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<span><i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clostridioides_difficile_infection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hepatic_encephalopathy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hepatic_encephalopathy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Hepatic encephalopathy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hepatic_encephalopathy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_caution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_caution"> <div 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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pharmacology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pharmacology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mechanism_of_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism_of_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Mechanism of action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism_of_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Availability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Availability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Availability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Availability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rifaximin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ريفاكسيمين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريفاكسيمين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ریفاوکسیمین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریفاوکسیمین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaximina" title="Rifaximina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rifaximina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaximin" title="Rifaximin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rifaximin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Ριφαξιμίνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ριφαξιμίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaximina" title="Rifaximina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rifaximina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ریفاکسیمین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریفاکسیمین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaximine" title="Rifaximine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rifaximine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%8C%8D%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%BC" title="리팍시민 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리팍시민" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaximina" title="Rifaximina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rifaximina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaximin" title="Rifaximin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rifaximin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рифаксимин – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рифаксимин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3" title="リファキシミン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リファキシミン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8" title="ରିଫାକ୍ସିମିନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରିଫାକ୍ସିମିନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryfaksymina" title="Ryfaksymina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ryfaksymina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaximin%C4%83" title="Rifaximină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rifaximină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaksimin" title="Rifaksimin – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Rifaksimin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaksimin" title="Rifaksimin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rifaksimin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaksimiini" title="Rifaksimiini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rifaksimiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaksimin" title="Rifaksimin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rifaksimin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Рифаксимін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рифаксимін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaximin" title="Rifaximin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rifaximin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E6%98%94%E6%98%8E" title="利福昔明 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="利福昔明" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q416073#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Rifaximin">Rifaximin</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rifaximin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Rifaximin.svg/300px-Rifaximin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Rifaximin.svg/450px-Rifaximin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Rifaximin.svg/600px-Rifaximin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="658" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rifaximin_ball-and-stick.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rifaximin_ball-and-stick.png/300px-Rifaximin_ball-and-stick.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rifaximin_ball-and-stick.png/450px-Rifaximin_ball-and-stick.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rifaximin_ball-and-stick.png/600px-Rifaximin_ball-and-stick.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1240" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Xifaxan, Zaxine, Xifaxanta, Normix, others<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/rifaximin.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="medlineplus.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a604027.html">a604027</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy<br />category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> B1</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">By mouth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A07" title="ATC code A07">A07AA11</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=A07AA11">WHO</a></span>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D06" title="ATC code D06">D06AX11</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=D06AX11">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_G51" class="mw-redirect" title="ATC code G51">QG51AA06</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no/atcvet"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QG51AA06">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J51" class="mw-redirect" title="ATC code J51">QJ51XX01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no/atcvet"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ51XX01">WHO</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr></small>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug"> ℞-only</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">℞-only</a><sup id="cite_ref-Xifaxan_FDA_label_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xifaxan_FDA_label-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In general: ℞ (Prescription only)</li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">< 0.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">Liver</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination <span class="nowrap">half-life</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">6 hours</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Fecal (97%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">(2<i>S</i>,16<i>Z</i>,18<i>E</i>,20<i>S</i>,21<i>S</i>,22<i>R</i>,23<i>R</i>,24<i>R</i>,25<i>S</i>,26<i>S</i>,27<i>S</i>,28<i>E</i>)-5,6,21,23,25-pentahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca-[1,11,13]trienimino)benzofuro<br />[4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]-benzimida-zole-1,15(2<i>H</i>)-dione,25-acetate</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=80621-81-4">80621-81-4</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6436173">6436173</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01220">DB01220</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10482302.html">10482302</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/L36O5T016N">L36O5T016N</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D02554">D02554</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:75246">CHEBI:75246</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1617">ChEMBL1617</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID7045998">DTXSID7045998</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416073#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.111.624">100.111.624</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416073#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>43</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>51</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>3</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>11</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002785891000000000♠"></span>785.891</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=CC%28%3DO%29O%5BC%40H%5D3%5BC%40H%5D%28C%29%5BC%40H%5D%28O%29%5BC%40H%5D%28C%29%5BC%40%40H%5D%28O%29%5BC%40%40H%5D%28C%29%5CC%3DC%5CC%3DC%28%5CC%29C%28%3DO%29Nc6c2c%28nc1cc%28C%29ccn12%29c5c4C%28%3DO%29%5BC%40%40%5D%28C%29%28O%2FC%3DC%2F%5BC%40H%5D%28OC%29%5BC%40H%5D3C%29Oc4c%28C%29c%28O%29c5c6O">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">200 to 205 °C (392 to 401 °F) (dec.)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">CC(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C(\C)C(=O)Nc6c2c(nc1cc(C)ccn12)c5c4C(=O)[C@@](C)(O/C=C/[C@H](OC)[C@H]3C)Oc4c(C)c(O)c5c6O</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C43H51N3O11/c1-19-14-16-46-28(18-19)44-32-29-30-37(50)25(7)40-31(29)41(52)43(9,57-40)55-17-15-27(54-10)22(4)39(56-26(8)47)24(6)36(49)23(5)35(48)20(2)12-11-13-21(3)42(53)45-33(34(32)46)38(30)51/h11-18,20,22-24,27,35-36,39,48-51H,1-10H3,(H,45,53)/b12-11+,17-15+,21-13-/t20-,22+,23+,24+,27-,35-,36+,39+,43-/m0/s1<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:NZCRJKRKKOLAOJ-XRCRFVBUSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">(what is this?)