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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Natural areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_Metropolitan_Mayors_of_Bologna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Metropolitan_Mayors_of_Bologna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>List of Metropolitan Mayors of Bologna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Metropolitan_Mayors_of_Bologna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Metropolitan City of Bologna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciud%C3%A1_metropolitana_de_Bolo%C3%B1a" title="Ciudá metropolitana de Boloña – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciudá metropolitana de Boloña" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Метрополен град Болоня – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Метрополен град Болоня" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitanstod_Bologna" title="Metropolitanstod Bologna – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Metropolitanstod Bologna" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meurg%C3%AAr_Bologna" title="Meurgêr Bologna – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Meurgêr Bologna" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutat_metropolitana_de_Bolonya" title="Ciutat metropolitana de Bolonya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciutat metropolitana de Bolonya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitn%C3%AD_m%C4%9Bsto_Bologna" title="Metropolitní město Bologna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Metropolitní město Bologna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinas_Fetropolitan_Bologna" title="Dinas Fetropolitan Bologna – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dinas Fetropolitan Bologna" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitanstadt_Bologna" title="Metropolitanstadt Bologna – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metropolitanstadt Bologna" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_metropolitana_di_Bologna" title="Città metropolitana di Bologna – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Città metropolitana di Bologna" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Μητροπολιτική Πόλη της Μπολόνια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μητροπολιτική Πόλη της Μπολόνια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_metropolitana_de_Bolonia" title="Ciudad metropolitana de Bolonia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciudad metropolitana de Bolonia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boloniako_metropoli-hiria" title="Boloniako metropoli-hiria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Boloniako metropoli-hiria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ville_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Bologne" title="Ville métropolitaine de Bologne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ville métropolitaine de Bologne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%EB%A1%9C%EB%83%90_%EA%B4%91%EC%97%AD%EC%8B%9C" title="볼로냐 광역시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼로냐 광역시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citate_Metropolitan_de_Bologna" title="Citate Metropolitan de Bologna – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Citate Metropolitan de Bologna" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_metropolitana_di_Bologna" title="Città metropolitana di Bologna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Città metropolitana di Bologna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zit%C3%A0_metropolitana_de_Bologna" title="Zità metropolitana de Bologna – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Zità metropolitana de Bologna" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbs_metropolitana_Bononiensis" title="Urbs metropolitana Bononiensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Urbs metropolitana Bononiensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolo%C5%86as_metropole" title="Boloņas metropole – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Boloņas metropole" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87itt%C3%A6_metropolitann-a_de_Bologna" title="Çittæ metropolitann-a de Bologna – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Çittæ metropolitann-a de Bologna" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A0_metropolitana_de_Bologna" title="Cità metropolitana de Bologna – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cità metropolitana de Bologna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_(metropolitane_stad)" title="Bologna (metropolitane stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bologna (metropolitane stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitanst%C3%A4%C3%A4d_Bologna" title="Metropolitanstääd Bologna – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Metropolitanstääd Bologna" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storbyomr%C3%A5det_Bologna" title="Storbyområdet Bologna – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Storbyområdet Bologna" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasto_metropolitalne_Bolonia" title="Miasto metropolitalne Bolonia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miasto metropolitalne Bolonia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_metropolitana_de_Bolonha" title="Cidade metropolitana de Bolonha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cidade metropolitana de Bolonha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Болонья (метрополитенский город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Болонья (метрополитенский город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qyteti_Metropolitan_i_Bolonj%C3%ABs" title="Qyteti Metropolitan i Bolonjës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qyteti Metropolitan i Bolonjës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna" title="Metropolitan City of Bologna – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Metropolitan City of