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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Aardappel" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Aardappel" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. 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accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kenmerken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenmerken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kenmerken</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kenmerken-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Kenmerken-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kenmerken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voedingswaarde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voedingswaarde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Voedingswaarde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voedingswaarde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bereiding_in_aardappelgerechten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bereiding_in_aardappelgerechten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bereiding in aardappelgerechten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bereiding_in_aardappelgerechten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herkomst_en_geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herkomst_en_geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Herkomst en geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herkomst_en_geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genoomsamenstelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genoomsamenstelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Genoomsamenstelling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genoomsamenstelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economisch_belang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economisch_belang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economisch belang</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economisch_belang-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Economisch belang-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economisch_belang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grootste_producenten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grootste_producenten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Grootste producenten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grootste_producenten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Productie_en_areaal_in_Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Productie_en_areaal_in_Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Productie en areaal in Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Productie_en_areaal_in_Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relatie_met_hongersnood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relatie_met_hongersnood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Relatie met hongersnood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relatie_met_hongersnood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teelt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teelt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Teelt</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Teelt-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Teelt-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Teelt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Op_de_akker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Op_de_akker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Op de akker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Op_de_akker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodes_in_het_jaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodes_in_het_jaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Periodes in het jaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodes_in_het_jaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ziektebestrijding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ziektebestrijding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Ziektebestrijding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ziektebestrijding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologische_teelt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologische_teelt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Biologische teelt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biologische_teelt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bewaren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bewaren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bewaren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bewaren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ziekten_en_plagen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ziekten_en_plagen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ziekten en plagen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ziekten_en_plagen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rassen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rassen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Rassen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rassen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwerking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwerking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Verwerking</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Verwerking-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Verwerking-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Verwerking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consumptie-aardappels_(45%)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumptie-aardappels_(45%)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Consumptie-aardappels (45%)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumptie-aardappels_(45%)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zetmeelaardappels_(31%)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zetmeelaardappels_(31%)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Zetmeelaardappels (31%)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zetmeelaardappels_(31%)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pootaardappels_(24%)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pootaardappels_(24%)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Pootaardappels (24%)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pootaardappels_(24%)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anekdotes_en_wetenswaardigheden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anekdotes_en_wetenswaardigheden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Anekdotes en wetenswaardigheden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anekdotes_en_wetenswaardigheden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aardappel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 183 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-183" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">183 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Акартош – Abchazisch" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Акартош" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchazisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aartappel" title="Aartappel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aartappel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartoffel" title="Kartoffel – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kartoffel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B5%E1%8A%95%E1%89%BD" title="ድንች – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ድንች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" title="Solanum tuberosum – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Solanum tuberosum" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eor%C3%BEperu" title="Eorþperu – Oudengels" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Eorþperu" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Oudengels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A7" title="بطاطا – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بطاطا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A7" title="بطاطا – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بطاطا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B3_(%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B0%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="بطاطس (هو خضار جذريه من فصيلة الباذنجانيات) – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بطاطس (هو خضار جذريه من فصيلة الباذنجانيات)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" title="Solanum tuberosum – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Solanum tuberosum" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patak" title="Patak – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Patak" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81" title="आलु – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="आलु" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartof" title="Kartof – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kartof" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7" title="یئرآلما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یئرآلما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Бәрәңге – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бәрәңге" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentang" title="Kentang – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kentang" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolb%C4%97" title="Bolbė – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bolbė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patatas" title="Patatas – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Patatas" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Бульба – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бульба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Бульба – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бульба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artapel" title="Artapel – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Artapel" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84" title="Картоф – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Картоф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81" title="আলু – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patatez" title="Patatez – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Patatez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krompir" title="Krompir – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Krompir" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%BC%D2%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Түмһэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түмһэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patatera" title="Patatera – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Patatera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C4%83ng-gi%C4%81ng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%80" title="Huăng-giāng-sṳ̀ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huăng-giāng-sṳ̀" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Картол – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Картол" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" title="Solanum tuberosum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Solanum tuberosum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A9stomem%C3%A9s%C3%AAhest%C3%B4tse" title="Aéstomemésêhestôtse – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Aéstomemésêhestôtse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%95" title="پەتاتە – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەتاتە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" title="Solanum tuberosum – Corsicaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Solanum tuberosum" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsicaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qartop" title="Qartop – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qartop" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilek_brambor" title="Lilek brambor – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lilek brambor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Çĕрулми – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕрулми" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taten" title="Taten – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Taten" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartoffel" title="Kartoffel – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kartoffel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartoffel" title="Kartoffel – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kartoffel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulka" title="Kulka – Nedersorbisch" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kulka" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Πατάτα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πατάτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2mm_da_t%C3%A9r%C3%A0_(Solanum_tuberosum)" title="Pòmm da térà (Solanum tuberosum) – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pòmm da térà (Solanum tuberosum)" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato" title="Potato – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Potato" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpomo" title="Terpomo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Terpomo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" title="Solanum tuberosum – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Solanum tuberosum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harilik_kartul" title="Harilik kartul – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harilik kartul" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patata" title="Patata – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Patata" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سیب‌زمینی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیب‌زمینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudaku" title="Kudaku – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Kudaku" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruna" title="Peruna – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Peruna" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomme_de_terre" title="Pomme de terre – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pomme de terre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iartapel" title="Iartapel – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Iartapel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierdappel" title="Ierdappel – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ierdappel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A1ta" title="Práta – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Práta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%B1%86" title="土豆 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="土豆" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponm_d%C3%A9_t%C3%A8" title="Ponm dé tè – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ponm dé tè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunt%C3%A0ta_(lus)" title="Buntàta (lus) – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Buntàta (lus)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataca" title="Pataca – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pataca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvy%27a" title="Yvy'a – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvy'a" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%82" title="आळूं – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="आळूं" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artape" title="Artape – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Artape" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82" title="બટાકાં – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બટાકાં" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praase" title="Praase – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Praase" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dankalin_turawa" title="Dankalin turawa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Dankalin turawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%94" title="תפוח אדמה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תפוח אדמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82" title="आलू – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आलू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalu" title="Aalu – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Aalu" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krumpir" title="Krumpir – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krumpir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%9Brna" title="Běrna – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Běrna" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponmdet%C3%A8" title="Ponmdetè – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ponmdetè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgonya" title="Burgonya – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Burgonya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Կարտոֆիլ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարտոֆիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patata" title="Patata – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Patata" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentang" title="Kentang – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kentang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patatas" title="Patatas – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Patatas" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Коартол – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Коартол" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato" title="Potato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Potato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartafla" title="Kartafla – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kartafla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" title="Solanum tuberosum – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Solanum tuberosum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A2" title="ジャガイモ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャガイモ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitieta" title="Pitieta – Jamaicaans Creools" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Pitieta" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaicaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenthang" title="Kenthang – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kenthang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კარტოფილი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარტოფილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%9Bt%C9%9B%C9%9B_p%C9%94m" title="Tɛtɛɛ pɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɛtɛɛ pɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1da%CC%B1ngka%CC%B1li_A%CC%B1shong" title="A̱da̱ngka̱li A̱shong – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱da̱ngka̱li A̱shong" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikwa" title="Kikwa – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kikwa" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontang" title="Kontang – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kontang" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Картоп – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Картоп" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86" title="ಆಲೂಗಡ್ಡೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಲೂಗಡ್ಡೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EC%9E%90" title="감자 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="감자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Картов – Komi-Permjaaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Картов" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permjaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartol" title="Kartol – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kartol" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Картупель – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Картупель" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patatysen" title="Patatysen – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Patatysen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A9" title="Картөшкө – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Картөшкө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" title="Solanum tuberosum – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Solanum tuberosum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gromper" title="Gromper – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gromper" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patata" title="Patata – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Patata" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerpel" title="Aerpel – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aerpel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat%C3%A0tta" title="Patàtta – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Patàtta" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" title="Solanum tuberosum – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Solanum tuberosum" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valgomoji_bulv%C4%97" title="Valgomoji bulvė – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valgomoji bulvė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartupelis" title="Kartupelis – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kartupelis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenthang" title="Kenthang – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kenthang" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovy" title="Ovy – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ovy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantang" title="Kantang – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kantang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Компир – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Компир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ഉരുളക്കിഴങ്ങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉരുളക്കിഴങ്ങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Төмс – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төмс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0" title="အာလူ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="အာလူ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentang" title="Kentang – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kentang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8" title="အာလူး – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာလူး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Модамарь – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Модамарь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="بنسه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بنسه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlalcamohtli" title="Tlalcamohtli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlalcamohtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patana" title="Patana – Napolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Patana" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Napolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C3%BCffel" title="Kantüffel – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kantüffel" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerpel" title="Eerpel – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Eerpel" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="आलु खेती – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आलु खेती" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81" title="आलु – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आलु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potet" title="Potet – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Potet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potet" title="Potet – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Potet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" title="Solanum tuberosum – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Solanum tuberosum" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartohku" title="Kartohku – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kartohku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84" title="Картоф – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Картоф" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82" title="ਆਲੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਲੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patatas" title="Patatas – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Patatas" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tote" title="Pétote – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Pétote" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartoffel" title="Kartoffel – Paltsisch" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Kartoffel" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Paltsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziemniak" title="Ziemniak – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ziemniak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patata" title="Patata – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Patata" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88" title="آلو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آلو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88" title="کچالو – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کچالو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batata" title="Batata – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batata" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa" title="Papa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Papa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartof" title="Cartof – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cartof" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Кромпля – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Кромпля" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Картофель – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Картофель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бандурка – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Бандурка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="आलुकम् – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आलुकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B9" title="Хортуоппуй – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хортуоппуй" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A9" title="ᱟᱹᱞᱩ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱹᱞᱩ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patata" title="Patata – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Patata" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattie" title="Tattie – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tattie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%BD%D8%A7%D9%BD%D9%88" title="پٽاٽو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پٽاٽو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C4%91eita" title="Buđeita – Noord-Samisch" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Buđeita" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Samisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krumpir" title="Krumpir – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Krumpir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato" title="Potato – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Potato" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BDu%C4%BEok_zemiakov%C3%BD" title="Ľuľok zemiakový – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ľuľok zemiakový" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88" title="آلو – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آلو" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krompir" title="Krompir – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Krompir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patatja" title="Patatja – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Patatja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кромпир – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кромпир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentang" title="Kentang – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kentang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potatis" title="Potatis – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Potatis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiazi_cha_kizungu" title="Kiazi cha kizungu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiazi cha kizungu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartofel" title="Kartofel – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kartofel" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="உருளைக் கிழங்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருளைக் கிழங்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86" title="ಬಟಾಟೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಬಟಾಟೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA" title="బంగాళదుంప – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బంగాళదుంప" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Картошка – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Картошка" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="มันฝรั่ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มันฝรั่ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karto%C5%9Fka" title="Kartoşka – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kartoşka" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patatas" title="Patatas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Patatas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pateta" title="Pateta – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Pateta" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patates" title="Patates – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Patates" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Бәрәңге – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бәрәңге" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Картофель – Toevaans" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Картофель" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Toevaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%AD%DA%AF%DB%95" title="بەرەڭگە – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بەرەڭگە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Картопля – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Картопля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88" title="آلو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آلو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartoshka" title="Kartoshka – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kartoshka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartohk" title="Kartohk – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kartohk" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoai_t%C3%A2y" title="Khoai tây – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khoai tây" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petat" title="Petat – West-Vlaams" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Petat" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West-Vlaams" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patatas" title="Patatas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Patatas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E5%B1%B1%E8%8A%8B" title="洋山芋 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="洋山芋" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კარტოფილი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კარტოფილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%9C" title="קארטאפל – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קארטאפל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%CC%80d%C3%B9nk%C3%BAn" title="Ọ̀dùnkún – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ọ̀dùnkún" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%83%E8%96%AF" title="马铃薯 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马铃薯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1-l%C3%AAng-ch%C3%AE" title="Má-lêng-chî – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Má-lêng-chî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94" title="薯仔 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="薯仔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10998#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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Na het opnemen kan het artikel gewijzigd zijn, waardoor de tekst van de opname wellicht verouderd is.">Beluister</span> <span class="gesproken_wiki_player" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="80" style="width:80px;" data-durationhint="1110" data-mwtitle="Nl-Aardappel-article.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Nl-Aardappel-article.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Nl-Aardappel-article.ogg/Nl-Aardappel-article.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></span> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nl-Aardappel-article.ogg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Nl-Aardappel-article.ogg">info</a>)</div> </div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#cbe8c1; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><big>Aardappel</big> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Potatoes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aardappel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Potatoes.jpg/266px-Potatoes.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Potatoes.jpg/399px-Potatoes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Potatoes.jpg/532px-Potatoes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="423" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #cbe8c1; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomie_(biologie)" title="Taxonomie (biologie)">Taxonomische indeling</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie)">Rijk</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Planten" title="Planten"><i>Plantae</i></a> (Planten)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Stam_(biologie)" title="Stam (biologie)">Stam</a>:</td><td><i><a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a></i> (Landplanten)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Klasse_(biologie)" title="Klasse (biologie)">Klasse</a>:</td><td><i><a href="/wiki/Zaadplanten" title="Zaadplanten">Spermatopsida</a></i> (Zaadplanten)</td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">Clade</a></i>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Bedektzadigen" title="Bedektzadigen">Bedektzadigen</a></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">Clade</a></i>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/%27Nieuwe%27_tweezaadlobbigen" title="'Nieuwe' tweezaadlobbigen">'nieuwe' Tweezaadlobbigen</a></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">Clade</a></i>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Lamiiden" title="Lamiiden">Lamiiden</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Orde_(biologie)" title="Orde (biologie)">Orde</a>:</td><td><i><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie)">Familie</a>:</td><td><i><a href="/wiki/Nachtschadefamilie" title="Nachtschadefamilie">Solanaceae</a></i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Geslacht_(biologie)" title="Geslacht (biologie)">Geslacht</a>:</td><td><i><a href="/wiki/Nachtschade" title="Nachtschade">Solanum</a></i> (Nachtschade)</td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #cbe8c1; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Soort" title="Soort">Soort</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center"><i><b>Solanum tuberosum</b></i><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></small><small> (1753)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Solanum_tuberosum_flower,_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_bloem_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Solanum_tuberosum_flower%2C_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_bloem_%284%29.jpg/266px-Solanum_tuberosum_flower%2C_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_bloem_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Solanum_tuberosum_flower%2C_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_bloem_%284%29.jpg/399px-Solanum_tuberosum_flower%2C_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_bloem_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Solanum_tuberosum_flower%2C_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_bloem_%284%29.jpg/532px-Solanum_tuberosum_flower%2C_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_bloem_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2" style="font-size:85%">Bloeiend aardappelras Doré </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappel_bessen_Fresco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Aardappel_bessen_Fresco.jpg/266px-Aardappel_bessen_Fresco.