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Screen Actors Guild</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marquez_v._Screen_Actors_Guild-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merger_with_AFTRA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merger_with_AFTRA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Merger with AFTRA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merger_with_AFTRA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules_and_procedure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules_and_procedure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rules and procedure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rules_and_procedure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rules and procedure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rules_and_procedure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Becoming_a_member" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Becoming_a_member"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Becoming a member</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Becoming_a_member-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initiation_fee_and_membership_dues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initiation_fee_and_membership_dues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Initiation fee and membership dues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initiation_fee_and_membership_dues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_Rule_One" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_Rule_One"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Global Rule One</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_Rule_One-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unique_stage_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unique_stage_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Unique stage names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unique_stage_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_benefits_and_privileges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_benefits_and_privileges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Member benefits and privileges</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Member_benefits_and_privileges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Member benefits and privileges subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Member_benefits_and_privileges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standardized_pay_and_work_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standardized_pay_and_work_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Standardized pay and work conditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standardized_pay_and_work_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Producers_and_the_Pension_and_Health_Plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Producers_and_the_Pension_and_Health_Plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>The Producers and the Pension and Health Plans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Producers_and_the_Pension_and_Health_Plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Residuals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_strikes_and_boycotts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_strikes_and_boycotts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Major strikes and boycotts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_strikes_and_boycotts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major strikes and boycotts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_strikes_and_boycotts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_strikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_strikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Early strikes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_strikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strike_and_Emmy_Awards_boycott_of_1980" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strike_and_Emmy_Awards_boycott_of_1980"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Strike and Emmy Awards boycott of 1980</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strike_and_Emmy_Awards_boycott_of_1980-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_commercials_strike_of_2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_commercials_strike_of_2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>The commercials strike of 2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_commercials_strike_of_2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beyond_the_major_studios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beyond_the_major_studios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Beyond the major studios</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beyond_the_major_studios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_core" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_core"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Financial core</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_core-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Women's_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Women's_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>National Women's Committee</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-National_Women's_Committee-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle National Women's Committee subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-National_Women's_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Woman's_Committee_timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Woman's_Committee_timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Woman's Committee timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Woman's_Committee_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_leadership:_1933–2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_leadership:_1933–2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Historical leadership: 1933–2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_leadership:_1933–2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A9" title="نقابة ممثلي الشاشة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نقابة ممثلي الشاشة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_Kinoaktyorlar_Gildiyas%C4%B1" title="ABŞ Kinoaktyorlar Gildiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ Kinoaktyorlar Gildiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Гільдыя кінаакцёраў ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гільдыя кінаакцёраў ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Гилдия на киноактьорите – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гилдия на киноактьорите" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindicat_d%27Actors_de_Cinema" title="Sindicat d'Actors de Cinema – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sindicat d'Actors de Cinema" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymdeithas_yr_Actorion_Sgr%C3%AEn" title="Cymdeithas yr Actorion Sgrîn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cymdeithas yr Actorion Sgrîn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Screen Actors Guild" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Screen Actors Guild" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindicato_de_Actores_de_Cine" title="Sindicato de Actores de Cine – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sindicato de Actores de Cine" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Screen Actors Guild" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%ED%99%94%EB%B0%B0%EC%9A%B0%EC%A1%B0%ED%95%A9" title="영화배우조합 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영화배우조합" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Screen Actors Guild" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Screen Actors Guild" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9A" title="גילדת שחקני המסך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גילדת שחקני המסך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კინომსახიობთა გილდია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კინომსახიობთა გილდია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A9" title="نقابة ممثلين الشاشة – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نقابة ممثلين الشاشة" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Screen Actors Guild" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E4%BF%B3%E5%84%AA%E7%B5%84%E5%90%88" title="映画俳優組合 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="映画俳優組合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Screen Actors Guild" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Screen Actors Guild" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Screen Actors Guild" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Гильдия киноактёров США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гильдия киноактёров США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Screen Actors Guild" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Screen Actors Guild" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Screen Actors Guild" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Гільдія кіноакторів США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гільдія кіноакторів США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the labor union that existed from 1933 until 2012. For the post-merger union, see <a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Screen Actors Guild</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Screen_Actors_Guild_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Screen_Actors_Guild_logo.svg/180px-Screen_Actors_Guild_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Screen_Actors_Guild_logo.svg/270px-Screen_Actors_Guild_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Screen_Actors_Guild_logo.svg/360px-Screen_Actors_Guild_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">SAG</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">July 12, 1933<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1933-07-12</span>)</span><br />(91 years, 4 months and 11 days)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">March 30, 2012<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2012-03-30</span>)</span><br />(12 years, 7 months and 24 days)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood, California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Members <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2012)</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">129,092 ("active" members)<br />54,690 (other members; withdrawn/suspended)<br />(before merger, 2012)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Associated_Actors_and_Artistes_of_America" title="Associated Actors and Artistes of America">AAAA</a> (<a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Actors" title="International Federation of Actors">FIA</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"><sup id="cite_ref-OLMS_LM-2_2012-04-20_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OLMS_LM-2_2012-04-20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Screen Actors Guild</b> (<b>SAG</b>) was an American <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">labor union</a> which represented over 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a> and television <a href="/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">principal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extra_(acting)" title="Extra (acting)">background performers</a> worldwide. On March 30, 2012, the union leadership announced that the SAG membership voted to merge with the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Television_and_Radio_Artists" title="American Federation of Television and Radio Artists">American Federation of Television and Radio Artists</a> (AFTRA) to create <a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-merger_press_release_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merger_press_release-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to SAG's Mission Statement, the Guild sought to: negotiate and enforce collective bargaining agreements that establish equitable levels of compensation, benefits, and working conditions for its performers; collect compensation for exploitation of recorded performances by its members, and provide protection against unauthorized use of those performances; and preserve and expand work opportunities for its members.