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suction</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: matric suction"> <meta name="keywords" content="matric suction"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="matric suction"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 136</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: matric suction</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Matric Suction Effects on Behavior of Unsaturated Soil Slope</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Mousivand">Mohsen Mousivand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesam%20Aminpour"> Hesam Aminpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil slopes are usually located above the groundwater level that are largely unsaturated. It is possible that unsaturated soil of slope has expanded or collapsed as a result of wetting by rain or other factor that this type of soil behavior can cause serious problems including human and financial damage. The main factor causing this difference in behavior of saturated and unsaturated state of soil is matric suction that is created by interface of the soil and water in the soil pores. So far theoretical studies show that matric suction has important effect on the mechanical behavior of soil although the impact of this factor on slope stability has not been studied. This paper presents a numerical study of effect of matric suction on slope stability. The results of the study indicate that safety factor and stability of soil slope increase due to an increasing of matric suction and in view of matric suction leads to more accurate results and safety factor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope" title="slope">slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soil" title=" unsaturated soil"> unsaturated soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20suction" title=" matric suction"> matric suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42790/matric-suction-effects-on-behavior-of-unsaturated-soil-slope" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> An Experimental Investigation in Effect of Confining Stress and Matric Suction on the Mechanical Behavior of Sand with Different Fine Content</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Asreazad">S. Asreazad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the results that the soil volumetric strain and shear strength are closely related to the confining stress and initial matric suction under constant water content testing on the specimens of unsaturated sand with clay and silt fines contents. The silty sand specimens reached their peak strength after a very small axial strain followed by a post-peak softening towards an ultimate value. The post-peak drop in stress increased by an increment of the suction, while there is no peak strength for clayey sand specimens. The clayey sand shows compressibility and possesses ductile stress-strain behaviour. Shear strength increased nonlinearly with respect to matric suction for both soil types. When suction exceeds a certain range, the effect of suction on shear strength increment weakens gradually. Under the same confining stress, the dilatant tendencies in the silty sand increased under lower values of suction and decreased for higher suction values under the same confining stress. However, the amount of contraction increased with increasing initial suction for clayey sand specimens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soils" title="unsaturated soils">unsaturated soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silty%20sand" title=" silty sand"> silty sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clayey%20sand" title=" clayey sand"> clayey sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triaxial%20test" title=" triaxial test"> triaxial test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69306/an-experimental-investigation-in-effect-of-confining-stress-and-matric-suction-on-the-mechanical-behavior-of-sand-with-different-fine-content" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Role of Matric Suction in Mechanics behind Swelling Characteristics of Expansive Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saloni%20Pandya">Saloni Pandya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikhil%20Sharma"> Nikhil Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajanta%20Sachan"> Ajanta Sachan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Expansive soils in the unsaturated state are part of vadose zone and encountered in several arid and semi-arid parts of the world. Influence of high temperature, low precipitation and alternate cycles of wetting and drying are responsible for the chemical weathering of rocks, which results in the formation of expansive soils. Shrinkage-swelling (expansive) soils cover a substantial portion of area in India. Damages caused by expansive soils to various geotechnical structures are alarming. Matric suction develops in unsaturated soil due to capillarity and surface tension phenomena. Matric suction influences the geometric arrangement of soil skeleton, which induces the volume change behaviour of expansive soil. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the role of matric suction in the mechanism behind swelling characteristics of expansive soil. Four different soils have been collected from different parts of India for the current research. Soil sample S1, S2, S3 and S4 were collected from Nagpur, Bharuch, Bharuch-Dahej highway and Ahmedabad respectively. DFSI (Differential Free Swell Index) of these soils samples; S1, S2, S3, and S4; were determined to be 134%, 104%, 70% and 30% respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis of samples exhibited that percentage of Montmorillonite mineral present in the soils reduced with the decrease in DFSI. A series of constant volume swell pressure tests and in-contact filter paper tests were performed to evaluate swelling pressure and matric suction of all four soils at 30% saturation and 1.46 g/cc dry density. Results indicated that soils possessing higher DFSI exhibited higher matric suction as compared to lower DFSI expansive soils. Significant influence of matric suction on swelling pressure of expansive soils was observed with varying DFSI values. Higher matric suction of soil might govern the water uptake in the interlayer spaces of Montmorillonite mineral present in expansive soil leading to crystalline swelling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20free%20swell%20index" title="differential free swell index">differential free swell index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soils" title=" expansive soils"> expansive soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20suction" title=" matric suction"> matric suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20pressure" title=" swelling pressure "> swelling pressure </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80602/role-of-matric-suction-in-mechanics-behind-swelling-characteristics-of-expansive-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Effect of Filter Paper Technique in Measuring Hydraulic Capacity of Unsaturated Expansive Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenechi%20Kurtis%20Onochie">Kenechi Kurtis Onochie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper shows the use of filter paper technique in the measurement of matric suction of unsaturated expansive soil around the Haspolat region of Lefkosa, North Cyprus in other to establish the soil water characteristics curve (SWCC) or soil water retention curve (SWRC). The dry filter paper approach which is standardized by ASTM, 2003, D 5298-03 in which the filter paper is initially dry was adopted. The whatman No. 42 filter paper was used in the matric suction measurement. The maximum dry density of the soil was obtained as 2.66kg/cm³ and the optimum moisture content as 21%. The soil was discovered to have high air entry value of 1847.46KPa indicating finer particles and 25% hydraulic capacity using filter paper technique. The filter paper technique proved to be very useful for measuring the hydraulic capacity of unsaturated expansive soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWCC" title="SWCC">SWCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20suction" title=" matric suction"> matric suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20paper" title=" filter paper"> filter paper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soil" title=" expansive soil"> expansive soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105060/effect-of-filter-paper-technique-in-measuring-hydraulic-capacity-of-unsaturated-expansive-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Critical Heights of Sloped Unsupported Trenches in Unsaturated Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won%20Taek%20Oh">Won Taek Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adin%20Richard"> Adin Richard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Workers are often required to enter unsupported trenches during the construction process, which may present serious risks. Trench failures can result in death or damage to adjacent properties, therefore trenches should be excavated with extreme precaution. Excavation work is often done in unsaturated soils, where the critical height (i.e. maximum depth that can be excavated without failure) of unsupported trenches can be more reliably estimated by considering the influence of matric suction. In this study, coupled stress/pore-water pressure analyses are conducted to investigate the critical height of sloped unsupported trenches considering the influence of pore-water pressure redistribution caused by excavating. Four different wall slopes (1.5V:1H, 2V:1H, 3V:1H, and 90°) and a vertical trench with the top 0.3 m sloped 1:1 were considered in the analyses with multiple depths of the ground water table in a sand. For comparison, the critical heights were also estimated using the limit equilibrium method for the same excavation scenarios used in the coupled analyses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20height" title="critical height">critical height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20suction" title=" matric suction"> matric suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soil" title=" unsaturated soil"> unsaturated soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsupported%20trench" title=" unsupported trench"> unsupported trench</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98950/critical-heights-of-sloped-unsupported-trenches-in-unsaturated-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Investigation of Slope Stability in Gravel Soils in Unsaturated State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Abolhasan%20Naeini">Seyyed Abolhasan Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Azini"> Ehsan Azini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we consider the stability of a slope of 10 meters in silty gravel soils with modeling in the Geostudio Software.  we intend to use the parameters of the volumetric water content and suction dependent permeability and provides relationships and graphs using the parameters obtained from gradation tests and Atterberg’s limits. Also, different conditions of the soil will be investigated, including: checking the factor of safety and deformation rates and pore water pressure in drained, non-drained and unsaturated conditions, as well as the effect of reducing the water level on other parameters. For this purpose, it is assumed that the groundwater level is at a depth of 2 meters from the ground.  Then, with decreasing water level, the safety factor of slope stability was investigated and it was observed that with decreasing water level, the safety factor increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability%20analysis" title="slope stability analysis">slope stability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20of%20safety" title=" factor of safety"> factor of safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20suction" title=" matric suction"> matric suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20silty%20gravel%20soil" title=" unsaturated silty gravel soil"> unsaturated silty gravel soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107320/investigation-of-slope-stability-in-gravel-soils-in-unsaturated-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> Conceptual Design of Suction Cup Lifting System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Aijaz">Mohammed Aijaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In industries, to transfer fragile materials like glasses, a holding, lifting, and manipulation system are required. In this report, we designed and analysed a suction cup holding, lifting, and manipulation system that is attached to a head plate and must be able to grip/hold securely, the largest glass panel with 3m x 2.5m x 20mm thick with a mass of 115 kg. The system is able to rotate the panel through 180 degrees in the X, Y, and Z axis in any direction from the outer reach of the robotic arm. The structural analysis is performed to verify the structural strength of the suction cup’s head plate system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=designing" title="designing">designing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical" title=" mechanical"> mechanical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering" title=" engineering"> engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction" title=" suction"> suction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163551/conceptual-design-of-suction-cup-lifting-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Exploring the Impact of Tillage and Manure on Soil Water Retention and Van Genuchten</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azadeh%20Safadoust">Azadeh Safadoust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Mahboubi"> Ali Akbar Mahboubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study was conducted to evaluate hydraulic properties of a sandy loam soil and corn (Zea mays L.) crop production under a short-term tillage and manure combinations field experiment carried out in west of Iran. Treatments included composted cattle manure application rates [0, 30, and 60 Mg (dry weight) ha-1] and tillage systems [no-tillage (NT), chisel plowing (CP), and moldboard plowing (MP)] arranged in a split-plot design. Soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were significantly affected by manure and tillage treatments. At any matric suction, the soil water content was in the order of MP>CP>NT. At all matric suctions, the amount of water retained by the soil increased as manure application rate increased (i.e. 60>30>0 Mg ha-1). Similar to the tillage effects, at high suctions the differences of water retained due to manure addition were less than that at low suctions. The change of SWCC from tillage methods and manure applications may attribute to the change of pore size and aggregate size distributions. Soil Ks was in the order of CP>MP>NT for the first two layers and in the order of MP>CP and NT for the deeper soil layer. The Ks also increased with increasing rates of manure application (i.e. 60>30>0 Mg ha-1). This was due to the increase in the total pore size and continuity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn" title="corn">corn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manure" title=" manure"> manure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturated%20hydraulic%20conductivity" title=" saturated hydraulic conductivity"> saturated hydraulic conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20water%20characteristic%20curve" title=" soil water characteristic curve"> soil water characteristic curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tillage" title=" tillage"> tillage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179918/exploring-the-impact-of-tillage-and-manure-on-soil-water-retention-and-van-genuchten" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Soil Water Retention and Van Genuchten Parameters following Tillage and Manure Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahin%20Farajifar">Shahin Farajifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azadeh%20Safadoust"> Azadeh Safadoust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Mahboubi"> Ali Akbar Mahboubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study was conducted to evaluate hydraulic properties of a sandy loam soil and corn (Zea mays L.) crop production under a short-term tillage and manure combinations field experiment carried out in west of Iran. Treatments included composted cattle manure application rates [0, 30, and 60 Mg (dry weight) ha-1] and tillage systems [no-tillage (NT), chisel plowing (CP), and moldboard plowing (MP)] arranged in a split-plot design. Soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were significantly affected by manure and tillage treatments. At any matric suction, the soil water content was in the order of MP>CP>NT. At all matric suctions, the