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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cillit_Bang_viral_marketing_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cillit_Bang_viral_marketing_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cillit Bang viral marketing controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cillit_Bang_viral_marketing_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_shareholder_revolt_on_executive_remuneration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_shareholder_revolt_on_executive_remuneration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2012 shareholder revolt on executive remuneration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_shareholder_revolt_on_executive_remuneration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Taxation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_audience_measurement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_audience_measurement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Television audience measurement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_audience_measurement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_for_fossil_fuel_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_for_fossil_fuel_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Work for fossil fuel companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_for_fossil_fuel_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Violating_the_law_in_Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violating_the_law_in_Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Violating the law in Vietnam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violating_the_law_in_Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">WPP plc</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="دبليو بي بي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دبليو بي بي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="دبلیوپی‌پی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دبلیوپی‌پی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_(firma)" title="WPP (firma) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="WPP (firma)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_plc" title="WPP plc – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="WPP plc" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_Group" title="WPP Group – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="WPP Group" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP" title="WPP – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="WPP" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="دبلیوپی‌پی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دبلیوپی‌پی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP" title="WPP – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="WPP" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%B9" title="WPP 그룹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="WPP 그룹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_plc" title="WPP plc – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="WPP plc" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_and_Plastic_Products" title="Wire and Plastic Products – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wire and Plastic Products" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80)" title="डब्ल्यूपीपी (जाहिरात कंपनी) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डब्ल्यूपीपी (जाहिरात कंपनी)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_plc" title="WPP plc – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="WPP plc" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_Group" title="WPP Group – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="WPP Group" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97" title="WPPグループ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="WPPグループ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP" title="WPP – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="WPP" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_Group" title="WPP Group – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="WPP Group" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_Group" title="WPP Group – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="WPP Group" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP" title="WPP – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="WPP" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_plc" title="WPP plc – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="WPP plc" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP" title="WPP – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="WPP" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP" title="WPP – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="WPP" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_Group" title="WPP Group – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="WPP Group" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_plc" title="WPP plc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="WPP plc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="WPP集团 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="WPP集团" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1318049#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/WPP_plc" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:WPP_plc" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page 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searchaux" style="display:none">British multinational advertising and public relations company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/WPP_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="WPP (disambiguation)">WPP</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">WPP plc</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_WPP_plc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Logo_of_WPP_plc.svg/170px-Logo_of_WPP_plc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Logo_of_WPP_plc.svg/255px-Logo_of_WPP_plc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Logo_of_WPP_plc.svg/340px-Logo_of_WPP_plc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="154" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">LSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londonstockexchange.com/stock/WPP//">WPP</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:WPP">WPP</a><br /><a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100 Component</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data">JE00B8KF9B49 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318049?uselang=en#P946" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications">Communications</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_agency" title="Advertising agency">Advertising</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1971<span class="noprint">; 54 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1971</span>)</span> (Wire and Plastic Products plc)</li><li>1985<span class="noprint">; 40 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1985</span>)</span> (Sorrell acquisition and entry into advertising)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Sorrell" title="Martin Sorrell">Martin Sorrell</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Rabl" title="Preston Rabl">Preston Rabl</a></li></ul></div>(as an advertising company)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England, UK</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Quarta" title="Roberto Quarta">Roberto Quarta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a>)</li><li>Mark Read (<a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Integrated networks</li> <li>media</li> <li>data and insights</li> <li>public relations and public affairs</li> <li>brand consulting</li> <li>production</li> <li>health and wellness<sup id="cite_ref-Our_companies_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Our_companies-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> £14.8 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-PreliminaryResults_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PreliminaryResults-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> £531.0 million (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-PreliminaryResults_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PreliminaryResults-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> £197.2 million (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-PreliminaryResults_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PreliminaryResults-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">100,000 (2025)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/AKQA" title="AKQA">AKQA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Burson_Cohn_%26_Wolfe" class="mw-redirect" title="Burson Cohn & Wolfe">BCW</a></li><li>CMI Media Group</li><li><a href="/wiki/Essence_Global" title="Essence Global">EssenceMediacom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Global_Group" title="Grey Global Group">Grey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hill%2BKnowlton_Strategies" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill+Knowlton Strategies">Hill+Knowlton Strategies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mindshare_(firm)" title="Mindshare (firm)">Mindshare</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ogilvy_(agency)" title="Ogilvy (agency)">Ogilvy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/MEC_(media_agency)" class="mw-redirect" title="MEC (media agency)">Wavemaker</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/UWG_Inc." title="UWG Inc.">UWG</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/VML_(agency)" title="VML (agency)">VML</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpp.com">www<wbr />.wpp<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>WPP plc</b> is a British <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications">communications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advertising_agency" title="Advertising agency">advertising</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">public relations</a>, technology, and commerce holding company headquartered in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England. It is the world's largest advertising company, as of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WPP plc owns many companies, which include advertising, public relations, media, and <a href="/wiki/Market_research" title="Market research">market research</a> networks such as <a href="/wiki/AKQA" title="AKQA">AKQA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burson_Cohn_%26_Wolfe" class="mw-redirect" title="Burson Cohn & Wolfe">BCW</a>, CMI Media Group, <a href="/wiki/Essence_Global" title="Essence Global">EssenceMediacom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finsbury_(public_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Finsbury (public relations)">Finsbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey_Global_Group" title="Grey Global Group">Grey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hill_%26_Knowlton" title="Hill & Knowlton">Hill & Knowlton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mindshare_(firm)" title="Mindshare (firm)">Mindshare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ogilvy_(agency)" title="Ogilvy (agency)">Ogilvy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wavemaker_(media_agency)" title="Wavemaker (media agency)">Wavemaker</a>, and <a href="/wiki/VML_(agency)" title="VML (agency)">VML</a>. It is one of the "Big Four" agency companies, alongside <a href="/wiki/Publicis" title="Publicis">Publicis</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Interpublic_Group_of_Companies" title="The Interpublic Group of Companies">The Interpublic Group of Companies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Omnicom_Group" title="Omnicom Group">Omnicom Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Advertising's_Big_Four:_It's_Their_World_Now_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Advertising's_Big_Four:_It's_Their_World_Now-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WPP has a primary listing on the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a>, and is a constituent of the <a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100 Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LSE_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSE-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 April 2018, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Sorrell" title="Martin Sorrell">Martin Sorrell</a> retired 33 years after founding the company, following allegations of bullying and sexual indescretions,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Quarta" title="Roberto Quarta">Roberto Quarta</a> was appointed <a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">chairman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg-april-2018_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-april-2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mark Read was appointed <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> in September 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WPP_plc&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company was founded as <b>Wire and Plastic Products plc</b> to manufacture wire shopping baskets in 1971. In 1985 <a href="/wiki/Martin_Sorrell" title="Martin Sorrell">Martin Sorrell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Preston_Rabl" title="Preston Rabl">Preston Rabl</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> searching for a listed company through which to build a worldwide marketing services company, bought a controlling stake.<sup id="cite_ref-history_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, WPP became the parent company of Picquotware, a manufacturer of teapots and jugs, based in <a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a>. In November 1987 a fire destroyed the Northampton factory, so production was restarted at <a href="/wiki/Burntwood" title="Burntwood">Burntwood</a> in Staffordshire. On 25 November 2004 WPP closed the Burntwood factory, and stopped manufacturing Picquotware; all assets were sold on 14 December 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1980s, WPP began its strategy of growth via acquisitions.<sup id="cite_ref-Klara18_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klara18-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later years, WPP regularly acquired dozens of companies annually.<sup id="cite_ref-Klara18_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klara18-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1987, the company acquired Scott Stern Associates, at the time Scotland's largest design and advertising company.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year (1987), the company acquired J. Walter Thompson (including <a href="/wiki/J._Walter_Thompson" title="J. Walter Thompson">JWT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hill_%26_Knowlton" title="Hill & Knowlton">Hill & Knowlton</a>, and MRB Group) for $566m.<sup id="cite_ref-history_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was listed on the NASDAQ in 1988 (and later switched its secondary listing to the NYSE).