CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91991f993eb14947',cH: '5A4cOolkx1QN71ognqBNubTWFQTKUfOEWXo9TkBrURc-1740837026-1.2.1.1-qL9MtktqMbA.c6sNQiDMc.juvFTt7L0vyajK9GsiQFpN7g7x13hIZhsnpIw7iktm',cUPMDTk: "\/12864\/chicago?__cf_chl_tk=TrtYY4UmnV7TJQuptIZSnIXZlDzLIl_p03spaX1tK0c-1740837026-1.0.1.1-OTBeeNaB.6vKYW8l7tLrFhlDo585uDJ4T3PSoOoEDcE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740837026',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/12864\/chicago?__cf_chl_f_tk=TrtYY4UmnV7TJQuptIZSnIXZlDzLIl_p03spaX1tK0c-1740837026-1.0.1.1-OTBeeNaB.6vKYW8l7tLrFhlDo585uDJ4T3PSoOoEDcE",md: ".YmkoZLRoKvx..XveSL2JxoGdO6Rlo8mAukrSkPNLXk-1740837026-1.2.1.1-Fmy8aLPetadujcgsL.VCZ54kaVP9PGGi4nRZUmPcb0oinEaKF4xp25PDd1D2M0lbbg3MhB2Tebc9sdzQ0827KiPZZneTVTPGOUPu1t2u4zgCGjuUg05GfmhjJlqR2iECgS2etelxKeINJfPA8aNJ9Wd1SoNGyRdkhBq1627N5bTqjPAO2YjBPs4_zZjOaryzl7XTPtlUhA7gd.9.NTS.acPKADMwYXk27IW792lL2aEsatgp_NDKY2xGMSk1UbkmZb8xZ2EVm4ovH9SoprEB5F8.uaOxbo1lZ8MDhHEsN6.hQ.1gOA0hQV.ST0.NgInYNzLRcHcqK62uWy.zvCX_rtQurHDn0vxrErdynB6UxS4GKk_HblzAQVJqwhbvyeg1iLdP47uUwy4bQOWme_oyPQMontasY3wMAxwIOgatpcTzLi5NSAQn9e9crQUljJhStdyZShCEQ82La7SuwmHuPRCabikXUXVC5adz9yH_KH40GOn9aVnjycXXka1Y_w5MAEUVtvAnL12Lf8j24SWul4NM9f5zbeU7kEDxnC_XUvd87O.Xl22afsVhqQuAA7UNk3BS3CXIunsT6csIB7q1gRtj.sHUIC3NtqHUfWMoVI5cFrYDCcaG0OvPA_efSaajKh9Ab8IgDoMiAocmOfZvifVe7GnrVT3J95CJGsddEja8HM_yiNfFuMC0vtyHPFH85mbtlqqX5SexzfLwuJFQVsBXOF3U.mgcj13dy8htlWMQcIuyWFTlOLWD44_PRd6yamWV12IcixjrEQ2W3wTpEU_Wf1rb72ru_mJW6BwCLeOCzu1tESxr.CsA7q1ZsSgjAGiCvjdSu7RelCLcgJvp7.Z8tpHcdUy9XJCwJvb304y.Y3W4IvEQC1B4Khr0c3Mnxu7Kk1XS7Iz7Jtlup98EUMp14NfqtwLmuXWwS.U3kFGadjKVC5W4FUqEynDgHVHW4dZCeljfM1Qm0SwZu5lPyteAr9US0J3ijC2EG.ByFXlsOQ3rfokJzqOx8BbbDXY22.frUZbsoJh5FrYXCxRzLuXq0eSLzkSUZd6L3k36lroJC.dgWtMbCeI7BU.bs9LQ9BLWA5tOG7nmT2AO89RBZhqZvTyw0o9MuMN5CO9VQeDlYXU6KDgIqD28SynZd1zT9KWLDro1cB56M07RdmJre_gX0EjcBReduNUaD.yrBfdaAlOh43ltdppFRyDMTO1GPRk_KDBtj6rZyZofJcr0kg",mdrd: "Y2He6Y79.I5f6dJmte_O3D4yeqJHTwf1.zhi8y8.FmU-1740837026-1.2.1.1-M5LBWBx0mCK4C0rRvzMB1xChZDlLCqGbYz_6EgVr1ubCCRXIyJruH7AbLjvpI91T110heJzH8ZlN6pb8zCn7aE146H3a45ZNIn6hk7yXbfZLWf8pCactk4VwJ_IgnbDmiCSD4cLp3IISv9InE2Nb_dDRuDXMEVajP2ltwMV.YrxE8F_pXV1a1XVFfLM9eMLNmByLuy68O_NDtJtdK.eFU_Y.o27WoR7SnxYyliqwAs2Xd_k7w6I0tccn0hfjsCEe2hppoIG1WHa1_O6lhAJcOc9GZ0tqmuEnGJYcnhILk.1akFlES3PiK0JBb8Ti4iIEc4.j9sjA7G8NTd0iWosS1zPqYaTWUh37REJTio67S5vEAwb5MiuvSYywiifOx8.d3UXcsp.LMiMgRXzlPv7THx_tRUVjEX8QVCv5_sobMbMPsDbK5.tIJFfIn5Y19NehPVOzVCC80Y0kLORCnQTK29cT6wnp9kg_RIpItmwI03Rtw7e1Vrb0OJ8L4EC.rocW8fXzdi72gAZUut6fNTyt1NjylWV_aCF.S1hFNqKXHYxaibyEsqcyr_d.OcfIDEVHdWXKW0y2S42jxF6.x6V.bwkL53rX.W8sHztaBlN4mER0eK9hVZ.WitY.2_RoBvzkUneVEuaeJUS836MSSS7K2NAPKXp42AJy.evEk7w1lrZdIe_pRwehFVD.m.SefFTEZkGB2yT.XL2TCFw9yFhZNSAnrP04xi6es6pmSXEQZ_EBdScMKM.O3uHJEbLrS5bvxuMButvlbvSrRawwiCL2e2hSMw_zXWTTbk8SV6jLs0lWqV621F_pWbDXOgWpaIBmp6hsGG8.jIFmZrcyd0HHLVQIBXXdJqswgTygyRq_YsmaZ.w7VZutzsshmnOIg7FJciegJSOru74pB7phvQ21qllpnyNFMZQNvDCJrEx2K09rYeZ4ohnP89rOOB1SnHUsYnRfvlrc3_ZKwUBn0I.Fi6zzlfJ9jLkOIc9uQ1zLMAopgbDnNwcAOUaDuJZd9fPfigakbncdvWnOnbxcfDD10mNJUm.0Q_pkOcrbn8UAEtgsIoUvVwFR8TgTWsYuhriHLSGXbWGrRDbjXw9ZkDvPZgmmvtFCB9OE9b6xSZ5mIzH5JoKYtKpdp5JzjWklkoCmSzrDleU9EW8vupk7253RGF2QR1_tAoE4yvaqcUXiLa3ZEvX_qNGyGNCk4IrcSvRPKbN50r8KtNR9O0gnTKZY71O05MwK7qqkaXS.O4qo_1mJAmDe3tZx7hes4HneNSDtAeSFCMqbkTGDDlKU_S_YS4y4CpXx83ILQrvNJuLrJcTNDUXSYYXEmLhzQtuNOegiyywtWCX3Pj7uEWGVQQUuAdHnjMaYoH4Wfu0mf5IC11qLWAomrjCHSbJPyOJ11qltqnGkYEaNj9BgqHqG4aawrs2WnmRst67eP.ABNCQvG6oehHw98Ln8xRBjYXRCGbpeAhhlAE6Nf1tsKCOX5lOiIP2haEbzEVVmculeM26NK1e4pcf9r6lYUIkL8pS8BrTBGwFnt9MhnY3fMDfEEg5XZ_yysERN4J4lGHrtfl2xIuMbqy6hi2hvz6G0_pjyQNnXx34g18fMoLAAlxb5kA2gruFqSaD0t3S93f.xjryPAg6si.OAHlTHS4BavvOINfcbXasGPRYeqGrAL4IkR03Oc32z9Tvg.2TkkA_trhFMQJGGWNitfdQN5KSa1jzb6YHAqTCpGTB6cG67M.Z6Vv5.lwgFctwizukfv7flNBcOTUj5YsOn7rLbZaDfL5fC8ABfS3otO9cxsMmoqCLZMKdwbgW4sHeqwz9Dk9lPm4MvwGe1F5XVglYjRjp.GT34QtF9l1yBxa4kxC4CeQUs1mDp6eG0W7Rv90MGGsflUbQ5MkTY4R2R8Z51Q4wTCf6H7ktVawE2ZMLZRPBL86eTQ96A2udWDXSQINi2eLj022ucLlNuT11.ZUqi2qcyutWrypC7"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91991f993eb14947';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/12864\/chicago?__cf_chl_rt_tk=TrtYY4UmnV7TJQuptIZSnIXZlDzLIl_p03spaX1tK0c-1740837026-1.0.1.1-OTBeeNaB.6vKYW8l7tLrFhlDo585uDJ4T3PSoOoEDcE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>