</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">  <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=464382444&page2=Rifaximin">(verify)</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rifaximin,</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">non-absorbable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antibiotic" title="Broad-spectrum antibiotic">broad spectrum antibiotic</a> mainly used to treat <a href="/wiki/Travelers%27_diarrhea" title="Travelers' diarrhea">travelers' diarrhea</a>. It is based on the <a href="/wiki/Rifamycin" title="Rifamycin">rifamycin</a> antibiotics family. Since its approval in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> in 1987, it has been licensed in over more than 30 countries for the treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal diseases like <a href="/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome" title="Irritable bowel syndrome">irritable bowel syndrome</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hepatic_encephalopathy" title="Hepatic encephalopathy">hepatic encephalopathy</a>. It acts by inhibiting RNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria by binding to the <a href="/wiki/RNA_polymerase" title="RNA polymerase">RNA polymerase</a> enzyme. This binding blocks translocation, which stops <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(biology)" title="Transcription (biology)">transcription.</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is marketed under the brand name Xifaxan by <a href="/wiki/Salix_Pharmaceuticals" title="Salix Pharmaceuticals">Salix Pharmaceuticals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Travelers'_diarrhea"><span id="Travelers.27_diarrhea"></span>Travelers' diarrhea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Travelers' diarrhea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rifaximin is used to treat <a href="/wiki/Travelers%27_diarrhea" title="Travelers' diarrhea">travelers' diarrhea</a> (TD) caused by <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">E. coli</a></i> bacteria in adults and children at least 12 years of age. It treats travelers' diarrhea by stopping the growth of the bacteria that cause diarrhea. Rifaximin will not work to treat travelers' diarrhea that is bloody or occurs with fever.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irritable_bowel_syndrome">Irritable bowel syndrome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Irritable bowel syndrome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rifaximin is used for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome" title="Irritable bowel syndrome">irritable bowel syndrome</a> (IBS). It possesses anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, and is a nonabsorbable antibiotic that acts locally in the gut. These properties make it efficacious in relieving chronic functional symptoms of non-<a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipation</a> type IBS.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26753693_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26753693-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It appears to retain its therapeutic properties for this indication, even after repeated courses.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27149541_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27149541-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid29605976_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29605976-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is particularly indicated where <a href="/wiki/Small_intestine_bacterial_overgrowth" class="mw-redirect" title="Small intestine bacterial overgrowth">small intestine bacterial overgrowth</a> is suspected of involvement in a person's IBS. Symptom relief or improvement can be obtained for global IBS symptoms, including: abdominal pain, <a href="/wiki/Flatulence" title="Flatulence">flatulence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloating" title="Bloating">bloating</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">stool</a> consistency. A drawback is that repeated courses may be necessary for relapse of symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid29605976_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29605976-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid26089696_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26089696-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clostridioides_difficile_infection"><i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Clostridioides difficile infection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rifaximin may also be a useful addition to <a href="/wiki/Vancomycin" title="Vancomycin">vancomycin</a> when treating patients with relapsing <a href="/wiki/C._difficile_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="C. difficile infection"><i>C. difficile</i> infection</a> (CDI).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17304459_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17304459-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid21948965_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21948965-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the quality of evidence of these studies was judged to be low.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid28257555_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28257555-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because exposure to rifamycins in the past may increase risk for resistance, rifaximin should be avoided in such cases.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hepatic_encephalopathy">Hepatic encephalopathy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hepatic encephalopathy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rifaximin is used to prevent episodes of hepatic encephalopathy (changes in thinking, behavior, and personality caused by a build-up of toxins in the brain in people who have liver disease) in adults who have liver disease. It treats hepatic encephalopathy (HE) by stopping the growth of bacteria that produce toxins and that may worsen the liver disease. Although high-quality evidence is still lacking, it appears to be as effective as, or more effective than, other available treatments for hepatic encephalopathy (such as <a href="/wiki/Lactulose" title="Lactulose">lactulose</a>), is better tolerated, and may work faster.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26089696_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26089696-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It prevents reoccurring encephalopathy and is associated with high patient satisfaction. People are more compliant and satisfied to take this medication than any other due to minimal side effects, prolonged remission, and overall cost.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drawbacks are increased cost, and lack of robust clinical trials for HE without combination lactulose therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other uses include treatment of: <a href="/wiki/Infectious_diarrhea" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious diarrhea">infectious diarrhea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Small_intestinal_bacterial_overgrowth" title="Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth">small intestinal bacterial overgrowth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_disease" title="Inflammatory bowel disease">inflammatory bowel disease</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diverticular_disease" title="Diverticular disease">diverticular disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid26089696_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26089696-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is effective in treating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth regardless of whether it is associated with irritable bowel syndrome or not.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26202193_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26202193-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also shown efficacy with <a href="/wiki/Rosacea" title="Rosacea">rosacea</a>, ocular rosacea which also presents as <a href="/wiki/Dry_eyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry eyes">dry eyes</a> for patients with co-occurrence with <a href="/wiki/Small_intestinal_bacterial_overgrowth" title="Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth">small intestinal bacterial overgrowth</a> (SIBO).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_caution">Special caution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Special caution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Patients should avoid rifaximin if they are allergic to any of <a href="/wiki/Rifabutin" title="Rifabutin">rifabutin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isoniazid/rifampicin" title="Isoniazid/rifampicin">rifampin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rifapentine" title="Rifapentine">rifapentine</a>. It may cause <a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">attenuated vaccines</a> (such as typhoid vaccine) not to work well. Health-care professionals should be informed about its usage before receiving <a href="/wiki/Immunization" title="Immunization">immunization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid rifaximin: it is a <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">pregnancy category C</a> drug and can harm the <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caution is required in persons with <a href="/wiki/Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a> who have a <a href="/wiki/Child%E2%80%93Pugh_score" title="Child–Pugh score">Child–Pugh score</a> of C.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26089696_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26089696-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_effects">Side effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Side effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rifaximin has an excellent safety profile due to its lack of systemic absorption. Clinical trials did not show any serious adverse events while using the drug. There were no deaths while using it in the clinical trials.