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Nurmesniemi</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Hannu Nurmesniemi"> <meta name="keywords" content="Hannu Nurmesniemi"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Hannu Nurmesniemi"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Hannu Nurmesniemi</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Release of Elements in Bottom Ash and Fly Ash from Incineration of Peat- and Wood-Residues using a Sequential Extraction Procedure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Risto%20Poykio">Risto Poykio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kati%20Manskinen"> Kati Manskinen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Olli%20Dahl"> Olli Dahl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mikko%20M%C3%A4kel%C3%A4"> Mikko Mäkelä</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hannu%20Nurmesniemi"> Hannu Nurmesniemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>When the results of the total element concentrations using USEPA method 3051A are compared to the sequential extraction analyses (i.e. the sum of fractions BCR1, BCR2 and BRC3), it can be calculated that the recovery values of elements varied between 56.8-% and 69.4-% in the bottom ash, and between 11.3-% and 70.9-% in the fly ash. This indicates that most of the elements in the ashes do not occur as readily soluble forms.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ash" title="Ash">Ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BCR" title=" BCR"> BCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=leaching" title=" leaching"> leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solubility" title=" solubility"> solubility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste" title=" waste"> waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9416/release-of-elements-in-bottom-ash-and-fly-ash-from-incineration-of-peat-and-wood-residues-using-a-sequential-extraction-procedure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9416/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9416/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9416/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9416/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9416/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9416/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9416/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9416/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9416/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9416/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1580</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Extractability of Heavy Metals in Green Liquor Dregs using Artificial Sweat and Gastric Fluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kati%20Manskinen">Kati Manskinen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Risto%20P%C3%B6yki%C3%B6"> Risto Pöykiö</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hannu%20Nurmesniemi"> Hannu Nurmesniemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In an assessment of the extractability of metals in green liquor dregs from the chemical recovery circuit of semichemical pulp mill, extractable concentrations of heavy metals in artificial gastric fluid were between 10 (Ni) and 717 (Zn) times higher than those in artificial sweat fluid. Only Al (6.7 mg/kg; d.w.), Ni (1.2 mg/kg; d.w.) and Zn (1.8 mg/kg; d.w.) showed extractability in the artificial sweat fluid, whereas Al (730 mg/kg; d.w.), Ba (770 mg/kg; d.w.) and Zn (1290 mg/kg; d.w.) showed clear extractability in the artificial gastric fluid. As certain heavy metals were clearly soluble in the artificial gastric fluid, the careful handling of this residue is recommended in order to prevent the penetration of green liquor dregs across the human gastrointestinal tract. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dregs" title="Dregs">Dregs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=non-process%20elements" title=" non-process elements"> non-process elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pulping" title=" pulping"> pulping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste." title=" waste."> waste.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4864/extractability-of-heavy-metals-in-green-liquor-dregs-using-artificial-sweat-and-gastric-fluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4864/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4864/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4864/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4864/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4864/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4864/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4864/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4864/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4864/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4864/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1751</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Comparison of The Fertilizer Properties of Ash Fractions from Medium-Sized (32 MW) and Small-Sized (6 MW) Municipal District Heating Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hannu%20Nurmesniemi">Hannu Nurmesniemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mikko%20M%C3%A4kel%C3%A4"> Mikko Mäkelä</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Risto%20P%C3%B6yki%C3%B6"> Risto Pöykiö</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Olli%20Dahl"> Olli Dahl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the low heavy metal concentrations, the bottom ash from a 32 MW municipal district heating plant was determined to be a potential forest fertilizer as such. However, additional Ca would be needed, because its Ca concentration of 1.9- % (d.w.) was lower than the statutory Finnish minimum limit value of 6.0-% (d.w.) for Ca in forest fertilizer. Due to the elevated As concentration (53.0 mg/kg; d.w.) in the fly ash from the 32 MW municipal district heating plant, and Cr concentration (620 mg/kg; d.w.) in the ash fraction (i.e. mixture of the bottom ash and fly ash) from the 6 MW municipal district heating plant, which exceed the limit values of 30 mg/kg (d.w.) and 300 mg/kg (d.w.) for As and Cr, respectively, these residues are not suitable as forest fertilizers. Although these ash fractions cannot be used as a forest fertilizer as such, they can be used for the landscaping of landfills or in industrial and other areas that are closed to the public. However, an environmental permit is then needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ash" title="Ash">Ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fertilizer" title=" fertilizer"> fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=peat" title=" peat"> peat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=forest%20residue" title=" forest residue"> forest residue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste" title=" waste"> waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11180/comparison-of-the-fertilizer-properties-of-ash-fractions-from-medium-sized-32-mw-and-small-sized-6-mw-municipal-district-heating-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11180/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11180/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11180/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11180/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11180/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11180/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11180/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11180/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11180/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11180/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Extractable Heavy Metal Concentrations in Bottom Ash from Incineration of Wood-Based Residues in a BFB Boiler Using Artificial Sweat and Gastric Fluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Risto%20P%C3%B6yki%C3%B6">Risto Pöykiö</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Olli%20Dahl"> Olli Dahl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hannu%20Nurmesniemi"> Hannu Nurmesniemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The highest extractable concentration in the artificial sweat fluid was observed for Ba (120mg/kg; d.w.). The highest extractable concentration in the artificial gastric fluid was observed for Al (9030mg/kg; d.w.). Furthermore, the extractable concentrations of Ba (550mg/kg; d.w.) and Zn (400mg/kg: d.w.) in the bottom ash using artificial gastric fluid were elevated. The extractable concentrations of all heavy metals in the artificial gastric fluid were higher than those in the artificial sweat fluid. These results are reasonable in the light of the fact that the pH of the artificial gastric fluid was extremely acidic both before (pH 1.54) and after (pH 1.94) extraction, whereas the pH of the artificial sweat fluid was slightly alkaline before (pH 6.50) and after extraction (pH 8.51).