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id="toc-Village_limits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Place-names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Place-names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Place-names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Place-names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toponymy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponymy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Toponymy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Toponymy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Toponymy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Toponymy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_appearances_in_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_appearances_in_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>First appearances in texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_appearances_in_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Undersurface_geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Undersurface_geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Undersurface geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Undersurface_geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Superficial_geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superficial_geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Superficial geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superficial_geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prehistory subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_human_settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_human_settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Early human settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_human_settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gaulish_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaulish_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Gaulish times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaulish_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_time" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_time"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Roman time</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_time-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankish_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankish_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Frankish Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankish_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English_rule_over_Northern_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_rule_over_Northern_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.1</span> <span>English rule over Northern France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_rule_over_Northern_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habsburg_Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habsburg_Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.2</span> <span>Habsburg Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habsburg_Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_Netherlands_period_and_Dutch_Reformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_Netherlands_period_and_Dutch_Reformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Spanish Netherlands period and Dutch Reformation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_Netherlands_period_and_Dutch_Reformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>French rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>French Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_French_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_French_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>First French Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_French_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9</span> <span>World wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-War_monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9.1</span> <span>War monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accommodations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accommodations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Accommodations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accommodations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Social life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ledringhem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringem" title="Ledringem – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ledringem" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ледренгем – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ледренгем" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringem" title="Ledringem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ledringem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="ЛедгӀенгем – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ЛедгӀенгем" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ледренгем – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ледренгем" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ледренгем – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ледренгем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ледренгем – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ледренгем" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ледренгем – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ледренгем" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringem" title="Ledringem – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ledringem" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ledringhem" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9B%96%E5%A7%86" title="勒德兰盖姆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="勒德兰盖姆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ledringhem&params=50.8553_N_2.4417_E_type:city(629)_region:FR-HDF"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°51′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°26′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.8553°N 2.4417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.8553; 2.4417</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ledinghem" title="Ledinghem">Ledinghem</a>, a village in the Pas-de-Calais department.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ledringhem" title="Special:EditPage/Ledringhem">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ledringhem%22">"Ledringhem"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ledringhem%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ledringhem%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ledringhem%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ledringhem%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ledringhem%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Ledringhem</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}">Ledringem</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">Commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ledringhem_church_and_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Ledringhem church, graveyard and town hall"><img alt="View of Ledringhem church, graveyard and town hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ledringhem_church_and_hall.jpg/270px-Ledringhem_church_and_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ledringhem_church_and_hall.jpg/405px-Ledringhem_church_and_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ledringhem_church_and_hall.jpg/540px-Ledringhem_church_and_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="439" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">View of Ledringhem church, graveyard and town hall</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_(59)_Nord-France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Ledringhem"><img alt="Coat of arms of Ledringhem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_%2859%29_Nord-France.svg/73px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_%2859%29_Nord-France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_%2859%29_Nord-France.svg/109px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_%2859%29_Nord-France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_%2859%29_Nord-France.svg/145px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_%2859%29_Nord-France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Ledringhem</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="12" data-overlays="["_2da40d6ec0ed020ed7ed2906f1bf9780d061f576"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ledringhem&revid=1254734198&groups=_2da40d6ec0ed020ed7ed2906f1bf9780d061f576" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ledringhem&revid=1254734198&groups=_2da40d6ec0ed020ed7ed2906f1bf9780d061f576 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ledringhem is located in France"><img alt="Ledringhem is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.14%;left:52.163%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ledringhem"><img alt="Ledringhem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ledringhem</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ledringhem is located in Hauts-de-France"><img alt="Ledringhem is located in Hauts-de-France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg/270px-Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg/405px-Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg/540px-Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1570" data-file-height="1742" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.524%;left:39.631%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ledringhem"><img alt="Ledringhem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ledringhem</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Hauts-de-France</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ledringhem&params=50.8553_N_2.4417_E_type:city(629)_region:FR-HDF"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°51′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°26′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.8553°N 2.4417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.8553; 2.4417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Dunkerque" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrondissement of Dunkerque">Dunkerque</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Wormhout" title="Canton of Wormhout">Wormhout</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_de_communes_des_Hauts_de_Flandre" title="Communauté de communes des Hauts de Flandre">Hauts de Flandre</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Christian Delassus<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7.01 km<sup>2</sup> (2.71 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">629</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">90/km<sup>2</sup> (230/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-59338">59338</a> /59470</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">11–26 m (36–85 ft) <br />(avg. 19 m or 62 ft)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ledringhem</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[lədʁɛ̃ɡɛm]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/West_Flemish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Flemish language">West Flemish</a>: <i lang="vls">Ledringem</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is situated also in the ancient territory of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a>, in the <i><a href="/wiki/Houtland_(France)" title="Houtland (France)">Houtland</a></i> (or <i>woodland</i>, with the cities of <a href="/wiki/Cassel,_Nord" title="Cassel, Nord">Cassel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hazebrouck" title="Hazebrouck">Hazebrouck</a>) in the <i>Franse Westhoek</i> (<i>French Western corner</i>) where <a href="/wiki/French_Flemish" title="French Flemish">French Flemish</a> was still spoken until recently. </p><p>The residents of Ledringhem are called in French <i>Ledringhemois</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LocatieLedringem.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/LocatieLedringem.PNG/220px-LocatieLedringem.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/LocatieLedringem.PNG/330px-LocatieLedringem.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/LocatieLedringem.PNG/440px-LocatieLedringem.PNG 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Ledringhem in the arrondissement of Dunkirk</figcaption></figure> <p>The village is about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southwest of the small town of <a href="/wiki/Wormhout" title="Wormhout">Wormhout</a>, and approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Cassel,_Nord" title="Cassel, Nord">Cassel</a>. Bigger cities are <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a> further to the north and <a href="/wiki/Hazebrouck" title="Hazebrouck">Hazebrouck</a> further to the south. </p><p>Ledringhem is crossed by the small river <a href="/wiki/Peene_Becque" title="Peene Becque">Peene Becque</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a tributary of the Franco-Belgian river Yser and there is one shorter tributary, the <i>Lyncke Becque</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> passing closer to the village center. Other small rivers are <i>Trommels Becque</i>, <i>Putte Becque</i>, <i>Platse Becque</i> and <i>Kaliszewski Becque</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The climate in Ledringhem is oceanic with a mild summer (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen Classification">Köppen Classification</a> : Cfb). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Village_limits">Village limits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Village limits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_commune_FR_insee_code_59338.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Map_commune_FR_insee_code_59338.png/220px-Map_commune_FR_insee_code_59338.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Map_commune_FR_insee_code_59338.png/330px-Map_commune_FR_insee_code_59338.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Map_commune_FR_insee_code_59338.png/440px-Map_commune_FR_insee_code_59338.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>Map</figcaption></figure> <p>The river Peene Becque constitutes the southern border between Ledringhem and <a href="/wiki/Arn%C3%A8ke" title="Arnèke">Arnèke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zermezeele" title="Zermezeele">Zermezeele</a>. It is also the South-Eastern limit with Wormhout until the limit crosses a field between <i>rue des postes</i> and <i>rue de la Forgé</i>. The North-Eastern limit with Wormhout is <i>rue Louis Patoor</i>. The village Western limit with <a href="/wiki/Arn%C3%A8ke" title="Arnèke">Arnèke</a> is <i>Voie romaine</i> (D52). The Northern limit with <a href="/wiki/Esquelbecq" title="Esquelbecq">Esquelbecq</a> is <i>chemin de Rubrouck</i>. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Ledringhem" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Ledringhem" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Ledringhem</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td>Zeggerscappel</td> <td>Esquelbecq</td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%">Arnèke</td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Ledringhem</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%">Wormhout</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td>Zermezeele</td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Place-names">Place-names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Place-names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The village center consists of the main square (<i>La Place</i>), the church, the cemetery, the town's hall and the village park, forming an islet nested in a large turn of the <i>route de Wormhout</i>. </p><p>There are two <a href="/wiki/Subdivision_(land)" title="Subdivision (land)">subdivisions</a>: </p> <ul><li><i>La campagnarde</i> is a more modern part of the village in comparison with the rest of the built patrimony, situated in the west.</li> <li>Another modern neighborough dating 2005 is situated at the former place of the village windmill, destroyed during World War II, at the east. The newly built road serving this neighborhood is called <i>route du moulin</i> (wind mill road).</li></ul> <p>Other locations (<i><a href="/wiki/Lieu-dit" title="Lieu-dit">Lieux-dits</a></i>) are called <i>Bas de la Plaine</i>, <i>La Belette</i>, <i>La Butte</i>, <i>La Motte</i>, <i>La Plaine</i>, <i>La Potence</i>, <i>Le Baron</i>, <i>Les Grenouilles</i>, <i>Les Tambours</i>, <i>Oost Houck</i> (coin de l'Est), <i>Planckeel</i> (Planckael), <i>Sainte Anne</i>, <i>Tampon court</i> and <i>Zinkepit</i>. </p><p>Ledringhem is situated on the D55 road (actually called <i>route de Wormhout</i> towards Wormhout in the North-East direction and <i>route d'<a href="/wiki/Arn%C3%A8ke" title="Arnèke">Arnèke</a></i> in the West direction). <br />Other smaller roads include <i>rue Henri Wallaert</i>, <i>chemin d'<a href="/wiki/Esquelbecq" title="Esquelbecq">Esquelbecq</a></i>, <i>petit chemin d'Esquelbecq</i> (north directions), <i>chemin de Bodeye</i>, <i>chemin de la chapelle</i>, <i>chemin de la pâture grasse</i>, <i>chemin de Steenvoorde</i>, <i>chemin des postes</i>, <i>chemin des prairies</i>, <i>chemin d'Heenhout</i>, <i>chemin du moulin</i>, <i>chemin du tétard borne</i> and <i>voie nouvelle</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />The village is a little off the ancient <a href="/wiki/Roman_road_(D52)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman road (D52)">Roman road</a>, now D52, roughly North-South in direction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;padding:5px 8px;width:120px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_(59)_Nord-France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of Ledringhem"><img alt="Arms of Ledringhem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_%2859%29_Nord-France.svg/120px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_%2859%29_Nord-France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_%2859%29_Nord-France.svg/180px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_%2859%29_Nord-France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_%2859%29_Nord-France.svg/240px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Ledringhem_%2859%29_Nord-France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Ledringhem</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;">The arms of Ledringhem are <a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">blazoned</a> :<br /><i>Gules, a chevron ermine between 3 pierced mullets of six argent.</i> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_appearances_in_texts">First appearances in texts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First appearances in texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The place-name is first mentioned <i>Leodringas</i> in 723 : "<i>Leodringas</i> mansiones infra Mempisco" in the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/Cartulary" title="Cartulary">cartulary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Bertin" title="Abbey of Saint Bertin">St Bertin</a>'s whose first part is credited to <a href="/wiki/Folquin" class="mw-redirect" title="Folquin">St Folquin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This text relates a sale act written in 723 where the names given are <i>Leodringas mansiones</i> or <i>Leodringae mansiones</i>. It is thought that Leodringas is a Latin form of <i>Ledring</i> while <a href="/wiki/Mansio" title="Mansio">mansiones</a> were official stopping places on a Roman road and <i>Mempisco</i> refers to the <a href="/wiki/Pagus" title="Pagus">Pagus</a> <a href="/wiki/Pagus_Mempiscus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagus Mempiscus">Mempiscus</a>, an administrative subdivision in the territory of the Flanders at the time. In this sale act, the owner, who is described as having a considerable wealth, was named Rigobert, whereas the buyer was Sitdiu's (Saint-Omer) abbot.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ledringehem</i> ar. 1090<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Lidringhere</i> in 1207 (titre de l'abbaye de Blandecques [Mir.]),</li> <li><i>Ledringhien</i> in 1330 (<i>manuscrit de la bataille de Cassel</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Pirenne_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pirenne-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Leodredingas</i> in 1614–1616<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Ferry_de_Locre" title="Ferry de Locre">Ferry de Locre</a> (Ferreolus Locrius)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in p. 86 of his <i>Chronicum belgicum</i> (<i>Chronicon belgicum, ab anno CCLVIII ad annum usque M.D.C. continuo perductum.