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27149541_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27149541-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid29605976_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29605976-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most common side effects include <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_pain" title="Abdominal pain">stomach pain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dizziness" title="Dizziness">dizziness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatigue" title="Fatigue">fatigue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Headaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Headaches">headaches</a>, muscle tightening and <a href="/wiki/Arthralgia" title="Arthralgia">joint pain</a>. It may also cause reddish discoloration of urine.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most serious side effects of rifaximin are: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_infection" title="Clostridioides difficile infection">Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea</a> (CDAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimicrobial_resistance" title="Antimicrobial resistance">Drug-resistant bacterial superinfection</a></li> <li>Severe allergic reactions including <a href="/wiki/Hives" title="Hives">hives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rash" title="Rash">rashes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Itch" title="Itch">itching</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As rifaximin is not significantly absorbed from the gut, the great majority of this drug's interactions are negligible in people with healthy liver function, so healthcare providers usually do not worry about drug interactions unless liver impairment is present.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27149541_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27149541-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may decrease the effectiveness of <a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">warfarin</a>, a commonly prescribed anticoagulant, in people with liver problems.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pharmacology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rifaximin is a <a href="/wiki/Semisynthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Semisynthetic">semisynthetic</a> broad spectrum antibacterial drug, derived through chemical modification of the natural antibiotic <a href="/wiki/Rifamycin" title="Rifamycin">rifamycin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid_6526730_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid_6526730-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has very low <a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">bioavailability</a> due to its poor absorption after oral administration. Because of this local action within the gut and the lack of horizontal transfer of resistance genes, the development of <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterial resistance">bacterial resistance</a> is rare, and most of the drug taken orally stays in the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a> where the infection takes place.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mechanism of action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rifaximin interferes with <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription (genetics)">transcription</a> by binding to the β-subunit of bacterial <a href="/wiki/RNA_polymerase" title="RNA polymerase">RNA polymerase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26089696_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26089696-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This results in the blockage of the translocation step that normally follows the formation of the first <a href="/wiki/Phosphodiester_bond" title="Phosphodiester bond">phosphodiester bond</a>, which occurs in the transcription process.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This in turn results in a reduction of bacteria populations, including gas-producing bacteria, which may reduce <a href="/wiki/Mucosal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucosal">mucosal</a> inflammation, <a href="/wiki/Epithelial" class="mw-redirect" title="Epithelial">epithelial</a> dysfunction, and <a href="/wiki/Visceral_hypersensitivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Visceral hypersensitivity">visceral hypersensitivity</a>. Rifaximin has broad spectrum antibacterial properties against both <a href="/wiki/Gram_positive" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram positive">gram positive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gram_negative" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram negative">gram negative</a> <a href="/wiki/Anaerobic_organism" title="Anaerobic organism">anaerobic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aerobic_bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerobic bacteria">aerobic bacteria</a>. As a result of <a href="/wiki/Bile_acid" title="Bile acid">bile acid</a> solubility, its antibacterial action is limited mostly to the <a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">small intestine</a> and less so the <a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">colon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26089696_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26089696-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A resetting of the bacterial composition has also been suggested as a possible mechanism of action for relief of IBS symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26618924_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26618924-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, rifaximin may have a direct anti-inflammatory effect on gut mucosa via modulation of the <a href="/wiki/Pregnane_X_receptor" title="Pregnane X receptor">pregnane X receptor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26618924_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26618924-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other mechanisms for its therapeutic properties include inhibition of bacterial translocation across the <a href="/wiki/Epithelial_lining" class="mw-redirect" title="Epithelial lining">epithelial lining</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Intestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestine">intestine</a>, inhibition of adherence of bacteria to the <a href="/wiki/Epithelial_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Epithelial cells">epithelial cells</a>, and a reduction in the expression of <a href="/wiki/Proinflammatory_cytokines" class="mw-redirect" title="Proinflammatory cytokines">proinflammatory cytokines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26576135_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26576135-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Availability">Availability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Availability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, Salix Pharmaceuticals holds a US Patent for rifaximin and markets the drug under the name Xifaxan.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to receiving FDA approval for travelers' diarrhea and (marketing approved for)<sup id="cite_ref-accessdata.fda.gov_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accessdata.fda.gov-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hepatic encephalopathy, rifaximin received FDA approval for IBS in May 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No generic formulation is available in the US and none has appeared due to the fact that the FDA approval process was ongoing. If rifaximin receives full FDA approval for hepatic encephalopathy it is likely that Salix will maintain marketing exclusivity and be protected from generic formulations until 24 March 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-accessdata.fda.gov_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accessdata.fda.gov-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, a patent dispute with <a href="/wiki/Teva_Pharmaceutical_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Teva Pharmaceutical Industries">Teva</a> was settled which delayed a generic in the United States, with the patent set to expire in 2029.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rifaximin is approved in 33 countries for GI disorders.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 August 2013, Health Canada issued a Notice of Compliance to Salix Pharmaceuticals Inc. for the drug product Zaxine.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India, it is available under the brand names Ciboz and Xifapill.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Russia and Ukraine the drug is sold under the name Alfa Normix (Альфа Нормикс), and under the name Flonorm in Mexico, produced by Alfa Wassermann S.p.A. (Italy).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the FDA approved a similar drug by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmos_Pharmaceuticals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmos Pharmaceuticals (page does not exist)">Cosmos Pharmaceuticals</a> called Aemcolo for traveler's diarrhea.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/international/rifaximin.html">"Rifaximin international"</a>. <i>Drugs.com</i>. 2 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FDA+approves+two+therapies+to+treat+IBS-D&rft.pub=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2FNewsEvents%2FNewsroom%2FPressAnnouncements%2Fucm448328.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifaximin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinnane" class="citation web cs1">Linnane C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/bausch-health-stock-soars-86-premarket-on-news-of-patent-settlement-2018-09-12">"Bausch Health stock soars 8.6% premarket on news of patent settlement"</a>. <i>MarketWatch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MarketWatch&rft.atitle=Bausch+Health+stock+soars+8.6%25+premarket+on+news+of+patent+settlement&rft.aulast=Linnane&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Fbausch-health-stock-soars-86-premarket-on-news-of-patent-settlement-2018-09-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifaximin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salix.com/about-us/investors/">"Investors | Salix Pharmaceuticals"</a>. <i>www.salix.