CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Valsan Verghese | Christian Medical College, Vellore - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="3wte5WHzkQ7UeoWAMbu_g_6KajSQKo47JJS09N8lE8rd3WQ7Te9kVWFean7PqnL1N_YPDb4FOWcTQ_nVgG5fdQ" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-3d36c19b4875b226bfed0fcba1dcea3f2fe61148383d97c0465c016b8c969290.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-79e78ce59bef0a338eb6540ec3d93b4a7952115b56c57f1760943128f4544d42.css" /><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ProfilePage","mainEntity":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"dateCreated":"2015-10-13T08:13:46-07:00","dateModified":"2025-02-24T07:04:20-08:00"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-95367dc03b794f6737f30123738a886cf53b7a65cdef98a922a98591d60063e3.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-8c9ae4b5c8a2531640c354d92a1f3579c8ff103277ef74913e34c8a76d4e6c00.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-170d1319f0e354621e81ca17054bb147da2856ec0702fe440a99af314a6338c5.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="author" content="valsan verghese" /> <meta name="description" content="Valsan Verghese, Christian Medical College, Vellore: 46 Followers, 24 Following, 110 Research papers. Research interests: Ministerio Pastoral, Child, and…" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1e60a92a442ff83025cbe4f252857ee7c49c0bbe'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14008,"monthly_visitors":"107 million","monthly_visitor_count":107440917,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":107,"user_count":283735498,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740540909000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740540909000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-1eb081e01ca8bc0c1b1d866df79d9eb4dd2c484e4beecf76e79a7806c72fee08.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-63c3b84e278fb86e50772ccc2ac0281a0f74ac7e2f88741ecad58131583d4c47.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-85b27a68dc793256271cea8ce6f178025923f9e7e3c7450780e59eacecf59a75.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-4a9f418052ec7a403e004849742322653b010f552f60e892779ac5b03c4cc162.js" defer="defer"></script><script>$viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png","has_photo":false,"department":{"id":2117358,"name":"Paediatrics","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/Departments/Paediatrics/Documents","university":{"id":4362,"name":"Christian Medical College, Vellore","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/"}},"position":"Faculty Member","position_id":1,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":1014792,"name":"Ministerio Pastoral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ministerio_Pastoral"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":958718,"name":"Eclesiología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eclesiolog%C3%ADa"},{"id":1014793,"name":"Escatoloigía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escatoloigia"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese","location":"/ValsanVerghese","scheme":"https","host":"cmcvellore.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ValsanVerghese","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-fe7556cc-7899-47d0-89f1-52dca724b491"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-fe7556cc-7899-47d0-89f1-52dca724b491"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Valsan Verghese</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/">Christian Medical College, Vellore</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/Departments/Paediatrics/Documents">Paediatrics</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Valsan" data-follow-user-id="36149946" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="36149946"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">46</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">24</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">23</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/ValsanVerghese/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://uapar.academia.edu/RaulQuiroga"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Raul Quiroga" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1155265/407949/103076374/s200_raul.quiroga.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://uapar.academia.edu/RaulQuiroga">Raul Quiroga</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Universidad Adventista del Plata</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://su-se.academia.edu/ViacheslavKuleshov"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Viacheslav Kuleshov" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1895779/1756649/167070895/s200_viacheslav.kuleshov.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://su-se.academia.edu/ViacheslavKuleshov">Viacheslav Kuleshov</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Stockholm University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://upb-co.academia.edu/TarcisioHernandoGaitanBrice%C3%B1o"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Tarcisio Gaitán" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4364374/1763023/2175604/s200_tarcisio.gait_n.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://upb-co.academia.edu/TarcisioHernandoGaitanBrice%C3%B1o">Tarcisio Gaitán</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">UPB - Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana - Medellín</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://uoa.academia.edu/Ioannislotsios"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Ioannis lotsios" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/5869644/3363456/91330503/s200_ioannis.lotsios.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://uoa.academia.edu/Ioannislotsios">Ioannis lotsios</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">National & Kapodistrian University of Athens</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://rggu.academia.edu/DmitryAntonov"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Dmitry Antonov" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/6220789/2777475/5495181/s200_dmitry.antonov.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://rggu.academia.edu/DmitryAntonov">Dmitry Antonov</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Russian State University for the Humanities</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://torun-pl.academia.edu/PiotrRoszak"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Piotr Roszak" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/6365976/2590963/4261719/s200_piotr.roszak.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://torun-pl.academia.edu/PiotrRoszak">Piotr Roszak</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Nicolaus Copernicus University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://usu-id.academia.edu/SriNovianty"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Sri Novianty" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/7777383/74162154/62654438/s200_sri.novianty.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://usu-id.academia.edu/SriNovianty">Sri Novianty</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Sumatera Utara</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://pust.academia.edu/DominikJurczak"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Dominik Jurczak" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/8647032/3922621/15931605/s200_dominik.jurczak.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://pust.academia.edu/DominikJurczak">Dominik Jurczak</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Pontifical University of St Thomas Aquinas</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://unmsm.academia.edu/AngieRuthAquijeHerencia"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Angie Ruth Aquije Herencia" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/11211021/7400269/8318660/s200_angie_ruth.aquije_herencia.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://unmsm.academia.edu/AngieRuthAquijeHerencia">Angie Ruth Aquije Herencia</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://uni-sofia.academia.edu/IYanev"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Ivo Yanev" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/11951725/38410030/32147175/s200_ivo.yanev.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://uni-sofia.academia.edu/IYanev">Ivo Yanev</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"</p></div></div></ul></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36149946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ministerio_Pastoral"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese","location":"/ValsanVerghese","scheme":"https","host":"cmcvellore.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ValsanVerghese","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Ministerio Pastoral"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-e27b4d81-be48-43f5-b4bb-5e40e404c89c"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-e27b4d81-be48-43f5-b4bb-5e40e404c89c"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36149946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Child"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-0826d315-0655-41e4-83e4-7870fdfeed0a"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-0826d315-0655-41e4-83e4-7870fdfeed0a"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36149946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eclesiolog%C3%ADa"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Eclesiología"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-485b2a25-7925-4d0c-a4f2-8ec072ca8fba"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-485b2a25-7925-4d0c-a4f2-8ec072ca8fba"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36149946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escatoloigia"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Escatoloigía"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-4de8e52c-221a-4c4a-bb63-47f0b9f5e6c9"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-4de8e52c-221a-4c4a-bb63-47f0b9f5e6c9"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Valsan Verghese</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="88682374"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/88682374/Ultrasound_Gel_as_a_Source_of_Hospital_Outbreaks_Indian_Experience_and_Literature_Review"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasound Gel as a Source of Hospital Outbreaks: Indian Experience and Literature Review" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92610561/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/88682374/Ultrasound_Gel_as_a_Source_of_Hospital_Outbreaks_Indian_Experience_and_Literature_Review">Ultrasound Gel as a Source of Hospital Outbreaks: Indian Experience and Literature Review</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/EborJacobJames">Ebor Jacob James</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese">Valsan Verghese</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of aerobic, non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (N...