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classifications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_and_classifications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History and classifications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_classifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Classifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Visual arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Visual arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ceramics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceramics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ceramics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceramics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conceptual_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conceptual_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Conceptual art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conceptual_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drawing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drawing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Drawing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drawing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Painting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Photography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Sculpture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literary arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Performing arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Performing arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multidisciplinary_artistic_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multidisciplinary_artistic_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Multidisciplinary artistic works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multidisciplinary_artistic_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Applied_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applied_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Applied arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applied_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_critique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_critique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Arts critique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_critique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">The arts</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_kunste" title="Die kunste – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Die kunste" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="الفنون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفنون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numberaci%C3%B3n_de_les_artes" title="Numberación de les artes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Numberación de les artes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembiapopor%C3%A3ngu%C3%A9ra" title="Tembiapoporãnguéra – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tembiapoporãnguéra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="শিল্পকলার শাখাসমূহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শিল্পকলার শাখাসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%93-su%CC%8Dt_%C3%AA_hun-i%C3%A1" title="Gē-su̍t ê hun-iá – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gē-su̍t ê hun-iá" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Мастацтвы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мастацтвы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4)" title="कला (समस्त) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कला (समस्त)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts" title="Arts – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arts" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_celfyddydau" title="Y celfyddydau – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y celfyddydau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Τέχνες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τέχνες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeraci%C3%B3n_de_las_artes" title="Numeración de las artes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Numeración de las artes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artoj_(apartigilo)" title="Artoj (apartigilo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Artoj (apartigilo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteak" title="Arteak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arteak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="فعالیت‌های هنری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فعالیت‌های هنری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts" title="Arts – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arts" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_heala%C3%ADona" title="Na healaíona – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Na healaíona" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0%ED%99%9C%EB%8F%99" title="예술활동 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예술활동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Արվեստներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արվեստներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="האמנויות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האמנויות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalalangan" title="Kalalangan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kalalangan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Artys" title="An Artys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="An Artys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sanaa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menai" title="Menai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Menai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Уметности – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Уметности" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2" title="കല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-Arti" title="L-Arti – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="L-Arti" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အနုပညာ ဘာသာရပ်များ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အနုပညာ ဘာသာရပ်များ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE" title="कलाविधा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कलाविधा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कला – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कला" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93" title="諸芸術 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="諸芸術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstart" title="Kunstart – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kunstart" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstart" title="Kunstart – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kunstart" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts" title="Arts – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Arts" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artes" title="Artes – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Artes" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਕਲਾਵਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਲਾਵਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="هنرونه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هنرونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_artes" title="Numeração das artes – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Numeração das artes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Искусства – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Искусства" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artet" title="Artet – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Artet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="කලා ක්‍ෂේත්‍රය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කලා ක්‍ෂේත්‍රය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts" title="Arts – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arts" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھونەرەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھونەرەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umetnosti" title="Umetnosti – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Umetnosti" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstarterna" title="Konstarterna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Konstarterna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கலைகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Мистецтва – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мистецтва" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فنیات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فنیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1c_m%C3%B4n_ngh%E1%BB%87_thu%E1%BA%ADt" title="Các môn nghệ thuật – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Các môn nghệ thuật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li 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.ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Merge plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/50px-Merge-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/75px-Merge-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/100px-Merge-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this article be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">Art</a></i>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Art#Art_vs_The_arts_vs_Visual_arts_merges" title="Talk:Art">Discuss</a>)<small><i> Proposed since October 2024.</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Creative human and cultural expression</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the group of creative disciplines. For the concept of art, see <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">Art</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Arts" redirects here. For the acronym, see <a href="/wiki/ARTS_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="ARTS (disambiguation)">ARTS</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Tambourin.jpg/128px-Tambourin.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Tambourin.jpg/192px-Tambourin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Tambourin.jpg/256px-Tambourin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="7360" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:158px;max-width:158px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:191px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gauguin,_Paul_-_Still_Life_with_Profile_of_Laval_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gauguin%2C_Paul_-_Still_Life_with_Profile_of_Laval_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/156px-Gauguin%2C_Paul_-_Still_Life_with_Profile_of_Laval_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gauguin%2C_Paul_-_Still_Life_with_Profile_of_Laval_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/234px-Gauguin%2C_Paul_-_Still_Life_with_Profile_of_Laval_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Gauguin%2C_Paul_-_Still_Life_with_Profile_of_Laval_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/312px-Gauguin%2C_Paul_-_Still_Life_with_Profile_of_Laval_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12001" data-file-height="14686" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:198px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg/137px-Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg/206px-Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg/274px-Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:198px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santuario_de_Las_Lajas,_Ipiales,_Colombia,_2015-07-21,_DD_26-27_HDR.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_26-27_HDR.JPG/147px-Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_26-27_HDR.JPG" decoding="async" width="147" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_26-27_HDR.JPG/221px-Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_26-27_HDR.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_26-27_HDR.JPG/294px-Santuario_de_Las_Lajas%2C_Ipiales%2C_Colombia%2C_2015-07-21%2C_DD_26-27_HDR.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4837" data-file-height="6547" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:205px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bianlian.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bianlian.JPG/288px-Bianlian.JPG" decoding="async" width="288" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bianlian.JPG/432px-Bianlian.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bianlian.JPG/576px-Bianlian.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2302" data-file-height="1644" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Clockwise, from left to right: <ul><li>A tambourine player at a traditional debaa dance festival in <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Life_with_Profile_of_Laval" title="Still Life with Profile of Laval">Still Life with Profile of Laval</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>, 1886</li> <li>The title page of <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_sonnets" title="Shakespeare's sonnets">Shakespeare's sonnets</a> in a 1609 edition by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thorpe" title="Thomas Thorpe">Thomas Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Lajas_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Lajas Shrine">Las Lajas Shrine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nari%C3%B1o_Department" title="Nariño Department">Nariño Department</a>, Colombia</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Bian_Lian" class="mw-redirect" title="Bian Lian">Bian Lian</a> performer</li></ul></div></div></div></div> <p><b>The arts</b> or <b>creative arts</b> are a vast range of human practices of <a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">creative expression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storytelling" title="Storytelling">storytelling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural">cultural</a> participation. The arts encompass diverse and plural modes of thinking, doing, and being in an extensive range of <a href="/wiki/List_of_art_media" title="List of art media">media</a>. Both dynamic and a characteristically constant feature of human life have developed into stylized and intricate forms. This is achieved through sustained and deliberate study, training, or theorizing within a particular tradition, generations, and even between <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">civilizations</a>. The arts are a vehicle through which human beings cultivate distinct social, cultural, and individual identities while transmitting values, impressions, judgements, ideas, visions, spiritual meanings, patterns of life, and experiences across time and space. </p><p>Prominent examples of the arts include: <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">visual arts</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">ceramics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sculpting" class="mw-redirect" title="Sculpting">sculpting</a>), <a href="/wiki/Literary_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary arts">literary arts</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">fiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">drama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">prose</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">performing arts</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a>). They can employ <a href="/wiki/Skill" title="Skill">skill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imagination" title="Imagination">imagination</a> to produce <a href="/wiki/Physical_object" title="Physical object">objects</a> and <a href="/wiki/Performance" title="Performance">performances</a>, convey insights and <a href="/wiki/Experience" title="Experience">experiences</a>, and construct new <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environments</a> and spaces. </p><p>The arts can refer to common, popular, or everyday practices as well as more sophisticated, systematic, or institutionalized ones. They can be discrete and self-contained or combine and interweave with other art forms, such as combining artwork with the written word in <a href="/wiki/Comics" title="Comics">comics</a>. They can also develop or contribute to some particular aspect of a more complex art form, as in <a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">cinematography</a>. By definition, the arts themselves are open to being continually redefined. The practice of <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">modern art</a>, for example, is a testament to the shifting boundaries, improvisation and experimentation, reflexive nature, and <a href="/wiki/Self-criticism" title="Self-criticism">self-criticism</a> or questioning that art and its conditions of production, reception, and possibility can undergo. </p><p>As both a means of developing capacities of attention and sensitivity and <a href="/wiki/Art_for_art%27s_sake" title="Art for art's sake">ends in themselves</a>, the arts can simultaneously be a form of response to the world. It is a way to transform our responses and what we deem worthwhile goals or pursuits. From prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">cave paintings</a> to ancient and contemporary forms of <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">ritual</a> to modern-day <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">films</a>, art has served to register, embody, and preserve our ever-shifting relationships with each other and the world. