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<span>Observance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celebration_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celebration_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Celebration gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celebration_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_celebrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_celebrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable celebrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_celebrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Independence Day (United States)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onafhanklikheidsdag_(Verenigde_State)" title="Onafhanklikheidsdag (Verenigde State) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Onafhanklikheidsdag (Verenigde State)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9)" title="يوم الاستقلال (الولايات المتحدة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوم الاستقلال (الولايات المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ADa_de_la_Independencia_de_los_Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" title="Día de la Independencia de los Estaos Xuníos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Día de la Independencia de los Estaos Xuníos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCst%C9%99qillik_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC_(AB%C5%9E)" title="Müstəqillik Günü (ABŞ) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müstəqillik Günü (ABŞ)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Дзень незалежнасці ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзень незалежнасці ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dia_de_la_Independ%C3%A8ncia_dels_Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Dia de la Independència dels Estats Units d'Amèrica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dia de la Independència dels Estats Units d'Amèrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_nez%C3%A1vislosti_(Spojen%C3%A9_st%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9)" title="Den nezávislosti (Spojené státy americké) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Den nezávislosti (Spojené státy americké)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uafh%C3%A6ngighedsdag_(USA)" title="Uafhængighedsdag (USA) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Uafhængighedsdag (USA)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unabh%C3%A4ngigkeitstag_(Vereinigte_Staaten)" title="Unabhängigkeitstag (Vereinigte Staaten) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unabhängigkeitstag (Vereinigte Staaten)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_iseseisvusp%C3%A4ev" title="Ameerika Ühendriikide iseseisvuspäev – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Ühendriikide iseseisvuspäev" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_(%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82)" title="Ημέρα Ανεξαρτησίας (Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ημέρα Ανεξαρτησίας (Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ADa_de_la_Independencia_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Día de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Día de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendependeca_tago_de_Usono" title="Sendependeca tago de Usono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sendependeca tago de Usono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independentziaren_eguna_(AEB)" title="Independentziaren eguna (AEB) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Independentziaren eguna (AEB)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="روز استقلال ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روز استقلال ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C3%B3%C3%B0ardagur_USA" title="Tjóðardagur USA – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tjóðardagur USA" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jour_de_l%27Ind%C3%A9pendance_(%C3%89tats-Unis)" title="Jour de l'Indépendance (États-Unis) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jour de l'Indépendance (États-Unis)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1_Saoirse_Mheirice%C3%A1" title="Lá Saoirse Mheiriceá – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lá Saoirse Mheiriceá" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD%EA%B8%B0%EB%85%90%EC%9D%BC_(%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD)" title="독립기념일 (미국) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독립기념일 (미국)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%85%D6%80" title="ԱՄՆ անկախության օր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԱՄՆ անկախության օր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8" title="अमेरिका का स्वतंत्रता दिवस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमेरिका का स्वतंत्रता दिवस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_nezavisnosti_(SAD)" title="Dan nezavisnosti (SAD) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dan nezavisnosti (SAD)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldaw_ti_Wayawaya_(Estados_Unidos)" title="Aldaw ti Wayawaya (Estados Unidos) – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Aldaw ti Wayawaya (Estados Unidos)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Kemerdekaan_(Amerika_Serikat)" title="Hari Kemerdekaan (Amerika Serikat) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hari Kemerdekaan (Amerika Serikat)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorno_dell%27Indipendenza_(Stati_Uniti_d%27America)" title="Giorno dell'Indipendenza (Stati Uniti d'America) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giorno dell'Indipendenza (Stati Uniti d'America)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_(%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="יום העצמאות (ארצות הברית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יום העצמאות (ארצות הברית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8_(%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D)" title="ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ದಿನ (ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ಸ್) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ದಿನ (ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ಸ್)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9A%D0%A8_%D1%82%D3%99%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%96" title="АҚШ тәуелсіздік күні – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="АҚШ тәуелсіздік күні" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D2%AF" title="АКШнын көз карандысыздык күнү – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="АКШнын көз карандысыздык күнү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dies_Libertatis_(Civitates_Foederatae_Americae)" title="Dies Libertatis (Civitates Foederatae Americae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dies Libertatis (Civitates Foederatae Americae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASV_Neatkar%C4%ABbas_diena" title="ASV Neatkarības diena – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ASV Neatkarības diena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungtini%C5%B3_Valstij%C5%B3_nepriklausomyb%C4%97s_diena" title="Jungtinių Valstijų nepriklausomybės diena – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jungtinių Valstijų nepriklausomybės diena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCggetlens%C3%A9g_napja_(Egyes%C3%BClt_%C3%81llamok)" title="Függetlenség napja (Egyesült Államok) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Függetlenség napja (Egyesült Államok)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94)" title="Ден на независноста (САД) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ден на независноста (САД)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jum_l-Indipendenza_(Stati_Uniti)" title="Jum l-Indipendenza (Stati Uniti) – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Jum l-Indipendenza (Stati Uniti)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%93%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8)" title="ზოხორინალაშ დღა (ააშ) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზოხორინალაშ დღა (ააშ)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D0%B4%D3%A9%D1%80_(%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81)" title="Тусгаар тогтнолын өдөр (Америкийн Нэгдсэн Улс) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тусгаар тогтнолын өдөр (Америкийн Нэгдсэн Улс)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF)" title="လွတ်လပ်ရေးနေ့ (အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လွတ်လပ်ရေးနေ့ (အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(Verenigde_Staten)" title="Independence Day (Verenigde Staten) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Independence Day (Verenigde Staten)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8" title="अमेरिकाको स्वतन्त्रता दिवस – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अमेरिकाको स्वतन्त्रता दिवस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5%E6%97%A5_(%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD)" title="独立記念日 (アメリカ合衆国) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="独立記念日 (アメリカ合衆国)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uavhengighetsdagen_(USA)" title="Uavhengighetsdagen (USA) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Uavhengighetsdagen (USA)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_amerikanske_sj%C3%B8lvstendedagen" title="Den amerikanske sjølvstendedagen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den amerikanske sjølvstendedagen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%81)" title="آزادی دیہاڑا (امریکہ) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آزادی دیہاڑا (امریکہ)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dia_di_Independencia_(Merca)" title="Dia di Independencia (Merca) – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Dia di Independencia (Merca)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzie%C5%84_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_(Stany_Zjednoczone)" title="Dzień Niepodległości (Stany Zjednoczone) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dzień Niepodległości (Stany Zjednoczone)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dia_da_Independ%C3%AAncia_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Dia da Independência dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dia da Independência dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziua_Independen%C8%9Bei_(Statele_Unite)" title="Ziua Independenței (Statele Unite) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ziua Independenței (Statele Unite)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="День независимости США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="День независимости США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dita_e_Pavar%C3%ABsis%C3%AB_s%C3%AB_Shteteve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara" title="Dita e Pavarësisë së Shteteve të Bashkuara – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dita e Pavarësisë së Shteteve të Bashkuara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA)" title="නිදහස් දිනය (එක්සත් ජනපදය) – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නිදහස් දිනය (එක්සත් ජනපදය)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Independence Day (United States)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C5%88_nez%C3%A1vislosti_(USA)" title="Deň nezávislosti (USA) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Deň nezávislosti (USA)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_neodvisnosti_(ZDA)" title="Dan neodvisnosti (ZDA) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dan neodvisnosti (ZDA)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_(%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94)" title="Дан независности (САД) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дан независности (САД)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_itsen%C3%A4isyysp%C3%A4iv%C3%A4" title="Yhdysvaltain itsenäisyyspäivä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain itsenäisyyspäivä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA:s_sj%C3%A4lvst%C3%A4ndighetsdag" title="USA:s självständighetsdag – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="USA:s självständighetsdag" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E_(%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90)" title="วันประกาศอิสรภาพ (สหรัฐ) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วันประกาศอิสรภาพ (สหรัฐ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%AF%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%9B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90" title="Рӯзи истиқлоли ИМА – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рӯзи истиқлоли ИМА" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ms%C4%B1zl%C4%B1k_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC_(Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri)" title="Bağımsızlık Günü (Amerika Birleşik Devletleri) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bağımsızlık Günü (Amerika Birleşik Devletleri)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam_Sa%CC%B1t_(A%CC%B1merika)" title="Mam Sa̱t (A̱merika) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Mam Sa̱t (A̱merika)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="День незалежності США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="День незалежності США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_(%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7)" title="یوم آزادی (ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یوم آزادی (ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A0y_%C4%90%E1%BB%99c_l%E1%BA%ADp_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Ngày Độc lập Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngày Độc lập Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A5" title="美国独立日 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美国独立日" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A5" title="美國獨立日 – 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For the calendar date, see <a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fourth_of_July_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fourth of July (disambiguation)">Fourth of July (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" style="background-color: transparent">Independence Day</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument,_1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument%2C_1986.jpg/240px-Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument%2C_1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument%2C_1986.jpg/360px-Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument%2C_1986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument%2C_1986.jpg/480px-Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument%2C_1986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1652" data-file-height="2513" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="caption">Fireworks displays, such as these over the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> in 1986, take place annually across the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> on July 4th, known as Independence Day.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also called</th><td class="infobox-data">Fourth of July</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observed by</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_day" title="National day">National day</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Significance</th><td class="infobox-data summary">The day in 1776 that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Celebrations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">Fireworks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Family_reunion" title="Family reunion">family reunions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">concerts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbecue_in_the_United_States" title="Barbecue in the United States">barbecues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picnic" title="Picnic">picnics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade">parades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball games</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">July 4<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Annual</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Independence Day</b>, known <a href="/wiki/Colloquial" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloquial">colloquially</a> as the <b>Fourth of July</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Federal_holiday_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal holiday in the United States">federal holiday in the United States</a> which commemorates the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> on July 4, 1776, establishing the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Father</a> delegates of the Second Continental Congress declared that the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> were no longer subject (and subordinate) to the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">monarch of Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">King George III</a>, and were now united, free, and independent states.<sup id="cite_ref-whatis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whatis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Congress voted to approve independence by passing the <a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a> on July 2 and adopted the Declaration of Independence two days later, on July 4.<sup id="cite_ref-whatis_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whatis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Independence Day is commonly associated with <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade">parades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbecue_in_the_United_States" title="Barbecue in the United States">barbecues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traveling_carnival" title="Traveling carnival">carnivals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funfair" class="mw-redirect" title="Funfair">fairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picnic" title="Picnic">picnics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">concerts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20220703_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20220703-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Family_reunion" title="Family reunion">family reunions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Political speech">political speeches</a>, and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the <a href="/wiki/National_day" title="National day">national day</a> of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, the legal separation of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">thirteen colonies</a> from Great Britain in 1776 actually occurred on July 2, when the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> voted to approve a <a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">resolution of independence</a> that had been proposed in June by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> declaring the United States independent from Great Britain's rule.