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sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Springald rootpage-Springald skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1_december"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Springald" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Springald" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Springald" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Springald" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Spanspringald" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanspringald"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Spanspringald</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanspringald-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torsiespringald" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torsiespringald"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Torsiespringald</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torsiespringald-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etymologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Springald</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Catapulte.a.ressort.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Catapulte.a.ressort.png/260px-Catapulte.a.ressort.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Catapulte.a.ressort.png/390px-Catapulte.a.ressort.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Catapulte.a.ressort.png/520px-Catapulte.a.ressort.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption>Tekening van een zware spanspringald.</figcaption></figure> <p>De <b>springald</b> was een <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuws</a> <a href="/wiki/Artillerie" title="Artillerie">artilleriewapen</a>. De springald was net als alle andere artilleriewapens uit de <a href="/wiki/Oudheid" title="Oudheid">oudheid</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vroege_middeleeuwen" title="Vroege middeleeuwen">vroege middeleeuwen</a> een <a href="/wiki/Katapult" title="Katapult">katapult</a>; een wapen dat gebruikmaakt van <a href="/wiki/Mechanische_energie" title="Mechanische energie">mechanische energie</a> om <a href="/wiki/Projectiel" title="Projectiel">projectielen</a> weg te schieten. </p><p>Er zijn twee soorten springalds: de eenvoudige spanspringalds haalden hun <a href="/wiki/Potenti%C3%ABle_energie" title="Potentiële energie">potentiële energie</a> uit de spanning van de <a href="/wiki/Boog_(wapen)" title="Boog (wapen)">boogarm</a>, de krachtigere torsiespringalds haalden hun energie uit het <a href="/wiki/Moment_(mechanica)" title="Moment (mechanica)">torsiemoment</a> dat optreedt bij het in elkaar draaien van pezenbundels. Beide wapens werden waarschijnlijk in de <a href="/wiki/11e_eeuw" title="11e eeuw">11e eeuw</a> ontwikkeld. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spanspringald">Spanspringald</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springald&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Spanspringald" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springald&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Spanspringald"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Young_Folks%27_History_of_Rome_illus216.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Young_Folks%27_History_of_Rome_illus216.png/260px-Young_Folks%27_History_of_Rome_illus216.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Young_Folks%27_History_of_Rome_illus216.png 1.5x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="194" /></a><figcaption>Spanspringald met 4 pijlen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Omdat de <a href="/wiki/Kruisboog" title="Kruisboog">kruisboog</a> voor sommige doeleinden niet krachtig genoeg was werd de springald ontwikkeld als een krachtiger precisiewapen dat grotere projectielen kon afvuren. De projectielen konden zware <a href="/wiki/Pijl_(wapen)" title="Pijl (wapen)">pijlen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kruisboog#Pijlen" title="Kruisboog">bouten</a> zijn. De springald met spanboog was eenvoudig te bouwen en ook door leken te bedienen, waardoor deze snel inzetbaar was. </p><p>De springald bestond uit een zware verticale balk met bovenin een gat waarin de pijl werd gestoken. Aan deze balk was onderaan een flexibele plank bevestigd met aan de bovenkant een <a href="/wiki/Touw" title="Touw">touw</a>. De plank werd met een <a href="/wiki/Windas" title="Windas">windas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lier_(werktuig)" title="Lier (werktuig)">lier</a> naar achteren getrokken. Nadat de plank op spanning was gebracht werd deze losgelaten, waarbij deze met kracht tegen de achterkant van de pijl sloeg waardoor deze werd gelanceerd. Er bestonden ook varianten met meerdere gaten in de balk, waardoor tegelijkertijd meerdere pijlen konden worden afgeschoten. </p><p>Zware springalds hadden aan alle kanten verstevigingsbalken om de lanceerbalk op zijn plaats te houden. Deze hadden vaak ook een verstelbare pijlhouder om de schietrichting te kunnen veranderen. Omdat de springald weinig ruimte in de breedte nodig had was deze ideaal voor gebruik achter <a href="/wiki/Schietgat" title="Schietgat">schietgaten</a> van <a href="/wiki/Kasteel" title="Kasteel">kastelen</a> of aan boord van <a href="/wiki/Oorlogsschip" title="Oorlogsschip">oorlogsschepen</a>. </p><p>De spanspringald was lang niet zo krachtig als de springald met torsieveren, maar had als voordelen dat deze goedkoop en relatief eenvoudig te fabriceren was en dat er geen gespecialiseerd personeel voor de bediening nodig was. In dezelfde periode verscheen de steenwerpende <a href="/wiki/Slingerarm" title="Slingerarm">slingerarm</a><a href="/wiki/Katapult" title="Katapult">katapult</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierri%C3%A8re" title="Pierrière">pierrière</a>, die ook goedkoop te bouwen was en waarbij zowel de bouw als bediening door relatief ongeschoold personeel kon worden uitgevoerd </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Torsiespringald">Torsiespringald</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springald&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Torsiespringald" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springald&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Torsiespringald"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:London_Tower_Springald.