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Aardappel_bessen_Fresco.jpg/399px-Aardappel_bessen_Fresco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Aardappel_bessen_Fresco.jpg/532px-Aardappel_bessen_Fresco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1054" data-file-height="563" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2" style="font-size:85%">Bessen van aardappel </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Solanum_tuberosum_seeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Solanum_tuberosum_seeds.jpg/266px-Solanum_tuberosum_seeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Solanum_tuberosum_seeds.jpg/399px-Solanum_tuberosum_seeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Solanum_tuberosum_seeds.jpg/532px-Solanum_tuberosum_seeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2" style="font-size:85%">Zaden </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Patates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Patates.jpg/266px-Patates.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Patates.jpg/399px-Patates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Patates.jpg/532px-Patates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2864" data-file-height="1861" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2" style="font-size:85%">Verschillende schilkleuren </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #cbe8c1; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;" colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><small><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Solanum_tuberosum" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Solanum tuberosum">Afbeeldingen</a> op</small> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><small><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Solanum tuberosum">Aardappel</a> op</small> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/15px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #cbe8c1; color:inherit;" colspan="2"> <table style="margin:0 auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Portaal  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Biologie" title="Portaal:Biologie">Biologie</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Museum_Erve_Kots_Aardappelsorteerder_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Museum_Erve_Kots_Aardappelsorteerder_%2801%29.jpg/260px-Museum_Erve_Kots_Aardappelsorteerder_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Museum_Erve_Kots_Aardappelsorteerder_%2801%29.jpg/390px-Museum_Erve_Kots_Aardappelsorteerder_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Museum_Erve_Kots_Aardappelsorteerder_%2801%29.jpg/520px-Museum_Erve_Kots_Aardappelsorteerder_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Aardappelsorteerder in het openluchtmuseum <a href="/wiki/Erve_Kots" title="Erve Kots">Erve Kots</a></figcaption></figure> <p>De <b>aardappel</b> (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) is een <a href="/wiki/Cultuurgewas" title="Cultuurgewas">cultuurgewas</a>, dat behoort tot de <a href="/wiki/Nachtschadefamilie" title="Nachtschadefamilie">nachtschadefamilie</a>, net als de <a href="/wiki/Tomaat" title="Tomaat">tomaat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Gewone_tabaksplant" title="Gewone tabaksplant">tabaksplant</a>. De aardappel is een plant die in ondergrondse <a href="/wiki/Stengel#Stengelknol" title="Stengel">knollen</a> een <a href="/wiki/Reservestof" title="Reservestof">energievoorraad</a> in de vorm van <a href="/wiki/Zetmeel" title="Zetmeel">zetmeel</a> aanlegt. Het zetmeel slaat de plant op in voor de mens eetbare stengelknollen, die net als de plant zelf aardappelen of aardappels worden genoemd. De aardappel is wereldwijd het belangrijkste voedselgewas na <a href="/wiki/Rijst" title="Rijst">rijst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarwe" title="Tarwe">tarwe</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%AFs" title="Maïs">maïs</a>. </p><p>De aardappel komt oorspronkelijk uit <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Amerika" title="Zuid-Amerika">Zuid-Amerika</a>, maar is in veel <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europese</a> landen sinds de 16e eeuw een van de <a href="/wiki/Basisvoedsel" title="Basisvoedsel">basisvoedingsmiddelen</a>. In vele landen, waaronder Nederland en België, wordt de aardappel gezien als maaltijddrager. Het is dus geen groente. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kenmerken">Kenmerken</h2></div> <p>Aardappelplanten kunnen naast knollen ook <a href="/wiki/Bes_(botanisch)" title="Bes (botanisch)">besvruchten</a> vormen, die in tegenstelling tot die van de tomaat zeer giftig zijn. In de bessen worden kleine zaden gevormd. Tussen de verschillende aardappelrassen zijn er grote verschillen in de vorming van bessen. </p><p>De knollen zijn eetbaar, maar kunnen ook giftig zijn door een hoog gehalte aan <a href="/wiki/Solanine" title="Solanine">solanine</a>. Daardoor zijn zetmeelaardappels van bepaalde <a href="/wiki/Ras_(plant)" title="Ras (plant)">rassen</a> niet geschikt voor menselijke consumptie. Ook als aardappelen tijdens het bewaren worden blootgesteld aan licht, stijgt het gehalte aan solanine. De knollen worden groen en zijn daarna niet meer geschikt voor menselijke <a href="/wiki/Consumptie" title="Consumptie">consumptie</a>. </p><p>De aardappelsoort die wereldwijd het meest geteeld wordt, is <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> (een <a href="/wiki/Tetraplo%C3%AFdie" title="Tetraploïdie">tetraploïde</a> soort met 48 <a href="/wiki/Chromosoom" title="Chromosoom">chromosomen</a>). De andere soorten worden vooral in Zuid-Amerika geteeld. Er zijn vier <a href="/wiki/Diplo%C3%AFdie" title="Diploïdie">diploïde</a> soorten (met 24 chromosomen): <i>S. stenotomum</i>, <i>S. phureja</i>, <i>S. goniocalyx</i> en <i>S. ajanhuiri</i>. Er zijn twee <a href="/wiki/Triplo%C3%AFdie" title="Triploïdie">triploïde</a> soorten (met 36 chromosomen): <i>S. chaucha</i> en <i>S. juzepczukii</i>. Er is ook nog een pentaploïde soort (met 60 chromosomen): <i>S. curtilobum</i>. </p><p>In de aardappel komen twee typen zetmeel voor, <a href="/wiki/Amylose" title="Amylose">amylose</a> en <a href="/wiki/Amylopectine" title="Amylopectine">amylopectine</a>, waarvan 21% amylose. In 2005 is voor het eerst een <a href="/wiki/Ras_(plant)" title="Ras (plant)">ras</a> in de handel gekomen dat bijna 100% <a href="/wiki/Amylopectine-aardappelzetmeel" title="Amylopectine-aardappelzetmeel">amylopectine</a> bevat. </p><p>Voor de toebereiding in de keuken worden aardappels onderverdeeld in vastkokers, droogkokers en afkokers. Na het koken blijven vastkokers stevig, droogkokers worden kruimelig (deze zijn hierdoor het meest geschikt om te <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pureren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pureren (de pagina bestaat niet)">pureren</a>) of bloemig en afkokers vallen bij langer koken helemaal uit elkaar. </p> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voedingswaarde">Voedingswaarde</h3></div> <p>Net als <a href="/wiki/Rijst" title="Rijst">rijst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasta_(deegwaar)" title="Pasta (deegwaar)">pasta</a> en <a href="/wiki/Brood" title="Brood">brood</a> is de aardappel een belangrijke bron van <a href="/wiki/Koolhydraat" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolhydraat">koolhydraten</a>. Aardappels bevatten ook <a href="/wiki/Vitamine_B6" title="Vitamine B6">vitamine B6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ascorbinezuur" title="Ascorbinezuur">vitamine C</a> en <a href="/wiki/Voedingsvezels" title="Voedingsvezels">vezels</a>. </p><p>Gemiddelde voedingswaarden van aardappels (zoals vermeld op de verpakking), bereid volgens de algemene bereidingswijze: </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="8"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <dl><dd><b>Voedingswaarde</b></dd> <dd>Energie</dd> <dd>Vetten</dd> <dd><small>- <i>waarvan verzadigde vetzuren</i></small></dd> <dd>Koolhydraten</dd> <dd><small>- <i>waarvan suikers</i></small></dd> <dd>Vezels</dd> <dd>Eiwitten</dd> <dd>Zout</dd></dl> </td> <td> <dl><dd><b>per 100 g</b></dd> <dd>kJ 362, kcal 86</dd> <dd>0,4 g</dd> <dd>0,1 g</dd> <dd>17,9 g</dd> <dd>0,4 g</dd> <dd>1,5 g</dd> <dd>1,7 g</dd> <dd>< 0,1 g</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bereiding_in_aardappelgerechten">Bereiding in aardappelgerechten</h2></div> <p>Voor consumptie worden aardappelen <a href="/wiki/Koken_(voedselverhitting)" title="Koken (voedselverhitting)">gekookt</a> of op een andere manier verhit, niet alleen in verband met de eetbaarheid, maar ook in verband met de aanwezigheid van het <a href="/wiki/Toxine" title="Toxine">toxine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Fasine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasine">fasine</a></i> dat door deze bereiding wordt omgezet in een onschadelijke stof. </p><p><i>Groen verkleuringen</i> aan de oppervlakte die door lichtinwerking ontstaan, dienen voor het koken verwijderd te worden omdat ze het <a href="/wiki/Neurotoxine" title="Neurotoxine">neurotoxine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Solanine" title="Solanine">solanine</a></i> bevatten. Ook <i>spruiten</i> en <i>pitten</i> worden om die reden verwijderd. </p><p>Aardappelen kunnen onder andere in de volgende gerechten verwerkt worden. </p> <table class="vatop"> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardappelchips" title="Aardappelchips">Aardappelchips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aardappelpannenkoekje" title="Aardappelpannenkoekje">Aardappelpannenkoekje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aardappelpuree" title="Aardappelpuree">Aardappelpuree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aardappelsalade" title="Aardappelsalade">Aardappelsalade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baeckeoffe" title="Baeckeoffe">Baeckeoffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauernfr%C3%BChst%C3%BCck" title="Bauernfrühstück">Bauernfrühstück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blote_billetjes_in_het_gras" title="Blote billetjes in het gras">Blote billetjes in het gras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodeun" title="Bodeun">Bodeun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryndzov%C3%A9_halu%C5%A1ky" title="Bryndzové halušky">Bryndzové halušky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friet" title="Friet">Friet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratin_dauphinois" title="Gratin dauphinois">Gratin dauphinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachis_parmentier" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachis parmentier">Hachis parmentier</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haringsalade_(salade)" title="Haringsalade (salade)">Haringsalade (salade)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hash_browns" title="Hash browns">Hash browns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasselbackaardappels" title="Hasselbackaardappels">Hasselbackaardappels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertoginnenaardappelen" title="Hertoginnenaardappelen">Hertoginnenaardappelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hete_bliksem" title="Hete bliksem">Hete bliksem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzarensalade" title="Huzarensalade">Huzarensalade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartoffelsuppe" title="Kartoffelsuppe">Kartoffelsuppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroppkaka" title="Kroppkaka">Kroppkaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumpir" title="Kumpir">Kumpir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papas_arrugadas" title="Papas arrugadas">Papas arrugadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprik%C3%A1s_krumpli" title="Paprikás krumpli">Paprikás krumpli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillekooken" title="Pillekooken">Pillekooken</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitepalt" title="Pitepalt">Pitepalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommes_dauphine" title="Pommes dauphine">Pommes dauphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommes_de_terre_%C3%A0_la_lyonnaise" title="Pommes de terre à la lyonnaise">Pommes de terre à la lyonnaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poutine" title="Poutine">Poutine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspatat" title="Raspatat">Raspatat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6sti" title="Rösti">Rösti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russische_salade" title="Russische salade">Russische salade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seuter" title="Seuter">Seuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaanse_tortilla" title="Spaanse tortilla">Spaanse tortilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stapelchips" title="Stapelchips">Stapelchips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppegras" title="Steppegras">Steppegras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartiflette" title="Tartiflette">Tartiflette</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herkomst_en_geschiedenis">Herkomst en geschiedenis</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Axomama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Axomama.jpg/260px-Axomama.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Axomama.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moche-aardewerk" title="Moche-aardewerk">Moche-aardewerk</a> met de aardappelgodin <a href="/wiki/Axomama" title="Axomama">Axomama</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Wilde knoldragende soorten van het geslacht <a href="/wiki/Nachtschade" title="Nachtschade">Solanum</a> (Nachtschade) groeien in uiteenlopende habitats van het zuidwesten van de <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a> (38° noorderbreedte) over Centraal-Amerika en de <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> tot in <a href="/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Argentinië">Argentinië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a> (41° zuiderbreedte). De knol is een gezwollen ondergrondse stam die geëvolueerd is tot een energiereservoir (bijna uitsluitend <a href="/wiki/Zetmeel" title="Zetmeel">zetmeel</a>) om de seizoenen te overbruggen. De <a href="/wiki/Taxonomie" title="Taxonomie">taxonomie</a> van die soorten is complex en is al verschillende keren het voorwerp geweest van een grote herziening.<sup id="cite_ref-bradshaw1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradshaw1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De oudste aanwijzing voor het menselijk gebruik van <i>wilde</i> aardappelen komt van een 12.500 jaar oude nederzetting (<a href="/wiki/Laat_Pleistoceen" title="Laat Pleistoceen">Laat Pleistoceen</a>) in het huidige zuid-centraal Chili. In het zuiden van de Amerikaanse staat <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> zijn zetmeelkorrels gevonden van tussen 10.900 en 10.100 jaar oud. Domesticatie vond plaats in de <a href="/wiki/Andesculturen" class="mw-redirect" title="Andesculturen">Andesculturen</a>, na de domesticatie van de <a href="/wiki/Lama_(dier)" title="Lama (dier)">lama</a> maar niet later dan sommige 7000 jaar oude archeologische sites in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. Het oorspronkelijke product van die domesticatie was een diploïde cultigengroep met de naam <i>Stenotonum,</i> waaruit later de groepen <i>Andigena</i> (tetraploïde), <i>Chaucha</i> (triploïde), <i>Phureja</i> (diploïde) en <i>Tuberosum</i> (tetraploïde, niet te verwarren met de soortnaam) ontstonden.