</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ash" title="Ash">Ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=artificial%20fluid" title=" artificial fluid"> artificial fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=in%20vitro" title=" in vitro"> in vitro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste." title=" waste."> waste.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16913/extractable-heavy-metal-concentrations-in-bottom-ash-from-incineration-of-wood-based-residues-in-a-bfb-boiler-using-artificial-sweat-and-gastric-fluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16913/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16913/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16913/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16913/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16913/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16913/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16913/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16913/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16913/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16913/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2929</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Scots Pine Needles as Bioindicators in Determining the Aerial Distribution Pattern of Sulphur Emissions around Industrial Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Risto%20P%C3%B6yki%C3%B6">Risto Pöykiö</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jari%20Hietala"> Jari Hietala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hannu%20Nurmesniemi"> Hannu Nurmesniemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) C needles (i.e. the current-year-needles) were used as bioindicators in determining the aerial distribution pattern of sulphur emissions around industrial point sources at Kemi, Northern Finland. The average sulphur concentration in the C needles was 897 mg/kg (d.w.), with a standard deviation of 118 mg/kg (d.w.) and range 740 – 1350 mg/kg (d.w.). According to results in this study, Scots pine needles (Pinus sylvestris L.) appear to be an ideal bioindicators for identifying atmospheric sulphur pollution derived from industrial plants and can complement the information provided by plant mapping studies around industrial plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Emission" title="Emission">Emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sulphur" title=" Sulphur"> Sulphur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Scots%20Pine" title=" Scots Pine"> Scots Pine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pinus%20sylvestris" title=" Pinus sylvestris"> Pinus sylvestris</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10251/scots-pine-needles-as-bioindicators-in-determining-the-aerial-distribution-pattern-of-sulphur-emissions-around-industrial-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10251/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10251/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10251/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10251/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10251/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10251/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10251/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10251/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10251/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10251/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1746</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Application of a Modified BCR Approach to Investigate the Mobility and Availability of Trace Elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo,Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg) from a Solid Residue Matrix Designed for Soil Amendment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mikko%20M%C3%A4kel%C3%A4">Mikko Mäkelä</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Risto%20P%C3%B6yki%C3%B6"> Risto Pöykiö</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gary%20Watkins"> Gary Watkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hannu%20Nurmesniemi"> Hannu Nurmesniemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Olli%20Dahl"> Olli Dahl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trace element speciation of an integrated soil amendment matrix was studied with a modified BCR sequential extraction procedure. The analysis included pseudo-total concentration determinations according to USEPA 3051A and relevant physicochemical properties by standardized methods. Based on the results, the soil amendment matrix possessed neutralization capacity comparable to commercial fertilizers. Additionally, the pseudo-total concentrations of all trace elements included in the Finnish regulation for agricultural fertilizers were lower than the respective statutory limit values. According to chemical speciation, the lability of trace elements increased in the following order: Hg < Cr < Co < Cu < As < Zn < Ni < Pb < Cd < V < Mo < Ba. The validity of the BCR approach as a tool for chemical speciation was confirmed by the additional acid digestion phase. Recovery of trace elements during the procedure assured the validity of the approach and indicated good quality of the analytical work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BCR" title="BCR">BCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bioavailability" title=" bioavailability"> bioavailability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=trace%20element" title=" trace element"> trace element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=industrialresidue" title=" industrialresidue"> industrialresidue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sequential%20extraction" title=" sequential extraction"> sequential extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13518/application-of-a-modified-bcr-approach-to-investigate-the-mobility-and-availability-of-trace-elements-as-ba-cd-co-cr-cu-moni-pb-zn-and-hg-from-a-solid-residue-matrix-designed-for-soil-amendment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13518/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13518/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13518/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13518/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13518/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13518/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13518/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13518/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13518/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13518/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1844</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> 3D Network-on-Chip with on-Chip DRAM: An Empirical Analysis for Future Chip Multiprocessor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thomas%20Canhao%20Xu">Thomas Canhao Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bo%20Yang"> Bo Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alexander%20Wei%20Yin"> Alexander Wei Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pasi%20Liljeberg">Pasi Liljeberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hannu%20Tenhunen"> Hannu Tenhunen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>With the increasing number of on-chip components and the critical requirement for processing power, Chip Multiprocessor (CMP) has gained wide acceptance in both academia and industry during the last decade. However, the conventional bus-based onchip communication schemes suffer from very high communication delay and low scalability in large scale systems. Network-on-Chip (NoC) has been proposed to solve the bottleneck of parallel onchip communications by applying different network topologies which separate the communication phase from the computation phase. Observing that the memory bandwidth of the communication between on-chip components and off-chip memory has become a critical problem even in NoC based systems, in this paper, we propose a novel 3D NoC with on-chip Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) in which different layers are dedicated to different functionalities such as processors, cache or memory. Results show that, by using our proposed architecture, average link utilization has reduced by 10.25% for SPLASH-2 workloads. Our proposed design costs 1.12% less execution cycles than the traditional design on average.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20integration" title="3D integration">3D integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=network-on-chip" title=" network-on-chip"> network-on-chip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=memory-on-chip" title=" memory-on-chip"> memory-on-chip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DRAM" title=" DRAM"> DRAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chip%20multiprocessor." title=" chip multiprocessor."> chip multiprocessor.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4220/3d-network-on-chip-with-on-chip-dram-an-empirical-analysis-for-future-chip-multiprocessor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4220/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a 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