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/London_Tower_Springald.JPG/260px-London_Tower_Springald.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/London_Tower_Springald.JPG/390px-London_Tower_Springald.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/London_Tower_Springald.JPG/520px-London_Tower_Springald.JPG 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>Replica van een torsiespringald bij de <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London_(gebouw)" title="Tower of London (gebouw)">Tower of London</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dit model springald was een middeleeuwse doorontwikkeling van de aloude <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Rijk" title="Romeinse Rijk">Romeinse</a> <a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">ballista</a>. De middeleeuwse katapult zag er wel veel anders uit dan de Romeinse variant. De springald had een zwaar rechthoekig geraamte, waarbij de torsieveren in het midden links en rechts over de beneden- en bovenbalken lopen. De twee torsieveren in de springald bestonden net als bij de ballista uit windingen van pezen. </p><p>De kracht van het wapen komt van de spanning van de getordeerde <a href="/wiki/Pees_(samengevlochten_draden)" title="Pees (samengevlochten draden)">pezen</a> <a href="/wiki/Zijde_(textiel)" title="Zijde (textiel)">zijde</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pees_(anatomie)" title="Pees (anatomie)">dierenpees</a> en de kracht die deze uitoefent op de twee armen waaraan de boogpees is bevestigd. De <a href="/wiki/Katapult" title="Katapult">katapultarmen</a> waar de boogpees aan vastzit steken midden tussen de windingen. Als de boogpees naar achter wordt getrokken brengt het <a href="/wiki/Moment_(mechanica)" title="Moment (mechanica)">torsiemoment</a> van de pezen de katapultarmen op spanning. Torsiespringalds konden behalve pijlen of bouten ook stenen of <a href="/wiki/Vuurpot" title="Vuurpot">vuurpotten</a> afschieten. </p><p>Doordat de boogpees met een wormschroef op spanning werd gebracht was de schietsnelheid van de springald niet hoog: het kon wel 2 minuten duren voordat de katapult op spanning was gebracht. Het wapen was daarentegen zeer krachtig en dodelijk accuraat. In 1304 zou een enkele pijl vier of vijf man hebben doorboord.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologie">Etymologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springald&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Etymologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springald&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Etymologie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het <a href="/wiki/Middelengels" title="Middelengels">Middelengelse</a> woord springald komt van het <a href="/wiki/Middelfrans" title="Middelfrans">Middelfranse</a> <i>espringale</i>, van het <a href="/wiki/Oudfrans" title="Oudfrans">Oudfranse</a> <i>espringuier</i> "springen", van het <a href="/wiki/Hoogduits" title="Hoogduits">Hoogduitse</a> <i>springan</i> "springen". Naast <i>springald</i> wordt ook wel de benaming <i>springal</i> of <i>espringal</i> gebruikt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springald&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springald&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katapult" title="Katapult">Katapult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spangeschut" title="Spangeschut">Spangeschut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsiegeschut" title="Torsiegeschut">Torsiegeschut</a></li></ul> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Springalds#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Springalds">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Springalds#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Springalds">Springalds</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li>Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4?oldid=53645884">Тенсионный спрингалд</a> op de Russischtalige Wikipedia, dat onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a> valt. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4?offset=20141203235959&action=history">bewerkingsgeschiedenis</a></span> aldaar.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66936091">.