<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph-NASDAQ_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-NASDAQ-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989, it acquired Ogilvy Group for $864m.<sup id="cite_ref-history_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WPP's acquisitions continued into the 1990s, when WPP bought firms in the healthcare advertising, digital-marketing, online shopping, digital media, data management, retail and corporate consultancy, and sports-marketing industries. This included the 1999 acquisition of Lambie-Nairn.<sup id="cite_ref-Klara18_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klara18-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, WPP formed an alliance with Asatsu-DK Inc. of Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-history_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2000, WPP agreed to acquire the United States–based <a href="/wiki/Young_%26_Rubicam" class="mw-redirect" title="Young & Rubicam">Young & Rubicam Group</a> for $5.7 billion, in what was at the time the largest ever takeover in the advertising sector.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt952000_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt952000-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The takeover made WPP the largest advertising company in the world measured by billings and revenue, overtaking <a href="/wiki/Omnicom_Group" title="Omnicom Group">Omnicom Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interpublic_Group_of_Companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpublic Group of Companies">Interpublic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt952000_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt952000-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2000s, WPP Digital was created to develop the group's digital capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinclair07_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinclair07-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2008, WPP acquired market research firm <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Nelson_Sofres" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylor Nelson Sofres">Taylor Nelson Sofres</a> for £1.6 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 2009 WPP reduced its workforce by around 14,000 employees, or 12.3% of its then total staff numbers, in response to the onset of the <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932012_global_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–2012 global recession">2008–2012 global recession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2012, WPP agreed to acquire the digital advertising agency <a href="/wiki/AKQA" title="AKQA">AKQA</a> for US$540 million.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2015, WPP agreed to acquire a majority stake in <a href="/wiki/Essence_Global" title="Essence Global">Essence</a>, a global digital agency.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2016, WPP announced it will be acquiring PEP, LLC, a project management and procurement company that oversees shopper marketing promotions for clients, in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of WPP's constituent agencies use <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, and the organisation was among those hit by the <a href="/wiki/2017_cyberattacks_on_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 cyberattacks on Ukraine">2017 cyberattacks on Ukraine</a>, with some staff's computer access limited to <a href="/wiki/Webmail" title="Webmail">webmail</a> only as much as ten days later.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nash18_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nash18-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WPP merged Burson-Marsteller with Cohn & Wolfe to become <a href="/wiki/Burson_Cohn_%26_Wolfe" class="mw-redirect" title="Burson Cohn & Wolfe">BCW (Burson Cohn & Wolfe)</a> in February 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-PR-Week-merge1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PR-Week-merge1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2018, Martin Sorrell retired after 33 years, following allegations of personal misconduct and misuse of company assets. Sorrell has denied the allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg-april-2018_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-april-2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chairman Roberto Quarta was temporarily named executive chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg-april-2018_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-april-2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2018, Mark Read, who was the global CEO of Wunderman,<sup id="cite_ref-Graham18_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham18-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was named CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-Sweney18_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweney18-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kostov18_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kostov18-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 2010s, the advertising industry faced significant challenges. Changes in the industry landscape included financial pressure on global clients, in particular <a href="/wiki/Fast-moving_consumer_goods" title="Fast-moving consumer goods">fast-moving consumer goods</a> clients, companies taking work in-house, the ability to directly advertise on tech platforms, and competition with consultancies.<sup id="cite_ref-Economist18_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist18-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Proud17_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Proud17-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bond18_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bond18-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While WPP had previously outperformed other companies in the industry, its growth slowed starting in 2017 and its market value dropped in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Holton18_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holton18-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics said WPP needed to become "nimbler" and "leaner".<sup id="cite_ref-Economist18_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist18-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, many WPP agencies operated mostly independently and competed for accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Garrahan19_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garrahan19-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 2018, Read said the company had grown "unwieldy with too much duplication".<sup id="cite_ref-Sweney18_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweney18-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He instituted a plan to reposition WPP as a "creative transformation company" and make its offer simpler.<sup id="cite_ref-Sweney18_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweney18-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Read emphasized the importance of technology<sup id="cite_ref-Mayes18_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayes18-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also merged several WPP agencies:<sup id="cite_ref-Sweney18_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweney18-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> J. Walter Thompson merged with Wunderman to create Wunderman Thompson<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Y&R merged with VML to create VMLY&R.