CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '915106e2cea5f938',cH: 'PJF7.9kGbJ2z8PtOXqgd86V0HymBce1spc8lNaS6Fx8-1740081039-1.2.1.1-NG2R0CNsG7GHLSZWY0baA9qLYrhQa6UfqwdO3xKQ__9eWub_QA_dzoxTKox2O6ra',cUPMDTk: "\/10009014\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=1wdLdxGLbYgRE4DBBTYMvbEqdVJ_FqM9Ic5.oLJF.L8-1740081039-1.0.1.1-aemVJQSkvBoEmiXvrWJWPRb8tKyQC56RgaQEnObQjRQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740081039',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/10009014\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=1wdLdxGLbYgRE4DBBTYMvbEqdVJ_FqM9Ic5.oLJF.L8-1740081039-1.0.1.1-aemVJQSkvBoEmiXvrWJWPRb8tKyQC56RgaQEnObQjRQ",md: "1YOxIyk6ccicXjQ2HIOY1mqOPH33VgwZD11eb6jPx4s-1740081039-1.2.1.1-8WjeMhfMNXRlbwJPPDp_jNmXkQK2qukPjuW1mukGx6NniGU3dl04GzgWYvbZPzvt72jkzyNinCJGkhWeCtratidWgpPEiRmceZLFhphj8WwOumrnP6y83UDpQ44LHcLqIBiwf8KL2cAjQHkMplGfX6cuwDqBlyhfBwK9ZyVKAeqSVdTr05tONw.h9hCLrSioG_WNtI3AMY2yQIUidQ3Zb9L4kkKFPuFfnNvTxnSch4JG8esprjBoy.Xqvjsf8mmR8e1g6LXNkWaYfaR5UnH5vM6hHWcUdRgTq0AATigo0yTWNglULiUKD6ifn.jhi90yxNpHHo3M0oHfKU_d7iBBEBrjeSMMNIH6l1b4i_XqoseS4iXTtn_zlWxoOshu3dmjzxZaJg_2R_YrduuQuMp9R84JRRk0ELmp6x79m9CPEmzDVw61GO.EJucEqC.VxVpe191RPiCdYwYjMigUd7rhRpUqztwM41XHtcDu0AsF.0A6KQu9LrxL1bg3RMfVV7EEOe3YYeY9i80MIFr0ovjl0bZpDgOvWLZVenvODzHKzxCjT5HgJYrdd_4ZYJgMomPrudekKzldIPeDKnDJy7uyYXqurUSHvrgptZht8B0Fv3RNpQIo5_4hoKC5B99QxuOJDOe8SQFx4BpeDzGeXKT6UWmiYiVDM7dkystKMd7SriDE8AOX9oTLKYqdW3HPF4WTZJIYyQQ3S7RlTUPyLOuIW6IyeVcBHgdMFkRaseOyWUlD5o1YJV9XcgIoIRu6RX8OgXM_JLAAmDNpjZtysYsvUXAb7ntOlru7h9KotDKwg8pp7uv6QGFsKKVvHU4TMk3eVy6gV9n8wOhOA5s8QlVmCZ7QrOPJ7fTiJreQ3HwPrW4mbvb29gnNbdli9Fno1dekbED1G2xfbIouJbaYSkYC3Jt4mo0MCkC3Fur6KDOLou5kAXHrWSrr4g14uCgMiFshE4cRePihwTU815CJicywPWZ2aEhB5DlO4N6UlpNp6Y.JjuxEPa4L.NBBHjUkrbfywmS3xU8lO9xRv0c7tNMkcWssMldeIm9rhlDPRwzy0XPaWkTs56hLMTcXGNgXyhn5EnOWc90_4WldF0fW71kjQFU9kUL2Z_PyUdpBN3f4huyRRSFonEh2inUmO0jQ7OfDhs0hwox4PKGR2QZ946AJoa8zXl5d4bwCcYcgrH.ja8WV_5e7X49z5ghigBobGRV2dZ7iZ27IRu3bah05yjipGIfDIecKA2Po_F.lY_40wesIyowEfAOLJrBg.MGY94Jrak.rzF0Ex15vZopJqXfbfkmmYkwARAb62B3L5MQtxVJRhBrDC7ABbIG97zLbRBLnxIgErkf2X7MBzjf.clgikleSWLwL7_fqabpvSH9_Zkd4OGhiRucJlhTfXLMdWKa7LMVA0SkiZFeWanQ7HMRDnkzG9XHOoGuzfhqv2kxe8H8gz4hecztxvthkEYAAqR5pPiDMajjeVQzJ8_AtreXhuus0LY2VDUMW08hlMLIVjM2G35UdN1k4_Dzhf8wu3jcyXtNl3IFXFcMBHa4R8MrF9NQSy6VSbduaUwK.C8Et3htWZxFDk_hDKYv.q81ZgxrcT8MXPkuXcaaHcEvLxV4PRuGg8go9gJsJNnXY17ihfrQuVvR42eDth3ZCISGmuLArBNaTpur2yoRUbg6NxRoznABC4TWKwFdbWiH8HwdagemsIscOzN_PHzMwODCOCLwPBBKYega5qrfsPzFfUU8ha8f5cuZWkG8wAURRVJXVs5Kteut0x3feGtEQx2MLGzp0S39ylZCI7eceIeGHrmhak7hq_GKN3hExe2kAGBpmD._OENW7mz31Oy2CK51Ag55G3t9misIq1CeUEjy4aWtiBqasSR8I4gU7IImaqvZUvWI",mdrd: "BmqQfeILBjI7fkDs.11AY2Twjhr2WwjHeHfWKTnxyvA-1740081039-1.2.1.1-Z5Yn84IcAnMJQ05HT5kFWvgiARNG2zOVe5aq49U5jQgIWY0WUlMdPLBGfZu.f0btHPsUD3X4tvHUeoVUr7XCiNqok4EntfCM_8BDh9UonGz3nV8AnHYr._wamo.nGz.zngisB9.NEVw2vt58ktsz4uWUxC3oQHpndk6hxAFqh6GBFDBW.FsmpdYFwLvgM6E9lZIyMQXOuSBDSYozjXtLmmB7aEL6O2j_UkRni5ivrjyfMCpai9FsIUqR36_frHtxcezMOUzbCWYT97hfgWBlJSV_YSpfjZ6zbuyfHKuabzSs5t9Rl7BBr14pGs3UFfDC127Z923KF4K.0pB0HFAF6J9swS5HNIQz4t5bWxDOsaJ_5LonRZivymG5gc6_gT43GCjhwze2n613CWHZXMcfHRpNzUCMuOd1FDroyj5f86J5bimXlquqBm1N.K2ge6s9Tm8u2FqS6EmuW1OuOoteao6iU9T9Uidoj.z5rrthzKyn8Q8eehIrPKJ.MQVZ04JaqN9r_UgK.I6.46VoGtR5kWTVW8HEfXCcGUsxIc_CFzIAJUxE86lzGYOaqEENaaioeAXN7dgFSYYba.y9ZeAQ6u2uQjt4VDB2G7V_Dg37rTVa5z7pojeq_LNum8VfpCK7Km2oPbuPbpmN8PCxp7aYuCPvcg.s6_w7g4TTb08hUD5TVmhzL1NBEILH_WuSKvyScj6y19GKjysQ0.alwHXHVe0hAvF1QAMvbu11V9gdAOPgZSs4HKESQKb.eYOLGdPXN1JW8VgqYuZM6hhBsDUqBhrrDGpp4lqXskQ26ITBTF.VY3_c7eYyscX6FQoDWTziAXrKLmruDQufjYk_QjgNV8ntcWKgNf4vssSPGfgiAB68iQYUnxnPEljsZsnOnC2z8ArqUjHsfdBfkVXCmsb6jFAPX7RHdOIsOcC_uzBU1VANQZV6aofLXJqzEfHheMbW6vJycv8bKB4irlgiNnDRywqUIUAeP1HhkQfhncdYg6.iSSc7zaNvCLhj.aRKGmMauc3_swjPiAjfJ7cwgK19JW3gwuX6tSv6viEamjqiziFD89nkBu6s8mkkbLtWFdGyVJV3k7_99HINWLS_oYUIwvMrlhzt.CuqBAnMo3fQ0.K3nJU16B5vQ2sy_kGCBss7s516InFMvhjkvbx73meVd6XrSEVAirn4Pbkb3fVrACj8shKd1ltDmrgYw1UJduvsaFRKhDEZk7UK7XzFCc..90V7YtSg4VjQWvYnWC_dnetp46EzpE0Yhl.Yt.OvREaAmBQ6Pa3MTE6c0OeVpMsABp5_mU6ZbJ1cpeDTTkc.FGi7XdpHGd7_iIVYFqVAQKMR0boQtGxyg2AUn79ATOndygB9OqZf8JGugB7NUxf.3x4KoMt6ThJk8uK5Uz9C7LjpX7qKW1Se574Kjl3BMYB.iOv.PquNhAwj7BcfLY8IlBnaXz6p1YBSX3EOT.42FdNmP.0FjvuQvZrpeMH8sVcGNU53mZJkFksqKx1ipd3Szf.wGqbebSLOxyjKEalSh0X9eRIb_GLdzajI.QkD3_Pg0l9OYfd.cSWJL1RCtoRd5kScwwqPRv34fYcnw3VGyBYjtRLRAWdARPtExDRoztTCUuz0Sj.cwa12_61cAukbVqBRy7BARbpRgvhP103MBHAYd6dbFPmzCiUKACGaS1YJ3zhve3qUv1ymO9hx3Hh5FzOqIvspe07E0ALCFLTSAyikc8DIrGxfMOgPu1hYsho0Pp2sCV8gHoiBcuZESBszIjbdFDKmriRoXAZzlB.XEE32Ssgkgne8AHRSsJbD35XMUEdJxORu0paLWkfXnXX5OqsTXaCO_tJwyWY.6WziSR3Jief4XkwTzHvzQSAJWkIpAybYnruveABP9OoGEOpQ3Kjfwoen175NDEFq0cixfhnAU_sPAWm4B.n.0EokxExh2O1CkfaSOZK_d3E..LcYa1gQdh0fbjjOji7SsAaava83"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=915106e2cea5f938';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10009014\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=1wdLdxGLbYgRE4DBBTYMvbEqdVJ_FqM9Ic5.oLJF.L8-1740081039-1.0.1.1-aemVJQSkvBoEmiXvrWJWPRb8tKyQC56RgaQEnObQjRQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>