Bologna" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitansko_mesto_Bologna" title="Metropolitansko mesto Bologna – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Metropolitansko mesto Bologna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="شارەوانیی شاری بۆلۆنیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شارەوانیی شاری بۆلۆنیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitanski_grad_Bologna" title="Metropolitanski grad Bologna – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Metropolitanski grad Bologna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolognan_metropolikaupunki" title="Bolognan metropolikaupunki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bolognan metropolikaupunki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalakhang_Lungsod_ng_Bolonia" title="Kalakhang Lungsod ng Bolonia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalakhang Lungsod ng Bolonia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_(metropoliten_%C5%9Fehir)" title="Bologna (metropoliten şehir) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bologna (metropoliten şehir)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE)" title="Болонья (метрополійне місто) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Болонья (метрополійне місто)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="بولونیا میٹروپولیٹن شہر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بولونیا میٹروپولیٹن شہر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_%C4%91%C3%B4_th%E1%BB%8B_Bologna" title="Thành phố đô thị Bologna – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thành phố đô thị Bologna" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B9%BF%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82" title="博洛尼亚广域市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="博洛尼亚广域市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18288145#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna&params=44.4939_N_11.3428_E_type:adm2nd_region:IT-BO_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°29′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°20′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.4939°N 11.3428°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.4939; 11.3428</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Bologna_metropolitan_area" title="Bologna metropolitan area">Bologna metropolitan area</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolitan City in Emilia-Romagna, Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media 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.ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Metropolitan City of Bologna</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Città metropolitana di Bologna</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Cities_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Cities of Italy">Metropolitan City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Malvezzi_de%27_Medici,_via_Zamboni_22,_Bologna,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palazzo Malvezzi, the Metropolitan City seat"><img alt="Palazzo Malvezzi, the Metropolitan City seat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Palazzo_Malvezzi_de%27_Medici%2C_via_Zamboni_22%2C_Bologna%2C_Italy.jpg/250px-Palazzo_Malvezzi_de%27_Medici%2C_via_Zamboni_22%2C_Bologna%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Palazzo_Malvezzi_de%27_Medici%2C_via_Zamboni_22%2C_Bologna%2C_Italy.jpg/375px-Palazzo_Malvezzi_de%27_Medici%2C_via_Zamboni_22%2C_Bologna%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Palazzo_Malvezzi_de%27_Medici%2C_via_Zamboni_22%2C_Bologna%2C_Italy.jpg/500px-Palazzo_Malvezzi_de%27_Medici%2C_via_Zamboni_22%2C_Bologna%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Palazzo Malvezzi, the Metropolitan City seat</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Metropolitan_city_of_Bologna.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Metropolitan City of Bologna"><img alt="Flag of Metropolitan City of Bologna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Metropolitan_city_of_Bologna.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Metropolitan_city_of_Bologna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Metropolitan_city_of_Bologna.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Metropolitan_city_of_Bologna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Metropolitan_city_of_Bologna.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Metropolitan_city_of_Bologna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="986" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Citt%C3%A0_metropolitana_di_Bologna_-_Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Metropolitan City of Bologna"><img alt="Coat of arms of Metropolitan City of Bologna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Citt%C3%A0_metropolitana_di_Bologna_-_Stemma.svg/72px-Citt%C3%A0_metropolitana_di_Bologna_-_Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="72" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Citt%C3%A0_metropolitana_di_Bologna_-_Stemma.svg/108px-Citt%C3%A0_metropolitana_di_Bologna_-_Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Citt%C3%A0_metropolitana_di_Bologna_-_Stemma.svg/144px-Citt%C3%A0_metropolitana_di_Bologna_-_Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="645" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bologna_in_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map highlighting the location of the province of Bologna in Italy"><img alt="Map highlighting the location of the province of Bologna in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bologna_in_Italy.svg/250px-Bologna_in_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bologna_in_Italy.svg/375px-Bologna_in_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bologna_in_Italy.svg/500px-Bologna_in_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map highlighting the location of the province of Bologna in Italy</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna&params=44.4939_N_11.3428_E_type:adm2nd_region:IT-BO_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°29′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°20′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.4939°N 