<sup id="cite_ref-Sweney18_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweney18-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within Read's first year as CEO, he trimmed WPP by selling more than 30 subsidiaries,<sup id="cite_ref-Nilsson19_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nilsson19-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including a majority stake in <a href="/wiki/Kantar_Group" title="Kantar Group">Kantar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nilsson19_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nilsson19-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By selling a majority stake of Kantar to <a href="/wiki/Bain_Capital" title="Bain Capital">Bain Capital</a>, WPP is believed to have generated $3.1 billion to help pay down debt.<sup id="cite_ref-GrahamKantar19_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrahamKantar19-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Read also sold the original Wire and Plastic Products company that Sorrell had purchased to create his business empire.<sup id="cite_ref-NilssonChime19_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NilssonChime19-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sale of 60% of the shares in Kantar was completed in December 2019. $1.9bn was used to reduce WPP's debt, and $1.2bn was returned to shareholders.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2022, WPP acquired Corebiz, a Latin American ecommerce agency, for an undisclosed amount.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2024, WPP announced the appointment of former <a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a> chief Philip Jansen as its chairman succeeding Roberto Quarta.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jansen is set to take over from Quarta as chairman on 1 January 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WPP_plc&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WPP is a large holding company involved in communications, advertising, public relations, and other businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-Klara18_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klara18-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is considered the world's biggest advertising agency group.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayes18_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayes18-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WPP focuses on communications, experience, commerce, and technology.<sup id="cite_ref-McClellan18_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClellan18-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coffee18_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffee18-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Headquartered in London, England, WPP has approximately 130,000 employees throughout its portfolio of businesses across more than 100 countries, as of 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Sweney18_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweney18-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WPP's notable advertising agency company holdings include <a href="/wiki/Grey_Global_Group" title="Grey Global Group">Grey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ogilvy_(agency)" title="Ogilvy (agency)">Ogilvy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Klara18_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klara18-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Young_%26_Rubicam_Brands" class="mw-redirect" title="Young & Rubicam Brands">VMLY&R</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wunderman_Thompson" title="Wunderman Thompson">Wunderman Thompson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beer18_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beer18-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/XM_Gravity_Indonesia" title="XM Gravity Indonesia">XM Gravity Indonesia</a> subsidiary company was founded in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WPP's digital company holdings include <a href="/wiki/AKQA" title="AKQA">AKQA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Klara18_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klara18-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WPP's public relations and public affairs company holdings include <a href="/wiki/Hill%2BKnowlton_Strategies" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill+Knowlton Strategies">Hill+Knowlton Strategies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burson_Cohn_%26_Wolfe" class="mw-redirect" title="Burson Cohn & Wolfe">BCW (Burson Cohn & Wolfe)</a>, and Ogilvy.<sup id="cite_ref-Klara18_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klara18-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WPP's media investment management company holdings include GroupM, <a href="/wiki/Mindshare_(firm)" title="Mindshare (firm)">Mindshare</a>, <a href="/wiki/MEC_(media_agency)" class="mw-redirect" title="MEC (media agency)">Wavemaker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Essence_Global" title="Essence Global">Essence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Spanier17_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spanier17-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WPP's research insight and consulting companies include <a href="/wiki/Kantar_Group" title="Kantar Group">Kantar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nilsson19_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nilsson19-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hogarth_Worldwide" title="Hogarth Worldwide">Hogarth Worldwide</a> is a WPP-owned production company.<sup id="cite_ref-Coffee18_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffee18-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WPP's shopper marketing promotions company is PEP, LLC (formerly Promotion Execution Partners).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WPP-owned brand consultancies include Superunion (a combination of <a href="/wiki/Brand_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Brand Union">Brand Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lambie-Nairn" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambie-Nairn">Lambie-Nairn</a>, and three other brand consulting businesses)<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy18_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy18-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rittenhouse18_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rittenhouse18-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Landor_Associates" title="Landor Associates">Landor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Klara18_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klara18-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WPP_plc&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cillit_Bang_viral_marketing_controversy">Cillit Bang viral marketing controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WPP_plc&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cillit Bang viral marketing controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005 advertising agency Cohn & Wolfe (later merged into WPP) was contracted by <a href="/wiki/Reckitt" title="Reckitt">Reckitt</a> to operate a <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blog</a> as the fictional character Barry Scott, advertising mascot for Reckitt's cleaning fluid <a href="/wiki/Cillit_Bang" class="mw-redirect" title="Cillit Bang">Cillit Bang</a>, as a <a href="/wiki/Viral_marketing" title="Viral marketing">viral marketing</a> platform. In October of that year <a href="/wiki/Blogger" class="mw-redirect" title="Blogger">blogger</a> Tom Coates wrote an emotional post to his own blog about his long-estranged father. Among the expressions of condolences and sympathy in the post's comment section was one from a user identifying themselves as Barry Scott, with a link back to Cohn & Wolfe's in-character blog as Barry Scott. Offended by the apparent use of his blog comments on such a personal post as a <a href="/wiki/Spam_in_blogs" title="Spam in blogs">spam advertising</a> venue, Coates traced the comment's originating <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> through addresses owned by <a href="/wiki/VMLY%26R" title="VMLY&R">Young & Rubicam</a> and back to Reckitt. Reckitt initially denied responsibility for the message, but wrote Coates an apology acknowledging the message's inappropriateness, and Cohn & Wolfe issued a statement of remorse for their misuse of the "experimental" blog which they then ceased operating.