</i>) Atrecht (Arras),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a work published posthumously by his father Philippus Locrius</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quad_Flandria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Quad_Flandria.jpg/220px-Quad_Flandria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Quad_Flandria.jpg/330px-Quad_Flandria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Quad_Flandria.jpg/440px-Quad_Flandria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3345" data-file-height="2498" /></a><figcaption>1609 map of the county of Flanders by <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Quad" title="Matthias Quad">Matthias Quad</a> (cartographer) and <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Bussemacher" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Bussemacher">Johannes Bussemacher</a> (engraver & publisher, Cologne)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>Leregem</i> in 1609 (<a href="/wiki/Matthias_Quad" title="Matthias Quad">Matthias Quad</a>'s map <i>Flandriae Descriptio</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Leodringas</i> in 1639 (<a href="/wiki/Jacques_Malbrancq" title="Jacques Malbrancq">Jacques Malbrancq</a>'s <i>De Morinis et Morinorum rebus, sylvis, paludibus, oppidis, regia comitum prosapia ac territoriis</i>, Tomus Primus, ab anno ante Christum 309 ad annum eiusdem 751, Tornaci Nerviorum, 1639)<sup id="cite_ref-AnnalesSocBruges_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnnalesSocBruges-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Leregem</i> in 1645 (<a href="/wiki/Joan_Blaeu" title="Joan Blaeu">Joan Blaeu</a>'s map <i>Artesia Comitatus Artois</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ledrenghem</i> in 1757 (14th sheet of <a href="/wiki/French_cartography#Cassini_maps" class="mw-redirect" title="French cartography">Cassini's map</a>, the village is pictured as a parish with a wooden wind mill)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An ancient and legendary explanation is that the name comes from the Latin form (<i>Ledera</i>) of the name of a local brook called the <i>Leder</i>. This explanation, given in tome II, page 572 of <a href="/wiki/Flandria_Illustrata" title="Flandria Illustrata">Flandria Illustrata</a> (1641), and though doubtful, is also provided for the name of nearby village <a href="/wiki/Lederzeele" title="Lederzeele">Lederzeele</a>. It comes from <a href="/wiki/Anton_Sander" class="mw-redirect" title="Anton Sander">Sanderus</a> (1586–1664) who wrote, citing Malbrancq: <i>Lederam pluribus ab ortu suo pagis nomem communicantem</i> (The Leder was the source of many country names).<sup id="cite_ref-AnnalesSocBruges_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnnalesSocBruges-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LesFlamandsdFrance_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LesFlamandsdFrance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In reality, the place-name <b>Ledringhem</b> is typical Germanic, with the common Germanic double end <i>-ing-hem</i> (name suffix + toponymic appellative) found everywhere in Flanders, corresponding exactly to the English one <i>-ing-ham</i> (e. g. <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>). This <i>-ing-hem</i> turned into <i>-egem</i> where Flemish-Dutch continued to be spoken, but remained the same <i>-ing-hem</i> where the <a href="/wiki/Picard_language" title="Picard language">Picard language</a> replaced the Flemish one in the Middle Ages. The French language has retained the old version, and often frenchified it as <i>-eng-hien</i> or <i>-ing-hien</i> (see above <i>Ledringhien</i> in 1330, similar to <a href="/wiki/Enghien" title="Enghien">Enghien</a> for instance) but the existence of the evoluted Dutch form is attested : <i>Ledregem</i> in the 17th century. </p><p>The only problem that divides the specialists (the "toponymists") is the right identification of the personal name (male's name) contained in this place-name. </p><p>The current name Ledringhem could be of <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> origin, with the <i>-hem</i> particle meaning "home" and <i>Ledring-</i> being the genitive form of <i>Leodro</i>, a common given name at the time,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who could have been a local chief. <i>Hem</i> is the same word as Old English <i>hām</i> (home), the <a href="/wiki/Old_Low_Franconian" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Low Franconian">Old Low Franconian</a> form would have been <i>*haim</i>. </p><p>Another explanation for the name etymology is the Old Low Franconian <i>*Liuthari-ing-haim</i> "home of Luithari's people".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ernest_N%C3%A8gre" title="Ernest Nègre">Ernest Nègre</a> notices that the Germanic <i>-heim</i> (sic) is precisely rendered by the Latin <i>mansiones</i> in the earliest document. He hesitates about the personal name contained in this place-name, but believes that it is probably <i>Liutradus</i> instead of <i>Liuthari</i> supported by <a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Morlet" title="Marie-Thérèse Morlet">Marie-Thérèse Morlet</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after <a href="/wiki/Albert_Dauzat" title="Albert Dauzat">Albert Dauzat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rostaing" title="Charles Rostaing">Charles Rostaing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Anglo-Saxon history specialist <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Henry_Haigh" title="Daniel Henry Haigh">Daniel Henry Haigh</a> (1819—1879) noticed that the village could share a common etymology with the civil parish of <a href="/wiki/Letheringham" title="Letheringham">Letheringham</a> in Suffolk, England.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this theory of a Saxon or Anglo-Saxon origin is supported nowadays by linguists that analysed toponyms thought before to be Franconian as Saxon afterwards. Numerous archeological sites in the northern part of France along the channel coast show a very strong Saxon and Anglo-Saxon influence in the early Middle Ages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Undersurface_geology">Undersurface geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Undersurface geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AVALONIA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/AVALONIA.jpg/220px-AVALONIA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/AVALONIA.jpg/330px-AVALONIA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/AVALONIA.jpg/440px-AVALONIA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption>Actual lands (with country boundaries) having been part of Avalonia terrane.</figcaption></figure> <p>The territory of Ledringhem was part of the microcontinent <a href="/wiki/Avalonia" title="Avalonia">Avalonia</a> in the Paleozoic era. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Euramerica" title="Euramerica">Euramerica</a>, also known as Laurussia, was a landmass created in the <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> as the result of a collision between the Laurentian, Baltica, and Avalonia cratons. Euramerica became a part of the supercontinent Pangaea in the Permian. </p><p>In the Jurassic, when Pangaea rifted into two continents, Gondwana and Laurasia, Euramerica was a part of Laurasia. </p><p>In the Cretaceous, Laurasia split into the continents of North America and Eurasia. The Laurentian craton became a part of North America while Baltica became a part of Eurasia, and Avalonia was split between the two. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avalonia_Baltica_Sarmatia_geologi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Avalonia_Baltica_Sarmatia_geologi.png/220px-Avalonia_Baltica_Sarmatia_geologi.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Avalonia_Baltica_Sarmatia_geologi.png/330px-Avalonia_Baltica_Sarmatia_geologi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Avalonia_Baltica_Sarmatia_geologi.png/440px-Avalonia_Baltica_Sarmatia_geologi.png 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="901" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Ledringhem lies on the <a href="/wiki/London-Brabant_Massif" class="mw-redirect" title="London-Brabant Massif">London-Brabant Massif</a>, a structural high or massif that stretches from the Rhineland in western Germany across northern Belgium (in the province of Brabant) and the North Sea to the sites of East Anglia and the middle Thames in southern England. The London–Brabant Massif is part of the former microcontinent Avalonia. The formation formed an island at some point in geological time. As the island was drifting past the Equator during the Carboniferous, on the shores grew a rich tropical forest swamp. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superficial_geology">Superficial geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Superficial geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ledringhem is situated in the <a href="/wiki/Cenozoic_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Cenozoic Era">Cenozoic Era</a> <a href="/wiki/Bassin_de_Flandre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassin de Flandre">Bassin de Flandre</a> of French regional geology. It is north of the <a href="/wiki/Weald%E2%80%93Artois_Anticline" title="Weald–Artois Anticline">Weald–Artois Anticline</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weichsel-W%C3%BCrm-Glaciation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Weichsel-W%C3%BCrm-Glaciation.png/350px-Weichsel-W%C3%BCrm-Glaciation.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Weichsel-W%C3%BCrm-Glaciation.png/525px-Weichsel-W%C3%BCrm-Glaciation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Weichsel-W%C3%BCrm-Glaciation.png/700px-Weichsel-W%C3%BCrm-Glaciation.png 2x" data-file-width="1475" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Europe during Weichselian- & Würm-Glaciation</figcaption></figure> <p>The evidences of the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last glacial period</a>, alternatively named <i>Weichsel glaciation</i> or <i>Vistulian glaciation</i> in Europe, suggest that the ice sheets were at their maximum size for only a short period, between 25,000 to 13,000 <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum" title="Last Glacial Maximum">glacial maximum</a> in Scandinavia, only the western parts of <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a> were ice-free, and a large part of what is today the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> was dry land connecting Jutland with Britain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_human_settlements">Early human settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Early human settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hallstatt_LaTene.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/450px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption>Overview of the <a href="/wiki/Hallstatt_culture" title="Hallstatt culture">Hallstatt</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène cultures</a>. The core Hallstatt territory (800 BCE) is shown in solid yellow, the area of influence by 500 BCE (HaD) in light yellow. The core territory of the La Tène culture (450 BCE) is shown in solid green, the eventual area of La Tène influence by 50 BCE in light green. The territories of some major <a href="/wiki/Celtic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic tribes">Celtic tribes</a> are labelled. Map drawn after <i>Atlas of the Celtic World</i>, by John Haywood (2001: 30–37).</figcaption></figure> <p>The territory of Northern France is part of the areas of influence of the <a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker culture</a> (c. 2800–1800 BC), the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Bronze_Age" title="Atlantic Bronze Age">Atlantic Bronze Age</a> (approximately 1300–700 BC), then of the <a href="/wiki/Hallstatt_culture" title="Hallstatt culture">Hallstatt culture</a> (800 -500 BC) and <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène culture</a> (450 BC). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origins of the village are unclear. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaulish_times">Gaulish times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gaulish times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaule_Belgique.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gaule_Belgique.png/220px-Gaule_Belgique.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gaule_Belgique.png/330px-Gaule_Belgique.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gaule_Belgique.png/440px-Gaule_Belgique.png 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="363" /></a><figcaption>Map of Gallic tribes in <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The village could have been occupied since Gaulish times. At that time, the village territory was dry land (or moorland), unlike other territories which were underwater in the "plaine maritime" (see the three <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_transgression" title="Dunkirk transgression">Dunkirk transgressions</a>), a polder region made from <a href="/wiki/Les_Mo%C3%ABres" title="Les Moëres">Les Moëres</a>, part of French Flanders. </p><p>The nearby presence of a Roman road (now <a href="/wiki/Roman_road_(D52)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman road (D52)">voie romaine</a> – D52) from Cassel and leading to the sea could have been a reason for an early settlement. This road could have preceded the Romans.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>1852 Ledringhem's treasure discovery</dt></dl> <p>As a proof of possible gaulish origins, a <a href="/wiki/Hoard" title="Hoard">hoard</a> was discovered in 1852 in Ledringhem. This treasure was estimated by Jérémie Landron (1840–1904), a pharmacist-chemist-<i>gold-and-silver <a href="/wiki/Metallurgical_assay" title="Metallurgical assay">assayer</a></i>, to be composed of 35 000 small gold <a href="/wiki/Celtic_coinage" title="Celtic coinage">coins</a>, described as <a href="/wiki/Stater" title="Stater">staters</a>, and locally known as Ledringhem's buttons (<i>boutons de Ledringhem</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The coins were retrieved in an 18-liter vase, which has been lost, by two workers cleaning a farm cesspit of the Mormentyn farm.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each coin was 18 mm wide and weighed approximately 6 grams. </p><p>Half of the coins were reddish in color due to a higher richness in copper in the gold-silver-copper alloy, the remaining coins being yellow-white-colored. They presented an image of a running wild horse on one of the two faces.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been hypothesized that this treasure could have been hidden underground and never recovered by its <a href="/wiki/Morini" title="Morini">Morini</a> or <a href="/wiki/Menapian" class="mw-redirect" title="Menapian">Menapian</a> owners, during troubled times like during the <a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_time">Roman time</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Roman time"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgica_SPQR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Belgica_SPQR.png/220px-Belgica_SPQR.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Belgica_SPQR.png/330px-Belgica_SPQR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Belgica_SPQR.png/440px-Belgica_SPQR.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>Map of Roman Empire in the 2nd century (116), with Gallia Belgica province highlighted in red.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> conquered the <a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a>, beginning in 57 BC. He marched into the territory of the Suessiones and besieged the town of Noviodunum (Soissons). Seeing the Romans' siege engines, the Suessiones surrendered, whereupon Caesar turned his attention to the Bellovaci, who had retreated into the fortress of Bratuspantium (between modern Amiens and Beauvais). They quickly surrendered, as did the Ambiani. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Nervii" title="Nervii">Nervii</a>, along with the Atrebates and Viromandui, decided to fight (the Atuatuci had also agreed to join them but had not yet arrived). They concealed themselves in the forests and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sabis" title="Battle of the Sabis">attacked the approaching Roman column at the river Sabis</a> (previously thought to be the Sambre but recently the Selle is thought to be more probable). Their attack was quick and unexpected. The element of surprise briefly left the Romans exposed. Some of the Romans did not have time to take the covers off their shields or to even put on their helmets. However Caesar grabbed a shield, made his way to the front line, and quickly organised his forces. The two Roman legions guarding the baggage train at the rear finally arrived and helped to turn the tide of the battle. Caesar says the Nervii were almost annihilated in the battle, and is effusive in his tribute to their bravery, calling them "heroes". </p><p>The Atuatuci, who were marching to their aid, turned back on hearing of the defeat and retreated to one stronghold, were put under siege, and soon surrendered and handed over their arms. However the surrender was a ploy, and the Atuatuci, armed with weapons they had hidden, tried to break out during the night. The Romans had the advantage of position and killed four thousand. The rest, about fifty-three thousand, were sold into slavery. </p><p>In 53 BC the Eburones, led by Ambiorix, along with the <a href="/wiki/Nervii" title="Nervii">Nervii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menapii" title="Menapii">Menapii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morini" title="Morini">Morini</a>, revolted again and wiped out 15 cohorts, only to be put down by Caesar. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a> fought in the uprising of Vercingetorix in 52 BC. </p><p>The Menapii again rebelled along with their neighbours, the Morini, in 30 or 29 BC. The Roman governor of Gaul, <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Carrinas_(consul_43_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Carrinas (consul 43 BC)">Gaius Carrinas</a>, successfully quelled the rebellion and the territory of the Menapii was subsequently absorbed into the Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a>. </p><p>After their final subjugation, Caesar combined the three parts of Gaul, the territory of the Belgae, Celtae and Aquitani, into a single unwieldy province (Gallia Comata, "long-haired Gaul") that was reorganized by the emperor Augustus into its traditional cultural divisions. The population was partially Romanised from the 1st to 3rd centuries. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Ancient_Rome_271_AD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Map_of_Ancient_Rome_271_AD.svg/220px-Map_of_Ancient_Rome_271_AD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Map_of_Ancient_Rome_271_AD.svg/330px-Map_of_Ancient_Rome_271_AD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Map_of_Ancient_Rome_271_AD.svg/440px-Map_of_Ancient_Rome_271_AD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2050" data-file-height="1213" /></a><figcaption>The Gallic Empire under <a href="/wiki/Tetricus_I" title="Tetricus I">Tetricus I</a> by 271 AD (in green)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gallic_Empire" title="Gallic Empire">Gallic Empire</a> (Latin: Imperium Galliarum) is the modern name for a breakaway realm of the Roman Empire that existed from 260 to 274. It originated during the <a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_3rd_Century" class="mw-redirect" title="Crisis of the 3rd Century">Crisis of the 3rd Century</a> (AD 235–284). It was retaken by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ch%C3%A2lons_(274)" title="Battle of Châlons (274)">Battle of Châlons</a> in 274. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius Chlorus</a>’ first task on becoming Caesar was to deal with the <a href="/wiki/Roman_usurper" title="Roman usurper">Roman usurper</a> <a href="/wiki/Carausius" title="Carausius">Carausius</a> who had declared himself emperor in Britannia and northern <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a> in 286. In late 293, Constantius defeated the forces of Carausius in Gaul, capturing Bononia (<a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a>). This precipitated the assassination of Carausius by his <i><a href="/wiki/Rationalis" title="Rationalis">rationalis</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Allectus" title="Allectus">Allectus</a>, who assumed command of the British provinces until his death in 296. Constantius spent the next two years neutralising the threat of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> who were the allies of Allectus, as northern Gaul remained under the control of the British usurper until at least 295. </p><p>Later Emperor <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> restructured the provinces around 300, and split Belgica into two provinces: Belgica Prima and Belgica Secunda. Belgica Prima had Treveri (Trier) as its main city, and consisted of the eastern part. Belgica Secunda was situated between the English channel and the River Meuse, which therefore contained the original "Belgium" that Caesar had described. <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> (Durocortorum) was the capital of that second province. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Saxon_Shore" title="Saxon Shore">Saxon Shore</a> (Latin: litus Saxonicum) was a military command of the late Roman Empire, established during the Crisis of the 3rd Century and consisted of a series of fortifications on both sides of the English channel. It was established in the late 3rd century and was led by the "Count of the Saxon Shore". In the late 4th century, his functions were limited to Britain, while the fortifications in Gaul were established as separate commands, dux tractus Amoricani and <a href="/wiki/Dux_Belgicae_Secundae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dux Belgicae Secundae">dux Belgicae Secundae</a>, with headquarters at Portus Aepatiaci (possibly <a href="/wiki/%C3%89taples" title="Étaples">Étaples</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frankish_Empire">Frankish Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Frankish Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flandres_-Pagi_du_Marquisat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flandres_-Pagi_du_Marquisat.png/220px-Flandres_-Pagi_du_Marquisat.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flandres_-Pagi_du_Marquisat.png/330px-Flandres_-Pagi_du_Marquisat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flandres_-Pagi_du_Marquisat.png/440px-Flandres_-Pagi_du_Marquisat.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Situation of Pagus Mempiscus. The blue zone corresponds to the future polders (only in the 10th century). The coastline is from the 9th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lage_Landen_(Frankische_Tijd).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Lage_Landen_%28Frankische_Tijd%29.svg/220px-Lage_Landen_%28Frankische_Tijd%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Lage_Landen_%28Frankische_Tijd%29.svg/330px-Lage_Landen_%28Frankische_Tijd%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Lage_Landen_%28Frankische_Tijd%29.svg/440px-Lage_Landen_%28Frankische_Tijd%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="812" /></a><figcaption>Southern part of the Low Countries with bisschopry towns and abbeys c. 7th century. Abbeys were the onset to larger villages and even some towns.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Gaul, the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a>, a fusion of western Germanic tribes whose leaders had been strongly aligned with Rome since the 3rd century, subsequently entered Roman lands more gradually and peacefully during the 5th century, and were generally endured as rulers by the Roman-Gaulish population. </p><p>The Franks became <a href="/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati">foederati</a> in 358 AD, when Emperor <a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a> let them keep the areas in northern <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a>, which had been depopulated during the preceding century. Roman soldiers defended the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> and had major armies 100 miles (160 km) south and west of the Rhine. Frankish settlers were established in the areas north and east of the Romans and helped with the Roman defense by providing intelligence and a buffer state. The breach of the Rhine borders in the frozen winter of 406 and 407 made an end to the Roman presence at the Rhine when both the Romans and the allied Franks <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Mainz_(406)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Mainz (406) (page does not exist)">were overrun</a> by a tribal migration <i>en masse</i> of <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a>. </p><p>They emerged victorious and Belgica Secunda became in the 5th century the center of <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis</a>' <a href="/wiki/Merovingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingian">Merovingian</a> kingdom and during the 8th century the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a>. </p><p>The current territory of the village of Ledringhem became part of <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a>, the territory held by Franks, in 481. It became part of <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Francia</a> in 843, and more accurately part of <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a>. </p><p>From 830 until around 910, the <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Vikings</a> invaded Flanders. After the destruction caused by Norman and <a href="/wiki/Magyars" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyars">Magyar</a> invasion, the eastern part of the region fell under the eyes of the area's princes. </p><p>In 962, <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_III,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Baldwin III, Count of Flanders">Baldwin III, Count of Flanders</a>, son, co-ruler, and heir of <a href="/wiki/Arnulf_I,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Arnulf I, Count of Flanders">Arnulf I</a> died and Arnulf bequeathed Flanders to <a href="/wiki/Lothair_of_France" title="Lothair of France">Lothair of France</a>. On Arnulf's death in 965, Lothair invaded Flanders and took many cities, but was eventually repulsed by the supporters of <a href="/wiki/Arnulf_II,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Arnulf II, Count of Flanders">Arnulf II</a>. He temporarily remained in control of <a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Old_Dutch" title="Old Dutch">Old Dutch</a> was the Frankish dialects spoken and written in the Low Countries during the Early Middle Ages. It evolved from <a href="/wiki/Old_Frankish" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Frankish">Old Frankish</a> around the 6th century and in turn evolved into <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dutch" title="Middle Dutch">Middle Dutch</a> around the 12th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png/220px-Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png/330px-Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png/440px-Map_Burgundian_Netherlands_1477-en.png 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="1249" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Provinces" title="Seventeen Provinces">Seventeen Provinces</a> (orange, brown and yellow areas) and the Bishopric of Liège (green)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:County_of_Flanders_(topogaphy).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/County_of_Flanders_%28topogaphy%29.png/220px-County_of_Flanders_%28topogaphy%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/County_of_Flanders_%28topogaphy%29.png/330px-County_of_Flanders_%28topogaphy%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/County_of_Flanders_%28topogaphy%29.png/440px-County_of_Flanders_%28topogaphy%29.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a> in the late 14th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the Middle Ages, Ledringhem was one of the 6 fiefs in the <a href="/wiki/Bergues" title="Bergues">Bergues</a> fiefdom, composed out of 24 villages.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the jurisdiction of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Counts of Flandres</a>. Esquelbecques and Ledringhem were parts of the same fief, but both villages had their own town magistrates.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a> was one of the territories constituting the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a>. The county existed from 862 to 1795. It was one of the original secular fiefs of France and for centuries was one of the most affluent regions in Europe. </p><p>From 1323 to 1328 people from Ledringhem took part to the <a href="/wiki/Peasant_revolt_in_Flanders_1323%E2%80%931328" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323–1328">peasant revolt in Flanders</a> and five of them died in 1328 during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassel_(1328)" title="Battle of Cassel (1328)">Battle of Cassel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pirenne_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pirenne-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1436, Wautier de Ghistelles was <i>seigneur d'Ekelsbeke et de Ledringhem</i> (Lord of Esquelbecq and Ledringhem) and governor of <i>La Madeleine</i> hospital in <a href="/wiki/Bierne" title="Bierne">Bierne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="English_rule_over_Northern_France">English rule over Northern France</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: English rule over Northern France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 21 May 1420, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Troyes" title="Treaty of Troyes">Treaty of Troyes</a> is signed. With the Burgundian faction dominant in France, King <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI of France</a> acknowledges <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V of England</a> as his heir and as virtual ruler of most of France. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Good" title="Philip the Good">Philip the Good</a>, Duke of Burgundy, then signed the 1435 Treaty of Arras, which allowed the Burgundians to return to the side of the French just as things were going badly for their English allies. With this accomplishment, Charles attained the essential goal of ensuring that no Prince of the Blood recognised Henry VI as King of France. Over the following two decades, the French recaptured Paris from the English and eventually recovered all of France with the exception of the northern port of Calais and the Channel Islands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Habsburg_Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Habsburg Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ledringhem was part of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a> (1526 to 1556/1581). </p><p>On 14 January 1526, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Madrid_(1526)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Madrid (1526)">Treaty of Madrid</a> is signed. Peace is declared between <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a>. Francis agrees to cede Burgundy to Charles, and abandons all claims to Flanders, Artois, Naples and Milan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_Netherlands_period_and_Dutch_Reformation">Spanish Netherlands period and Dutch Reformation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Spanish Netherlands period and Dutch Reformation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tachtigjarigeoorlog-1566.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tachtigjarigeoorlog-1566.png/220px-Tachtigjarigeoorlog-1566.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tachtigjarigeoorlog-1566.png/330px-Tachtigjarigeoorlog-1566.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tachtigjarigeoorlog-1566.png/440px-Tachtigjarigeoorlog-1566.png 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="2196" /></a><figcaption>Blue: spread of the Beeldenstorm in the Low Countries.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the Dutch Reformation <i><a href="/wiki/Beeldenstorm" title="Beeldenstorm">Beeldenstorm</a></i> iconoclasm movement, an episode took place in Ledringhem on Friday 16 August 1566.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A depiction of the events is given in:<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Jan de Druck was a busy iconoclast. He participated in attacks in Broxeele, Eecke, North and South Berkijn, and Ledringhem, for which he was condemned to death on october 28, 1567, by Alba's special law court, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Troubles" title="Council of Troubles">council of Troubles</a>. His crimes centered on destruction of religious art and objects in parish churches in mid-August 1566: ... He also ransacked several altars at Ledringhem, stealing money amounting to 3 or 4 Parisian pounds and intended "for common devotion." ... Druck's deeds mirror those of other individuals and small groups; at Ledringhem, on September 10, a crowd of about thirty-two seized the priest's house, eating and drinking heartily before they settled down for the night there. Refreshed, the next morning they sacked the local parish church, destroying four altars. They scattered for the balance of the day, some going to Ekelsbeke, other to Arnèke, both sets listening to sermons, only to return at nightfall, this time to the chaplain's house,where they had something to eat and pocketed four candles. Afterward, they randomly searched private houses looking for objects the churchwardens might have hidden, or domestic altars or shrines. The next morning, they continued their efforts, overturning basins of holy oil, smashing up more altars, and shredding the priest's and chaplains's books. As a parting shot, they derisively cut up the chaplain's bonnet.</p></blockquote> <p>As Spain was fighting back Reformation, a war developed leading to the formation of a Dutch protestant independent state and the Southern part of the territory still loyal to Catholicism and Spanish power. </p><p>As this <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">eighty years war</a> developed, raids against cities and villages occurred. The church of Ledringhem was burnt by orangists during this period. It took several decades for the population to reconstruct it. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Low_Countries.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/The_Low_Countries.png/220px-The_Low_Countries.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/The_Low_Countries.png/330px-The_Low_Countries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/The_Low_Countries.png/440px-The_Low_Countries.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1011" /></a><figcaption>The Low Countries Map (1556–1648)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ledringhem was part of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" title="Southern Netherlands">Southern Netherlands</a> (Dutch: Zuidelijke Nederlanden, Spanish: Países Bajos del Sur, French: Pays-Bas du sud, also called the Catholic Netherlands), a part of the Low Countries controlled by Spain (Spanish Netherlands, 1579–1713), then by Austria after the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 (Austrian Netherlands, 1713–1794). The Southern Netherlands remained part of the <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Circle" title="Burgundian Circle">Burgundian Circle</a> of the Holy Roman Empire until its annexation to France in 1794. </p><p>From February to May 1638, a <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a> episode made victims in Ledringhem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_rule">French rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: French rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1646 taking of <a href="/wiki/Veurne" title="Veurne">Furnes (Veurne)</a>, Dunkirk and <a href="/wiki/Courtrai" class="mw-redirect" title="Courtrai">Courtrai</a> by <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis, Grand Condé">Duc d'Enghien</a> 1652 Dunkirk taken back by the Spanish. </p><p>On 14 June 1658, Spanish troops of <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis, Grand Condé">Condé</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_of_Austria_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="John of Austria the Younger">Juan José de Austria</a> had a severe defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dunes_(1658)" title="Battle of the Dunes (1658)">battle of the Dunes</a>, near Dunkirk. <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_la_Tour_d%27Auvergne,_Vicomte_de_Turenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne">Turenne</a> continue his triumphant march into Flanders.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 May 1659, France, England and Netherlands signed the <i>Hedges Concerto</i> treaty. 1659 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Treaty of the Pyrenees">Treaty of the Pyrenees</a> 1662 <a href="/wiki/Sale_of_Dunkirk" title="Sale of Dunkirk">Sale of Dunkirk</a> by the English to the French 1672 <a href="/wiki/Franco-Dutch_War" title="Franco-Dutch War">Franco-Dutch War</a> 1677 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassel_(1677)" title="Battle of Cassel (1677)">Battle of Cassel</a> 1678 taking of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Omer" title="Saint-Omer">Saint-Omer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Nijmegen" title="Treaties of Nijmegen">Treaties of Nijmegen</a>, end of the war </p><p>Parts of Flanders became a French possession following the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1668, ending the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Devolution" title="War of Devolution">War of Devolution</a> (1667–1668) which saw <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a>'s French armies overrun the Habsburg-controlled Spanish Netherlands. With the fall of the fortresses of Bergues (6 June 1667), Louis XIV took hold of Ledringhem, part of the Châtellenie. </p><p>France gained some territory in Flanders, but nearly all of the Spanish Netherlands, as well as the Franche-Comté, was returned to Spain. Inwardly, Louis XIV was seething. He had hoped to take the entirety of the Spanish Netherlands and felt betrayed by the Dutch, who, to French eyes, were only independent due to French assistance in the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a>. The War of Devolution thus led directly to the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Dutch_War" title="Franco-Dutch War">Franco-Dutch War</a> of 1672–1678. </p><p>The consequences of the War of Devolution were manifold. From a purely military perspective, France had gained some advantages, by breaking through the ring of fortresses that surrounded the Spanish Netherlands. This simultaneously increased the French defensive power, as Vauban immediately set about expanding the conquered cities into strong fortifications. These in turn served as starting points from which further French campaigns of conquest could be launched in later wars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_Revolution">French Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: French Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the French Revolution, French rule has been secured with revolutionary victory in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hondshoote_(1793)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Hondshoote (1793)">Battle of Hondshoote</a> in 1793 against English and Austrian troops wanting to get hold of Dunkirk port. <br />In 1794 the entire region of the Spanish/Austrian Netherlands was overrun by France ending the existence of this territory as such. This was resisted by the <a href="/wiki/Flamingant" title="Flamingant">Flamingant</a> movement organized by Roman Catholic clergy. Austria confirmed the loss of its territories by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a>, in 1797. </p><p>Henri-Louis de Guernoval, marquis d'Esquelbecq (1729–1801) (marquis de Ledringhem), captain in second of Louis XIV Royal-Cravattes regiment was the last of the nobility member to administer Ledringhem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_French_Empire">First French Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: First French Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Netherlands_during_French_administration_1810-1814.