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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Initiation: C5-C7</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initiation:_C5-C7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polymerization:_C8-C9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polymerization:_C8-C9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Polymerization: C8-C9</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polymerization:_C8-C9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inhibition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inhibition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Inhibition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inhibition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complejo_de_ataque_a_membrana" title="Complejo de ataque a membrana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Complejo de ataque a membrana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexe_d%27attaque_membranaire" title="Complexe d'attaque membranaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Complexe d'attaque membranaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexo_de_ataque_%C3%A1_membrana" title="Complexo de ataque á membrana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Complexo de ataque á membrana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complesso_di_attacco_della_membrana" title="Complesso di attacco della membrana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Complesso di attacco della membrana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%93%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Мембрански напаѓачки комплекс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мембрански напаѓачки комплекс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membraan_aanvallend_complex" title="Membraan aanvallend complex – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Membraan aanvallend complex" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%86%9C%E4%BE%B5%E8%A5%B2%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93" title="膜侵襲複合体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="膜侵襲複合体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompleks_atakuj%C4%85cy_b%C5%82on%C4%99" title="Kompleks atakujący błonę – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kompleks atakujący błonę" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexo_de_ataque_%C3%A0_membrana" title="Complexo de ataque à membrana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Complexo de ataque à membrana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Мембраноатакующий комплекс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мембраноатакующий комплекс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membr%C3%A1nolytick%C3%BD_komplex" title="Membránolytický komplex – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Membránolytický komplex" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="நிரப்புப்புரத சவ்வுதாக்குத்தொகுதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிரப்புப்புரத சவ்வுதாக்குத்தொகுதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protein complex</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/MACPF" title="MACPF">MACPF</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Membrane_Attack_Complex_(Terminal_Complement_Complex_C5b-9).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Membrane_Attack_Complex_%28Terminal_Complement_Complex_C5b-9%29.png/220px-Membrane_Attack_Complex_%28Terminal_Complement_Complex_C5b-9%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Membrane_Attack_Complex_%28Terminal_Complement_Complex_C5b-9%29.png/330px-Membrane_Attack_Complex_%28Terminal_Complement_Complex_C5b-9%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Membrane_Attack_Complex_%28Terminal_Complement_Complex_C5b-9%29.png/440px-Membrane_Attack_Complex_%28Terminal_Complement_Complex_C5b-9%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1596" data-file-height="1830" /></a><figcaption>Membrane attack complex (Terminal complement complex C5b-9)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Complement_death.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Complement_death.PNG/220px-Complement_death.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Complement_death.PNG/330px-Complement_death.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Complement_death.PNG/440px-Complement_death.PNG 2x" data-file-width="855" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption>A membrane attack complex attached to a pathogenic cell</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>membrane attack complex</b> (<b>MAC</b>) or <b>terminal complement complex</b> (<b>TCC</b>) is a complex of proteins typically formed on the surface of <a href="/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen">pathogen</a> <a href="/wiki/Cell_membrane" title="Cell membrane">cell membranes</a> as a result of the activation of the host's <a href="/wiki/Complement_system" title="Complement system">complement system</a>, and as such is an effector of the <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a>. <a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">Antibody</a>-mediated complement activation leads to MAC deposition on the surface of infected cells.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32194049_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32194049-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assembly of the MAC leads to pores that disrupt the <a href="/wiki/Cell_membrane" title="Cell membrane">cell membrane</a> of target cells, leading to cell <a href="/wiki/Lysis" title="Lysis">lysis</a> and death.