amount of water retained by the soil increased as manure application rate increased (i.e. 60>30>0 Mg ha-1). Similar to the tillage effects, at high suctions the differences of water retained due to manure addition were less than that at low suctions. The change of SWCC from tillage methods and manure applications may attribute to the change of pore size and aggregate size distributions. Soil Ks was in the order of CP>MP>NT for the first two layers and in the order of MP>CP and NT for the deeper soil layer. The Ks also increased with increasing rates of manure application (i.e. 60>30>0 Mg ha-1). This was due to the increase in the total pore size and continuity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn" title="corn">corn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manuure" title=" manuure"> manuure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturated%20hydraulic%20conductivity" title=" saturated hydraulic conductivity"> saturated hydraulic conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20water%20characteristic%20curve" title=" soil water characteristic curve"> soil water characteristic curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tillage" title=" tillage"> tillage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169776/soil-water-retention-and-van-genuchten-parameters-following-tillage-and-manure-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Tillage and Manure Effects on Water Retention and Van Genuchten Parameters in Western Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azadeh%20Safadoust">Azadeh Safadoust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Mahboubi"> Ali Akbar Mahboubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Mosaddeghi"> Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahram%20Gharabaghi"> Bahram Gharabaghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study was conducted to evaluate hydraulic properties of a sandy loam soil and corn (Zea mays L.) crop production under a short-term tillage and manure combinations field experiment carried out in west of Iran. Treatments included composted cattle manure application rates [0, 30, and 60 Mg (dry weight) ha⁻¹] and tillage systems [no-tillage (NT), chisel plowing (CP), and moldboard plowing (MP)] arranged in a split-plot design. Soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were significantly affected by manure and tillage treatments. At any matric suction, the soil water content was in the order of MP>CP>NT. At all matric suctions, the amount of water retained by the soil increased as manure application rate increased (i.e. 60>30>0 Mg ha⁻¹). Similar to the tillage effects, at high suctions the differences of water retained due to manure addition were less than that at low suctions. The change of SWCC from tillage methods and manure applications may attribute to the change of pore size and aggregate size distributions. Soil Ks was in the order of CP>MP>NT for the first two layers and in the order of MP>CP and NT for the deeper soil layer. The Ks also increased with increasing rates of manure application (i.e. 60>30>0 Mg ha⁻¹). This was due to the increase in the total pore size and continuity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn" title="corn">corn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manure" title=" manure"> manure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturated%20hydraulic%20conductivity" title=" saturated hydraulic conductivity"> saturated hydraulic conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20water%20characteristic%20curve" title=" soil water characteristic curve"> soil water characteristic curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tillage" title=" tillage"> tillage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160768/tillage-and-manure-effects-on-water-retention-and-van-genuchten-parameters-in-western-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Significance of High Specific Speed in Circulating Water Pump, Which Can Cause Cavitation, Noise and Vibration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandra%20Gupt%20Porwal">Chandra Gupt Porwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excessive vibration means increased wear, increased repair efforts, bad product selection & quality and high energy consumption. This may be sometimes experienced by cavitation or suction/discharge re-circulation which could occur only when net positive suction head available NPSHA drops below the net positive suction head required NPSHR. Cavitation can cause axial surging if it is excessive, will damage mechanical seals, bearings, possibly other pump components frequently and shorten the life of the impeller. Efforts have been made to explain Suction Energy (SE), Specific Speed (Ns), Suction Specific Speed (Nss), NPSHA, NPSHR & their significance, possible reasons of cavitation /internal re-circulation, its diagnostics and remedial measures to arrest and prevent cavitation in this paper. A case study is presented by the author highlighting that the root cause of unwanted noise and vibration is due to cavitation, caused by high specific speeds or inadequate net- positive suction head available which results in damages to material surfaces of impeller & suction bells and degradation of machine performance, its capacity and efficiency too. The author strongly recommends revisiting the technical specifications of CW pumps to provide sufficient NPSH margin ratios > 1.5, for future projects and Nss be limited to 8500 -9000 for cavitation free operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=best%20efficiency%20point%20%28BEP%29" title="best efficiency point (BEP)">best efficiency point (BEP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net%20positive%20suction%20head%20NPSHA" title=" net positive suction head NPSHA"> net positive suction head NPSHA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NPSHR" title=" NPSHR"> NPSHR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20speed%20NS" title=" specific speed NS"> specific speed NS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction%20specific%20speed%20NSS" title=" suction specific speed NSS"> suction specific speed NSS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37363/significance-of-high-specific-speed-in-circulating-water-pump-which-can-cause-cavitation-noise-and-vibration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Combined Effect of Roughness and Suction on Heat Transfer in a Laminar Channel Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Khezerloo">Marzieh Khezerloo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyazid%20Djenidi"> Lyazid Djenidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Owing to wide range of the micro-device applications, the problems of mixing at small scales is of significant interest. Also, because most of the processes produce heat, it is needed to develop and implement strategies for heat removal in these devices. There are many studies which focus on the effect of roughness or suction on heat transfer performance, separately, although it would be useful to take advantage of these two methods to improve heat transfer performance. Unfortunately, there is a gap in this area. The present numerical study is carried to investigate the combined effects of roughness and wall suction on heat transfer performance of a laminar channel flow; suction is applied on the top and back faces of the roughness element, respectively. The study is carried out for different Reynolds numbers, different suction rates, and various locations of suction area on the roughness. The flow is assumed two dimensional, incompressible, laminar, and steady state. The governing Navier-Stokes equations are solved using ANSYS-Fluent 18.2 software. The present results are tested against previous theoretical results. The results show that by adding suction, the local Nusselt number is enhanced in the channel. In addition, it is shown that by applying suction on the bottom section of the roughness back face, one can reduce the thickness of thermal boundary layer, which leads to an increase in local Nusselt number. This indicates that suction is an effective means for improving the heat transfer rate (suction by controls the thickness of thermal boundary layer). It is also shown that the size and intensity of vortical motion behind the roughness element, decreased with an increasing suction rate, which leads to higher local Nusselt number. So, it can be concluded that by using suction, strategically located on the roughness element, one can control both the recirculation region and the heat transfer rate. Further results will be presented at the conference for coefficient of drag and the effect of adding more roughness elements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminar%20flow" title=" laminar flow"> laminar flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction" title=" suction"> suction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108817/combined-effect-of-roughness-and-suction-on-heat-transfer-in-a-laminar-channel-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Determination of Suction of Arid Region Soil Using Filter Paper Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavita%20S.