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Netherlands_during_French_administration_1810-1814.png/220px-Netherlands_during_French_administration_1810-1814.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Netherlands_during_French_administration_1810-1814.png/330px-Netherlands_during_French_administration_1810-1814.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Netherlands_during_French_administration_1810-1814.png/440px-Netherlands_during_French_administration_1810-1814.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption>Map of Belgium and the Netherlands during the French occupation (1793–1815).</figcaption></figure> <p>Ledringhem became part of the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a> 1810 Napoleonic Nord département. Most of the Low Countries were also annexed. After Napoleon's defeat at Leipzig (October 1813), the French troops retreated to France. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kortrijk" title="Treaty of Kortrijk">Treaty of Kortrijk</a> (Dutch: <i>Verdrag van Kortrijk</i>), signed 28 March 1820 in the <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgian</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Kortrijk" title="Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a> laid out the boundaries between <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> (under the reign of King <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I of the Netherlands</a>). Nowadays, these boundaries still stand, with some minor corrections, as the official boundary between <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. In 1830, the Belgian Revolution led to the separation of the Southern Provinces from the Netherlands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_wars">World wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: World wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shrapnel, like canon shells and bullet casings can still be found in and around the fields here. They are usually found by farmers ploughing, and date back to World Wars. </p> <dl><dt>World War I</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>German Schlieffen Plan in 1914 was to invade Belgium to better attack France to the north. </p><p>Thus, at the beginning, the war was a mobility war. At that time, French bicycle riding 3e Groupe de Chasseurs Cyclistes were in Ledringhem during the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a> in November 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the war turned into a trenches war with the front established to the east near Ypres, some 30 km away, Ledringhem served as a resting and training place (<i><a href="/wiki/Billet" title="Billet">billet</a></i>) to the rear. French <a href="/wiki/12th_Cuirassier_Regiment_(France)" title="12th Cuirassier Regiment (France)">12th cuirassiers</a> were there in December 1914 – September 1915,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British horse-riding 20th Hussars 7 May 1915,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 75th Brigade <a href="/wiki/Royal_Field_Artillery" title="Royal Field Artillery">RFA</a> in May–June 1916,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 1st Royal Marine Battalion from 14 to 22 November 1917,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French 114ème Régiment d'Artillerie Lourde<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 15e Régiment de Dragons<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in May 1918, and 2e Régiment d'Artillerie de Campagne in August 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These French troops are then replaced (26–28 June 1918) by English men of the 187th and 190th brigades of the 41st division (2e RAC JMO 26N906-23, 27 & 31). </p> <dl><dt>World War II</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>A violent battle took place in Ledringhem during the Battle of France in May 1940, which involved British soldiers against German troops. On 27 to 29 May 1940, the British <a href="/wiki/5th_Glosters" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Glosters">5th Glosters</a> got separated from the rest of the British forces in Ledringhem and became involved in fierce combats against motorized German troops. Several casualties among the British soldiers, including officers<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also French civilians, occurred during the fight. Nevertheless, the village was never conquered by the Germans at that time, and finally the British escaped to embark in <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a> evacuation during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dynamo" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Dynamo">Operation Dynamo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a Military Cemetery located at the site of the battle. Other casualties were made by <a href="/wiki/Leibstandarte_SS_Adolf_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler">Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler</a> by killing prisoners gathered in a barn at <i><a href="/wiki/La_Plaine_au_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="La Plaine au Bois">La Plaine au Bois</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Wormhout" title="Wormhout">Wormhoudt</a> on Tuesday 28 May 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also during that period, the windmill in Ledringhem has been burnt down. The head of the windmill served to repair the <i>Drievenmeulen</i><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Steenvoorde" title="Steenvoorde">Steenvoorde</a>. </p><p>After the 1940 defeat, <a href="/wiki/Belgium_and_Northern_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgium and Northern France">Belgium and Northern France</a> were put under Nazi Germany control. The structure remained in existence until July 1944. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="War_monuments">War monuments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: War monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French Monument to the Dead (<i>Monument aux Morts</i>) presents 25 names, 15 of which being French soldiers killed during the first World War, the other ten being civilian victims during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is situated in the cemetery near the church. </p><p>In the British military part of the cemetery containing 52 graves, there is a <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Sacrifice" title="Cross of Sacrifice">Cross of Sacrifice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1793</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">710</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1800</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.20%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1806</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">710</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.24%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1821</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">704</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1831</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">739</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1836</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">719</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.55%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1841</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">704</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.42%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1846</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">702</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1851</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">689</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.37%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1856</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">658</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.92%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">650</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.24%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1866</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">635</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.47%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1872</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">659</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.62%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1876</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">649</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.38%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">612</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1886</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">599</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">603</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1896</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">523</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.81%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">478</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1906</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">487</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.37%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">485</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">480</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">466</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.59%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">446</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.87%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">433</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.59%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1946</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">431</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.05%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1954</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">408</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.68%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1962</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">399</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1968</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">418</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1975</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">403</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.52%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1982</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">522</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.77%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">533</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.26%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1999</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">507</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.55%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2007</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">667</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2012</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">680</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.39%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2017</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">661</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.57%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">From the year 1962 on: population without double counting<br />Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Town hall :.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mayors : </p> <ul><li>2001–2008, 2008–2014, 2014–current : Christian Delassus</li> <li>1995–2001 : Christian (Roger Germain) Deblock</li> <li>Jules Arthur Gabriel Deblock (1877–?), father of Roger</li> <li>1893 : Amand (Aimé Erremond) Cailliau (1842–1923)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1870 : M. Vanhoucke<sup id="cite_ref-geneawiki_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geneawiki-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1861 : Pierre (Augustin Ambroise) Devulder (1814–?)</li> <li>1854 : M. Wispelaere.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1806 : M. Blanckaert<sup id="cite_ref-geneawiki_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geneawiki-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pierre Jacques Cornil Hondermarck (1774–1834)</li> <li>Charles Winoc Hondermarck (1772–1829)</li></ul> <p>Ledringhem doesn't participate in a twinnage program with a foreign country municipality. </p> <dl><dt>personalities</dt></dl> <ul><li>Roger Deblock (1908–1994, in Ledringhem), senator of Nord from 1969 to 1974<sup id="cite_ref-geneawiki_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geneawiki-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gabriel Deblock (1935 in Ledringhem-2006), son of Roger, député of Nord from 1993 to 1997</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a bus stop, for pupils to go to collège in Wormhout, or the high school in Hazebrouck, or to go to Wormhout. </p><p>The nearest railway stations are in <a href="/wiki/Arn%C3%A8ke" title="Arnèke">Arnèke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esquelbecq" title="Esquelbecq">Esquelbecq</a>, for transport to <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Dunkerque" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Dunkerque">Dunkirk</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27Hazebrouck" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare d'Hazebrouck">Hazebrouck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Lille_Flandres" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Lille Flandres">Lille Flandres</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accommodations">Accommodations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Accommodations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ledringhem_s_school.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ledringhem_s_school.PNG/220px-Ledringhem_s_school.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ledringhem_s_school.PNG/330px-Ledringhem_s_school.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ledringhem_s_school.PNG/440px-Ledringhem_s_school.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1153" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>View on Ledringhem's school</figcaption></figure> <p>There is a municipal school (Ecole "Les boutons d'Or – Butter Bloeme") in Ledringhem, a multi-sport stadium and a feasting hall (<i>salle des fêtes</i>). </p><p>There is <i>le Trou Flamand</i> <a href="/wiki/Estaminet" class="mw-redirect" title="Estaminet">estaminet</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Flemish-style café-restaurant)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is also a general store situated on the main square and the inn <i>Auberge Du Kok-smid</i> situated along <i>route de Wormhout</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The village main resources are agriculture productions. These include cereals (wheat, barley, oat), flax, fodder (mangel) and sugar beets, potatoes, horticulture and cattle raising (cows, pigs, fowls, ...). </p><p>There are a few other businesses and also a <a href="/wiki/General_practitioner" title="General practitioner">general practitioner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_life">Social life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Social life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>List of associations in Ledringhem:<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Alcyon, Association pour le rayonnement de la francophonie</i>, help to French speaking students</li> <li><i>Association Audrey 59 Steven</i></li> <li><i>Association des parents d'élèves de l'école publique de Ledringhem</i> (APEEPL), pupil's parents association</li> <li><i>Association Jeunesse et ambitions</i></li> <li><i>Association Nature et Patrimoine de Ledringhem</i> (ANPL), Nature and Patrimony association<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Club Agro Convergence</i></li> <li><i>Frisons en Flandre</i>, Friesian horses association</li> <li><i>Jogging club de Wormhout</i></li> <li><i>La Jet moins set moto</i>, moto association</li> <li><i>Lame Soeur</i>, help to musicians association</li> <li><i>La Petite Reine Ledringhemoise</i>, bicycling association</li> <li><i>L'Art Sauv.</i>, art at the hospital association</li> <li><i>Les Pieds Tanqués</i>, pétanque association</li> <li><i>Les Quickpitchenaeres</i>, carnival association<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Union nationale des combattants de Ledringhem</i>, war veterans association</li> <li><i>Wormhout Volley-Sport</i></li> <li>international association : <i>Association Franco-Britannique de la Plaine au bois</i>, French-British association for <i>La Plaine au bois</i> massacre commemoration, with mayors of Esquelbecq, Ledringhem and <a href="/wiki/Llandudno" title="Llandudno">Llandudno</a>.</li></ul> <p>Patron saint fest (<i>Ducasse</i>) occurs during June first Sunday. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FLANDRE-Une_hofst%C3%A8de_%C3%A0_Ledringhem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/FLANDRE-Une_hofst%C3%A8de_%C3%A0_Ledringhem.jpg/220px-FLANDRE-Une_hofst%C3%A8de_%C3%A0_Ledringhem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/FLANDRE-Une_hofst%C3%A8de_%C3%A0_Ledringhem.jpg/330px-FLANDRE-Une_hofst%C3%A8de_%C3%A0_Ledringhem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/FLANDRE-Une_hofst%C3%A8de_%C3%A0_Ledringhem.jpg/440px-FLANDRE-Une_hofst%C3%A8de_%C3%A0_Ledringhem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Farmhouse" title="Farmhouse">Farmhouse</a> (hofstede) in Ledringhem</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>Paeltronck Hoeve</i> (French : <i>ferme du têtard borne</i>) is a typical Flemish farm.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Religious patrimony</dt></dl> <ul><li>The catholic Hall church-type "hallekerque",<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with three same-sized naves, is dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Audomar" title="Audomar">Audomar</a> (<i>Saint-Omer</i>) dating 16th century (1548),<sup id="cite_ref-LesFlamandsdFrance_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LesFlamandsdFrance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an organ<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an 18th-century pulpit, an 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle" title="Church tabernacle">tabernacle</a> and a 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Retable" title="Retable">retable</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dedicated to saint Omer. It is made of red <a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">bricks</a>. There are several <a href="/wiki/Runic" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic">runic</a>-like shapes, made of yellow-coloured bricks, included in the red-coloured brick masonry, around the building.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The roof and bell tower are covered with <a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">slates</a>.</li> <li>Several small <a href="/wiki/Chapel" title="Chapel">chapels</a> and crosses are scattered all around the village.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Church</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LEDRINGHEM_chevet_de_l%27%C3%A9glise_ST_OMER.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Front view of the church with its double apse chevet and calvary"><img alt="Front view of the church with its double apse chevet and calvary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/LEDRINGHEM_chevet_de_l%27%C3%A9glise_ST_OMER.jpg/120px-LEDRINGHEM_chevet_de_l%27%C3%A9glise_ST_OMER.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/LEDRINGHEM_chevet_de_l%27%C3%A9glise_ST_OMER.jpg/180px-LEDRINGHEM_chevet_de_l%27%C3%A9glise_ST_OMER.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/LEDRINGHEM_chevet_de_l%27%C3%A9glise_ST_OMER.jpg/240px-LEDRINGHEM_chevet_de_l%27%C3%A9glise_ST_OMER.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5235" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Front view of the church with its double <a href="/wiki/Apse" title="Apse">apse</a> chevet and <a href="/wiki/Calvary_(sculpture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvary (sculpture)">calvary</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LEDRINGHEM_%C3%A9glise_St_Omer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church hall or hallekerk (hallekerk), made up of three naves, Romanesque A runic-shaped design on the gable of the church, on the left"><img alt="Church hall or hallekerk (hallekerk), made up of three naves, Romanesque A runic-shaped design on the gable of the church, on the left" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/LEDRINGHEM_%C3%A9glise_St_Omer.jpg/120px-LEDRINGHEM_%C3%A9glise_St_Omer.