11.3428°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.4939; 11.3428</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> (de facto)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comuni</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>55</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metropolitan Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Lepore" title="Matteo Lepore">Matteo Lepore</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,702 km<sup>2</sup> (1,429 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(06-30-2023)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,012,595<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data">€39.502 billion (2015)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€38,918 (2015)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">40121/40141 (Bologna), 40010–40069 (other comuni)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telephone prefix</th><td class="infobox-data">051, 0534, 0542</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">IT-BO</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italian_car_number_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian car number plates">BO</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">ISTAT</a></th><td class="infobox-data">237<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cittametropolitana.bo.it/portale/">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Metropolitan City of Bologna</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">città metropolitana di Bologna</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">metropolitan city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. Its capital is <i>de facto</i> the city of <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, though the body does not explicitly outline it.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was created by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990)</a> and established by the Law 56/2014, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Bologna" title="Province of Bologna">province of Bologna</a>. It has been operative since 1 January 2015. </p><p>The Metropolitan City is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (<i>sindaco metropolitano</i>) and by the Metropolitan Council (<i>consiglio metropolitano</i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Remains of the Iron Age <a href="/wiki/Villanovan_culture" title="Villanovan culture">Villanovan culture</a> were discovered near Bologna by archaeologists in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-2002d_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2002d-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was settled by the Etruscans and named Velzna, later Felsina. In the 6th century BCE, Felsina was known for its markets and trade. It was invaded by the Gallic <a href="/wiki/Boii" title="Boii">Boii</a> tribe in this period, who developed the agricultural output of the region. The Romans began their conquest of the region around 220 BCE and were successful by the 180s BCE; upon their capture of Felsina, it was renamed Bononia. After Rome fell in 476 CE and the region suffered barbarian invasions, Bononia was made a fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-2002d_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2002d-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city was owned by Charlemagne but was given to the Holy See in 774. Later, the Holy Roman Empire controlled the city and it became known as Bologna. Bologna became a commune by 1114, but it desired independence and in 1176 it joined the <a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a>, an alliance opposed to the Holy Roman Empire's influence. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Frederick I</a> recognised its desire for independence and granted it some autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-2002d_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2002d-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It joined the Second Lombard League to defeat <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> in 1249. Bologna became part of the Papal States in 1506 and joined the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> upon <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a> in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-2002d2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2002d2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a> was founded in 1088; its speciality was <a href="/wiki/Roman_law" title="Roman law">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a>, and it set standards in the way it was organised and the curriculum that was followed by universities in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Kleinhenz2004_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kleinhenz2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Metropolitan City of Bologna is part of the region of <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> in northwestern Italy. It is in the centre of the region and is bounded on the east by the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ravenna" title="Province of Ravenna">province of Ravenna</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ferrara" title="Province of Ferrara">province of Ferrara</a> lies to the north and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Modena" title="Province of Modena">province of Modena</a> lies to the west. To the south are the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Florence" title="Metropolitan City of Florence">Metropolitan City of Florence</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Prato" title="Province of Prato">province of Prato</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pistoia" title="Province of Pistoia">province of Pistoia</a>, all in the region of <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>. </p><p>The metropolitan territory is largely flat, and