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Guild was founded in 1933 in an effort to eliminate the <a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_labour" title="Exploitation of labour">exploitation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> actors, who were being forced into oppressive multi-year <a href="/wiki/Contract" title="Contract">contracts</a> with the major <a href="/wiki/Movie_studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie studio">movie studios</a>. Opposition to these contracts included that they did not include restrictions on work hours or minimum rest periods, and often had clauses that automatically renewed at the studios' discretion. These contracts were notorious for allowing the studios to dictate the public and private lives of the performers who signed them, and most did not have provisions to allow the performer to end the deal.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Screen Actors Guild was associated with the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Actors_and_Artistes_of_America" title="Associated Actors and Artistes of America">Associated Actors and Artistes of America</a> (AAAA), which is the primary association of performer's unions in the United States. AAAA is affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/AFL-CIO" title="AFL-CIO">AFL-CIO</a>. SAG claimed exclusive jurisdiction over motion picture performances, and shared jurisdiction of <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/New_media" title="New media">new media</a> with its sister union AFTRA, with which it shared 44,000 dual members.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internationally, the SAG was affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Actors" title="International Federation of Actors">International Federation of Actors</a>. </p><p>In addition to its main offices in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, SAG also maintained branches in several major US cities, including <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas, Nevada">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> </p><p>Beginning in 1995, SAG began to award the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="Screen Actors Guild Awards">Screen Actors Guild Awards</a>, which are considered an indicator of success at the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>. It continues through <a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1925, the <a href="/wiki/Masquers_Club" title="Masquers Club">Masquers Club</a> was formed by actors discontented with the grueling work hours at the <a href="/wiki/Studio_system" title="Studio system">Hollywood studios</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was one of the major concerns which led to the creation of the Screen Actors Guild in 1933. Another was that the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>, which at that time arbitrated between the producers and actors on contract disputes, had a membership policy which was by invitation only. </p><p>A meeting in March 1933 of six actors (<a href="/wiki/Berton_Churchill" title="Berton Churchill">Berton Churchill</a>, Charles Miller, <a href="/wiki/Grant_Mitchell_(actor)" title="Grant Mitchell (actor)">Grant Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Morgan" title="Ralph Morgan">Ralph Morgan</a>, Alden Gay, and Kenneth Thomson) led to the guild's foundation. Three months later, three of the six and eighteen others became the guild's first officers and board of directors: Ralph Morgan (its first president), Alden Gay, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Thomson_(actor)" title="Kenneth Thomson (actor)">Kenneth Thomson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Mowbray" title="Alan Mowbray">Alan Mowbray</a> (who personally funded the organization when it was first founded), <a href="/wiki/Leon_Ames_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon Ames (actor)">Leon Ames</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Brooke" title="Tyler Brooke">Tyler Brooke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clay_Clement" title="Clay Clement">Clay Clement</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Gleason" title="James Gleason">James Gleason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucile_Gleason" title="Lucile Gleason">Lucile Webster Gleason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Karloff" title="Boris Karloff">Boris Karloff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_King_(actor)" title="Claude King (actor)">Claude King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noel_Madison" title="Noel Madison">Noel Madison</a>, Reginald Mason, <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Page" title="Bradley Page">Bradley Page</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Robertson" title="Willard Robertson">Willard Robertson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Simpson" title="Ivan Simpson">Ivan Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/C._Aubrey_Smith" title="C. Aubrey Smith">C. Aubrey Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Starrett" title="Charles Starrett">Charles Starrett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tucker_(actor)" title="Richard Tucker (actor)">Richard Tucker</a>, Arthur Vinton, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Wallace" title="Morgan Wallace">Morgan Wallace</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lyle_Talbot" title="Lyle Talbot">Lyle Talbot</a>. </p><p>Many high-profile actors refused to join SAG initially. This changed when the producers made an agreement amongst themselves not to bid competitively for talent. A pivotal meeting, at the home of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Morgan" title="Frank Morgan">Frank Morgan</a> (Ralph's brother, who played the title role in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i>), was what gave SAG its critical mass. Prompted by <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a>'s insistence, at that meeting, that any response to that producer's agreement help all actors, not just the already established ones, it took only three weeks for SAG membership to go from around 80 members to more than 4,000. Cantor's participation was critical, particularly because of his friendship with the recently elected President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>. After several years and the passage of the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="National Labor Relations Act">National Labor Relations Act</a>, the producers agreed to negotiate with SAG in 1937. </p><p>Actors known for their early support of SAG (besides the founders) include <a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Arnold_(actor)" title="Edward Arnold (actor)">Edward Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Digges_(actor)" title="Dudley Digges (actor)">Dudley Digges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porter_Hall" title="Porter Hall">Porter Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Harvey_(actor)" title="Paul Harvey (actor)">Paul Harvey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russell_Hicks_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russell Hicks (actor)">Russell Hicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murray_Kinnell" title="Murray Kinnell">Murray Kinnell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Lockhart" title="Gene Lockhart">Gene Lockhart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi">Bela Lugosi</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Manners" title="David Manners">David Manners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Menjou" title="Adolphe Menjou">Adolphe Menjou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chester_Morris" title="Chester Morris">Chester Morris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Muir_(actress)" title="Jean Muir (actress)">Jean Muir</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Brien-Moore" title="Erin O'Brien-Moore">Erin O'Brien-Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irving_Pichel" title="Irving Pichel">Irving Pichel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Powell" title="Dick Powell">Dick Powell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Robinson" title="Edward G. Robinson">Edward G. Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanley" title="Edwin Stanley">Edwin Stanley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Stuart" title="Gloria Stuart">Gloria Stuart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyle_Talbot" title="Lyle Talbot">Lyle Talbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franchot_Tone" title="Franchot Tone">Franchot Tone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warren_William" title="Warren William">Warren William</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Young_(actor)" title="Robert Young (actor)">Robert Young</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blacklist_years">Blacklist years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Blacklist years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1947, the members of a list of suspected <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communists</a> working in the Hollywood film industry were summoned to appear before the <a href="/wiki/House_Committee_on_Un-American_Activities" class="mw-redirect" title="House Committee on Un-American Activities">House Committee on Un-American Activities</a> (HUAC), which was investigating Communist influence in the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">labor unions</a>. Ten of those summoned, dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Ten" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood Ten">Hollywood Ten</a>", refused to cooperate, and were charged with <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_Congress" title="Contempt of Congress">contempt of Congress</a> and sentenced to prison. Several liberal members of SAG, led by Humphrey Bogart, <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a>, formed the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_First_Amendment" title="Committee for the First Amendment">Committee for the First Amendment</a> (CFA) and flew to Washington, DC, in late October 1947 to show support for the Hollywood Ten. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hollywood_Professional_Building_from_northwest_2015-05-31.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hollywood_Professional_Building_from_northwest_2015-05-31.jpg/170px-Hollywood_Professional_Building_from_northwest_2015-05-31.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hollywood_Professional_Building_from_northwest_2015-05-31.jpg/255px-Hollywood_Professional_Building_from_northwest_2015-05-31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hollywood_Professional_Building_from_northwest_2015-05-31.jpg/340px-Hollywood_Professional_Building_from_northwest_2015-05-31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Professional_Building" title="Hollywood Professional Building">Hollywood Professional Building</a> housed SAG headquarters in the 1940s</figcaption></figure> <p>The president of SAG – future <a href="/wiki/United_States_President" class="mw-redirect" title="United States President">United States President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> – also known to the FBI as Confidential Informant "T-10", testified before the committee but never publicly named names. Instead, according to an FBI memorandum in 1947: "T-10 advised Special Agent [name deleted] that he has been made a member of a committee headed by Mayer, the purpose of which is allegedly is to 'purge' the motion-picture industry of Communist party members, which committee was an outgrowth of the Thomas committee hearings in Washington and subsequent meetings ... He felt that lacking a definite stand on the part of the government, it would be very difficult for any committee of motion-picture people to conduct any type of cleansing of their household".