<sup id="cite_ref-Janeway_2001_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janeway_2001-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MAC is composed of the complement components <a href="/wiki/Complement_component_5" title="Complement component 5">C5b</a>, <a href="/wiki/Complement_component_6" title="Complement component 6">C6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Complement_component_7" title="Complement component 7">C7</a>, <a href="/wiki/C8_complex" title="C8 complex">C8</a> and several <a href="/wiki/Complement_component_9" title="Complement component 9">C9</a> molecules. </p><p>A number of proteins participate in the assembly of the MAC. Freshly activated C5b binds to C6 to form a C5b-6 complex, then to C7 forming the C5b-6-7 complex. The C5b-6-7 complex binds to C8, which is composed of three chains (alpha, beta, and gamma), thus forming the C5b-6-7-8 complex. C5b-6-7-8 subsequently binds to C9<sup id="cite_ref-PUB00000295_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUB00000295-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PUB00001141_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUB00001141-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PUB00004608_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUB00004608-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and acts as a catalyst in the polymerization of C9. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_function">Structure and function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_membrane_attack_complex&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure and function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MAC is composed of a complex of four complement <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a> (C5b, C6, C7, and C8) that bind to the outer surface of the <a href="/wiki/Plasma_membrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma membrane">plasma membrane</a>, and many copies of a fifth protein (C9) that hook up to one another, forming a ring in the membrane. C6-C9 all contain a common <a href="/wiki/MACPF" title="MACPF">MACPF</a> domain.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This region is <a href="/wiki/Homology_(biology)" title="Homology (biology)">homologous</a> to cholesterol-dependent <a href="/wiki/Cytolysin" title="Cytolysin">cytolysins</a> from Gram-positive bacteria.<sup id="cite_ref-macpfstructure_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macpfstructure-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ring structure formed by C9 is a pore in the membrane that allows free <a href="/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion">diffusion</a> of molecules in and out of the cell. If enough pores form, the cell is no longer able to survive. </p><p>If the pre-MAC complexes of C5b-7, C5b-8 or C5b-9 do not insert into a membrane, they can form inactive complexes with <a href="/wiki/Protein_S" title="Protein S">Protein S</a> (sC5b-7, sC5b-8 and sC5b-9). These fluid phase complexes do not bind to cell membranes and are ultimately scavenged by <a href="/wiki/Clusterin" title="Clusterin">clusterin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vitronectin" title="Vitronectin">vitronectin</a>, two regulators of complement.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Initiation:_C5-C7">Initiation: C5-C7</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_membrane_attack_complex&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Initiation: C5-C7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Formowanie_MAC-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Formowanie_MAC-en.svg/350px-Formowanie_MAC-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Formowanie_MAC-en.svg/525px-Formowanie_MAC-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Formowanie_MAC-en.svg/700px-Formowanie_MAC-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Membrane attack complex</figcaption></figure> <p>The membrane attack complex is initiated when the complement protein <a href="/wiki/C5_convertase" class="mw-redirect" title="C5 convertase">C5 convertase</a> cleaves <a href="/wiki/Complement_component_5" title="Complement component 5">C5</a> into C5a and C5b. All three pathways of the complement system (<a href="/wiki/Classical_complement_pathway" title="Classical complement pathway">classical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lectin_pathway" title="Lectin pathway">lectin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alternative_complement_pathway" title="Alternative complement pathway">alternative</a> pathways) initiate the formation of MAC. </p><p>Another complement protein, <a href="/wiki/Complement_component_6" title="Complement component 6">C6</a>, binds to C5b. </p><p>The C5bC6 complex is bound by <a href="/wiki/Complement_component_7" title="Complement component 7">C7</a>. </p><p>This junction alters the configuration of the protein molecules exposing a hydrophobic site on C7 that allows the C7 to insert into the phospholipid bilayer of the pathogen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polymerization:_C8-C9">Polymerization: C8-C9</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_membrane_attack_complex&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Polymerization: C8-C9"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similar hydrophobic sites on <a href="/wiki/C8_complex" title="C8 complex">C8</a> and <a href="/wiki/Complement_component_9" title="Complement component 9">C9</a> molecules are exposed when they bind to the complex, so they can also insert into the bilayer. </p><p>C8 is a complex made of the two proteins C8-beta and C8 alpha-gamma. </p><p>C8 alpha-gamma has the hydrophobic area that inserts into the bilayer. C8 alpha-gamma induces the polymerization of 10-16 molecules of C9 into a pore-forming structure known as the membrane attack complex.<sup id="cite_ref-Janeway_2001_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janeway_2001-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>MAC has a <a href="/wiki/Hydrophobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrophobic">hydrophobic</a> <i>external face</i> allowing it to associate with the <a href="/wiki/Lipid_bilayer" title="Lipid bilayer">lipid bilayer</a>.