stretches from the alluvial <a href="/wiki/Po_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Po Plain">Po Plain</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennine Mountains</a>; the highest point in the metropolitan city is the peak of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corno_alle_Scale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corno alle Scale (page does not exist)">Corno alle Scale</a> in the commune of <a href="/wiki/Lizzano_in_Belvedere" title="Lizzano in Belvedere">Lizzano in Belvedere</a>, at 1,945 metres (6,381 ft) above sea level. The <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a> with the lowest average altitude is <a href="/wiki/Molinella" title="Molinella">Molinella</a> which is 8 metres above sea level. The municipality with the highest average altitude is <a href="/wiki/Monghidoro" title="Monghidoro">Monghidoro</a> 841 metres above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The metropolitan city of <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> includes south-eastern Emilia and seven municipalities whose territory is entirely included in the historical-geographical region of Romagna: <a href="/wiki/Borgo_Tossignano" title="Borgo Tossignano">Borgo Tossignano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casalfiumanese" title="Casalfiumanese">Casalfiumanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castel_del_Rio" title="Castel del Rio">Castel del Rio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dozza" title="Dozza">Dozza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fontanelice" title="Fontanelice">Fontanelice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imola" title="Imola">Imola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mordano" title="Mordano">Mordano</a>. The provincial territory extends mainly across plains and hills. The mountain occupies 21.3% of the province, against a regional average of 25%, and is divided between the Bolognese <a href="/wiki/Apennines" class="mw-redirect" title="Apennines">Apennines</a> and the Imola Apennines. </p><p>The main rivers that cross the territory are the <a href="/wiki/Reno_(river)" title="Reno (river)">Reno</a> (211 km), which collects almost all the waters of the Bolognese area, the <a href="/wiki/Santerno" title="Santerno">Santerno</a> (85 km), the <a href="/wiki/Idice" title="Idice">Idice</a> (77 km), the <a href="/wiki/Sillaro" title="Sillaro">Sillaro</a> (66 km), the <a href="/wiki/Savena" title="Savena">Savena</a> (54 km), the Samoggia (53 km) and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Setta_(river)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Setta (river) (page does not exist)">Setta</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setta_(fiume)" class="extiw" title="it:Setta (fiume)">it</a>]</sup> (40 km). Worthy of note for its particularity is the Dardagna torrent, the only river in the territory of the metropolitan city which, flowing into the Panaro, is part of the Po water basin. </p><p>In the extensive hill system, two ridges stand out which are located transversally to the main valleys: the Pliocene Buttress and the Chalk Vein. Characteristic are the gullies, hilly formations dug by the flow of rain on the clayey slopes of different densities, present along the Chalk Vein on the hills from <a href="/wiki/Reggio_nell%27Emilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Reggio nell'Emilia">Reggio nell'Emilia</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Rimini" title="Province of Rimini">province of Rimini</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_areas">Natural areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Natural areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> heritage of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> is managed through a system represented by 21 protected areas and 31 sites of community importance. The total surface area in October 2004 amounted to 710.684 acres (equal to 19.36% of the provincial surface area). Inside the Metropolitan city of Bologna are present 5 Regional <a href="/wiki/Parks" class="mw-redirect" title="Parks">Parks</a> (Corno alle Scale, Gessi Bolognesi and Calanchi dell'Abbadessa, Monte Sole, <a href="/wiki/Monteveglio" title="Monteveglio">Monteveglio</a> <a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">Abbey</a>, Suviana and Brasimone <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">Lake</a>), 2 Provincial Parks (Montovolo, La Martina), 1 Nature Reserve (Countrafforte Nature Reserve Pliocene), 13 Ecological Rebalancing Areas (ARE). Furthermore, 70 different species among those listed in <a href="/wiki/Annex_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Annex I">Annex I</a> of the "Birds" Directive have been registered in the area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">763,907</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">841,474</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">918,844</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">930,284</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">906,856</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−2.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">915,225</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">976,243</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,010,812</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">ISTAT</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The driving sectors of the regional economy are: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vegetables" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cereals" class="mw-redirect" title="Cereals">cereals</a> – the famous DOP <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a> from <a href="/wiki/Budrio" title="Budrio">Budrio</a>), breeding (pigs and cattle) and small and medium industry in the food, mechanical, <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a>. </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ducati_Werk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ducati_Werk.JPG/220px-Ducati_Werk.