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tws20novllpkl_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tws20novllpkl-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After voting for independence, Congress turned its attention to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>, a statement explaining this decision, which had been prepared by the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Five" title="Committee of Five">Committee of Five</a>, which asked <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> to author its first draft. </p><p>While Jefferson consulted extensively with the other four members of the Committee of Five, he largely wrote the Declaration of Independence in isolation over 17 days between June 11, 1776, and June 28, 1776, from the second floor he was renting in a three-story private home at 700 <a href="/wiki/Market_Street_(Philadelphia)" title="Market Street (Philadelphia)">Market Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, now known as the Declaration House, and within walking distance of <a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration, removing Jefferson's vigorous denunciation of <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">King George III</a> for importing the <a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave Trade">slave trade</a>, finally approving it two days later on July 4. A day earlier, <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> wrote to his wife <a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail</a>:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The second day of July 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance, by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forever more.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Adams's prediction was off by two days. From the outset, Americans celebrated independence on July 4, the date shown on the much-publicized Declaration of Independence, rather than on July 2, the date the resolution of independence was approved in a closed session of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historians have long disputed whether members of Congress signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4, even though Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> all later wrote that they had signed it on that day. Most historians have concluded that the Declaration was signed nearly a month after its adoption, on August 2, 1776, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By remarkable coincidence, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, the only two signatories of the Declaration of Independence later to serve as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">presidents of the United States</a>, both died on the same day: July 4, 1826, which was the 50th anniversary of the Declaration.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although not a signatory of the Declaration of Independence, <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a>, another <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Father</a> who was elected president, also died on July 4, 1831, making him the third President who died on the anniversary of independence.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only U.S. president to have been born on Independence Day was <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a>, who was born on July 4, 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observance">Observance</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SaturdayEveningPost5Jul1924.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/SaturdayEveningPost5Jul1924.jpg/220px-SaturdayEveningPost5Jul1924.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/SaturdayEveningPost5Jul1924.jpg/330px-SaturdayEveningPost5Jul1924.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/SaturdayEveningPost5Jul1924.jpg/440px-SaturdayEveningPost5Jul1924.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Independence Day issue of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post" title="The Saturday Evening Post">The Saturday Evening Post</a></i> in 1924</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_1902_Fourth_of_July_fireworks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/American_1902_Fourth_of_July_fireworks.jpg/220px-American_1902_Fourth_of_July_fireworks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/American_1902_Fourth_of_July_fireworks.jpg/330px-American_1902_Fourth_of_July_fireworks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/American_1902_Fourth_of_July_fireworks.jpg/440px-American_1902_Fourth_of_July_fireworks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8660" data-file-height="5516" /></a><figcaption>An illustration of American children celebrating noisily in a 1902 <i>Puck</i> cartoon</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In 1777, thirteen <a href="/wiki/Gunshot" title="Gunshot">gunshots</a> were fired in salute, once at morning and once again as evening fell, on July 4 in <a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Rhode_Island" title="Bristol, Rhode Island">Bristol, Rhode Island</a>. An article in the July 18, 1777, issue of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Virginia_Gazette" title="The Virginia Gazette">The Virginia Gazette</a></i> noted a celebration in Philadelphia in a manner a modern American would find familiar: an official dinner for the Continental Congress, toasts, <a href="/wiki/Saluting_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Saluting guns">13-gun salutes</a>, speeches, prayers, music, parades, troop reviews, and fireworks. Ships in port were decked with red, white, and blue bunting.<sup id="cite_ref-heintze_first_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heintze_first-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1778, from his headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Ross_Hall" title="Ross Hall">Ross Hall</a>, near <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick, New Jersey</a>, General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> marked July 4 with a double ration of <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a> for his soldiers and an artillery salute (<i><a href="/wiki/Feu_de_joie" title="Feu de joie">feu de joie</a></i>). Across the Atlantic Ocean, <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_(diplomacy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassador (diplomacy)">ambassadors</a> John Adams and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> held a dinner for their fellow Americans in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France.<sup id="cite_ref-heintze_chron_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heintze_chron-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1779, July 4 fell on a Sunday. The holiday was celebrated on Monday, July 5.<sup id="cite_ref-heintze_chron_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heintze_chron-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1781, the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts General Court</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">state legislature</a> to recognize July 4 as a state celebration.<sup id="cite_ref-heintze_chron_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heintze_chron-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1783, <a href="/wiki/Old_Salem" title="Old Salem">Salem, North Carolina</a>, held a celebration with a challenging music program assembled by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Peter" title="Johann Friedrich Peter">Johann Friedrich Peter</a> entitled <i>The Psalm of Joy</i>. The town claims it to be the first public July 4 event, as it was carefully documented by the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian Church</a>, and there are no government records of any earlier celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1870, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a> made Independence Day an unpaid holiday for federal employees.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1938, Congress changed Independence Day to a paid federal holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customs">Customs</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:InvitationIndependenceDayGreenwichCT06201825.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/InvitationIndependenceDayGreenwichCT06201825.jpg/220px-InvitationIndependenceDayGreenwichCT06201825.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/InvitationIndependenceDayGreenwichCT06201825.jpg/330px-InvitationIndependenceDayGreenwichCT06201825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/InvitationIndependenceDayGreenwichCT06201825.jpg/440px-InvitationIndependenceDayGreenwichCT06201825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>An 1825 invitation to an Independence Day celebration</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4th_of_July_Independence_Day_Parade_2014_DC_(14466486678).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/4th_of_July_Independence_Day_Parade_2014_DC_%2814466486678%29.jpg/220px-4th_of_July_Independence_Day_Parade_2014_DC_%2814466486678%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/4th_of_July_Independence_Day_Parade_2014_DC_%2814466486678%29.jpg/330px-4th_of_July_Independence_Day_Parade_2014_DC_%2814466486678%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/4th_of_July_Independence_Day_Parade_2014_DC_%2814466486678%29.jpg/440px-4th_of_July_Independence_Day_Parade_2014_DC_%2814466486678%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3680" data-file-height="2456" /></a><figcaption>A 2014 Independence Day parade in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, the national capital</figcaption></figure> <p>Independence Day is a <a href="/wiki/National_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="National Day">national holiday</a> marked by patriotic displays. Per <a href="/wiki/Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 5 of the United States Code">5 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/6103">§ 6103</a>, Independence Day is a federal holiday, so all non-essential federal institutions (such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">postal service</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="United States federal courts">federal courts</a>) are closed on that day. While the legal holiday remains on July 4, if that date happens to be on a Saturday or Sunday, then federal government employees will instead take the day off on the adjacent Friday or Monday, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other non-essential that are non-government related may also be closed that day.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Families often celebrate Independence Day by hosting or attending a picnic or barbecue;<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many take advantage of the day off and, in some years, a long weekend to gather with family members or friends. Parades are often attended in many towns and cities, some being hours-long, with many floats and participants. Parades are often held in the mid-late morning (before get-togethers), with longer spectacles sometimes extending into the early afternoon. Fireworks displays typically occur in the evening, at such places as parks, harbors, off of boats, sporting venues, fairgrounds, public shorelines, or town squares.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Decorations (e.g., streamers, balloons, and clothing) are generally colored red, white, and blue, the colors of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">American flag</a>, and many homes and businesses will decorate their properties with miniature American flags. </p><p>The night before the Fourth was once the focal point of celebrations, marked by raucous gatherings, often incorporating <a href="/wiki/Bonfires" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonfires">bonfires</a> as their highlight. In <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, towns competed to build towering pyramids, assembled from barrels and casks. They were lit at nightfall to usher in the celebration. The highest ever were in <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem, Massachusetts</a>, with pyramids composed of as many as forty tiers of barrels. These made some of the tallest bonfires ever recorded. The custom flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries and is still practiced in some New England and northeastern towns.<sup id="cite_ref-appelbaum_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appelbaum-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Independence Day <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a> are often accompanied by patriotic songs,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>" (the American <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a>); "<a href="/wiki/Columbia,_the_Gem_of_the_Ocean" title="Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean">Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean</a>"; "<a href="/wiki/God_Bless_America" title="God Bless America">God Bless America</a>"; "<a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful" title="America the Beautiful">America the Beautiful</a>"; "<a href="/wiki/My_Country,_%27Tis_of_Thee" title="My Country, 'Tis of Thee">My Country, 'Tis of Thee</a>"; "<a href="/wiki/This_Land_Is_Your_Land" title="This Land Is Your Land">This Land Is Your Land</a>"; "<a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_Forever" class="mw-redirect" title="Stars and Stripes Forever">Stars and Stripes Forever</a>"; "<a href="/wiki/Yankee_Doodle" title="Yankee Doodle">Yankee Doodle</a>"; "<a href="/wiki/God_Bless_the_U.S.A." title="God Bless the U.S.A.">God Bless the U.S.A.</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Dixie_(song)" title="Dixie (song)">Dixie</a>" (in southern states); "<a href="/wiki/Lift_Every_Voice_and_Sing" title="Lift Every Voice and Sing">Lift Every Voice and Sing</a>"; and occasionally (but has nominally fallen out of favor), "<a href="/wiki/Hail_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hail Columbia">Hail Columbia</a>". Some of the lyrics recall images of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> or the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Firework shows are held in many states,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many fireworks are sold for personal use or as an alternative to a public show. Safety concerns have led some states to ban fireworks or limit the sizes and types allowed. In addition, local and regional conditions may dictate whether the sale or use of fireworks in an area will be allowed; for example, the <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_global_supply_chain_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 global supply chain crisis">global supply chain crisis</a> following the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> forced cancellations of shows.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some local or regional firework sales are limited or prohibited because of dry weather or other specific concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On these occasions the public may be prohibited from purchasing or discharging fireworks, but professional displays (such as those at sports events) may still take place.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A salute of one gun for each state in the United States, called a "salute to the union", is fired on Independence Day at noon by any capable military base.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New York City has the largest fireworks display in the country sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s" title="Macy's">Macy's</a>, with more than 22 tons of pyrotechnics exploded in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-USA_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It generally holds displays in the East River. Other major displays are in Seattle on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Union" title="Lake Union">Lake Union</a>; in San Diego over <a href="/wiki/Mission_Bay,_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Bay, San Diego, California">Mission Bay</a>; in Boston on the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a>; in Philadelphia over the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a>; in San Francisco over the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a>; and on the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a> in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the annual <a href="/wiki/Windsor%E2%80%93Detroit_International_Freedom_Festival" title="Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival">Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a>, hosts one of the largest fireworks displays in North America, over the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a>, to celebrate Independence Day in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a>'s celebration of <a href="/wiki/Canada_Day" title="Canada Day">Canada Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first week of July is typically one of the busiest United States travel periods of the year, as many people use what is often a three-day holiday weekend for extended vacation trips.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Celebration_gallery">Celebration gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Independence_Day%2C_1940_Promotion.ogv/200px--Independence_Day%2C_1940_Promotion.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="150" data-durationhint="42" data-mwtitle="Independence_Day,_1940_Promotion.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Independence_Day%2C_1940_Promotion.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/Independence_Day%2C_1940_Promotion.ogv/Independence_Day%2C_1940_Promotion.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/Independence_Day%2C_1940_Promotion.ogv/Independence_Day%2C_1940_Promotion.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/Independence_Day%2C_1940_Promotion.ogv/Independence_Day%2C_1940_Promotion.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Patriotic trailer shown in theaters celebrating July 4, 1940</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:July_4th_fireworks,_Washington,_D.C._LOC_8385170598.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fireworks over the National Mall in Washington, D.C., every July 4 are preceded by a concert known as A Capitol Fourth, which takes place outside the U.S. Capitol and is televised on the American public television network PBS."><img alt="Fireworks over the National Mall in Washington, D.C., every July 4 are preceded by a concert known as A Capitol Fourth, which takes place outside the U.S. Capitol and is televised on the American public television network PBS." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/July_4th_fireworks%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LOC_8385170598.jpg/200px-July_4th_fireworks%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LOC_8385170598.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/July_4th_fireworks%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LOC_8385170598.jpg/300px-July_4th_fireworks%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LOC_8385170598.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/July_4th_fireworks%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LOC_8385170598.jpg/400px-July_4th_fireworks%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LOC_8385170598.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="699" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fireworks over the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a> in Washington, D.C., every July 4 are preceded by a concert known as <a href="/wiki/A_Capitol_Fourth" title="A Capitol Fourth">A Capitol Fourth</a>, which takes place outside the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a> and is televised on the American public television network <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miamifireworks.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="In addition to a fireworks show, Miami, Florida, lights one of its tallest buildings with the patriotic red, white and blue color scheme on Independence Day."><img alt="In addition to a fireworks show, Miami, Florida, lights one of its tallest buildings with the patriotic red, white and blue color scheme on Independence Day." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Miamifireworks.jpg/200px-Miamifireworks.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Miamifireworks.jpg/300px-Miamifireworks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Miamifireworks.jpg/400px-Miamifireworks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">In addition to a fireworks show, <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, lights <a href="/wiki/Miami_Tower" title="Miami Tower">one of its tallest buildings</a> with the patriotic red, white and blue <a href="/wiki/Color_scheme" title="Color scheme">color scheme</a> on Independence Day.