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/LEDRINGHEM_%C3%A9glise_St_Omer.jpg/180px-LEDRINGHEM_%C3%A9glise_St_Omer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/LEDRINGHEM_%C3%A9glise_St_Omer.jpg/240px-LEDRINGHEM_%C3%A9glise_St_Omer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Church hall or hallekerk (hallekerk), made up of three naves, Romanesque A runic-shaped design on the gable of the church, on the left</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ledringhem-runes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Examples of rune-shaped designs found on Ledringhem's church (a five-lozenges cross and a heart on the gable)"><img alt="Examples of rune-shaped designs found on Ledringhem's church (a five-lozenges cross and a heart on the gable)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ledringhem-runes.jpg/71px-Ledringhem-runes.jpg" decoding="async" width="71" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ledringhem-runes.jpg/106px-Ledringhem-runes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Ledringhem-runes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Examples of rune-shaped designs found on Ledringhem's church (a five-<a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(heraldry)" title="Lozenge (heraldry)">lozenges</a> <a href="/wiki/Cross" title="Cross">cross</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Heart_(symbol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart (symbol)">heart</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">gable</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a>. <i>data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises</i> (in French). 2 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALedringhem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-59338">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-59338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALedringhem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/commune/59338-ledringhem">INSEE commune file</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.nord.equipement.gouv.fr/Eau_environnement-risques/pprniyser2/extdoc/yserzonageledringhem.jpg">Cadastral map relating to Peene Becque risk assessment on nord.equipement.gouv.fr</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ddaf59.agriculture.gouv.fr/carto/coureau/LEDRINGHEM.jpg">Cadastral map on ddaf59.agriculture.gouv.fr</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061201112956/http://ddaf59.agriculture.gouv.fr/carto/coureau/LEDRINGHEM.jpg">Archived</a> 1 December 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usan.fr/pdf/syndicat_yser.pdf">Map of rivers on Union des Syndicats d’Assainissement du Nord website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425143106/http://www.usan.fr/pdf/syndicat_yser.pdf">Archived</a> 25 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruesdemaville.com/VILLES_59/page_ville_24965.htm">Ledringhem roads on ruesdemaville.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k29276b">PARS PRIMA FOLQUINI LIB. I. ad annum 723 Chartularium Sithiense (Saint Bertin cartulary), édit. Guérard, p. 49 on gallica.bnf.fr</a> (French + Latin)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Van Werveke, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rbph_0035-0818_1923_num_2_2_6231?_Prescripts_Search_tabs1=standard&">Grands propriétaires en Flandre au VIIe et au VIIIe siècle</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Revue_belge_de_philologie_et_d%27histoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire">Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire</a></i>, 2/2 (1923), p. 323. (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eugène Mannier, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tudestymologiqu01manngoog">Études étymologiques historiques et comparatives sur les noms des villes, bourgs et villages du département du Nord</a> (1861), page 23. On Internet Archive (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Dauzat" title="Albert Dauzat">Albert Dauzat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rostaing" title="Charles Rostaing">Charles Rostaing</a>, <i>Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de lieu en France</i>, Librairie Guénégaud, Paris, 1979, French <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-85023-076-6" title="Special:BookSources/2-85023-076-6">2-85023-076-6</a>, p. 394a.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pirenne-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pirenne_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pirenne_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henri Pirenne (ed.),<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1115088/f198.image.r=bataille+de+cassel.langFR"><i>Le soulèvement de la Flandre maritime de 1323–1328</i></a> (1900), p. 125. On gallica.bnf.fr (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">as an alternative form of the Latinized name <i>Leodringas</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crgfa.org/villes03.html">Ledringhem Latin name on crgfa.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211230/http://www.crgfa.org/villes03.html">Archived</a> 23 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikipasdecalais.fr/index.php/Ferry_de_Locre">Ferry_de_Locre at wikipasdecalais.fr (French)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AWQDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA23">Études étymologiques, historiques et comparatives sur les noms des villes, bourgs et villages du département du Nord on books.google.fr</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferreolus Locrius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_1JbAAAAQAAJ&dq=Locrius&pg=PR2">Chronicon belgicum, 258-1600</a> (Arras, 1616) (Latin)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quad_Flandria.jpg">Map <i>Flandriae Descriptio</i> by Matthias Quad, 1609 on commons</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AnnalesSocBruges-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AnnalesSocBruges_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AnnalesSocBruges_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=08k7AQAAIAAJ&dq=Ledringhem&pg=PA68">Annales de la Société d'émulation de Bruges, Volume 10, 1848, pages 68–69</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blaeu_1645_-_Artesia_Comitatus_Artois.jpg">Map <i>Artesia_Comitatus_Artois</i> by Joan Blaeu, 1645 on commons</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rumsey.geogarage.com/maps/cassinige.html?lat=43.2903&lon=-0.0892&zoom=13">1750 Cassini's map detail on rumsey.geogarage.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LesFlamandsdFrance-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LesFlamandsdFrance_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LesFlamandsdFrance_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MKxJAAAAcAAJ&dq=Ledringhem+sanderus&pg=PA40">Les Flamands de France: Études sur leur langue, leur littérature et leurs Monuments, Louis de Baecker, 1830, page 40</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425152850/http://lucia.kbr.be/multi/VB_10335_E_2Viewer/imageViewer.html">Flandria Illustrata, Tomus II on lucia.kbr.be</a> (Latin)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quid.fr/communes.html?id=26179&mode=detail&emph=ledringhem&query=Ledringhem">Ledringhem on Quid.fr</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090220000610/http://www.quid.fr/communes.html?id=26179&mode=detail&emph=ledringhem&query=Ledringhem">Archived</a> 20 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bwalker.free.fr/fnames/casselsteene.htm">B. Walker</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernest Nègre, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jbpVLN1tRNoC&pg=PA1005"><i>Toponymie générale de la France</i></a>, no. 18123 (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie-Thérèse Morlet, <i>Les Noms de personnes de l'ancienne Gaule...</i>, t. I, p. 396a.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DAUZAT 394a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Henry Haigh, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anglosaxonsagase00haiguoft/anglosaxonsagase00haiguoft_djvu.txt">The Anglo-Saxon Sagas</a></i> (London: John Russel Smith, 1861. Reprint, Read Books, 2008). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4097-8131-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4097-8131-8">978-1-4097-8131-8</a> (English)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pitgamdoc.voila.net/bonvarlet.htm">Notice sur la commune de pitgam, au West-Quartier de Flandre, by A. Bonvarlet, Annales du comité Flamand de France, Tome 9, 1867, pages 183–329</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://didier.landron.perso.neuf.fr/landron/LeTresorDeLedringhem.html">Article on Ledringhem treasure discovery in 1852 on didier.landron.perso.neuf.fr</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/traitdesmonnai02blanuoft">Traité des Monnaies Gauloises. by Adrien Blanchet, 1905, page 584</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fredericweber.com/collection_frederic_weber/gaule/ambiani_uniface_i.htm">Ledringhem's treasure staters depiction on fredericweber.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=12759854">Le trésor gaulois de Ledringhem. Essai d'interprétation, Leclercq P., 1978, in Trésors, monnaies et archéologie du nord de la France Lille, pages 753–759</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family Who Forged Europe, trans. Michael Idomir Allen (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), pp. 264–65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040410142136/http://membres.lycos.fr/domdrapie/flandre.rtf">monarchie+ledringhem search on Google</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/laflandremariti00saingoog/laflandremariti00saingoog_djvu.txt">La Flandre Maritime et Dunkerque sous la domination française (1659–1789), Alexandre Saint-Léger, 1900</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.nordnet.fr/~jacfermaut/terrierbierne09.html">Bierne history</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100210163440/http://home.nordnet.fr/~jacfermaut/terrierbierne09.html">Archived</a> 10 February 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dutchrevolt.leidenuniv.nl/Nederlands/begrippen/godsdienst/chronologie_beeldenstorm.htm">Chronologie of Iconoclasm movement on dutchrevolt.leidenuniv.nl</a> (Dutch)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bm_uS_K_jaEC&q=ledringhem+&pg=PA109">Beggars, iconoclasts, and civic patriots: the political culture of the Dutch Revolt. Peter J. Arnade, Cornell University Press, 2008, page 108-109</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louis XIV: La gloire et les épreuves. Jean-Christian Petitfils, Editions Tallandier, 2006, p61, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2847343172" title="Special:BookSources/2847343172">2847343172</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782847343175" title="Special:BookSources/9782847343175">9782847343175</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140122045936/http://gcc14-18.forum-gratuiti.net/t7-3e-groupe-de-chasseurs-cyclistes">"3e Groupe de Chasseurs Cyclistes (French)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gcc14-18.forum-gratuiti.net/t7-3e-groupe-de-chasseurs-cyclistes">the original</a> on 22 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3e+Groupe+de+Chasseurs+Cyclistes+%28French%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgcc14-18.forum-gratuiti.net%2Ft7-3e-groupe-de-chasseurs-cyclistes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALedringhem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://groupe-escadrons-12.voila.net/gm1_repos_et_tranchees_en_flandre_2223.htm">Repos et Tranchées en Flandre, en Artois, en Picardie (Décembre 1914 – Septembre 1915) (French)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epsomandewellhistoryexplorer.org.uk/WarMemorialsSurnamesT.html">WarMemorialsSurnamesT</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freespace.virgin.net/john.elkin/afstanway.htm">Alfred Farrell Stanway – War Service History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200640/http://freespace.virgin.net/john.elkin/afstanway.htm">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.co.uk/RNDdiary002.htm">"CWGC.co.uk - CWGC Resources and Information"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CWGC.co.uk+-+CWGC+Resources+and+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.co.uk%2FRNDdiary002.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALedringhem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancestramil.fr/uploads/01_doc/terre/artillerie/1914-1918/114_ral_1914-1918.pdf">Historique du 114ème Régiment d'Artillerie Lourde 1914–1918 (French)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancestramil.fr/uploads/01_doc/terre/cavalerie/1914-1918/15_dragons_historique_1914-1918.pdf">Historique du 15e Régiment de Dragons 1914–1918 (French)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancestramil.fr/uploads/01_doc/terre/artillerie/1914-1918/2_rac_historique_1914-1918.pdf">Historique du 2e Régiment d'Artillerie de Campagne 1914_1918 (French)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/~Glosters/ww2off.html">"WW2Officers Died"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WW2Officers+Died&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.tripod.com%2F~Glosters%2Fww2off.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALedringhem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unithistories.com/officers/Army_officers_W01.html">"British Army Officers 1939-1945 -- W"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Army+Officers+1939-1945+--+W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unithistories.com%2Fofficers%2FArmy_officers_W01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALedringhem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/~Glosters/5thGlosLed1.htm">Chronicle of World War II battle that took place in Ledinghem in 1940</a> (English)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhs.ac.uk/bibl/wwwopac.exe?DATABASE=catalo&LANGUAGE=0&OPAC_URL=accesspoint.asp&SUCCESS=&%250=3081429">La bataille pour Wormhout et les crimes de guerre commis par la Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler à Esquelbecq, Ledringhem, Wormhout / Rommelaere, Guy. Association franco-britannique, 2001 (The Battle for Wormhout and the War Crimes committed by the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler at Esquelbeck, Wormhout and Ledringhem)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060512075526/http://www.rhs.ac.uk/bibl/wwwopac.exe?DATABASE=catalo">Archived</a> 12 May 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asso.nordnet.fr/aramnord/que_savoir/moulin_steenvoorde_drievenmeulen.htm">Story of Steenvoorde <i>Drievenmeulen</i> on asso.nord.fr</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memorial-genweb.org/~memorial2/html/fr/resultcommune.php?pays=France&insee=59338&dpt=59&idsource=24600&table=bp04">Ledringhem monument to the dead on memorial-genweb.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/2027012">Ledringhem cemetery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s873.photobucket.com/user/rahonour3947/library/LEDRINGHAM%20CHURCHYARD%20-%20FRANCE?sort=3&page=1">Pictures of graves in Ledringhem Military cemetery</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=19105">Commune data sheet Ledringhem</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-59338#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ledringhem.mairie.com/">Ledringhem's town hall page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080328130719/http://www.ledringhem.mairie.com/">Archived</a> 28 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Annuaire Ravet Anceau Département du Nord Année 1893</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geneawiki-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-geneawiki_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geneawiki_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geneawiki_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fr.geneawiki.com/index.php/59338_-_Ledringhem">Ledrinhem</a> at fr.geneawiki.com (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Almanach du commerce Département du Nord 1854</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estaminets.fr/Estaminets/EstaminetConsulter.php?EstId=44">Le Trou Flamand on www.estaminets.fr</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aurestaurant.com/restaurant/resultatsRecherche/d/nord/v/ledringhem/id_ville/7553">Le Trou Flamand on www.aurestaurant.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615213317/http://www.aurestaurant.com/restaurant/resultatsRecherche/d/nord/v/ledringhem/id_ville/7553">Archived</a> 15 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linternaute.com/restaurant/restaurant/89246/auberge-du-kok-smid.shtml">Auberge du Kok-Smid on www.linternaute.com</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.118000.fr/r_nord-pas-de-calais/v_ledringhem_59">Businesses directory on 118000.fr</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journal-officiel.gouv.fr/association/index.php?ACTION=Rechercher&HI_PAGE=1&HI_COMPTEUR=0&original_method=get&WHAT=ledringhem&JTH_ID=&JAN_BD_CP=&JRE_ID=&JAN_LIEU_DECL=&JTY_ID=&JTY_WALDEC=&JPA_D_D=&JPA_D_F=&rechercher.x=0&rechercher.y=0">List of associations in Ledringhem on Government Journal Officiel web site</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lejournaldesflandres.fr/actualite/La_Flandre_interieure/Wormhout/2010/01/13/une-nouvelle-association-est-nee.shtml">Association Nature et Patrimoine de Ledringhem on www.lejournaldesflandres.fr</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425141558/http://www.lejournaldesflandres.fr/actualite/La_Flandre_interieure/Wormhout/2010/01/13/une-nouvelle-association-est-nee.shtml">Archived</a> 25 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickepitchenaeres.free.fr/"><i>Les Quickpitchenaeres</i> on free.fr</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notrefamille.com/v2/services_cartes_postales/cartes-postales-detail.asp?cartepostale=302906&ville=65844&partner=patagos&emplacement=flux">Ledringhem church old photograph on notrefamille.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Base_Palissy" title="Base Palissy">Base Palissy</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/palissy/IM59001814">Orgue</a>, Ministère français de la Culture. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Base_Palissy" title="Base Palissy">Base Palissy</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/palissy/PM59000737">Autel de Saint-Omer, tabernacle, retable, 5 statues : saint Paul, saint Pierre, saint Nicolas, évêques, exposition</a>, Ministère français de la Culture. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westhoekpedia.org/les-symboles-dits-runiques-de-la-flandre-francaise/">Les symboles dits runiques en Flandre on Westhoekpedia</a> (French)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledringhem&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ledringhem" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ledringhem">Ledringhem</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prim.net/cgi_bin/citoyen/macommune/bddrm_detail_commune.php?insee=59338">Ledringem's natural catastophy risks assessment on prim.net</a> (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111206004601/http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/Locales/Dunkerque/commune/Ledringhem">Ledringhem's news on lavoixdunord.fr</a> (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavoiximmo.com/vdnimmo/recherche-geographique/immobilier-ville-Ledringhem-59470.html">Ledringhem's proprieties sales on lavoiximmo.com</a> (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.villorama.com/ledringhem.htm">Ledringhem on Villorama.com</a> (French)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Photographs</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notrefamille.com/59470-ledringhem/cartes-postales-1900-65844-ville-village.html">Ledringhem's old postal cards pictures on notrefamille.com</a> (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luchdu59.spaces.live.com/photos/cns!9778205D4B94531F!152/">Photographs of Ledringhem on Le Masquelour's blogger site</a> (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.picturefrance.fr/liste.php?hid_ref=ok&hid_cp=&hid_th=&ref=ledringhem&ville=&departement=&region=&theme=&sstheme=&sssstheme=&affichage=15&num_page=1&ordre=date_photo%20DESC">Photographs of Ledringhem on www.picturefrance.fr</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> (French)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abancourt,_Nord" title="Abancourt, Nord">Abancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abscon" title="Abscon">Abscon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aibes" title="Aibes">Aibes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aix-en-P%C3%A9v%C3%A8le" title="Aix-en-Pévèle">Aix-en-Pévèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allennes-les-Marais" title="Allennes-les-Marais">Allennes-les-Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfroipret" title="Amfroipret">Amfroipret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhiers" title="Anhiers">Anhiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aniche" title="Aniche">Aniche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneux" title="Anneux">Anneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann%C5%93ullin" title="Annœullin">Annœullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anor" title="Anor">Anor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anstaing" title="Anstaing">Anstaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzin" title="Anzin">Anzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arleux" title="Arleux">Arleux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armbouts-Cappel" title="Armbouts-Cappel">Armbouts-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenti%C3%A8res" title="Armentières">Armentières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arn%C3%A8ke" title="Arnèke">Arnèke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artres" title="Artres">Artres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assevent" title="Assevent">Assevent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attiches" title="Attiches">Attiches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubencheul-au-Bac" title="Aubencheul-au-Bac">Aubencheul-au-Bac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberchicourt" title="Auberchicourt">Auberchicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubers" title="Aubers">Aubers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubigny-au-Bac" title="Aubigny-au-Bac">Aubigny-au-Bac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubry-du-Hainaut" title="Aubry-du-Hainaut">Aubry-du-Hainaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auby" title="Auby">Auby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auchy-lez-Orchies" title="Auchy-lez-Orchies">Auchy-lez-Orchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audignies" title="Audignies">Audignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulnoye-Aymeries" title="Aulnoye-Aymeries">Aulnoye-Aymeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulnoy-lez-Valenciennes" title="Aulnoy-lez-Valenciennes">Aulnoy-lez-Valenciennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avelin" title="Avelin">Avelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avesnelles" title="Avesnelles">Avesnelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avesnes-les-Aubert" title="Avesnes-les-Aubert">Avesnes-les-Aubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avesnes-le-Sec" title="Avesnes-le-Sec">Avesnes-le-Sec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avesnes-sur-Helpe" title="Avesnes-sur-Helpe">Avesnes-sur-Helpe</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awoingt" title="Awoingt">Awoingt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachant" title="Bachant">Bachant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachy" title="Bachy">Bachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailleul,_Nord" title="Bailleul, Nord">Bailleul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baisieux" title="Baisieux">Baisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baives" title="Baives">Baives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambecque" title="Bambecque">Bambecque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banteux" title="Banteux">Banteux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantigny" title="Bantigny">Bantigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantouzelle" title="Bantouzelle">Bantouzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas-Lieu" title="Bas-Lieu">Bas-Lieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Bass%C3%A9e" title="La Bassée">La Bassée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauvin" title="Bauvin">Bauvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavay" title="Bavay">Bavay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavinchove" title="Bavinchove">Bavinchove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazuel" title="Bazuel">Bazuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaucamps-Ligny" title="Beaucamps-Ligny">Beaucamps-Ligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaudignies" title="Beaudignies">Beaudignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort,_Nord" title="Beaufort, Nord">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Beaumont-en-Cambrésis">Beaumont-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaurain" title="Beaurain">Beaurain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaurepaire-sur-Sambre" title="Beaurepaire-sur-Sambre">Beaurepaire-sur-Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaurieux,_Nord" title="Beaurieux, Nord">Beaurieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvois-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Beauvois-en-Cambrésis">Beauvois-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellaing" title="Bellaing">Bellaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellignies" title="Bellignies">Bellignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9relles" title="Bérelles">Bérelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergues" title="Bergues">Bergues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlaimont" title="Berlaimont">Berlaimont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermerain" title="Bermerain">Bermerain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermeries" title="Bermeries">Bermeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bers%C3%A9e" title="Bersée">Bersée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bersillies" title="Bersillies">Bersillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthen" title="Berthen">Berthen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertry" title="Bertry">Bertry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9thencourt" title="Béthencourt">Béthencourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettignies" title="Bettignies">Bettignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettrechies" title="Bettrechies">Bettrechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beugnies" title="Beugnies">Beugnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuvrages" title="Beuvrages">Beuvrages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuvry-la-For%C3%AAt" title="Beuvry-la-Forêt">Beuvry-la-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9villers" title="Bévillers">Bévillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bierne" title="Bierne">Bierne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissezeele" title="Bissezeele">Bissezeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaringhem" title="Blaringhem">Blaringhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A9court,_Nord" title="Blécourt, Nord">Blécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeschepe" title="Boeschepe">Boeschepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%ABseghem" title="Boëseghem">Boëseghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-Grenier" title="Bois-Grenier">Bois-Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollezeele" title="Bollezeele">Bollezeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondues" title="Bondues">Bondues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borre,_Nord" title="Borre, Nord">Borre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouchain" title="Bouchain">Bouchain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Helpe" title="Boulogne-sur-Helpe">Boulogne-sur-Helpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbourg" title="Bourbourg">Bourbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourghelles" title="Bourghelles">Bourghelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boursies" title="Boursies">Boursies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousbecque" title="Bousbecque">Bousbecque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousies" title="Bousies">Bousies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousignies" title="Bousignies">Bousignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousignies-sur-Roc" title="Bousignies-sur-Roc">Bousignies-sur-Roc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boussi%C3%A8res-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Boussières-en-Cambrésis">Boussières-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boussi%C3%A8res-sur-Sambre" title="Boussières-sur-Sambre">Boussières-sur-Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boussois" title="Boussois">Boussois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvignies" title="Bouvignies">Bouvignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvines" title="Bouvines">Bouvines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bray-Dunes" title="Bray-Dunes">Bray-Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briastre" title="Briastre">Briastre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brillon" title="Brillon">Brillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brouckerque" title="Brouckerque">Brouckerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broxeele" title="Broxeele">Broxeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruay-sur-l%27Escaut" title="Bruay-sur-l'Escaut">Bruay-sur-l'Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruille-lez-Marchiennes" title="Bruille-lez-Marchiennes">Bruille-lez-Marchiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruille-Saint-Amand" title="Bruille-Saint-Amand">Bruille-Saint-Amand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brun%C3%A9mont" title="Brunémont">Brunémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bry,_Nord" title="Bry, Nord">Bry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugnicourt" title="Bugnicourt">Bugnicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busigny" title="Busigny">Busigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buysscheure" title="Buysscheure">Buysscheure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%ABstre" title="Caëstre">Caëstre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagnoncles" title="Cagnoncles">Cagnoncles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphin-en-Carembault" title="Camphin-en-Carembault">Camphin-en-Carembault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphin-en-P%C3%A9v%C3%A8le" title="Camphin-en-Pévèle">Camphin-en-Pévèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantaing-sur-Escaut" title="Cantaing-sur-Escaut">Cantaing-sur-Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantin" title="Cantin">Cantin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capelle,_Nord" title="Capelle, Nord">Capelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capinghem" title="Capinghem">Capinghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappelle-Brouck" title="Cappelle-Brouck">Cappelle-Brouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappelle-en-P%C3%A9v%C3%A8le" title="Cappelle-en-Pévèle">Cappelle-en-Pévèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappelle-la-Grande" title="Cappelle-la-Grande">Cappelle-la-Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carni%C3%A8res" title="Carnières">Carnières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnin" title="Carnin">Carnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartignies" title="Cartignies">Cartignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassel,_Nord" title="Cassel, Nord">Cassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Cateau-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Le Cateau-Cambrésis">Le Cateau-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catillon-sur-Sambre" title="Catillon-sur-Sambre">Catillon-sur-Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catteni%C3%A8res" title="Cattenières">Cattenières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caudry" title="Caudry">Caudry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caullery" title="Caullery">Caullery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauroir" title="Cauroir">Cauroir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerfontaine,_Nord" title="Cerfontaine, Nord">Cerfontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-d%27Armenti%C3%A8res" title="La Chapelle-d'Armentières">La Chapelle-d'Armentières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau-l%27Abbaye" title="Château-l'Abbaye">Château-l'Abbaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemy" title="Chemy">Chemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9reng" title="Chéreng">Chéreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choisies" title="Choisies">Choisies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairfayts" title="Clairfayts">Clairfayts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clary,_Nord" title="Clary, Nord">Clary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobrieux" title="Cobrieux">Cobrieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleret" title="Colleret">Colleret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comines,_Nord" title="Comines, Nord">Comines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9-sur-l%27Escaut" title="Condé-sur-l'Escaut">Condé-sur-l'Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coudekerque-Branche" title="Coudekerque-Branche">Coudekerque-Branche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courchelettes" title="Courchelettes">Courchelettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cousolre" title="Cousolre">Cousolre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coutiches" title="Coutiches">Coutiches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craywick" title="Craywick">Craywick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crespin,_Nord" title="Crespin, Nord">Crespin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8vec%C5%93ur-sur-l%27Escaut" title="Crèvecœur-sur-l'Escaut">Crèvecœur-sur-l'Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crochte" title="Crochte">Crochte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix,_Nord" title="Croix, Nord">Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix-Caluyau" title="Croix-Caluyau">Croix-Caluyau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuincy" title="Cuincy">Cuincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curgies" title="Curgies">Curgies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuvillers" title="Cuvillers">Cuvillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cysoing" title="Cysoing">Cysoing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damousies" title="Damousies">Damousies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechy" title="Dechy">Dechy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deh%C3%A9ries" title="Dehéries">Dehéries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denain" title="Denain">Denain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De%C3%BBl%C3%A9mont" title="Deûlémont">Deûlémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimechaux" title="Dimechaux">Dimechaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimont" title="Dimont">Dimont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doignies" title="Doignies">Doignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dompierre-sur-Helpe" title="Dompierre-sur-Helpe">Dompierre-sur-Helpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don,_Nord" title="Don, Nord">Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchy-les-Mines" title="Douchy-les-Mines">Douchy-les-Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Doulieu" title="Le Doulieu">Le Doulieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dourlers" title="Dourlers">Dourlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drincham" title="Drincham">Drincham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebblinghem" title="Ebblinghem">Ebblinghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89caillon" title="Écaillon">Écaillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccles,_Nord" title="Eccles, Nord">Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89claibes" title="Éclaibes">Éclaibes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cu%C3%A9lin" title="Écuélin">Écuélin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eecke" title="Eecke">Eecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lesmes" title="Élesmes">Élesmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lincourt" title="Élincourt">Élincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89merchicourt" title="Émerchicourt">Émerchicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmerin" title="Emmerin">Emmerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englefontaine" title="Englefontaine">Englefontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englos" title="Englos">Englos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enneti%C3%A8res-en-Weppes" title="Ennetières-en-Weppes">Ennetières-en-Weppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennevelin" title="Ennevelin">Ennevelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eppe-Sauvage" title="Eppe-Sauvage">Eppe-Sauvage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erchin" title="Erchin">Erchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eringhem" title="Eringhem">Eringhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erquinghem-le-Sec" title="Erquinghem-le-Sec">Erquinghem-le-Sec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erquinghem-Lys" title="Erquinghem-Lys">Erquinghem-Lys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erre" title="Erre">Erre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escarmain" title="Escarmain">Escarmain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escaudain" title="Escaudain">Escaudain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escaud%C5%93uvres" title="Escaudœuvres">Escaudœuvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escautpont" title="Escautpont">Escautpont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escobecques" title="Escobecques">Escobecques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esnes" title="Esnes">Esnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquelbecq" title="Esquelbecq">Esquelbecq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquerchin" title="Esquerchin">Esquerchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estaires" title="Estaires">Estaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estourmel" title="Estourmel">Estourmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estr%C3%A9es,_Nord" title="Estrées, Nord">Estrées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estreux" title="Estreux">Estreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrun" title="Estrun">Estrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswars" title="Eswars">Eswars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eth,_Nord" title="Eth, Nord">Eth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tr%C5%93ungt" title="Étrœungt">Étrœungt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faches-Thumesnil" title="Faches-Thumesnil">Faches-Thumesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famars" title="Famars">Famars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faumont" title="Faumont">Faumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Favril,_Nord" title="Le Favril, Nord">Le Favril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9chain" title="Féchain">Féchain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feignies" title="Feignies">Feignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felleries" title="Felleries">Felleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenain" title="Fenain">Fenain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9rin" title="Férin">Férin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9ron" title="Féron">Féron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferri%C3%A8re-la-Grande" title="Ferrière-la-Grande">Ferrière-la-Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferri%C3%A8re-la-Petite" title="Ferrière-la-Petite">Ferrière-la-Petite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Flamengrie,_Nord" title="La