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of aerobic, non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) comprising at least 20 species that are phenotypically similar and genetically distinct. [1,2] It is widely distributed in the environment and isolated from water, soil, vegetables and fruits. [3-5] Although an organism of low virulence, it is known to colonise and cause necrotising pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. [6] In the past two decades, Bcc has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in immunocompromised patients and caused several outbreaks, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). [4] The spectrum of infections caused by Bcc is bloodstream infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, septic arthritis and peritonitis. [6,7] Its ability to grow in nutrient-poor water and survive in disinfectants accounts for Bcc outbreaks in hospitals. Like other NFGNB, Bcc is also a multidrug-resistant organism, intrinsically resistant to polymyxins, aminoglycosides, first-and second-generation cephalosporins and antipseudomonal penicillins. [8] Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are the three most important NFGNB that cause hospital-acquired Purpose: Hospital outbreaks are observed increasingly worldwide with various organisms from different sources such as contaminated ultrasound gel, intravenous (IV) fluids and IV medications. Among these, ultrasound gel is one of the most commonly reported sources for Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) outbreaks. In this study, we describe our experience on investigation and the management of Bcc bacteraemia outbreak due to contaminated ultrasound gel from a tertiary care centre, South India. Materials and Methods: Over a 10-day period in October 2016, seven children in our Paediatric intensive care unit (ICU) were found to have bacteraemia with Bcc isolated from their blood culture. Repeated isolation of the same organism with similar antimicrobial susceptibility pattern over a short incubation period from the same location, confirmed the outbreak. An active outbreak investigation, including environmental surveillance, was carried out to find the source and control the outbreak. Isolates were subjected to multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and global eBURST (goeBURST) analysis. Results: Environmental surveillance revealed contaminated ultrasound gel as the source of infection. MLST and goeBURST analysis confirmed that the outbreak was caused by a novel sequence type 1362 with the same clonal complex CC517. The outbreak was controlled by stringent infection control measures, withdrawal of contaminated ultrasound gel from regular usage and implementing the practice of using ultrasonogram (USG) probe cover for USG screening and guided procedures. Conclusion: This report highlights the importance of early identification of an outbreak, prompt response of the ICU and infection control teams, sound environmental and epidemiological surveillance methods to identify the source and stringent infection control measures to control the outbreak. Contaminated ultrasound gel can be a potential source for healthcare-associated infection, which cannot be overlooked.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="024e7d7339af4441ab18bd2e1d546189" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92610561,"asset_id":88682374,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92610561/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="88682374"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="88682374"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88682374; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88682374]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88682374]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88682374; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='88682374']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "024e7d7339af4441ab18bd2e1d546189" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=88682374]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":88682374,"title":"Ultrasound Gel as a Source of Hospital Outbreaks: Indian Experience and Literature Review","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88682374/Ultrasound_Gel_as_a_Source_of_Hospital_Outbreaks_Indian_Experience_and_Literature_Review","owner_id":32798331,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32798331,"first_name":"Ebor Jacob","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"James","page_name":"EborJacobJames","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-07-04T20:39:24.394-07:00","display_name":"Ebor Jacob James","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/EborJacobJames","email":"OWc3Zis4TWdJaU5yZG1Gc3JOYWE2S0FxeGNKUmxIbjltdkhoZ3hqMmtldz0tLVl4dnIrMXhQWldWOU1aS2Ivd04xNGc9PQ==--bb697e770994e0e6c923a169ac1b1b032419a4a2"},"attachments":[{"id":92610561,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92610561/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ijmm.IJMM_19_24920221017-1-1q6ow4f.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92610561/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Ultrasound_Gel_as_a_Source_of_Hospital_O.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/92610561/ijmm.IJMM_19_24920221017-1-1q6ow4f-libre.pdf?1666057880=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUltrasound_Gel_as_a_Source_of_Hospital_O.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=I-NPhGjZQOkGEgRbvnJsGuMXEpcuFcmq7QjZc0z2OCAFr89COgT28CY2se4N5fJJyJ~ZG8FRkHl-ro-AmGHXAo08XcbTNycLRf8l37uylF2vjOKZ5dmrXwJ2Z0mBka6-S4eAm682vpK1-xnGiBRD6WabLZJL7NAFO22tsobuBYN515CQpGwWrFwZcQCbeQBUfwIWfzt3xlCxxBE3witDBbK9JiamwrgR0nolX2uMrMlvCUHjhCYWUvP6iVtCx7YIVX8Cfw~JcfsJm9~becQbfCcxQuBtb1RPLzC-Fcg9OVrco5ekJBJDuPIzy5tnINMlAn9A8aJx9oHPYTu1l8-wwA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745358"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745358/Diagnosing_pulmonary_tuberculosis_in_children"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in children" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745358/Diagnosing_pulmonary_tuberculosis_in_children">Diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in children</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current Medical Issues</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Children account for about 5% of new TB cases in India but this may be an underestimate, as clini...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Children account for about 5% of new TB cases in India but this may be an underestimate, as clinical signs of TB are subtle in children. Pulmonary TB is the most common form in children but diagnosis is challenging due to various factors including difficulty in collecting specimens from young children who tend to swallow sputum and produce fewer TB bacilli in specimens compared to adults. Tests such as the AFB smear used in adults are therefore often negative in children. A high index of suspicion needs to be maintained in order to make the diagnosis. Symptoms such as persistent fever and non-remitting cough are highly specific for a diagnosis of TB. The chest radiograph is the most important investigation for making an early diagnosis of in pediatric pulmonary TB. When starting empiric anti-tuberculous therapy in children, it is essential to monitor the treatment response in the form of resolution of symptoms and gain in weight. A poor clinical response to treatment should alert one to the possibility of poor adherence to therapy, incorrect doses of antituberculous drugs, presence of TB resistant to first-line drugs or an incorrect diagnosis of tuberculosis in the first place.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745358"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745358"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745358; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745358]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745358]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745358; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745358']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745358]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745358,"title":"Diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in children","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745358/Diagnosing_pulmonary_tuberculosis_in_children","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745357"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745357/Tuberculosis_with_human_immunodeficiency_virus_infection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tuberculosis with human immunodeficiency virus infection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745357/Tuberculosis_with_human_immunodeficiency_virus_infection">Tuberculosis with human immunodeficiency virus infection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PubMed</span><span>, Feb 1, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Tuberculosis is the commonest opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients in developing coun...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Tuberculosis is the commonest opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients in developing countries including India. The seroprevalence of HIV among tuberculosis patients in various parts of India has been increasing steadily. Children who are HIV-infected have a higher risk of progression after primary infection. Children born to HIV positive parents who are not infected themselves are also at higher risk of acquiring tuberculosis because of exposure. The clinical and radiological manifestations of tuberculosis are similar to those seen in HIV-uninfected individuals, except in those with advanced immunodeficiency. Most patients respond well to standard chemotherapy but mortality remains high because of other opportunistic infections. Preventive treatment with isoniazid for 6-12 months is effective in reducing those with latent infection.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745357"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745357"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745357; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745357]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745357]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745357; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745357']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745357]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745357,"title":"Tuberculosis with human immunodeficiency virus infection","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745357/Tuberculosis_with_human_immunodeficiency_virus_infection","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745356"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745356/Development_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR_Assay_for_Mycobacterium_bovis_BCG_and_Validation_in_a_Clinical_Laboratory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Validation in a Clinical Laboratory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064554/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745356/Development_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR_Assay_for_Mycobacterium_bovis_BCG_and_Validation_in_a_Clinical_Laboratory">Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Validation in a Clinical Laboratory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Microbiology spectrum</span><span>, Oct 31, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine which can result ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine which can result in local or disseminated infection, most commonly in immunocompromised individuals. Differentiation of BCG from other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is required to diagnose BCG disease, which requires specific management. Current methods for BCG diagnosis are based on mycobacterial culture and conventional PCR; the former is time-consuming and the latter often unavailable. Further, there are reports that certain BCG strains may be associated with a higher rate of adverse events. This study describes the development of a two-step multiplex real-time PCR assay which uses single nucleotide polymorphisms to detect BCG and identify early or late BCG strains. The assay has a limit of detection of 1 pg BCG boiled lysate DNA and was shown to detect BCG in both pure cultures and experimentally infected tissue. Its performance was assessed on 19 suspected BCG clinical isolates at Christian Medical College in Vellore, India, taken from January 2018 to August 2020. Of these 19 isolates, 10 were identified as BCG (6 early and 4 late strains), and 9 were identified as other MTBC members. Taken together, the results demonstrate the ability of this assay to identify and characterize BCG disease from cultures and infected tissue. The capacity to identify BCG may improve patient management, and the ability to discriminate between BCG strains may enable BCG vaccine pharmacovigilance. IMPORTANCE Vaccination against tuberculosis with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) can lead to adverse events, including a rare but life-threatening complication of disseminated BCG. This complication often occurs in young children with immunodeficiencies and is associated with an ;60% mortality rate. A rapid method of reliably identifying BCG infection is important because BCG requires treatment unique to tuberculosis. BCG is resistant to the first-line antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide. Additionally, diagnosis of BCG disease would lead to further investigation of a possible underlying immune condition. We have developed a diagnostic assay to identify BCG which improves upon previously published methods and can reliably identify BCG from bacterial culture or directly from infected tissue. This assay can also differentiate between strains of BCG, which have been suggested to be associated with different rates of adverse events. This assay was validated on 19 clinical isolates collected at Christian Medical College in Vellore, India.