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fireworks_over_the_East_Village_of_New_York_City.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="New York City's fireworks display, shown above over the East Village, is sponsored by Macy's and is the largest[34] in the country."><img alt="New York City's fireworks display, shown above over the East Village, is sponsored by Macy's and is the largest[34] in the country." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Fireworks_over_the_East_Village_of_New_York_City.JPG/200px-Fireworks_over_the_East_Village_of_New_York_City.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Fireworks_over_the_East_Village_of_New_York_City.JPG/300px-Fireworks_over_the_East_Village_of_New_York_City.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Fireworks_over_the_East_Village_of_New_York_City.JPG/400px-Fireworks_over_the_East_Village_of_New_York_City.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">New York City's fireworks display, shown above over the <a href="/wiki/East_Village,_Manhattan" title="East Village, Manhattan">East Village</a>, is sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s" title="Macy's">Macy's</a> and is the largest<sup id="cite_ref-USA_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the country.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourth_of_July_Lubec.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Towns of all sizes hold celebrations. Shown here is a fireworks display in America's most eastern town, Lubec, Maine, population 1,300. Canada is across the channel to the right."><img alt="Towns of all sizes hold celebrations. Shown here is a fireworks display in America's most eastern town, Lubec, Maine, population 1,300. Canada is across the channel to the right." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fourth_of_July_Lubec.jpg/200px-Fourth_of_July_Lubec.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fourth_of_July_Lubec.jpg/300px-Fourth_of_July_Lubec.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fourth_of_July_Lubec.jpg/400px-Fourth_of_July_Lubec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4015" data-file-height="2352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Towns of all sizes hold celebrations. Shown here is a fireworks display in America's most eastern town, <a href="/wiki/Lubec,_Maine" title="Lubec, Maine">Lubec, Maine</a>, population 1,300. Canada is across the channel to the right.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourth_of_July_Cake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A festively decorated Independence Day cake"><img alt="A festively decorated Independence Day cake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fourth_of_July_Cake.jpg/200px-Fourth_of_July_Cake.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fourth_of_July_Cake.jpg/300px-Fourth_of_July_Cake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fourth_of_July_Cake.jpg/400px-Fourth_of_July_Cake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A festively decorated Independence Day cake</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Narberth_Fireworks_July_4th_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fireworks in Narberth, Pennsylvania."><img alt="Fireworks in Narberth, Pennsylvania." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Narberth_Fireworks_July_4th_2008.jpg/200px-Narberth_Fireworks_July_4th_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Narberth_Fireworks_July_4th_2008.jpg/300px-Narberth_Fireworks_July_4th_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Narberth_Fireworks_July_4th_2008.jpg/400px-Narberth_Fireworks_July_4th_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fireworks in <a href="/wiki/Narberth,_Pennsylvania" title="Narberth, Pennsylvania">Narberth, Pennsylvania</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chico_4th_of_July_Parade_2024-104A2396.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="4th of July Parade in Chico, California, 2024"><img alt="4th of July Parade in Chico, California, 2024" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Chico_4th_of_July_Parade_2024-104A2396.jpg/188px-Chico_4th_of_July_Parade_2024-104A2396.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Chico_4th_of_July_Parade_2024-104A2396.jpg/281px-Chico_4th_of_July_Parade_2024-104A2396.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Chico_4th_of_July_Parade_2024-104A2396.jpg/375px-Chico_4th_of_July_Parade_2024-104A2396.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">4th of July Parade in <a href="/wiki/Chico,_California" title="Chico, California">Chico, California</a>, 2024</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_celebrations">Notable celebrations</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spirit_of_%2776.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Spirit_of_%2776.jpg/220px-Spirit_of_%2776.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Spirit_of_%2776.jpg/330px-Spirit_of_%2776.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Spirit_of_%2776.jpg/440px-Spirit_of_%2776.jpg 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Originally called "<a href="/wiki/Yankee_Doodle" title="Yankee Doodle">Yankee Doodle</a>", this is one of several versions of a scene painted by <a href="/wiki/Archibald_MacNeal_Willard" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald MacNeal Willard">A. M. Willard</a> that came to be known as <i><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Willard#The_Spirit_of_'76" title="Archibald Willard">The Spirit of '76</a></i>. Often imitated or parodied, it is a familiar symbol of American patriotism.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm/220px--Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="61" data-mwtitle="Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington,_DC_2019.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington,_DC_2019.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm/Independence_Day_Parade_for_the_Fourth_of_July_in_Washington%2C_DC_2019.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>The 2019 Independence Day parade in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Held since 1785, the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Fourth_of_July_Parade" title="Bristol Fourth of July Parade">Bristol Fourth of July Parade</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Rhode_Island" title="Bristol, Rhode Island">Bristol, Rhode Island</a>, is the oldest continuous Independence Day celebration in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Since 1868, <a href="/wiki/Seward,_Nebraska" title="Seward, Nebraska">Seward, Nebraska</a>, has held a celebration on the same town square. In 1979 Seward was designated "America's Official Fourth of July City-Small Town USA" by resolution of Congress. Seward has also been proclaimed "Nebraska's Official Fourth of July City" by Governor <a href="/wiki/J._James_Exon" title="J. James Exon">J. James Exon</a> in proclamation. Seward is a town of 6,000 but swells to 40,000+ during the July 4 celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-Seward_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seward-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Since 1912, the Rebild Society, a Danish-American friendship organization, has held a July 4 weekend festival that serves as a homecoming for Danish-Americans in the <a href="/wiki/Rebild_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebild Hills">Rebild Hills</a> of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Since 1959, the <a href="/wiki/Windsor-Detroit_International_Freedom_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsor-Detroit International Freedom Festival">International Freedom Festival</a> is jointly held in Detroit, Michigan, and <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a>, during the last week of June each year as a mutual celebration of Independence Day and <a href="/wiki/Canada_Day" title="Canada Day">Canada Day</a> (July 1). It culminates in a large fireworks display over the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a>.</li> <li>The famous <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s" title="Macy's">Macy's</a> fireworks display usually held over the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> in New York City has been televised nationwide on <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, and locally on <a href="/wiki/WNBC-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WNBC-TV">WNBC-TV</a> since 1976. In 2009, the fireworks display was returned to the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> for the first time since 2000 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</a>'s exploration of that river.<sup id="cite_ref-macys2009_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macys2009-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Pops_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Pops Orchestra">Boston Pops Orchestra</a> has hosted a music and fireworks show over the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Esplanade" title="Charles River Esplanade">Charles River Esplanade</a> called the "Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular" annually since 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-boston4_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boston4-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cannons are traditionally fired during the <a href="/wiki/1812_Overture" title="1812 Overture">1812 Overture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20220703_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20220703-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event was broadcast nationally from 1991 until 2002 on <a href="/wiki/A%26E_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="A&E (TV channel)">A&E</a>, and since 2002 by <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> and its Boston station <a href="/wiki/WBZ-TV" title="WBZ-TV">WBZ-TV</a>. <a href="/wiki/WBZ_(AM)" title="WBZ (AM)">WBZ/1030</a> and WBZ-TV broadcast the entire event locally, and from 2002 through 2012, CBS broadcast the final hour of the concert nationally in primetime. The national broadcast was put on hiatus beginning in 2013, which Pops executive producer <a href="/wiki/David_G._Mugar" title="David G. Mugar">David G. Mugar</a> believed was the result of decreasing viewership <a href="/wiki/Counterprogramming_(television)" title="Counterprogramming (television)">caused by</a> NBC's encore presentation of the Macy's fireworks.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bg-popsnonational_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bg-popsnonational-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The national broadcast was revived for 2016, and expanded to two hours.<sup id="cite_ref-bh-cbsfireworks16_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh-cbsfireworks16-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Television" title="Bloomberg Television">Bloomberg Television</a> took over coverage duty, with <a href="/wiki/WHDH_(TV)" title="WHDH (TV)">WHDH</a> carrying local coverage beginning in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">Capitol</a> lawn in Washington, D.C., <i><a href="/wiki/A_Capitol_Fourth" title="A Capitol Fourth">A Capitol Fourth</a></i>, a free concert broadcast live by <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Forces_Network" title="American Forces Network">American Forces Network</a>, precedes the fireworks and attracts over half a million people annually.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4th_of_July,_Manila,_Philippines,_circa_1905_(7466596308).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/4th_of_July%2C_Manila%2C_Philippines%2C_circa_1905_%287466596308%29.jpg/220px-4th_of_July%2C_Manila%2C_Philippines%2C_circa_1905_%287466596308%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/4th_of_July%2C_Manila%2C_Philippines%2C_circa_1905_%287466596308%29.jpg/330px-4th_of_July%2C_Manila%2C_Philippines%2C_circa_1905_%287466596308%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/4th_of_July%2C_Manila%2C_Philippines%2C_circa_1905_%287466596308%29.jpg/440px-4th_of_July%2C_Manila%2C_Philippines%2C_circa_1905_%287466596308%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1957" data-file-height="1326" /></a><figcaption>The 4th of July in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1905</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> celebrates July 4 as its <a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(Philippines)" title="Republic Day (Philippines)">Republic Day</a> to commemorate the day in 1946 when it ceased to be a <a href="/wiki/U.S._territory" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. territory">U.S. territory</a> and the United States officially recognized <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%9365)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1946–65)">Philippine Independence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gov.Ph_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gov.Ph-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> July 4 was intentionally chosen by the United States because it corresponds to its Independence Day, and this day was observed in the Philippines as <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Philippines)" title="Independence Day (Philippines)">Independence Day</a> until 1962. In 1964, the name of the July 4 holiday was changed to Republic Day. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rebild_National_Park" title="Rebild National Park">Rebild National Park</a> in Denmark is said to hold the largest July 4 celebrations outside of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While not an Independence Day celebration by any means, the city of <a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> celebrates its founding every July 4, having been founded on July 4, 1634.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trois-Rivières was also the site of the final battle of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> that was fought on Quebec soil in June 1776,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Battle of Trois-Rivières">Battle of Trois-Rivières</a>, which was also a part of the Continental Army's failed <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Invasion of Quebec (1775)">American Invasion of Quebec</a>. Following a defeat at the hands of the British, the Continental Army retreated to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint-Jean_(Quebec)" title="Fort Saint-Jean (Quebec)">Fort Saint-Jean</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu" title="Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu">Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu</a>, Quebec, and then to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Fort Ticonderoga">Fort Ticonderoga</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ticonderoga,_New_York" title="Ticonderoga, New York">Ticonderoga</a>, New York, before permanently ceasing their invasion of Quebec in July 1776.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the English city of <a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a>, its <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_Cathedral" title="Gloucester Cathedral">cathedral</a> rang bells in 2019 and 2020 for the anthem "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>" every July 4 for its <a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner#John_Stafford_Smith's_music" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">links to the anthem</a>, commemorating its status as the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/John_Stafford_Smith" title="John Stafford Smith">John Stafford Smith</a>, who composed the tune on which the anthem is based.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calendar_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/22px-Calendar_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/33px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/44px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="654" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Holidays" title="Portal:Holidays">Holidays portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">Federal holidays in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_occasions_known_by_their_dates" title="List of occasions known by their dates">List of occasions known by their dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_on_the_Fourth_of_July_(film)" title="Born on the Fourth of July (film)"><i>Born on the Fourth of July</i> (film)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Federal law (5 U.S.C. 6103) establishes the public holidays . . . for Federal employees. Please note that most Federal employees work on a Monday through Friday schedule. For these employees, when a holiday falls on a nonworkday – Saturday or Sunday --the holiday usually is observed on Monday (if the holiday falls on Sunday) or Friday (if the holiday falls on Saturday)." <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/federal-holidays/">"Federal Holidays"</a>. <i>U.S. Office of Personnel Management</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Office+of+Personnel+Management&rft.atitle=Federal+Holidays&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opm.gov%2Fpolicy-data-oversight%2Fpay-leave%2Ffederal-holidays%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-whatis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whatis_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whatis_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190622164753/http://technotes.whw1.com/all/78-differences-days-of-memorial-veterans-independence-and-labor#What-is-Independence-Day-in-USA">"What is Independence Day in USA?"</a>. Tech Notes. July 2, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://technotes.whw1.com/all/78-differences-days-of-memorial-veterans-independence-and-labor#What-is-Independence-Day-in-USA">the original</a> on June 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Independence+Day+in+USA%3F&rft.pub=Tech+Notes&rft.date=2015-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechnotes.whw1.com%2Fall%2F78-differences-days-of-memorial-veterans-independence-and-labor%23What-is-Independence-Day-in-USA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20220703-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20220703_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20220703_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernández2022" class="citation news cs1">Hernández, Javier C. (July 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/03/arts/music/1812-overture-russia-ukraine.html">"Amid Ukraine War, Orchestras Rethink '1812 Overture,' a July 4 Rite – Some ensembles have decided not to perform Tchaikovsky's overture, written as commemoration of Russia's defeat of Napoleon's army"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704100753/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/03/arts/music/1812-overture-russia-ukraine.html/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Amid+Ukraine+War%2C+Orchestras+Rethink+%271812+Overture%2C%27+a+July+4+Rite+%E2%80%93+Some+ensembles+have+decided+not+to+perform+Tchaikovsky%27s+overture%2C+written+as+commemoration+of+Russia%27s+defeat+of+Napoleon%27s+army.&rft.date=2022-07-03&rft.aulast=Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Javier+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F07%2F03%2Farts%2Fmusic%2F1812-overture-russia-ukraine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Embassies/2-Foreign-representatives-to-NZ/National-Days.php">"National Days of Countries"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade_(New_Zealand)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (New Zealand)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade</a></i>. New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110904040859/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Embassies/2-Foreign-representatives-to-NZ/National-Days.php">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+and+Trade&rft.atitle=National+Days+of+Countries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfat.govt.nz%2FEmbassies%2F2-Foreign-representatives-to-NZ%2FNational-Days.