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, a climate of fear, enhanced by the threat of detention under the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/McCarran_Internal_Security_Act" title="McCarran Internal Security Act">McCarran Internal Security Act</a>, permeated the film industry. On November 17, 1947, the Screen Actors Guild voted to force its officers to take a "non-communist" pledge. On November 25 (the day after the full House approved the ten citations for contempt) in what has become known as the <a href="/wiki/Waldorf_Statement" title="Waldorf Statement">Waldorf Statement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Johnston" title="Eric Johnston">Eric Johnston</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion Picture Association of America">Motion Picture Association of America</a> (MPAA), issued a <a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">press release</a>: "We will not knowingly employ a Communist or a member of any party or group which advocates the overthrow of the government of the United States by force or by any illegal or unconstitutional methods." </p><p>None of those blacklisted were proven to advocate overthrowing the government – most simply had <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> views. The Waldorf Statement marked the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">Hollywood blacklist</a> that saw hundreds of people prevented from working in the film industry. During the height of what is now referred to as <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Writers_Guild" title="Screen Writers Guild">Screen Writers Guild</a> gave the studios the right to <a href="/wiki/Screen_credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen credit">omit from the screen</a> the name of any individual who had failed to clear his name before Congress. At a 1997 ceremony marking the 50th anniversary of the Blacklist, the Guild's president made this statement: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Only our sister union, <a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors Equity Association</a>, dared to stand behind its members and help them continue their creative lives in the theater. ... Unfortunately, there are no credits to restore, nor any other belated recognition that we can offer our members who were blacklisted. They could not work under assumed names or employ surrogates to front for them. An actor's work and his or her identity are inseparable. Screen Actors Guild's participation in tonight's event must stand as our testament to all those who suffered that, in the future, we will strongly support our members and work with them to assure their rights as defined and guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Richard_Masur" title="Richard Masur">Richard Masur</a>, Hollywood Remembers the Blacklist<sup id="cite_ref-blacklist50th_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blacklist50th-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s_to_2012">1970s to 2012</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1970s to 2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Screen Actors Guild Ethnic Minorities Committee was co-founded in 1972 by actors <a href="/wiki/Henry_Darrow" title="Henry Darrow">Henry Darrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edith_Diaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Edith Diaz">Edith Diaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Montalb%C3%A1n" title="Ricardo Montalbán">Ricardo Montalbán</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Zapata" title="Carmen Zapata">Carmen Zapata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thr_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thr-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Screen Actors Guild Women's Committee was founded in 1972. </p><p>In 1980, SAG and AFTRA <a href="/wiki/1980_actors_strike" title="1980 actors strike">held a strike</a> over issues regarding profit sharing from home media and pay TV. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marquez_v._Screen_Actors_Guild"><i>Marquez v. Screen Actors Guild</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Marquez v. Screen Actors Guild"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marquez_v._Screen_Actors_Guild" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquez v. Screen Actors Guild">Marquez v. Screen Actors Guild</a></div> <p>In 1998, Naomi Marquez filed suit against SAG and Lakeside Productions claiming they had breached their duty of fair representation. The claim was denied by the Supreme Court. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Merger_with_AFTRA">Merger with AFTRA</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Merger with AFTRA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a></div> <p>The membership of the Screen Actors Guild voted to merge with the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Television_and_Radio_Artists" title="American Federation of Television and Radio Artists">American Federation of Television and Radio Artists</a> on March 30, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-merger_press_release_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merger_press_release-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to SAG's Department of Labor records since 2006, when membership classifications were first reported, 30%, or almost a third, of the guild's total membership had consistently been considered "withdrawn", "suspended", or otherwise not categorized as "active" members. These members were ineligible to vote in the guild.<sup id="cite_ref-OLMS_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OLMS-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Honorable withdrawals" constituted the largest portion of these, at 20% of the total membership, or 36,284 members before the merger in 2012. "Suspended" members were the second largest, at 10%, or 18,402 members.<sup id="cite_ref-OLMS_LM-2_2012-04-20_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OLMS_LM-2_2012-04-20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This classification scheme is continued by SAG-AFTRA.<sup id="cite_ref-OLMS_SAG-AFTRA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OLMS_SAG-AFTRA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules_and_procedure">Rules and procedure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rules and procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Becoming_a_member">Becoming a member</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Becoming a member"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An actor was eligible to join the Screen Actors Guild by meeting the criteria in any of the following three categories: principal actor in a SAG production, background actor (originally the "three voucher rule"), and one-year member of an affiliated union (with a principal role). The basic categories were: </p> <ul><li><i>Principal actor:</i> Any actor who works as a principal actor for a minimum of one day on a project (film, commercial, TV show, etc.) under a producer's agreement with SAG, and the actor has been paid at the appropriate SAG daily, three-day, or weekly rate was then considered "SAG-eligible". A SAG-eligible actor could work in other SAG or non-SAG productions up to 30 days, during which that actor was classified as a "<a href="/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Hartley_Act#Entertainment_industry" title="Taft–Hartley Act">Taft–Hartley</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS"><span title="The anchor (Entertainment industry) has been deleted. (2024-10-03)">broken anchor</span></a></i>]</sup>". After the 30-day Taft–Hartley period has expired, the actor could not work on any further SAG productions until first joining SAG, by: paying the initiation fee with the first half-year minimum membership dues, and agreeing to abide by the Guild's rules and bylaws.</li> <li><i>Background actor:</i> For years, SAG had the "three voucher rule". After collecting three valid union vouchers for three separate days of work, a background actor could become SAG-eligible; however, employment must have been confirmed with payroll data, not vouchers. SAG productions required a minimum number of SAG members be employed as background actors before a producer was permitted to <a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">hire</a> a non-union background actor. For television productions in the West Coast Zones, the minimum number of SAG background actors was 21 (25 in the New York Zone), for commercials the minimum was 40, and for feature films, the minimum was 57 in the West Coast zones (85 in the New York zone). In rare circumstances, due to the uniqueness of a role, or constraints on the numbers of available SAG actors or last-minute cancellations, those minimums were unable to be met. When this happened, <a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">producers</a> were permitted to fill one or more of those union spots with non-union actors. The non-union actor chosen to fill the union spot was then issued a union background <a href="/wiki/Voucher" title="Voucher">voucher</a> for the day, and that non-union actor was entitled to all the same <a href="/wiki/Employee_benefit" class="mw-redirect" title="Employee benefit">benefits</a> and pay that the union actor would have received under that voucher. This was called a Taft–Hartley voucher. The SAG-Eligible background actor could continue working in non-union productions, but after obtaining 3 Taft–Hartley vouchers were given a 30-day window where they were allowed to work as many SAG jobs as they wish. After the 30-day window had expired the actor became a "Must Join" with SAG, meaning they could no longer work any SAG projects without formally joining the union. They could continue to work non-union jobs, however, until they officially became a SAG member.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Member of an affiliated union:</i> Members in good standing, for at least one year, of any of the other unions affiliated with the AAAA, and who had worked as a principal at least once in an area of the affiliated union's jurisdiction, and who had been paid for their work in that principal role, were eligible to join SAG.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initiation_fee_and_membership_dues">Initiation fee and membership dues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Initiation fee and membership dues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members joining the Los Angeles, New York, or Miami SAG locals were assessed an initial fee to join the Guild of $3,000. At the time of initiation, the first minimum semi-annual membership dues payment of $58 must have also been paid, bringing the total amount due upon initiation into the Guild to $3,058.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All other SAG locals still assessed initiation fees at the previous rate. Members from other locales who worked in Los Angeles, New York, or Miami after joining were charged the difference between the fee they paid their local and the higher rate in those markets. </p><p>Membership dues were calculated and due semi-annually, and were based upon the member's earnings from SAG productions. The minimum annual dues amount was $116, with an additional 1.85% of the performer's income up to $200,000. Income from $200,000 to $500,000 was assessed at 0.5%, and income from $500,000 to $1 million was assessed at 0.25%. For the calculation of dues, there was a total earnings cap at $1 million. Therefore, the maximum dues payable in any one calendar year by any single member was limited to $6,566. </p><p>SAG members who became delinquent in their dues without formally requesting a <a href="/wiki/Leave_of_absence" title="Leave of absence">leave of absence</a> from the Guild were assessed late <a href="/wiki/Late_fee" title="Late fee">penalties</a>, and risked being ejected from the Guild and could be forced to pay the initiation fee again to regain their membership. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_Rule_One">Global Rule One</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Global Rule One"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SAG Constitution and Bylaws stated "No member shall work as a performer or make an agreement to work as a performer for any producer who has not executed a basic minimum agreement with the Guild which is in full force and effect",<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this became known as <i>Rule One</i> of the organization. Every SAG performer, as a condition of membership, agreed to abide by this and all other SAG rules; thus SAG members could not perform in any non-union project that was within SAG's jurisdiction. Beginning in 2002 the Guild pursued a policy of worldwide enforcement of Rule One, and renamed it <i>Global Rule One</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unique_stage_names">Unique stage names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Unique stage names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">Stage name</a></div> <p>Like other organizations that represent actors, SAG rules stipulated that no two members could have identical working names; many actors were thus prevented from registering under their own names and had to make changes. Some maintained their usual name but added a middle initial; others adopted a stage name quite different from their legal name to comply with this rule. Notable examples include <a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Fox" title="Michael J. Fox">Michael J. Fox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emma_Stone" title="Emma Stone">Emma Stone</a>, whose birth names "<a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Michael_Fox_(American_actor)" title="Michael Fox (American actor)">Michael Fox</a>" and "Emily Stone", respectively, had already been registered by other actors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Member_benefits_and_privileges">Member benefits and privileges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Member benefits and privileges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SAG contracts with producers contained a variety of protections for Guild performers. Among these provisions were: minimum rates of pay, adequate working conditions, special protection and <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> requirements for <a href="/wiki/Minor_(law)" title="Minor (law)">minors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arbitration" title="Arbitration">arbitration</a> of disputes and <a href="/wiki/Grievance_(labour)" title="Grievance (labour)">grievances</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a> in <a href="/wiki/Audition_(performing_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audition (performing arts)">auditions</a> and hiring. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standardized_pay_and_work_conditions">Standardized pay and work conditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Standardized pay and work conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All members of the Guild agreed to work only for producers who had signed contracts with SAG. These contracts spelled out in detail the responsibilities that producers must assume when hiring SAG performers. Specifically, the SAG basic contract specified: the number of hours performers may work, the frequency of <a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">meal</a> breaks required, the minimum <a href="/wiki/Wage" title="Wage">wages</a> or "scale" at which performers must be compensated for their work, <a href="/wiki/Overtime" title="Overtime">overtime</a> pay, travel <a href="/wiki/Lodging" title="Lodging">accommodations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">wardrobe</a> allowances, <a href="/wiki/Stunt" title="Stunt">stunt</a> pay, private <a href="/wiki/Dressing_room_(theater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dressing room (theater)">dressing rooms</a>, and adequate rest periods between performances. When applicable, and with due regard to the safety of the individuals, cast and crew, women and minorities were to be considered for doubling roles and for descript and non-descript stunts on a functional, non-discriminatory basis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Producers_and_the_Pension_and_Health_Plans">The Producers and the Pension and Health Plans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The Producers and the Pension and Health Plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Performers who meet the eligibility criteria of working a certain number of days or attaining a certain threshold in income derived from SAG productions could join the Producers Pension and Health Plans offered by the Guild. The eligibility requirements varied by age of the performer and the desired plan chosen (there were two health plans). There were also <a href="/wiki/Dental_insurance" title="Dental insurance">Dental</a>, Vision, and <a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">Life</a> & <a href="/wiki/Total_permanent_disability_insurance" title="Total permanent disability insurance">Disability</a> coverage included as part of the two plans.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residuals">Residuals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Residuals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Guild secured <a href="/wiki/Residual_(entertainment_industry)" title="Residual (entertainment industry)">residuals</a> payments in perpetuity to its members for <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcast</a> and re-broadcast of films, <a href="/wiki/Television_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Television program">TV shows</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Television_advertisement" title="Television advertisement">TV commercials</a> through clauses in the basic SAG agreements with producers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_strikes_and_boycotts">Major strikes and boycotts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Major strikes and boycotts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_strikes">Early strikes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Early strikes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1948, a strike was averted at the last minute as the SAG and <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Motion_Picture_Producers" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Motion Picture Producers">major producers</a> agreed upon a new collective bargaining contract. The major points agreed upon included: full union shop for actors to continue, negotiations for films sent direct to TV, producers could not sue an actor for breach of contract if they strike (but the guild could only strike when the contract expires).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1960, SAG went on strike against <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Motion_Picture_Producers" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Motion Picture Producers">the seven major studios</a>. This was the first industry-wide strike in the 50-year history of movie making. Earlier walkouts involved production for television. The <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America" title="Writers Guild of America">Writers Guild of America</a> <a href="/wiki/1960_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1960 Writers Guild of America strike">had been on strike</a> since January 31, 1960 with similar demands to the actors. The independents were not affected since they signed new contracts. The dispute rested on actors wanting to be paid 6% or 7% of the gross earnings of pictures made since 1948 and sold to television. Actors also wanted a pension and welfare fund.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1978, members of SAG went on strike for the fourth time in its 45-year history. It joined the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Television_and_Radio_Artists" title="American Federation of Television and Radio Artists">American Federation of Television and Radio Artists</a> in picket lines in Los Angeles and New York. The unions said that management's demand would cut actors' salaries. The argument was over filming commercials. Management agreed to up salaries from $218 to $250 per scene, but if the scene were not used at all, the actor would not be paid.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strike_and_Emmy_Awards_boycott_of_1980">Strike and Emmy Awards boycott of 1980</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Strike and Emmy Awards boycott of 1980"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July, SAG members walked out on strike, along with AFTRA, the union for television and radio artists, and the American Federation of Musicians. The union joined the television artists in calling for a successful <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a> against <a href="/wiki/32nd_Primetime_Emmy_Awards" title="32nd Primetime Emmy Awards">that year's prime-time Emmy awards</a>. <a href="/wiki/Powers_Boothe" title="Powers Boothe">Powers Boothe</a> was the only one of the 52 nominated actors to attend: "This is either the most courageous moment of my career or the dumbest" he quipped during his acceptance speech. The guild ratified a new pact, for a 32.25% increase in minimum salaries and a 4.5% share of movies made for pay TV, and the strike ended on October 25.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_commercials_strike_of_2000">The commercials strike of 2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: The commercials strike of 2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/2000_commercial_actors_strike" title="2000 commercial actors strike">The commercials strike of 2000</a> was extremely controversial. Some factions within SAG call it a success, asserting that it not only saved Pay-Per-Play (residuals) but it also increased cable residuals by 140% up from $1,014 to $2,460. Others suggested almost identical terms were available in negotiation without a strike. In the wake of the strike, SAG, and its sister union AFTRA, gathered evidence on over 1,500 non-members who had worked during the strike. SAG trial boards found <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Hurley" title="Elizabeth Hurley">Elizabeth Hurley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Woods" title="Tiger Woods">Tiger Woods</a> guilty of performing in non-union commercials and each was fined $100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beyond_the_major_studios">Beyond the major studios</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Beyond the major studios"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SAG Principal members could not work on non-union productions. Union background actors were not fully covered nationwide and could work non-union outside the background zones. These background zones included the state of Hawaii, 4 zones in California, Las Vegas NV, and a 300-mile radius around New York City. Many <a href="/wiki/Film_school" title="Film school">film schools</a> had SAG Student Film Agreements with the Guild to allow SAG actors to work in their projects. SAGIndie was formed in 1997 to promote using SAG actors; SAG also had Low Budget Contracts that were meant to encourage the use of SAG members on films produced outside of the major studios and to prevent film productions from leaving the country, known as "<a href="/wiki/Runaway_production" title="Runaway production">Runaway production</a>". In the fight against "Runaway production", the SAG National Board voted unanimously to support the Film and Television Action Committee (FTAC) and its 301(a) Petition which asked the <a href="/wiki/US_Trade_Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="US Trade Representative">US Trade Representative</a> to investigate Canadian film subsidies for their violation of trade agreements Canada signed with the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financial_core">Financial core</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Financial core"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Financial_core" title="Financial core">Financial core</a>, or <i>Fi-Core</i>, was a payment to the union to allow someone to work in a union environment without being a member of the union. The concept was defined in 1963 by Supreme Court case <i>Labor Board v. General Motors</i><sup id="cite_ref-ficoreInfo_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ficoreInfo-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and clarified for the communications industry in 1988 via <i><a href="/wiki/Communications_Workers_of_America_v._Beck" title="Communications Workers of America v. Beck">Communications Workers of America v. Beck</a></i>. </p><p>Approximately 96% of normal union dues were paid to make an actor a Financial Core member of the SAG,<sup id="cite_ref-ficoreInfo_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ficoreInfo-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bizparentz_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bizparentz-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Financial Core members were not permitted to "represent themselves as Screen Actors Guild members".<sup id="cite_ref-sagaftraFiCore_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sagaftraFiCore-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the Screen Actors Guild said "Fi-Core/FPNM are viewed as scabs ... by SAG members, directors, and writers—most of whom also belong to entertainment unions".<sup id="cite_ref-sagaftraFiCore_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sagaftraFiCore-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This statement was met with skepticism by some.