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b398f93408a672ea2764b84f45b406a4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064554,"asset_id":115745356,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064554/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745356"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745356"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745356; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745356]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745356]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745356; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745356']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b398f93408a672ea2764b84f45b406a4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745356]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745356,"title":"Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Validation in a Clinical Laboratory","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745356/Development_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR_Assay_for_Mycobacterium_bovis_BCG_and_Validation_in_a_Clinical_Laboratory","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064554,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064554/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pmc8557883.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064554/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Development_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064554/pmc8557883-libre.pdf?1709526086=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDevelopment_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=EhbNDhCvKQYXPEV1Bqv1kEoemtbBslhTZv9R7m8VhJyWyRPmRpHNPK3~ydfU6Jzl99cFeZg2~499-ZDbo8wc83Gt-~0ymzUqm1YSWBFcw9SuDSsVdg4-psdAgrz72YIWvvvUD3qrvwH5d1wz-cNAcYk3Z-HqDcXBgRggpzEbtbI83oEzbb8YAtMmmfJLVo8VYbXrT-CCfwmBChl5zlQhyjj0bCwGCDJYGPli~uz0~2nY5vLKRM7Du6DXDD~bHi40yfpN-3quCsWJxl2ynuVSUAxEnz2y6BnvdSahalB4KeFOUvoPZJ-C7BWZFzL9pIJaEu4hfhCBCbGYYJfzFfc0yg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":112064553,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064553/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pmc8557883.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064553/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Development_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064553/pmc8557883-libre.pdf?1709526084=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDevelopment_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=MUVdcYVe6orBtAxvyqjbp325OEHpJlk5mI0b2Y84XasQbBTcwKIu-sJqCPzOtQXBUOvHFoawXnHL4~WbmuztK8142Bb~9Rj8u~pl9-dFLUujb0nIS8u7kbU6mOhLNxeIqA-2aC9gQPliBya8n4tyIz-dLNBePRg3hbyFcnhU8RXjmCSuZT4mvYk263SgTx5DSa8Q1aPYopQwco9mTzBK7wK30uftQmRSWa5DxJfSvmCnbbZvJFsxUyra1Tg5yP3RIb8iFPTDGmGT~N7NYS~2oKTHKD3CmH6JsRAFCid7FWgfeKnSPFOyOFq1iDVlM2zSoj5reex2p4NbHsJ9YuPGLg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745355"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745355/A_systematic_review_of_antimicrobial_resistance_of_typhoidal_Salmonella_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance of typhoidal Salmonella in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064580/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745355/A_systematic_review_of_antimicrobial_resistance_of_typhoidal_Salmonella_in_India">A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance of typhoidal Salmonella in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Indian Journal of Medical Research</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Enteric fever caused by serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C of the Salmonella enterica specie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Enteric fever caused by serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C of the Salmonella enterica species accounts for over 25 million cases of febrile illness globally, with children being affected disproportionally 1-3. India is endemic for enteric fever, where it is one of the main differential diagnoses for fever of unknown origin. In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with enteric fever, the empiric and appropriate treatment of this disease continues to drive antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) enteric fever isolates, defined as combined resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole, were a common occurrence in the 1990s that necessitated the use of fluoroquinolones (FQs), subsequently cephalosporins and most recently azithromycin 2 .</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8997c390a74bbf056b73aee40f1e8c3d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064580,"asset_id":115745355,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064580/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745355"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745355"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745355; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745355]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745355]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745355; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745355']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8997c390a74bbf056b73aee40f1e8c3d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745355]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745355,"title":"A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance of typhoidal Salmonella in India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745355/A_systematic_review_of_antimicrobial_resistance_of_typhoidal_Salmonella_in_India","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064580,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064580/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"download_file.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064580/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_systematic_review_of_antimicrobial_res.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064580/download_file-libre.pdf?1709526086=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_systematic_review_of_antimicrobial_res.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=T-7HY7f3wCTla~p9IMGjG12UzM2ArUxaA6Q15ufM2h-0zwguYvvSS6e3NCX2vZbDR61zR0BgC2QwXjiqnepsTrRfIy0siV8fOUEX1DwXoBM5kLanQ-NDTXnGsYzp0ZH3Eyrof0i-RJiHFUL9H4aSgjWxQueoDfcmahCM8pKeTW-rHHqSR~fjzxkLHnuU~3fBSivi36Bv7Lc7s~MLbInG2d8QcRHy8qlzG5akHuTD03EwbRy6pIRquG6tnhVDD-6~0W8ZJwasE1ySi9Yl36LXAw4x0MT5kEc6gLi570tVdreszsNFdGpl55MaWK-Fs-XZNCE4Lom~HBm608-j1T14bQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745354"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745354/Time_trends_in_vaccine_delivery_over_two_decades_in_a_full_time_immunization_clinic_of_a_tertiary_care_centre"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Time trends in vaccine delivery over two decades in a full-time immunization clinic of a tertiary care centre" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064581/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745354/Time_trends_in_vaccine_delivery_over_two_decades_in_a_full_time_immunization_clinic_of_a_tertiary_care_centre">Time trends in vaccine delivery over two decades in a full-time immunization clinic of a tertiary care centre</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Infectious Diseases</span><span>, Apr 1, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: India's national Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI) launched in 1978 offers vacc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: India's national Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI) launched in 1978 offers vaccines such as BCG, DPT, OPV, and measles vaccine free of cost, while pediatricianrecommended non-EPI vaccines are available for purchase in the country. On September 1 st 1994 the Pediatric Department, Christian Medical College, Vellore expanded immunization services from 2 afternoons/week into a daily full-time walk-in immunization clinic offering both EPI and non-EPI vaccines. In this study we analyze time trends in vaccination provided by this clinic over two decades. Methods & Materials: Manually entered records till 1 st January 1996 and subsequent computerized clinic records were accessed for information on vaccine types and doses delivered from 1 st January 1995 to 31 st December 2014. Results: The number of children attending the clinic showed a >2-fold increase from 31045 in 1995 to 89439 in 2014, averaging >7000/month and nearly 250/day in 2014. EPI vaccines increased proportionately for DPT (13313 in 1996 to 30641 doses in 2014), 4-fold for BCG(2650 in 1996 to 11610 in 2014) and over 5-fold for OPV(10452 in 1996 to 52200 in 2014). Hemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) vaccine was made available as a single vaccine from June 1997, as a quadrivalent(DPT-Hib) vaccine from September 1999 and as a pentavalent(DPT-Hepatitis B-Hib) vaccine from December 2002, nearly a decade before pentavalent vaccine provision on the national programme in 2011. Hib vaccine doses increased 6-fold from 4420 doses in 1998 to 28415 in 2014, with >15000 doses administered annually from 2001 and >20000 doses annually from 2008. The proportion of DPT and Hib administered as a combination vaccine increased from 3.7% in 1999 to 92% for DPT and 99% for Hib in 2014. Number of injections received at each child-visit did not exceed 2, and the average cost of a visit providing combination vaccines was kept to <500 INR(<10 USD). Conclusion: Affordability and ease of access were the keys to sustained growth in vaccine provision from this private not-forprofit clinic of a tertiary care centre, and similar strategies can be used to improve immunization coverage in the country. Hib disease reduction in our community was documented by us earlier, attributable to Hib vaccine provision from this clinic.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b31e7702be24aa35ff40e48815b0cd79" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064581,"asset_id":115745354,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064581/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745354"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745354"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745354; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745354]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745354]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745354; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745354']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b31e7702be24aa35ff40e48815b0cd79" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745354]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745354,"title":"Time trends in vaccine delivery over two decades in a full-time immunization clinic of a tertiary care centre","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745354/Time_trends_in_vaccine_delivery_over_two_decades_in_a_full_time_immunization_clinic_of_a_tertiary_care_centre","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064581,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064581/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064581/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Time_trends_in_vaccine_delivery_over_two.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064581/pdf-libre.pdf?1709526078=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTime_trends_in_vaccine_delivery_over_two.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=UEPdepZepAImUfo6fom3RutLt10JSaOi4-RoounxF1l5ODxZ7UwdjCc1hcuzXVRfu1qxA5yEUPk-2n1p49U7mlN7VEYttVESgMFDm3wUwZa1SGKXA4fG~fPTKnHW4OsEIgLp17q0WbO3cL4o-jJ-ikMTIYDXjvEnRUWmKY8WZ09pv047xogq2xEgLz71U0LcM2h3m5H5CpeNyMTjArs6IckV-hEre~zY5N7yH72EQ7sdITzoTPnfHCV~RJdhCWomuQMJuapVW2VvHfOh08c6iXuC-AEeraZOENeoQqGJSJr5meKyP2lQm4E~zhh3zaQ2mvV7jWDabghTgBabvrNjDg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745353"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745353/Optimization_of_dosing_regimens_of_isoniazid_and_rifampicin_in_children_with_tuberculosis_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Optimization of dosing regimens of isoniazid and rifampicin in children with tuberculosis in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064579/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745353/Optimization_of_dosing_regimens_of_isoniazid_and_rifampicin_in_children_with_tuberculosis_in_India">Optimization of dosing regimens of isoniazid and rifampicin in children with tuberculosis in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology</span><span>, Jan 17, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Pharmacokinetic studies in the past have shown inadequate antituberculosis drug levels in childre...