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Intelligence_Agency" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124245/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2109.html">"National Holiday"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2109.html">the original</a> on May 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=National+Holiday&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2109.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/members/holidays.shtml">"National Holiday of Member States"</a>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702163851/http://www.un.org/en/members/holidays.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Holiday+of+Member+States&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fmembers%2Fholidays.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Becker, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tws20novllpkl-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tws20novllpkl_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_writer1917" class="citation news cs1">Staff writer (July 1, 1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1917/07/01/96251561.pdf">"How Declaration of Independence was Drafted"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200704004050/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1917/07/01/96251561.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2009</span>. <q>On the following day, when the formal vote of Congress was taken, the resolutions were approved by twelve Colonies–all except New York. The original Colonies, therefore, became the United States of America on July 2, 1776.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Declaration+of+Independence+was+Drafted&rft.date=1917-07-01&rft.au=Staff+writer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1917%2F07%2F01%2F96251561.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/inde/planyourvisit/declarationhouse.htm">"Visit the Declaration House"</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> official website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masshist.org/digitaladams/aea/cfm/doc.cfm?id=L17760703jasecond">"Letter from John Adams to Abigail Adams, 3 July 1776, 'Had a Declaration...'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Adams Family Papers</i>. Massachusetts Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110806114752/http://www.masshist.org/digitaladams/aea/cfm/doc.cfm?id=L17760703jasecond">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adams+Family+Papers&rft.atitle=Letter+from+John+Adams+to+Abigail+Adams%2C+3+July+1776%2C+%27Had+a+Declaration...%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masshist.org%2Fdigitaladams%2Faea%2Fcfm%2Fdoc.cfm%3Fid%3DL17760703jasecond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaier1997" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Maier" title="Pauline Maier">Maier, Pauline</a> (August 7, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanheritage.com/making-sense-fourth-july">"Making Sense of the Fourth of July"</a>. <i>American Heritage</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190903223904/https://www.americanheritage.com/making-sense-fourth-july">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=Making+Sense+of+the+Fourth+of+July&rft.date=1997-08-07&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Fmaking-sense-fourth-july&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnett1941" class="citation book cs1">Burnett, Edward Cody (1941). <i>The Continental Congress</i>. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 191–96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1104991852" title="Special:BookSources/978-1104991852"><bdi>978-1104991852</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Continental+Congress&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=191-96&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=1941&rft.isbn=978-1104991852&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=Edward+Cody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren1945" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Warren_(U.S._author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Warren (U.S. author)">Warren, Charles</a> (July 1945). "Fourth of July Myths". <i><a href="/wiki/William_and_Mary_Quarterly" title="William and Mary Quarterly">William and Mary Quarterly</a></i>. 3d. <b>2</b> (3): 238–272. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1921451">10.2307/1921451</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1921451">1921451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Fourth+of+July+Myths&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=238-272&rft.date=1945-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1921451&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1921451%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hnn.us/articles/132.html">"Top 5 Myths About the Fourth of July!"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/History_News_Network" title="History News Network">History News Network</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>. June 30, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090703195326/http://hnn.us/articles/132.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+News+Network&rft.atitle=Top+5+Myths+About+the+Fourth+of+July%21&rft.date=2001-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhnn.us%2Farticles%2F132.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Becker, pp. 184–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the minority scholarly argument that the Declaration was signed on July 4, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/743719?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">Wilfred J. Ritz, "The Authentication of the Engrossed Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818220504/https://www.jstor.org/stable/743719?seq=1">Archived</a> August 18, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Law and History Review</i> 4, no. 1 (Spring 1986): 179–204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeacham2012" class="citation book cs1">Meacham, Jon (2012). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thomasjeffersona00meac"><i>Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power</i></a></span>. Random House LLC. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thomasjeffersona00meac/page/496">496</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0679645368" title="Special:BookSources/978-0679645368"><bdi>978-0679645368</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+Jefferson%3A+The+Art+of+Power&rft.pages=496&rft.pub=Random+House+LLC&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0679645368&rft.aulast=Meacham&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthomasjeffersona00meac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/james-monroe">"James Monroe – U.S. Presidents"</a>. <i>History.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180323203958/https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/james-monroe">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=James+Monroe+%E2%80%93+U.S.+Presidents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fus-presidents%2Fjames-monroe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2015" class="citation web cs1">Klein, Christopher (July 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/news/8-famous-figures-born-on-the-fourth-of-july">"8 Famous Figures Born on the Fourth of July"</a>. <i>Hostory.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704123524/https://www.history.com/news/8-famous-figures-born-on-the-fourth-of-july">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hostory.com&rft.atitle=8+Famous+Figures+Born+on+the+Fourth+of+July&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2F8-famous-figures-born-on-the-fourth-of-july&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heintze_first-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-heintze_first_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heintze, "The First Celebrations".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heintze_chron-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heintze_chron_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heintze_chron_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heintze_chron_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heintze, "A Chronology of Notable Fourth of July Celebration Occurrences".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEiland2019" class="citation journal cs1">Eiland, Murray (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/38516772">"Heraldry on American Patriotic Postcards"</a>. <i>The Armiger's News</i>. <b>41</b> (1): 1–3 – via academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Armiger%27s+News&rft.atitle=Heraldry+on+American+Patriotic+Postcards&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-3&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Eiland&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F38516772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraff2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Graff, Michael (November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourstate.com/old-salem/">"Time Stands Still in Old Salem"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Our_State" title="Our State">Our State</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151004152134/http://www.ourstate.com/old-salem/">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Our+State&rft.atitle=Time+Stands+Still+in+Old+Salem&rft.date=2012-11&rft.aulast=Graff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourstate.com%2Fold-salem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heintze, "How the Fourth of July was Designated as an 'Official' Holiday".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heintze, "Federal Legislation Establishing the Fourth of July Holiday".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/federal-holidays/">"Federal Holidays"</a>. <i>www.opm.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Office_of_Personnel_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Office of Personnel Management">U.S. Office of Personnel Management</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110220110/https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/federal-holidays/">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.opm.gov&rft.atitle=Federal+Holidays&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opm.gov%2Fpolicy-data-oversight%2Fpay-leave%2Ffederal-holidays%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHauari" class="citation web cs1">Hauari, Gabe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2024/07/04/whats-open-closed-july-4th-2024/74291180007/">"What's open and closed on July 4th? Details on stores, restaurants, Walmart, Costco, Target, more"</a>. <i>USA TODAY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=What%27s+open+and+closed+on+July+4th%3F+Details+on+stores%2C+restaurants%2C+Walmart%2C+Costco%2C+Target%2C+more&rft.aulast=Hauari&rft.aufirst=Gabe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fmoney%2F2024%2F07%2F04%2Fwhats-open-closed-july-4th-2024%2F74291180007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ornl.gov/news/fourth-july-no-picnic-nations-environment">"Fourth of July no picnic for the nation's environment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a></i>. July 3, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2022</span>. <q>July 4 is by far the most popular day of the year for cookouts, according to a Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association survey that found that 76 percent of the nation's grill owners use at least one of their grills that day.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oak+Ridge+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Fourth+of+July+no+picnic+for+the+nation%27s+environment&rft.date=2003-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ornl.gov%2Fnews%2Ffourth-july-no-picnic-nations-environment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-appelbaum-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-appelbaum_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/07/the-night-before-the-fourth/241259/">"The Night Before the Fourth"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. July 1, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111025113635/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/07/the-night-before-the-fourth/241259/">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Night+Before+the+Fourth&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fnational%2Farchive%2F2011%2F07%2Fthe-night-before-the-fourth%2F241259%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewell2018" class="citation news cs1">Newell, Shane (July 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pe.com/heres-how-they-pick-music-for-a-good-fourth-of-july-fireworks-show">"Here's how they pick music for a good Fourth of July fireworks show"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press-Enterprise" title="The Press-Enterprise">The Press-Enterprise</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2022</span>. <q>Jim Souza, president of the Rialto-based Pyro Spectaculars by Souza, said ... 'Everybody wants patriotic music.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press-Enterprise&rft.atitle=Here%27s+how+they+pick+music+for+a+good+Fourth+of+July+fireworks+show&rft.date=2018-07-02&rft.aulast=Newell&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pe.com%2Fheres-how-they-pick-music-for-a-good-fourth-of-july-fireworks-show&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGore2022" class="citation web cs1">Gore, Leada (July 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al.com/news/2022/07/july-4th-holiday-history-more-why-do-we-celebrate-independence-day-with-fireworks.html">"July 4th: Holiday history, more; Why do we celebrate Independence Day with fireworks?"</a>. <i>AL.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AL.com&rft.atitle=July+4th%3A+Holiday+history%2C+more%3B+Why+do+we+celebrate+Independence+Day+with+fireworks%3F&rft.date=2022-07-03&rft.aulast=Gore&rft.aufirst=Leada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F07%2Fjuly-4th-holiday-history-more-why-do-we-celebrate-independence-day-with-fireworks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2022" class="citation news cs1">Hall, Andy (July 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.as.com/latest_news/which-us-cities-have-canceled-july-4th-fireworks-due-to-fire-concerns-n/">"Which US cities have canceled July 4th fireworks due to fire concerns?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Which+US+cities+have+canceled+July+4th+fireworks+due+to+fire+concerns%3F&rft.date=2022-07-01&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.as.com%2Flatest_news%2Fwhich-us-cities-have-canceled-july-4th-fireworks-due-to-fire-concerns-n%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryant2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Bryant, Kelly (May 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rd.com/article/states-where-fireworks-are-legal/">"These Are the States Where Fireworks Are Legal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reader%27s_Digest" title="Reader's Digest">Reader's Digest</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reader%27s+Digest&rft.atitle=These+Are+the+States+Where+Fireworks+Are+Legal&rft.date=2021-05-19&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rd.com%2Farticle%2Fstates-where-fireworks-are-legal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140619040513/http://www.history.army.mil/html/faq/salute.html">"Origin of the 21-Gun Salute"</a>. U.S. Army <a href="/wiki/Center_of_Military_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Center of Military History">Center of Military History</a>. October 3, 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/faq/salute.html">the original</a> on June 19, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origin+of+the+21-Gun+Salute&rft.pub=U.S.+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=2003-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Ffaq%2Fsalute.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USA_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2009-07-04-fourth-of-july_N.htm">Biggest fireworks show in U.S. lights up sky</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120701080036/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2009-07-04-fourth-of-july_N.htm">Archived</a> July 1, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, USA Today, July 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2016" class="citation news cs1">Nelson, Samanta (July 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/07/01/10-nations-best-fourth-july-firework-shows/86554418/">"10 of the nation's Best 4th of July Firework Shows"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703224805/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/07/01/10-nations-best-fourth-july-firework-shows/86554418/">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=10+of+the+nation%27s+Best+4th+of+July+Firework+Shows&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Samanta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation-now%2F2016%2F07%2F01%2F10-nations-best-fourth-july-firework-shows%2F86554418%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman" class="citation web cs1">Newman, Stacy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/freedom-festival">"Freedom Festival"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Detroit</i>. Detroit Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703220929/https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/freedom-festival">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Detroit&rft.atitle=Freedom+Festival&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Stacy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdetroithistorical.org%2Flearn%2Fencyclopedia-of-detroit%2Ffreedom-festival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/aaa-chicago-projects-increase-in-fourth-of-july-holiday-travelers-96963819.html">"AAA Chicago Projects Increase in Fourth of July Holiday Travelers"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121009111307/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/aaa-chicago-projects-increase-in-fourth-of-july-holiday-travelers-96963819.html">Archived</a> October 9, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>PR Newswire</i>, June 23, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323224322/http://fccbristol.org/meet-fcc-bristol/founder-of-americas-oldest-fourth-of-july-celebration/">"Founder of America's Oldest Fourth of July Celebration"</a>. First Congregational Church. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fccbristol.org/meet-fcc-bristol/founder-of-americas-oldest-fourth-of-july-celebration/">the original</a> on March 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Founder+of+America%27s+Oldest+Fourth+of+July+Celebration&rft.pub=First+Congregational+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffccbristol.org%2Fmeet-fcc-bristol%2Ffounder-of-americas-oldest-fourth-of-july-celebration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seward-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Seward_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713125505/http://www.julyfourthseward.com/history.html">"History of Seward Nebraska 4th of July"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.julyfourthseward.com/history.html">the original</a> on July 13, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Seward+Nebraska+4th+of+July&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.julyfourthseward.com%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090701064103/http://www.rebildfesten.dk/default.asp?pageId=48&mainId=9&lang=UK">"History"</a>. <i>Rebild Society</i>. Rebild National Park Society. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rebild+Society&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rebildfesten.dk%2Fdefault.asp%3FpageId%3D48%26mainId%3D9%26lang%3DUK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-macys2009-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-macys2009_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726121045/http://www.fds.com/pressroom/macys/macysnational/media_kits.asp?mediakit=318">"2009 Macy's 4th of July Fireworks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federated_Department_Stores" class="mw-redirect" title="Federated Department Stores">Federated Department Stores</a>. April 29, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fds.com/pressroom/macys/macysnational/media_kits.asp?mediakit=318">the original</a> on July 26, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+Macy%27s+4th+of+July+Fireworks&rft.pub=Federated+Department+Stores&rft.date=2009-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fds.com%2Fpressroom%2Fmacys%2Fmacysnational%2Fmedia_kits.asp%3Fmediakit%3D318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boston4-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boston4_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080822175246/http://www.july4th.org/index.htm">"Welcome to Boston's 4th of July Celebration"</a>. Boston 4 Celebrations Foundation. 2009. 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Burnett III. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2011/07/08/cbs_broadcasts_altered_views_of_bostons_fourth_of_july_fireworks/">Boston gets a nonreality show: CBS broadcasts impossible views of 4th fireworks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120413041418/http://www.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2011/07/08/cbs_broadcasts_altered_views_of_bostons_fourth_of_july_fireworks/">Archived</a> April 13, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Boston Globe, July 8, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bg-popsnonational-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bg-popsnonational_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowersMoskowitz2013" class="citation news cs1">Powers, Martine; Moskowitz, Eric (June 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/06/15/national-spot-for-boston-pops-fireworks-show-not-airing-nationally-this-year/IVDJVRnru6Acdd5Hxl8gUP/story.html">"July 4 fireworks gala loses its national pop"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130619032249/http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/06/15/national-spot-for-boston-pops-fireworks-show-not-airing-nationally-this-year/IVDJVRnru6Acdd5Hxl8gUP/story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=July+4+fireworks+gala+loses+its+national+pop&rft.date=2013-06-15&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=Martine&rft.au=Moskowitz%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fmetro%2F2013%2F06%2F15%2Fnational-spot-for-boston-pops-fireworks-show-not-airing-nationally-this-year%2FIVDJVRnru6Acdd5Hxl8gUP%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bh-cbsfireworks16-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bh-cbsfireworks16_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bostonherald.com/entertainment/music/2016/07/with_cbs_on_board_again_keith_lockhart_is_ready_to_take_over_prime_time">"With CBS on board again, Keith Lockhart is ready to take over prime time"</a>. <i>Boston Herald</i>. July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702145716/http://www.bostonherald.com/entertainment/music/2016/07/with_cbs_on_board_again_keith_lockhart_is_ready_to_take_over_prime_time">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Herald&rft.atitle=With+CBS+on+board+again%2C+Keith+Lockhart+is+ready+to+take+over+prime+time&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonherald.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2F2016%2F07%2Fwith_cbs_on_board_again_keith_lockhart_is_ready_to_take_over_prime_time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whdh.com/news/7news-partners-with-bloomberg-tv-to-air-2018-boston-pops-fireworks-spectacular/">"7News partners with Bloomberg TV to air 2018 Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular"</a>. WHDH. June 21, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180622193151/https://whdh.com/news/7news-partners-with-bloomberg-tv-to-air-2018-boston-pops-fireworks-spectacular/">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=7News+partners+with+Bloomberg+TV+to+air+2018+Boston+Pops+Fireworks+Spectacular&rft.date=2018-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhdh.com%2Fnews%2F7news-partners-with-bloomberg-tv-to-air-2018-boston-pops-fireworks-spectacular%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/capitolfourth/concert.html">A Capitol Fourth – The Concert</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140220162351/http://www.pbs.org/capitolfourth/concert.html">Archived</a> February 20, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, PBS, accessed July 12, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gov.Ph-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gov.Ph_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/republic-day/"><i>Philippine Republic Day</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Official_Gazette_(Philippines)" title="Official Gazette (Philippines)">Official Gazette (Philippines)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210729160345/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/republic-day/">archived</a> from the original on July 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philippine+Republic+Day&rft.pub=Official+Gazette+%28Philippines%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2Frepublic-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsey_Galloway2012" class="citation web cs1">Lindsey Galloway (July 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/blog/20120627-worldwide-weird-celebrate-american-independence-in-denmark">"Celebrate American independence in Denmark"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141115201301/http://www.bbc.com/travel/blog/20120627-worldwide-weird-celebrate-american-independence-in-denmark">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrate+American+independence+in+Denmark&rft.date=2012-07-03&rft.au=Lindsey+Galloway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Fblog%2F20120627-worldwide-weird-celebrate-american-independence-in-denmark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFICI.Radio-Canada.ca2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Aucun thème sélectionné- (July 4, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/440307/trois-rivieres-anniversaire">"Bonne fête Trois-Rivières!"</a>. <i>Radio-Canada</i> (in Canadian French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio-Canada&rft.atitle=Bonne+f%C3%AAte+Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res%21&rft.date=2009-07-04&rft.aulast=ICI.Radio-Canada.ca&rft.aufirst=Zone+Aucun+th%C3%A8me+s%C3%A9lectionn%C3%A9-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fici.radio-canada.ca%2Fnouvelle%2F440307%2Ftrois-rivieres-anniversaire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myrevolutionarywar.com/battles/760608-three-rivers/">"The Battle of Three Rivers (Trois-Rivières)"</a>. <i>American Revolutionary War</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Revolutionary+War&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Three+Rivers+%28Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myrevolutionarywar.com%2Fbattles%2F760608-three-rivers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroy" class="citation web cs1">Troy, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.amrevpodcast.com/2019/05/episode-095-battle-of-trois-rivieres.html">"Episode 095: Battle of Trois-Rivières (Three Rivers)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Episode+095%3A+Battle+of+Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res+%28Three+Rivers%29&rft.aulast=Troy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.amrevpodcast.com%2F2019%2F05%2Fepisode-095-battle-of-trois-rivieres.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arrc.nato.int/newsroom/archive/2020/20200704">"Liberty Bells: Gloucester Cathedral Chimes 'Star-Spangled Banner' on July 4th for American NATO Troops"</a>. <i>NATO ARRC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NATO+ARRC&rft.atitle=Liberty+Bells%3A+Gloucester+Cathedral+Chimes+%27Star-Spangled+Banner%27+on+July+4th+for+American+NATO+Troops&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farrc.nato.int%2Fnewsroom%2Farchive%2F2020%2F20200704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStilliard2019" class="citation web cs1">Stilliard, Ed (July 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gloucestershirelive.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/gloucester-cathedral-july-4-independence-3042269">"Oh say, can't you hear? How Gloucester will mark American Independence Day on July 4"</a>. <i>Gloucestershire Live</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gloucestershire+Live&rft.atitle=Oh+say%2C+can%E2%80%99t+you+hear%3F+How+Gloucester+will+mark+American+Independence+Day+on+July+4&rft.date=2019-07-01&rft.aulast=Stilliard&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gloucestershirelive.co.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Fwhats-on-news%2Fgloucester-cathedral-july-4-independence-3042269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecker1922" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carl_L._Becker" title="Carl L. Becker">Becker, Carl L.</a> (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924019911670"><i>The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas</i></a>. New York: Harcourt, Brace. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60738220">60738220</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Declaration+of+Independence%3A+A+Study+in+the+History+of+Political+Ideas&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace&rft.date=1922&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60738220&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Carl+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924019911670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span> Republished: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas</i>. New York: Vintage Books. 1958. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780394700601" title="Special:BookSources/9780394700601"><bdi>9780394700601</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2234953">2234953</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Declaration+of+Independence%3A+A+Study+in+the+History+of+Political+Ideas&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2234953&rft.isbn=9780394700601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCriblez2013" class="citation book cs1">Criblez, Adam (2013). <i>Parading Patriotism: Independence Day Celebrations in the Urban Midwest, 1826–1876</i>. DeKalb, IL, US: Northern Illinois University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780875806921" title="Special:BookSources/9780875806921"><bdi>9780875806921</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1127286749">1127286749</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parading+Patriotism%3A+Independence+Day+Celebrations+in+the+Urban+Midwest%2C+1826%E2%80%931876&rft.place=DeKalb%2C+IL%2C+US&rft.pub=Northern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1127286749&rft.isbn=9780875806921&rft.aulast=Criblez&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeintze" class="citation web cs1">Heintze, James R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000815082732/http://gurukul.american.edu/heintze/fourth.htm">"Fourth of July Celebrations Database"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_University" title="American University">American University</a> of <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gurukul.american.edu/heintze/fourth.htm">the original</a> on August 15, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fourth+of+July+Celebrations+Database&rft.pub=American+University+of+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.aulast=Heintze&rft.aufirst=James+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgurukul.american.edu%2Fheintze%2Ffourth.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Haven_Schauffler" title="Robert Haven Schauffler">Schauffler, R. H.</a> (1912), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/74168">Independence Day: its celebration, spirit and significance as related in prose and verse</a></i>, New York: Moffat, Yard and Company</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Independence Day (United States)</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Independence_Day" class="extiw" title="wikt:Independence Day">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Independence_Day_(United_States)" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Independence Day (United States)">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" class="extiw" title="q:Independence Day (United States)">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86591" class="extiw" title="d:Q86591">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310151451/http://www.usa.gov/Topics/Independence-Day.shtml">Fourth of July Is Independence Day</a> <a href="/wiki/USA.gov" title="USA.gov">USA.gov</a>, July 4, 2014</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080704115447/http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/June/20060628141729JMnamdeirF0.745434.html">U.S. Independence Day a Civic and Social Event</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. State Department</a>, June 22, 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110202025214/http://mulibraries.missouri.edu/specialcollections/fourth.htm">Fourth of July Orations Collection</a> at the Division of Special Collections, Archives, and Rare Books, <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Library" title="Ellis Library">Ellis Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Federal holidays in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Federal holidays in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Federal holidays in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">Federal holidays in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Day" title="Columbus Day">Columbus Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Day" title="Veterans Day">Veterans Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">VE Day</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Day_(United_States)" title="Victory Day (United States)">Victory Day</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Day_(United_States)" title="Flag Day (United States)">Flag Day</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Day_(United_States)" title="Election Day (United States)">Election Day/Democracy Day</a> (1993, 2005, 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X_Day" title="Malcolm X Day">Malcolm X Day</a> (1993–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez_Day" title="Cesar Chavez Day">Cesar Chavez Day</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Day" title="Susan B. Anthony Day">Susan B. Anthony Day</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Day" title="Native American Day">Native American Day</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Day" title="Patriot Day">Patriot Day</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks_Day" title="Rosa Parks Day">Rosa Parks Day</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Monday_Holiday_Act" title="Uniform Monday Holiday Act">Uniform Monday Holiday Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Holidays,_observances,_and_celebrations_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Public holidays in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Public holidays in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public holidays in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holidays,_observances,_and_celebrations_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Holidays, observances, and celebrations in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr.</a> (federal)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Hostos" title="Eugenio María de Hostos">Birthday of Eugenio María de Hostos</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Day" title="Confederate Memorial Day">Confederate Heroes Day</a> (TX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Eve of Three Kings' Day</a> (PR, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Feast of Epiphany / Feast of Theophany</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Korematsu_Day" title="Fred Korematsu Day">Fred Korematsu Day</a> (AZ, CA, FL, HI, VA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Human_Rights_Day" title="Idaho Human Rights Day">Idaho Human Rights Day</a> (ID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration" title="United States presidential inauguration">Inauguration Day</a> (federal quadrennial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Day" title="Kansas Day">Kansas Day</a> (KS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti / Pongal</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Day" title="Robert E. Lee Day">Robert E. Lee Day</a> (FL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster_Memorial_Day" title="Stephen Foster Memorial Day">Stephen Foster Memorial Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eighth_(United_States)" title="The Eighth (United States)">The Eighth</a> (LA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Three Kings' Day</a> (PR, VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Religion_Day" title="World Religion Day">World Religion Day</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January–February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_Sunday" title="Super Bowl Sunday">Super Bowl Sunday</a></li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar New Year</a> (NY, cultural, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February<br /><a href="/wiki/American_Heart_Month" title="American Heart Month">American Heart Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Black_History_Month" title="Black History Month">Black History Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day" title="Valentine's Day">Valentine's Day</a></li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Mu%C3%B1oz_Mar%C3%ADn" title="Luis Muñoz Marín">Birthday of Luis Muñoz Marín</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Candlemas</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Day" title="Darwin Day">Charles Darwin Day / Darwin Day</a> (CA, DE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Remembrance_(Japanese_Americans)" title="Day of Remembrance (Japanese Americans)">Day of Remembrance</a> (CA, OR, WA, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Day" title="Georgia Day">Georgia Day</a> (GA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundhog_Day" title="Groundhog Day">Groundhog Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Birthday" title="Lincoln's Birthday">Lincoln's Birthday</a> (CA, CT, IL, IN, MO, NY, WV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Girls_and_Women_in_Sports_Day" title="National Girls and Women in Sports Day">National Girls and Women in Sports Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Freedom_Day" title="National Freedom Day">National Freedom Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinirvana_Day" title="Parinirvana Day">Nirvana Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Jesus_at_the_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentation of Jesus at the Temple">Presentation of Our Lord to the Temple</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Reformer_Day" title="Promised Reformer Day">Promised Reformer Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Day" title="Ronald Reagan Day">Ronald Reagan Day</a> (CA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks_Day" title="Rosa Parks Day">Rosa Parks Day</a> (CA, MO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saviours%27_Day" title="Saviours' Day">Saviours' Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Day" title="Susan B. Anthony Day">Susan B. Anthony Day</a> (CA, FL, NY, WI, WV, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu_BiShvat" title="Tu BiShvat">Tu