%20Dave">Bhavita S. Dave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandresh%20H.%20Solanki"> Chandresh H. Solanki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atul%20K.%20Desai"> Atul K. Desai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soils of Greater Himalayas mostly pertain to Leh & Ladakh, Lahaul & Sppiti, & high reaches to Uttarakhand. The moisture regime is aridic. The arid zone starts from Baralacha pass in Lahaul and covers the entire Spiti valley in the district of Lahaul & Spiti, Himachal Pradesh of India. Here, the present study is an attempt to determine the suction value of soil collected from the arid zone of Spiti valley for different freezing-thawing cycles considering the climate ranges of Spiti valley. Suction is the basic and most important parameter which influences the behavior of unsaturated soil. It is essential to determine the suction value of unsaturated soil before other tests like shear test, and permeability. Basically, it is the negative pore water pressure in partially saturated soil measured in terms of the height of the water column. The filter paper method has been used for the study as an economical approach to evaluate suction. It is the only method from which both contact and non-contact suction can be deduced. In this study, soil specimens were subjected to 0, 1, 3, & 5 freezing-thawing (F-T) cycles for different degrees of saturation to have a wide range of suction, and soil freezing characteristic curves (SFCC) were formulated for all F-T cycles. The result data collected from the experiments have shown best-fitted values using Fredlund & Xing model for each SFCC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction" title="suction">suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arid%20region%20soil" title=" arid region soil"> arid region soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20freezing%20characteristic%20curve" title=" soil freezing characteristic curve"> soil freezing characteristic curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freezing-thawing%20cycle" title=" freezing-thawing cycle"> freezing-thawing cycle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141081/determination-of-suction-of-arid-region-soil-using-filter-paper-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> Concrete-Wall-Climbing Testing Robot</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Tokuomi">S. Tokuomi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mori"> K. Mori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Tsuruzono"> Y. Tsuruzono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A concrete-wall-climbing testing robot, has been developed. This robot adheres and climbs concrete walls using two sets of suction cups, as well as being able to rotate by the use of the alternating motion of the suction cups. The maximum climbing speed is about 60 cm/min. Each suction cup has a pressure sensor, which monitors the adhesion of each suction cup. The impact acoustic method is used in testing concrete walls. This robot has an impact acoustic device and four microphones for the acquisition of the impact sound. The effectiveness of the impact acoustic system was tested by applying it to an inspection of specimens with artificial circular void defects. A circular void defect with a diameter of 200 mm at a depth of 50 mm was able to be detected. The weight and the dimensions of the robot are about 17 kg and 1.0 m by 1.3 m, respectively. The upper limit of testing is about 10 m above the ground due to the length of the power cable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20wall" title="concrete wall">concrete wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nondestructive%20testing" title=" nondestructive testing"> nondestructive testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climbing%20robot" title=" climbing robot"> climbing robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20acoustic%20method" title=" impact acoustic method"> impact acoustic method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20598/concrete-wall-climbing-testing-robot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">659</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Numerical Investigation and Optimization of the Effect of Number of Blade and Blade Type on the Suction Pressure and Outlet Mass Flow Rate of a Centrifugal Fan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogan%20Karabas">Ogan Karabas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suleyman%20Yigit"> Suleyman Yigit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Number of blade and blade type of centrifugal fans are the most decisive factor on the field of application, noise level, suction pressure and outlet mass flow rate. Nowadays, in order to determine these effects on centrifugal fans, numerical studies are carried out in addition to experimental studies. In this study, it is aimed to numerically investigate the changes of suction pressure and outlet mass flow rate values of a centrifugal fan according to the number of blade and blade type. Centrifugal fans of the same size with forward, backward and straight blade type were analyzed by using a simulation program and compared with each other. This analysis was carried out under steady state condition by selecting k-Ɛ turbulence model and air is assumed incompressible. Then, 16, 32 and 48 blade centrifugal fans were again analyzed by using same simulation program, and the optimum number of blades was determined for the suction pressure and the outlet mass flow rate. According to the results of the analysis, it was obtained that the suction pressure in the 32 blade fan was twice the value obtained in the 16 blade fan. In addition, the outlet mass flow rate increased by 45% with the increase in the number of blade from 16 to 32. There is no significant change observed on the suction pressure and outlet mass flow rate when the number of blades increased from 32 to 48. In the light of the analysis results, the optimum blade number was determined as 32. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blade%20type" title="blade type">blade type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centrifugal%20fan" title=" centrifugal fan"> centrifugal fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cfd" title=" cfd"> cfd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outlet%20mass%20flow%20rate" title=" outlet mass flow rate"> outlet mass flow rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction%20pressure" title=" suction pressure"> suction pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100343/numerical-investigation-and-optimization-of-the-effect-of-number-of-blade-and-blade-type-on-the-suction-pressure-and-outlet-mass-flow-rate-of-a-centrifugal-fan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Shear Strength Parameters of an Unsaturated Lateritic Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeferson%20Brito%20Fernades">Jeferson Brito Fernades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Breno%20Padovezi%20Rocha"> Breno Padovezi Rocha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20Augusto%20Rodrigues"> Roger Augusto Rodrigues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heraldo%20Luiz%20Giacheti"> Heraldo Luiz Giacheti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The geotechnical projects demand the appropriate knowledge of soil characteristics and parameters. The determination of geotechnical soil parameters can be done by means of laboratory or in situ tests. In countries with tropical weather, like Brazil, unsaturated soils are very usual. In these soils, the soil suction has been recognized as an important stress state variable, which commands the geo-mechanical behavior. Triaxial and direct shear tests on saturated soils samples allow determine only the minimal soil shear strength, in other words, no suction