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">Art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classificatory_disputes_about_art" title="Classificatory disputes about art">Classificatory disputes about art</a></div> <p>The arts are considered various practices or objects done by people with skill, creativity, and imagination across cultures and history, viewed as a group.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernandez2024_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernandez2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These activities include painting, sculpture, music, theatre, literature, and more.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Merriam-Webster''2023_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Merriam-Webster''2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Art refers to the way of doing or applying human creative skills, typically in visual form.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Oxford''2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Oxford''2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdajian2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdajian2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_classifications">History and classifications</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_music" title="History of music">History of music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_literature" title="History of literature">History of literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg/220px-Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg/330px-Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg/440px-Venus_of_Brassempouy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Brassempouy" title="Venus of Brassempouy">Venus of Brassempouy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>, art and <a href="/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">craft</a> were referred to by the word <a href="/wiki/Techne" title="Techne">techne</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> art brought the veneration of the animal form and the development of equivalent skills to show musculature, poise, beauty, and anatomically correct proportions. <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Ancient Roman</a> art depicted gods as idealized humans, shown with characteristic distinguishing features, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>' thunderbolt. In <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic art</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the dominant church insisted on the expression of Christian themes due to the overlap of <a href="/wiki/Church_and_state_in_medieval_Europe" title="Church and state in medieval Europe">church and state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorson2020_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorson2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern art">Eastern art</a> has generally worked in style akin to Western <a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">medieval art</a>, namely a concentration on surface patterning and local colour (meaning the plain colour of an object, such as basic red for a red robe, rather than the modulations of that colour brought about by light, shade, and reflection). A characteristic of this style is that local colour is defined by an outline (a contemporary equivalent is the cartoon). This is evident, for example, in the art of <a href="/wiki/Indian_art" title="Indian art">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_art" title="Tibetan art">Tibet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic art</a> avoids the representation of living beings, particularly humans and other animals, in religious contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanby200533_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanby200533-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It instead expresses religious ideas through <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a> and geometrical designs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanby200521,_81_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanby200521,_81-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classifications">Classifications</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catullus-at-Lesbia%27s-large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Catullus-at-Lesbia%27s-large.jpg/220px-Catullus-at-Lesbia%27s-large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Catullus-at-Lesbia%27s-large.jpg/330px-Catullus-at-Lesbia%27s-large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Catullus-at-Lesbia%27s-large.jpg/440px-Catullus-at-Lesbia%27s-large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1132" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Alma-Tadema" title="Lawrence Alma-Tadema">Lawrence Alma-Tadema</a>'s <i>Catullus-at-Lesbia's</i> (1865)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Middle Ages, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal arts">liberal arts</a> were taught in European <a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">universities</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Trivium" title="Trivium">Trivium</a>, an introductory curriculum involving <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetoric</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Logic#Informal" title="Logic">logic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnionsFriedrichsenBurchfield1991994_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnionsFriedrichsenBurchfield1991994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of the <a href="/wiki/Quadrivium" title="Quadrivium">Quadrivium</a>, a curriculum involving the "mathematical arts" of <a href="/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic">arithmetic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a>, music, and <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilmanPeckColby1905_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilmanPeckColby1905-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern <a href="/wiki/Academia" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia">academia</a>, the arts can be grouped with, or as a subset of, the <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenseler2020_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenseler2020-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The arts have been classified as seven: painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music, <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">performing</a>, and cinema. Some view literature, painting, sculpture, and music as the central four arts, of which the others are derivative; drama is literature with acting, dance is music expressed through <a href="/wiki/Motion" title="Motion">motion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Song" title="Song">song</a> is music with literature and <a href="/wiki/Voice" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice">voice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowlandsLandauer2001_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowlandsLandauer2001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (August 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> Film is sometimes called the "eighth" and comics the "ninth art" in Francophone scholarship, adding to the traditional "Seven Arts".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller200723_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller200723-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyynänen202037_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyynänen202037-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cultural fields like <a href="/wiki/Gastronomy" title="Gastronomy">gastronomy</a> are only sometimes considered as arts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDesaiDeSimoneHenig2013_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDesaiDeSimoneHenig2013-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Work_of_art" title="Work of art">Work of art</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/220px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/330px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/440px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> on top of the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis</a>, Athens, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Architecture is the art and science of <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">designing</a> <a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">buildings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Structure" title="Structure">structures</a>. A wider definition would include the design of the built environment, from the macro level of <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">urban design</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">landscape architecture</a>, to the micro level of creating furniture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Heritage_Dictionary_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Heritage_Dictionary-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>architecture</i> comes from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">architectūra</i></span>, from <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">architectus</i></span> "master builder, director of works."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Heritage_Dictionary_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Heritage_Dictionary-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Etymology_of_architecture_by_etymonline''2022_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Etymology_of_architecture_by_etymonline''2022-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Architectural design usually must address feasibility and <a href="/wiki/Cost" title="Cost">cost</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">builder</a>, as well as function and <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Consumer" title="Consumer">user</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChing2012_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChing2012-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern usage, architecture is the art and <a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">discipline</a> of creating or inferring an implied or apparent plan for a complex object or <a href="/wiki/System" title="System">system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERechtinMaier20007_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERechtinMaier20007-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some types of architecture manipulate space, volume, texture, light, shadow, or abstract elements, to achieve pleasing aesthetics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemery2010_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemery2010-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Architectural works may be seen as cultural and political <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbols</a>, or works of art. The role of the architect, though changing, has been central to the design and implementation of pleasingly built environments, in which people live.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2023_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2023-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ceramics">Ceramics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramic art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%96%B4%EB%A3%A1_%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%91_%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%96%B4%EB%A3%A1_%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%91_%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90.jpg/180px-%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%96%B4%EB%A3%A1_%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%91_%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%96%B4%EB%A3%A1_%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%91_%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90.jpg/270px-%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%96%B4%EB%A3%A1_%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%91_%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%96%B4%EB%A3%A1_%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%91_%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90.jpg/360px-%EC%B2%AD%EC%9E%90_%EC%96%B4%EB%A3%A1_%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%91_%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Celadon" title="Celadon">Celadon</a> kettle from the 12th century. <a href="/wiki/Goryeo_celadon" class="mw-redirect" title="Goryeo celadon">Goryeo celadon</a> is considered to be among the great achievements of <a href="/wiki/Korean_art" title="Korean art">Korean art</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ceramic art is art made from <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramic</a> materials (including <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which may take forms such as <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tile" title="Tile">tile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Figurine" title="Figurine">figurines</a>, sculpture, and <a href="/wiki/Tableware" title="Tableware">tableware</a>. While some ceramic products are considered <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine art</a>, others are considered <a href="/wiki/Decorative_arts" title="Decorative arts">decorative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Applied_arts" title="Applied arts">applied</a> art objects. Ceramics may also be considered <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artefacts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a>. Ceramic art can be made by one person or by a group of people. In a pottery or ceramic factory, a group of people design, manufacture, and decorate the pottery. Some pottery is regarded as <a href="/wiki/Art_pottery" title="Art pottery">art pottery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a one-person pottery studio, ceramists or potters produce <a href="/wiki/Studio_pottery" title="Studio pottery">studio pottery</a>. Ceramics excludes <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaics</a> made from glass <i><a href="/wiki/Tessera" title="Tessera">tesserae</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conceptual_art">Conceptual art</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></div> <p>Conceptual art is art wherein the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inception of the term in the 1960s referred to a strict and focused practice of idea-based art that defied traditional visual criteria associated with the visual arts in its presentation as text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeWitt196779–83_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeWitt196779–83-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through its association with the <a href="/wiki/Young_British_Artists" title="Young British Artists">Young British Artists</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Prize" title="Turner Prize">Turner Prize</a> during the 1990s,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuntsman2015221_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuntsman2015221-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its popular usage, particularly in the United Kingdom, developed as a synonym for all <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a> that does not practice the traditional skills of painting and sculpture.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drawing">Drawing</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></div> <p>Drawing is a means of making an <a href="/wiki/Image" title="Image">image</a> using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> <a href="/wiki/Pencil" title="Pencil">pencils</a>, pen and ink, <a href="/wiki/Ink" title="Ink">inked</a> <a href="/wiki/Brush" title="Brush">brushes</a>, wax <a href="/wiki/Coloured_pencils" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloured pencils">coloured pencils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crayon" title="Crayon">crayons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">charcoals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pastel" title="Pastel">pastels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marker_pen" title="Marker pen">markers</a>. Digital tools with similar effects are also used. The main techniques used in drawing are line drawing, <a href="/wiki/Hatching" title="Hatching">hatching</a>, cross-hatching, random hatching, scribbling, <a href="/wiki/Stippling" title="Stippling">stippling</a>, and blending. An <a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artist</a> who excels in drawing is referred to as a <i>drafter</i>, <i>draftswoman</i>, or <i>draughtsman</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drawing can be used to create art used in cultural industries such as <a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">illustrations</a>, comics, and animation. Comics are often called the "ninth art" (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">le neuvième art</i></span>) in Francophone scholarship, adding to the traditional "Seven Arts".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller200723_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller200723-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Painting">Painting</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mona_Lisa,_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci,_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg/170px-Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg/255px-Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg/340px-Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7479" data-file-height="11146" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa" title="Mona Lisa">Mona Lisa</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Painting is considered to be a form of self-expression.