B’shvat</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February–March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a></li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a> (PR, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> (PR, VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Monday" title="Clean Monday">Clean Monday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courir_de_Mardi_Gras" title="Courir de Mardi Gras">Courir de Mardi Gras</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayy%C3%A1m-i-H%C3%A1" title="Ayyám-i-Há">Intercalary Days</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Mahashivaratri</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrove_Tuesday" title="Shrove Tuesday">Shrove Tuesday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March<br /><a href="/wiki/Irish-American_Heritage_Month" title="Irish-American Heritage Month">Irish-American Heritage Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Colon_Cancer_Awareness_Month" title="National Colon Cancer Awareness Month">Colon Cancer Awareness Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_History_Month" title="Women's History Month">Women's History Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_break" title="Spring break">Spring break</a> (week)</li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation of the Virgin Mary / Annunciation of the Theotokos</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_Pulaski_Day" title="Casimir Pulaski Day">Casimir Pulaski Day</a> (IL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez_Day" title="Cesar Chavez Day">Cesar Chavez Day</a> (CA, CO, TX, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day#Puerto_Rico" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day in Puerto Rico</a> (PR, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(Massachusetts)" title="Evacuation Day (Massachusetts)">Evacuation Day</a> (Suffolk County, MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman_Day" title="Harriet Tubman Day">Harriet Tubman Day</a> (NY)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hola_Mohalla" title="Hola Mohalla">Hola Mohalla</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a> (NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">L. Ron Hubbard's Birthday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj#Modern_Muslim_observance" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra and Mi'raj">Lailat al-Mi'raj</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_and_Freedom_Day" title="Liberation and Freedom Day">Liberation and Freedom Day</a> (Charlottesville, VA, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras_in_the_United_States" title="Mardi Gras in the United States">Mardi Gras</a> (AL (in two counties), LA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Day" title="Maryland Day">Maryland Day</a> (MD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor_Day" title="Medal of Honor Day">Medal of Honor Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Poison_Prevention_Week" title="National Poison Prevention Week">National Poison Prevention Week</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> (cultural, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%92ostre" title="Ēostre">Ostara</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Day" title="Pi Day">Pi Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_K%C5%ABhi%C5%8D_Day" title="Prince Kūhiō Day">Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole Day</a> (HI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Messiah_Day" title="Promised Messiah Day">Promised Messiah Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph's Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward%27s_Day" title="Seward's Day">Seward's Day</a> (AK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Independence_Day" title="Texas Independence Day">Texas Independence Day</a> (TX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting#Vermont" title="Town meeting">Town Meeting Day</a> (VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_Day" title="Transfer Day">Transfer Day</a> (VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Transgender_Day_of_Visibility" title="International Transgender Day of Visibility">Trans Day of Visibility</a> (cultural)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March–April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> (religious)</li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> (CT, NC, PR, NJ, VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Jayanti" title="Hanuman Jayanti">Hanuman Jayanti</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> (PR, VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> (PR, religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Saturday" title="Lazarus Saturday">Lazarus Saturday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavir_Janma_Kalyanak" title="Mahavir Janma Kalyanak">Mahavir Janma Kalyanak</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesha_Sankranti" title="Mesha Sankranti">Mesha Sankranti / Hindu New Year</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a> (PR, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> (religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday / Bright Monday</a> (VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Ramnavami</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Chandramana Uugadi / Souramana Uugadi</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Arab_American_Heritage_Month" title="National Arab American Heritage Month">Arab American Heritage Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Confederate_History_Month" title="Confederate History Month">Confederate History Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/420_(cannabis_culture)" title="420 (cannabis culture)">420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day" title="April Fools' Day">April Fools' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbor_Day" title="Arbor Day">Arbor Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Diego" title="José de Diego">Birthday of José de Diego</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Day" title="Confederate Memorial Day">Confederate Memorial Day</a> (AL, MS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Remembrance_of_the_Victims_of_the_Holocaust" title="Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust">Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Day" title="Earth Day">Earth Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day</a> (cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Birthday" title="Jefferson's Birthday">Thomas Jefferson's Birthday</a> (AL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lag_BaOmer" title="Lag BaOmer">Lag B’Omer</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Last Friday of Great Lent</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascua_Florida" title="Pascua Florida">Pascua Florida</a> (FL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriots%27_Day" title="Patriots' Day">Patriots' Day</a> (MA, ME)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridv%C3%A1n" title="Ridván">Ridván</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Day" title="San Jacinto Day">San Jacinto Day</a> (TX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siblings_Day" title="Siblings Day">Siblings Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walpurgis_Night" title="Walpurgis Night">Walpurgis Night</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Israel)" title="Independence Day (Israel)">Yom Ha'atzmaut</a> (cultural, religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May<br /><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islander_Heritage_Month" title="Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month">Asian American and<br />Pacific Islander Heritage Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jewish_American_Heritage_Month" title="Jewish American Heritage Month">Jewish American Heritage Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Military_Appreciation_Month" title="National Military Appreciation Month">Military Appreciation Month</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day_(United_States)" title="Mother's Day (United States)">Mother's Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinco_de_Mayo" title="Cinco de Mayo">Cinco de Mayo</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Holy_Days" title="Baháʼí Holy Days">Ascension of Baháʼu'lláh</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension Day">Ascension of Our Lord</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_Day" title="Caliphate Day">Caliphate Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Holy_Days" title="Baháʼí Holy Days">Declaration of the Bab</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk_Day" title="Harvey Milk Day">Harvey Milk Day</a> (CA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">International Workers' Day</a> / <a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a> (CA, unofficial, proposed state)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Day_(United_States)" title="Law Day (United States)">Law Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty_Day" title="Loyalty Day">Loyalty Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X_Day" title="Malcolm X Day">Malcolm X Day</a> (CA, IL, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Spouse_Day" title="Military Spouse Day">Military Spouse Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Prayer" title="National Day of Prayer">National Day of Prayer</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Reason" title="National Day of Reason">National Day of Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Transportation_Day" title="National Defense Transportation Day">National Defense Transportation Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Maritime_Day" title="United States National Maritime Day">National Maritime Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Officers_Memorial_Day" title="Peace Officers Memorial Day">Peace Officers Memorial Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Day" title="Truman Day">Truman Day</a> (MO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Buddha's Birthday</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June<br /><a href="/wiki/Pride_Month" title="Pride Month">Pride Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a> (federal, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father%27s_Day_(United_States)" title="Father's Day (United States)">Father's Day</a> (36)</li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunker_Hill_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunker Hill Day">Bunker Hill Day</a> (Suffolk County, MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolina Day">Carolina Day</a> (SC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Young_Day" title="Don Young Day">Don Young Day</a> (AK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Fast" title="Apostles' Fast">Fast of the Holy Apostles</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Day_(United_States)" title="Flag Day (United States)">Flag Day</a> (36, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller_Day" title="Helen Keller Day">Helen Keller Day</a> (PA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_America_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Honor America Days">Honor America Days</a> (3 weeks)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Jefferson Davis Day">Jefferson Davis Day</a> (AL, FL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamehameha Day">Kamehameha Day</a> (HI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midsummer" title="Midsummer">Litha</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan" title="Guru Arjan">Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev Sahib</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odunde_Festival" title="Odunde Festival">Odunde Festival</a> (Philadelphia, PA, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Week" title="Senior Week">Senior Week</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist#Celebration" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity of Saint John the Baptist">Saint John's Day</a> (PR, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Day" title="West Virginia Day">West Virginia Day</a> (WV)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Day</a> (federal)</li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asalha_Puja" title="Asalha Puja">Asalha Puja Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Mu%C3%B1oz_Rivera" title="Luis Muñoz Rivera">Birthday of Don Luis Muñoz Rivera</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Celso_Barbosa" title="José Celso Barbosa">Birthday of Dr. José Celso Barbosa</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day#United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day in the U.S. Virgin Islands</a> (VI, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Purnima" title="Guru Purnima">Guru Purnima</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordad_Sal" title="Khordad Sal">Khordad Sal</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty_Restoration_Day" title="Sovereignty Restoration Day">Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea</a> (HI, unofficial, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_the_B%C3%A1b" title="Execution of the Báb">Martyrdom of the Báb</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents%27_Day" title="Parents' Day">Parents' Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Day" title="Pioneer Day">Pioneer Day</a> (UT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Constitution_Day" title="Puerto Rico Constitution Day">Puerto Rico Constitution Day</a> (PR)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July–August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_vacation" title="Summer vacation">Summer vacation</a></li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Day" title="American Family Day">American Family Day</a> (AZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day in Illinois</a> (IL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennington_Battle_Day" title="Bennington Battle Day">Bennington Battle Day</a> (VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God#Dormition_versus_Assumption" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition of the Theotokos</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Ghadir" title="Eid al-Ghadir">Eid-e-Ghadeer</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God#Dormition_fast" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Fast in Honor of the Holy Mother of Lord Jesus</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary#Feasts" title="Assumption of Mary">Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statehood_Day_(Hawaii)" title="Statehood Day (Hawaii)">Hawaii Admission Day / Statehood Day</a> (HI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Krishna Janmashtami</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lammas" title="Lammas">Lammas</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Day" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Day">Lyndon Baines Johnson Day</a> (TX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Panchami" title="Naga Panchami">Naga Panchami</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aviation_Day" title="National Aviation Day">National Aviation Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paryushana" title="Paryushana">Paryushana</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration of the Lord</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Day_(United_States)" title="Victory Day (United States)">Victory Day</a> (RI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equality_Day" title="Women's Equality Day">Women's Equality Day</a> (36)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Prostate_Cancer_Awareness_Month" class="mw-redirect" title="National Prostate Cancer Awareness Month">Prostate Cancer Awareness Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Childhood_Cancer_Awareness_Month" title="National Childhood Cancer Awareness Month">Childhood Cancer Awareness Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a> (federal)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Day" title="Brazilian Day">Brazilian Day</a> (NY, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Admission_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="California Admission Day">California Admission Day</a> (CA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Garner_Federal_Lands_Cleanup_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Garner Federal Lands Cleanup Day">Carl Garner Federal Lands Cleanup Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Day_and_Citizenship_Day" title="Constitution Day and Citizenship Day">Constitution Day and Citizenship Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Week" title="Constitution Week">Constitution Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_Day_(Maryland)" title="Defenders Day (Maryland)">Defenders Day</a> (MD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevation_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Elevation of the Holy Cross">Elevation of the Holy Cross</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_San_Gennaro" title="Feast of San Gennaro">Feast of San Gennaro</a> (NY, cultural, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Star_Mother%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Star Mother's Day">Gold Star Mother's Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakya_Trizin_Ngawang_Kunga" title="Sakya Trizin Ngawang Kunga">His Holiness Sakya Trizin's Birthday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_equinox" title="September equinox">Mabon</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandparents%27_Day" title="Grandparents' Day">National Grandparents Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Payroll_Week" title="National Payroll Week">National Payroll Week</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary / Nativity of the Theotokos</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Day" title="Native American Day">Native American Day</a> (proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Day" title="Patriot Day">Patriot Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Steuben_Day" title="Von Steuben Day">Von Steuben Day</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September–October<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Hispanic_Heritage_Month" title="National Hispanic Heritage Month">Hispanic Heritage Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27een" class="mw-redirect" title="Arba'een">Chehlum Imam Hussain</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktoberfest_celebrations" title="Oktoberfest celebrations">Oktoberfest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitri_Paksha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitri Paksha">Pitri Paksha</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah / Feast of Trumpets</a> (TX, NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemini_Atzeret" title="Shemini Atzeret">Shemini Atzeret</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simchat_Torah" title="Simchat Torah">Simchat Torah</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijaya Dashami</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur / Day of Atonement</a> (TX, NY, religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Breast_Cancer_Awareness_Month" class="mw-redirect" title="National Breast Cancer Awareness Month">Breast Cancer Awareness Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Disability_Employment_Awareness_Month" title="National Disability Employment Awareness Month">Disability Employment Awareness Month</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Italian-American_Heritage_and_Culture_Month" title="Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month">Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Filipino_American_History_Month" title="Filipino American History Month">Filipino American History Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/LGBT_History_Month" title="LGBT History Month">LGBT History Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Day" title="Columbus Day">Columbus