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.salix.com&rft.atitle=Investors+%26%23124%3B+Salix+Pharmaceuticals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salix.com%2Fabout-us%2Finvestors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifaximin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodpharma/sbd-smd/drug-med/sbd_smd_2013_zaxine_161256-eng.php">"Summary Basis of Decision (SBD): Zaxine"</a>. Government of Canada, Health Canada, Health Products and Food Branch, Therapeutic Products Directorate, Bureau of Gastroenterology Infection and Viral Diseases. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+Basis+of+Decision+%28SBD%29%3A+Zaxine&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada%2C+Health+Canada%2C+Health+Products+and+Food+Branch%2C+Therapeutic+Products+Directorate%2C+Bureau+of+Gastroenterology+Infection+and+Viral+Diseases&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hc-sc.gc.ca%2Fdhp-mps%2Fprodpharma%2Fsbd-smd%2Fdrug-med%2Fsbd_smd_2013_zaxine_161256-eng.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifaximin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zydushealthcare.com/brands/">"Brands"</a>. <i>Zydus Healthcare Limited</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zydus+Healthcare+Limited.&rft.atitle=Brands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zydushealthcare.com%2Fbrands%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifaximin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ipindia.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/IPOJournal/1_451_1/CLASS_1-5.pdf">"Trade Marks Journal"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Government of India, Trade Mark Registry. 20 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trade+Marks+Journal&rft.pub=The+Government+of+India%2C+Trade+Mark+Registry&rft.date=2017-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fipindia.gov.in%2Fwritereaddata%2FPortal%2FIPOJournal%2F1_451_1%2FCLASS_1-5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifaximin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rusmedserv.com/lekarstva/alfa-normiks.html">"Alfa Normix"</a>. <i>Russian medical server</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Russian+medical+server&rft.atitle=Alfa+Normix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusmedserv.com%2Flekarstva%2Falfa-normiks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifaximin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fiercepharma.com/marketing/cosmo-to-give-bausch-health-sales-a-run-latest-fda-nod-for-xifaxan-rival">"Cosmo to give Bausch Health a run for its money with FDA nod for Xifaxan rival"</a>. <i>FiercePharma</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FiercePharma&rft.atitle=Cosmo+to+give+Bausch+Health+a+run+for+its+money+with+FDA+nod+for+Xifaxan+rival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiercepharma.com%2Fmarketing%2Fcosmo-to-give-bausch-health-sales-a-run-latest-fda-nod-for-xifaxan-rival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifaximin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Template:Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory and anti-infective agents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antidiarrheals,_intestinal_anti-inflammatory_and_anti-infective_agents" title="Template talk:Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory and anti-infective agents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antidiarrheals,_intestinal_anti-inflammatory_and_anti-infective_agents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory and anti-infective agents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antidiarrheals,_intestinal_anti-inflammatory_and_anti-infective_agents_(A07)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antidiarrhoeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidiarrhoeal">Antidiarrheals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intestinal" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestinal">intestinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-infective" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-infective">anti-infective</a> agents (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A07" title="ATC code A07">A07</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rehydration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oral_rehydration_therapy" title="Oral rehydration therapy">Oral rehydration therapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intestinal anti-infectives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antibacterial" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibacterial">Antibiotics</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphotericin_B" title="Amphotericin B">Amphotericin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colistin" title="Colistin">Colistin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidaxomicin" title="Fidaxomicin">Fidaxomicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanamycin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanamycin">Kanamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natamycin" title="Natamycin">Natamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomycin" title="Neomycin">Neomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nystatin" title="Nystatin">Nystatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paromomycin_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Paromomycin sulfate">Paromomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymyxin_B" title="Polymyxin B">Polymyxin B</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rifaximin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin">Streptomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancomycin" title="Vancomycin">Vancomycin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Sulfonamides</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phthalylsulfathiazole" title="Phthalylsulfathiazole">Phthalylsulfathiazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succinylsulfathiazole" title="Succinylsulfathiazole">Succinylsulfathiazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfaguanidine" title="Sulfaguanidine">Sulfaguanidine</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nitrofuran" title="Nitrofuran">Nitrofuran</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nifuroxazide" title="Nifuroxazide">Nifuroxazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifurzide" title="Nifurzide">Nifurzide</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Imidazole" title="Imidazole">Imidazole</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miconazole" title="Miconazole">Miconazole</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arsenical" title="Arsenical">Arsenical</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetarsol" title="Acetarsol">Acetarsol</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/8-Hydroxyquinoline" title="8-Hydroxyquinoline">Oxyquinoline</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broxyquinoline" title="Broxyquinoline">Broxyquinoline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intestinal <a href="/wiki/Adsorbent" class="mw-redirect" title="Adsorbent">adsorbents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">Charcoal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subsalicylate" title="Bismuth subsalicylate">bismuth subsalicylate</a>, known as Pepto-Bismol)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">Pectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">Kaolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyvinylpyrrolidone" title="Polyvinylpyrrolidone">Crospovidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palygorskite" title="Palygorskite">Attapulgite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosmectite" title="Diosmectite">Diosmectite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antipropulsive" title="Antipropulsive">Antipropulsives</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">opioids</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laudanum" title="Laudanum">Opium tincture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laudanum" title="Laudanum">laudanum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">Codeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">Morphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paregoric" title="Paregoric">Camphorated opium tincture</a> (paregoric)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>crosses <a href="/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier" title="Blood–brain barrier">BBB</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Diphenoxylate" title="Diphenoxylate">Diphenoxylate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atropine/diphenoxylate" title="Atropine/diphenoxylate">+atropine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difenoxin" title="Difenoxin">Difenoxin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>does not cross BBB:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eluxadoline" title="Eluxadoline">Eluxadoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide">Loperamide</a><sup>#</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Loperamide/simethicone" title="Loperamide/simethicone">+simethicone</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intestinal anti-inflammatory agents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroids</a> acting locally</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Hydrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">Prednisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixocortol" title="Tixocortol">Tixocortol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide" title="Budesonide">Budesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone_dipropionate" class="mw-redirect" title="Beclometasone dipropionate">Beclometasone</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiallergic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiallergic">antiallergic</a> agents, excluding corticosteroids</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cromoglicic_acid" title="Cromoglicic acid">Cromoglicic acid</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aminosalicylate" title="Aminosalicylate">Aminosalicylates</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfasalazine" title="Sulfasalazine">Sulfasalazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesalazine" title="Mesalazine">Mesalazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olsalazine" title="Olsalazine">Olsalazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsalazide" title="Balsalazide">Balsalazide</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antidiarrheal