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ducati_Werk.JPG/330px-Ducati_Werk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ducati_Werk.JPG/440px-Ducati_Werk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2763" data-file-height="1109" /></a><figcaption>Ducati Factory</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motor_sector&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motor sector (page does not exist)">motor sector</a>, companies such as <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycle</a> manufacturing company <a href="/wiki/Ducati" title="Ducati">Ducati</a>, luxury <a href="/wiki/Sports_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports cars">sports cars</a> and <a href="/wiki/SUVs" class="mw-redirect" title="SUVs">SUVs</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agata_Bolognese" title="Sant'Agata Bolognese">Sant'Agata Bolognese</a> <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a> (The company is owned by the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> through its subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a>), Italian <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scooter_(motorcycle)" title="Scooter (motorcycle)">scooter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycle</a> company based in <a href="/wiki/San_Lazzaro_di_Savena" title="San Lazzaro di Savena">San Lazzaro di Savena</a> <a href="/wiki/Malaguti" title="Malaguti">Malaguti</a>, the italian headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Volvo" title="Volvo">Volvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saab_Automobile" title="Saab Automobile">Saab</a> Italia, motorcycle manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Moto_Morini" title="Moto Morini">Moto Morini</a> (from 1937 to 2014), and <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a> manufacturer <a href="/wiki/BredaMenarinibus" title="BredaMenarinibus">BredaMenarinibus</a> are based here. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_Lamborghini_Aventador_LP_750-4_SV_S-A_6.5_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2016_Lamborghini_Aventador_LP_750-4_SV_S-A_6.5_Front.jpg/220px-2016_Lamborghini_Aventador_LP_750-4_SV_S-A_6.5_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2016_Lamborghini_Aventador_LP_750-4_SV_S-A_6.5_Front.jpg/330px-2016_Lamborghini_Aventador_LP_750-4_SV_S-A_6.5_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2016_Lamborghini_Aventador_LP_750-4_SV_S-A_6.5_Front.jpg/440px-2016_Lamborghini_Aventador_LP_750-4_SV_S-A_6.5_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5006" data-file-height="2593" /></a><figcaption>2015 Lamborghini Aventador SV</figcaption></figure> <p>In the metalworking sector there are <a href="/wiki/Malossi" title="Malossi">Malossi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marzocchi" title="Marzocchi">Marzocchi</a>, Paioli, <a href="/wiki/Minarelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarelli">Minarelli</a>, Viro, while in the electronic machinery and automatic machines sector, <a href="/wiki/Saeco" title="Saeco">Saeco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Datalogic" title="Datalogic">Datalogic</a>, Beghelli, FAAC, <a href="/wiki/IMA_(company)" title="IMA (company)">IMA</a>, SACMI , <a href="/wiki/Marchesini" title="Marchesini">Marchesini</a>. </p><p>Among the highly relevant agri-food industries in Bologna we find: in the food sector <a href="/wiki/Granarolo_(company)" title="Granarolo (company)">Granarolo</a>, Fabbri, <a href="/wiki/Segafredo_Zanetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Segafredo Zanetti">Segafredo Zanetti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valsoia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valsoia (page does not exist)">Valsoia</a>, the Conserve Italia consortium (to which the <a href="/wiki/Cirio" title="Cirio">Cirio</a>, Yoga, Valfrutta, Derby Blue and Jolly Colombani), Eridania, Alcisa, <a href="/wiki/Cremino" title="Cremino">Cremino</a> maker Majani, <a href="/wiki/Carpigiani" title="Carpigiani">Carpigiani</a>, Cerelia Acqua Minerale, as well as the national offices of the food cooperatives <a href="/wiki/Coop_(Italy)" title="Coop (Italy)">Coop (Italy)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conad" title="Conad">Conad</a> and Sigma, SISA and <a href="/wiki/Despar" class="mw-redirect" title="Despar">Despar</a>. </p><p>In recent years, numerous start-ups in the field of information and communication technologies have been created in the Emilian capital. </p><p>Of note are the activities of the Bologna Fair, where international events are organised, the infrastructure of the Bologna Interport for the loading and unloading of goods arriving in containers from the port of <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a> and the Centergross of Funo, founded in 1977 and a of the major commercial citadels of Europe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_Metropolitan_Mayors_of_Bologna">List of Metropolitan Mayors of Bologna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List of Metropolitan Mayors of Bologna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>N. </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Metropolitan Mayor </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Term end </th> <th colspan="2">Party </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Virginio_Merola_2016.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Virginio_Merola_2016.jpeg/70px-Virginio_Merola_2016.jpeg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Virginio_Merola_2016.jpeg/105px-Virginio_Merola_2016.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Virginio_Merola_2016.jpeg/140px-Virginio_Merola_2016.