Day</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Day" title="Alaska Day">Alaska Day</a> (AK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Health_Day" title="Child Health Day">Child Health Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Pulaski_Memorial_Day" title="General Pulaski Memorial Day">General Pulaski Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-American_Day" title="German-American Day">German-American Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Peoples%27_Day_(United_States)" title="Indigenous Peoples' Day (United States)">Indigenous Peoples' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Non-Violence" title="International Day of Non-Violence">International Day of Non-Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leif_Erikson_Day" title="Leif Erikson Day">Leif Erikson Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Day" title="Missouri Day">Missouri Day</a> (MO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanomonestotse" title="Nanomonestotse">Nanomonestotse</a> (cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_School_Lunch_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="National School Lunch Week">National School Lunch Week</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Day" title="Native American Day">Native American Day in South Dakota</a> (SD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Day" title="Nevada Day">Nevada Day</a> (NV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Day" title="Spirit Day">Spirit Day</a> (cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetest_Day" title="Sweetest Day">Sweetest Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot / Feast of Tabernacles</a> (religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands%E2%80%93Puerto_Rico_Friendship_Day" title="Virgin Islands–Puerto Rico Friendship Day">Virgin Islands–Puerto Rico Friendship Day</a> (PR, VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Cane_Safety_Day" title="White Cane Safety Day">White Cane Safety Day</a> (36)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October–November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Holy_Birthdays" title="Twin Holy Birthdays">Birth of the Báb</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Birth of Baháʼu'lláh">Birth of Baháʼu'lláh</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead" title="Day of the Dead">Day of the Dead</a> (VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> (NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid al-Nabi</a> (religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November<br /> <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Indian_Heritage_Month" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Indian Heritage Month">Native American Indian Heritage Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Day" title="Veterans Day">Veterans Day</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving</a> (federal)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">Ascension of ‘Abdu’l Baha</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Beginning of the Nativity Fast</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day in Alabama</a> (Perry County, AL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Hamilton_Jackson" title="D. Hamilton Jackson">D. Hamilton Jackson Day</a> (VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Day after Thanksgiving</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Covenant_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="Day of the Covenant (Baháʼí)">Day of the Covenant</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery of Puerto Rico">Discovery of Puerto Rico Day</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Day_(United_States)" title="Election Day (United States)">Election Day</a> (CA, DE, HI, KY, MT, NJ, NY, OH, PR, VA, WV, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Day" title="Family Day">Family Day</a> (NV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak_Gurpurab" title="Guru Nanak Gurpurab">Guru Nanak Gurpurab</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Hawaii)" title="Independence Day (Hawaii)">Lā Kūʻokoʻa</a> (HI, unofficial, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Heritage_Day" title="Native American Heritage Day">Native American Heritage Day</a> (MD, WA, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Transgender Day of Remembrance">Trans Day of Remembrance</a> (cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unthanksgiving_Day" title="Unthanksgiving Day">Unthanksgiving Day</a> (cultural)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> (religious, federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a></li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_Sunday" title="Advent Sunday">Advent Sunday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Day" title="Alabama Day">Alabama Day</a> (AL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Birthday of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Day" title="Bodhi Day">Bodhi Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalica" title="Chalica">Chalica</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a> (KY, NC, SC, PR, VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Day after Christmas</a> (KY, NC, SC, TX, VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivus" title="Festivus">Festivus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HumanLight" title="HumanLight">HumanLight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a> (religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Day" title="Indiana Day">Indiana Day</a> (IN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a> (cultural, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Burhanuddin" title="Mohammed Burhanuddin">Milad Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pearl_Harbor_Remembrance_Day" title="National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day">National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">Old Year's Night</a> (VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Aviation_Day" title="Pan American Aviation Day">Pan American Aviation Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivaya_Subramuniyaswami" title="Sivaya Subramuniyaswami">Pancha Ganapati</a> (religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks_Day" title="Rosa Parks Day">Rosa Parks Day</a> (OH, OR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_Brothers_Day" title="Wright Brothers Day">Wright Brothers Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zartosht_No-Diso" title="Zartosht No-Diso">Zartosht No-Diso</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varies (year round)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a> (NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> (NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Arafah" title="Day of Arafah">Yawm al-Arafa</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Qadr" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al-Qadr">Laylat al-Qadr</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> (religious, four times a year)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Bon Festival">Obon</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> (religious, month)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Festival" title="Ghost Festival">Ghost Festival</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashura" title="Ashura">Yawm Aashura</a> (religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:90%;"><div>Legend: <p>(federal) = federal holidays, (abbreviation) = state/territorial holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (cultural) = holiday related to a specific <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">racial/ethnic group</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sexual_minority" title="Sexual minority">sexual minority</a>, (week) = week-long holidays, (month) = month-long holidays, (36) = <a href="/wiki/Title_36_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 36 of the United States Code">Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies</a><br /> </p> See also: <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_holidays" title="Lists of holidays">Lists of holidays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hallmark_holiday" title="Hallmark holiday">Hallmark holidays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Public holidays in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Public holidays in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Public holidays in the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Template:United States Declaration of Independence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Template talk:United States Declaration of Independence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Declaration of Independence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physical_history_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence">Physical history of the Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary author</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence">Signatories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="President of the Continental Congress">President of Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a> (Massachusetts)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Hampshire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Bartlett" title="Josiah Bartlett">Josiah Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whipple" title="William Whipple">William Whipple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Thornton" title="Matthew Thornton">Matthew Thornton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massachusetts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat_Paine" title="Robert Treat Paine">Robert Treat Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rhode Island</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hopkins_(politician)" title="Stephen Hopkins (politician)">Stephen Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ellery" title="William Ellery">William Ellery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecticut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Samuel Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Williams_(Connecticut_politician)" title="William Williams (Connecticut politician)">William Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wolcott" title="Oliver Wolcott">Oliver Wolcott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Floyd" title="William Floyd">William Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Livingston" title="Philip Livingston">Philip Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lewis" title="Francis Lewis">Francis Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Morris" title="Lewis Morris">Lewis Morris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stockton_(Continental_Congressman)" title="Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman)">Richard Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">John Witherspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hopkinson" title="Francis Hopkinson">Francis Hopkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hart_(New_Jersey_politician)" title="John Hart (New Jersey politician)">John Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Clark" title="Abraham Clark">Abraham Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Benjamin Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(American_politician)" title="John Morton (American politician)">John Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clymer" title="George Clymer">George Clymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Smith_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Smith (Pennsylvania politician)">James Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Taylor_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="George Taylor (Pennsylvania politician)">George Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Founding_Father)" title="James Wilson (Founding Father)">James Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ross_(American_politician)" title="George Ross (American politician)">George Ross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delaware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)" title="George Read (American politician, born 1733)">George Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maryland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">Samuel Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paca" title="William Paca">William Paca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stone" title="Thomas Stone">Thomas Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton">Charles Carroll of Carrollton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virginia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Wythe" title="George Wythe">George Wythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison_V" title="Benjamin Harrison V">Benjamin Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_Jr." title="Thomas Nelson Jr.">Thomas Nelson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lightfoot_Lee" title="Francis Lightfoot Lee">Francis Lightfoot Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Braxton" title="Carter Braxton">Carter Braxton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hooper" title="William Hooper">William Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hewes" title="Joseph Hewes">Joseph Hewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Penn_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="John Penn (North Carolina politician)">John Penn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Rutledge" title="Edward Rutledge">Edward Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Heyward_Jr." title="Thomas Heyward Jr.">Thomas Heyward Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_Jr." title="Thomas Lynch Jr.">Thomas Lynch Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Middleton" title="Arthur Middleton">Arthur Middleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Button_Gwinnett" title="Button Gwinnett">Button Gwinett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Hall" title="Lyman Hall">Lyman Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">George Walton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delegates voting<br />for Independence<br />(did not sign)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>New York</b>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Livingston" title="Robert R. Livingston">Robert R. Livingston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wisner" title="Henry Wisner">Henry Wisner</a><br /> <b>Maryland</b>: <a href="/wiki/John_Rogers_(Continental_Congress)" title="John Rogers (Continental Congress)">John Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tilghman" title="Matthew Tilghman">Matthew Tilghman</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Declaration_of_Rights" title="Virginia Declaration of Rights">Virginia Declaration of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Five" title="Committee of Five">Committee of Five</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal" title="All men are created equal">All men are created equal</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Life,_Liberty_and_the_pursuit_of_Happiness" title="Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness">Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grievances_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Grievances of the United States Declaration of Independence">27 grievances</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_history_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence">Document's history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence">signing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Charles Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Matlack" title="Timothy Matlack">Timothy Matlack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Journals of the Continental Congress">Journals of the Continental Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display<br />and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Day</a></li> <li>Anniversaries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Exposition" title="Centennial Exposition">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesquicentennial_Exposition" title="Sesquicentennial Exposition">Sesquicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">Bicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Semiquincentennial" title="United States Semiquincentennial">Semiquincentennial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a> (Washington, D.C.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signers_Monument" title="Signers Monument">Signers Monument (Georgia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Voting_Independence" title="Congress Voting Independence">Pine portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(painting)" title="Declaration of Independence (painting)">Trumbull portrait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Revolutionary_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template talk:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Revolutionary_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Origins_of_the_American_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Origins of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">American Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of religion in the United States">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Englishmen" title="Rights of Englishmen">Rights of Englishmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation" title="No taxation without representation">No taxation without representation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Common_Sense" title="Common Sense">Common Sense</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_%2776_(sentiment)" title="Spirit of '76 (sentiment)">Spirit of '76</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal" title="All men are created equal">All men are created equal</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Life,_Liberty_and_the_pursuit_of_Happiness" title="Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness">Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">Expansionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">Settler colonialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Royalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitt%E2%80%93Newcastle_ministry" title="Pitt–Newcastle ministry">Pitt–Newcastle ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bute_ministry" title="Bute ministry">Bute ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenville_ministry" title="Grenville ministry">Grenville ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Rockingham_ministry" title="First Rockingham ministry">First Rockingham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_ministry" title="Chatham ministry">Chatham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton_ministry" title="Grafton ministry">Grafton ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_ministry" title="North ministry">North ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Rockingham_ministry" title="Second Rockingham ministry">Second Rockingham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelburne_ministry" title="Shelburne ministry">Shelburne ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox%E2%80%93North_coalition" title="Fox–North coalition">Fox–North coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Loyalist" title="Black Loyalist">Black Loyalist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related British<br />Acts of Parliament</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navigation_Acts" title="Navigation Acts">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Act" title="Iron Act">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molasses_Act" title="Molasses Act">Molasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" title="Royal Proclamation of 1763">Royal Proclamation of 1763</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Act" title="Sugar Act">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_Act" title="Currency