contribution. This paper briefly describes the triaxial test with controlled suction as well as discusses the influence of suction on the shear strength parameters of a lateritic tropical sandy soil from a Brazilian research site. In this site, a sample pit was excavated to retrieve disturbed and undisturbed soil blocks. The samples extracted from these blocks were tested in laboratory to represent the soil from 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 m depth. The stress curves and shear strength envelopes determined by triaxial tests varying suction and confining pressure are presented and discussed. The water retention characteristics on this soil complement this analysis. In situ CPT tests were also carried out at this site in different seasons of the year. In this case, the soil suction profile was determined by means of the soil water retention. This extra information allowed assessing how soil suction also affected the CPT data and the shear strength parameters estimative via correlation. The major conclusions of this paper are: the undisturbed soil samples contracted before shearing and the soil shear strength increased hyperbolically with suction; and it was possible to assess how soil suction also influenced CPT test data based on the water content soil profile as well as the water retention curve. This study contributed with a better understanding of the shear strength parameters and the soil variability of a typical unsaturated tropical soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site%20characterization" title="site characterization">site characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triaxial%20test" title=" triaxial test"> triaxial test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPT" title=" CPT"> CPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction" title=" suction"> suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variability" title=" variability"> variability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39766/shear-strength-parameters-of-an-unsaturated-lateritic-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Physical Tests on Localized Fluidization in Offshore Suction Bucket Foundations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Hua%20Luu">Li-Hua Luu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexis%20Doghmane"> Alexis Doghmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Farhat"> Abbas Farhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Sanayei"> Mohammad Sanayei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierre%20Philippe"> Pierre Philippe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20Cuellar"> Pablo Cuellar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Suction buckets are promising innovative foundations for offshore wind turbines. They generally feature the shape of an inverted bucket and rely on a suction system as a driving agent for their installation into the seabed. Water is pumped out of the buckets that are initially placed to rest on the seabed, creating a net pressure difference across the lid that generates a seepage flow, lowers the soil resistance below the foundation skirt, and drives them effectively into the seabed. The stability of the suction mechanism as well as the possibility of a piping failure (i.e., localized fluidization within the internal soil plug) during their installation are some of the key questions that remain open. The present work deals with an experimental study of localized fluidization by suction within a fixed bucket partially embedded into a submerged artificial soil made of spherical beads. The transient process, from the onset of granular motion until reaching a stationary regime for the fluidization at the embedded bucket wall, is recorded using the combined optical techniques of planar laser-induced fluorescence and refractive index matching. To conduct a systematic study of the piping threshold for the seepage flow, we vary the beads size, the suction pressure, and the initial depth for the bucket. This experimental modelling, by dealing with erosion-related phenomena from a micromechanical perspective, shall provide qualitative scenarios for the local processes at work which are missing in the offshore practice so far. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidization" title="fluidization">fluidization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micromechanical%20approach" title=" micromechanical approach"> micromechanical approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20foundations" title=" offshore foundations"> offshore foundations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction%20bucket" title=" suction bucket"> suction bucket</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135044/physical-tests-on-localized-fluidization-in-offshore-suction-bucket-foundations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Seismic Behavior of Suction Caisson Foundations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Saleh%20Asheghabadi">Mohsen Saleh Asheghabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Jafari%20Jebeli"> Alireza Jafari Jebeli </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing population growth requires more sustainable development of energy. This non-contaminated energy has an inexhaustible energy source. One of the vital parameters in such structures is the choice of foundation type. Suction caissons are now used extensively worldwide for offshore wind turbine. Considering the presence of a number of offshore wind farms in earthquake areas, the study of the seismic behavior of suction caisson is necessary for better design. In this paper, the results obtained from three suction caisson models with different diameter (D) and skirt length (L) in saturated sand were compared with centrifuge test results. All models are analyzed using 3D finite element (FE) method taking account of elasto-plastic Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model for soil which is available in the ABAQUS library. The earthquake load applied to the base of models with a maximum acceleration of 0.65g. The results showed that numerical method is in relative good agreement with centrifuge results. The settlement and rotation of foundation decrease by increasing the skirt length and foundation diameter. The sand soil outside the caisson is prone to liquefaction due to its low confinement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction" title="liquefaction">liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction%20caisson%20foundation" title=" suction caisson foundation"> suction caisson foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20wind%20turbine" title=" offshore wind turbine"> offshore wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20behavior" title=" seismic behavior"> seismic behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98095/seismic-behavior-of-suction-caisson-foundations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Soil Matric Potential Based Irrigation in Rice: A Solution to Water Scarcity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20C.%20M.%20Dias">S. N. C. M. Dias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niels%20Schuetze"> Niels Schuetze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Franz%20Lennartz"> Franz Lennartz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current focus in irrigated agriculture will move from maximizing crop production per unit area towards maximizing the crop production per unit amount of water (water productivity) used. At the same time, inadequate water supply or deficit irrigation will be the only solution to cope with water scarcity in the near future. Soil matric potential based irrigation plays an important role in such deficit irrigated agriculture to grow any crop including rice. Rice as the staple food for more than half of the world population, grows mainly under flooded conditions. It requires more water compared to other upland cereals. A major amount of this water is used in the land preparation and is lost at field level due to evaporation, deep percolation, and seepage. A field experimental study was conducted in the experimental premises of rice research and development institute of Sri Lanka in Kurunegala district to estimate the water productivity of rice under deficit irrigation. This paper presents the feasibility of improving current irrigation management in rice cultivation under water scarce conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four different irrigation treatments with three replicates. Irrigation