<sup id="cite_ref-ficoreInfo_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ficoreInfo-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laniMinella_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laniMinella-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former SAG President <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> was apparently a supporter of Fi-Core.<sup id="cite_ref-laniMinella_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laniMinella-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-daveCourvoisier_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daveCourvoisier-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ficoreResources_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ficoreResources-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pirromount_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pirromount-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_Women's_Committee"><span id="National_Women.27s_Committee"></span>National Women's Committee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: National Women's Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Entertainment remains among the most gender unequal industries in the United States. The National Women's Committee operated within the National Statement of Purpose to promote equal employment opportunities for its female SAG members. It also encouraged positive images of women in film and television, in order to end sexual stereotypes and educate the industry about the representation of women, both in numbers and quality of representation.<sup id="cite_ref-woman's_committee_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woman's_committee-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SAG Women's Committee had been dedicated to working towards strategic objectives adopted from the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_World_Conference_on_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth World Conference on Women">Fourth World Conference on Women</a> Beijing Platform of 1995. These objectives included supporting research into all aspects of women and the media so as to define areas needing attention and action. The SAG Hollywood Division Women's Committee also encouraged the media to refrain from presenting women as inferior beings and exploiting them as sexual objects and commodities.<sup id="cite_ref-woman's_committee_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woman's_committee-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Woman's_Committee_timeline"><span id="Woman.27s_Committee_timeline"></span>Woman's Committee timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Woman's Committee timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>1972:</b> The Screen Actors Guild Women's Committee is founded. <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a> conducts a study that reveals 81.7% of television roles are male, versus 18.3% female.</li> <li><b>1974–1976:</b> In conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America" title="Directors Guild of America">Directors Guild of America</a>, the Screen Actors Guild compiles statistical surveys that explicitly document the disenfranchisement of their women members, often linking the data to a specific studio, network and in several cases individual television shows. These efforts are spearheaded by the two organizations' individual Women's Committees.</li> <li><b>1975:</b> <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Nolan" title="Kathleen Nolan">Kathleen Nolan</a> becomes the Screen Actors Guild's first female president.<sup id="cite_ref-SAG_timeline_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAG_timeline-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1979:</b> A study reveals that between 1949 and 1979, 7,332 feature films were made and released by major distributors. Fourteen, a mere 0.19%, were directed by women.</li> <li><b>October 10, 1979:</b> Women and Minorities Rally. President <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Nolan" title="Kathleen Nolan">Kathleen Nolan</a> leads protest rally, with signs reading "Women and Minorities: Not Seen on the American Scene"..."Window Dressing on the Set"...and "TV: it's Time for a Facelift".<sup id="cite_ref-SAG_timeline_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAG_timeline-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1981–1985:</b> <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Hoffman" title="Leslie Hoffman">Leslie Hoffman</a>, first stuntwoman elected to the Hollywood Screen Actors Board. She works towards hiring more women, minorities, seniors, and disabled performers as stuntpeople. She is blacklisted by the Screen Actors Guild Board and Stuntmen Groups.</li> <li><b>1984:</b> SAG creates additional low-budget motion picture agreement, giving advantages to productions that hire more women, minorities, seniors, and disabled performers. SAG's New York branch forms Women's Voice-Over Committee to study why women get only 10–20% of voiceover work.<sup id="cite_ref-SAG_timeline_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAG_timeline-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1986:</b> Women's voice-over study by McCollum/Spielman and Company indicates "it makes absolutely no difference whether a male or female voice is used as a TV commercial voice-over", destroying long-held advertising industry assertion that male voices "sell better" and carry "more authority".<sup id="cite_ref-SAG_timeline_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAG_timeline-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>1989:</b> A SAG report reveals that 71% of all roles in feature films and 64% of all roles in TV went to men. The report said the combined income of men more than doubled that of women ($644 million to $296 million).</li> <li><b>1990:</b> At the SAG National Women's Conference, <a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> keynotes first national event, emphasizing the decline in women's work opportunities, pay parity, and role models within the film industry.<sup id="cite_ref-SAG_timeline_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAG_timeline-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She lashes out at the film industry for downplaying the importance of women both on screen and off.</li> <li><b>1996:</b> Composition of female leading roles rises to 40%, but supporting roles for women decline to 33%.</li> <li><b>1997:</b> SAG contracts for actresses exceed $472 million, while male SAG contracts receive more than $928 million.</li> <li><b>2004:</b> Only 37% of all SAG television and film roles go to women.<sup id="cite_ref-AFL-CIO_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFL-CIO-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>2008:</b> <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> becomes the first woman to win the <a href="/wiki/Oscar_for_Best_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar for Best Director">Oscar for Best Director</a> of a Motion Picture, after being only the fourth woman in history to secure a nomination. Statistics show that only 9% of directors are female.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>2009:</b> Dr. Martha Lauzen of the Alliance for Women Film Journalists, conducts a study revealing that, of 2009's top 250 films at box offices, women comprised only 16% of the directors, producers, writers, and other top jobs. This represents a 3% decline from the 2001 study showing 19% female composition.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Female directors fall from a low 9% in 2008, to a meager 7%. <a href="/wiki/Warner_Brothers_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Brothers Pictures">Warner Brothers Pictures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> did not release a single film directed by a woman.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>2010:</b> A study carried out by the <a href="/wiki/USC_Annenberg_School_for_Communication_and_Journalism" title="USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism">Annenberg School for Communication</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Geena_Davis_Institute_on_Gender_in_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media">Geena Davis Institute on Gender in the Media</a> finds that male characters outnumber female characters by 2.42 to one in top-grossing American films.</li> <li><b>2010:</b> Ex-Board Member <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Hoffman" title="Leslie Hoffman">Leslie Hoffman</a> successfully fights to get Disability Health Plans for two stuntmen and a reimbursement for a disabled stuntwoman.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_leadership:_1933–2012"><span id="Historical_leadership:_1933.E2.80.932012"></span>Historical leadership: 1933–2012</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Historical leadership: 1933–2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA#Leadership_history" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA § Leadership_history</a></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Presidents of SAG<sup id="cite_ref-list_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">President </th> <th scope="col">Term </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Morgan" title="Ralph Morgan">Ralph Morgan</a> </th> <td>1933 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> </th> <td>1933–1935 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)" title="Robert Montgomery (actor)">Robert Montgomery</a> </th> <td>1935–1938 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Morgan" title="Ralph Morgan">Ralph Morgan</a> </th> <td>1938–1940 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Arnold_(actor)" title="Edward Arnold (actor)">Edward Arnold</a> </th> <td>1940–1942 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a> </th> <td>1942–1944 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a> </th> <td>1944–1946 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)" title="Robert Montgomery (actor)">Robert Montgomery</a> </th> <td>1946–1947 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> </th> <td>1947–1952 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Pidgeon" title="Walter Pidgeon">Walter Pidgeon</a> </th> <td>1952–1957 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Ames" title="Leon Ames">Leon Ames</a> </th> <td>1957–1958 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Keel" title="Howard Keel">Howard Keel</a> </th> <td>1958–1959 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> </th> <td>1959–1960 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/George_Chandler" title="George Chandler">George Chandler</a> </th> <td>1960–1963 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dana_Andrews" title="Dana Andrews">Dana Andrews</a> </th> <td>1963–1965 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> </th> <td>1965–1971 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_Gavin" title="John Gavin">John Gavin</a> </th> <td>1971–1973 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Weaver" title="Dennis Weaver">Dennis Weaver</a> </th> <td>1973–1975 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Nolan" title="Kathleen Nolan">Kathleen Nolan</a> </th> <td>1975–1979 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/William_Schallert" title="William Schallert">William Schallert</a> </th> <td>1979–1981 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Asner" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Asner">Edward Asner</a> </th> <td>1981–1985 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Patty_Duke" title="Patty Duke">Patty Duke</a> </th> <td>1985–1988 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Gordon" title="Barry Gordon">Barry Gordon</a> </th> <td>1988–1995 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Masur" title="Richard Masur">Richard Masur</a> </th> <td>1995–1999 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/William_Daniels" title="William Daniels">William Daniels</a> </th> <td>1999–2001 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Gilbert" title="Melissa Gilbert">Melissa Gilbert</a> </th> <td>2001–2005 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rosenberg" title="Alan Rosenberg">Alan Rosenberg</a> </th> <td>2005–2009 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Howard" title="Ken Howard">Ken Howard</a> </th> <td>2009–2012 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Television_and_Radio_Artists" title="American Federation of Television and Radio Artists">American Federation of Television and Radio Artists</a> (AFTRA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAG_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="SAG Foundation">SAG Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="Screen Actors Guild Awards">Screen Actors Guild Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Screen_Guild_Theater" title="The Screen Guild Theater">The Screen Guild Theater</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OLMS_LM-2_2012-04-20-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OLMS_LM-2_2012-04-20_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OLMS_LM-2_2012-04-20_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">US Department of Labor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Labor-Management_Standards" title="Office of Labor-Management Standards">Office of Labor-Management Standards</a>. File number 000-113. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olmsapps.dol.gov/query/orgReport.do?rptId=495995&rptForm=LM2Form">Report</a> submitted April 20, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merger_press_release-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-merger_press_release_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-merger_press_release_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sagaftra.org/press-releases/march-30-2012/sag-aftra-members-approve-merger-form-sag-aftra">"SAG, AFTRA Members Approve Merger to Form SAG-AFTRA"</a> (Press release). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FiCore+Information&rft.pub=Fi-Core.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ficore.com%2Finfo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScreen+Actors+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bizparentz-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bizparentz_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizparentz.org/ficorefaq.html">"Fi-Core FAQ by Bizparentz.com"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130616074341/http://www.bizparentz.org/ficorefaq.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fi-Core+FAQ+by+Bizparentz.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizparentz.org%2Fficorefaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScreen+Actors+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sagaftraFiCore-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sagaftraFiCore_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sagaftraFiCore_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sagaftra.org/get-facts-about-financial-core">"Get The Facts About Financial Core"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lani+Minella+on+Fi-Core&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.voices.com%2Fvoxdaily%2F2008%2F07%2Ffinancial_core_vs_union.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScreen+Actors+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-daveCourvoisier-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-daveCourvoisier_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.courvo.biz/2008/04/for-those-interestedjust-a-bit-more-on-fi-core.html">"Dave Courvoisier on Fi-Core"</a>. April 4, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dave+Courvoisier+on+Fi-Core&rft.date=2008-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.courvo.biz%2F2008%2F04%2Ffor-those-interestedjust-a-bit-more-on-fi-core.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScreen+Actors+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ficoreResources-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ficoreResources_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ficore.com/resources.html">"Fi-Core.com - Resources"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130308043517/http://www.ficore.com/resources.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fi-Core.com+-+Resources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ficore.com%2Fresources.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScreen+Actors+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pirromount-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pirromount_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pirromount.com/how-to-go-financial-core/">"Mark Pirro on Fi-Core"</a>. April 19, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021200310/http://pirromount.com/how-to-go-financial-core/">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mark+Pirro+on+Fi-Core&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpirromount.com%2Fhow-to-go-financial-core%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScreen+Actors+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-woman's_committee-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-woman's_committee_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-woman's_committee_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120125115603/http://www.sag.org/content/womens-committee">"Women's Committee"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sag.org/content/womens-committee">the original</a> on January 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sag.org/content/womens-committee">the original</a> on May 14, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAG+History+%E2%80%93+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sag.org%2Fcontent%2Fwomens-committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScreen+Actors+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFL-CIO-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AFL-CIO_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120524093910/http://dpeaflcio.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Professional-Women-2010.pdf">"Professional Women: Vital Statistics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Department for Professional Employees, AFL-CIO. April 2010. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elle.com/Pop-Culture/Movies-TV-Music-Books/The-New-Generation-of-Female-Filmmakers">the original</a> on July 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Elle+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+New+Generation+of+Female+Filmmakers&rft.date=2009-10-21&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Ella&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elle.com%2FPop-Culture%2FMovies-TV-Music-Books%2FThe-New-Generation-of-Female-Filmmakers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScreen+Actors+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerin2009" class="citation web cs1">Merin, Jennifer (February 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://awfj.org/2009/02/28/women-on-film-women-on-film-martha-lauzens-2009-celluloid-ceiling-report-jennifer-merin-reports/">"Women on Film – Dr. Martha Lauzen's 2009 Celluloid Ceiling Report"</a>. Alliance of Women Film Journalists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726082846/http://awfj.org/2009/02/28/women-on-film-women-on-film-martha-lauzens-2009-celluloid-ceiling-report-jennifer-merin-reports/">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+on+Film+%E2%80%93+Dr.+Martha+Lauzen%27s+2009+Celluloid+Ceiling+Report&rft.pub=Alliance+of+Women+Film+Journalists&rft.date=2009-02-28&rft.aulast=Merin&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fawfj.org%2F2009%2F02%2F28%2Fwomen-on-film-women-on-film-martha-lauzens-2009-celluloid-ceiling-report-jennifer-merin-reports%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScreen+Actors+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDargis2009" class="citation news cs1">Dargis, Manohla (December 10, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/13/movies/13dargis.html">"Women in the Seats but Not Behind the Camera"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111202054901/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/13/movies/13dargis.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Women+in+the+Seats+but+Not+Behind+the+Camera&rft.date=2009-12-10&rft.aulast=Dargis&rft.aufirst=Manohla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F12%2F13%2Fmovies%2F13dargis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScreen+Actors+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-list-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-list_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sagaftra.org/about/our-history/sag-presidents">"SAG Presidents"</a>. <i>SAG–AFTRA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SAG%E2%80%93AFTRA&rft.atitle=SAG+Presidents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sagaftra.org%2Fabout%2Four-history%2Fsag-presidents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScreen+Actors+Guild" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Baar, K. Kevyne. " 'What Has My Union Done For Me?' The Screen Actors Guild, the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, and Actors' Equity Association Respond to McCarthy-Era Blacklisting." <i>Film History</i> (2008): 437–455. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27670745">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_Actors_Guild&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Screen_Actors_Guild" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Screen Actors Guild"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Screen Actors Guild</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" 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id="Presidents_of_the_Screen_Actors_Guild,_American_Federation_of_Television_and_Radio_Artists_and_SAG-AFTRA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Screen Actors Guild</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Television_and_Radio_Artists" title="American Federation of Television and Radio Artists">American Federation of Television and Radio Artists</a> and <a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SAG</a> Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Morgan" title="Ralph Morgan">Ralph Morgan</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> (1933–35)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)" title="Robert Montgomery (actor)">Robert Montgomery</a> (1935–38)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Morgan" title="Ralph Morgan">Ralph Morgan</a> (1938–40)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Arnold_(actor)" title="Edward Arnold (actor)">Edward Arnold</a> (1940–42)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a> (1942–44)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a> (1944–46)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)" title="Robert Montgomery (actor)">Robert Montgomery</a> (1946–47)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1947–52)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Pidgeon" title="Walter Pidgeon">Walter Pidgeon</a> (1952–57)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Ames" title="Leon Ames">Leon Ames</a> (1957–58)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Keel" title="Howard Keel">Howard Keel</a> (1958–59)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1959–60)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Chandler" title="George Chandler">George Chandler</a> (1960–63)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dana_Andrews" title="Dana Andrews">Dana Andrews</a> (1963–65)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> (1965–71)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Gavin" title="John Gavin">John Gavin</a> (1971–73)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Weaver" title="Dennis Weaver">Dennis Weaver</a> (1973–75)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Nolan" title="Kathleen Nolan">Kathleen Nolan</a> (1975–79)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Schallert" title="William Schallert">William Schallert</a> (1979–81)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Asner" title="Ed Asner">Ed Asner</a> (1981–85)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patty_Duke" title="Patty Duke">Patty Duke</a> (1985–88)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Gordon" title="Barry Gordon">Barry Gordon</a> (1988–95)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Masur" title="Richard Masur">Richard Masur</a> (1995–99)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Daniels" title="William Daniels">William Daniels</a> (1999–01)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Gilbert" title="Melissa Gilbert">Melissa Gilbert</a> (2001–05)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rosenberg" title="Alan Rosenberg">Alan