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="1809" /></a></span> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Virginio_Merola" title="Virginio Merola">Virginio Merola</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1955–)</span></div> </td> <td align="center">1 January 2015 </td> <td align="center">11 October 2021 </td> <th style="background:#EF1C27;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">Democratic Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Matteo_Lepore_2015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Matteo_Lepore_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Matteo_Lepore_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Matteo_Lepore_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-Matteo_Lepore_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Matteo_Lepore_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Matteo_Lepore_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2078" data-file-height="2924" /></a></span> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Lepore" title="Matteo Lepore">Matteo Lepore</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1980–)</span></div> </td> <td align="center">11 October 2021 </td> <td align="center"><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background:#EF1C27;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">Democratic Party</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Bologna" title="Province of Bologna">Province of Bologna</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2017gen/index.html">"Demographic Balance for the year 2017 (provisional data)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">Istat</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Demographic+Balance+for+the+year+2017+%28provisional+data%29&rft.pub=Istat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fbilmens2017gen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+City+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.oecd.org/">Regions and Cities > Regional Statistics > Regional Economy > Regional Gross Domestic Product (Small regions TL3)</a>, OECD.Stats. Accessed on 16 November 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/145343">"Codici delle città metropolitane al 1° gennaio 2017"</a>. <i>www.istat.it</i> (in Italian). 23 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.istat.it&rft.atitle=Codici+delle+citt%C3%A0+metropolitane+al+1%C2%B0+gennaio+2017&rft.date=2016-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fit%2Farchivio%2F145343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+City+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cittametropolitana.bo.it/portale/Documenti/Statuto">"Statuto della Città metropolitana di Bologna"</a>. <i>Città metropolitana di Bologna</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Citt%C3%A0+metropolitana+di+Bologna&rft.atitle=Statuto+della+Citt%C3%A0+metropolitana+di+Bologna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cittametropolitana.bo.it%2Fportale%2FDocumenti%2FStatuto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+City+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2002d-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2002d_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2002d_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2002d_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy_Palmer_Domenico2002" class="citation book cs1">Roy Palmer Domenico (2002). <i>The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30733-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30733-1"><bdi>978-0-313-30733-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Regions+of+Italy%3A+A+Reference+Guide+to+History+and+Culture&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30733-1&rft.au=Roy+Palmer+Domenico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+City+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2002d2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2002d2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy_Palmer_Domenico2002" class="citation book cs1">Roy Palmer Domenico (2002). <i>The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30733-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30733-1"><bdi>978-0-313-30733-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Regions+of+Italy%3A+A+Reference+Guide+to+History+and+Culture&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30733-1&rft.au=Roy+Palmer+Domenico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+City+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kleinhenz2004-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kleinhenz2004_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Kleinhenz2004" class="citation book cs1">Christopher Kleinhenz (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1107"><i>Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Routledge. p. 1107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94880-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94880-1"><bdi>978-1-135-94880-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Italy%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=1107&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-135-94880-1&rft.au=Christopher+Kleinhenz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE2CTAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT1107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+City+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World</i> (13 ed.). Times Books. 2011. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780007419135" title="Special:BookSources/9780007419135"><bdi>9780007419135</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Times+Comprehensive+Atlas+of+the+World&rft.pages=76&rft.edition=13&rft.pub=Times+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780007419135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+City+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cittametropolitana.bo.it/portale/">Official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_of_Italy" title="List of metropolitan areas of Italy">areas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Bari" title="Metropolitan City of Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Cagliari" title="Metropolitan City of Cagliari">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Catania" title="Metropolitan City of Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Florence" title="Metropolitan City of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Genoa" title="Metropolitan