CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134c743c95b5cd7',cH: 'WL15kGXM_whR2M7Mz7a1Do2Y7TPOoVF4iyYSSNYHBuw-1739784832-1.2.1.1-iTOIUXe.FeAMu1KJ0fGZSWdrsyv7.Xd7K_AaiIbSOGAm5PCKBGoxGOI0K4D6wKRG',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/24113\/energy-efficiency-retrofitting-of-residential-buildings-case-study-multi-family-apartment-building-in-tripoli-lebanon?__cf_chl_tk=7Vm6pSbHc7p12bqzoG3KSOnfTb0Y6UUg.bNOPmZ21UU-1739784832-1.0.1.1-g.4OciXwbZ6YwEDcPVtqbSELtxH3ABn_KUut0z3AQgM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784832',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/24113\/energy-efficiency-retrofitting-of-residential-buildings-case-study-multi-family-apartment-building-in-tripoli-lebanon?__cf_chl_f_tk=7Vm6pSbHc7p12bqzoG3KSOnfTb0Y6UUg.bNOPmZ21UU-1739784832-1.0.1.1-g.4OciXwbZ6YwEDcPVtqbSELtxH3ABn_KUut0z3AQgM",md: "4Ob7VQMUbGnmhHh9NRhdRQ92t3DFGFJmVsJv2pXrkLA-1739784832-1.2.1.1-wrgBZWve.FDLzT2tBhGyXYMk0UulW5IBppLtYLadLO5Byf7xFsj68tIHXyz28cXxBVqVnE_Tdiz3VuxpoPHCajhHwqOWsmH3yC4gWQST0aaWjt9SfsV6KsRhzCSEc.uu27PiCveWqckDIMODqwLdPuX5FrF8j60655991nmU2LqmhXLEX4IzdY4cXki6u9qrRQm85miUGYg03YdoJ_3PvhqVbPWL0EdLlbDT2aVGfzjW6EaPl72_hcnMdae.a8XwEKWOahxcNgbdj9JXMytgWn2WG9W.pcqKzF_SYWJ4KkJiwEWCSqhfJ8di7BPHzBaJWsnA.suk4On.JhZiwrYoSPwOk5.77H3CRzvcu92XFMO8OrEgoXFMtvryLAjC1fmP5n06XJE8XtK8umXITirwVE4Timvqy67SfPfjq_IYtUSPAbuoQjd3p7cvVptpkcubYAPB0XWcx1RcmUPyzSYf_OgR12X03xORllqvqZClZD8.7n3tGiY0Ji2Ry7Dx.IrPB5t0eYK7hxztl1wY6c5Q.QPKIuc9ULszwubR7R2kXY0HH8NLgAmAxFNHAMvRJYln73NQtXEk5eG.NpDEBq0X2SgYqFKXma.ug6rNiHskhyLH4sKY1a4iLX.B1bgDngTa0.7zxba8IO0r94s0tk6Zpbkcn4KnxVT88swkVS4YfHNAiB7nWwfsrC8TIBvmbg0YYKLSAVYZtiyXPcIVoKn9C_XEAmraneg5iakw2gla9IBID4YR0Z5Xn29j98Jgh_7PF4GlegWYe8zhtr4O.xipvPK5S.Qjfq0JM2Q.UyDR9VXGD5Zyzr..zkyW5LxEhS9cdoG34u0c17wlZrluSXk3duQbD8gfgGjeEjy7Mgx6VEq2pe0bGLbFbXx7MxsyKTrvPY5vScK9MrP5aMGr1.8Q6bamPX8BeSLxxnO7hwfJsT5RDE9KBe3qpWbEXcxOkvKdTTj9R4pOknY2IWmfVamL4yj_DMKMSv5esAPnWnSbG0rrCDWhV7Kg55pLAtoMyIYt4UJaaKem.z_Dyp0JXn.c8aLAOmSpws60XqJiu9SzLtABIBSraePuYsIXMDgM1zDc0O7kg3QK4j4lEVw41Ce.G.6SvxK2SqLT13hPOKVzP0pnFYTT4OQ6V4o72eLMDeNH9LVk7Ka2TVDbGwvWYE1u9KjF2zaCBKSUdmWag6UHfT.HlF_AET2Rv_K07O4a7y6Y7zZkoygSxqDXULWgNhn2s9nn4Zy.3Wg4_9JKQeVzatafbmaIOezdDZrQLWlLVK3J84xQMcWF4wotHVJt1Ndisz9VG.PftZQf2zo89tLJ341WBchUI13p3ZXs9EAfIznnjEmxQd15juVUmhPf0XpExM0xA1k4pzweRYMkFl8_NCnDf59iXfufjfHdQLV2xIFm_2meJnmF9faQE4FSINS.FZv1hboe_PYexfAbjDmXjH_Q0l2HrYOgMwF2b5Ye85EymAp5ebCsuQizoidJHQ.B2_moXZXk9jzzIB.QBjg504ieb7s9FrDb19rYeiX8F5.8BabrUjnP_Pq6g8CA6ECKX5jcvCNsaj_igXzFj8GyAHBQc4jVFKEr4SyBpQYpx9ClcFSmPXKE6m7ERTydXSVdbfa9e85.mndVyy0z5ugkukDHp_HunzBQ9gJWsjk2fEB6gp46zrQM3roWfJkD3RZplIE3JwLboRbhY3K_pY.tAX8ykuawbxxOt0FkR50e8aRwn5AhNfTotTaKohshiofOEOw.5wUqdZRKiriUn_8XYcY8DKrZZsZi6KqW_p7KMEpOzs7EhFvWijxMm4JOLJKYke8USH30Om18NgbnhN6OTLiWTkXxqzWAHVHwBtbHPouPOkgZTGLDP1Wxh.mae57cSO92rKn2iu65oMP.47EKLSX1SpHiGX1ZElcUneOyu4XbHL_Or_Mn1TimgQR.Uxiuz7tH9iehOv_vZd4hLAvdlVX_PPuDkPUHaqXDJVf8z_98INOz6CQWbzL8Fi1nbU23iLqAxtLYCXtyz_nXtwIt0d93xyYhwuudUAv25sAbatjeQFG2Oy44CZNLlYG29V833ImV40nI.IjdPBRQ.6WEFq8qGl9zu3fxJPghldluDLNbHJuguCTjsnXXyfu8xh0VGpVzyuKWtfrrpklG7aGu7pj2kWAkCQeAhhcs4_5GVNPYO8hlV2bx04UI1QmS9hPCpFwTlo3uXln32osXvwYCzrg",mdrd: "GmMZeY3ZTnYR8eGQjhXM9S3tFG8QFiHUfXuZuFArqqw-1739784832-1.2.1.1-o5n.8tuqTtF2i_hD5q1TFessZsWTH0EJHC8eUjo87r26O0e7_jgZKhQUBZefsYpWoqL0fhpYcczZNS6FMiYFiK_BEMC5UpfUvaMoGJN5A3lYHIJXY9EKWZjZWttFcNdNlb0CHqjkqqQUDIO19nrPIHofOiuwN9a0lw2X0FkcXOg7j6erAQsbraBfg1wOeyfSmpvzSZ1Y1n0O5hujvvWhsgIB_Aauu_yNwNvrUsG0UzoEjD6TYEiDsK4PzTFELuPfhkwcfxvkl3WVjMBd83G2FQzTIzU_Bfv0nNSpXXhWBputJYbesKNgFJdYpePQPpjdNIIEWFbm9QkQ8FpjodBQ2HRcXdsFYB9a_TRgp7pKrJDto9cuUEf5K6wdvk_L6d8t3DTkFQP_HPAZVVIEDYdOdqfHNKWKrVOY40jmQFluHSCUyEvc5qTjdhiNGkZJxJ1K1EQVkJCdecLHRvXWaZts4zex3m5cihLGu1.nP7zDZrFII1.I2O4dH8YPwNQjhjkSkmOlk7tG5p_FF7DczsMc_dh96yQGxWaivDdhelx1m9Ov.k_rsVDXdsEz8p_8BVj449UEHh4szZHowFAcKgw9gArwGaPZOYlFrkNfe1Xko1obfqFBgSRminhA5yPO3vas4De1KbEvczgrpvrsz3h90IzW71tle1D3EuymUPLPf6jt8GMU82LJD7w7GfGOILGHvOkqBIIWPsEEP4mQ.AWtz2If_NweCJ4H1QzdVoKe49kt0EPyhD2FRXiITc65.3P6kht352CU1wsK42Pp8900WodW8SeN.m3ewLUl8qhL7MwxRigTEvbAc8TWKtBOFUKawQLD.kgPrstCN8iY2bz2qrJuiOBbBE8olVQmKDgXGAALeQtkGlHDlcKMa5bG5_ZmRPtaKwO7wQ9wTvbqcGLQeRs0fHO7UYxr6S2FAo9PN1wvZ4vKyPT57t.pmGWQm377XaCSeIB80BqCch7Z5MZIcVkqLfLvXqFwBGl0uT0eVZgHVuT_z29UQ1mcPOg04pcmQEFUTHccFzS6Zlk4DydpefWkC7DeM2mLrjV7iU0EGqxpEH5aaK4f.ToyFi0_ctLMLUwgXzp6a3.SJSI_rmurVl5caX6gykIBAI5lN0GKUvHJHUHJMQ9vWv3KalWOd46WqJhuBqOXMnqoFSKIUxb3bijKAeVy3VG3T_oH3yQ9sEJUACQ1RVioNzw93usv0FYWjA5R2OVQVIIQTGOIZv1Ra5iHDa0oD.crmM5.jrtFSLQFlMftFqvCq8iGX.v_Svex9XMljjjyawGT9d1CsJRCbMzspWVhHXf0KhIaRMH2OuSIaAjXPLV8giOmcpwIOTXxmdbFx_J7gS7EB0U5AIjb7TZ2WVa7E2E52_7_jDj9cd4vbf1cVhf3Slv_giT9oKdyhdjhN_4BwUUuBJ5O1VxJJYgZs0RV44cnmrd5gTQBqcsSMRihd3VKlvRDtdK3Gob_noiOsuj7qwMf2niLdMrTCTvrvLKEgavgBhN4N0mQFOTc1.Bq8Unmj6CSMzUclHlVJc8ip8hzJseUcZscCFYFaBsjU.OMajA2pxQ3q18ceEvE6DXwbrVPIHv4BIsWYXnIydBlS32zIl_GgPrwBUdCLs.03uyPRfGl7fh29lBVwp8n.5IVYIJDol08gFTMzOrmmjk8thy6C.edvtscTKXIL2GjVYuQk.ezrZgST7WEKB7z1oX8y7zndAfwnYiUo6M.MfB_4XpykP.xm85vmRWNhT251eIHnwoyA_zcWQG790FAPnfQdynzKeGLIHkLkbF79boii_4tLmOClsybNFH5AAKpX_cym9xMJbDu_a3kth235423weK0sKbhH6nqkSn8EqhG_4_It2p3cGAZcJk534x.Q54OzbtM6DtBqYq1eTbjDi72BFzAA3JMaaqD9jecIFx6BftU12h7U5Sz1qjPFVdmf9RgI1uOdr20hLCnHOZeWaaperA_Z.UvzvEMqlE1Hk..XrrdNJJSARUBiArw6A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134c743c95b5cd7';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/24113\/energy-efficiency-retrofitting-of-residential-buildings-case-study-multi-family-apartment-building-in-tripoli-lebanon?__cf_chl_rt_tk=7Vm6pSbHc7p12bqzoG3KSOnfTb0Y6UUg.bNOPmZ21UU-1739784832-1.0.1.1-g.4OciXwbZ6YwEDcPVtqbSELtxH3ABn_KUut0z3AQgM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>