Rosenberg</a> (2005–09)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Howard" title="Ken Howard">Ken Howard</a> (2009–12)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Television_and_Radio_Artists" title="American Federation of Television and Radio Artists">AFTRA</a> Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> (1937–40)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Tibbett" title="Lawrence Tibbett">Lawrence Tibbett</a> (1940–46)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Carpenter_(announcer)" title="Ken Carpenter (announcer)">Ken Carpenter</a> (1946–48)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bud_Collyer" title="Bud Collyer">Bud Collyer</a> (1948–50)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Knox_Manning" title="Knox Manning">Knox Manning</a> (1950–52)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bunce" title="Alan Bunce">Alan Bunce</a> (1952–54)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Nelson_(actor)" title="Frank Nelson (actor)">Frank Nelson</a> (1954–57)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bud_Collyer" title="Bud Collyer">Bud Collyer</a> (1957–59)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Payne" title="Virginia Payne">Virginia Payne</a> (1959–61)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Art_Gilmore" title="Art Gilmore">Art Gilmore</a> (1961–63)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vicki_Vola" title="Vicki Vola">Vicki Vola</a> (1963–65)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tyler_McVey" title="Tyler McVey">Tyler McVey</a> (1965–67)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brandt" title="Mel Brandt">Mel Brandt</a> (1967–70)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bill Baldwin (1970–73)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ken Harvey (1973–76)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Joe Slattery (1976–79)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bill Hillman (1979–84)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Maxwell" title="Frank Maxwell">Frank Maxwell</a> (1984–89)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Reed Farrell (1989–93)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Scott" title="Shelby Scott">Shelby Scott</a> (1993–01)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">John Connolly (2001–07)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Roberta Reardon (2007–12)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a> Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Howard" title="Ken Howard">Ken Howard</a> (2012–16)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Carteris" title="Gabrielle Carteris">Gabrielle Carteris</a> (2016–21)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran_Drescher" title="Fran Drescher">Fran Drescher</a> (2021–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Screen_Actors_Guild_(SAG)_Awards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ABCDEF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SAG_Awards_Chron" title="Template:SAG Awards Chron"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SAG_Awards_Chron" title="Template talk:SAG Awards Chron"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SAG_Awards_Chron" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SAG Awards Chron"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Screen_Actors_Guild_(SAG)_Awards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="Screen Actors Guild Awards">Screen Actors Guild (SAG) Awards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">Lifetime Achievement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Life_Achievement_Award" title="Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award">Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Cast_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture">Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Male_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role">Male Actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Female_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role">Female Actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Male_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role">Supporting Male Actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Female_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role">Supporting Female Actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Stunt_Ensemble_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture">Stunt Ensemble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_an_Ensemble_in_a_Drama_Series" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series">Cast – Drama Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Male_Actor_in_a_Drama_Series" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series">Male Actor – Drama Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Female_Actor_in_a_Drama_Series" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series">Female Actor – Drama Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_an_Ensemble_in_a_Comedy_Series" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series">Cast – Comedy Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Male_Actor_in_a_Comedy_Series" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series">Male Actor – Comedy Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Female_Actor_in_a_Comedy_Series" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series">Female Actor – Comedy Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Male_Actor_in_a_Miniseries_or_Television_Movie" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie">Male Actor – Miniseries or Television Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Female_Actor_in_a_Miniseries_or_Television_Movie" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie">Female Actor – Miniseries or Television Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Stunt_Ensemble_in_a_Television_Series" title="Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Television Series">Stunt Ensemble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">Ceremonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="1st Screen Actors Guild Awards">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="2nd Screen Actors Guild Awards">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="3rd Screen Actors Guild Awards">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="4th Screen Actors Guild Awards">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="5th Screen Actors Guild Awards">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="6th Screen Actors Guild Awards">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="7th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="8th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="9th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="10th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="11th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="12th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="13th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="14th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="15th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="16th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="17th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="18th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="19th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="20th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="21st Screen Actors Guild Awards">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="22nd Screen Actors Guild Awards">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="23rd Screen Actors Guild Awards">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="24th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="25th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="26th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="27th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="28th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="29th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards" title="30th Screen Actors Guild Awards">2023</a></li></ul> <ul><li>(years are of film release; ceremonies are the next year)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="AFL-CIO" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AFL-CIO" title="Template:AFL-CIO"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AFL-CIO" title="Template talk:AFL-CIO"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AFL-CIO" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AFL-CIO"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="AFL-CIO" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/AFL-CIO" title="AFL-CIO">AFL-CIO </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Meany" title="George Meany">George Meany</a> (1955–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_Kirkland" title="Lane Kirkland">Lane Kirkland</a> (1979–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Donahue" title="Thomas R. Donahue">Thomas R. Donahue</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sweeney_(labor_leader)" title="John Sweeney (labor leader)">John J. Sweeney</a> (1995–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Trumka" title="Richard Trumka">Richard Trumka</a> (2009–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Shuler" title="Liz Shuler">Liz Shuler</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_America%27s_Building_Trades_Unions" title="North America's Building Trades Unions">Building Trades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Trades_Department,_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Maritime Trades Department, AFL–CIO">Maritime Trades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_Trades_Department,_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Metal Trades Department, AFL–CIO">Metal Trades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Professional_Employees,_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO">Professional Employees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Trades_Department,_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Transportation Trades Department, AFL–CIO">Transportation Trades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Label_Department,_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Union Label Department, AFL–CIO">Union Label</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constituency groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph_Institute" title="A. Philip Randolph Institute">A. Philip Randolph Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Retired_Americans" title="Alliance for Retired Americans">Alliance for Retired Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Pacific_American_Labor_Alliance" title="Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance">Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_Black_Trade_Unionists" title="Coalition of Black Trade Unionists">Coalition of Black Trade Unionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_Labor_Union_Women" title="Coalition of Labor Union Women">Coalition of Labor Union Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Council_for_Latin_American_Advancement" title="Labor Council for Latin American Advancement">Labor Council for Latin American Advancement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_at_Work" title="Pride at Work">Pride at Work</a></li> <li>Union Veterans Council</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Allied organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Labor_Communications_Association" title="International Labor Communications Association">International Labor Communications Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Center" title="Solidarity Center">Solidarity Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_for_America_Institute" title="Working for America Institute">Working for America Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Allied groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Rights_at_Work" title="American Rights at Work">American Rights at Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">International Rescue Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labor_Committee" title="Jewish Labor Committee">Jewish Labor Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_and_Working-Class_History_Association" title="Labor and Working-Class History Association">Labor and Working-Class History Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_America" title="Working America">Working