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Pharmacokinetic studies in the past have shown inadequate antituberculosis drug levels in children with the currently available dosing regimens. This study attempted to investigate the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and rifampicin, when used in children, and to optimize their dosing regimens. METHODS Data were collected from 41 children, aged 2-16 years, who were being treated with antituberculosis drugs for at least 2 months. Concentration measurements were done for 6 h and analysed using a nonlinear, mixed-effects model. RESULTS Isoniazid pharmacokinetics were described by a one-compartment disposition model with a transit absorption model (fixed, n = 5). A mixture model was used to identify the slow and fast acetylator subgroups. Rifampicin was described by a onecompartment disposition model with a transit absorption model (fixed, n = 9). Body weight was added to the clearance and volume of distribution of both the drugs using an allometric function. Simulations with the isoniazid model showed that 84.9% of the population achieved therapeutic peak serum concentration with the planned fixed-dose combination regimen. Simulations with the rifampicin model showed that only about 28.8% of the simulated population achieve the therapeutic peak serum concentration with the fixed-dose combination regimen. A novel regimen for rifampicin, with an average dose of 35 mg kg-1 , was found to provide adequate drug exposure in most children. CONCLUSIONS The exposure to isoniazid is adequate with present regimens. For rifampicin, a novel dosing regimen was developed to ensure adequate drug concentrations in children. However, further studies are required to assess the dose-effect relationship of higher doses of rifampicin.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="258b1db5fd279d04c62862efad6a6503" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064579,"asset_id":115745353,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064579/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745353"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745353"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745353; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745353]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745353]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745353; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745353']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "258b1db5fd279d04c62862efad6a6503" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745353]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745353,"title":"Optimization of dosing regimens of isoniazid and rifampicin in children with tuberculosis in India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745353/Optimization_of_dosing_regimens_of_isoniazid_and_rifampicin_in_children_with_tuberculosis_in_India","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064579,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064579/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ptpmcrender.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064579/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Optimization_of_dosing_regimens_of_isoni.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064579/ptpmcrender-libre.pdf?1709526076=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOptimization_of_dosing_regimens_of_isoni.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=CJso56eTZJgzoiDk8SZyDROv0vUEtRjsr7GhefCsgA0I13J0mZlBpj0dI3Hp57l0rMkCm5POBweJGLs30eTPngg7zCrjFEsRdWm~0Cj8qWypM364zuCdfkrJf8y7VWlZTYNF8ASR9Y2tOjzZ4YVnhWvHPkOixzKP9~fdcfM-DlbxQDlxn6TsSpvXJpZXM1P~PuFtK11~nEhWN8wf0vopnY18FvZe~iY3aydDg4Ekgw1G0O-AH37TlpIwmC76bQ-alo5LTyruW3nWvc6-9~P0V4Zsn7a~JwI1z~ekrr42CswJw0VFpBlN1hPchYNAoQADJANs5GC7xBSOvHNJPd9SaQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745352"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745352/Clinicopathologic_study_of_Kikuchi_s_disease_in_children_in_a_tertiary_hospital_in_South_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Clinicopathologic study of Kikuchi’s disease in children in a tertiary hospital in South India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064578/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745352/Clinicopathologic_study_of_Kikuchi_s_disease_in_children_in_a_tertiary_hospital_in_South_India">Clinicopathologic study of Kikuchi’s disease in children in a tertiary hospital in South India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics</span><span>, Feb 23, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics, tr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment modalities and outcome of children with Kikuchi's disease. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among all children, histopathologically diagnosed with KFD. Clinical, laboratory data and treatment outcomes were analysed. Results: During the study period, 53 children histopathologically confirmed as KFD were enrolled in the study. There were 36 males and 17 females. The lymph node involvements were mostly cervical with bilateral predisposition (63.5%), firm (88%), matted (30.8%) and tenderness (38.5%). Fever, headache, vomiting, chills, myalgia and rash were other common presentations other than cervical lymphadenopathy. The associated laboratory findings include anemia (71.2%), leukopenia especially lymphopenia (31.4%), monocytosis (21.6%), thrombocytopenia (16.3%), elevated CRP (53.1%), ESR (83.7%), LDH (100%) and elevated liver enzymes. Most of the children were managed conservatively (49.1%). Corticosteroids were administered for (22.6 %) of patients. Recurrence occurred in 4 children (7.5 %) and 13 children (24.5%) had other associated diseases. Conclusions: KFD should be suspected in well children with febrile cervical lymphadenopathy, especially with leukopenia, monocytosis, and elevated CRP, ESR, LDH, Liver enzymes. KFD in children can have rarely atypical presentations and coexist with other diseases.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fbb34f7520a709cf940e2bd15425d100" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064578,"asset_id":115745352,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064578/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745352"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745352"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745352; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745352]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745352]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745352; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745352']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fbb34f7520a709cf940e2bd15425d100" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745352]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745352,"title":"Clinicopathologic study of Kikuchi’s disease in children in a tertiary hospital in South India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745352/Clinicopathologic_study_of_Kikuchi_s_disease_in_children_in_a_tertiary_hospital_in_South_India","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064578,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064578/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1585.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064578/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Clinicopathologic_study_of_Kikuchi_s_dis.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064578/1585-libre.pdf?1709526086=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DClinicopathologic_study_of_Kikuchi_s_dis.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=ZqcSJACv3bklMg5kmLgVXPLBjQB5xovMryh1eXY323F7wTrvl-tdHhq5z0Avbr03DRHzIY~2rYRuiensbZRgC773mEgozZkAjINjhkQVZTr2iB6wOX9XFUmXbW1h1aWQ6j1jIr7KTxFPcFFM0pZDrNKoW7xPstHdX4v3Wm0v2XHXT~Gw2RC7tj4Y6yZA~iB4uM3tx47zMEtMz~7z9~2bP5gPLSCSWTX6ORVYSKoxcwc51CHdwnXxs1Y2Z~fW5RpNKnOeCnk7kWpQ1mOLdROEM8pi1BHZb-x~9pHwIgqNh6aRaaWD-W-wE0Nw296N3GpFVKRymjY0XZjWHbuM1ZJA3w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745351"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745351/Immunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity_of_the_10_valent_pneumococcal_non_typeable_i_Haemophilus_influenzae_i_protein_D_conjugate_vaccine_PHiD_CV_when_co_administered_with_the_DTPw_HBV_Hib_vaccine_in_Indian_infants_a_single_blind_randomized_controlled_study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) when co-administered with the DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine in Indian infants: a single-blind, randomized, controlled study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064551/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745351/Immunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity_of_the_10_valent_pneumococcal_non_typeable_i_Haemophilus_influenzae_i_protein_D_conjugate_vaccine_PHiD_CV_when_co_administered_with_the_DTPw_HBV_Hib_vaccine_in_Indian_infants_a_single_blind_randomized_controlled_study">Immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) when co-administered with the DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine in Indian infants: a single-blind, randomized, controlled study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics</span><span>, May 1, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In India, pneumococcal diseases are major causes of child mortality, and effective vaccines again...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In India, pneumococcal diseases are major causes of child mortality, and effective vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae are needed. This single-blind, randomized study assessed the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) co-administered with DTPw-HBV/Hib in Indian infants as 3-dose primary vaccination course. A total of 360 infants were randomized (2:1) to receive either PHiD-CV co-administered with DTPw-HBV/Hib (PHiD-CV group) or a Hib vaccine co-administered with DTPw-HBV (control group) at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. For each vaccine pneumococcal serotype, the percentage of infants in the PHiD-CV group with antibody concentrations $ 0.2 mg/mL one month after the third vaccine dose was at least 98.3%, except for serotypes 6B (77.7%) and 23F (89.5%), and opsonophagocytic activity titers $ 8 were measured in at least 95.7% of infants, except for serotypes 1 (90.5%) and 6B (84.5%). In addition, all the infants in the PHiD-CV group were seroprotected against diphtheria, tetanus, Hib, and hepatitis B or seropositive for antibodies against pertussis and NTHi protein D (except one infant). Incidences of solicited local and general symptoms were comparable between groups, except for fever (axillary temperature $ 37.5°C), which seemed to occur more frequently in the PHiD-CV group. In conclusion, PHiD-CV was shown to be immunogenic and well-tolerated when co-administered with DTPw-HBV/Hib in Indian infants. This study has been registered at <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov" rel="nofollow">www.clinicaltrials.gov</a> NCT00814710.