Flamengrie, Nord">La Flamengrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaumont-Waudrechies" title="Flaumont-Waudrechies">Flaumont-Waudrechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flers-en-Escrebieux" title="Flers-en-Escrebieux">Flers-en-Escrebieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flesqui%C3%A8res" title="Flesquières">Flesquières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%AAtre" title="Flêtre">Flêtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flines-l%C3%A8s-Mortagne" title="Flines-lès-Mortagne">Flines-lès-Mortagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flines-lez-Raches" title="Flines-lez-Raches">Flines-lez-Raches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floursies" title="Floursies">Floursies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyon" title="Floyon">Floyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-au-Bois" title="Fontaine-au-Bois">Fontaine-au-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-au-Pire" title="Fontaine-au-Pire">Fontaine-au-Pire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-Notre-Dame,_Nord" title="Fontaine-Notre-Dame, Nord">Fontaine-Notre-Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Forest-en-Cambrésis">Forest-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest-sur-Marque" title="Forest-sur-Marque">Forest-sur-Marque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourmies,_Nord" title="Fourmies, Nord">Fourmies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fournes-en-Weppes" title="Fournes-en-Weppes">Fournes-en-Weppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frasnoy" title="Frasnoy">Frasnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frelinghien" title="Frelinghien">Frelinghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnes-sur-Escaut" title="Fresnes-sur-Escaut">Fresnes-sur-Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fressain" title="Fressain">Fressain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fressies" title="Fressies">Fressies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretin" title="Fretin">Fretin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fromelles" title="Fromelles">Fromelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genech" title="Genech">Genech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghissignies" title="Ghissignies">Ghissignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghyvelde" title="Ghyvelde">Ghyvelde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glageon" title="Glageon">Glageon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godewaersvelde" title="Godewaersvelde">Godewaersvelde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%93ulzin" title="Gœulzin">Gœulzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gognies-Chauss%C3%A9e" title="Gognies-Chaussée">Gognies-Chaussée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gommegnies" title="Gommegnies">Gommegnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondecourt" title="Gondecourt">Gondecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonnelieu" title="Gonnelieu">Gonnelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Gorgue" title="La Gorgue">La Gorgue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouzeaucourt" title="Gouzeaucourt">Gouzeaucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande-Synthe" title="Grande-Synthe">Grande-Synthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand-Fayt" title="Grand-Fayt">Grand-Fayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand-Fort-Philippe" title="Grand-Fort-Philippe">Grand-Fort-Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravelines" title="Gravelines">Gravelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Groise" title="La Groise">La Groise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruson" title="Gruson">Gruson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guesnain" title="Guesnain">Guesnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gussignies" title="Gussignies">Gussignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallennes-lez-Haubourdin" title="Hallennes-lez-Haubourdin">Hallennes-lez-Haubourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halluin" title="Halluin">Halluin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamel,_Nord" title="Hamel, Nord">Hamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantay" title="Hantay">Hantay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardifort" title="Hardifort">Hardifort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hargnies,_Nord" title="Hargnies, Nord">Hargnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasnon" title="Hasnon">Hasnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haspres" title="Haspres">Haspres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haubourdin" title="Haubourdin">Haubourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haucourt-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Haucourt-en-Cambrésis">Haucourt-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haulchin" title="Haulchin">Haulchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haussy" title="Haussy">Haussy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haut-Lieu" title="Haut-Lieu">Haut-Lieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hautmont" title="Hautmont">Hautmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haveluy" title="Haveluy">Haveluy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haverskerque" title="Haverskerque">Haverskerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haynecourt" title="Haynecourt">Haynecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazebrouck" title="Hazebrouck">Hazebrouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecq" title="Hecq">Hecq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lesmes" title="Hélesmes">Hélesmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hem,_Nord" title="Hem, Nord">Hem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hem-Lenglet" title="Hem-Lenglet">Hem-Lenglet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hergnies" title="Hergnies">Hergnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rin" title="Hérin">Hérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herlies" title="Herlies">Herlies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrin,_Nord" title="Herrin, Nord">Herrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzeele" title="Herzeele">Herzeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestrud" title="Hestrud">Hestrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holque" title="Holque">Holque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hon-Hergies" title="Hon-Hergies">Hon-Hergies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hondeghem" title="Hondeghem">Hondeghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hondschoote" title="Hondschoote">Hondschoote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honnechy" title="Honnechy">Honnechy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honnecourt-sur-Escaut" title="Honnecourt-sur-Escaut">Honnecourt-sur-Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hordain" title="Hordain">Hordain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornaing" title="Hornaing">Hornaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houdain-lez-Bavay" title="Houdain-lez-Bavay">Houdain-lez-Bavay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houplin-Ancoisne" title="Houplin-Ancoisne">Houplin-Ancoisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houplines" title="Houplines">Houplines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houtkerque" title="Houtkerque">Houtkerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoymille" title="Hoymille">Hoymille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illies,_Nord" title="Illies, Nord">Illies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inchy" title="Inchy">Inchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwuy" title="Iwuy">Iwuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenlain" title="Jenlain">Jenlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeumont" title="Jeumont">Jeumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jolimetz" title="Jolimetz">Jolimetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killem" title="Killem">Killem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lallaing" title="Lallaing">Lallaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambersart" title="Lambersart">Lambersart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambres-lez-Douai" title="Lambres-lez-Douai">Lambres-lez-Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landas" title="Landas">Landas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landrecies" title="Landrecies">Landrecies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lannoy,_Nord" title="Lannoy, Nord">Lannoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larouillies" title="Larouillies">Larouillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauwin-Planque" title="Lauwin-Planque">Lauwin-Planque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecelles" title="Lecelles">Lecelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9cluse" title="Lécluse">Lécluse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lederzeele" title="Lederzeele">Lederzeele</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ledringhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leers" title="Leers">Leers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leffrinckoucke" title="Leffrinckoucke">Leffrinckoucke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesdain" title="Lesdain">Lesdain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesquin" title="Lesquin">Lesquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leval,_Nord" title="Leval, Nord">Leval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewarde" title="Lewarde">Lewarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lez-Fontaine" title="Lez-Fontaine">Lez-Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezennes" title="Lezennes">Lezennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liessies" title="Liessies">Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieu-Saint-Amand" title="Lieu-Saint-Amand">Lieu-Saint-Amand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligny-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Ligny-en-Cambrésis">Ligny-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limont-Fontaine" title="Limont-Fontaine">Limont-Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linselles" title="Linselles">Linselles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locquignol" title="Locquignol">Locquignol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loffre" title="Loffre">Loffre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lompret" title="Lompret">Lompret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Longueville" title="La Longueville">La Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looberghe" title="Looberghe">Looberghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loon-Plage" title="Loon-Plage">Loon-Plage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loos,_Nord" title="Loos, Nord">Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lourches" title="Lourches">Lourches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvignies-Quesnoy" title="Louvignies-Quesnoy">Louvignies-Quesnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvil" title="Louvil">Louvil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvroil" title="Louvroil">Louvroil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynde" title="Lynde">Lynde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lys-lez-Lannoy" title="Lys-lez-Lannoy">Lys-lez-Lannoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Madeleine,_Nord" title="La Madeleine, Nord">La Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maing" title="Maing">Maing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mairieux" title="Mairieux">Mairieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Maisnil" title="Le Maisnil">Le Maisnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malincourt" title="Malincourt">Malincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbaix" title="Marbaix">Marbaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchiennes" title="Marchiennes">Marchiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcoing" title="Marcoing">Marcoing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcq-en-Bar%C5%93ul" title="Marcq-en-Barœul">Marcq-en-Barœul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcq-en-Ostrevent" title="Marcq-en-Ostrevent">Marcq-en-Ostrevent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maresches" title="Maresches">Maresches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maretz" title="Maretz">Maretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marly,_Nord" title="Marly, Nord">Marly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroilles,_Nord" title="Maroilles, Nord">Maroilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marpent" title="Marpent">Marpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette-en-Ostrevant" title="Marquette-en-Ostrevant">Marquette-en-Ostrevant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette-lez-Lille" title="Marquette-lez-Lille">Marquette-lez-Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquillies" title="Marquillies">Marquillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masni%C3%A8res" title="Masnières">Masnières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masny" title="Masny">Masny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastaing" title="Mastaing">Mastaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maubeuge" title="Maubeuge">Maubeuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulde" title="Maulde">Maulde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurois" title="Maurois">Maurois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazinghien" title="Mazinghien">Mazinghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecquignies" title="Mecquignies">Mecquignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merckeghem" title="Merckeghem">Merckeghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rignies" title="Mérignies">Mérignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merris" title="Merris">Merris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merville,_Nord" title="Merville, Nord">Merville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9teren" title="Méteren">Méteren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millam" title="Millam">Millam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millonfosse" title="Millonfosse">Millonfosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C5%93uvres" title="Mœuvres">Mœuvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monceau-Saint-Waast" title="Monceau-Saint-Waast">Monceau-Saint-Waast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monchaux-sur-%C3%89caillon" title="Monchaux-sur-Écaillon">Monchaux-sur-Écaillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncheaux" title="Moncheaux">Moncheaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monchecourt" title="Monchecourt">Monchecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mons-en-Bar%C5%93ul" title="Mons-en-Barœul">Mons-en-Barœul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mons-en-P%C3%A9v%C3%A8le" title="Mons-en-Pévèle">Mons-en-Pévèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montay" title="Montay">Montay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montigny-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Montigny-en-Cambrésis">Montigny-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montigny-en-Ostrevent" title="Montigny-en-Ostrevent">Montigny-en-Ostrevent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9court" title="Montrécourt">Montrécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morbecque" title="Morbecque">Morbecque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortagne-du-Nord" title="Mortagne-du-Nord">Mortagne-du-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouchin" title="Mouchin">Mouchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moustier-en-Fagne" title="Moustier-en-Fagne">Moustier-en-Fagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvaux" title="Mouvaux">Mouvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naves,_Nord" title="Naves, Nord">Naves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuf-Berquin" title="Neuf-Berquin">Neuf-Berquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuf-Mesnil" title="Neuf-Mesnil">Neuf-Mesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Neuville,_Nord" title="La Neuville, Nord">La Neuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-en-Avesnois" title="Neuville-en-Avesnois">Neuville-en-Avesnois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-en-Ferrain" title="Neuville-en-Ferrain">Neuville-en-Ferrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-Saint-R%C3%A9my" title="Neuville-Saint-Rémy">Neuville-Saint-Rémy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-sur-Escaut" title="Neuville-sur-Escaut">Neuville-sur-Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuvilly" title="Neuvilly">Neuvilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieppe" title="Nieppe">Nieppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niergnies" title="Niergnies">Niergnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieurlet" title="Nieurlet">Nieurlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivelle" title="Nivelle">Nivelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomain" title="Nomain">Nomain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noordpeene" title="Noordpeene">Noordpeene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyelles-l%C3%A8s-Seclin" title="Noyelles-lès-Seclin">Noyelles-lès-Seclin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyelles-sur-Escaut" title="Noyelles-sur-Escaut">Noyelles-sur-Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyelles-sur-Sambre" title="Noyelles-sur-Sambre">Noyelles-sur-Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyelles-sur-Selle" title="Noyelles-sur-Selle">Noyelles-sur-Selle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obies" title="Obies">Obies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obrechies" title="Obrechies">Obrechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochtezeele" title="Ochtezeele">Ochtezeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odomez" title="Odomez">Odomez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohain,_Nord" title="Ohain, Nord">Ohain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oisy,_Nord" title="Oisy, Nord">Oisy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onnaing" title="Onnaing">Onnaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oost-Cappel" title="Oost-Cappel">Oost-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchies" title="Orchies">Orchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ors" title="Ors">Ors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsinval" title="Orsinval">Orsinval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostricourt" title="Ostricourt">Ostricourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oudezeele" title="Oudezeele">Oudezeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxela%C3%ABre" title="Oxelaëre">Oxelaëre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paillencourt" title="Paillencourt">Paillencourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecquencourt" title="Pecquencourt">Pecquencourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9renchies" title="Pérenchies">Pérenchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ronne-en-M%C3%A9lantois" title="Péronne-en-Mélantois">Péronne-en-Mélantois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit-Fayt" title="Petit-Fayt">Petit-Fayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petite-For%C3%AAt" title="Petite-Forêt">Petite-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalempin" title="Phalempin">Phalempin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitgam" title="Pitgam">Pitgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poix-du-Nord" title="Poix-du-Nord">Poix-du-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommereuil" title="Pommereuil">Pommereuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-%C3%A0-Marcq" title="Pont-à-Marcq">Pont-à-Marcq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-sur-Sambre" title="Pont-sur-Sambre">Pont-sur-Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potelle" title="Potelle">Potelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradelles,_Nord" title="Pradelles, Nord">Pradelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mesques" title="Prémesques">Prémesques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9seau" title="Préseau">Préseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preux-au-Bois" title="Preux-au-Bois">Preux-au-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preux-au-Sart" title="Preux-au-Sart">Preux-au-Sart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisches" title="Prisches">Prisches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prouvy" title="Prouvy">Prouvy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proville" title="Proville">Proville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provin" title="Provin">Provin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qua%C3%ABdypre" title="Quaëdypre">Quaëdypre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarouble" title="Quarouble">Quarouble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9r%C3%A9naing" title="Quérénaing">Quérénaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Quesnoy" title="Le