City of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Messina" title="Metropolitan City of Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Milan" title="Metropolitan City of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Naples" title="Metropolitan City of Naples">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Palermo" title="Metropolitan City of Palermo">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Reggio_Calabria" title="Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Rome_Capital" title="Metropolitan City of Rome Capital">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Venice" title="Metropolitan City of Venice">Venice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bari_metropolitan_area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bari metropolitan area (page does not exist)">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna_metropolitan_area" title="Bologna metropolitan area">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Cagliari metropolitan area">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catania_metropolitan_area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catania metropolitan area (page does not exist)">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence-Prato-Pistoia_metropolitan_area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florence-Prato-Pistoia metropolitan area (page does not exist)">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genoa_metropolitan_area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genoa metropolitan area (page does not exist)">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Messina_metropolitan_area" title="Strait of Messina metropolitan area">Messina-Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_metropolitan_area" title="Milan metropolitan area">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples_metropolitan_area" title="Naples metropolitan area">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua_metropolitan_area" title="Padua metropolitan area">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo_metropolitan_area" title="Palermo metropolitan area">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_metropolitan_area" title="Rome metropolitan area">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_metropolitan_area" title="Turin metropolitan area">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua%E2%80%93Treviso%E2%80%93Venice_metropolitan_area" title="Padua–Treviso–Venice metropolitan area">Venice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Emilia-Romagna_·_Comuni_of_the_Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna" title="Template:Metropolitan City of Bologna"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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<li><a href="/wiki/Argelato" title="Argelato">Argelato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baricella" title="Baricella">Baricella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentivoglio,_Emilia-Romagna" title="Bentivoglio, Emilia-Romagna">Bentivoglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgo_Tossignano" title="Borgo Tossignano">Borgo Tossignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budrio" title="Budrio">Budrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calderara_di_Reno" title="Calderara di Reno">Calderara di Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camugnano" title="Camugnano">Camugnano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casalecchio_di_Reno" title="Casalecchio di Reno">Casalecchio di Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casalfiumanese" title="Casalfiumanese">Casalfiumanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_Guelfo_di_Bologna" title="Castel Guelfo di Bologna">Castel Guelfo di Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_Maggiore" title="Castel Maggiore">Castel Maggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_San_Pietro_Terme" title="Castel San Pietro Terme">Castel San Pietro Terme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_d%27Aiano" title="Castel d'Aiano">Castel d'Aiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_del_Rio" title="Castel del Rio">Castel del Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_di_Casio" title="Castel di Casio">Castel di Casio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castello_d%27Argile" title="Castello d'Argile">Castello d'Argile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castenaso" title="Castenaso">Castenaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castiglione_dei_Pepoli" title="Castiglione dei Pepoli">Castiglione dei Pepoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crevalcore" title="Crevalcore">Crevalcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dozza" title="Dozza">Dozza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontanelice" title="Fontanelice">Fontanelice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaggio_Montano" title="Gaggio Montano">Gaggio Montano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galliera" title="Galliera">Galliera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granarolo_dell%27Emilia" title="Granarolo dell'Emilia">Granarolo dell'Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grizzana_Morandi" title="Grizzana Morandi">Grizzana Morandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imola" title="Imola">Imola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzano_in_Belvedere" title="Lizzano in Belvedere">Lizzano in Belvedere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loiano" title="Loiano">Loiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malalbergo" title="Malalbergo">Malalbergo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marzabotto" title="Marzabotto">Marzabotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina">Medicina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerbio" title="Minerbio">Minerbio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinella" title="Molinella">Molinella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monghidoro" title="Monghidoro">Monghidoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_San_Pietro" title="Monte