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="613d5b628bf2c42f8831c4dfa3a8f504" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064551,"asset_id":115745351,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064551/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745351"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745351"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745351; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745351]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745351]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745351; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745351']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "613d5b628bf2c42f8831c4dfa3a8f504" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745351]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745351,"title":"Immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable\u003ci\u003eHaemophilus influenzae\u003c/i\u003eprotein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) when co-administered with the DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine in Indian infants: a single-blind, randomized, controlled study","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745351/Immunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity_of_the_10_valent_pneumococcal_non_typeable_i_Haemophilus_influenzae_i_protein_D_conjugate_vaccine_PHiD_CV_when_co_administered_with_the_DTPw_HBV_Hib_vaccine_in_Indian_infants_a_single_blind_randomized_controlled_study","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064551,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064551/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"hv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064551/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Immunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064551/hv-libre.pdf?1709526091=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImmunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=N6LOHdBU8-iXtopjO3P9wGWHo0SfsCireQa0DiwJU54pr5uPhSPZF26V-jOG~swY9AlRYkPMLqc0djat-d3qipy8CJM8aKjlRwH4dVz~5MYzRaY4-lB7qSum6SS9c-9fUklz4TkqAsubuNxhQRL0E8UKBLedtuOpzh8xJj9l-ru5WKSqgL1k0RBaMy4eop0D6j9wBK0IpFa76FYwIz-NEpf66gcLywlSRKu6VoF~zwz3BLL900ZWhGsADPApFOYNI5F-JYk26qV5kUdrj~9EI9Rxvp1jWAeLnkx~6Ay0RfO8AnaYKO8zUkB6oEy13QuJh8tgo1rgC0Tj~gWmnkeM2g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":112064552,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064552/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"hv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064552/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Immunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064552/hv-libre.pdf?1709526095=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImmunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=IdHDD0Xk6vS6a7Jn~k1PESPdIuOVQa8N16dPbosFJEIeza~t1FMDs30Lf6p2ba6ztyRbBDVV2WzinJEMrtUSYIV2oC75fW2XeUexGnACVIpuhlxoBU0~p4iPNOngyJAAMDE1X6Es9qVfycq1dacDMgWnZ5gKBzSdKeBksxV2CDpENp8t9v2Zhh4UL9xLfkbRiywbOsIQ-FSn4WybvGEi0am0XLAFQ3~FsI0Q-PMUufmb-NPOnwoXi34aH~HrmxnI5-EDz-6iuhVhPyDKAIrsEPyxzyNeJ536aAVzkgYuBlnTPEnpgQHeqQUoQig1gxCjMRvlk5ys314TJrdo4JJ5Jg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745350"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745350/Spotted_fever_diagnosis_Experience_from_a_South_Indian_center"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spotted fever diagnosis: Experience from a South Indian center" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745350/Spotted_fever_diagnosis_Experience_from_a_South_Indian_center">Spotted fever diagnosis: Experience from a South Indian center</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Pathogens and Global Health</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT Spotted fever (SF) is an important treatable cause of acute febrile illness (AFI) with r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT Spotted fever (SF) is an important treatable cause of acute febrile illness (AFI) with rash and has reemerged in India. A prospective AFI with rash study was undertaken at a South Indian hospital to correlate specific clinical findings with laboratory confirmation of spotted fever. During the study period (December 2017 to May 2019), 175 patients with fever and rash were suspected to have spotted fever. Molecular assays for scrub typhus and spotted fever (47 kDa and ompA qPCR) and serology (IgM ELISA) was performed on the 96 individuals recruited. Laboratory confirmed SF cases (ompA qPCR positive) were 21, whereas laboratory supported SF cases (ompA negative but sero-positive by SF IgM ELISA) were 27. Among the 48 spotted fever (SF) cases, 70% of had maculopapular rash, 12.5% had macular rash, purpuric/petechial rash (severe rash) was seen in 8 patients (16.7%). Presence of rash on the palms and soles was associated with a relative risk (RR) of 4.36 (95% CI: 2.67–7.10; p &lt; 0.001). Our study suggests that ompA qPCR though useful for confirming the diagnosis of spotted fever is not always positive. A positive SF IgM ELISA in febrile individuals with palmo-plantar rash supports the diagnosis of spotted fever especially when other causes of febrile rash have been excluded. Multi-centric prospective studies employing the serological reference standard, IFA (immunofluorescence assay) in addition to the assays used in this study are needed to validate these findings.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745350"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745350"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745350; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745350]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745350]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745350; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745350']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745350]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745350,"title":"Spotted fever diagnosis: Experience from a South Indian center","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745350/Spotted_fever_diagnosis_Experience_from_a_South_Indian_center","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745328"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745328/Impact_of_maternal_antibodies_and_microbiota_development_on_the_immunogenicity_of_oral_rotavirus_vaccine_in_African_Indian_and_European_infants_a_prospective_cohort_study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants: a prospective cohort study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064565/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745328/Impact_of_maternal_antibodies_and_microbiota_development_on_the_immunogenicity_of_oral_rotavirus_vaccine_in_African_Indian_and_European_infants_a_prospective_cohort_study">Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants: a prospective cohort study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Identifying risk factors for impaired oral rotavirus vaccine (ORV) efficacy in low-income countri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Identifying risk factors for impaired oral rotavirus vaccine (ORV) efficacy in low-income countries may lead to improvements in vaccine design and delivery. We measured maternal rotavirus antibodies, environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), and bacterial gut microbiota development among infants receiving two doses of Rotarix in India (n = 307), Malawi (n = 119), and the UK (n = 60), using standardised methods across cohorts. ORV shedding and seroconversion rates were significantly lower in Malawi and India than the UK. Maternal rotavirus-specific antibodies in serum and breastmilk were negatively correlated with ORV response in India and Malawi, and this was mediated partly by a reduction in ORV replication. In the UK, ORV replication was not inhibited despite comparable maternal antibody levels. In both India and Malawi, pre-vaccination microbiota diversity was negatively correlated with ORV immunogenicity, suggesting that high early-life microbial exposure may contribute to impair...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="75a0d1c98097d18a9106ab4ac766b283" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064565,"asset_id":115745328,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064565/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745328"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745328"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745328; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745328]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745328]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745328; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745328']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "75a0d1c98097d18a9106ab4ac766b283" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745328]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745328,"title":"Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants: a prospective cohort study","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745328/Impact_of_maternal_antibodies_and_microbiota_development_on_the_immunogenicity_of_oral_rotavirus_vaccine_in_African_Indian_and_European_infants_a_prospective_cohort_study","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064565,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064565/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2020.11.02.20224576.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064565/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Impact_of_maternal_antibodies_and_microb.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064565/2020.11.02.20224576.full-libre.pdf?1709526290=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImpact_of_maternal_antibodies_and_microb.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=coHIFnsBStYmNx1IZAviNiqk4iW-PqGDtamWwCvyJep4GupfK2Ijp-UINT-SNp~v3LbAB8DRuD-ZFSa86DjcygYNJBirVP1l41ZlgCQZnNmt2GHu48wLYJcfTKeIQI6A7K-93RTJnMNVPKN4v66nQ8XQeXZqjIWNK1ausrI3o3a~Vn6RwPuihUKYLnNgTKGPvjRpkGUQ2W3rZ100Uvr0~uN-NvEZ29spQh3wV99lVt~uyp57KWcRcDPZmk--qBJwUwBIHqHsCbQ7nFGjRTa7gjYUKzE56sgvLnYOlts~skv11GepUZEMyHxkQyrtd4wHbNluoMS0iv89VBfDoem2hg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111022322"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111022322/Serological_and_Molecular_Methods_in_Diagnosis_of_Lower_Respiratory_Tract_Infections_Caused_due_to_Chlamydia_pneumoniae"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Serological and Molecular Methods in Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Caused due to Chlamydia pneumoniae" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108657747/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111022322/Serological_and_Molecular_Methods_in_Diagnosis_of_Lower_Respiratory_Tract_Infections_Caused_due_to_Chlamydia_pneumoniae">Serological and Molecular Methods in Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Caused due to Chlamydia pneumoniae</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Johnprakash5">John prakash</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusmithakarunasreePerumalla">Susmithakarunasree Perumalla</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese">Valsan Verghese</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IndiraAgarwal">Indira Agarwal</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AgarwalIndira">Indira Agarwal</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PJaj1">P. Jaj</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KevinPlaxco">Kevin Plaxco</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current Medical Issues</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">IntRoductIon Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">IntRoductIon Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with nearly one million deaths occurring yearly worldwide. [1] Diagnosis of LRTI is generally made based on both clinical and laboratory findings. The main causes of LRTI in young children are viruses and bacteria. Although respiratory pathogens can be identified in about 25%-50% of cases of LRTI, [2-6] initial therapy is generally empiric. This is so because of the inability to determine the causative organisms in most of the patients by the time treatment is initiated. [7] One of the factors contributing to the unidentified etiology in LRTI is the difficulty in identifying atypical pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, Legionella spp. that do not respond to routinely used beta-lactam antibiotics for LRTI. The present study was done to determine the incidence of LRTI due to Chlamydia pneumoniae in young children. Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) continue to be a major health problem in children. Increasingly "atypical" agents such as Chlamydophila pneumoniae are being recognized as a significant cause of LRTI. The current study evaluated serological and molecular methods in detection of LRTI due to C. pneumoniae in young children. Materials and Methods: Serum and nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) were collected from 53 treatment-naïve children (6 months-6 years) with LRTI. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to C. pneumoniae were detected in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and microimmunofluorescence (MIF) test. Nonnested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect a 183-bp fragment of the 60-kDa outer membrane protein 2 of C. pneumoniae was performed on DNA extracted from the NPA samples. Results: Of the 53 children tested, 14 (26.4%) children were diagnosed to have acute C. pneumoniae infection according to CDC guidelines. When compared with IgM MIF (reference test), PCR and IgM ELISA showed a sensitivity of 36% and 71%, respectively, and a specificity of 100%. IgG antibodies were positive in an additional 8 cases, by both MIF and ELISA, suggesting "possible" reinfection. Conclusion: This study despite its drawbacks provides evidence that C. pneumoniae is a significant cause of LRTI in young children.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c4b3316aecf954c607f680da32b54a85" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108657747,"asset_id":111022322,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108657747/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111022322"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111022322"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111022322; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111022322]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111022322]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111022322; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111022322']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c4b3316aecf954c607f680da32b54a85" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111022322]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111022322,"title":"Serological and Molecular Methods in Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Caused due to Chlamydia pneumoniae","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111022322/Serological_and_Molecular_Methods_in_Diagnosis_of_Lower_Respiratory_Tract_Infections_Caused_due_to_Chlamydia_pneumoniae","owner_id":95926122,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":95926122,"first_name":"John","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"prakash","page_name":"Johnprakash5","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2018-10-25T03:21:14.819-07:00","display_name":"John prakash","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Johnprakash5","email":"emdXZWgrS0dIRENHS2JlOWxsOGNXdjcyOEp3R0pmQkwvWjl2bEF6elZYdz0tLUJrMHY2SjlxUzljbTBMQ2hTM24yYXc9PQ==--19571f3805fe697f3c6e4efbfd97819d49e0bfd6"},"attachments":[{"id":108657747,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108657747/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Ashwin_YB_Serological_and_molecular_methods_in_diagnosis_of_CP.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108657747/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Serological_and_Molecular_Methods_in_Dia.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108657747/Ashwin_YB_Serological_and_molecular_methods_in_diagnosis_of_CP.pdf?1702197452=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSerological_and_Molecular_Methods_in_Dia.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=KY9saKDxB1b-EZ4kz3ORolrEqi6Sh8fu3KdxtrxXWNvb99ChGGQB7nokLJDsYIpmI1IbiwK8-rC14j1w~laub2m69UxvRfMEhRUzF~u919vHKh0Knwq8GatENv5Ok6QP7q0LxI84FaINXu-zEe6xKRurE5H4r7CVDOW5XHyOrfQz1Ah8nyjm9tIegMyczi5qXbUHTbi2g9HkYbfegOs1vUaYegBYrIS22wiApk8b2XY8mlDtg~7ktQuJCsgShXD0MDgesyS4YwK615MSRs9AGUiIj5DBvKbmFKeiVhFxZSJ7cXjfuge7a7vTSJFKVaTZugo9ndKaV3FRDacmvhxl2Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36686890"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36686890/ARTICLE_IN_PRESS_G_Model_Immunochromatography_in_CSF_improves_data_on_surveillance_of_S_pneumoniae_meningitis_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ARTICLE IN PRESS G Model Immunochromatography in CSF improves data on surveillance of S. pneumoniae meningitis in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56624614/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36686890/ARTICLE_IN_PRESS_G_Model_Immunochromatography_in_CSF_improves_data_on_surveillance_of_S_pneumoniae_meningitis_in_India">ARTICLE IN PRESS G Model Immunochromatography in CSF improves data on surveillance of S. pneumoniae meningitis in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://sctimst.academia.edu/YuvarajJayaraman">Yuvaraj Jayaraman</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese">Valsan Verghese</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a significant cause of childhood bacterial meningitis i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a significant cause of childhood bacterial meningitis in India. The United States Food and Drug Administration has licensed an immunochromatographic (ICT) test, Binax ® NOW TM , to detect the C polysaccharide antigen of S. pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF). Accurate etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in India is essential for effective treatment strategies and preventive interventions. Materials and methods: CSF samples from 2081 children admitted, with clinically suspected bacterial meningitis at 11 sentinel sites of hospital based sentinel surveillance network for bacterial meningitis in India between September 2009 and December 2016 were tested with ICT. Concurrent CSF cultures were processed using standard procedures. Results and discussion: S. pneumoniae was detected thrice the number of times by ICT than by CSF culture , with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 95.3% respectively. This rapid ICT test proves to be of immense use as a diagnostic test for meningitis patients with/without prior antibiotic treatment, especially in facilities with limited laboratory infrastructure in resource limited settings.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6648933fa6195dba8c0427160391d7d9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56624614,"asset_id":36686890,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56624614/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36686890"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36686890"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36686890; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36686890]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36686890]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36686890; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36686890']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6648933fa6195dba8c0427160391d7d9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36686890]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36686890,"title":"ARTICLE IN PRESS G Model Immunochromatography in CSF improves data on surveillance of S. pneumoniae meningitis in India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36686890/ARTICLE_IN_PRESS_G_Model_Immunochromatography_in_CSF_improves_data_on_surveillance_of_S_pneumoniae_meningitis_in_India","owner_id":1427745,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":1427745,"first_name":"Yuvaraj","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jayaraman","page_name":"YuvarajJayaraman","domain_name":"sctimst","created_at":"2012-04-02T20:25:41.148-07:00","display_name":"Yuvaraj Jayaraman","url":"https://sctimst.academia.edu/YuvarajJayaraman","email":"L250ZTFZSDdDUTZJWTN6OUVyM0xaWjl3V0dKbWR2K0RsTUxvdmRtVUwzVT0tLWJkSW9INVNhU2YwV29kalB2RUZ5enc9PQ==--04f9b7abb296f87e2c2cc0fee8278a09dbba03ed"},"attachments":[{"id":56624614,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56624614/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Binax_JIPH_inpressarticle-1_-_Copy.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56624614/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"ARTICLE_IN_PRESS_G_Model_Immunochromatog.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56624614/Binax_JIPH_inpressarticle-1_-_Copy-libre.pdf?1526969674=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DARTICLE_IN_PRESS_G_Model_Immunochromatog.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413062\u0026Signature=aiqulUYod0AnmyqGftu9fzP0AVfysXVy0Rv-clU49hUzsbnB~fz~Lq0AzJZxB2LpohzsA6cKslehd67beUnEfA5xS0Pi3FYLBxttuvQmhnd8JmRWD5FNEG7TjRx7Nlphdvts4NWeC1fWARW2qVYg1q418RRpHbgndTUM2uiAnQjs9bRTNjTHMBqZ4tgp4dCW~ID~8omn8o1n0yno2FxL~ZVTgib71QyfBoXesRXrE7~pqUmNuntxQ2Lz0d2Ya023GhvsejRC-MUpdUJDRU6-T5EbAR75-TOTqrW82Y7rvmJir3EWw-EJqEbKt9EH-HALTzdcjoHmfdW-hYYzzYRE9Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709921"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709921/Diagnostic_accuracy_of_a_three_gene_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_host_response_cartridge_using_fingerstick_blood_for_childhood_tuberculosis_a_multicentre_prospective_study_in_low_income_and_middle_income_countries"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic accuracy of a three-gene Mycobacterium tuberculosis host response cartridge using fingerstick blood for childhood tuberculosis: a multicentre prospective study in low-income and middle-income countries" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709921/Diagnostic_accuracy_of_a_three_gene_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_host_response_cartridge_using_fingerstick_blood_for_childhood_tuberculosis_a_multicentre_prospective_study_in_low_income_and_middle_income_countries">Diagnostic accuracy of a three-gene Mycobacterium tuberculosis host response cartridge using fingerstick blood for childhood tuberculosis: a multicentre prospective study in low-income and middle-income countries</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Lancet Infectious Diseases</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709921"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709921"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709921; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709921]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709921]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709921; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709921']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709921]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709921,"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a three-gene Mycobacterium tuberculosis host response cartridge using fingerstick blood for childhood tuberculosis: a multicentre prospective study in low-income and middle-income countries","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709921/Diagnostic_accuracy_of_a_three_gene_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_host_response_cartridge_using_fingerstick_blood_for_childhood_tuberculosis_a_multicentre_prospective_study_in_low_income_and_middle_income_countries","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709920"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709920/Utility_of_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_In_tube_test_QFT_compared_with_the_Tuberculin_Skin_Test_TST_in_diagnosing_tuberculosis_in_Indian_children_with_malnutrition_A_prospective_study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Utility of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube test (QFT) compared with the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in diagnosing tuberculosis in Indian children with malnutrition: A prospective study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443399/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709920/Utility_of_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_In_tube_test_QFT_compared_with_the_Tuberculin_Skin_Test_TST_in_diagnosing_tuberculosis_in_Indian_children_with_malnutrition_A_prospective_study">Utility of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube test (QFT) compared with the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in diagnosing tuberculosis in Indian children with malnutrition: A prospective study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Infectious Diseases</span><span>, Apr 1, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">p (92%) received sequential parenteral-oral treatment with a mean duration of 21 days (r: 1-60d)....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">p (92%) received sequential parenteral-oral treatment with a mean duration of 21 days (r: 1-60d). Median hospital stay was 12 days (r: 4-60). One patient (2, 7%) died because of sepsis and necrotizing pneumonia. Conclusion: Epidemiology of CA-Sa infection is changing in the newborn period with increasing CA-MRSA strains in the last 8 years in Argentina. We have to consider it for the empirical antibiotic treatment especially in those p coming from the community with skin and soft tissue infection.