<sup id="cite_ref-bradshaw1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradshaw1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De aardappel is vanuit Zuid-Amerika naar <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a> gebracht door Spaanse <a href="/wiki/Ontdekkingsreizigers" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontdekkingsreizigers">ontdekkingsreizigers</a>. Waarschijnlijk nam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diego_de_Amalya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diego de Amalya (de pagina bestaat niet)">Diego de Amalya</a> de eerste plant in <a href="/wiki/1536" title="1536">1536</a> mee uit <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a>, waar deze aardappel bekendstond als <i>chunu</i>. De <a href="/wiki/Inca%27s" title="Inca's">Inca's</a> verbouwden de plant toen al honderden jaren. De aardappelplant groeide ook op grote hoogten in de <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>, waar veel andere planten niet meer kunnen groeien. Op basis van <a href="/wiki/Desoxyribonucle%C3%AFnezuur" class="mw-redirect" title="Desoxyribonucleïnezuur">DNA</a>-onderzoek is aangetoond dat alle oude aardappels afstammen van één plant uit Zuid-<a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. Later zijn er voor het kruisingswerk nieuwe herkomsten verzameld en <a href="/wiki/Genenbank" title="Genenbank">genenbankcollecties</a> opgebouwd.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1537 tekende <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada</a> de oudste Europese waarneming van aardappelcultuur op bij de Incas in het huidige <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>. De oudste vermelding buiten Zuid-Amerika dateert van 1567 en betreft een transport van het eiland <a href="/wiki/Gran_Canaria" title="Gran Canaria">Gran Canaria</a> naar <a href="/wiki/Antwerpen_(stad)" title="Antwerpen (stad)">Antwerpen</a>. De eerste indicatie voor Europese consumptie dateert van zes jaar later in Spanje (Hospital de la Sangre, <a href="/wiki/Sevilla_(stad)" title="Sevilla (stad)">Sevilla</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-pag602_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pag602-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1588 stuurde <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Sivry" title="Philippe de Sivry">Philippe de Sivry</a> twee knollen en een bes naar de plantkundige <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Clusius" title="Carolus Clusius">Carolus Clusius</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wenen" title="Wenen">Wenen</a>, korte tijd later gevolgd door een <a href="/wiki/Aquarel" title="Aquarel">waterverfschilderij</a> van een aardappelplant. De oudste afbeelding in druk is van de Engelsman <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Gerard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Gerard (de pagina bestaat niet)">John Gerard</a> (<i>Herball,</i> 1597).<sup id="cite_ref-bradshaw1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradshaw1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aquarelle_de_Clusius_repr%C3%A9sentant_un_plant_de_Taratouffli_(1588).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Aquarelle_de_Clusius_repr%C3%A9sentant_un_plant_de_Taratouffli_%281588%29.jpg/260px-Aquarelle_de_Clusius_repr%C3%A9sentant_un_plant_de_Taratouffli_%281588%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="393" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Aquarelle_de_Clusius_repr%C3%A9sentant_un_plant_de_Taratouffli_%281588%29.jpg/390px-Aquarelle_de_Clusius_repr%C3%A9sentant_un_plant_de_Taratouffli_%281588%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Aquarelle_de_Clusius_repr%C3%A9sentant_un_plant_de_Taratouffli_%281588%29.jpg/520px-Aquarelle_de_Clusius_repr%C3%A9sentant_un_plant_de_Taratouffli_%281588%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="1118" /></a><figcaption>Aquarel van een zogenaamde <i>Taratoufli</i>-plant toegezonden aan Clusius door <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Sivry" title="Philippe de Sivry">Philippe de Sivry</a> (1588)</figcaption></figure> <p>Monniken waren verantwoordelijk voor de verspreiding van de aardappel vanuit <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a> naar de andere Europese landen. Zij pootten de plant in hun <a href="/wiki/Kloostertuin" title="Kloostertuin">kloostertuinen</a>. Ook in <a href="/wiki/Hortus_botanicus" title="Hortus botanicus">botanische tuinen</a> vond de aardappelplant zijn weg. De aardappel groeit in Nederland sinds de <a href="/wiki/Tachtigjarige_Oorlog" title="Tachtigjarige Oorlog">Tachtigjarige Oorlog</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Hortus_botanicus_Leiden" title="Hortus botanicus Leiden">Leidse Hortus</a>, sinds 1640 in <a href="/wiki/Groningen_(stad)" title="Groningen (stad)">Groningen</a> en sinds 1689 in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Clusius" title="Carolus Clusius">Carolus Clusius</a> plantte in 1588 in <a href="/wiki/Mechelen_(stad)" title="Mechelen (stad)">Mechelen</a> voor het eerst aardappelen in de <a href="/wiki/Kruidtuin_(Mechelen)" title="Kruidtuin (Mechelen)">tuin van Pitzemburg</a>. In 1601 schreef hij over de voortplanting van de aardappel door zaad. Men ontdekte dat uit zaad van een paarsbloeiende plant ook witbloeiende planten opgroeiden. Er zijn in Europa door selectie dus waarschijnlijk al vroeg verschillende rassen ontstaan. In Nederland kruiste <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Hondius" title="Petrus Hondius">Petrus Hondius</a> aardappelen met elkaar. Door <a href="/wiki/Virus_(biologie)" title="Virus (biologie)">virusinfecties</a> gingen de rassen echter snel achteruit en werd regelmatig teruggegrepen op zaad. </p><p>Buiten botanische tuinen verspreidde de aardappelteelt zich slechts langzaam en ongelijk. Er diende een wantrouwen te worden overwonnen dat op drie gronden stoelde.<sup id="cite_ref-pag602_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pag602-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De boeren stonden aanvankelijk weigerachtig tegenover een nachtschadeplant waarvan de stengels en bessen giftig zijn en ze dachten dat de knollen ook ongezond zouden zijn. Bovendien vond men dat het vlees geleek op dat van <a href="/wiki/Melaatsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Melaatsen">melaatsen</a> en dacht men dat het melaatsheid veroorzaakte. Ten slotte had men nog nooit een plant gezien die niet uit zaad maar uit knollen groeide en die rare ondergrondse nodules had. Lang werd de aardappel daarom voornamelijk gezien als varkensvoer of voedsel voor de allerarmsten. </p><p>De werkelijke cultivatie als voedselgewas begon in de laatste decennia van de 17e eeuw in <a href="/wiki/Ierland_(land)" title="Ierland (land)">Ierland</a>, in de <a href="/wiki/Spaanse_Nederlanden" title="Spaanse Nederlanden">Spaanse Nederlanden</a> en in de <a href="/wiki/Elzas" title="Elzas">Elzas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pag603_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pag603-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Binnen de Nederlanden verschenen de eerste aardappelvelden in de streek van <a href="/wiki/Ieper" title="Ieper">Ieper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diksmuide" title="Diksmuide">Diksmuide</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tielt" title="Tielt">Tielt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In de vroege 18e eeuw verspreidde de teelt zich naar Schotland, Engeland en Frankrijk, terwijl het in Scandinavië nog duurde tot het midden van die eeuw. Europese zeelieden verspreidden de aardappel naar de rest van de <a href="/wiki/Oude_Wereld" title="Oude Wereld">Oude Wereld</a>. </p><p>Vanwege het hoge gehalte aan <a href="/wiki/Ascorbinezuur" title="Ascorbinezuur">vitamine C</a> werd de knol ook gebruikt ter voorkoming van <a href="/wiki/Scheurbuik" title="Scheurbuik">scheurbuik</a> op lange zeereizen. Langzamerhand kreeg de aardappel toch steeds meer de rol van volksvoedsel en in de 18e eeuw werd hij in de meeste Europese landen verbouwd. Tegen het eind van die eeuw was de aardappel ook een belangrijk veldgewas in Frankrijk, Oostenrijk en Rusland. De teelt zorgde voor een toename van de landbouwproductiviteit. Waar de calorierijke aardappel een <a href="/wiki/Basisvoedsel" title="Basisvoedsel">basisgewas</a> werd, stegen de bevolkingsdichtheid, verstedelijking en lichaamslengte.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Omdat de introductie van aardappelen de voedseldruk verminderde, lijkt dit ook gepaard te zijn gegaan met minder oorlogen.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Geert_Veenhuizen" title="Geert Veenhuizen">Geert Veenhuizen</a> (onder andere <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eigenheimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eigenheimer (de pagina bestaat niet)">Eigenheimer</a></i> en <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rode_Ster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rode Ster (de pagina bestaat niet)">Rode Ster</a></i>) en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kornelis_Lieuwes_de_Vries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kornelis Lieuwes de Vries (de pagina bestaat niet)">Kornelis Lieuwes de Vries</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Bintje" title="Bintje">Bintje</a></i>) waren Nederlanders die zich in de 19e en 20e eeuw bezighielden met de teelt en ontwikkeling van de aardappel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genoomsamenstelling">Genoomsamenstelling</h2></div> <p>Het Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium, een team van 29 onderzoeksgroepen uit 14 landen, begon in januari 2006 met <a href="/wiki/DNA-sequencing" title="DNA-sequencing">DNA-sequencing</a>. Op 10 juli 2011 is het <a href="/wiki/Genoom" title="Genoom">genoom</a> van de aardappel gepubliceerd in <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a>. De 1n = 12 <a href="/wiki/Chromosoom" title="Chromosoom">chromosomen</a> bevatten meer dan 39.000 <a href="/wiki/Genetische_code" title="Genetische code">eiwitcoderende</a> <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">genen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PotatoGenomeNet_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PotatoGenomeNet-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McIvor2011_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McIvor2011-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het haploïde aantal van 12 chromosomen kan microscopisch worden geteld aan de hand van de <a href="/wiki/Homologe_chromosomen" title="Homologe chromosomen">homologe chromosomen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er zijn duizenden gekweekte <a href="/wiki/Ras_(plant)" title="Ras (plant)">rassen</a>; De meeste van hen zijn niet langer <a href="/wiki/Diplo%C3%AFde" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploïde">diploïde</a> (2n = 24), maar hebben een <a href="/wiki/Autoplo%C3%AFdie" title="Autoploïdie">autotetraploïde</a> set chromosomen door middel van selectie bij de veredeling, namelijk 2n = 4x = 48.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kennis van de DNA-sequentie moet veredelaars in staat stellen de opbrengst, kwaliteit, voedingswaarde en ziekteresistentie te verbeteren. Ook de tijd voor het verkrijgen van nieuwe rassen (momenteel 10-12 jaar) moet worden verkort. De belangrijkste ontdekking betreft meer dan 800 ziekteresistentiegenen, die elk het potentieel hebben om belangrijke ziekten zoals <a href="/wiki/Aardappelmoeheid" title="Aardappelmoeheid">aardappelmoeheid</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Aardappelziekte" title="Aardappelziekte">aardappelziekte</a> te bestrijden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economisch_belang">Economisch belang</h2></div> <p>Hoewel de aardappel historisch vooral populair was in Europa en Amerika, is hij aan een opmars bezig in Azië en Afrika. De aardappelteelt is relatief arbeidsintensief maar levert meer voedingswaarde per oppervlakte- en arbeidseenheid dan de belangrijkste graansoorten zoals tarwe, rijst en maïs; dat maakt hem uitermate geschikt voor ontwikkelingslanden met een beperkt areaal en met veel beschikbare arbeidskracht.<sup id="cite_ref-singh_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singh-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grootste_producenten">Grootste producenten</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Topproducenten van aardappels 2018<sup id="cite_ref-fao_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Land </th> <th>Productie (<a href="/wiki/Ton_(massa)" title="Ton (massa)">ton</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van China"><img alt="Vlag van China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">China</a></td> <td align="right">90.259.155 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van India"><img alt="Vlag van India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td align="right">48.529.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Oekraïne"><img alt="Vlag van Oekraïne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a></td> <td align="right">22.503.970 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rusland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusland (hoofdbetekenis)">Rusland</a></td> <td align="right">22.394.960 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van de Verenigde Staten"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Staten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde Staten (hoofdbetekenis)">Verenigde Staten</a></td> <td align="right">20.607.342 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bangladesh"><img alt="Vlag van Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td> <td align="right">9.744.412 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duitsland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duitsland (hoofdbetekenis)">Duitsland</a></td> <td align="right">8.920.800 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankrijk (hoofdbetekenis)">Frankrijk</a></td> <td align="right">7.870.973 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Polen"><img alt="Vlag van Polen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Polen_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polen (hoofdbetekenis)">Polen</a></td> <td align="right">7.478.184 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Nederland"><img alt="Vlag van Nederland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nederland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederland (hoofdbetekenis)">Nederland</a></td> <td align="right">6.029.734 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Wit-Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Wit-Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wit-Rusland" title="Wit-Rusland">Wit-Rusland</a></td> <td align="right">5.865.123 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Canada_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Canada"><img alt="Vlag van Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td align="right">5.790.838 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Iran"><img alt="Vlag van Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td align="right">5.321.188 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Peru.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Peru"><img alt="Vlag van Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/20px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/30px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/40px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Peru_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peru (hoofdbetekenis)">Peru</a></td> <td align="right">5.121.110 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Productie_en_areaal_in_Europa">Productie en areaal in Europa</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Productie, areaal en opbrengst in de EU en in de wereld, 2019<sup id="cite_ref-fao_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Regio </th> <th>Productie (<a href="/wiki/Ton_(massa)" title="Ton (massa)">ton</a>) </th> <th>Areaal (<a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">ha</a>) </th> <th>Opbrengst (t/ha) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Oostenrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Oostenrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijk</a></td> <td align="right">751.260</td> <td align="right">23.970</td> <td align="right">31,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van België"><img alt="Vlag van België" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="België (hoofdbetekenis)">België</a></td> <td align="right">4.027.620</td> <td align="right">98.190</td> <td align="right">41,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bulgarije"><img alt="Vlag van Bulgarije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije">Bulgarije</a></td> <td align="right">197.410</td> <td align="right">9.290</td> <td align="right">21,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Kroatië"><img alt="Vlag van Kroatië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kroati%C3%AB" title="Kroatië">Kroatië</a></td> <td align="right">173.150</td> <td align="right">9.390</td> <td align="right">18,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Cyprus"><img alt="Vlag van Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></td> <td align="right">82.100</td> <td align="right">3.880</td> <td align="right">21,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Tsjechië"><img alt="Vlag van Tsjechië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Tsjechië">Tsjechië</a></td> <td align="right">622.600</td> <td align="right">22.890</td> <td align="right">27,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Denemarken"><img alt="Vlag van Denemarken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Denemarken_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Denemarken (hoofdbetekenis)">Denemarken</a></td> <td align="right">2.408.700</td> <td align="right">56.700</td> <td align="right">42,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Estland"><img alt="Vlag van Estland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a></td> <td align="right">80.130</td> <td align="right">3.400</td> <td align="right">23,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Finland"><img alt="Vlag van Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td align="right">618.900</td> <td align="right">21.400</td> <td