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The controversy and its fallout led to further discussions among the blogger community as well as the advertising industry on the ethical issues surrounding blogs being "operated" by fictional characters for the purposes of advertising without being clearly labeled as such, and the extent to which those blogs should be allowed to participate in the greater <a href="/wiki/Blogosphere" title="Blogosphere">blogosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_shareholder_revolt_on_executive_remuneration">2012 shareholder revolt on executive remuneration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WPP_plc&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2012 shareholder revolt on executive remuneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With a number of shareholder revolts over <a href="/wiki/Executive_pay" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive pay">executive pay</a> having already happened at other public companies' AGMs earlier in the year, the media coverage of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Sorrell" title="Martin Sorrell">Martin Sorrell</a>'s intended £12.93m compensation package drew increasing public attention in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guard13612_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guard13612-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result was a 59.52% shareholder vote to reject the resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-guard13612_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guard13612-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxation">Taxation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WPP_plc&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Taxation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It has been reported that WPP goes to great lengths to lower its own corporate tax bill. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> reported that between 2003 and 2009 the company paid £27m in UK corporation tax, compared to what the newspaper "might expect" based on reports of the firm making 15% of its profit in the UK, of around £126m.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_audience_measurement">Television audience measurement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WPP_plc&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Television audience measurement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, the Indian broadcasting <a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a> filed a lawsuit against Television Audience Measurement (TAM), a joint venture of the former competitors <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen Company">Nielsen</a> and Kantar Media Research which for years has provided the only TV audience measurement system in India. The lawsuit alleged that viewership data were manipulated in favor of broadcasters willing to provide bribes.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner12_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner12-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WPP Plc was listed among the defendants as the holding group of Kantar and IMRB.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lawsuit was dismissed in its entirety on 4 March 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_for_fossil_fuel_companies">Work for fossil fuel companies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WPP_plc&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Work for fossil fuel companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WPP handles the accounts of many major oil companies.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Asked by Reuters to disclose their client list, WPP refused to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WPP has defended its work for <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuel</a> companies.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lawsuits have alleged that four of WPP's advertisement campaigns for fossil fuel companies have been misleading or entailed <a href="/wiki/Greenwashing" title="Greenwashing">greenwashing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_73-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violating_the_law_in_Vietnam">Violating the law in Vietnam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WPP_plc&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Violating the law in Vietnam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WPP has been fined on three occasions by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Communications_(Vietnam)" title="Ministry of Information and Communications (Vietnam)">Ministry of Information and Communications</a> for advertising products on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> and <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> in a manner which breached Vietnam's strict laws on cross-border advertising.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislation is designed to combat offensive material which is intended to damage the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party of Vietnam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam" title="Government of Vietnam">Government of Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WPP had committed various advertising violations, including inserting advertisements into intervals in the Chinese drama series <i>Flight to You</i> which depicted the disputed <a href="/wiki/U-shaped_line" class="mw-redirect" title="U-shaped line">U-shaped line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WPP_plc&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WPP_plc&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Our_companies-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Our_companies_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpp.com/contacts#tab-companies">"Our companies"</a>. <i>WPP plc</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WPP+plc&rft.atitle=Our+companies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpp.com%2Fcontacts%23tab-companies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWPP+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PreliminaryResults-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PreliminaryResults_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PreliminaryResults_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PreliminaryResults_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpp.com/-/media/project/wpp/files/investors/2024/wpp-2023-preliminary-results.pdf?la=en">"Preliminary Results 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. WPP plc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preliminary+Results+2023&rft.pub=WPP+plc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpp.com%2F-%2Fmedia%2Fproject%2Fwpp%2Ffiles%2Finvestors%2F2024%2Fwpp-2023-preliminary-results.pdf%3Fla%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWPP+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpp.com/about">"About us"</a>. WPP<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+us&rft.pub=WPP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpp.com%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWPP+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/29/tech/nvidia-wpp-ai-advertising/index.html">"The world's biggest ad agency is going all in on AI with Nvidia's help"</a>. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+biggest+ad+agency+is+going+all+in+on+AI+with+Nvidia%27s+help&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F05%2F29%2Ftech%2Fnvidia-wpp-ai-advertising%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWPP+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Advertising's_Big_Four:_It's_Their_World_Now-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Advertising's_Big_Four:_It's_Their_World_Now_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2002" class="citation news cs1">Elliott, Stuart (31 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/31/business/advertising-s-big-four-it-s-their-world-now.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">"Advertising's Big Four: It's Their World Now"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Advertising%27s+Big+Four%3A+It%27s+Their+World+Now&rft.date=2002-03-31&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F03%2F31%2Fbusiness%2Fadvertising-s-big-four-it-s-their-world-now.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWPP+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LSE-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LSE_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/prices-and-markets/stocks/summary/company-summary/JE00B8KF9B49JEGBXSET1.html?lang=en">"WPP"</a>. <i>London Stock Exchange</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=London+Stock+Exchange&rft.atitle=WPP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.londonstockexchange.com%2Fexchange%2Fprices-and-markets%2Fstocks%2Fsummary%2Fcompany-summary%2FJE00B8KF9B49JEGBXSET1.html%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWPP+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodleyDavies2018" class="citation news cs1">Goodley, Simon; Davies, Rob (11 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/jun/11/martin-sorrells-wpp-exit-came-amid-bullying-and-sex-worker-allegations">"Martin Sorrell's WPP exit came amid bullying and sex worker allegations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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C. Marshall, Valerie Volcovici, Sheila (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/climate-change-advertising-insight-idUSKBN28R1NJ">"Climate change turns up the heat on ad industry"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Climate+change+turns+up+the+heat+on+ad+industry&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Dang&rft.aufirst=Andrew+R.+C.+Marshall%2C+Valerie+Volcovici%2C+Sheila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fclimate-change-advertising-insight-idUSKBN28R1NJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWPP+plc" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vietnamagriculture.nongnghiep.vn/wpp-faces-triple-fines-in-2023-for-cross-border-advertising-violations-d370002.html">"WPP faces triple fines in 2023 for cross-border advertising violations"</a>. <i>Vietnam Agriculture</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vietnam+Agriculture&rft.atitle=WPP+faces+triple+fines+in+2023+for+cross-border+advertising+violations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvietnamagriculture.nongnghiep.vn%2Fwpp-faces-triple-fines-in-2023-for-cross-border-advertising-violations-d370002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWPP+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e.vnexpress.net/news/business/companies/media-firm-fined-for-illegal-youtube-ad-4682818.html">"Media firm fined for illegal YouTube ad"</a>. <i>VN Express</i>. 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VN+Express&rft.atitle=Media+firm+fined+for+illegal+YouTube+ad&rft.date=2023-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe.vnexpress.net%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fcompanies%2Fmedia-firm-fined-for-illegal-youtube-ad-4682818.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWPP+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/media-firm-fined-for-running-youtube-ad-involving-illegal-u-shaped-line-4736552.html">"Media firm fined for running YouTube ad involving illegal U-shaped line"</a>. <i>VN Express</i>. 19 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VN+Express&rft.atitle=Media+firm+fined+for+running+YouTube+ad+involving+illegal+U-shaped+line&rft.date=2024-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe.vnexpress.net%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Fmedia-firm-fined-for-running-youtube-ad-involving-illegal-u-shaped-line-4736552.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWPP+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WPP_plc&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpp.com">Official 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title="WPP-Scangroup">WPP-Scangroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wunderman_Thompson" title="Wunderman Thompson">Wunderman Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMLY%26R" title="VMLY&R">VMLY&R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24/7_Media" title="24/7 Media">24/7 Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former/defunct divisions<br />and subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FGS_Global" title="FGS Global">FGS Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Walter_Thompson" title="J. 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<li><a href="/wiki/NatWest_Group" title="NatWest Group">NatWest Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_plc" title="Next plc">Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearson_plc" title="Pearson plc">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square_Holdings" title="Pershing Square Holdings">Pershing Square Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persimmon_plc" title="Persimmon plc">Persimmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Group" title="Phoenix Group">Phoenix Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Capital_Technology_Trust" title="Polar Capital Technology Trust">Polar Capital Technology Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudential_plc" title="Prudential plc">Prudential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reckitt" title="Reckitt">Reckitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELX" title="RELX">RELX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rentokil_Initial" title="Rentokil Initial">Rentokil Initial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rightmove" title="Rightmove">Rightmove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_(corporation)" 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class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>25 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> 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