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="62d4d17dda0060b9d1728b3f0890ff7f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108443399,"asset_id":110709920,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443399/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709920"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709920"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709920; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709920]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709920]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709920; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709920']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "62d4d17dda0060b9d1728b3f0890ff7f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709920]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709920,"title":"Utility of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube test (QFT) compared with the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in diagnosing tuberculosis in Indian children with malnutrition: A prospective study","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709920/Utility_of_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_In_tube_test_QFT_compared_with_the_Tuberculin_Skin_Test_TST_in_diagnosing_tuberculosis_in_Indian_children_with_malnutrition_A_prospective_study","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":108443399,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443399/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443399/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Utility_of_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_In_tu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443399/pdf-libre.pdf?1701864739=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUtility_of_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_In_tu.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=W~n5oGLhpTWrmFfpzjtekeT1nwaT~fKWiWsaRrH3FIcBT1YKY70U2euuw0RqPFVzirgvqAl41noL~9yjvugC6RyChu1KQ9H836RkT2nvGpErrQXC8CsUXqEQUsr8NejMlWIuONQ20ndXdLOuaCoLJbIJZTy2l-Pjglt0t200rZm1CX~sH-J8XpxPtm3F0r2oOF3IA5MngUQ-Vb2txyj9KYWr325QtsRtasxzRKaJ5mxTNcg6N4SQYd4pEQVUbRujXObvhSWC0faHyO6GM64jyG68G0JOry31EXmcoO4GXkd8DixLY1~N2hJCBQP~zQZjalXqqFxOpw9Z2lli2w1VIQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709919"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709919/Mechanisms_of_Carbapenem_Resistance_in_K_pneumoniae_and_E_coli_from_Bloodstream_Infections_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mechanisms of Carbapenem Resistance in K.pneumoniae and E. coli from Bloodstream Infections in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443398/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709919/Mechanisms_of_Carbapenem_Resistance_in_K_pneumoniae_and_E_coli_from_Bloodstream_Infections_in_India">Mechanisms of Carbapenem Resistance in K.pneumoniae and E. coli from Bloodstream Infections in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction: Emergence and global spread of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction: Emergence and global spread of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are of great concern in healthcare settings. Resistance to carbapenem is mostly conferred by metallo β-lactamase (IMP, VIM and NDM) and carbapenem hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase (OXA-48 like). The aim of this study was to characterise the molecular mechanism of resistance in the clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae causing bacteremia and showing resistance to β-lactams, including carbapenems. Materials and Methods: Isolates of E.coli (n=42) and K. pneumoniae (n=134) from blood culture collected during 2013-2015 were screened for carbapenemase production by using carba NP test and the presence of carbapenem resistant genes (KPC, IMP, VIM, NDM and OXA-48 like). Sequencing was performed for the randomly selected isolates positive for NDM and OXA-48 like.Results: Of the 176 isolates, 97% of the isolates were found to be positive with carba NP test. Carba NP test has the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 98%, 50%, 99% and 20% respectively. Each of blaNDM and blaOXA-48 like was seen in 32% of the tested isolates. Co-production of blaNDM and blaOXA48 like and blaVIM and blaOXA48 were seen in 13% and 8% of isolates respectively. Noticeably, 3% of isolates were identified as co-producers of blaNDM, blaVIM and blaOXA48 like. All of the sequenced NDM and OXA-48 like were identified as NDM-1 and OXA-181 variants. Conclusion: Increasing incidence of OXA-48 like is worrisome in developing countries. Because of its weak hydrolytic acivity against broad spectrum cephalosporin and carbapenems, these may go undetected in routine screening. In particular, blaOXA48 like gene is mostly identified on the plasmid and is implicated as the cause for silent spread and outbreaks in hospitalized patients.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="85f2b802609b2c2b5ebbd7a11f13334b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108443398,"asset_id":110709919,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443398/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709919"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709919"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709919; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709919]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709919]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709919; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709919']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "85f2b802609b2c2b5ebbd7a11f13334b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709919]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709919,"title":"Mechanisms of Carbapenem Resistance in K.pneumoniae and E. coli from Bloodstream Infections in India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709919/Mechanisms_of_Carbapenem_Resistance_in_K_pneumoniae_and_E_coli_from_Bloodstream_Infections_in_India","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":108443398,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443398/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"mechanisms-of-carbapenem-resistance-in-kpneumoniae-and-e-coli-from-bloodstream-infections-in-india-2332-0877-1000293.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443398/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Mechanisms_of_Carbapenem_Resistance_in_K.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443398/mechanisms-of-carbapenem-resistance-in-kpneumoniae-and-e-coli-from-bloodstream-infections-in-india-2332-0877-1000293.pdf?1701863605=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMechanisms_of_Carbapenem_Resistance_in_K.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413062\u0026Signature=bz4gBq6zB9qzsG2O-d~a9tdEKfMbb1tEQEmavd0k93~O0NYe3PvrcdMf-POF3EYwZcuMOim6sYJKHUf~LWV4tWVOelGC-YRFec-nkNWcGKkiEf55hMDG-PPjsHep8jta31zOTnufoMA8iN9n8rsfIhkhKpIZnYotggr52MiZPK9tDF~wtIvMx40RGGnjxhilIUsO5hcnXrrbK8HcSqhV~vxogbgmkVQJ0UxoNvV-mjWW95iH-bhnRbm1jOMPf3FP7OPC9D6t~fxC6e9VMZaKnS3Pe09TIUjTDF1zMAWEi1UObxO9mTWgiu8fC6Hi55To-huzaq9BLa38r2OEhZpQ4Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709918"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709918/Is_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_test_QFT_better_than_the_Tuberculin_Skin_Test_TST_in_diagnosing_active_and_latent_tuberculosis_in_BCG_vaccinated_children"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Is the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT) better than the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in diagnosing active and latent tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated children?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443396/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709918/Is_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_test_QFT_better_than_the_Tuberculin_Skin_Test_TST_in_diagnosing_active_and_latent_tuberculosis_in_BCG_vaccinated_children">Is the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT) better than the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in diagnosing active and latent tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated children?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Infectious Diseases</span><span>, Apr 1, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Results: Blood cultures from 40 neonates received during the study period. Blood cultures from 18...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Results: Blood cultures from 40 neonates received during the study period. Blood cultures from 18/40 neonates showed bacterial growth. Nine of 18 (50%) neonates showed the growth of E.faecium. All the E.faecium isolates were susceptible to Vancomycin and Linezolid. Susceptibility to other antibiotics :uniformly susceptible to Quinupristin/Dalfopristin and Chloramphenicol. Resistant to macrolides,fluoroquinolones,Gentamicin(high-level). Sequences of seven of the nine isolates were deposited in Gen-Bank (GenBank accession numbers HM222631 to HM222637). The sequence of the each isolate was different from the other. The neonates were either preterm or low birth weight. Babies presented with respiratory distress(6/9), with seizures (2/9) and refusal to feed (1/9). Conclusion: Among the neonates from whom Enterococcus faecium was isolated in blood, no specific clinical feature could be noticed. The isolates were found to be different from each other in our attempt to establish the relatedness of the strains.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="de0dc8dea091509251e9bc0b412dfbac" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108443396,"asset_id":110709918,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443396/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709918"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709918"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709918; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709918]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709918]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709918; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709918']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "de0dc8dea091509251e9bc0b412dfbac" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709918]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709918,"title":"Is the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT) better than the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in diagnosing active and latent tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated children?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709918/Is_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_test_QFT_better_than_the_Tuberculin_Skin_Test_TST_in_diagnosing_active_and_latent_tuberculosis_in_BCG_vaccinated_children","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":108443396,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443396/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443396/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Is_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_test_QFT_bett.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443396/pdf-libre.pdf?1701864740=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIs_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_test_QFT_bett.