treatments were based on soil matric potential threshold values. Treatment W0 was maintained between 60-80mbars. W1 was maintained between 80-100mbars. Other two dry treatments W2 and W3 were maintained at 100-120 mbar and 120 -140 mbar respectively. The sprinkler system was used to irrigate each plot individually upon reaching the maximum threshold value in respective treatment. Treatments were imposed two weeks after seed establishment and continued until two weeks before physiological maturity. Fertilizer applications, weed management, and other management practices were carried out per the local recommendations. Weekly plant growth measurements, daily climate parameters, soil parameters, soil tension values, and water content were measured throughout the growing period. Highest plant growth and grain yield (5.61t/ha) were observed in treatment W2 followed by W0, W1, and W3 in comparison to the reference yield (5.23t/ha) of flooded rice grown in the study area. Water productivity was highest in W3. Concerning the irrigation water savings, grain yield, and water productivity together, W2 showed the better performance. Rice grown under unsaturated conditions (W2) shows better performance compared to the continuously saturated conditions(W0). In conclusion, soil matric potential based irrigation is a promising practice in irrigation management in rice. Higher irrigation water savings can be achieved in this method. This strategy can be applied to a wide range of locations under different climates and soils. In future studies, higher soil matric potential values can be applied to evaluate the maximum possible values for rice to get higher water savings at minimum yield losses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title="irrigation">irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20potential" title=" matric potential"> matric potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20scarcity" title=" water scarcity"> water scarcity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63667/soil-matric-potential-based-irrigation-in-rice-a-solution-to-water-scarcity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Effect of Magnetic Field on Mixed Convection Boundary Layer Flow over an Exponentially Shrinking Vertical Sheet with Suction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20P.%20M.%20Isa">S. S. P. M. Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20M.%20Arifin"> N. M. Arifin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Nazar"> R. Nazar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Bachok"> N. Bachok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20M.%20Ali"> F. M. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Pop"> I. Pop</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A theoretical study has been presented to describe the boundary layer flow and heat transfer on an exponentially shrinking sheet with a variable wall temperature and suction, in the presence of magnetic field. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by similarity transformation, which are then solved numerically using the shooting method. Results for the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, velocity profiles as well as temperature profiles are presented through graphs and tables for several sets of values of the parameters. The effects of the governing parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are thoroughly examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponentially%20shrinking%20sheet" title="exponentially shrinking sheet">exponentially shrinking sheet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection" title=" mixed convection"> mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction" title=" suction"> suction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13072/effect-of-magnetic-field-on-mixed-convection-boundary-layer-flow-over-an-exponentially-shrinking-vertical-sheet-with-suction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Effect of Thermal Radiation on Flow, Heat, and Mass Transfer of a Nanofluid over a Stretching Horizontal Cylinder Embedded in a Porous Medium with Suction/Injection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsayed%20M.%20A.%20Elbashbeshy">Elsayed M. A. Elbashbeshy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20G.%20Emam"> T. G. Emam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20El-Azab"> M. S. El-Azab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Abdelgaber"> K. M. Abdelgaber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of thermal radiation on flow, heat and mass transfer of an incompressible viscous nanofluid over a stretching horizontal cylinder embedded in a porous medium with suction/injection is discussed numerically. The governing boundary layer equations are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations. Mathematica has been used to solve such system after obtaining the missed initial conditions. Comparison of obtained numerical results is made with previously published results in some special cases, and found to be in a good agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminar%20flow" title="laminar flow">laminar flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20layer" title=" boundary layer"> boundary layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stretching%20horizontal%20cylinder" title=" stretching horizontal cylinder"> stretching horizontal cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20radiation" title=" thermal radiation"> thermal radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction%2Finjection" title=" suction/injection"> suction/injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title=" nanofluid"> nanofluid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15200/effect-of-thermal-radiation-on-flow-heat-and-mass-transfer-of-a-nanofluid-over-a-stretching-horizontal-cylinder-embedded-in-a-porous-medium-with-suctioninjection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Magnetohydrodynamics Flow and Heat Transfer in a Non-Newtonian Power-Law Fluid due to a Rotating Disk with Velocity Slip and Temperature Jump</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Dayana%20Khairunnisa%20Rosli">Nur Dayana Khairunnisa Rosli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seripah%20Awang%20Kechil"> Seripah Awang Kechil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Swirling flows with velocity slip are important in nature and industrial processes. The present work considers the effects of velocity slip, temperature jump and suction/injection on the flow and heat transfer of power-law fluids due to a rotating disk in the presence of magnetic field. The system of the partial differential equations is highly non-linear. The number of independent variables is reduced by transforming the system into a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The effects of suction/injection, velocity slip and temperature jump on the flow rates are investigated for various cases of shear thinning and shear thickening power law fluids. The thermal and velocity jump strongly reduce the heat transfer rate and skin friction coefficient. Suction decreases the radial and tangential skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer. It is also observed that the effects are more pronounced in the case of shear thinning fluids as compared to shear thickening fluids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power-law%20fluids" title=" power-law fluids"> power-law fluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotating%20disk" title=" rotating disk"> rotating disk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction%20or%20injection" title=" suction or injection"> suction or injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20jump" title=" temperature jump"> temperature jump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20slip" title=" velocity slip"> velocity slip</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53534/magnetohydrodynamics-flow-and-heat-transfer-in-a-non-newtonian-power-law-fluid-due-to-a-rotating-disk-with-velocity-slip-and-temperature-jump" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Flow Control by Suction and Injection on a Subsonic NACA23012 Airfoil by Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis and Perturbed Reynolds Averaged Navier‐Stokes Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Zare">Azam Zare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Separation flow control for performance enhancement over airfoils at high incidence angle has