align="right">28,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankrijk (hoofdbetekenis)">Frankrijk</a></td> <td align="right">8.560.410</td> <td align="right">207.160</td> <td align="right">41,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duitsland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duitsland (hoofdbetekenis)">Duitsland</a></td> <td align="right">10.602.200</td> <td align="right">271.600</td> <td align="right">39,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Griekenland"><img alt="Vlag van Griekenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Griekenland" title="Griekenland">Griekenland</a></td> <td align="right">470.210</td> <td align="right">15.950</td> <td align="right">29,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Hongarije"><img alt="Vlag van Hongarije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hongarije" title="Hongarije">Hongarije</a></td> <td align="right">343.540</td> <td align="right">13.290</td> <td align="right">25,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Ierland"><img alt="Vlag van Ierland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ierland_(land)" title="Ierland (land)">Ierland</a></td> <td align="right">382.370</td> <td align="right">8.670</td> <td align="right">44,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italië (hoofdbetekenis)">Italië</a></td> <td align="right">1.338.430</td> <td align="right">46.810</td> <td align="right">28,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Letland"><img alt="Vlag van Letland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a></td> <td align="right">223.700</td> <td align="right">10.000</td> <td align="right">22,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Litouwen"><img alt="Vlag van Litouwen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen">Litouwen</a></td> <td align="right">329.780</td> <td align="right">18.220</td> <td align="right">18,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Luxemburg"><img alt="Vlag van Luxemburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_(land)" title="Luxemburg (land)">Luxemburg</a></td> <td align="right">15.330</td> <td align="right">600</td> <td align="right">25,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Malta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Malta"><img alt="Vlag van Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/40px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta_(land)" title="Malta (land)">Malta</a></td> <td align="right">8990</td> <td align="right">690</td> <td align="right">13,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Nederland"><img alt="Vlag van Nederland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nederland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederland (hoofdbetekenis)">Nederland</a></td> <td align="right">6.961.230</td> <td align="right">165.730</td> <td align="right">42,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Polen"><img alt="Vlag van Polen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Polen_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polen (hoofdbetekenis)">Polen</a></td> <td align="right">6.481.620</td> <td align="right">302.480</td> <td align="right">21,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Portugal"><img alt="Vlag van Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td align="right">490.720</td> <td align="right">21.650</td> <td align="right">22,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Roemenië"><img alt="Vlag van Roemenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a></td> <td align="right">2.626.790</td> <td align="right">174.120</td> <td align="right">15,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Slowakije"><img alt="Vlag van Slowakije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Slowakije" title="Slowakije">Slowakije</a></td> <td align="right">182.420</td> <td align="right">8.190</td> <td align="right">22,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Slovenia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Slovenië"><img alt="Vlag van Slovenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sloveni%C3%AB" title="Slovenië">Slovenië</a></td> <td align="right">65.960</td> <td align="right">2.800</td> <td align="right">23,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Spanje"><img alt="Vlag van Spanje" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a></td> <td align="right">2.259.320</td> <td align="right">66.650</td> <td align="right">33,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Zweden"><img alt="Vlag van Zweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zweden" title="Zweden">Zweden</a></td> <td align="right">846.900</td> <td align="right">23.650</td> <td align="right">35,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Europa"><img alt="Vlag van Europa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a> (27)</td> <td align="right">51.151.790</td> <td align="right">1.607.370</td> <td align="right">31,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>wereld</td> <td align="right">370.436.581</td> <td align="right">17.340.986</td> <td align="right">21,4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relatie_met_hongersnood">Relatie met hongersnood</h3></div> <p>Hoewel de invoering van massale aardappelteelt in veel Europese landen de stabiliteit van de voedselvoorziening ten goede kwam, hebben mislukte aardappeloogsten ook zelf hongersnoden veroorzaakt. Het meest dramatische voorbeeld was de <a href="/wiki/Internationale_Aardappelcrisis" title="Internationale Aardappelcrisis">Internationale Aardappelcrisis</a> van het midden van de jaren 1840, toen de <a href="/wiki/Ierse_hongersnood_(1845-1850)" title="Ierse hongersnood (1845-1850)">hongersnood</a> ten gevolge van de <a href="/wiki/Aardappelziekte" title="Aardappelziekte">aardappelziekte</a> een miljoen <a href="/wiki/Ieren" title="Ieren">Ieren</a> het leven kostte, en ook op het Europese vasteland circa 100.000 slachtoffers eiste - het merendeel in <a href="/wiki/Vlaanderen" title="Vlaanderen">Vlaanderen</a> en in <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Pruisen" title="Koninkrijk Pruisen">Pruisen</a>. </p><p>Vlaanderen was al vanaf 1836 sterk verarmd door de ineenstorting van de <a href="/wiki/Vlas_(gewas)" title="Vlas (gewas)">vlasprijs</a> na een nieuw handelsverdrag. Veel boeren hadden in de lange, strenge winter van 1844-1845 een groot deel van hun <a href="/wiki/Koolzaad" title="Koolzaad">koolzaad</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Tarwe" title="Tarwe">tarweoogst</a> verloren; om het verlies te compenseren waren ze op intensievere aardappelteelt overgegaan. Eind juli werd in <a href="/wiki/Oost-Vlaanderen" title="Oost-Vlaanderen">Oost</a>- en <a href="/wiki/West-Vlaanderen" title="West-Vlaanderen">West-Vlaanderen</a> ruim 90% van de oogst vernield door de aardappelziekte. Naast rechtstreekse hongerdoden kwamen veel mensen om in de daaropvolgende <a href="/wiki/Tyfus" title="Tyfus">tyfusepidemie</a> van 1847-1848 en de <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">choleraepidemie</a> van 1848-1849.<sup id="cite_ref-isacker_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isacker-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teelt">Teelt</h2></div> <p>In Nederland en België is er een grote teelt van </p> <ul><li>consumptieaardappelen</li> <li>processing aardappelen (<a href="/wiki/Fabrieksaardappel" title="Fabrieksaardappel">fabrieksaardappel</a>)</li> <li>zetmeelaardappelen (<a href="/wiki/Fabrieksaardappel" title="Fabrieksaardappel">fabrieksaardappel</a>)</li> <li>pootaardappelen.</li></ul> <p>De belangrijkste teeltgebieden van consumptie-aardappels in Nederland zijn <a href="/wiki/Flevoland" title="Flevoland">Flevoland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeeland_(provincie)" title="Zeeland (provincie)">Zeeland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Noord-Brabant" title="Noord-Brabant">Noord-Brabant</a>. In de <a href="/wiki/Veenkolonie" title="Veenkolonie">veenkoloniën</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Drenthe" title="Drenthe">Drenthe</a> en <a href="/wiki/Groningen_(provincie)" title="Groningen (provincie)">Groningen</a>) worden veel <a href="/wiki/Fabrieksaardappel" title="Fabrieksaardappel">fabrieksaardappels</a> voor de <a href="/wiki/Aardappelmeel" class="mw-redirect" title="Aardappelmeel">zetmeelwinning</a> geteeld. In het noorden, vanwege minder luizen, pootaardappels. In <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a> ligt de productie vooral in <a href="/wiki/West-Vlaanderen" title="West-Vlaanderen">West-Vlaanderen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Henegouwen" title="Henegouwen">Henegouwen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-apa_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apa-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De meest geteelde aardappel heeft 4n=48 <a href="/wiki/Chromosoom" title="Chromosoom">chromosomen</a> en is een <a href="/wiki/Tetraplo%C3%AFdie" title="Tetraploïdie">tetraploïde</a> plant, waarvan alle chromosomen van één plantensoort afkomstig zijn (<a href="/wiki/Autoplo%C3%AFdie" title="Autoploïdie">autoploïde</a>). </p><p>Aardappels worden bijna altijd gekweekt van één enkele <a href="/wiki/Klonen_(biologie)" title="Klonen (biologie)">kloon</a> met zo goed mogelijke <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">genen</a>. Alle 'bintjes' bijvoorbeeld zijn van één kloon afkomstig. Begin eenentwintigste eeuw is er een nieuwe manier van aardappelveredeling ontwikkeld waarbij er van <a href="/wiki/Diplo%C3%AFdie" title="Diploïdie">diploïde</a> planten uit zaad, door middel van zelfbestuiving in enkele generaties <a href="/wiki/Homozygoot" title="Homozygoot">homozygote</a> ouderlijnen worden gemaakt. Deze ouderlijnen worden gebruikt om <a href="/wiki/Hybride_(biologie)" title="Hybride (biologie)">hybride</a> aardappelzaad te produceren.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Op_de_akker">Op de akker</h3></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 295px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 290px; height: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Kartoffellegemaschine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aardappelpootmachine"><img alt="Aardappelpootmachine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Kartoffellegemaschine.jpg/260px-Kartoffellegemaschine.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Kartoffellegemaschine.jpg/390px-Kartoffellegemaschine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Kartoffellegemaschine.jpg/520px-Kartoffellegemaschine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aardappelpootmachine</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 295px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 290px; height: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappelaanaarde_4-rijig_(voorkant).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aardappelaanaarder"><img alt="Aardappelaanaarder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Aardappelaanaarde_4-rijig_%28voorkant%29.jpg/260px-Aardappelaanaarde_4-rijig_%28voorkant%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Aardappelaanaarde_4-rijig_%28voorkant%29.jpg/390px-Aardappelaanaarde_4-rijig_%28voorkant%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Aardappelaanaarde_4-rijig_%28voorkant%29.jpg/520px-Aardappelaanaarde_4-rijig_%28voorkant%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2215" data-file-height="1320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aardappelaanaarder</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 295px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 290px; height: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Kartoffelanbau_acker.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aardappelruggen"><img alt="Aardappelruggen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kartoffelanbau_acker.jpg/260px-Kartoffelanbau_acker.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kartoffelanbau_acker.jpg/390px-Kartoffelanbau_acker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kartoffelanbau_acker.jpg/520px-Kartoffelanbau_acker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aardappelruggen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 295px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 290px; height: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Potato_harvester_20041012_2605.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aardappelrooimachine"><img alt="Aardappelrooimachine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Potato_harvester_20041012_2605.jpg/161px-Potato_harvester_20041012_2605.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Potato_harvester_20041012_2605.jpg/242px-Potato_harvester_20041012_2605.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Potato_harvester_20041012_2605.jpg/322px-Potato_harvester_20041012_2605.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Aardappelrooimachine" title="Aardappelrooimachine">Aardappelrooimachine</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>Nadat de grond door <a href="/wiki/Grondbewerking" title="Grondbewerking">grondbewerking</a> gereed is gemaakt, worden de pootaardappelen in de grond gestopt. Voor een normale teelt worden in april de pootaardappelen gepoot en met een klein beetje grond bedekt. Dat kan door middel van een <a href="/wiki/Aardappelpootmachine" title="Aardappelpootmachine">aardappelpootmachine</a>. De aardappelen worden op (grond)ruggen geteeld. In de loop van het groeiseizoen worden die enkele keren aangeaard met behulp van een <a href="/wiki/Aardappelaanaarder" title="Aardappelaanaarder">aardappelaanaarder</a>. Hierbij wordt aan twee kanten een laagje aarde van de zijkant van de groeiplek over de wortels van de plant geschoven. De wortels blijven zo goed bedekt met grond en in de rug kunnen de knollen zich ontwikkelen zonder groen te worden. </p><p>Voordat de knollen gerooid worden, wordt het gewas loofgeklapt en/of doodgespoten. Door deze loofdoding vormen de knollen een steviger schil, waardoor ze bij het rooien minder beschadigd worden. De knollen worden met een <a href="/wiki/Rooimachine" title="Rooimachine">rooimachine</a> uit de grond gehaald. Afhankelijk van het ras wordt er vroeg, middelvroeg of laat geoogst. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Periodes_in_het_jaar">Periodes in het jaar</h3></div> <p>De teelt van aardappelen duurt in totaal altijd ca. 5 maanden en kan op verschillende momenten in de winter en het voorjaar beginnen. De volgende vier hoofdperiodes worden onderscheiden:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Vroeg: februari - juni</li> <li>Halfvroeg: maart - juli</li> <li>Halflaat: april - september</li> <li>Laat: mei - oktober</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ziektebestrijding">Ziektebestrijding</h3></div> <p>Tijdens het seizoen wordt, afhankelijk van het weer, door de meeste telers elke 7 tot 10 dagen met een <a href="/wiki/Chemisch_bestrijdingsmiddel" title="Chemisch bestrijdingsmiddel">chemische bestrijdingsmiddelen</a> gespoten tegen de <a href="/wiki/Aardappelziekte" title="Aardappelziekte">aardappelziekte</a> (fytoftora, <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>). De noodzaak van chemische bestrijding is te beperken door zo veel mogelijk <a href="/wiki/Resistentie_bij_planten" title="Resistentie bij planten">ziekte-resistente</a> rassen te kiezen. Met behulp van <a href="/wiki/Plantenveredeling" title="Plantenveredeling">plantenveredeling</a>, bijvoorbeeld door middel van <a href="/wiki/Genetische_technologie" title="Genetische technologie">genetische modificatie</a>, wordt getracht om meer resistente rassen te ontwikkelen, maar dit proces verloopt moeizaam. </p><p>Bij de teelt van aardappelrassen zoals <a href="/wiki/Bintje" title="Bintje">Bintje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bildtstar" title="Bildtstar">Bildtstar</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eigenheimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eigenheimer (de pagina bestaat niet)">Eigenheimer</a> wordt relatief veel bestrijdingsmiddel gebruikt. Aardappelen uit de gangbare teelt waarbij minder bestrijdingsmiddelen worden gebruikt, zijn onder meer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corine_(aardappel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corine (aardappel) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Corine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dor%C3%A9_(aardappel)" title="Doré (aardappel)">Doré</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Escort_(aardappel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escort (aardappel) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Escort</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpha_(aardappel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpha (aardappel) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Alpha</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_Gogh_(aardappel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van Gogh (aardappel) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Van Gogh</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sant%C3%A9" title="Santé">Santé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biologische_teelt">Biologische teelt</h3></div> <p>In de <a href="/wiki/Biologische_landbouw" title="Biologische landbouw">biologische aardappelteelt</a> wordt bijna niet gespoten met chemische bestrijdingsmiddelen. Het groeiseizoen is direct voorbij zodra het perceel op grotere schaal is besmet met <a href="/wiki/Phytophthora" title="Phytophthora">phytophthora</a>. Kleine besmettingen kunnen nog worden ingedamd door de planten plaatselijk dood te branden. Voorafgaand aan de oogst worden op het gehele perceel de planten doodgebrand. Bij vroegtijdige besmetting daalt de oogstopbrengst bij de biologische teelt aanzienlijk en er treden van jaar tot jaar ook grote verschillen op. Onder strikte voorwaarden is een bladbespuiting met <a href="/wiki/Koper(II)sulfaat" title="Koper(II)sulfaat">kopersulfaat</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koperoxychloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koperoxychloride (de pagina bestaat niet)">koperoxychloride</a> tegen phytophthora toegestaan, maar dit wordt tot een minimum beperkt. Doordat biologische producten veelal rechtstreeks aan de consument worden verkocht, is de teelt ervan vaak toch lonend. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bewaren">Bewaren</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 295px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 290px; height: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappel_groene_knollen_(Solanum_tuberosum).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Groene knollen bevatten het gif solanine"><img alt="Groene knollen bevatten het gif solanine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Aardappel_groene_knollen_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg/193px-Aardappel_groene_knollen_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Aardappel_groene_knollen_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg/290px-Aardappel_groene_knollen_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Aardappel_groene_knollen_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg/386px-Aardappel_groene_knollen_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1381" data-file-height="1537" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Groene knollen bevatten het gif <a href="/wiki/Solanine" title="Solanine">solanine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 295px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 290px; height: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Kartoffen-wachsen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spruitende aardappels"><img alt="Spruitende aardappels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kartoffen-wachsen.jpg/260px-Kartoffen-wachsen.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kartoffen-wachsen.jpg/390px-Kartoffen-wachsen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kartoffen-wachsen.jpg/520px-Kartoffen-wachsen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spruitende aardappels</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 295px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 290px; height: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Solanum_tuberosum_stootblauw_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stootblauw bij het ras Parel"><img alt="Stootblauw bij het ras Parel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Solanum_tuberosum_stootblauw_%281%29.jpg/167px-Solanum_tuberosum_stootblauw_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Solanum_tuberosum_stootblauw_%281%29.jpg/252px-Solanum_tuberosum_stootblauw_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Solanum_tuberosum_stootblauw_%281%29.jpg/335px-Solanum_tuberosum_stootblauw_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1881" data-file-height="2414" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stootblauw bij het ras Parel</div> </li> </ul> <p>Traditioneel werden aardappelen als wintervoorraad in een bult (kuil) opgeslagen op het land. De aardappels werden met riet of stro en aarde afgedekt. Ook aardappelkelders waren in gebruik. Later kwamen er speciale aardappelschuren met klimaatcontrole. De aardappelvoorraad wordt donker bewaard, omdat de knollen anders groen worden. Tijdens de bewaring wordt na een bepaalde periode, afhankelijk van het ras, de kiemrust verbroken en gaat de aardappel uitlopen. In het donker ontstaan dan lange witte scheuten. Het uitlopen is tegen te gaan door de scheuten regelmatig te verwijderen. De knollen worden voor opslag vaak met kiemremmers behandeld. Vroeger werd massaal <a href="/wiki/Chloorprofam" title="Chloorprofam">chloorprofam (CIPC)</a> gebruikt, dat sinds 2020 verboden is. Een natuurlijke kiemremmer is <a href="/wiki/Carvon" title="Carvon">carvon (muntolie)</a>. </p><p>Een probleem bij aardappelen is 'stootblauw', het ontstaat doordat de knol tijdens of na het rooien beschadigd wordt door onder andere een te grote valhoogte, drukplekken, gooien of stoten. Bij een lage temperatuur neemt de gevoeligheid voor stootblauw toe. Onder de schil ontstaan blauwe plekken, die veel schilverlies geven. De blauwe plekken ontstaan doordat in kapotte cellen het aminozuur <a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">tyrosine</a> en <a href="/wiki/Fenol" title="Fenol">fenolen</a> worden omgezet in het bruingrijze of blauwzwarte <a href="/wiki/Melanine" title="Melanine">melanine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ziekten_en_plagen">Ziekten en plagen</h2></div> <p>Aardappels zijn vatbaar voor diverse <a href="/wiki/Plantenziekte" title="Plantenziekte">ziekten</a> en <a href="/wiki/Plaaginsect" title="Plaaginsect">plagen</a>. Dat zijn bijvoorbeeld: </p> <table class="wikitable vatop sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>categorie</th> <th>ziekte, veroorzaker</th> <th>afbeelding </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Schimmels" title="Schimmels">schimmels</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Alternaria" title="Alternaria">Alternaria</a></i></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Fusarium" title="Fusarium">Fusarium</a></i> (droogrot)</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappel_Phytophthora_Fresco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Aardappel_Phytophthora_Fresco.jpg/150px-Aardappel_Phytophthora_Fresco.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Aardappel_Phytophthora_Fresco.jpg/225px-Aardappel_Phytophthora_Fresco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Aardappel_Phytophthora_Fresco.jpg/300px-Aardappel_Phytophthora_Fresco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />Door fusarium aangetaste knollen (ras Fresco) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhizoctonia-ziekte" title="Rhizoctonia-ziekte">lakschurft</a> (<i>Rhizoctonia</i> sp.)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netschurft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netschurft (de pagina bestaat niet)">netschurft</a> (<i>Streptomyces</i> spp.)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilverschurft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zilverschurft (de pagina bestaat niet)">zilverschurft</a> (<i>Helminthosporium solani</i>)</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Solanum_tuberosum_Helminthosporium_solani_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Solanum_tuberosum_Helminthosporium_solani_%2802%29.jpg/150px-Solanum_tuberosum_Helminthosporium_solani_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Solanum_tuberosum_Helminthosporium_solani_%2802%29.jpg/225px-Solanum_tuberosum_Helminthosporium_solani_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Solanum_tuberosum_Helminthosporium_solani_%2802%29.jpg/300px-Solanum_tuberosum_Helminthosporium_solani_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />Zilverschurft </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Verwelkingsziekte" title="Verwelkingsziekte">verwelkingsziekte</a> <dl><dd><i>Verticillium albo-atrum</i></dd> <dd><i>Verticillium dahliae</i></dd></dl> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wratziekte" class="mw-redirect" title="Wratziekte">wratziekte</a></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg/150px-Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg/225px-Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg/300px-Synchytridium_endobioticum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />Wratziekte </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/O%C3%B6myceet" class="mw-redirect" title="Oömyceet">oömyceet</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aardappelziekte" title="Aardappelziekte">aardappelziekte</a> (fytoftora)</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappel_Parel_Phytophthora.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Aardappel_Parel_Phytophthora.jpg/150px-Aardappel_Parel_Phytophthora.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Aardappel_Parel_Phytophthora.jpg/225px-Aardappel_Parel_Phytophthora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Aardappel_Parel_Phytophthora.jpg/300px-Aardappel_Parel_Phytophthora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><i>Phytophtora infestans</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bacteri%C3%ABn" title="Bacteriën">bacteriën</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stengelnatrot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stengelnatrot (de pagina bestaat niet)">stengelnatrot</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Erwinia_carotovora_subsp._carotovora" title="Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora"><i>Erwinia carotovora</i> subsp. <i>carotovora</i></a></dd> <dd><i>Erwinia chrysanthemi</i></dd></dl> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zwartbenigheid" title="Zwartbenigheid">zwartbenigheid</a> <br /> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Erwinia_carotovora_subsp._atroseptica" class="mw-redirect" title="Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica"><i>Erwinia carotovora</i> subsp. <i>atroseptica</i></a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bruinrot_(aardappelziekte)" title="Bruinrot (aardappelziekte)">bruinrot</a> <br />(<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Insecten" title="Insecten">insecten</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bladluizen" title="Bladluizen">bladluis</a></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aphidoidea_puceron_Luc_Viatour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Aphidoidea_puceron_Luc_Viatour.jpg/150px-Aphidoidea_puceron_Luc_Viatour.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Aphidoidea_puceron_Luc_Viatour.jpg/225px-Aphidoidea_puceron_Luc_Viatour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Aphidoidea_puceron_Luc_Viatour.jpg/300px-Aphidoidea_puceron_Luc_Viatour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2232" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />Bladluizen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coloradokever" title="Coloradokever">coloradokever</a></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg/150px-Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg/225px-Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg/300px-Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="1811" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />coloradokever<br /><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Potato_beetle_larvae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Potato_beetle_larvae.jpg/150px-Potato_beetle_larvae.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Potato_beetle_larvae.jpg/225px-Potato_beetle_larvae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Potato_beetle_larvae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="241" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />Larven van coloradokever </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Rondwormen" title="Rondwormen">nematoden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aardappelmoeheid" title="Aardappelmoeheid">aardappelmoeheid</a> (aardappelcystenaaltje) <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Globodera_rostochiensis" title="Globodera rostochiensis">Globodera rostochiensis</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Globodera_pallida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globodera pallida (de pagina bestaat niet)">Globodera pallida</a></i></dd></dl> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:PotatoNematodeCysts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/PotatoNematodeCysts.jpg/150px-PotatoNematodeCysts.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/PotatoNematodeCysts.jpg/225px-PotatoNematodeCysts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/PotatoNematodeCysts.jpg/300px-PotatoNematodeCysts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><i>Globodera rostochiensis</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wortelknobbelaaltjes" title="Wortelknobbelaaltjes">wortelknobbelaaltjes</a> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Meloidogyne_hapla" class="mw-redirect" title="Meloidogyne hapla">Meloidogyne hapla</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloidogyne_chitwoodii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meloidogyne chitwoodii (de pagina bestaat niet)">Meloidogyne chitwoodii</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Meloidogyne_fallax" class="mw-redirect" title="Meloidogyne fallax">Meloidogyne fallax</a></i></dd></dl> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Virus_(biologie)" title="Virus (biologie)">virussen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Viro%C3%AFde" title="Viroïde">viroïden</a></td> <td>bladrolvirus</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>aardappel X-virus</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>aardappel Y-virus</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>aardappel S-virus</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aardappelspindelknolviro%C3%AFde" title="Aardappelspindelknolviroïde">aardappelspindelknolviroïde</a> (PSTVd)</td> <td> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Dor%C3%A9_virusziek_(Solanum_tuberosum_with_virus).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viruszieke plant van 'Doré'"><img alt="Viruszieke plant van 'Doré'" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dor%C3%A9_virusziek_%28Solanum_tuberosum_with_virus%29.jpg/220px-Dor%C3%A9_virusziek_%28Solanum_tuberosum_with_virus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dor%C3%A9_virusziek_%28Solanum_tuberosum_with_virus%29.jpg/330px-Dor%C3%A9_virusziek_%28Solanum_tuberosum_with_virus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dor%C3%A9_virusziek_%28Solanum_tuberosum_with_virus%29.jpg/440px-Dor%C3%A9_virusziek_%28Solanum_tuberosum_with_virus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Viruszieke plant van <a href="/wiki/Dor%C3%A9_(aardappel)" title="Doré (aardappel)">'Doré'</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappel_virusaantasting_(Solanum_tuberosum_virus).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viruszieke plant van 'Parel'"><img alt="Viruszieke plant van 'Parel'" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Aardappel_virusaantasting_%28Solanum_tuberosum_virus%29.jpg/220px-Aardappel_virusaantasting_%28Solanum_tuberosum_virus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Aardappel_virusaantasting_%28Solanum_tuberosum_virus%29.jpg/330px-Aardappel_virusaantasting_%28Solanum_tuberosum_virus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Aardappel_virusaantasting_%28Solanum_tuberosum_virus%29.jpg/440px-Aardappel_virusaantasting_%28Solanum_tuberosum_virus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Viruszieke plant van 'Parel'</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Solanum_tuberosum_virus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viruszieke plant van 'Parel'"><img alt="Viruszieke plant van 'Parel'" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Solanum_tuberosum_virus.jpg/220px-Solanum_tuberosum_virus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Solanum_tuberosum_virus.jpg/330px-Solanum_tuberosum_virus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Solanum_tuberosum_virus.jpg/440px-Solanum_tuberosum_virus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Viruszieke plant van 'Parel'</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rassen">Rassen</h2></div> <p>Er zijn wereldwijd ongeveer 4000 aardappelrassen.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hieronder volgt een lijst van aardappelen, die in België of Nederland worden geteeld. Er zijn ongeveer 200 rassen die in België en Nederland worden geteeld, de lijst is dus niet compleet. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68724794">.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ul,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst sup{line-height:0.8714285em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst sup{line-height:0.9em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-2 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst sup{line-height:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst figure{break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{clear:both}}</style><div class="kolommen-lijst" style="column-width:19em; column-count:2; max-width:39em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bildtstar" title="Bildtstar">Bildtstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintje" title="Bintje">Bintje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_(aardappel)" title="Charlotte (aardappel)">Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9rie_(aardappel)" title="Chérie (aardappel)">Chérie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collina" title="Collina">Collina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornes_de_G%C3%A2tes" title="Cornes de Gâtes">Cornes de Gâtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_(aardappel)" title="Désirée (aardappel)">Désirée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dor%C3%A9_(aardappel)" title="Doré (aardappel)">Doré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eersteling_(aardappel)" title="Eersteling (aardappel)">Eersteling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresco_(aardappel)" title="Fresco (aardappel)">Fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Beauvais" title="Institut de Beauvais">Institut de Beauvais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_(aardappel)" title="Junior (aardappel)">Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastelli" title="Kastelli">Kastelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_(aardappel)" title="Malta (aardappel)">Malta</a>, verschillende rassen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_(aardappel)" title="Nicola (aardappel)">Nicola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opperdoezer_Ronde" title="Opperdoezer Ronde">Opperdoezer Ronde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parel_(aardappel)" title="Parel (aardappel)">Parel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratte_(aardappel)" title="Ratte (aardappel)">Ratte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reine_des_Sables" title="Reine des Sables">Reine des Sables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remarka" title="Remarka">Remarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitelotte_noire" title="Vitelotte noire">Vitelotte noire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zina_Red" title="Zina Red">Zina Red</a></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Vittelotte_noir.