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drawing, <a href="/wiki/Gesture" title="Gesture">gesture</a> (as in <a href="/wiki/Gestural_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestural painting">gestural painting</a>), <a href="/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">composition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">narration</a> (as in <a href="/wiki/Narrative_art" title="Narrative art">narrative art</a>), or <a href="/wiki/Abstraction" title="Abstraction">abstraction</a> (as in <a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">abstract art</a>), among other aesthetic modes, may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerry201485_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry201485-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paintings can be a wide variety of topics, such as <a href="/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">photographic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> abstract,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> narrative,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbolistic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolist art</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">emotive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or political in nature (<a href="/wiki/Artivism" title="Artivism">Artivism</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some modern painters incorporate different materials, such as <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a>, cement, <a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">straw</a>, wood, or strands of hair, for their <a href="/wiki/Texture_(visual_arts)" title="Texture (visual arts)">artwork texture</a>. Examples of this are the works of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dubuffet" title="Jean Dubuffet">Jean Dubuffet</a> or <a href="/wiki/Anselm_Kiefer" title="Anselm Kiefer">Anselm Kiefer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photography">Photography</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art photography</a></div> <p>Photography as an art form refers to photographs that are created in accordance with the creative vision of the photographer. Art photography stands in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">photojournalism</a>, which provides a visual account of news events, and commercial photography, the primary focus of which is to advertise products or services.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sculpture">Sculpture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></div> <p>Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the <a href="/wiki/Plastic_arts" title="Plastic arts">plastic arts</a>. Durable sculptural processes originally used <a href="/wiki/Carving" title="Carving">carving</a> (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, such as clay), in <a href="/wiki/Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone">stone</a>, metal, <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">ceramics</a>, wood, and other materials, but shifts in sculptural processes have led to almost complete freedom of materials and processes following <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modernism</a>. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by <a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">welding</a> or modelling, or <a href="/wiki/Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">moulded</a> or <a href="/wiki/Casting" title="Casting">cast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_arts">Literary arts</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Sonnet18.ogg" title="File:Sonnet18.ogg">Sonnet 18</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="52" data-mwtitle="Sonnet18.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Sonnet18.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Sonnet18.ogg/Sonnet18.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sonnet_18" title="Sonnet 18">Sonnet 18</a></b></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> part of the Fair Youth <a href="/wiki/Sonnet_sequence" title="Sonnet sequence">sequence</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sonnet" title="Sonnet">sonnets</a>.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Literature (also known as <i>literary arts</i> or <i>language arts</i>) is literally "acquaintance with letters", as in the first sense given in the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>. The noun "literature" comes from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">littera</i></span>, meaning "an individual written character (<a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letter</a>)." The term has generally come to identify a collection of <a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">writings</a>, which in <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a> are mainly <a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">prose</a> (both fiction and non-fiction), drama, and poetry. In much, if not all, of the world, artistic linguistic expression can be <a href="/wiki/Oral_literature" title="Oral literature">oral</a> as well and include such <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genres</a> as <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">legend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">myth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">ballad</a>, other forms of oral poetry, and <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folktales</a>. Comics, the combination of drawings or other visual arts with narrating literature, are called the "ninth art" (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">le neuvième art</i></span>) in Francophone scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller200723_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller200723-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing arts</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_martial_arts" title="Outline of martial arts">Outline of martial arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_sports" title="List of sports">List of sports</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bharata_Natyam_Performance_DS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bharata_Natyam_Performance_DS.jpg/150px-Bharata_Natyam_Performance_DS.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bharata_Natyam_Performance_DS.jpg/225px-Bharata_Natyam_Performance_DS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bharata_Natyam_Performance_DS.jpg/300px-Bharata_Natyam_Performance_DS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2357" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a> performer at <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Indian classical dance</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Performing arts comprise dance, music, theatre, <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mime" class="mw-redirect" title="Mime">mime</a>, and other art forms in which human performance is the principal product. Performing arts are distinguished by this performance element in contrast with disciplines such as visual and literary arts, where the product is an object that does not require a performance to be observed and experienced. Each discipline in the performing arts is temporal in nature, meaning the product is performed over a period of time. Products are broadly categorized as being either repeatable (for example, by script or score) or improvised for each performance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHonderich2006_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHonderich2006-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artists who participate in these arts in front of an audience are called <i>performers</i>, including <a href="/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">actors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magic_(illusion)" title="Magic (illusion)">magicians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comedian" title="Comedian">comedians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Dancer">dancers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">musicians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Singer">singers</a>. Performing arts are also supported by the services of other artists or essential workers, such as <a href="/wiki/Songwriting" class="mw-redirect" title="Songwriting">songwriting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stagecraft" title="Stagecraft">stagecraft</a>. Performers adapt their <a href="/wiki/Physical_appearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical appearance">appearance</a> with tools such as <a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">costumes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stage_makeup" class="mw-redirect" title="Stage makeup">stage makeup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance">Dance</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">Dance</a></div> <p>Dance generally refers to human <a href="/wiki/Motion_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion (physics)">movement</a>, either used as a form of expression or presented in a social, <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">spiritual</a>, or performance setting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraleigh19873_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraleigh19873-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Choreography" title="Choreography">Choreography</a> is the art of making dances,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinHalfyard2011§_para._1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinHalfyard2011§_para._1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the person who does this is called a choreographer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinHalfyard2011§_para._3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinHalfyard2011§_para._3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Definitions of what constitutes dance are dependent on <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">social</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural">cultural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesthetic">aesthetic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Artistic">artistic</a>, and moral constraints and range from functional movement (such as <a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">folk dance</a>) to codified <a href="/wiki/Virtuoso" title="Virtuoso">virtuoso</a> techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a>. In sports: gymnastics, <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">figure skating</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">synchronized swimming</a> are dance disciplines. In martial arts, "<a href="/wiki/Kata" title="Kata">kata</a>" is compared to dances.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">Music</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MozartExcerptK331.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MozartExcerptK331.svg/220px-MozartExcerptK331.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MozartExcerptK331.svg/330px-MozartExcerptK331.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MozartExcerptK331.svg/440px-MozartExcerptK331.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Sheet_music" title="Sheet music">musical score</a> of the opening <a href="/wiki/Bar_(music)" title="Bar (music)">measures</a> from <a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_No._11_(Mozart)" title="Piano Sonata No. 11 (Mozart)">Piano Sonata No. 11</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> (<span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/84\/MozartExcerptK331.mid\/MozartExcerptK331.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"MozartExcerptK331.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/MozartExcerptK331.mid/MozartExcerptK331.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:MozartExcerptK331.mid" title="File:MozartExcerptK331.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Music is defined as an art form whose <a href="/wiki/Media_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Media (arts)">medium</a> is a combination of sounds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENettl2001§I_"3._General_encyclopedias":_"There_may_be_disagreement_on_the_need_for_explicit_definition,_but_all_these_works_maintain_that_music_involves_sounds_and_their_combination,_that_it_is_both_art_and_science"_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENettl2001§I_"3._General_encyclopedias":_"There_may_be_disagreement_on_the_need_for_explicit_definition,_but_all_these_works_maintain_that_music_involves_sounds_and_their_combination,_that_it_is_both_art_and_science"-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though scholars agree that music generally consists of <a href="/wiki/Elements_of_music" title="Elements of music">a few core elements</a>, their exact definitions are debated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardner1983104_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner1983104-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commonly identified aspects include <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a> (which governs melody and harmony), <a href="/wiki/Duration_(music)" title="Duration (music)">duration</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a>), intensity (including dynamics), and <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOwen20006_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOwen20006-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though considered a <a href="/wiki/Cultural_universal" title="Cultural universal">cultural universal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Definitions of music">definitions of music</a> vary wildly throughout the world as they are based on diverse views of <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a>, the supernatural, and humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENettl2001§I_"5._Looking_to_the_vernacular_and_to_behaviour"_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENettl2001§I_"5._Looking_to_the_vernacular_and_to_behaviour"-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music is differentiated into <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">composition</a> and performance, while <a href="/wiki/Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">musical improvisation</a> may be regarded as an intermediary tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENettl2001§III_"5._Music_among_the_arts"_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENettl2001§III_"5._Music_among_the_arts"-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music can be divided into genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships between genres are subtle, open to individual interpretation, and controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENettl2001§III_"6._Classification_or_Typology"_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENettl2001§III_"6._Classification_or_Typology"-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">Theatre</a></div> <p>Theatre or theater (from Greek <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">theatron</i></span> (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">θέατρον</span></span>); from <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">theasthai</i></span>, "behold"<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is the branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, dance, sound, and spectacle.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style, theatre takes such forms as opera, ballet, mime, <a href="/wiki/Kabuki" title="Kabuki">kabuki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_Indian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Indian dance">classical Indian dance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_opera" title="Chinese opera">Chinese opera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Multidisciplinary_artistic_works">Multidisciplinary artistic works</h2></div> <p>Areas exist in which artistic works incorporate multiple artistic fields, such as film, opera, and performance art. While opera is often categorized as the performing arts of music, the word itself is Italian for "works", because opera combines artistic disciplines into a singular artistic experience. In a traditional opera, the work uses the following: the sets, costumes, acting, the <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a>, singers and an orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ernestine_Schumann-Heink_as_Waltraute.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ernestine_Schumann-Heink_as_Waltraute.png/220px-Ernestine_Schumann-Heink_as_Waltraute.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ernestine_Schumann-Heink_as_Waltraute.png/330px-Ernestine_Schumann-Heink_as_Waltraute.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ernestine_Schumann-Heink_as_Waltraute.png/440px-Ernestine_Schumann-Heink_as_Waltraute.