become an increasingly important topic. This work details the characteristics of an efficient feedback control of the turbulent subsonic flow over NACA23012 airfoil using forced reduced‐order model based on the proper orthogonal decomposition/Galerkin projection and perturbation method on the compressible Reynolds Averaged Navier‐Stokes equations. The forced reduced‐order model is used in the optimal control of the turbulent separated flow over a NACA23012 airfoil at Mach number of 0.2, Reynolds number of 5×106, and high incidence angle of 24° using blowing/suction controlling jets. The Spallart-Almaras turbulence model is implemented for high Reynolds number calculations. The main shortcoming of the POD/Galerkin projection on flow equations for controlling purposes is that the blowing/suction controlling jet velocity does not show up explicitly in the resulting reduced order model. Combining perturbation method and POD/Galerkin projection on flow equations introduce a forced reduced‐order model that can predict the time-varying influence of the blowing/suction controlling jet velocity. An optimal control theory based on forced reduced‐order system is used to design a control law for a nonlinear reduced‐order model, which attempts to minimize the vorticity content in the turbulent flow field over NACA23012 airfoil. Numerical simulations were performed to help understand the behavior of the controlled suction jet at 12% to 18% chord from leading edge and a pair of blowing/suction jets at 15% to 18% and 24% to 30% chord from leading edge, respectively. Analysis of streamline profiles indicates that the blowing/suction jets are efficient in removing separation bubbles and increasing the lift coefficient up to 22%, while the perturbation method can predict the flow field in an accurate Manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20control" title="flow control">flow control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=POD" title=" POD"> POD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galerkin%20projection" title=" Galerkin projection"> Galerkin projection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation" title=" separation"> separation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95962/numerical-investigation-of-turbulent-flow-control-by-suction-and-injection-on-a-subsonic-naca23012-airfoil-by-proper-orthogonal-decomposition-analysis-and-perturbed-reynolds-averaged-navierstokes-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Magnetoviscous Effects on Axi-Symmetric Ferrofluid Flow over a Porous Rotating Disk with Suction/Injection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikas%20Kumar">Vikas Kumar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is carried out to investigate the magneto-viscous effects on incompressible ferrofluid flow over a porous rotating disc with suction or injection on the surface of the disc subjected to a magnetic field. The flow under consideration is axi-symmetric steady ferrofluid flow of electrically non-conducting fluid. Karman’s transformation is used to convert the governing boundary layer equations involved in the problem to a system of non linear coupled differential equations. The solution of this system is obtained by using power series approximation. The flow characteristics i.e. radial, tangential, axial velocities and boundary layer displacement thickness are calculated for various values of MFD (magnetic field dependent) viscosity and for different values of suction injection parameter. Besides this, skin friction coefficients are also calculated on the surface of the disk. Thus, the obtained results are presented numerically and graphically in the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axi-symmetric" title="axi-symmetric">axi-symmetric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferrofluid" title=" ferrofluid"> ferrofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20rotating%20disk" title=" porous rotating disk"> porous rotating disk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2034/magnetoviscous-effects-on-axi-symmetric-ferrofluid-flow-over-a-porous-rotating-disk-with-suctioninjection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Coupled Analysis for Hazard Modelling of Debris Flow Due to Extreme Rainfall </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20V.%20Nikhil">N. V. Nikhil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20Lee"> S. R. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Do%20Won%20Park"> Do Won Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Korean peninsula receives about two third of the annual rainfall during summer season. The extreme rainfall pattern due to typhoon and heavy rainfall results in severe mountain disasters among which 55% of them are debris flows, a major natural hazard especially when occurring around major settlement areas. The basic mechanism underlined for this kind of failure is the unsaturated shallow slope failure by reduction of matric suction due to infiltration of water and liquefaction of the failed mass due to generation of positive pore water pressure leading to abrupt loss of strength and commencement of flow. However only an empirical model cannot simulate this complex mechanism. Hence, we have employed an empirical-physical based approach for hazard analysis of debris flow using TRIGRS, a debris flow initiation criteria and DAN3D in mountain Woonmyun, South Korea. Debris flow initiation criteria is required to discern the potential landslides which can transform into debris flow. DAN-3D, being a new model, does not have the calibrated values of rheology parameters for Korean conditions. Thus, in our analysis we have used the recent 2011 debris flow event in mountain Woonmyun san for calibration of both TRIGRS model and DAN-3D, thereafter identifying and predicting the debris flow initiation points, path, run out velocity, and area of spreading for future extreme rainfall based scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20flow" title="debris flow">debris flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DAN-3D" title=" DAN-3D"> DAN-3D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20rainfall" title=" extreme rainfall"> extreme rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard%20analysis" title=" hazard analysis"> hazard analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3385/coupled-analysis-for-hazard-modelling-of-debris-flow-due-to-extreme-rainfall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> The Impact of Purpose as a Principal Leadership Skill on the Performance Select Township Schools in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pepe%20Marais">Pepe Marais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Govender"> Krishna Govender</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to investigate the impact of “purpose” as a principal leadership skill on the performance of two township schools using a quantitative research design and collecting data from the school principals, teachers and matric learners, using the 28-scale Servant Leadership Test as well as Gallup’s Q12 Employee Engagement survey. The questionnaires addressed the key objectives, namely, the extent to which the principals of the participating schools exhibited servant leadership and their understanding of “purpose” as one word in leadership and how teachers and learners perceived the impact of a “one-word” purpose-driven leader on the performance of the selected schools. Although no relationship could be demonstrated between ‘’purpose’’ and the performance of the two township schools, it became evident that a significant increase in Servant Leadership leads to a significant increase in engagement and performance, as measured by the matric pass rate. It is recommended that workshops be facilitated with principals and teachers in order to entrench ‘’purpose’’ deeper throughout the schools. In addition, Servant Leadership training has to be conduced to increase the leadership ability of the school principals. Future research in the area of ‘’purpose as one word’’, as well as Servant Leadership as a principal skillset within South Africa’s public school leadership, is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20leadership" title="school leadership">school leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=servant%20leadership" title=" servant leadership"> servant leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-word%20purpose" title=" one-word purpose"> one-word purpose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engagement" title=" engagement"> engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149253/the-impact-of-purpose-as-a-principal-leadership-skill-on-the-performance-select-township-schools-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Effect of Temperature on the Water Retention Capacity of Liner Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Al-Mahbashi">Ahmed M. Al-Mahbashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosleh%20A.