</li> <li>MAC has a <a href="/wiki/Hydrophilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrophilic">hydrophilic</a> <i>internal face</i> to allow the passage of water.</li></ul> <p>Multiple molecules of C9 can join spontaneously in concentrated solution to form polymers of C9. These polymers can also form a tube-like structure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inhibition">Inhibition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_membrane_attack_complex&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inhibition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/CD59" title="CD59">CD59</a> acts to inhibit the complex. This exists on body cells to protect them from MAC. A rare condition, <a href="/wiki/Paroxysmal_nocturnal_haemoglobinuria" class="mw-redirect" title="Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria">paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria</a>, results in red blood cells that lack CD59. These cells can, therefore, be lysed by MAC. Inhibition of MAC has been shown to reduce inflammation and neuroaxonal loss at 72 hours post-Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) event, potentially preventing neurological damage, especially in cases with acquired sepsis or respiratory failure.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_membrane_attack_complex&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid32194049-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid32194049_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFXieJane-WitPober2020" class="citation journal cs1">Xie CB, Jane-Wit D, Pober JS (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7280757">"Complement Membrane Attack Complex: New Roles, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic Targets"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Journal_of_Pathology" title="The American Journal of Pathology">The American Journal of Pathology</a></i>. <b>190</b> (6): 1138–1150. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajpath.2020.02.006">10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.02.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7280757">7280757</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32194049">32194049</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Pathology&rft.atitle=Complement+Membrane+Attack+Complex%3A+New+Roles%2C+Mechanisms+of+Action%2C+and+Therapeutic+Targets&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1138-1150&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7280757%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32194049&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ajpath.2020.02.006&rft.aulast=Xie&rft.aufirst=CB&rft.au=Jane-Wit%2C+D&rft.au=Pober%2C+JS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7280757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComplement+membrane+attack+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Janeway_2001-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Janeway_2001_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janeway_2001_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link 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"Relationships between the gene and protein structure in human complement component C9". <i>Biochemistry</i>. <b>27</b> (17): 6529–6534. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fbi00417a050">10.1021/bi00417a050</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3219351">3219351</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+the+gene+and+protein+structure+in+human+complement+component+C9&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=6529-6534&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fbi00417a050&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3219351&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=KK&rft.au=Marazziti%2C+D&rft.au=Eggertsen%2C+G&rft.au=Fey%2C+GH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComplement+membrane+attack+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PUB00001141-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PUB00001141_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley_KKLuzio_JPTschopp_JKocher_HP1985" class="citation journal cs1">Stanley KK; Luzio JP; <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrg_Tschopp" title="Jürg Tschopp">Tschopp J</a>; Kocher HP; Jackson P (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC554196">"The sequence and topology of human complement component C9"</a>. <i>EMBO J</i>. <b>4</b> (2): 375–382. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1460-2075.1985.tb03639.x">10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03639.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC554196">554196</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4018030">4018030</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EMBO+J.&rft.atitle=The+sequence+and+topology+of+human+complement+component+C9&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=375-382&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC554196%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4018030&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1460-2075.1985.tb03639.x&rft.au=Stanley+KK&rft.au=Luzio+JP&rft.au=Tschopp+J&rft.au=Kocher+HP&rft.au=Jackson+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC554196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComplement+membrane+attack+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PUB00004608-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PUB00004608_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeyHugliPodackGehring1984" class="citation journal cs1">Fey GH, Hugli TE, Podack ER, Gehring MR, Kan CC, DiScipio RG (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC392133">"Nucleotide sequence of cDNA and derived amino acid sequence of human complement component C9"</a>. <i>Proc. 