America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO_Employees_Federal_Credit_Union" title="AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union">AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labor_College" title="National Labor College">National Labor College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unions_affiliated_with_the_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="List of unions affiliated with the AFL–CIO">Affiliated unions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Actors_and_Artistes_of_America" title="Associated Actors and Artistes of America">AAAA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Guild_of_Musical_Artists" title="American Guild of Musical Artists">AGMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Guild_of_Variety_Artists" title="American Guild of Variety Artists">AGVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_of_Italian_American_Actors" title="Guild of Italian American Actors">GIAA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">AEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Government_Employees" title="American Federation of Government Employees">AFGE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Musicians" title="American Federation of Musicians">AFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_School_Administrators" title="American Federation of School Administrators">AFSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_State,_County_and_Municipal_Employees" title="American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees">AFSCME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Teachers" title="American Federation of Teachers">AFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Line_Pilots_Association,_International" title="Air Line Pilots Association, International">ALPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Postal_Workers_Union" title="American Postal Workers Union">APWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Radio_Association" title="American Radio Association">ARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Train_Dispatchers_Association" title="American Train Dispatchers Association">ATDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Transit_Union" title="Amalgamated Transit Union">ATU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Heat_and_Frost_Insulators_and_Allied_Workers" title="International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Allied Workers">AWIU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Bricklayers_and_Allied_Craftworkers" title="International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers">BAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakery,_Confectionery,_Tobacco_Workers_and_Grain_Millers_International_Union" title="Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers International Union">BCTGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Railroad_Signalmen" title="Brotherhood of Railroad Signalmen">BRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_School_Employees_Association" title="California School Employees Association">CSEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Workers_of_America" title="Communications Workers of America">CWA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Flight_Attendants" title="Association of Flight Attendants">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Electrical_Workers" title="International Union of Electrical Workers">IUE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Broadcast_Employees_and_Technicians" title="National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians">NABET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing,_Publishing_and_Media_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="Printing, Publishing and Media Workers">PPMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsGuild-CWA" title="NewsGuild-CWA">TNG</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NewsGuild-CWA_Locals" title="List of NewsGuild-CWA Locals">Locals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Labor_Organizing_Committee" title="Farm Labor Organizing Committee">FLOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass,_Molders,_Pottery,_Plastics_and_Allied_Workers_International_Union" title="Glass, Molders, Pottery, Plastics and Allied Workers International Union">GMPIU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Fire_Fighters" title="International Association of Fire Fighters">IAFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Machinists_and_Aerospace_Workers" title="International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers">IAM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Federal_Employees" title="National Federation of Federal Employees">NFFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Communications_International_Union" title="Transportation Communications International Union">TCIU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Theatrical_Stage_Employees" title="International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees">IATSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Boilermakers,_Iron_Ship_Builders,_Blacksmiths,_Forgers_and_Helpers" title="International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths, Forgers and Helpers">IBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Electrical_Workers" title="International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers">IBEW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Professional_and_Technical_Engineers" title="International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers">IFPTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Longshoremen%27s_Association" title="International Longshoremen's Association">ILA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Bridge,_Structural,_Ornamental_and_Reinforcing_Iron_Workers" title="International Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers">Ironworkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Allied_Novelty_and_Production_Workers" title="International Union of Allied Novelty and Production Workers">IUANPW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Elevator_Constructors" title="International Union of Elevator Constructors">IUEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Operating_Engineers" title="International Union of Operating Engineers">IUOE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Police_Associations" title="International Union of Police Associations">IUPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Painters_and_Allied_Trades" title="International Union of Painters and Allied Trades">IUPAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laborers%27_International_Union_of_North_America" title="Laborers' International Union of North America">LIUNA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Postal_Mail_Handlers_Union" title="National Postal Mail Handlers Union">NPMHU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Engineers%27_Beneficial_Association" title="Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association">MEBA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Aviation_Safety_Specialists" title="Professional Aviation Safety Specialists">PASS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Letter_Carriers" title="National Association of Letter Carriers">NALC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Air_Traffic_Controllers_Association" title="National Air Traffic Controllers Association">NATCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_Players_Association" title="National Football League Players Association">NFLPA/FPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Nurses_United" title="National Nurses United">NNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Taxi_Workers%27_Alliance" title="National Taxi Workers' Alliance">NTWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League_Players_Association" title="National Women's Soccer League Players Association">NWSLPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operative_Plasterers%27_and_Cement_Masons%27_International_Association" title="Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association">OPCMIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_and_Professional_Employees_International_Union" title="Office and Professional Employees International Union">OPEIU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Plate_Printers,_Die_Stampers_and_Engravers_Union_of_North_America" title="International Plate Printers, Die Stampers and Engravers Union of North America">Printers & Engravers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafarers_International_Union_of_North_America" title="Seafarers International Union of North America">SIU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Sheet_Metal,_Air,_Rail_and_Transportation_Workers" title="International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail and Transportation Workers">SMART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Workers_Union_of_America" title="Transport Workers Union of America">TWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Association" title="United Association">UA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">UAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Food_and_Commercial_Workers" title="United Food and Commercial Workers">UFCW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distillery,_Wine_and_Allied_Workers%27_International_Union" title="Distillery, Wine and Allied Workers' International Union">DWAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail,_Wholesale_and_Department_Store_Union" title="Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union">RWDSU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Mine_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="United Mine Workers">UMWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNITE_HERE" title="UNITE HERE">UNITE HERE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Steelworkers" title="United Steelworkers">USW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Union_of_Roofers,_Waterproofers_and_Allied_Workers" title="United Union of Roofers, Waterproofers and Allied Workers">UURWAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_Workers_Union_of_America" title="Utility Workers Union of America">UWUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_East" title="Writers Guild of America, East">WGAE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State federations and <br />central labor councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>California (<a href="/wiki/South_Bay_Labor_Council" title="South Bay Labor Council">South Bay</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Florida AFL–CIO">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Indiana AFL–CIO">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Maine AFL–CIO">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Massachusetts AFL–CIO">Massachusetts</a></li> <li>New York (<a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Central_Labor_Council" title="New York City Central Labor Council">New York City</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Oregon AFL–CIO">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Pennsylvania AFL–CIO">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="Rhode Island AFL–CIO">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Labor_Council" title="Washington State Labor Council">Washington State</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_County_Labor_Council" title="King County Labor Council">King</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_AFL%E2%80%93CIO" title="West Virginia AFL–CIO">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Labor" title="American Federation of Labor">American Federation of Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Industrial_Organizations" title="Congress of Industrial Organizations">Congress of Industrial Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directly_affiliated_local_union" title="Directly affiliated local union">Directly affiliated local union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141037#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141037#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141037#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000107466362">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/156473024">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1041405537">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80161606">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36542000">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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