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Schumann-Heink" title="Ernestine Schumann-Heink">Ernestine Schumann-Heink</a> as Waltraute</figcaption></figure> <p>The composer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a> recognized the fusion of so many disciplines into a single work of opera, exemplified by his cycle <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">Der Ring des Nibelungen</a></i> ("The Ring of the Nibelung"). He did not use the term opera for his works, but instead <a href="/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk" title="Gesamtkunstwerk">Gesamtkunstwerk</a> ("synthesis of the arts"), sometimes referred to as "music drama" in English, emphasizing the literary and theatrical components, which were as important as the music. <a href="/wiki/Classical_ballet" title="Classical ballet">Classical ballet</a> is another form that emerged in the 17th century in which orchestral music is combined with dance.<sup id="cite_ref-Au_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Au-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other works in the late 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries have fused other disciplines in creative ways, such as performance art. Performance art is a performance over time that combines any number of instruments, objects, and art within a predefined or less well-defined structure, some of which can be improvised. Performance art may be scripted, unscripted, random, or carefully organized—even audience participation may occur. <a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a> is regarded by many as a performance artist rather than a composer, although he preferred the latter term. He did not compose for traditional ensembles. Cage's composition <i><a href="/wiki/Living_Room_Music" title="Living Room Music">Living Room Music</a>,</i> composed in 1940, is a quartet for unspecified instruments, really non-melodic objects, that can be found in the living room of a typical house, hence the title.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_arts">Other arts</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Applied_arts">Applied arts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Applied_arts" title="Applied arts">Applied arts</a></div> <p>The applied arts are the application of <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a> and decoration to everyday, functional objects to make them <a href="/wiki/Aesthetically" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesthetically">aesthetically</a> pleasing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilvers200429_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilvers200429-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The applied arts include fields such as <a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">illustration</a>, and commercial art.<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary.com_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary.com-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "applied art" is used in distinction to the <a href="/wiki/Fine_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine arts">fine arts</a>, where the latter is defined as arts that aim to produce objects that are beautiful or provide intellectual stimulation but have no primary everyday function. In practice, the two often overlap. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Video game</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video_games_as_an_art_form" title="Video games as an art form">Video games as an art form</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Video games</a> are multidisciplinary works that include non-controversially artistic elements such as visuals and sound, as well as an emergent experience from the nature of their interactivity. Within the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game community">video game community</a>, debates surround whether video games should be <a href="/wiki/Video_games_as_an_art_form" title="Video games as an art form">classified as an art form</a> and whether <a href="/wiki/Video_game_developer" title="Video game developer">game developers</a>—<a href="/wiki/AAA_(video_game_industry)" title="AAA (video game industry)">AAA</a> or <a href="/wiki/Indie_game" title="Indie game">indie</a>—should be classified as artists.<sup id="cite_ref-pratt_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pratt-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hideo_Kojima" title="Hideo Kojima">Hideo Kojima</a>, a video game designer considered a gaming <a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">auteur</a>, argued in 2006 that video games are a type of service rather than an art form.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibson2006_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibson2006-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker201242_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker201242-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the social sciences, cultural economists show how playing video games is conducive to involvement in more traditional art forms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorowieckiPrieto-Rodriguez2013239–258_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorowieckiPrieto-Rodriguez2013239–258-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_of_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="National Endowment of the Arts">National Endowment of the Arts</a> included video games in its definition of a "work of art",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber2012_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarber2012-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Art Museum">Smithsonian American Art Museum</a> presented an exhibit titled <i>The Art of the Video Game</i> in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker201246_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker201246-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_critique">Arts critique</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_criticism" title="Architecture criticism">Architecture criticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_criticism" title="Art criticism">Art criticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance_criticism" title="Dance criticism">Dance criticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film_criticism" title="Film criticism">Film criticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">Literary criticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_criticism" title="Music criticism">Music criticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_criticism" title="Television criticism">Television criticism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Theatre_criticism" title="Theatre criticism">Theatre criticism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabriel_Cornelius_von_Max,_1840-1915,_Monkeys_as_Judges_of_Art,_1889.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gabriel_Cornelius_von_Max%2C_1840-1915%2C_Monkeys_as_Judges_of_Art%2C_1889.jpg/220px-Gabriel_Cornelius_von_Max%2C_1840-1915%2C_Monkeys_as_Judges_of_Art%2C_1889.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gabriel_Cornelius_von_Max%2C_1840-1915%2C_Monkeys_as_Judges_of_Art%2C_1889.jpg/330px-Gabriel_Cornelius_von_Max%2C_1840-1915%2C_Monkeys_as_Judges_of_Art%2C_1889.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gabriel_Cornelius_von_Max%2C_1840-1915%2C_Monkeys_as_Judges_of_Art%2C_1889.jpg/440px-Gabriel_Cornelius_von_Max%2C_1840-1915%2C_Monkeys_as_Judges_of_Art%2C_1889.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption><i>Monkeys as Judges of Art</i>, 1889, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_von_Max" title="Gabriel von Max">Gabriel von Max</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Art criticism is the discussion or evaluation of art.<sup id="cite_ref-ntifotva_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntifotva-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gemtou2010_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemtou2010-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elkins1996_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elkins1996-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Art_critic" title="Art critic">Art critics</a> usually criticize art in the context of <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a> or the theory of beauty.<sup id="cite_ref-gemtou2010_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemtou2010-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elkins1996_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elkins1996-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A goal of art criticism is the pursuit of a rational basis for art appreciation<sup id="cite_ref-ntifotva_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntifotva-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gemtou2010_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemtou2010-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elkins1996_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elkins1996-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is questionable whether such criticism can transcend prevailing sociopolitical circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The variety of <a href="/wiki/Artistic_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Artistic movements">artistic movements</a> has resulted in a division of art criticism into different disciplines, which may each use different criteria for their judgements.<sup id="cite_ref-elkins1996_80-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elkins1996-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tekiner2006_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tekiner2006-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common division in the field of criticism is between historical criticism and evaluation, a form of <a href="/wiki/Art_history" title="Art history">art history</a>, and contemporary criticism of work by living artists.<sup id="cite_ref-ntifotva_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntifotva-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gemtou2010_79-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemtou2010-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elkins1996_80-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elkins1996-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite perceptions that criticism is a lower-risk activity than making art, opinions of current art are liable to corrections with the passage of time.<sup id="cite_ref-gemtou2010_79-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemtou2010-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics of the past can be ridiculed for dismissing artists now venerated (like the early work of the <a href="/wiki/Impressionists" class="mw-redirect" title="Impressionists">Impressionists</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-elkins1996_80-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elkins1996-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rewald1973_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rewald1973-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ackerman1960_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ackerman1960-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some art movements themselves were named disparagingly by critics, with the name later adopted as a badge of honour by the artists of the style with the original negative meaning forgotten, e.g. Impressionism and <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rewald1973_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rewald1973-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Green_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Green-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fishman1963p6_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishman1963p6-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artists have had an uneasy relationship with their critics. Artists usually need positive opinions from critics for their work to be viewed and purchased.<sup id="cite_ref-gemtou2010_79-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemtou2010-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many variables determine judgement of art such as aesthetics, cognition or perception. Aesthetic, pragmatic, expressive, formalist, relativist, processional, imitation, ritual, cognition, mimetic, and postmodern theories, are some of the many theories to criticize and appreciate art. Art criticism and appreciation can be subjective based on personal preference toward aesthetics and form, or on the elements and principles of design and by social and cultural acceptance.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arts_in_education" title="Arts in education">Arts in education</a></div> <p>Arts in education is a field of <a href="/wiki/Educational_research" title="Educational research">educational research</a> and practice informed by investigations into <a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">learning</a> through arts experiences. In this context, the arts can include <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_education" title="Performing arts education">performing arts education</a> (dance, drama, music), literature and poetry, <a href="/wiki/Storytelling" title="Storytelling">storytelling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_education" title="Visual arts education">visual arts education</a> in film, <a href="/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">craft</a>, design, <a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital art</a>, media and photography.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/The_arts_and_politics" title="The arts and politics">The arts and politics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artivism" title="Artivism">Artivism</a></div> <p>A strong relationship between the arts and politics, particularly between various kinds of art and <a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">power</a>, occurs across history and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">cultures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As they respond to <a href="/wiki/News" title="News">events</a> and politics, the arts take on political as well as social dimensions, becoming themselves a focus of controversy and a force of political and <a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">social change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One observation is that an artist has a <a href="/wiki/Freethought" title="Freethought">free spirit</a>. For instance <a href="/wiki/Pushkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushkin">Pushkin</a>, a well-regarded writer,<sup id="cite_ref-Nab81Censors_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nab81Censors-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attracted the irritation of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian officialdom</a> and particularly <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">the Tsar</a>, since he "instead of being a good servant of the state in the rank and file of the administration and extolling conventional virtues in his vocational writings (if write he must), composed extremely arrogant and extremely independent and extremely wicked verse in which dangerous freedom of thought was evident in the novelty of his versification, in the audacity of his sensual fancy, and in his propensity for making fun of major and minor tyrants."<sup id="cite_ref-Nab81Censors_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nab81Censors-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artists use their work to express their political views and promote social change, from influencing negatively in the form of <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a> to influencing positively through <a href="/wiki/Artivism" title="Artivism">artivism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tuula2020_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tuula2020-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Governments use art, or <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a>, to promote their own agendas.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/28px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/42px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/56px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term 'Dance' is also used to describe the steps or pattern for <a href="/wiki/Choreography" title="Choreography">one particular dance</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;2_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a certain <a href="/wiki/Dance_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance (music)">musical form</a> or <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">genre</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;2b_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;2b-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Dance_party" title="Dance party">social gathering for dancing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;3_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;3-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Motion" title="Motion">motion</a> in inanimate objects (e.g. "the dance of the waters [...] was visible for over a mile around").