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Whisstock (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1144706">"A Common Fold Mediates Vertebrate Defense and Bacterial Attack"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>317</b> (5844): 1548–51. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Sci...317.1548R">2007Sci...317.1548R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1144706">10.1126/science.1144706</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17717151">17717151</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20372720">20372720</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=A+Common+Fold+Mediates+Vertebrate+Defense+and+Bacterial+Attack&rft.volume=317&rft.issue=5844&rft.pages=1548-51&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1144706&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A20372720%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17717151&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Sci...317.1548R&rft.au=Carlos+J.+Rosado&rft.au=Ashley+M.+Buckle&rft.au=Ruby+H.+P.+Law&rft.au=Rebecca+E.+Butcher&rft.au=Wan-Ting+Kan&rft.au=Catherina+H.+Bird&rft.au=Kheng+Ung&rft.au=Kylie+A.+Browne&rft.au=Katherine+Baran&rft.au=Tanya+A.+Bashtannyk-Puhalovich&rft.au=Noel+G.+Faux&rft.au=Wilson+Wong&rft.au=Corrine+J.+Porter&rft.au=Robert+N.+Pike&rft.au=Andrew+M.+Ellisdon&rft.au=Mary+C.+Pearce&rft.au=Stephen+P.+Bottomley&rft.au=Jonas+Emsley&rft.au=A.+Ian+Smith&rft.au=Jamie+Rossjohn&rft.au=Elizabeth+L.+Hartland&rft.au=Ilia+Voskoboinik&rft.au=Joseph+A.+Trapani&rft.au=Phillip+I.+Bird&rft.au=Michelle+A.+Dunstone&rft.au=James+C.+Whisstock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.1144706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComplement+membrane+attack+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadders2012" class="citation journal cs1">Hadders, MA (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314296">"Assembly and regulation of the membrane attack complex based on structures of C5b6 and sC5b9"</a>. <i>Cell Rep</i>. <b>1</b> (3): 200–207. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.celrep.2012.02.003">10.1016/j.celrep.2012.02.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314296">3314296</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22832194">22832194</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Rep&rft.atitle=Assembly+and+regulation+of+the+membrane+attack+complex+based+on+structures+of+C5b6+and+sC5b9&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=200-207&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3314296%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22832194&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.celrep.2012.02.003&rft.aulast=Hadders&rft.aufirst=MA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3314296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComplement+membrane+attack+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fluiter, K., Opperhuizen, A. L., Morgan, B. P., Baas, F., & Ramaglia, V. (2014). Inhibition of the membrane attack complex of the complement system reduces secondary neuroaxonal loss and promotes neurologic recovery after traumatic brain injury in mice. The Journal of Immunology, 192(5), 2339–2348. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1302793">https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1302793</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathology">Pathology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_membrane_attack_complex&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pathology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deficiencies of C5 to C9 components do not lead to a generalized susceptibility to infections but only to an increased susceptibility to <i><a href="/wiki/Neisseria" title="Neisseria">Neisseria</a></i> infections,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since <i>Neisseria</i> have a thin <a href="/wiki/Cell_wall" title="Cell wall">cell wall</a> and little to no <a href="/wiki/Glycocalyx" title="Glycocalyx">glycocalyx</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_membrane_attack_complex&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_complement_pathway_deficiency" title="Terminal complement pathway deficiency">Terminal complement pathway deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paroxysmal_nocturnal_haemoglobinuria" class="mw-redirect" title="Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria">Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perforin" class="mw-redirect" title="Perforin">Perforin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pore-forming_toxin" title="Pore-forming toxin">Pore-forming toxin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_membrane_attack_complex&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald Hoffman, Leslie E. Silberstein, Helen Heslop, Jeffrey Weitz, <i>Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice</i>, 6th ed., Elsevier, 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a1estSuaQ6kC&pg=PA231">page 231</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbas2020" class="citation book cs1">Abbas, Abul K. (2020). <i>Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System</i> (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. pp. 158–176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-54943-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-54943-1"><bdi>978-0-323-54943-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Immunology%3A+Functions+and+Disorders+of+the+Immune+System&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=158-176&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-323-54943-1&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=Abul+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComplement+membrane+attack+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_membrane_attack_complex&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Complement_system" title="Template:Complement