micro-organisms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_boulardii" title="Saccharomyces boulardii">Saccharomyces boulardii</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other antidiarrheals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albumin_tannate" title="Albumin tannate">Albumin tannate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subsalicylate" title="Bismuth subsalicylate">Bismuth subsalicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carob" title="Carob">Ceratonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crofelemer" title="Crofelemer">Crofelemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octreotide" title="Octreotide">Octreotide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racecadotril" title="Racecadotril">Racecadotril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaopectate" title="Kaopectate">Kaopectate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antibiotics_and_chemotherapeutics_for_dermatological_use_(D06)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antibiotics_and_chemotherapeutics_for_dermatological_use" title="Template:Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antibiotics_and_chemotherapeutics_for_dermatological_use" title="Template talk:Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antibiotics_and_chemotherapeutics_for_dermatological_use" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antibiotics_and_chemotherapeutics_for_dermatological_use_(D06)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">Antibiotics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapeutics" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemotherapeutics">chemotherapeutics</a> for <a href="/wiki/Dermatological" class="mw-redirect" title="Dermatological">dermatological</a> use (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D06" title="ATC code D06">D06</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">Antibiotics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tetracycline" title="Tetracycline">Tetracycline</a> and derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demeclocycline" title="Demeclocycline">Demeclocycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlortetracycline" title="Chlortetracycline">Chlortetracycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxytetracycline" title="Oxytetracycline">Oxytetracycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracycline" title="Tetracycline">Tetracycline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphenicol" title="Amphenicol">Amphenicol</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chloramphenicol" title="Chloramphenicol">Chloramphenicol</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminoglycoside" title="Aminoglycoside">Aminoglycosides</a>: <a href="/wiki/Neomycin" title="Neomycin">Neomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentamicin" title="Gentamicin">Gentamicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amikacin" title="Amikacin">Amikacin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic" title="Quinolone antibiotic">Quinolones</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nadifloxacin" title="Nadifloxacin">Nadifloxacin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Streptogramin" title="Streptogramin">Streptogramin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Virginiamycin" title="Virginiamycin">Virginiamycin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rifamycin" title="Rifamycin">Rifamycin</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rifaximin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>other:</i> <a href="/wiki/Fusidic_acid" title="Fusidic acid">Fusidic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacitracin" title="Bacitracin">Bacitracin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrothricin" title="Tyrothricin">Tyrothricin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mupirocin" title="Mupirocin">Mupirocin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">Chemotherapeutics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Sulfonamides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silver_sulfadiazine" title="Silver sulfadiazine">Silver sulfadiazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfathiazole" title="Sulfathiazole">Sulfathiazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafenide" title="Mafenide">Mafenide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamethizole" title="Sulfamethizole">Sulfamethizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfanilamide" title="Sulfanilamide">Sulfanilamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamerazine" title="Sulfamerazine">Sulfamerazine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antiviral_drug" title="Antiviral drug">Antivirals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aciclovir" title="Aciclovir">Aciclovir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penciclovir" title="Penciclovir">Penciclovir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idoxuridine" title="Idoxuridine">Idoxuridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edoxudine" title="Edoxudine">Edoxudine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiquimod" title="Imiquimod">Imiquimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resiquimod" title="Resiquimod">Resiquimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podophyllotoxin" title="Podophyllotoxin">Podophyllotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docosanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Docosanol">Docosanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromantadine" title="Tromantadine">Tromantadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inosine" title="Inosine">Inosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysozyme" title="Lysozyme">Lysozyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibacitabine" title="Ibacitabine">Ibacitabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine">Lysine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingenol_mebutate" title="Ingenol mebutate">Ingenol mebutate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metronidazole" title="Metronidazole">Metronidazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirbanibulin" title="Tirbanibulin">Tirbanibulin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antibacterials_that_inhibit_nucleic_acid_(J01E,_J01M)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nucleic_acid_inhibitors" title="Template:Nucleic acid inhibitors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nucleic_acid_inhibitors" title="Template talk:Nucleic acid inhibitors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nucleic_acid_inhibitors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nucleic acid inhibitors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antibacterials_that_inhibit_nucleic_acid_(J01E,_J01M)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antibiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotics">Antibacterials</a> that <a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_inhibitor" title="Nucleic acid inhibitor">inhibit nucleic acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J01#J01E" title="ATC code J01">J01E</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J01#J01M" title="ATC code J01">J01M</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antifolate" title="Antifolate">Antifolates</a><br />(inhibit bacterial<br /><a href="/wiki/Purine_metabolism" title="Purine metabolism">purine metabolism</a>,<br />thereby inhibiting<br />DNA and RNA<br />synthesis)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dihydrofolate_reductase_inhibitor" title="Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor">DHFR inhibitor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2,4-Diaminopyrimidine" title="2,4-Diaminopyrimidine">2,4-Diaminopyrimidine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodimoprim" title="Brodimoprim">Brodimoprim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iclaprim" title="Iclaprim">Iclaprim</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormetoprim" title="Ormetoprim">Ormetoprim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrimethamine" title="Pyrimethamine">Pyrimethamine</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetroxoprim" title="Tetroxoprim">Tetroxoprim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimethoprim" title="Trimethoprim">Trimethoprim</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Sulfonamides</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Dihydropteroate_synthetase_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor">DHPS inhibitor</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)#Short-acting" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Short-acting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfisomidine" title="Sulfisomidine">Sulfaisodimidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamethizole" title="Sulfamethizole">Sulfamethizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadimidine" title="Sulfadimidine">Sulfadimidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfapyridine" title="Sulfapyridine">Sulfapyridine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulfasalazine" title="Sulfasalazine">Sulfasalazine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfafurazole" title="Sulfafurazole">Sulfafurazole</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetyl_sulfisoxazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetyl sulfisoxazole (page does not exist)">Acetyl