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vitelotte noire"><img alt="Vitelotte noire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vittelotte_noir.jpg/120px-Vittelotte_noir.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vittelotte_noir.jpg/180px-Vittelotte_noir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vittelotte_noir.jpg/240px-Vittelotte_noir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vitelotte_noire" title="Vitelotte noire">Vitelotte noire</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:La_Ratte.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ratte"><img alt="Ratte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/La_Ratte.jpg/120px-La_Ratte.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/La_Ratte.jpg/180px-La_Ratte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/La_Ratte.jpg/240px-La_Ratte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ratte</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappel_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_(Solanum_tuberosum_%27Dor%C3%A9%27).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Doré"><img alt="Doré" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Aardappel_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_%28Solanum_tuberosum_%27Dor%C3%A9%27%29.jpg/120px-Aardappel_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_%28Solanum_tuberosum_%27Dor%C3%A9%27%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Aardappel_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_%28Solanum_tuberosum_%27Dor%C3%A9%27%29.jpg/180px-Aardappel_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_%28Solanum_tuberosum_%27Dor%C3%A9%27%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Aardappel_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_%28Solanum_tuberosum_%27Dor%C3%A9%27%29.jpg/240px-Aardappel_%27Dor%C3%A9%27_%28Solanum_tuberosum_%27Dor%C3%A9%27%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1801" data-file-height="1571" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Doré</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappelknollen_Fresco_(Solanum_tuberosum_%27Fresco%27).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fresco"><img alt="Fresco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Aardappelknollen_Fresco_%28Solanum_tuberosum_%27Fresco%27%29.jpg/120px-Aardappelknollen_Fresco_%28Solanum_tuberosum_%27Fresco%27%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Aardappelknollen_Fresco_%28Solanum_tuberosum_%27Fresco%27%29.jpg/180px-Aardappelknollen_Fresco_%28Solanum_tuberosum_%27Fresco%27%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Aardappelknollen_Fresco_%28Solanum_tuberosum_%27Fresco%27%29.jpg/240px-Aardappelknollen_Fresco_%28Solanum_tuberosum_%27Fresco%27%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="710" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fresco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappel_Remarka_(Solanum_tuberosum).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Remarka"><img alt="Remarka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Aardappel_Remarka_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg/120px-Aardappel_Remarka_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Aardappel_Remarka_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg/180px-Aardappel_Remarka_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Aardappel_Remarka_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg/240px-Aardappel_Remarka_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1655" data-file-height="1610" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Remarka</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappel_Nicola_(Solanum_tuberosum).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nicola"><img alt="Nicola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aardappel_Nicola_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg/116px-Aardappel_Nicola_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aardappel_Nicola_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg/174px-Aardappel_Nicola_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aardappel_Nicola_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg/233px-Aardappel_Nicola_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="1610" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nicola</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappel_%27Parel%27_(Solanum_tuberosum).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parel"><img alt="Parel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aardappel_%27Parel%27_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg/111px-Aardappel_%27Parel%27_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aardappel_%27Parel%27_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg/167px-Aardappel_%27Parel%27_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aardappel_%27Parel%27_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg/222px-Aardappel_%27Parel%27_%28Solanum_tuberosum%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1571" data-file-height="1696" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Parel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappel_bloem_Parel_Solanum_tuberosum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bloeiende Parel"><img alt="Bloeiende Parel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Aardappel_bloem_Parel_Solanum_tuberosum.jpg/96px-Aardappel_bloem_Parel_Solanum_tuberosum.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Aardappel_bloem_Parel_Solanum_tuberosum.jpg/145px-Aardappel_bloem_Parel_Solanum_tuberosum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Aardappel_bloem_Parel_Solanum_tuberosum.jpg/193px-Aardappel_bloem_Parel_Solanum_tuberosum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1153" data-file-height="1435" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bloeiende Parel</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwerking">Verwerking</h2></div> <p>De verwerkingsindustrie is relatief recent<sup id="cite_ref-apa_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apa-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en verscheen in <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a> vanaf de jaren-60. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aardappelverwerkingsbedrijf-522941.ogv/260px--Aardappelverwerkingsbedrijf-522941.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="260" height="195" data-durationhint="100" data-mwtitle="Aardappelverwerkingsbedrijf-522941.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappelverwerkingsbedrijf-522941.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Aardappelverwerkingsbedrijf-522941.ogv/Aardappelverwerkingsbedrijf-522941.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="384" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Aardappelverwerkingsbedrijf-522941.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="384" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Aardappelverwerkingsbedrijf-522941.ogv/Aardappelverwerkingsbedrijf-522941.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Aardappelverwerkingsbedrijf-522941.ogv/Aardappelverwerkingsbedrijf-522941.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Aardappelverwerking in <a href="/wiki/Polygoonjournaal" title="Polygoonjournaal">Polygoonjournaal</a> 1971</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consumptie-aardappels_(45%)"><span id="Consumptie-aardappels_.2845.25.29"></span>Consumptie-aardappels (45%)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Gebakkenaardappels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gebakkenaardappels.jpg/260px-Gebakkenaardappels.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Gebakkenaardappels.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>Gebakken aardappels</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardappelchips" title="Aardappelchips">Aardappelchips</a>: zeer dunne plakjes van 1mm dikte.</li> <li>Cocotteaardappel: tonvormig gedraaid met een lengte van ongeveer 3 cm.</li> <li>Kasteelaardappel: tonvormig gedraaid met een lengte van ongeveer 5 cm.</li> <li>Aardappel in strovorm: zeer dunne reepjes van 2.5mm dik en 6 à 7mm lang.</li> <li>Aardappelbrunoise: kubusjes van 1 cm.</li> <li>Aardappelnootjes: bolletjes gevormd met een noisettelepel met een diameter van 1.5 cm.</li> <li>Parisienne: bolletjes gevormd met een noisettelepel met een diameter van 1.5 cm.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aardappelsalade" title="Aardappelsalade">Aardappelsalade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friet" title="Friet">Friet</a></li> <li>Lucifer: lange reepjes van 6 à 7 cm lang en met een dikte van 5mm.</li> <li>Mignonette: balkjes van 6 à 7 cm lang en 6 à 8mm breed.</li> <li>Pont-neuf: balkjes van 6 à 7 cm lang en een dikte van 2 cm.</li> <li>wafel: met behulp van een mandoline in wafelvorm gesneden.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6sti" title="Rösti">Rösti</a></li> <li>Vers (tafelaardappels)</li> <li>Kleine aardappels worden <a href="/wiki/Krielaardappel" title="Krielaardappel">krielaardappels</a> genoemd.</li></ul> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zetmeelaardappels_(31%)"><span id="Zetmeelaardappels_.2831.25.29"></span>Zetmeelaardappels (31%)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Potato_Starch.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Potato_Starch.JPG/260px-Potato_Starch.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Potato_Starch.JPG/390px-Potato_Starch.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Potato_Starch.JPG/520px-Potato_Starch.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Aardappelmeel</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardappelpuree" title="Aardappelpuree">Aardappelpuree</a></li> <li>Grondstof voor de <a href="/wiki/Aardappelzetmeel" title="Aardappelzetmeel">Aardappelmeelindustrie</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pootaardappels_(24%)"><span id="Pootaardappels_.2824.25.29"></span>Pootaardappels (24%)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aardappel_Dor%C3%A9_poters_(Solanum_tuberosum_seed_potatoes).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aardappel_Dor%C3%A9_poters_%28Solanum_tuberosum_seed_potatoes%29.jpg/260px-Aardappel_Dor%C3%A9_poters_%28Solanum_tuberosum_seed_potatoes%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aardappel_Dor%C3%A9_poters_%28Solanum_tuberosum_seed_potatoes%29.jpg/390px-Aardappel_Dor%C3%A9_poters_%28Solanum_tuberosum_seed_potatoes%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aardappel_Dor%C3%A9_poters_%28Solanum_tuberosum_seed_potatoes%29.jpg/520px-Aardappel_Dor%C3%A9_poters_%28Solanum_tuberosum_seed_potatoes%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1478" data-file-height="1501" /></a><figcaption>Doré pootaardappelen</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Verkoop in binnen- en buitenland als nieuw pootgoed</li></ul> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anekdotes_en_wetenswaardigheden">Anekdotes en wetenswaardigheden</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Friedrich_II_Tomb_P7140136.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Friedrich_II_Tomb_P7140136.JPG/260px-Friedrich_II_Tomb_P7140136.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Friedrich_II_Tomb_P7140136.JPG/390px-Friedrich_II_Tomb_P7140136.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Friedrich_II_Tomb_P7140136.JPG/520px-Friedrich_II_Tomb_P7140136.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Graf van Frederik de Grote, met aardappels</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In juni 2008 is een hoogoplopend conflict tussen <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a> en <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> gemeld over de vraag in welk van deze twee landen de ware oorsprong van de aardappel ligt.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Het verhaal gaat dat toen de aardappel aan het Franse hof geïntroduceerd werd, de koks de aardappels wegwierpen op de afvalhoop en juist het giftigste deel van de plant, de bessen, voor de koning en zijn gasten bereidden. Uiteraard beviel dit niet erg en de aardappels werden door de tuinman op de afvalhoop verbrand. Deze man was slechts een arme arbeider met veel kinderen. Toen hij de afvalhoop opruimde zag hij de geroosterde knollen en opende er een. Hij proefde ervan en concludeerde dat het prima eten voor zijn kinderen was.<sup class="noprint nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding#Bron_gevraagd" title="Wikipedia:Bronvermelding"><span title="Voor deze uitspraak is sinds 22 februari 2023 een bronvermelding gewenst.">[bron?]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederik_II_van_Pruisen" title="Frederik II van Pruisen">Frederik de Grote</a> voerde met het <i>Kartoffelbefehl</i> de aardappel in <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Pruisen" title="Koninkrijk Pruisen">Pruisen</a> in om <a href="/wiki/Hongersnood" title="Hongersnood">hongersnoden</a> te voorkomen. Nog steeds worden er uit erkentelijkheid aardappels op zijn graf gelegd.</li> <li>Om de aardappeloogst uit de grond te halen (handmatig) werd vroeger het hele gezin ingeschakeld. Tijdens de oogst bleven vele kinderen dan ook weg van de schoolbanken. Dit bewoog de Belgische overheid ertoe om de <a href="/wiki/Herfstvakantie" title="Herfstvakantie">herfstvakantie</a> in te voeren.<sup class="noprint nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding#Bron_gevraagd" title="Wikipedia:Bronvermelding"><span title="Voor deze uitspraak is sinds 22 februari 2023 een bronvermelding gewenst.">[bron?]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In de tweede helft van de 18e eeuw aten mensen in sommige delen van de wereld gemiddeld een kilo aardappelen per dag. Tegenwoordig is dat ongeveer 100 gram per dag.</li> <li>De zwaarste aardappel ooit woog 11 kg.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>De hoogste aardappelplanten ooit waren 2,5 meter hoog; dit kwam voor bij een poging tot kruising tussen Agria's en Bintjes.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De meeste aardappelplanten kunnen zo lang worden als ze gemolken worden.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Het aardappelras <a href="/wiki/Bintje" title="Bintje">Bintje</a> is aan zijn naam gekomen doordat in het jaar 1905 bovenmeester Klaas de Vries samen met zijn leerlingen bezig was met het kweken van aardappelrassen. De mooiste aardappelsoort noemde hij naar zijn ijverigste leerling, Bintje Jansma.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardappelschilmesje" title="Aardappelschilmesje">Aardappelschilmesje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunschiller" title="Dunschiller">Dunschiller</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFBradshaw2021"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Bradshaw, John E.</span> (2021). <cite><i>Potato Breeding: Theory and Practice</i></cite>. Springer Nature, Cham. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-3-030-64413-0" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-3-030-64413-0">ISBN 978-3-030-64413-0</a></span>.</span></li> <li>Eddie Niesten and Ovide Standaert, <i>Patatfooi. De gouden geschiedenis van een bescheiden knol</i>, 2001 (= <i>CAG Cahiers</i>, nr. 1)</li> <li>Willem H. Oliemans, <i>Het brood van de armen. De geschiedenis van de aardappel temidden van ketters, kloosterlingen en kerkvorsten</i>, 1988, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789012058414" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789012058414">ISBN 9789012058414</a></span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFRaigond2020"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Raigond, Pinky</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Singh, Brajesh; Dutt, Som en Chakrabarti, Swarup Kumar (reds.)</span> (2020). <cite><i>Potato: Nutrition and Food Security</i></cite>. Springer Nature, Singapore. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-981-15-7661-4" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-981-15-7661-4">ISBN 978-981-15-7661-4</a></span>.</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> John Reader, <i>Propitious Esculent. The Potato in World History</i>, 2008, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0434013188" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0434013188">ISBN 0434013188</a></span></li> <li>Jos Verniest e.a., <i>De aardappel in België, het land van de friet</i>, 2015, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789491669033" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789491669033">ISBN 9789491669033</a></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> Larry Zuckerman, <i>Potato. How the Humble Spud Rescued the Western World</i>, 1999, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780865475786" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780865475786">ISBN 9780865475786</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r63829521">.