Act">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartering_Acts" title="Quartering Acts">Quartering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765" title="Stamp Act 1765">Stamp</a> up i.p.o</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaratory_Act" title="Declaratory Act">Declaratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townshend_Acts" title="Townshend Acts">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Act" title="Tea Act">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Act" title="Quebec Act">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intolerable_Acts" title="Intolerable Acts">Intolerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciliatory_Resolution" title="Conciliatory Resolution">Conciliatory Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restraining_Acts_1775" title="Restraining Acts 1775">Restraining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Rebellion" title="Proclamation of Rebellion">Proclamation of Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitory_Act" title="Prohibitory Act">Prohibitory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_Nine" title="Loyal Nine">Loyal Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Rights_and_Grievances" title="Declaration of Rights and Grievances">Declaration of Rights and Grievances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Liberty" title="Daughters of Liberty">Daughters of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty" title="Sons of Liberty">Sons of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Patriot" title="Black Patriot">Black Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_correspondence" title="Committees of correspondence">Committees of correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_safety_(American_Revolution)" title="Committee of safety (American Revolution)">Committees of safety</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_a_Farmer_in_Pennsylvania" title="Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania">Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Circular_Letter" title="Massachusetts Circular Letter">Massachusetts Circular Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Resolves" title="Suffolk Resolves">Suffolk Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minutemen" title="Minutemen">Minutemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Congress" title="Provincial Congress">Provincial Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Branch_Petition" title="Olive Branch Petition">Olive Branch Petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Causes_and_Necessity_of_Taking_Up_Arms" title="Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms">Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Secret_Correspondence" title="Committee of Secret Correspondence">Committee of Secret Correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Treaty" title="Model Treaty">Model Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Confederation Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre" title="Boston Massacre">Boston Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_credit_crisis_of_1772%E2%80%931773" title="British credit crisis of 1772–1773">British credit crisis of 1772–1773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspee_affair" title="Gaspee affair">Gaspee affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_letters_affair" title="Hutchinson letters affair">Hutchinson letters affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Tea_Party" title="Philadelphia Tea Party">Philadelphia Tea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_Alarm" title="Powder Alarm">Powder Alarm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="*_Combatants_*_Campaigns_*_Theaters_*_Battles_*_Events_*_Colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Combatants</li> <li>Campaigns</li> <li>Theaters</li> <li>Battles</li> <li>Events</li> <li>Colonies</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Navy" title="Continental Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Marines" title="Continental Marines">Marines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army#Early_British_Empire" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy#1707–1815" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_American_Revolution#European_allies_of_Britain" title="Germans in the American Revolution">European allies of King George III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="France in the American Revolutionary War">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alliance_(1778)" title="Treaty of Alliance (1778)">Franco-American Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderigue_Hortalez_and_Company" title="Roderigue Hortalez and Company">Hortalez et Cie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_American_Revolution#American_and_European_supporters_of_Congress" title="Germans in the American Revolution">German supporters of Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Campaigns and<br />theaters</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Invasion of Quebec (1775)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Nova Scotia in the American Revolution">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_campaign" title="Saratoga campaign">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_after_Saratoga" title="Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga">Northern after Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Western theater of the American Revolutionary War">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War">Naval battles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Revolutionary_War_battles" title="List of American Revolutionary War battles">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Lexington and Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Capture of Fort Ticonderoga">Capture of Fort Ticonderoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Bunker Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Battle of Quebec (1775)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valcour_Island" title="Battle of Valcour Island">Valcour Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island" title="Battle of Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harlem_Heights" title="Battle of Harlem Heights">Harlem Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Washington" title="Battle of Fort Washington">Fort Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Ticonderoga_(1777)" title="Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777)">Siege of Fort Ticonderoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bennington" title="Battle of Bennington">Bennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Lucia" title="Battle of St. Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grenada" title="Battle of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stony_Point" title="Battle of Stony Point">Stony Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Savannah" title="Siege of Savannah">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1780)" title="Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1780)">Cape St. Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Charleston" title="Siege of Charleston">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Connecticut_Farms" title="Battle of Connecticut Farms">Connecticut Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Springfield" title="Battle of Springfield">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camden" title="Battle of Camden">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kings_Mountain" title="Battle of Kings Mountain">Kings Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cowpens" title="Battle of Cowpens">Cowpens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pensacola" title="Siege of Pensacola">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guilford_Court_House" title="Battle of Guilford Court House">Guilford Court House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochry%27s_Defeat" title="Lochry's Defeat">Lochry's Defeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chesapeake" title="Battle of the Chesapeake">Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saintes" title="Battle of the Saintes">The Saintes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Peace_Conference" title="Staten Island Peace Conference">Staten Island Peace Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius#"First_Salute"" title="Sint Eustatius">"First Salute"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Washington's crossing of the Delaware River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-American_alliance" title="Franco-American alliance">Entry of France into war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Peace_Commission" title="Carlisle Peace Commission">Carlisle Peace Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Riots" title="Gordon Riots">Gordon Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line_Mutiny" title="Pennsylvania Line Mutiny">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Sint_Eustatius" title="Capture of Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783" title="Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee%E2%80%93American_wars" title="Cherokee–American wars">Cherokee–American wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Dutch War">Fourth Anglo-Dutch War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second Anglo-Mysore War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Involvement <span class="nobold">(by <br />colony or location)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Rebel colonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Connecticut#The_American_Revolution_(1775–1789)" title="History of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Line" title="Delaware Line">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Georgia in the American Revolution">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Maryland in the American Revolution">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Massachusetts#Revolutionary_Massachusetts:_1760s–1780s" title="History of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Hampshire#Revolution:_1775–1815" title="History of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" title="New Jersey in the American Revolution">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="New York in the American Revolution">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Revolution#American_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina in the American Revolution">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Pennsylvania in the American Revolution">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_in_the_American_Revolution#Revolutionary_era_1775-1790" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island in the American Revolution">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Revolution" title="South Carolina in the American Revolution">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Revolution#American_Revolution" title="Virginia in the American Revolution">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Loyal colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia#17th_and_18th_centuries" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">British</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariot_Arbuthnot" title="Mariot Arbuthnot">Arbuthnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brant" title="Joseph Brant">Brant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burgoyne" title="John Burgoyne">Burgoyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_of_Strachur" title="John Campbell, of Strachur">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Carleton,_1st_Baron_Dorchester" title="Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester">Carleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clinton_(British_Army_officer,_born_1730)" title="Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_of_Lovat" title="Simon Fraser of Lovat">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage" title="Thomas Gage">Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graves,_1st_Baron_Graves" title="Thomas Graves, 1st Baron Graves">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howe,_1st_Earl_Howe" title="Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe">Richard Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howe,_5th_Viscount_Howe" title="William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe">William Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Knyphausen" title="Wilhelm von Knyphausen">Knyphausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rodney,_1st_Baron_Rodney" title="George Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney">Rodney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">King George III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst" title="Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">Barrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Germain,_1st_Viscount_Sackville" title="George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville">Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander,_Lord_Stirling" title="William Alexander, Lord Stirling">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Allen" title="Ethan Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold" title="Benedict Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(naval_officer)" title="John Barry (naval officer)">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Claghorn" title="George Claghorn">Claghorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Leb%C3%A8gue_Duportail" title="Louis Lebègue Duportail">Duportail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Gates" title="Horatio Gates">Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_Greene" title="Nathanael Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esek_Hopkins" title="Esek Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones" title="John Paul Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_de_Kalb" title="Johann de Kalb">de Kalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(general)" title="Charles Lee (general)">Charles Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lincoln" title="Benjamin Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Mercer" title="Hugh Mercer">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Montgomery" title="Richard Montgomery">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Nicholson" title="Samuel Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Putnam" title="Israel Putnam">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben">von Steuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hanson" title="John Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Laurens" title="Henry Laurens">Laurens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Revere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">Witherspoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="French" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henri_Hector,_Count_of_Estaing" title="Charles Henri Hector, Count of Estaing">d'Estaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Paul_de_Grasse" title="François Joseph Paul de Grasse">de Grasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic,_comte_de_Guichen" title="Luc Urbain du Bouëxic, comte de Guichen">de Guichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-C%C3%A9sar_de_La_Luzerne" title="Anne-César de La Luzerne">Luzerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur,_comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau">de Rochambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_de_Suffren" title="Pierre André de Suffren">Suffren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gravier,_comte_de_Vergennes" title="Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes">Vergennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Aftermath" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aftermath</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratification_Day_(United_States)" title="Ratification Day (United States)">Ratification Day (1784)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shays%27s_Rebellion" title="Shays's Rebellion">Shays's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="*_Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Related topics</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War">Prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_(submersible)" title="Turtle (submersible)">The <i>Turtle</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Tree" title="Liberty Tree">Liberty Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Doodle" title="Yankee Doodle">Yankee Doodle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Timeline of the American Revolution">Timeline of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_the_Revolutionary_War" title="African Americans in the Revolutionary War">African Americans in the Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogs_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Dogs in the American Revolutionary War">Dogs in the American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War">Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Women in the American Revolution">Women in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_costs_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Financial costs of the American Revolutionary War">Financial costs of the war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_currency_banknotes" title="Continental currency banknotes">Continental currency banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Currency_dollar_coin" title="Continental Currency dollar coin">Continental Currency dollar coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertas_Americana" title="Libertas Americana">Libertas Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Commemoration of the American Revolution">Commemoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of films about the American Revolution">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_series_and_miniseries_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of television series and miniseries about the American Revolution">television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plays_and_musicals_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of plays and musicals about the American Revolution">theater</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriots%27_Day" title="Patriots' Day">Patriots' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Pulaski_Memorial_Day" title="General Pulaski Memorial Day">Pulaski Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Birthday" title="Jefferson's Birthday">Jefferson's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Steuben_Day" title="Von Steuben Day">Von Steuben Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_American_Revolution_holidays" title="Minor American Revolution holidays">Minor holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Exposition" title="Centennial Exposition">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesquicentennial_Exposition" title="Sesquicentennial Exposition">Sesquicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">Bicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Semiquincentennial" title="United States Semiquincentennial">Semiquincentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Children of the American Revolution">Children of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Daughters of the American Revolution">Daughters of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Sons of the American Revolution">Sons of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Revolution" title="Sons of the Revolution">Sons of the Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Charters of Freedom Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Museum of the American Revolution">Museum of the American Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86591#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86591#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86591#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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