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding{color:#ff0000;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding span{font-size:larger}</style></li></ul> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London_(gebouw)" title="Tower of London (gebouw)">Tower of London</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141206234116/http://www.hrp.org.uk/TowerOfLondon/stories/palacehighlights/Fortressnewevent/Fortressssiegeengines"><i>Siege engines at the Tower</i></a> <small>geraadpleegd op 4 december 2014</small></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie 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data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_belegeringswapens&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Belegeringswapens_in_de_oudheid_en_middeleeuwen" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Belegeringswapen" title="Belegeringswapen">Belegeringswapens</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Oudheid_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oudheid (hoofdbetekenis)">oudheid</a> en <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuwen</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Algemeen:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Belegeringstoren" title="Belegeringstoren">belegeringstoren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stormram" title="Stormram">stormram</a> · <a href="/wiki/Katapult" title="Katapult">katapult</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Belegeringstoren" title="Belegeringstoren">Belegeringstorens</a> en -<a href="/wiki/Brug_(bouwwerk)" title="Brug (bouwwerk)">bruggen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Helepolis" title="Helepolis">helepolis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sambuca_(wapen)" title="Sambuca (wapen)">sambuca</a> · <a href="/wiki/Corvus_(krijgskunde)" title="Corvus (krijgskunde)">corvus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biesbrug" title="Biesbrug">biesbrug</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Pantser_(militair)" title="Pantser (militair)">Pantserconstructies</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Vinea_(belegeringswerktuig)" title="Vinea (belegeringswerktuig)">vinea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Musculus_(belegeringswerktuig)" title="Musculus (belegeringswerktuig)">musculus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Testudo_(belegeringswerktuig)" title="Testudo (belegeringswerktuig)">testudo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mantelet" title="Mantelet">mantelet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kat_(constructie)" title="Kat (constructie)">kat</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Spangeschut" title="Spangeschut">Spankatapulten</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Gastraphetes" title="Gastraphetes">gastraphetes</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oxybeles" title="Oxybeles">oxybeles</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jiaoche-nu" title="Jiaoche-nu">jiaoche-nu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Shoushe-nu" title="Shoushe-nu">shoushe-nu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chuangzi-nu" title="Chuangzi-nu">chuangzi-nu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arcuballista" title="Arcuballista">arcuballista</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lepelblijde" title="Lepelblijde">lepelblijde</a> · <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Spanspringald">spanspringald</a> · <a href="/wiki/Einarm" title="Einarm">einarm</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Torsiegeschut" title="Torsiegeschut">Torsiekatapulten</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Monankon" title="Monankon">monankon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Euthytone" title="Euthytone">euthytone</a> · <a href="/wiki/Palintone" title="Palintone">palintone</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">ballista</a> · <a href="/wiki/Onager_(wapen)" title="Onager (wapen)">onager</a> · <a href="/wiki/Polybolos" title="Polybolos">polybolos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(wapen)" title="Scorpio (wapen)">scorpio</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cheiroballistra" title="Cheiroballistra">cheiroballistra</a> · <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Torsiespringald">torsiespringald</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ziyar" title="Ziyar">ziyar</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Slingerarm" title="Slingerarm">Slingerarmkatapulten</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Jiche" title="Jiche">jiche</a> · <a href="/wiki/Xuanfeng_pao" title="Xuanfeng pao">xuanfeng pao</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sijiao_pao" title="Sijiao pao">sijiao pao</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hudun_pao" title="Hudun pao">hudun pao</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pierri%C3%A8re" title="Pierrière">pierrière</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bricole" title="Bricole">bricole</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mangonel" title="Mangonel">mangonel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trebuchet" title="Trebuchet">trebuchet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Couillard" title="Couillard">couillard</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pijlentrebuchet" title="Pijlentrebuchet">pijlentrebuchet</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Overige:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Agger_(bouwwerk)" title="Agger (bouwwerk)">agger</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aerotonon" title="Aerotonon">aerotonon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stormladder" title="Stormladder">stormladder</a> · <a href="/wiki/Muurboor" title="Muurboor">muurboor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dolabra" title="Dolabra">dolabra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Falx" title="Falx">falx</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klauw_van_Archimedes" title="Klauw van Archimedes">klauw van Archimedes</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tonnelon" title="Tonnelon">tonnelon</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img 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