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;4_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;4-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernandez2024-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernandez2024_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFernandez2024">Fernandez 2024</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Merriam-Webster''2023-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Merriam-Webster''2023_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMerriam-Webster2023"><i>Merriam-Webster</i> 2023</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Oxford''2016-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Oxford''2016_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOxford2016"><i>Oxford</i> 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdajian2007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdajian2007_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdajian2007">Adajian 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorson2020-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorson2020_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThorson2020">Thorson 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanby200533-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanby200533_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCanby2005">Canby 2005</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanby200521,_81-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanby200521,_81_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCanby2005">Canby 2005</a>, p. 21, 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnionsFriedrichsenBurchfield1991994-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnionsFriedrichsenBurchfield1991994_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOnionsFriedrichsenBurchfield1991">Onions, Friedrichsen & Burchfield 1991</a>, p. 994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilmanPeckColby1905-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilmanPeckColby1905_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilmanPeckColby1905">Gilman, Peck & Colby 1905</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenseler2020-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenseler2020_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenseler2020">Henseler 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERowlandsLandauer2001-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowlandsLandauer2001_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRowlandsLandauer2001">Rowlands & Landauer 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller200723-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller200723_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller200723_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller200723_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller2007">Miller 2007</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyynänen202037-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyynänen202037_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyynänen2020">Ryynänen 2020</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDesaiDeSimoneHenig2013-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDesaiDeSimoneHenig2013_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDesaiDeSimoneHenig2013">Desai, DeSimone & Henig 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Heritage_Dictionary-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Heritage_Dictionary_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Heritage_Dictionary_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmerican_Heritage_Dictionary">American Heritage Dictionary</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Etymology_of_architecture_by_etymonline''2022-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Etymology_of_architecture_by_etymonline''2022_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEtymology_of_architecture_by_etymonline2022"><i>Etymology of architecture by etymonline</i> 2022</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChing2012-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChing2012_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChing2012">Ching 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERechtinMaier20007-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERechtinMaier20007_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRechtinMaier2000">Rechtin & Maier 2000</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemery2010-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemery2010_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemery2010">Demery 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2023-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2023_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2023">Evans 2023</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amoca.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/The-Language-of-Ceramic-Art.pdf">"The Language of Ceramic Art"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Museum of Ceramic Art</i>. pp. 1–3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624071131/http://www.amoca.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/The-Language-of-Ceramic-Art.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Museum+of+Ceramic+Art&rft.atitle=The+Language+of+Ceramic+Art&rft.pages=1-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famoca.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F08%2FThe-Language-of-Ceramic-Art.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080602012550/http://artpotterymanufacturers.com/Welcome.html">"Art Pottery Manufacturers and Collectors"</a>. 2 June 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artpotterymanufacturers.com/Welcome.html">the original</a> on 2 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Art+Pottery+Manufacturers+and+Collectors&rft.date=2008-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartpotterymanufacturers.com%2FWelcome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As glass is not a ceramic, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/faq-how-are-glass-ceramics-and-glass-ceramics-defined">Twi global "how are glass ceramics and glass-ceramics-defined?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231228194815/https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/faq-how-are-glass-ceramics-and-glass-ceramics-defined">Archived</a> 28 December 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/c/conceptual-art">"Conceptual art"</a>. <i>Tate</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240604060814/https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/c/conceptual-art">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Four+Basic+Methods+For+Making+A+Sculpture+Are&rft.date=2021-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.modernsculptureartists.com%2F2021%2F07%2F21%2Ffour-basic-methods-for-making-a-sculpture-are%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFardsoltany2023" class="citation web cs1">Fardsoltany, Hamed (11 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metalicoarte.com/post/welding-vs-casting-a-comparative-study-of-metal-art-techniques">"Welding vs. Casting: A Comparative Study of Metal Art Techniques"</a>. <i>Metalicoarte.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231228172450/https://www.metalicoarte.com/post/welding-vs-casting-a-comparative-study-of-metal-art-techniques">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-00-072914-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-00-072914-6"><bdi>978-1-00-072914-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Costume+Designer%27s+Toolkit%3A+The+Process+of+Creating+Effective+Design&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2022-12-15&rft.isbn=978-1-00-072914-6&rft.aulast=Durbin&rft.aufirst=Holly+Poe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraleigh19873-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraleigh19873_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraleigh1987">Fraleigh 1987</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;1-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;1_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOED"><i>OED</i></a>, § 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;2-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;2_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOED"><i>OED</i></a>, § 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;2b-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;2b_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOED"><i>OED</i></a>, § 2b.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;3-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;3_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOED"><i>OED</i></a>, § 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;4-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''OED''§&nbsp;4_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOED"><i>OED</i></a>, § 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinHalfyard2011§_para._1-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinHalfyard2011§_para._1_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodwinHalfyard2011">Goodwin & Halfyard 2011</a>, § para. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodwinHalfyard2011§_para._3-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodwinHalfyard2011§_para._3_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodwinHalfyard2011">Goodwin & Halfyard 2011</a>, § para. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2010" class="citation book cs1">O'Brien, Andrew (2010). <i>The Little Bubishi: A History of Karate for Children</i>. Strategic Book Publishing. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60911-717-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60911-717-7"><bdi>978-1-60911-717-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Little+Bubishi%3A+A+History+of+Karate+for+Children&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Strategic+Book+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60911-717-7&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENettl2001§I_"3._General_encyclopedias":_"There_may_be_disagreement_on_the_need_for_explicit_definition,_but_all_these_works_maintain_that_music_involves_sounds_and_their_combination,_that_it_is_both_art_and_science"-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENettl2001§I_"3._General_encyclopedias":_"There_may_be_disagreement_on_the_need_for_explicit_definition,_but_all_these_works_maintain_that_music_involves_sounds_and_their_combination,_that_it_is_both_art_and_science"_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNettl2001">Nettl 2001</a>, §I "3. General encyclopedias": "There may be disagreement on the need for explicit definition, but all these works maintain that music involves sounds and their combination, that it is both art and science".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner1983104-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardner1983104_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGardner1983">Gardner 1983</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOwen20006-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOwen20006_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOwen2000">Owen 2000</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENettl2001§I_"5._Looking_to_the_vernacular_and_to_behaviour"-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENettl2001§I_"5._Looking_to_the_vernacular_and_to_behaviour"_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNettl2001">Nettl 2001</a>, §I "5. Looking to the vernacular and to behaviour".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENettl2001§III_"5._Music_among_the_arts"-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENettl2001§III_"5._Music_among_the_arts"_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNettl2001">Nettl 2001</a>, §III "5. Music among the arts".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENettl2001§III_"6._Classification_or_Typology"-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENettl2001§III_"6._Classification_or_Typology"_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNettl2001">Nettl 2001</a>, §III "6. Classification or Typology".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper2001–2016" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas (2001–2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=theater&allowed_in_frame=0">"theater (n.)"</a>. Online Etymology Dictionary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161030001050/http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=theater&allowed_in_frame=0">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=theater+%28n.%29&rft.pub=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.date=2001%2F2016&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dtheater%26allowed_in_frame%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/topics/nationaltheaterofthedeaf.htm">"National Theater of the Deaf (NTD)"</a>. <i>www.lifeprint.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231206215027/https://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/topics/nationaltheaterofthedeaf.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lifeprint.com&rft.atitle=National+Theater+of+the+Deaf+%28NTD%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifeprint.com%2Fasl101%2Ftopics%2Fnationaltheaterofthedeaf.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2024" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Steven (26 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10925613">"The performing arts combined: the triad of music, dance, and narrative"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>. <b>15</b>: 1344354. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2024.1344354">10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1344354</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1664-1078">1664-1078</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10925613">10925613</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38469212">38469212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Psychology&rft.atitle=The+performing+arts+combined%3A+the+triad+of+music%2C+dance%2C+and+narrative&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=1344354&rft.date=2024-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10925613%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1664-1078&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38469212&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2024.1344354&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10925613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/Kabuki">"Kabuki | History, Meaning, Costumes, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 13 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240205063019/https://www.britannica.com/art/Kabuki">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Kabuki+%7C+History%2C+Meaning%2C+Costumes%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2FKabuki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rajikapuri.com/indian_dance.html">"Rajika Puri – Indian Dance & Theatre"</a>. <i>www.rajikapuri.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203182944/http://rajikapuri.com/./indian_dance.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rajikapuri.com&rft.atitle=Rajika+Puri+%E2%80%93+Indian+Dance+%26+Theatre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rajikapuri.com%2Findian_dance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lansugarden.org/things-to-do/ongoing-programs/the-art-of-facial-makeup-in-chinese-opera">"The Art of Facial Makeup in Chinese Opera | Lan Su Chinese Garden"</a>. <i>lansugarden.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240605215504/https://lansugarden.org/things-to-do/ongoing-programs/the-art-of-facial-makeup-in-chinese-opera">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lansugarden.org&rft.atitle=The+Art+of+Facial+Makeup+in+Chinese+Opera+%7C+Lan+Su+Chinese+Garden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flansugarden.org%2Fthings-to-do%2Fongoing-programs%2Fthe-art-of-facial-makeup-in-chinese-opera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorabella" class="citation web cs1">Sorabella, Jean. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/opra/hd_opra.htm#:~:text=Independent+Scholar,history,+opera+has+reflected">"The Opera | Essay"</a>. <i>The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Met%27s+Heilbrunn+Timeline+of+Art+History&rft.atitle=The+Opera+%26%23124%3B+Essay&rft.aulast=Sorabella&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fopra%2Fhd_opra.htm%23%3A~%3Atext%3DIndependent%2BScholar%2Chistory%2C%2Bopera%2Bhas%2Breflected&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Au-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Au_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAu2002" class="citation book cs1">Au, Susan (2002). <i>Ballet and Modern Dance</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent+Uganda&rft.atitle=Art+of+Propaganda&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.ug%2Fart-of-propaganda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nab81Censors-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nab81Censors_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nab81Censors_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a> (1981) <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_on_Russian_Literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lectures on Russian Literature (page does not exist)">Lectures on Russian Literature</a></i>, lecture on <i>Russian Writers, Censors, and Readers</i>, pp.13–4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tuula2020-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tuula2020_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJääskeläinen2020" class="citation journal cs1">Jääskeläinen, Tuula (April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1478210319848953">"Countering Hate Speech through Arts and Arts Education: Addressing Intersections and Policy Implications"</a>. <i>Policy Futures in Education</i>. <b>18</b> (3): 344–357. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1478210319848953">10.1177/1478210319848953</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2024</span> – via ERIC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Policy+Futures+in+Education&rft.atitle=Countering+Hate+Speech+through+Arts+and+Arts+Education%3A+Addressing+Intersections+and+Policy+Implications&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=344-357&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1478210319848953&rft.aulast=J%C3%A4%C3%A4skel%C3%A4inen&rft.aufirst=Tuula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F1478210319848953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231229000353/https://www.odysseyroute.com/the-art-of-war-understanding-how-art-was-used-by-governments-to-win-over-people/">"The Art of War: Understanding How Art Was Used by Governments to Win Over People"</a>. 11 July 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odysseyroute.com/the-art-of-war-understanding-how-art-was-used-by-governments-to-win-over-people/">the original</a> on 29 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+War%3A+Understanding+How+Art+Was+Used+by+Governments+to+Win+Over+People&rft.date=2023-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odysseyroute.com%2Fthe-art-of-war-understanding-how-art-was-used-by-governments-to-win-over-people%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanby2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sheila_R._Canby" title="Sheila R. Canby">Canby, Sheila R.</a> (2005). <i>Islamic art in detail</i>. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02390-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02390-1"><bdi>978-0-674-02390-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/69680120">69680120</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+art+in+detail&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2Focm69680120&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02390-1&rft.aulast=Canby&rft.aufirst=Sheila+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilvers2004" class="citation book cs1">Chilvers, Ian (2004). <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Art</i> (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860476-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860476-1"><bdi>978-0-19-860476-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Art&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-860476-1&rft.aulast=Chilvers&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChing2012" class="citation book cs1">Ching, Francis D. K. (16 July 2012). "7". <i>Architecture: Form, Space, and Order</i>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-00482-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-00482-1"><bdi>978-1-118-00482-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7&rft.btitle=Architecture%3A+Form%2C+Space%2C+and+Order&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012-07-16&rft.isbn=978-1-118-00482-1&rft.aulast=Ching&rft.aufirst=Francis+D.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraleigh1987" class="citation book cs1">Fraleigh, Sondra Horton (1987). <i>Dance and the Lived Body: A Descriptive Aesthetics</i>. Pittsburgh: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Press" title="University of Pittsburgh Press">University of Pittsburgh Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-7170-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-7170-2"><bdi>978-0-8229-7170-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dance+and+the+Lived+Body%3A+A+Descriptive+Aesthetics&rft.place=Pittsburgh&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-8229-7170-2&rft.aulast=Fraleigh&rft.aufirst=Sondra+Horton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Gardner" title="Howard Gardner">Gardner, Howard</a> (1983). <i>Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-02508-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-02508-4"><bdi>978-0-465-02508-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frames+of+Mind%3A+The+Theory+of+Multiple+Intelligences&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-465-02508-4&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGianniniBowen2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tula_Giannini" title="Tula Giannini">Giannini, Tula</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bowen" title="Jonathan Bowen">Bowen, Jonathan P.</a>, eds. (2024). <i>The Arts and Computational Culture: Real and Virtual Worlds</i>. Series on Cultural Computing. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-031-53865-0">10.1007/978-3-031-53865-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-53864-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-53864-3"><bdi>978-3-031-53864-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:270801523">270801523</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arts+and+Computational+Culture%3A+Real+and+Virtual+Worlds&rft.series=Series+on+Cultural+Computing&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A270801523%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-031-53865-0&rft.isbn=978-3-031-53864-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodwinHalfyard2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Goodwin" title="Noël Goodwin">Goodwin, Noël</a>; Halfyard, Janet (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199579037.001.0001/acref-9780199579037-e-1379">"Choreography"</a></span>. In Latham, Alison (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Music" title="The Oxford Companion to Music">The Oxford Companion to Music</a></i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-957903-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-957903-7"><bdi>978-0-19-957903-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220721195826/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199579037.001.0001/acref-9780199579037-e-1379">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Choreography&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Music&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-957903-7&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=No%C3%ABl&rft.au=Halfyard%2C+Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199579037.001.0001%2Facref-9780199579037-e-1379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenseler2020" class="citation book cs1">Henseler, Christine, ed. (5 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qDfnDwAAQBAJ&q=the+art+are+part+of+the+humanities"><i>Extraordinary Partnerships: How the Arts and Humanities are Transforming America</i></a>. Lever Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64315-009-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64315-009-3"><bdi>978-1-64315-009-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extraordinary+Partnerships%3A+How+the+Arts+and+Humanities+are+Transforming+America&rft.pub=Lever+Press&rft.date=2020-06-05&rft.isbn=978-1-64315-009-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqDfnDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthe%2Bart%2Bare%2Bpart%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bhumanities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHonderich2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Honderich, Ted, ed. (2006). "Performing Arts". <i>The Oxford Companion to Philosophy</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199264797.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780199264797.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926479-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926479-7"><bdi>978-0-19-926479-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Performing+Arts&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Philosophy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199264797.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-926479-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuntsman2015" class="citation book cs1">Huntsman, Penny (2015). <i>Thinking About Art: A Thematic Guide to Art History</i>. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-90517-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-90517-3"><bdi>978-1-118-90517-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thinking+About+Art%3A+A+Thematic+Guide+to+Art+History&rft.place=Chichester%2C+West+Sussex%2C+UK&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-118-90517-3&rft.aulast=Huntsman&rft.aufirst=Penny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Miller_(comics_scholar)" title="Ann Miller (comics scholar)">Miller, Ann</a> (2007). <i>Reading bande dessinée : critical approaches to French-language comic strip</i>. Intellect Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84150-177-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84150-177-2"><bdi>978-1-84150-177-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+bande+dessin%C3%A9e+%3A+critical+approaches+to+French-language+comic+strip&rft.pub=Intellect+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84150-177-2&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNettl2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Nettl" title="Bruno Nettl">Nettl, Bruno</a> (2001). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000040476">"Music"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Music_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Music Online">Grove Music Online</a></i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.40476">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40476</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0"><bdi>978-1-56159-263-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220418003751/https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000040476">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Music&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.40476&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-263-0&rft.aulast=Nettl&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fgrovemusic%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.001.0001%2Fomo-9781561592630-e-0000040476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/page/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnionsFriedrichsenBurchfield1991" class="citation book cs1">Onions, Charles Talbut; Friedrichsen, George Washington Salisbury; Burchfield, Robert William (1991). <i>The Oxford dictionary of English etymology</i>. Oxford: at The Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861112-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861112-7"><bdi>978-0-19-861112-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+dictionary+of+English+etymology&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=at+The+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861112-7&rft.aulast=Onions&rft.aufirst=Charles+Talbut&rft.au=Friedrichsen%2C+George+Washington+Salisbury&rft.au=Burchfield%2C+Robert+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen2000" class="citation book cs1">Owen, Harold (2000). <i>Music Theory Resource Book</i>. Oxford and New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511539-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511539-0"><bdi>978-0-19-511539-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+Theory+Resource+Book&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-511539-0&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRechtinMaier2000" class="citation book cs1">Rechtin, Eberhardt; Maier, Mark W. (28 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sdincose.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/TheArtOfSystemsEngineering_inaugural.pdf"><i>The Art of Systems Architecting</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Second ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8493-0440-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8493-0440-7"><bdi>0-8493-0440-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240416103055/https://sdincose.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/TheArtOfSystemsEngineering_inaugural.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Systems+Architecting&rft.place=Boca+Raton&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2000-06-28&rft.isbn=0-8493-0440-7&rft.aulast=Rechtin&rft.aufirst=Eberhardt&rft.au=Maier%2C+Mark+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsdincose.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F10%2FTheArtOfSystemsEngineering_inaugural.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyynänen2020" class="citation book cs1">Ryynänen, Max (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1229134245"><i>On the Philosophy of Central European Art: The History of an Institution and Its Global Competitors</i></a>. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-79363-418-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-79363-418-4"><bdi>978-1-79363-418-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1229134245">1229134245</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831105204/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3wGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA37">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Philosophy+of+Central+European+Art%3A+The+History+of+an+Institution+and+Its+Global+Competitors&rft.place=Lanham&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1229134245&rft.isbn=978-1-79363-418-4&rft.aulast=Ryyn%C3%A4nen&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1229134245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Articles</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdajian2007" class="citation web cs1">Adajian, Thomas (2022). Edward N. Zalta (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/art-definition/">"The Definition of Art"</a>. <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=The+Definition+of+Art&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Adajian&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fspr2022%2Fentries%2Fart-definition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorowieckiPrieto-Rodriguez2013" class="citation journal cs1">Borowiecki, Karol J.; Prieto-Rodriguez, Juan (2013). "Video Games Playing: A substitute for cultural consumptions?". <i>Journal of Cultural Economics</i>. <b>39</b> (3): 239–258. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.676.2381">10.1.1.676.2381</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10824-014-9229-y">10.1007/s10824-014-9229-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:49572910">49572910</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Video+Games+Playing%3A+A+substitute+for+cultural+consumptions%3F&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=239-258&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.676.2381%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A49572910%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10824-014-9229-y&rft.aulast=Borowiecki&rft.aufirst=Karol+J.&rft.au=Prieto-Rodriguez%2C+Juan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemery2010" class="citation journal cs1">Demery, Ibrahim Mostafa El (1 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43529965">"Sustainable Architectural Design: Reviving Traditional Design and Adapting Modern Solutions"</a>. <i>International Journal of Architectural Research Archnet-IJAR</i>. <b>4</b> (1). Emerald. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26687%2Farchnet-ijar.v4i1.65">10.26687/archnet-ijar.v4i1.65</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1938-7806">1938-7806</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607164058/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43529965_Sustainable_Architectural_Design_Reviving_Traditional_Design_and_Adapting_Modern_Solutions">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2024</span> – via ResearchGate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Architectural+Research+Archnet-IJAR&rft.atitle=Sustainable+Architectural+Design%3A+Reviving+Traditional+Design+and+Adapting+Modern+Solutions&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2010-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26687%2Farchnet-ijar.v4i1.65&rft.issn=1938-7806&rft.aulast=Demery&rft.aufirst=Ibrahim+Mostafa+El&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F43529965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandez2024" class="citation web cs1">Fernandez, Angel (30 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tccd.edu/magazine/volume-03/issue-02/arts/">"The Importance of Art"</a>. <i>Tarrant County College District</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240601230348/https://www.tccd.edu/magazine/volume-03/issue-02/arts/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tarrant+County+College+District&rft.atitle=The+Importance+of+Art&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=Angel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tccd.edu%2Fmagazine%2Fvolume-03%2Fissue-02%2Farts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeWitt1967" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sol_LeWitt" title="Sol LeWitt">LeWitt, Solomon</a> (June 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artforum.com/print/196706/paragraphs-on-conceptual-art-36719">"Paragraphs on Conceptual Art"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Artforum" title="Artforum">Artforum</a></i>. Vol. 5, no. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726100127/https://www.artforum.com/print/196706/paragraphs-on-conceptual-art-36719">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Artforum&rft.atitle=Paragraphs+on+Conceptual+Art&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=10&rft.date=1967-06&rft.aulast=LeWitt&rft.aufirst=Solomon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artforum.com%2Fprint%2F196706%2Fparagraphs-on-conceptual-art-36719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2012" class="citation journal cs1">Parker, Felan (12 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sfu.ca/loading/index.php/loading/article/view/119/160">"An Art World for Artgames"</a>. <i>Loading..