sulfisoxazole</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfanilamide" title="Sulfanilamide">Sulfanilamide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prontosil" title="Prontosil">Prontosil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfathiazole" title="Sulfathiazole">Sulfathiazole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phthalylsulfathiazole" title="Phthalylsulfathiazole">Phthalylsulfathiazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Succinylsulfathiazole" title="Succinylsulfathiazole">Succinylsulfathiazole</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfathiourea" title="Sulfathiourea">Sulfathiourea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)#Intermediate-acting" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Intermediate-acting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamethoxazole" title="Sulfamethoxazole">Sulfamethoxazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadiazine" title="Sulfadiazine">Sulfadiazine</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamoxole" title="Sulfamoxole">Sulfamoxole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)#Long-acting" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Long-acting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadimethoxine" title="Sulfadimethoxine">Sulfadimethoxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadoxine" title="Sulfadoxine">Sulfadoxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfalene" title="Sulfalene">Sulfalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfametomidine" title="Sulfametomidine">Sulfametomidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfametoxydiazine" title="Sulfametoxydiazine">Sulfametoxydiazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamethoxypyridazine" title="Sulfamethoxypyridazine">Sulfamethoxypyridazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfaperin" title="Sulfaperin">Sulfaperin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamerazine" title="Sulfamerazine">Sulfamerazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfaphenazole" title="Sulfaphenazole">Sulfaphenazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamazone" title="Sulfamazone">Sulfamazone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other/ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mafenide" title="Mafenide">Mafenide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfacetamide" title="Sulfacetamide">Sulfacetamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfaclozine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfaclozine (page does not exist)">Sulfaclozine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadicramide" title="Sulfadicramide">Sulfadicramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfaguanidine" title="Sulfaguanidine">Sulfaguanidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfametrole" title="Sulfametrole">Sulfametrole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfanitran" title="Sulfanitran">Sulfanitran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combinations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole" title="Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole">Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfadimethoxine#with_ormetoprim" title="Sulfadimethoxine">Ormetoprim/sulfadimethoxine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrimethamine/dapsone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrimethamine/dapsone (page does not exist)">Pyrimethamine/dapsone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine (page does not exist)">Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other DHPS inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acediasulfone" title="Acediasulfone">Acediasulfone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapsone" title="Dapsone">Dapsone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solasulfone" title="Solasulfone">Solasulfone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfoxone" title="Sulfoxone">Sulfoxone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic" title="Quinolone antibiotic">Quinolones</a><br />(inhibit bacterial<br /><a href="/wiki/Topoisomerase_inhibitor" title="Topoisomerase inhibitor">topoisomerase</a><br />and/or <a href="/wiki/DNA_gyrase" title="DNA gyrase">DNA gyrase</a>,<br />thereby inhibiting<br /><a href="/wiki/DNA_replication" title="DNA replication">DNA replication</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic#First_generation" title="Quinolone antibiotic">1st generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinoxacin" title="Cinoxacin">Cinoxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumequine" title="Flumequine">Flumequine</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalidixic_acid" title="Nalidixic acid">Nalidixic acid</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxolinic_acid" title="Oxolinic acid">Oxolinic acid</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipemidic_acid" title="Pipemidic acid">Pipemidic acid</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piromidic_acid" title="Piromidic acid">Piromidic acid</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosoxacin" title="Rosoxacin">Rosoxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic" title="Quinolone antibiotic">Fluoroquinolones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic#Second_generation" title="Quinolone antibiotic">2nd generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciprofloxacin" title="Ciprofloxacin">Ciprofloxacin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofloxacin" title="Ofloxacin">Ofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoxacin" title="Enoxacin">Enoxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleroxacin" title="Fleroxacin">Fleroxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomefloxacin" title="Lomefloxacin">Lomefloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadifloxacin" title="Nadifloxacin">Nadifloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup>/<a href="/wiki/Levonadifloxacin" title="Levonadifloxacin">Levonadifloxacin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alalevonadifloxacin" title="Alalevonadifloxacin">Alalevonadifloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfloxacin" title="Norfloxacin">Norfloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pefloxacin" title="Pefloxacin">Pefloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufloxacin" title="Rufloxacin">Rufloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic#Third_generation" title="Quinolone antibiotic">3rd generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levofloxacin" title="Levofloxacin">Levofloxacin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balofloxacin" title="Balofloxacin">Balofloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grepafloxacin" title="Grepafloxacin">Grepafloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazufloxacin" title="Pazufloxacin">Pazufloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparfloxacin" title="Sparfloxacin">Sparfloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temafloxacin" title="Temafloxacin">Temafloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosufloxacin" title="Tosufloxacin">Tosufloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic#Fourth_generation" title="Quinolone antibiotic">4th generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besifloxacin" title="Besifloxacin">Besifloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delafloxacin" title="Delafloxacin">Delafloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatifloxacin" title="Gatifloxacin">Gatifloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finafloxacin" title="Finafloxacin">Finafloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemifloxacin" title="Gemifloxacin">Gemifloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxifloxacin" title="Moxifloxacin">Moxifloxacin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinafloxacin" title="Clinafloxacin">Clinafloxacin</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garenoxacin" title="Garenoxacin">Garenoxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prulifloxacin" title="Prulifloxacin">Prulifloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitafloxacin" title="Sitafloxacin">Sitafloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trovafloxacin" title="Trovafloxacin">Trovafloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup>/<a href="/wiki/Alatrofloxacin" title="Alatrofloxacin">Alatrofloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic#Veterinary_use" title="Quinolone antibiotic">Veterinary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danofloxacin" title="Danofloxacin">Danofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difloxacin" title="Difloxacin">Difloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrofloxacin" title="Enrofloxacin">Enrofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibafloxacin" title="Ibafloxacin">Ibafloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbofloxacin" title="Marbofloxacin">Marbofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbifloxacin" title="Orbifloxacin">Orbifloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradofloxacin" title="Pradofloxacin">Pradofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarafloxacin" title="Sarafloxacin">Sarafloxacin</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Newer non-fluorinated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemonoxacin" title="Nemonoxacin">Nemonoxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozenoxacin" title="Ozenoxacin">Ozenoxacin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related (<a href="/wiki/DNA_gyrase" title="DNA gyrase">DG</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminocoumarin" title="Aminocoumarin">Aminocoumarins</a>: <a href="/wiki/Novobiocin" title="Novobiocin">Novobiocin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anaerobic_organism" title="Anaerobic organism">Anaerobic</a> DNA<br /><a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_inhibitor#DNA_inhibitors" title="Nucleic acid inhibitor">inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nitroimidazole_derivatives" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nitroimidazole" title="Nitroimidazole">Nitroimidazole</a> derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secnidazole" title="Secnidazole">Secnidazole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a> synthesis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rifamycin" title="Rifamycin">Rifamycins</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/RNA-dependent_RNA_polymerase" title="RNA-dependent RNA polymerase">RNA polymerase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">Rifampicin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifabutin" title="Rifabutin">Rifabutin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifapentine" title="Rifapentine">Rifapentine</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rifaximin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifalazil" title="Rifalazil">Rifalazil</a><sup>§</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lipiarmycin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipiarmycin">Lipiarmycins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fidaxomicin" title="Fidaxomicin">Fidaxomicin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Xenobiotic-sensing receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Xenobiotic-sensing receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Xenobiotic-sensing receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor" title="Xenobiotic-sensing receptor">Xenobiotic-sensing receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_androstane_receptor" title="Constitutive androstane receptor"><abbr title="Constitutive androstane receptor">CAR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Constitutive androstane receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=6,7-Dimethylesculetin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6,7-Dimethylesculetin (page does not exist)">6,7-Dimethylesculetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiodarone" title="Amiodarone">Amiodarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemisinin" title="Artemisinin">Artemisinin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benfuracarb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benfuracarb (page does not exist)">Benfuracarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamazepine" title="Carbamazepine">Carbamazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carvedilol" title="Carvedilol">Carvedilol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">Chlorpromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysin" title="Chrysin">Chrysin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CITCO_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CITCO (drug) (page does not exist)">CITCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclophosphamide" title="Cyclophosphamide">Cyclophosphamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypermethrin" title="Cypermethrin">Cypermethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prasterone" title="Prasterone">prasterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efavirenz" title="Efavirenz">Efavirenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellagic_acid" title="Ellagic acid">Ellagic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griseofulvin" title="Griseofulvin">Griseofulvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxychlor" title="Methoxychlor">Methoxychlor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">Nefazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevirapine" title="Nevirapine">Nevirapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicardipine" title="Nicardipine">Nicardipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octicizer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octicizer (page does not exist)">Octicizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permethrin" title="Permethrin">Permethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">Phenobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenytoin" title="Phenytoin">Phenytoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B2-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5β-Dihydroprogesterone">Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserpine" title="Reserpine">Reserpine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TCPOBOP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TCPOBOP (page does not exist)">TCPOBOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telmisartan" title="Telmisartan">Telmisartan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolnaftate" title="Tolnaftate">Tolnaftate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troglitazone" title="Troglitazone">Troglitazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Valproic acid">Valproic acid</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=3,17%CE%B2-Estradiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,17β-Estradiol (page does not exist)">3,17β-Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Androstan-3%CE%B1-ol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5α-Androstan-3α-ol (page does not exist)">3α-Androstanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Androst-16-en-3%CE%B1-ol" class="mw-redirect" title="5α-Androst-16-en-3α-ol">3α-Androstenol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Androstan-3%CE%B2-ol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5α-Androstan-3β-ol (page does not exist)">3β-Androstanol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Androstan-17-ol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5α-Androstan-17-ol (page does not exist)">17-Androstanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyl_isothiocyanate" title="Allyl isothiocyanate">AITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">Ethinylestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclizine" title="Meclizine">Meclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nigramide_J&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nigramide J (page does not exist)">Nigramide J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okadaic_acid" title="Okadaic acid">Okadaic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PK-11195" class="mw-redirect" title="PK-11195">PK-11195</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-07662&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-07662 (page does not exist)">S-07662</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T-0901317&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-0901317 (page does not exist)">T-0901317</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnane_X_receptor" title="Pregnane X receptor"><abbr title="Pregnane X receptor">PXR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Pregnane X receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxypregnenolone" title="17α-Hydroxypregnenolone">17α-Hydroxypregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="17α-Hydroxyprogesterone">17α-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%944-Androstenedione" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ4-Androstenedione">Δ<sup>4</sup>-Androstenedione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%945-Androstenediol" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ5-Androstenediol">Δ<sup>5</sup>-Androstenediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%945-Androstenedione" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ5-Androstenedione">Δ<sup>5</sup>-Androstenedione</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AA-861&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AA-861 (page does not exist)">AA-861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allopregnanediol" title="Allopregnanediol">Allopregnanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5α-Dihydroprogesterone">Allopregnanedione (5α-dihydroprogesterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Lipoic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Lipoic acid">Alpha-Lipoic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrisentan" title="Ambrisentan">Ambrisentan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMI-193" class="mw-redirect" title="AMI-193">AMI-193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amlodipine_besylate" class="mw-redirect" title="Amlodipine besylate">Amlodipine besylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimycotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimycotic">Antimycotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemisinin" title="Artemisinin">Artemisinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurothioglucose" title="Aurothioglucose">Aurothioglucose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bile_acid" title="Bile acid">Bile acids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithionol" title="Bithionol">Bithionol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosentan" title="Bosentan">Bosentan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bumecaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bumecaine (page does not exist)">Bumecaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafestol" title="Cafestol">Cafestol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephaloridine" title="Cephaloridine">Cephaloridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephradine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephradine">Cephradine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">Chlorpromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciglitazone" title="Ciglitazone">Ciglitazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clindamycin" title="Clindamycin">Clindamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clofenvinfos" class="mw-redirect" title="Clofenvinfos">Clofenvinfos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroxine" title="Chloroxine">Chloroxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colforsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Colforsin">Colforsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosterone" title="Corticosterone">Corticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclophosphamide" title="Cyclophosphamide">Cyclophosphamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demecolcine" title="Demecolcine">Demecolcine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prasterone" title="Prasterone">prasterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prasterone_sulfate" title="Prasterone sulfate">prasterone sulfate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibunate_sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dibunate sodium">Dibunate sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclazuril" title="Diclazuril">Diclazuril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicloxacillin" title="Dicloxacillin">Dicloxacillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimercaprol" title="Dimercaprol">Dimercaprol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinaline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinaline (page does not exist)">Dinaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docetaxel" title="Docetaxel">Docetaxel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docusate_calcium" class="mw-redirect" title="Docusate calcium">Docusate calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodecylbenzenesulfonic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid">Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dronabinol" title="Dronabinol">Dronabinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droxidopa" title="Droxidopa">Droxidopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburnamonine" class="mw-redirect" title="Eburnamonine">Eburnamonine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecopipam" title="Ecopipam">Ecopipam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzacamene" title="Enzacamene">Enzacamene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epothilone_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Epothilone B">Epothilone B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythromycin" title="Erythromycin">Erythromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famprofazone" title="Famprofazone">Famprofazone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Febantel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Febantel (page does not exist)">Febantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felodipine" title="Felodipine">Felodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenbendazole" title="Fenbendazole">Fenbendazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">Fentanyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flucloxacillin" title="Flucloxacillin">Flucloxacillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone" title="Fluorometholone">Fluorometholone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griseofulvin" title="Griseofulvin">Griseofulvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggulsterone" title="Guggulsterone">Guggulsterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloprogin" title="Haloprogin">Haloprogin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetacillin_potassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hetacillin potassium">Hetacillin potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperforin" title="Hyperforin">Hyperforin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum"><i>Hypericum perforatum</i> (St John's wort)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indinavir_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indinavir sulfate">Indinavir sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasalocid_sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lasalocid sodium">Lasalocid sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levothyroxine" title="Levothyroxine">Levothyroxine</a></li> <li>Linolenic acid: <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Linolenic_acid" title="Α-Linolenic acid">α-Linolenic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gamma-Linolenic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Linolenic acid">γ-linolenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LOE-908&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LOE-908 (page does not exist)">LOE-908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loratadine" title="Loratadine">Loratadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovastatin" title="Lovastatin">Lovastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclizine" title="Meclizine">Meclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacycline" title="Metacycline">Metacycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylprednisolone" title="Methylprednisolone">Methylprednisolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metyrapone" title="Metyrapone">Metyrapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevastatin" title="Mevastatin">Mevastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafcillin" title="Nafcillin">Nafcillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicardipine" title="Nicardipine">Nicardipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifedipine" title="Nifedipine">Nifedipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilvadipine" title="Nilvadipine">Nilvadipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisoldipine" title="Nisoldipine">Nisoldipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norelgestromin" title="Norelgestromin">Norelgestromin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omeprazole" title="Omeprazole">Omeprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlistat" title="Orlistat">Orlistat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxatomide" title="Oxatomide">Oxatomide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paclitaxel" title="Paclitaxel">Paclitaxel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">Phenobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperine" title="Piperine">Piperine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plicamycin" title="Plicamycin">Plicamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnanediol" title="Pregnanediol">Pregnanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B2-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5β-Dihydroprogesterone">Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnanolone" title="Pregnanolone">Pregnanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_16%CE%B1-carbonitrile" title="Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile">Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proadifen" title="Proadifen">Proadifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quingestrone" title="Quingestrone">Quingestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserpine" title="Reserpine">Reserpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_triiodothyronine" title="Reverse triiodothyronine">Reverse triiodothyronine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">Rifampicin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rifaximin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimexolone" title="Rimexolone">Rimexolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riodipine" title="Riodipine">Riodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritonavir" title="Ritonavir">Ritonavir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simvastatin" title="Simvastatin">Simvastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirolimus" title="Sirolimus">Sirolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiroxatrine" title="Spiroxatrine">Spiroxatrine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SR-12813&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SR-12813 (page does not exist)">SR-12813</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suberoylanilide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suberoylanilide (page does not exist)">Suberoylanilide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfisoxazole" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfisoxazole">Sulfisoxazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suramin" title="Suramin">Suramin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrolimus" title="Tacrolimus">Tacrolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenylidone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenylidone (page does not exist)">Tenylidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terconazole" title="Terconazole">Terconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone_isocaproate" title="Testosterone isocaproate">Testosterone isocaproate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracycline" title="Tetracycline">Tetracycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamylal_sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiamylal sodium">Thiamylal sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiothixene" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiothixene">Thiothixene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonzonium_bromide" title="Thonzonium bromide">Thonzonium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianeptine" title="Tianeptine">Tianeptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troglitazone" title="Troglitazone">Troglitazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troleandomycin" title="Troleandomycin">Troleandomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropanyl_3,5-dimethulbenzoate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropanyl 3,5-dimethulbenzoate (page does not exist)">Tropanyl 3,5-dimethulbenzoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafirlukast" title="Zafirlukast">Zafirlukast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeranol" title="Zeranol">Zeranol</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesamin" title="Sesamin">Sesamin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/16px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&oldid=1254963107">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifaximin&oldid=1254963107</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CYP3A4_inducers" title="Category:CYP3A4 inducers">CYP3A4 inducers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orphan_drugs" title="Category:Orphan drugs">Orphan drugs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rifamycin_antibiotics" title="Category:Rifamycin antibiotics">Rifamycin antibiotics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Acetate_esters" title="Category:Acetate esters">Acetate esters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethers" title="Category:Ethers">Ethers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lactams" title="Category:Lactams">Lactams</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pregnane_X_receptor_agonists" title="Category:Pregnane X receptor agonists">Pregnane X receptor agonists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2024">Use dmy dates from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drugs_with_non-standard_legal_status" title="Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status">Drugs with non-standard legal status</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_changed_EBI_identifier" title="Category:Articles with changed EBI identifier">Articles with changed EBI identifier</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ECHA_InfoCard_ID_from_Wikidata" title="Category:ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata">ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drugboxes_which_contain_changes_to_verified_fields" title="Category:Drugboxes which contain changes to verified fields">Drugboxes which contain changes to verified fields</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 November 2024, at 14:04<span 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