%20Al-Shamrani"> Mosleh A. Al-Shamrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muawia%20Dafalla"> Muawia Dafalla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mixtures of sand and clay are frequently used to serve for specific purposes in several engineering practices. In environmental engineering, liner layers and cover layers are common for controlling waste disposal facilities. These layers are exposed to moisture and temperature fluctuation specially when existing in unsaturated condition. The relationship between soil suction and water content for these materials is essential for understanding their unsaturated behavior and properties such as retention capacity and unsaturated follow (hydraulic conductivity). This study is aimed at investigating retention capacity for two sand-natural expansive clay mixtures (15% (C15) and 30% (C30) expansive clay) at two ambient temperatures within the range of 5 -50 °C. Soil water retention curves (SWRC) for these materials were determined at these two ambient temperatures using different salt solutions for a wide range of suction (up to 200MPa). The results indicate that retention capacity of C15 mixture underwent significant changes due to temperature variations. This effect tends to be less visible when the clay fraction is doubled (C30). In addition, the overall volume change is marginally affected by high temperature within the range considered in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20water%20retention%20curve" title="soil water retention curve">soil water retention curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand-expansive%20clay%20liner" title=" sand-expansive clay liner"> sand-expansive clay liner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction" title=" suction"> suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102815/effect-of-temperature-on-the-water-retention-capacity-of-liner-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> On a Transient Magnetohydrodynamics Heat Transfer Within Radiative Porous Channel Due to Convective Boundary Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashiru%20Abdullahi">Bashiru Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isah%20Bala%20Yabo"> Isah Bala Yabo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Yakubu%20Seini"> Ibrahim Yakubu Seini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the steady/transient MHD heat transfer within radiative porous channel due to convective boundary conditions is considered. The solution of the steady-state and that of the transient version were conveyed by Perturbation and Finite difference methods respectively. The heat transfer mechanism of the present work ascertains the influence of Biot number〖(B〗_i1), magnetizing parameter (M), radiation parameter(R), temperature difference, suction/injection(S) Grashof number (Gr) and time (t) on velocity (u), temperature(θ), skin friction(τ), and Nusselt number (Nu). The results established were discussed with the help of a line graph. It was found that the velocity, temperature, and skin friction decay with increasing suction/injection and magnetizing parameters while the Nusselt number upsurges with suction/injection at y = 0 and falls at y =1. The steady-state solution was in perfect agreement with the transient version for a significant value of time t. It is interesting to report that the Biot number has a cogent influence consequently, as its values upsurge the result of the present work slant the extended literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20radiation" title=" thermal radiation"> thermal radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20channel" title=" porous channel"> porous channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHD" title=" MHD"> MHD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient" title=" transient"> transient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convective%20boundary%20condition" title=" convective boundary condition"> convective boundary condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151318/on-a-transient-magnetohydrodynamics-heat-transfer-within-radiative-porous-channel-due-to-convective-boundary-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Operative Tips of Strattice Based Breast Reconstruction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cho%20Ee%20Ng">Cho Ee Ng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazem%20Khout"> Hazem Khout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarannum%20Fasih"> Tarannum Fasih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acellular dermal matrices are increasingly used to reinforce the lower pole of the breast during implant breast reconstruction. There is no standard technique described in literature for the use of this product. In this article, we share our operative method of fixation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strattice" title="strattice">strattice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acellular%20dermal%20matric" title=" acellular dermal matric"> acellular dermal matric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20reconstruction" title=" breast reconstruction"> breast reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implant" title=" implant"> implant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24838/operative-tips-of-strattice-based-breast-reconstruction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Enhancements to the Coupled Hydro-Mechanical Hypoplastic Model for Unsaturated Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanujah%20Mathuranayagam">Shanujah Mathuranayagam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Fuentes"> William Fuentes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samanthika%20Liyanapathirana"> Samanthika Liyanapathirana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces an enhanced version of the coupled hydro-mechanical hypoplastic model. The model is able to simulate volumetric collapse upon wetting and incorporates suction effects on stiffness and strength. Its mechanical constitutive equation links Bishop’s effective stress with strain and suction, featuring a normal consolidation line (NCL) with a compression index (λ) presenting a non-linear dependency with the degree of saturation. The Bulk modulus has been modified to ensure that under rapid volumetric collapse, the stress state remains at the NCL. The coupled model comprises eighteen parameters, with nine for the hydraulic component and nine for the mechanical component. Hydraulic parameters are calibrated with the use of water retention curves (IWRC) across varied soil densities, while mechanical parameters undergo calibration using isotropic and triaxial tests on both unsaturated and saturated samples. The model's performance is analyzed through the back-calculation of two experimental studies: (i) wetting under different vertical stresses for Lower Cromer Till and (ii) isotropic loading and triaxial loading for undisturbed loess. The results confirm that the proposed model is able to predict the hydro-mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypoplastic%20model" title="hypoplastic model">hypoplastic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volumetric%20collapse" title=" volumetric collapse"> volumetric collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20consolidation%20line" title=" normal consolidation line"> normal consolidation line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20index%20%28%CE%BB%29" title=" compression index (λ)"> compression index (λ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20saturation" title=" degree of saturation"> degree of saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20suction" title=" soil suction"> soil suction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183465/enhancements-to-the-coupled-hydro-mechanical-hypoplastic-model-for-unsaturated-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20suction&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20suction&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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