</i>. <b>7</b> (11). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1923-2691">1923-2691</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226143132/http://journals.sfu.ca/loading/index.php/loading/article/viewArticle/119">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"The Music of Painting". <i>The American Scholar</i>. <b>83</b> (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Scholar&rft.atitle=The+Music+of+Painting&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Lincoln&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Online</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber2012" class="citation news cs1">Barber, Bonnie (16 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2012/08/professor-mary-flanagan-participates-white-house-consortium">"Professor Mary Flanagan Participates in White House Consortium"</a>. Dartmouth News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726103117/https://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2012/08/professor-mary-flanagan-participates-white-house-consortium">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Professor+Mary+Flanagan+Participates+in+White+House+Consortium&rft.date=2012-08-16&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Bonnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.dartmouth.edu%2Fnews%2F2012%2F08%2Fprofessor-mary-flanagan-participates-white-house-consortium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2023" class="citation web cs1">Evans, George (16 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commercialarchitecturemagazine.com/role-of-architects-in-shaping-cities-and-communities/">"The Role Of Architects In Shaping Cities And Communities"</a>. <i>Commercial Architecture Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231228153619/https://www.commercialarchitecturemagazine.com/role-of-architects-in-shaping-cities-and-communities/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commercial+Architecture+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Role+Of+Architects+In+Shaping+Cities+And+Communities&rft.date=2023-02-16&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commercialarchitecturemagazine.com%2Frole-of-architects-in-shaping-cities-and-communities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2006" class="citation web cs1">Gibson, Ellie (24 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news240106kojimaart">"Games aren't art, says Kojima"</a>. <i>Eurogamer</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurogamer&rft.atitle=Games+aren%27t+art%2C+says+Kojima&rft.date=2006-01-24&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Ellie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Farticles%2Fnews240106kojimaart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesaiDeSimoneHenig2013" class="citation web cs1">Desai, Trex; DeSimone, Frank; Henig, Sarit (20 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/new-face-french-gastronomy/">"The New Face of French Gastronomy – Knowledge@Wharton"</a>. <i>knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wharton_School_of_the_University_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania">Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912192044/http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/new-face-french-gastronomy/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tate+Glossary&rft.atitle=Conceptual+art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Flearn%2Fonline-resources%2Fglossary%2Fc%2Fconceptual-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213155959/http://arts.endow.gov/grants/apply/AIM-presentation.html">"FY 2012 Arts in Media Guidelines"</a>. <i>Endow.gov</i>. National Endowment for the Arts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arts.endow.gov/grants/apply/AIM-presentation.html">the original</a> on 13 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Endow.gov&rft.atitle=FY+2012+Arts+in+Media+Guidelines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farts.endow.gov%2Fgrants%2Fapply%2FAIM-presentation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlandsLandauer2001" class="citation web cs1">Rowlands, Joseph; Landauer, Jeff (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Esthetics_Main.html">"Esthetics"</a>. <i>Importance of Philosophy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160416105657/http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Esthetics_Main.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Importance+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Esthetics&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Rowlands&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Landauer%2C+Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.importanceofphilosophy.com%2FEsthetics_Main.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorson2020" class="citation web cs1">Thorson, Mark (1 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mlpp.pressbooks.pub/encounterswiththeartsartc150/chapter/byzantine-and-medieval-art-teaching-christianity/">"Byzantine and Medieval Art: Teaching Christianity"</a>. Bethel University Library Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231228144022/https://mlpp.pressbooks.pub/encounterswiththeartsartc150/chapter/byzantine-and-medieval-art-teaching-christianity/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Byzantine+and+Medieval+Art%3A+Teaching+Christianity&rft.pub=Bethel+University+Library+Press&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft.aulast=Thorson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmlpp.pressbooks.pub%2Fencounterswiththeartsartc150%2Fchapter%2Fbyzantine-and-medieval-art-teaching-christianity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Heritage_Dictionary" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=architecture">"The American Heritage Dictionary entry: architecture"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="American Heritage Dictionary">American Heritage Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.atitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+entry%3A+architecture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Darchitecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEtymology_of_architecture_by_etymonline2022" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/architecture#etymonline_v_26495">"Etymology of architecture by etymonline"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i>. 25 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Etymology+of+architecture+by+etymonline&rft.date=2022-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Farchitecture%23etymonline_v_26495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOED" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/47116">"dance, n."</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/OED_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="OED Online">OED Online</a></i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002015651/https://www.oed.com/dictionary/dance_n">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=dance%2C+n.&rft.btitle=OED+Online&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F47116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOxford2016" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160901233826/https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/art">"definition of art in English from the Oxford dictionary"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionaries</i>. 30 July 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/art">the original</a> on 1 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=definition+of+art+in+English+from+the+Oxford+dictionary&rft.date=2016-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerriam-Webster2023" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/the%20arts">"Definition of THE ARTS"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i>. 23 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170601021001/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/the%20arts">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Definition+of+THE+ARTS&rft.date=2023-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fthe%2520arts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmanPeckColby1905" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coit_Gilman" title="Daniel Coit Gilman">Gilman, D. C.</a>; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Quadrivium"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Quadrivium">"Quadrivium" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. XVI (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. <q>The quadrivium consisted of arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Quadrivium&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Barron, Christina (29 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130604201354/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/exhibits/the-art-of-video-games,1215143/critic-review.html">"Museum exhibit asks: Is it art if you push 'start'?"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/exhibits/the-art-of-video-games,1215143/critic-review.html">the original</a> on 4 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Museum+exhibit+asks%3A+Is+it+art+if+you+push+%27start%27%3F&rft.date=2012-04-29&rft.aulast=Barron&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fgog%2Fexhibits%2Fthe-art-of-video-games%2C1215143%2Fcritic-review.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiedrich2015" class="citation journal cs1">Diedrich, Cajus G. (1 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4448875">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Neanderthal bone flutes': simply products of Ice Age spotted hyena scavenging activities on cave bear cubs in European cave bear dens"</a>. <i>Royal Society Open Science</i>. <b>2</b> (4): 140022. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015RSOS....240022D">2015RSOS....240022D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsos.140022">10.1098/rsos.140022</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4448875">4448875</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26064624">26064624</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Royal+Society+Open+Science&rft.atitle=%27Neanderthal+bone+flutes%27%3A+simply+products+of+Ice+Age+spotted+hyena+scavenging+activities+on+cave+bear+cubs+in+European+cave+bear+dens&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=140022&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4448875%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26064624&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsos.140022&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015RSOS....240022D&rft.aulast=Diedrich&rft.aufirst=Cajus+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4448875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman, Richard</a> (1985). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/qedstrangetheory00feyn"><i>QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter</i></a></span>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-02417-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-02417-2"><bdi>978-0-691-02417-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=QED%3A+The+Strange+Theory+of+Light+and+Matter&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-691-02417-2&rft.aulast=Feynman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fqedstrangetheory00feyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHemingway2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway, Ernest</a> (2003) [1932]. "1". <i>Death in the Afternoon</i> (1st Scribner trade pbk. ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Charles Scribner's Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85922-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85922-4"><bdi>978-0-684-85922-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1&rft.btitle=Death+in+the+Afternoon&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st+Scribner+trade+pbk.&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-684-85922-4&rft.aulast=Hemingway&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Kennicott, Philip (18 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130604201354/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/exhibits/the-art-of-video-games,1215143/critic-review.html">"The Art of Video Games"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/exhibits/the-art-of-video-games,1215143/critic-review.html">the original</a> on 4 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Art+of+Video+Games&rft.date=2012-03-18&rft.aulast=Kennicott&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fgog%2Fexhibits%2Fthe-art-of-video-games%2C1215143%2Fcritic-review.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Morley, Iain (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eWhBAQAAQBAJ"><i>The Prehistory of Music: Human Evolution, Archaeology, and the Origins of Musicality</i></a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923408-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923408-0"><bdi>978-0-19-923408-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002015645/https://books.google.com/books?id=eWhBAQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prehistory+of+Music%3A+Human+Evolution%2C+Archaeology%2C+and+the+Origins+of+Musicality&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923408-0&rft.aulast=Morley&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeWhBAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._Fleur2018" class="citation news cs1">St. Fleur, Nicholas (12 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/12/science/oldest-drawing-ever-found.html">"Oldest Known Drawing by Human Hands Discovered in South African Cave"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200414094752/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/12/science/oldest-drawing-ever-found.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Oldest+Known+Drawing+by+Human+Hands+Discovered+in+South+African+Cave&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft.aulast=St.+Fleur&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F09%2F12%2Fscience%2Foldest-drawing-ever-found.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValéry1935" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Valéry, Paul (1 November 1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lanrf.fr/lanouvellerevuefranaise19091943/29218_la-nrf_266_novembre-1935.html">"Notion générale de l'art"</a> [General concept of art] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Revue_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Nouvelle Revue Française">Nouvelle Revue Française</a></i> (in French). Vol. 24, no. 266. Paris: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Gallimard" title="Éditions Gallimard">Éditions Gallimard</a>. pp. 683–693. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-07-239508-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-07-239508-6"><bdi>978-2-07-239508-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608033242/https://www.lanrf.fr/lanouvellerevuefranaise19091943/29218_la-nrf_266_novembre-1935.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nouvelle+Revue+Fran%C3%A7aise&rft.atitle=Notion+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+l%27art&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=266&rft.pages=683-693&rft.date=1935-11-01&rft.isbn=978-2-07-239508-6&rft.aulast=Val%C3%A9ry&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lanrf.fr%2Flanouvellerevuefranaise19091943%2F29218_la-nrf_266_novembre-1935.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Camp2006" class="citation web cs1">Van Camp, Julie (22 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.csulb.edu/~jvancamp/361_r8.html">"Congressional definition of 'the arts'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>PHIL 361I: Philosophy of Art</i>. <a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Long_Beach" title="California State University, Long Beach">California State University, Long Beach</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160729085109/http://web.csulb.edu/~jvancamp/361_r8.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PHIL+361I%3A+Philosophy+of+Art&rft.atitle=Congressional+definition+of+%27the+arts%27&rft.date=2006-11-22&rft.aulast=Van+Camp&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.csulb.edu%2F~jvancamp%2F361_r8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+arts" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>The arts</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=The+arts&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=The+arts">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=The+arts&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/art">Topic Dictionaries</a> at Oxford Learner's Dictionaries.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805225612/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/art">Definition of Art</a> by Lexico.