Quesnoy">Le Quesnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quesnoy-sur-De%C3%BBle" title="Quesnoy-sur-Deûle">Quesnoy-sur-Deûle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qui%C3%A9velon" title="Quiévelon">Quiévelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qui%C3%A9vrechain" title="Quiévrechain">Quiévrechain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qui%C3%A9vy" title="Quiévy">Quiévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2ches" title="Râches">Râches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radinghem-en-Weppes" title="Radinghem-en-Weppes">Radinghem-en-Weppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raillencourt-Sainte-Olle" title="Raillencourt-Sainte-Olle">Raillencourt-Sainte-Olle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimbeaucourt" title="Raimbeaucourt">Raimbeaucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainsars" title="Rainsars">Rainsars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raismes" title="Raismes">Raismes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramillies,_Nord" title="Ramillies, Nord">Ramillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramousies" title="Ramousies">Ramousies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raucourt-au-Bois" title="Raucourt-au-Bois">Raucourt-au-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recquignies" title="Recquignies">Recquignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejet-de-Beaulieu" title="Rejet-de-Beaulieu">Rejet-de-Beaulieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renescure" title="Renescure">Renescure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reumont" title="Reumont">Reumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexpo%C3%ABde" title="Rexpoëde">Rexpoëde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rib%C3%A9court-la-Tour" title="Ribécourt-la-Tour">Ribécourt-la-Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieulay" title="Rieulay">Rieulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieux-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Rieux-en-Cambrésis">Rieux-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robersart" title="Robersart">Robersart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%93ulx" title="Rœulx">Rœulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rombies-et-Marchipont" title="Rombies-et-Marchipont">Rombies-et-Marchipont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeries" title="Romeries">Romeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronchin" title="Ronchin">Ronchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roncq" title="Roncq">Roncq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roost-Warendin" title="Roost-Warendin">Roost-Warendin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosult" title="Rosult">Rosult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix">Roubaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roucourt,_Nord" title="Roucourt, Nord">Roucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rousies" title="Rousies">Rousies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouvignies" title="Rouvignies">Rouvignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubrouck" title="Rubrouck">Rubrouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Rues-des-Vignes" title="Les Rues-des-Vignes">Les Rues-des-Vignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruesnes" title="Ruesnes">Ruesnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumegies" title="Rumegies">Rumegies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumilly-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Rumilly-en-Cambrésis">Rumilly-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailly-lez-Cambrai" title="Sailly-lez-Cambrai">Sailly-lez-Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailly-lez-Lannoy" title="Sailly-lez-Lannoy">Sailly-lez-Lannoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainghin-en-M%C3%A9lantois" title="Sainghin-en-Mélantois">Sainghin-en-Mélantois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainghin-en-Weppes" title="Sainghin-en-Weppes">Sainghin-en-Weppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sains-du-Nord" title="Sains-du-Nord">Sains-du-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Amand-les-Eaux" title="Saint-Amand-les-Eaux">Saint-Amand-les-Eaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-lez-Lille" title="Saint-André-lez-Lille">Saint-André-lez-Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubert,_Nord" title="Saint-Aubert, Nord">Saint-Aubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin,_Nord" title="Saint-Aubin, Nord">Saint-Aubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aybert" title="Saint-Aybert">Saint-Aybert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Benin" title="Saint-Benin">Saint-Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie-Cappel" title="Sainte-Marie-Cappel">Sainte-Marie-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-sur-l%27Aa" title="Saint-Georges-sur-l'Aa">Saint-Georges-sur-l'Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-lez-Cambrai" title="Saint-Hilaire-lez-Cambrai">Saint-Hilaire-lez-Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-sur-Helpe" title="Saint-Hilaire-sur-Helpe">Saint-Hilaire-sur-Helpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jans-Cappel" title="Saint-Jans-Cappel">Saint-Jans-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-sur-%C3%89caillon" title="Saint-Martin-sur-Écaillon">Saint-Martin-sur-Écaillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Momelin" title="Saint-Momelin">Saint-Momelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-Brouck" title="Saint-Pierre-Brouck">Saint-Pierre-Brouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Python" title="Saint-Python">Saint-Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Remy-Chauss%C3%A9e" title="Saint-Remy-Chaussée">Saint-Remy-Chaussée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Remy-du-Nord" title="Saint-Remy-du-Nord">Saint-Remy-du-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Saulve" title="Saint-Saulve">Saint-Saulve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Souplet" title="Saint-Souplet">Saint-Souplet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sylvestre-Cappel" title="Saint-Sylvestre-Cappel">Saint-Sylvestre-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vaast-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Saint-Vaast-en-Cambrésis">Saint-Vaast-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Waast" title="Saint-Waast">Saint-Waast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesches" title="Salesches">Salesches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salom%C3%A9,_Nord" title="Salomé, Nord">Salomé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C3%A9on" title="Saméon">Saméon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancourt,_Nord" title="Sancourt, Nord">Sancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santes" title="Santes">Santes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sars-et-Rosi%C3%A8res" title="Sars-et-Rosières">Sars-et-Rosières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sars-Poteries" title="Sars-Poteries">Sars-Poteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassegnies" title="Sassegnies">Sassegnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saultain" title="Saultain">Saultain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saulzoir" title="Saulzoir">Saulzoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebourg" title="Sebourg">Sebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seclin" title="Seclin">Seclin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9meries" title="Sémeries">Sémeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semousies" title="Semousies">Semousies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Sentinelle" title="La Sentinelle">La Sentinelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepmeries" title="Sepmeries">Sepmeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequedin" title="Sequedin">Sequedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ranvillers-Forenville" title="Séranvillers-Forenville">Séranvillers-Forenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sercus" title="Sercus">Sercus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin-le-Noble" title="Sin-le-Noble">Sin-le-Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socx" title="Socx">Socx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solesmes,_Nord" title="Solesmes, Nord">Solesmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solre-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Solre-le-Château">Solre-le-Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solrinnes" title="Solrinnes">Solrinnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somain,_Nord" title="Somain, Nord">Somain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommaing" title="Sommaing">Sommaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spycker" title="Spycker">Spycker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple,_Nord" title="Staple, Nord">Staple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steenbecque" title="Steenbecque">Steenbecque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steene" title="Steene">Steene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steenvoorde" title="Steenvoorde">Steenvoorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steenwerck" title="Steenwerck">Steenwerck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strazeele" title="Strazeele">Strazeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taisni%C3%A8res-en-Thi%C3%A9rache" title="Taisnières-en-Thiérache">Taisnières-en-Thiérache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taisni%C3%A8res-sur-Hon" title="Taisnières-sur-Hon">Taisnières-sur-Hon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templemars" title="Templemars">Templemars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templeuve-en-P%C3%A9v%C3%A8le" title="Templeuve-en-Pévèle">Templeuve-en-Pévèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terdeghem" title="Terdeghem">Terdeghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9teghem-Coudekerque-Village" title="Téteghem-Coudekerque-Village">Téteghem-Coudekerque-Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiant" title="Thiant">Thiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiennes" title="Thiennes">Thiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thivencelle" title="Thivencelle">Thivencelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumeries" title="Thumeries">Thumeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thun-l%27%C3%89v%C3%AAque" title="Thun-l'Évêque">Thun-l'Évêque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thun-Saint-Amand" title="Thun-Saint-Amand">Thun-Saint-Amand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thun-Saint-Martin" title="Thun-Saint-Martin">Thun-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilloy-lez-Cambrai" title="Tilloy-lez-Cambrai">Tilloy-lez-Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilloy-lez-Marchiennes" title="Tilloy-lez-Marchiennes">Tilloy-lez-Marchiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toufflers" title="Toufflers">Toufflers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourcoing" title="Tourcoing">Tourcoing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourmignies" title="Tourmignies">Tourmignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9lon" title="Trélon">Trélon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tressin" title="Tressin">Tressin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trith-Saint-L%C3%A9ger" title="Trith-Saint-Léger">Trith-Saint-Léger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troisvilles" title="Troisvilles">Troisvilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uxem" title="Uxem">Uxem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenciennes" title="Valenciennes">Valenciennes</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendegies-au-Bois" title="Vendegies-au-Bois">Vendegies-au-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendegies-sur-%C3%89caillon" title="Vendegies-sur-Écaillon">Vendegies-sur-Écaillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendeville" title="Vendeville">Vendeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verchain-Maugr%C3%A9" title="Verchain-Maugré">Verchain-Maugré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verlinghem" title="Verlinghem">Verlinghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertain" title="Vertain">Vertain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicq,_Nord" title="Vicq, Nord">Vicq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viesly" title="Viesly">Viesly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Berquin" title="Vieux-Berquin">Vieux-Berquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Cond%C3%A9" title="Vieux-Condé">Vieux-Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Mesnil" title="Vieux-Mesnil">Vieux-Mesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Reng" title="Vieux-Reng">Vieux-Reng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-d%27Ascq" title="Villeneuve-d'Ascq">Villeneuve-d'Ascq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villereau,_Nord" title="Villereau, Nord">Villereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-au-Tertre" title="Villers-au-Tertre">Villers-au-Tertre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-en-Cauchies" title="Villers-en-Cauchies">Villers-en-Cauchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-Guislain" title="Villers-Guislain">Villers-Guislain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-Outr%C3%A9aux" title="Villers-Outréaux">Villers-Outréaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-Plouich" title="Villers-Plouich">Villers-Plouich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-Pol" title="Villers-Pol">Villers-Pol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-Sire-Nicole" title="Villers-Sire-Nicole">Villers-Sire-Nicole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volckerinckhove" title="Volckerinckhove">Volckerinckhove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vred" title="Vred">Vred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahagnies" title="Wahagnies">Wahagnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walincourt-Selvigny" title="Walincourt-Selvigny">Walincourt-Selvigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallers" title="Wallers">Wallers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallers-en-Fagne" title="Wallers-en-Fagne">Wallers-en-Fagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallon-Cappel" title="Wallon-Cappel">Wallon-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wambaix" title="Wambaix">Wambaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wambrechies" title="Wambrechies">Wambrechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandignies-Hamage" title="Wandignies-Hamage">Wandignies-Hamage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wannehain" title="Wannehain">Wannehain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wargnies-le-Grand" title="Wargnies-le-Grand">Wargnies-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wargnies-le-Petit" title="Wargnies-le-Petit">Wargnies-le-Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warhem" title="Warhem">Warhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlaing" title="Warlaing">Warlaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warneton" title="Warneton">Warneton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasnes-au-Bac" title="Wasnes-au-Bac">Wasnes-au-Bac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasquehal" title="Wasquehal">Wasquehal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watten,_Nord" title="Watten, Nord">Watten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattignies" title="Wattignies">Wattignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattignies-la-Victoire" title="Wattignies-la-Victoire">Wattignies-la-Victoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattrelos" title="Wattrelos">Wattrelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavrechain-sous-Denain" title="Wavrechain-sous-Denain">Wavrechain-sous-Denain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavrechain-sous-Faulx" title="Wavrechain-sous-Faulx">Wavrechain-sous-Faulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavrin" title="Wavrin">Wavrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziers" title="Waziers">Waziers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemaers-Cappel" title="Wemaers-Cappel">Wemaers-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wervicq-Sud" title="Wervicq-Sud">Wervicq-Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West-Cappel" title="West-Cappel">West-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicres" title="Wicres">Wicres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wignehies" title="Wignehies">Wignehies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willems,_Nord" title="Willems, Nord">Willems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willies,_Nord" title="Willies, Nord">Willies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnezeele" title="Winnezeele">Winnezeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormhout" title="Wormhout">Wormhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulverdinghe" title="Wulverdinghe">Wulverdinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wylder" title="Wylder">Wylder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zegerscappel" title="Zegerscappel">Zegerscappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zermezeele" title="Zermezeele">Zermezeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuydcoote" title="Zuydcoote">Zuydcoote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuytpeene" title="Zuytpeene">Zuytpeene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communes_in_the_canton_of_Wormhout" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wormhout" title="Template:Wormhout"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wormhout" title="Template talk:Wormhout"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wormhout" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wormhout"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communes_in_the_canton_of_Wormhout" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Communes in the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Wormhout" title="Canton of Wormhout">canton of Wormhout</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bollezeele" title="Bollezeele">Bollezeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broxeele" title="Broxeele">Broxeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquelbecq" title="Esquelbecq">Esquelbecq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzeele" title="Herzeele">Herzeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lederzeele" title="Lederzeele">Lederzeele</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ledringhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merckeghem" title="Merckeghem">Merckeghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieurlet" title="Nieurlet">Nieurlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volckerinckhove" title="Volckerinckhove">Volckerinckhove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormhout" title="Wormhout">Wormhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zegerscappel" title="Zegerscappel">Zegerscappel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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