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten{padding:0;font-size:90%;clear:both;margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein{padding-bottom:5px;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-kop{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-lijst{display:inline;margin-left:0;padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-kop,.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten li,.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein li{display:inline-block;margin:0.4em 0.6em;white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.4em;width:12.5em}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein li{width:17.5em;max-height:20px}.mw-parser-output .zuster-logo{display:inline-block;text-align:center;width:34px}.mw-parser-output .zuster-tekst{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein .zuster-op{display:inline}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten li,.mw-parser-output .zusterprojecten-klein li{max-height:initial;line-height:inherit}}</style> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-klein zusterprojecten-klein infobox noprint"> <div class="zusterprojecten-kop"><b>Op andere <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia</a>-projecten</b></div><br /> <ul class="zusterprojecten-lijst"> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" class="extiw" title="c:Solanum tuberosum">Mediabestanden</a></div><li><div class="zuster-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="zuster-tekst"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" class="extiw" title="c:Solanum tuberosum"><i><b>Media</b></i></a><div class="zuster-op"> op Commons</div></div></li><div class="interProject wikispecies mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" class="extiw" title="species:Solanum tuberosum">Wikispecies</a></div><li><div class="zuster-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/31px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/41px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="zuster-tekst"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" class="extiw" title="species:Solanum tuberosum"><i><b>Classificatie</b></i></a><div class="zuster-op"> op Wikispecies</div></div></li><div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/aardappel" class="extiw" title="wikt:aardappel">WikiWoordenboek</a></div><li><div class="zuster-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/23px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/46px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="zuster-tekst"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/aardappel" class="extiw" title="wikt:aardappel"><i><b>Definitie</b></i></a><div class="zuster-op"> op WikiWoordenboek</div></div></li><div class="interProject wikibooks mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Leer_jezelf_ecologisch_tuinieren/Aardappel" class="extiw" title="b:Leer jezelf ecologisch tuinieren/Aardappel">Wikibooks</a></div><li><div class="zuster-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/21px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/42px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></div> <div class="zuster-tekst"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Leer_jezelf_ecologisch_tuinieren/Aardappel" class="extiw" title="b:Leer jezelf ecologisch tuinieren/Aardappel"><i><b>Ecologisch tuinieren</b></i></a><div class="zuster-op"> op Wikibooks</div></div></li><li><div class="zuster-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/21px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/42px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></div> <div class="zuster-tekst"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Kookboek/Aardappel" class="extiw" title="b:Kookboek/Aardappel"><i><b>Kookboek</b></i></a><div class="zuster-op"> op Wikibooks</div></div></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170105025307/http://www.hetvirtueleland.be/cag/exhibits/show/aardappel/succesverhaal">Geschiedenis van de aardappel in België</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/plant_propagation_material/plant_variety_catalogues_databases/search/public/index.cfm?event=SearchForm&ctl_type=A">EU Plant variety database - Agricultural species</a>, aardappel is "A - 109"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.wur.nl/biola/bestanden/1738624.pdf">Biologische aardappelteelt</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409031618/https://www.soortenbank.nl/soorten.php?soortengroep=flora_nl_v2&id=1674&menuentry=soorten">Aardappel (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>)</a> op SoortenBank.nl (gearchiveerd) <small>(gebaseerd op de <i><a href="/wiki/Heukels%27_Flora_van_Nederland" title="Heukels' Flora van Nederland">Heukels</a></i><sup>23</sup>, dit is de voorlaatste uitgave)</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070819085608/http://www.boerderij.nl/Akkerbouw/Aardappelen.htm">Boerderij.nl - Thema aardappelen</a> (gearchiveerd)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aardappelpagina.nl/nl">aardappelpagina (NIVAP)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trade/agr/standard/potatoes/ListOfDiseasesAndPests.htm">Aardappelziekten met afbeeldingen</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bradshaw1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-bradshaw1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bradshaw1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bradshaw1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2021_3–51"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">John E. Bradshaw</span> (2021). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64414-7_1">Domestication to Twenty-First-Century Potato Cultivars</a></i></cite>. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 3–51. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-3-030-64414-7" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-3-030-64414-7">ISBN 978-3-030-64414-7</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wageningenur.nl/en/Expertise-Services/Statutory-research-tasks/Centre-for-Genetic-Resources-the-Netherlands-1/Centre-for-Genetic-Resources-the-Netherlands-1/Expertise-areas/Plant-Genetic-Resources/CGN-crop-collections/Potato.htm">Genenbank aardappelcollectie</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160428015855/http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/Expertise-Services/Statutory-research-tasks/Centre-for-Genetic-Resources-the-Netherlands-1/Centre-for-Genetic-Resources-the-Netherlands-1/Expertise-areas/Plant-Genetic-Resources/CGN-crop-collections/Potato.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op 28 april 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pag602-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-pag602_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pag602_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nathan Nunn en Nancy Qian, "The Potato's Contribution to Population and Urbanization: Evidence From A Historical Experiment" in: <i>The Quarterly Journal of Economics</i>, 2011, nr. 2, p. 602. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fqje%2Fqjr009">10.1093/qje/qjr009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pag603-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pag603_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nathan Nunn en Nancy Qian, "The Potato's Contribution to Population and Urbanization: Evidence From A Historical Experiment" in: <i>The Quarterly Journal of Economics</i>, 2011, nr. 2, p. 603. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fqje%2Fqjr009">10.1093/qje/qjr009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christian Vandenbroeke, "La culture de la pomme de terre en Belgique (XVIIe-XIXe siècles)" in: <i>Plantes et cultures nouvelles en Europe occidentale, au Moyen Âge et à l’époque moderne</i>, ed. Marie-Pierre Ruas e.a., 1992, p. 115-129.<a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4000%2Fbooks.pumi.23047">10.4000/books.pumi.23047</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> Nathan Nunn en Nancy Qian, "The Potato's Contribution to Population and Urbanization: Evidence from a Historical Experiment", in: <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics</i>, 2011, nr. 2, p. 593-650. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fqje%2Fqjr009">10.1093/qje/qjr009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Murat Iyigun, Nathan Nunn en Nancy Qian, "The Long-Run Effects of Agricultural Productivity on Conflict, 1400-1900", Global Poverty Research Lab Working Paper No. 17-114, 20 november 2017. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.3127089">10.2139/ssrn.3127089</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PotatoGenomeNet-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PotatoGenomeNet_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10158"><i>Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato</i></a> bei nature.com, Nature volume 475, pages 189–195 (14 July 2011), geraadpleegd op 20 mei 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McIvor2011-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-McIvor2011_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chloe McIvor: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/news/2011/110710/full/news.2011.407.html#B1"><i>All eyes on the potato genome.</i> In: <i>Nature</i>, 10. Juli 2011.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Xiaomin Tang, Jan M de Boer, Herman J van Eck, Christian Bachem, Richard G F Visser, Hans de Jong: <i>Assignment of genetic linkage maps to diploid Solanum tuberosum pachytene chromosomes by BAC-FISH technology.</i> In: <i>Chromosome Res</i> 17, 7, 2009: 899–915. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776164">2776164</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruth Freire, Marius Weisweiler, Ricardo Guerreiro, Nadia Baig, Bruno Hüttel, Evelyn Obeng-Hinneh, Juliane Renner, Stefanie Hartje, Katja Muders, Bernd Truberg, Arne Rosen, Vanessa Prigge, Julien Bruckmüller, Jens Lübeck, Benjamin Stich: <i>Chromosome-scale reference genome assembly of a diploid potato clone derived from an elite variety.</i> In: <i>G3 (Bethesda)</i> 11, 12, 2021. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8664475">8664475</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singh-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-singh_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2020_1–12"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Brajesh Singh, Pinky Raigond, Som Dutt, Manoj Kumar</span> (2020). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7662-1_1">Potatoes for Food and Nutritional Security</a></i></cite>. Springer, Singapore, 1–12. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-981-15-7662-1" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-981-15-7662-1">ISBN 978-981-15-7662-1</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fao-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-fao_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fao_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/">Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114074500/https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 14 november 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isacker-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-isacker_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFvan_Isacker1978_67-69"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">van Isacker, Karel</span> (1978). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/isac002mijn01_01/isac002mijn01_01_0004.php">Mijn land in de kering 1830-1980</a></i></cite>. De Nederlandsche Boekhandel, Kapellen, "Deel 1: Een ouderwetse wereld 1830-1914", pp. 67-69. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90_263_0445_5" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90 263 0445 5">ISBN 90 263 0445 5</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805175241/https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/isac002mijn01_01/isac002mijn01_01_0004.php">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-08-05">5 augustus 2021</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-10-05">5 oktober 2021</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apa-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-apa_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apa_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apache.be/2021/02/16/de-agro-industrie-achter-je-pakje-friet/">De agro-industrie achter je pakje friet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apache.be" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache.be">Apache.be</a>, 16 februari 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225020226/https://www.apache.be/2021/02/16/de-agro-industrie-achter-je-pakje-friet/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 25 februari 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Lindhout, P. et al. Towards F1 Hybrid Seed Potato Breeding. Potato Research (2011) 54:301–312. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11540-011-9196-z">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11540-011-9196-z</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210526023750/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11540-011-9196-z">Gearchiveerd</a> op 26 mei 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bosatlas van het voedsel</i>, Noordhoff Uitgevers, 1e druk, 2014, p. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801115604/http://www.milieuloket.nl/9292000/modulesf/vfz6gbxu9004">Milieuloket</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nederlands Instituut voor Afzetbevordering van Pootaardappelen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210004706/http://www.nivaa.nl/nl/over_aardappelen/rassencatalogus">Rassencatalogus</a>. gearchiveerd</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Marjon_van_Royen" title="Marjon van Royen">Marjon van Royen</a> in het VPRO-radioprogramma <i><a href="/wiki/OVT" title="OVT">OVT</a></i>, 15 juni 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/world/americas/01iht-spud.1.13363275.html">Peru and Chile fight over potato's origin</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 1 juni 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709203731/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/world/americas/01iht-spud.1.13363275.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op 9 juli 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_biggest_potato_ever_recorded_in_the_world#ixzz1hMUlugMS">What was the biggest potato ever recorded in the world?</a>, <i>Answers</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707010016/http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_biggest_potato_ever_recorded_in_the_world">Gearchiveerd</a> op 7 juli 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3683126/Worlds-heaviest-potato-grown-by-farmer-in-Lebanon.html">World's heaviest potato grown by farmer in Lebanon</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>, 8 december 2008 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210223172012/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3683126/Worlds-heaviest-potato-grown-by-farmer-in-Lebanon.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op 23 februari 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121215222243/http://www.annabee.net/aardappel/weetjes.html">aardappelweetjes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Melken wil hier zeggen dat de jonge knolletjes steeds van de plant verwijderd worden. Dit wordt gedaan bij de plantenveredeling om planten die normaal niet willen bloeien in bloei te krijgen en zo ze met elkaar te kunnen kruisen.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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crispum"><i>S. crispum</i></a> · <a href="/wiki/Bitterzoet_(plant)" title="Bitterzoet (plant)"><i>S. dulcamara</i></a> (Bitterzoet) · <a href="/wiki/Klimmende_nachtschade" title="Klimmende nachtschade"><i>S. jasminoides</i></a> (Klimmende nachtschade) · <a href="/wiki/Solanum_lycocarpum" title="Solanum lycocarpum"><i>S. lycocarpum</i></a> · <a href="/wiki/Tomaat" title="Tomaat"><i>S. lycopersicum</i></a> (Tomaat) · <a href="/wiki/Antruwa" title="Antruwa"><i>S. macrocarpon</i></a> (Antruwa) · <a href="/wiki/Aubergine_(plant)" title="Aubergine (plant)"><i>S. melongena</i></a> (Aubergine) · <a href="/wiki/Pepino_(vrucht)" title="Pepino (vrucht)"><i>S. muricatum</i></a> (Pepino) · <a href="/wiki/Zwarte_nachtschade" title="Zwarte nachtschade"><i>S. nigrum</i></a> (Zwarte nachtschade) · <a href="/wiki/Beklierde_nachtschade" title="Beklierde nachtschade"><i>S. nigrum</i> subsp. <i>schultesii</i></a> (Beklierde nachtschade) · <a href="/wiki/Glansbesnachtschade" title="Glansbesnachtschade"><i>S. physalifolium</i></a> (Glansbesnachtschade) · <a href="/wiki/Lulo" title="Lulo"><i>S. quitoense</i></a> (Lulo) · <a href="/wiki/Sodomsappel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodomsappel"><i>S. sodomaeum</i></a> (Sodomsappel) · <a href="/wiki/Orinoco-appel" title="Orinoco-appel"><i>S. sessiliflorum</i></a> (Orinoco-appel) · <a href="/wiki/Driebloemige_nachtschade" title="Driebloemige nachtschade"><i>S. triflorum</i></a> (Driebloemige nachtschade) · <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>S. tuberosum</i></a> (Aardappel) · <a href="/wiki/Kannibaaltomaat" title="Kannibaaltomaat"><i>S. uporo</i></a> (Kannibaaltomaat) · <a href="/wiki/Donsnachtschade" title="Donsnachtschade"><i>S. villosum</i></a> (Donsnachtschade) · <a href="/wiki/Costa_Ricaanse_nachtschade" title="Costa Ricaanse nachtschade"><i>S. wendlandii</i></a> (Costa Ricaanse nachtschade) · ... </p> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68824150">.mw-parser-output .gesproken_wiki_player 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