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>The arts</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arts" class="extiw" title="wikt:arts">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_arts" class="extiw" title="c:Category:The arts">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/42px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Arts" class="extiw" title="v:Arts">Resources</a></b> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Humanities" title="Template:Humanities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Humanities" title="Template talk:Humanities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Humanities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Humanities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Humanities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;height:2.5em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Classical studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Literary_arts">Language arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">Filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Interdisciplinary_fields" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdisciplinary fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_humanities" title="Digital humanities">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_humanities" title="Environmental humanities">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_humanities" title="Health humanities">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_humanities" title="Medical humanities">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_humanities" title="Public humanities">Public</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abductive_reasoning" title="Abductive reasoning">Abductive reasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipositivism" title="Antipositivism">Antipositivism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty" title="Beauty">Beauty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belles-lettres" title="Belles-lettres">Belles-lettres</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bildung" title="Bildung">Bildung</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism" title="Criticism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_literacy" title="Cultural literacy">Cultural literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_culture" title="High culture">High</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_knowledge" title="General knowledge">General knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Historicism" title="Historicism">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_condition" title="Human condition">Human condition</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanitas" title="Humanitas">Humanitas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_education" title="Liberal arts education">Liberal arts education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trivium" title="Trivium">Trivium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrivium" title="Quadrivium">Quadrivium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">Ontology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_character" title="Moral character">Moral character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-realization" title="Self-realization">Self-realization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-reflection" title="Self-reflection">Self-reflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_of_art" title="Work of art">Work of art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Archaeology" title="American Journal of Archaeology">American Journal of Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalus_(journal)" title="Daedalus (journal)">Daedalus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Humanities" title="History of Humanities">History of Humanities</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitas_(journal)" title="Humanitas (journal)">Humanitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_Communications" title="Humanities and Social Sciences Communications">Humanities and Social Sciences Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Controversial_Ideas" title="Journal of Controversial Ideas">Journal of Controversial Ideas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Asiatic_Society" title="Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society">Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(journal)" title="Leonardo (journal)">Leonardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Religio" title="Nova Religio">Nova Religio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revue_des_%C3%89tudes_Arm%C3%A9niennes" title="Revue des Études Arméniennes">Revue des Études Arméniennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_Philosophy" title="Teaching Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanities_journals" title="List of humanities journals">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Humanities_Research_Council" title="Arts and Humanities Research Council">Arts and Humanities Research Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_science" title="Human science">Human science</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Geisteswissenschaft" title="Geisteswissenschaft">Geisteswissenschaft</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities,_arts,_and_social_sciences" title="Humanities, arts, and social sciences">Humanities, arts, and social sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Humanities" title="Master of Humanities">Master of Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_University_for_the_Humanities" title="Moscow University for the Humanities">Moscow University for the Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Humanities_Medal" title="National Humanities Medal">National Humanities Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antihumanism" title="Antihumanism">Antihumanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philistinism" title="Philistinism">Philistinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_culture#Criticism" title="Popular culture">Criticism of mass culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_essentialism" title="Educational essentialism">Educational essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities_in_the_United_States" title="Humanities in the United States">Humanities in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_considered_a_founder_in_a_Humanities_field" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field">List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_humanities" title="Outline of the humanities">Outline of the humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">Renaissance humanism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latin_school#Studia_Humanitatis" title="Latin school">Studia Humanitatis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Visual_arts_and_the_art_world" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Art_world" title="Template:Art world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Art_world" title="Template talk:Art world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Art_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Art world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Visual_arts_and_the_art_world" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Art_world" title="Art world">art world</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_artifact" title="Cultural artifact">Cultural artifact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">Fine art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_media" title="Mixed media">Mixed media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage">bricolage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">Mural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_art_history" title="Media art history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_art" title="Virtual art">virtual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_arts" title="Plastic arts">Plastic arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">Printmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">street art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carving" title="Carving">carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_statues" title="List of tallest statues">tallest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site-specific_art" title="Site-specific art">Site-specific art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_sculpture" title="Social sculpture">Social sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_sculpture" title="Soft sculpture">Soft sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artwork_title" title="Artwork title">Artwork title</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">Artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_collection" title="Private collection">Collector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservator-restorer" title="Conservator-restorer">Conservator-restorer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paintings_conservator" title="Paintings conservator">paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_frescos" title="Conservation and restoration of frescos">frescos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_critic" title="Art critic">Critic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">Dealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_(art)" title="Model (art)">Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">Patron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_education" title="Visual arts education">Visual arts education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_universities_and_colleges_in_Europe" title="List of art universities and colleges in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places<br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_auction" title="Art auction">Art auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_colony" title="Art colony">Art colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Art commune">Art commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_exhibition" title="Art exhibition">Art exhibition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_exhibition_space" title="Alternative exhibition space">alternative exhibition space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">Art gallery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art_gallery" title="Contemporary art gallery">Contemporary art gallery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">Art museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-artist_museum" title="Single-artist museum">Single-artist museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">Art school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_schools_in_Europe" title="List of art schools in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_centre" title="Arts centre">Arts centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_festival" title="Arts festival">Arts festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_collective" title="Artist collective">Artist collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_cooperative" title="Artist cooperative">Artist cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-in-residence" title="Artist-in-residence">Artist-in-residence program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_space" title="Artist-run space">Artist-run space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennale" title="Biennale">Biennale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_(art)" title="Commission (art)">Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_garden" title="Sculpture garden">Sculpture garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_trail" title="Sculpture trail">Sculpture trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_museum" title="Virtual museum">Virtual museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_art" title="Timeline of art">Timeline of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_history" title="Art history">Art history (academic study)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">Art manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">Art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_criticism" title="Art criticism">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_criticism" title="Feminist art criticism">feminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting" title="History of painting">History of painting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_painting_history" title="Outline of painting history">outline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">Periods in Western art history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_20th_century_printmaking_in_America" title="Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America">Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_market" title="Art market">Art market</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The arts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_raisonn%C3%A9" title="Catalogue raisonné">Catalogue raisonné</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classificatory_disputes_about_art" title="Classificatory disputes about art">Classificatory disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_Management_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Collection Management Policy">Museum collection management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deaccessioning_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaccessioning (museum)">deaccessioning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage">Conservation-restoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_paintings" title="Conservation and restoration of paintings">paintings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policy" title="Cultural policy">Cultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destination_painting" title="Destination painting">Destination painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_art" title="Eclecticism in art">Eclecticism in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_the_arts_and_literature" title="Economics of the arts and literature">Economics of art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_finance" title="Art finance">art finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_valuation" title="Art valuation">art valuation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_art" title="Elements of art">Elements of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_painting-related_articles" title="Index of painting-related articles">Index of painting-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_visual_arts" title="Outline of the visual arts">Outline of the visual arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_painting" title="Outline of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_sculpture" title="Outline of sculpture">sculpture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">Provenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_art" title="Sociology of art">Sociology of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(visual_arts)" title="Style (visual arts)">Style</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_magazines" title="List of art magazines">Art magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_media" title="List of art media">Art media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_techniques" title="List of art techniques">Art techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">Art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_museums" title="List of art museums">Art museums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_art_museums" title="List of largest art museums">largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_art_museums" title="List of most-visited art museums">most visited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculpture_parks" title="List of sculpture parks">sculpture parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_single-artist_museums" title="List of single-artist museums">single artist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_reference_books" title="List of art reference books">Art reference books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colossal_sculptures_in_situ" title="List of colossal sculptures in situ">Colossal sculptures in situ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_artists" title="List of contemporary artists">Contemporary artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_art_galleries" title="List of contemporary art galleries">Contemporary art galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_artists" title="List of modern artists">Modern artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_galleries" title="List of national galleries">National galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_painters" title="Lists of painters">Painters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_painters_by_name" title="List of painters by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_painters_by_nationality" title="Lists of painters by nationality">by nationality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptors" title="List of sculptors">Sculptors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_sculptors" title="List of female sculptors">female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stolen_paintings" title="List of stolen paintings">Stolen paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings" title="List of most expensive paintings">Most expensive paintings</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_sculptures" title="List of most expensive sculptures">sculptures</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_artworks_by_living_artists" title="List of most expensive artworks by living artists">works by living artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Painting" title="Portal:Painting">Painting portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts" title="Portal:Visual arts">Visual arts portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Arts">Arts portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2018526#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2018526#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2018526#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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