San Pietro">Monte San Pietro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterenzio" title="Monterenzio">Monterenzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monzuno" title="Monzuno">Monzuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordano" title="Mordano">Mordano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozzano_dell%27Emilia" title="Ozzano dell'Emilia">Ozzano dell'Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pianoro" title="Pianoro">Pianoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieve_di_Cento" title="Pieve di Cento">Pieve di Cento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sala_Bolognese" title="Sala Bolognese">Sala Bolognese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Benedetto_Val_di_Sambro" title="San Benedetto Val di Sambro">San Benedetto Val di Sambro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giorgio_di_Piano" title="San Giorgio di Piano">San Giorgio di Piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_in_Persiceto" title="San Giovanni in Persiceto">San Giovanni in Persiceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lazzaro_di_Savena" title="San Lazzaro di Savena">San Lazzaro di Savena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_in_Casale" title="San Pietro in Casale">San Pietro in Casale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agata_Bolognese" title="Sant'Agata Bolognese">Sant'Agata Bolognese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasso_Marconi" title="Sasso Marconi">Sasso Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valsamoggia" title="Valsamoggia">Valsamoggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergato" title="Vergato">Vergato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zola_Predosa" title="Zola Predosa">Zola Predosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Emilia-Romagna&#124;link=Emilia-Romagna_Emilia-Romagna" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Cities_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a><br /> and places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ferrara" title="Province of Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Forl%C3%AC-Cesena" title="Province of Forlì-Cesena">Forlì-Cesena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Modena" title="Province of Modena">Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Parma" title="Province of Parma">Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Piacenza" title="Province of Piacenza">Piacenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ravenna" title="Province of Ravenna">Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Reggio_Emilia" title="Province of Reggio Emilia">Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Rimini" title="Province of Rimini">Rimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_of_Emilia-Romagna" class="mw-redirect" title="List of communes of Emilia-Romagna">List of communes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_region_of_Emilia-Romagna,_Italy,_with_provinces-it.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_region_of_Emilia-Romagna%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg/210px-Map_of_region_of_Emilia-Romagna%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_region_of_Emilia-Romagna%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg/315px-Map_of_region_of_Emilia-Romagna%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_region_of_Emilia-Romagna%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg/420px-Map_of_region_of_Emilia-Romagna%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="2530" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padanian_Etruria" title="Padanian Etruria">Padanian Etruria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilia_(region_of_Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilia (region of Italy)">Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romagna" title="Romagna">Romagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Tuscany" title="March of Tuscany">March of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of Modena and Reggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Ferrara" title="Duchy of Ferrara">Duchy of Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Parma">Duchy of Parma and Piacenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Guastalla" title="County of Guastalla">County of Guastalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Guastalla" title="Duchy of Guastalla">Duchy of Guastalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cispadane_Republic" title="Cispadane Republic">Cispadane Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Republic" title="Cisalpine Republic">Cisalpine Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Republic_(Napoleonic)" title="Italian Republic (Napoleonic)">Italian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Central_Italy" title="United Provinces of Central Italy">United Provinces of Central Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Emilia-Romagna" title="Politics of Emilia-Romagna">Politics and<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Emilia%E2%80%93Romagna" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Emilia–Romagna">Elections in Emilia–Romagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Emilia-Romagna" title="List of presidents of Emilia-Romagna">List of presidents of Emilia-Romagna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Emilia-Romagna" title="Category:Education in Emilia-Romagna">Education</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Emilia-Romagna" title="Category:Culture in Emilia-Romagna">culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Emilia-Romagna" title="Music of Emilia-Romagna">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna" title="Flag of Emilia-Romagna">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Emilia-Romagna" title="Category:Emilia-Romagna">Categories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from 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