system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Complement_system" title="Template talk:Complement system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Complement_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Complement system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Complement_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Complement_system" title="Complement system">Complement system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pathways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_complement_pathway" title="Classical complement pathway">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lectin_pathway" title="Lectin pathway">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_complement_pathway" title="Alternative complement pathway">A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activators/enzymes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>C:</i> <a href="/wiki/C1_complex" title="C1 complex">C1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_1q" title="Complement component 1q">C1q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_1r" title="Complement component 1r">C1r</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_1s" title="Complement component 1s">C1s</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_4" title="Complement component 4">C4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C4A" title="C4A">C4a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C4B" class="mw-redirect" title="C4B">C4b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_2" title="Complement component 2">C2</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>L:</i> <a href="/wiki/MASP1_(protein)" title="MASP1 (protein)">MASP1</a>/<a href="/wiki/MASP2_(protein)" title="MASP2 (protein)">MASP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannan-binding_lectin" title="Mannan-binding lectin">MBL</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>A:</i> <a href="/wiki/Complement_factor_B" title="Complement factor B">Factor B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_D" title="Factor D">Factor D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properdin" title="Properdin">Factor P/Properdin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_3" title="Complement component 3">C3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C3a_(complement)" title="C3a (complement)">C3a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C3b" title="C3b">C3b</a>/<a href="/wiki/IC3b" title="IC3b">iC3b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_5" title="Complement component 5">C5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_5a" title="Complement component 5a">C5a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_5b" class="mw-redirect" title="Complement component 5b">C5b</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C3-convertase" title="C3-convertase">C3-convertase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C5-convertase" title="C5-convertase">C5-convertase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_5b" class="mw-redirect" title="Complement component 5b">C5b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_6" title="Complement component 6">C6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_7" title="Complement component 7">C7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C8_complex" title="C8 complex">C8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_9" title="Complement component 9">C9</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>CLA:</i> <a href="/wiki/C1-inhibitor" title="C1-inhibitor">C1-inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decay-accelerating_factor" title="Decay-accelerating factor">Decay-accelerating factor</a>/<a href="/wiki/CD59" title="CD59">CD59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_factor_I" title="Complement factor I">Factor I</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>CL:</i> <a href="/wiki/C4b-binding_protein" title="C4b-binding protein">C4BP</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>A:</i> <a href="/wiki/Factor_H" title="Factor H">Factor H</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor" title="Complement receptor">Complement receptors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor_1" title="Complement receptor 1">CR1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor_2" title="Complement receptor 2">CR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrophage-1_antigen" title="Macrophage-1 antigen">CR3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrin_alphaXbeta2" title="Integrin alphaXbeta2">CR4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrin_alpha_M" title="Integrin alpha M">CD11b</a>/<a href="/wiki/CD11c" class="mw-redirect" title="CD11c">CD11c</a>/<a href="/wiki/CD18" class="mw-redirect" title="CD18">CD18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphylatoxin_receptors" title="Anaphylatoxin receptors">Anaphylatoxin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C3a_receptor" title="C3a receptor">C3a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C5a_receptor" title="C5a receptor">C5a</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytotoxicity" title="Cytotoxicity">Cytotoxicity</a>(by MAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immune_adherence" title="Immune adherence">immune adherence</a></li> <li>Inducing <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opsonization" class="mw-redirect" title="Opsonization">Opsonization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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