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=LHOWWzI9U39bGv-W5FaDfH4M-~djtkVLmDeDZAV1YIHDkW5fqhSBXXYJCEuXxjUKhrjRGMpUcCJU0skHLqNzmDZdh93ZAERn-wHbI9ydXUD1UthHnf1y93sk~SeN7f1ahrkSWKw5Toxh4tyXT5vMF9-bFDGdee2r2TvXhwWx1152u4v9z-nG~8r0WOfAcDzMJP40OBoiF3W3jrxolOMswjLfE5DEONQr8ZW-hVkWQCFWWpYMRL5wENCblZxjZ5wVCwjOsq21zV63i~gGF3Y8nIKtOxmDI7Wfi0u3zBN31xCzFor3e1Ubx8aUVOrEgIHvB6I1MO3QTNlh9XZ1Uw2xbQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709917"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709917/Accuracy_of_the_Xpert_MTB_RIF_assay_compared_to_the_gold_standard_AFB_culture_in_the_diagnosis_of_tuberculosis_in_children_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay compared to the “gold standard” AFB culture in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443397/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709917/Accuracy_of_the_Xpert_MTB_RIF_assay_compared_to_the_gold_standard_AFB_culture_in_the_diagnosis_of_tuberculosis_in_children_in_India">Accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay compared to the “gold standard” AFB culture in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Infectious Diseases</span><span>, Apr 1, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">93.2% and 91.5%. The QFT had 58.3% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity in diagnosing children with ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">93.2% and 91.5%. The QFT had 58.3% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity in diagnosing children with latent TB. The commonest discordant results were TST + / QFT-in 15 of 141 children without TB, not unexpected in this BCG-vaccinated population. Conclusion: The QFT performed better than the TST in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Although only moderately sensitive, they were highly specific in ruling out TB and showed good concordance in TB-negative children. Although a case may be made for using both tests in BCG-vaccinated children, the higher costs and technical expertise required for the QFT do not support its use instead of the cheaper and simpler TST in India.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b6e953b205b850ba557ae7ea3f48d9c7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108443397,"asset_id":110709917,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443397/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709917"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709917"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709917; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709917]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709917]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709917; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709917']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b6e953b205b850ba557ae7ea3f48d9c7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709917]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709917,"title":"Accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay compared to the “gold standard” AFB culture in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children in India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709917/Accuracy_of_the_Xpert_MTB_RIF_assay_compared_to_the_gold_standard_AFB_culture_in_the_diagnosis_of_tuberculosis_in_children_in_India","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":108443397,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443397/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443397/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Accuracy_of_the_Xpert_MTB_RIF_assay_comp.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443397/pdf-libre.pdf?1701864740=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAccuracy_of_the_Xpert_MTB_RIF_assay_comp.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=OMAAsfV8vDAA0BDfH8YzaC1~nbryYfFr0Wo54YohZfMX2DOGwoVQHpreKLdDlUu~hnOftQXP3yBXRXiCgOpjDSIC9te0W36OnmKUtYEhqbFyuu8KlvYLW6p2AEY8Ntu5LjguDDdQBLv5QfWcaT4ts3wp5LHXHdV8XO6TUhRropLxyINl-NEqJC4i1anV7Es8Jm5gCoEsP5j53K85YSnsQ~2lrzMS-vWQH0lH3XmReRSSGesJ6pOfnaoXFVEiMn7b5MuC0jrmyKN-v~PYX2E6-MXijkYsM4GxUle-2~HIWmtY5BPWT99xgs2pSmpG0r4LfyFH1J9RdjsbFrzDhoyZgQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709916"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709916/Risk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictors_of_blood_stream_infections_with_New_Delhi_Metallo_b_lactamase_NDM_1_producing_i_Enterobacteriaceae_i_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Risk factors and epidemiologic predictors of blood stream infections with New Delhi Metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1) producing<i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443357/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709916/Risk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictors_of_blood_stream_infections_with_New_Delhi_Metallo_b_lactamase_NDM_1_producing_i_Enterobacteriaceae_i_">Risk factors and epidemiologic predictors of blood stream infections with New Delhi Metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1) producing<i>Enterobacteriaceae</i></a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Epidemiology and Infection</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae conferred by New Delhi metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1) resist...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae conferred by New Delhi metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1) resistance mechanism are endemic in India and Southeast Asia. An understanding of risk factors for NDM-1 infections is necessary to guide prevention strategies. We performed a retrospective case-control study of patients admitted at Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India between May 2010 and August 2014 with Klebsiella pneumoniae blood stream infection (BSI). We compared patients with BSI caused by NDM-1 producing strains to two control groups: BSI with other multidrug resistant (MDR) strains and BSI with pan-susceptible strains. The study groups were assessed for risk factors for the outcomes: (1) infection with any MDR strain compared to pan-susceptible; and, (2) infection with NDM-1 strain as compared with other MDR and (3) Mortality. A total of 101 patients with BSI with NDM-1 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were matched to two groups of controls: 112 with non-NDM-1 MDR strains and 101 with pan-susceptible strains. Medical (OR 10.4) and neonatal (OR 0.7) ICU admission, central venous catheter placement (CVC, OR 7.4) predicted MDR BSI. Prior carbapenem use (OR 8.4) and CVC (OR 4.8) predicted acquisition of an NDM-1 strain. Significant predictors for mortality included ICU stay (OR 3.0), mechanical ventilation (OR 3.2), female gender (OR 2.2), diabetes (OR 0.4). CVC placement, prior carbapenem use and ICU admission were significantly associated with BSI with NDM-1 producing and other MDR strains.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c8fe09a466c85a4c86dee19deedf05fc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108443357,"asset_id":110709916,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443357/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709916"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709916"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709916; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709916]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709916]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709916; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709916']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c8fe09a466c85a4c86dee19deedf05fc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709916]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709916,"title":"Risk factors and epidemiologic predictors of blood stream infections with New Delhi Metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1) producing\u003ci\u003eEnterobacteriaceae\u003c/i\u003e","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709916/Risk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictors_of_blood_stream_infections_with_New_Delhi_Metallo_b_lactamase_NDM_1_producing_i_Enterobacteriaceae_i_","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":108443357,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443357/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"div-class-title-risk-factors-and-epidemiologic-predictors-of-blood-stream-infections-with-new-delhi-metallo-b-lactamase-ndm-1-producing-.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443357/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Risk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictor.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443357/div-class-title-risk-factors-and-epidemiologic-predictors-of-blood-stream-infections-with-new-delhi-metallo-b-lactamase-ndm-1-producing--libre.pdf?1701864742=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRisk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictor.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413062\u0026Signature=Wl4aAJJcoWNM3SGMEIDzthKrztafLhijuyZb9WvkrVFQMyq~lPbaHFUfSyFYH8HeGSWFRVux5lpP0zGXF2DTA1PFnsrbxiz~B65LnJR58p8h8lhFEehnbG-AHEe41LP5pCtGqgfNxVBTzjsLfGkIAs-u5ppQdXTw8g4C3-hCvXoIPxdkXcgbJ2iPd9Xj3W4QB-4psEiDB~gncgocVk3TtYu5UUDrJnOY~9IIAkw4JxGbrgdDH7FP6KWk~3ihIVhRk-xGt41s694hCUbEeZZ-Tk8wdt~Is5kebvX7NiBV~gPOcWZ8GPmSciMKUJ37cyuZxGJm4UEaam0rMo7de8DRvg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":108443358,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443358/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"div-class-title-risk-factors-and-epidemiologic-predictors-of-blood-stream-infections-with-new-delhi-metallo-b-lactamase-ndm-1-producing-.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443358/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Risk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictor.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443358/div-class-title-risk-factors-and-epidemiologic-predictors-of-blood-stream-infections-with-new-delhi-metallo-b-lactamase-ndm-1-producing--libre.pdf?1701864743=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRisk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictor.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413062\u0026Signature=M23gNdufcH7wK8Z~4tiwN9C1F7VhddjrNYcq3N5Vjsa0dZHCNaWKN9rBpbwnSr8DAiPMHErpCqwUbOBZHG6sPaR29Ul9DCZq6XgIXcGTheaG41REqrbPl9voUpMchdYSGfw-gmwhHyg3a4W~w21eFhHxHv993m7dlOFvkvYb1k3yUq5RhQeswfaTgIsL60nPqsr0ygE-YiPF9s1ta6wdzkHwK7BokWyTKtyGTaNaI663NUU3TiIDw~DCnEBeho9LszJC9nrakoPVmaL3KYMdAT59BMR59OcGhl35YlY5IhmIBbOuN~ccFXUylFEcW3DRBoU9t5HG9N~p5DJTF~GDcg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709915"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709915/An_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_Influenza_A_H1N1_in_a_Large_Hospital_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Eight-Year Profile of Children with Influenza A(H1N1) in a Large Hospital in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443355/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709915/An_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_Influenza_A_H1N1_in_a_Large_Hospital_in_India">An Eight-Year Profile of Children with Influenza A(H1N1) in a Large Hospital in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Tropical Pediatrics</span><span>, Aug 1, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As influenza virus A(H1N1) continues to circulate, reports from India have documented mainly resp...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As influenza virus A(H1N1) continues to circulate, reports from India have documented mainly respiratory involvement in children. This retrospective chart review of children at a medical college found that from August 2009 to July 2017, 855 children aged 3 months to 15 years had H1N1 influenza of whom 310 (36.3%) were admitted and 29 (9.4% admissions) died. In 2009-12, 76.5% patients presented in August-October but from 2015 to 2017, 89.3% came in January-March. The proportion of under-fives increased from 54.0% in 2009-10 to 77.7% in 2015-17. Among admitted children, 82.6% were under 5 years, 96.1% had respiratory symptoms and 11% had seizures. Six children had encephalopathy of whom four died; two survivors had severe neurological sequelae. Other features included gastroenteritis, otitis media, myositis and hepatitis. Complications included shock (10.7%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (6.1%). Evidence of bacterial/fungal infection was present in 71 (22.9%). Oxygen was required by 123 children (39.7%), high-dependency/intensive care by 47 (15.2%), 17 (5.5%) received high-flow oxygen and 29 (9.4%) required mechanical ventilation. There were no significantly increased odds of needing intensive care or of dying in children with underlying diseases or among different age groups but those with underlying central nervous system (CNS) diseases had higher odds of needing high-dependency/intensive care [odds ratio (OR) 2.35, p ¼ 0.046]. Significantly, children with CNS symptoms had nearly seven times higher odds of needing mechanical ventilation (OR 6.85, p < 0.001) and over three times higher odds of dying (OR 3.31, p ¼ 0.009). LAY SUMMARY H1N1 Influenza ("swine flu") emerged as a global pandemic in 2009 and continues to affect children all over the world. This review of records from a medical college hospital in southern India found that 855 children aged 3 months to 15 years came with H1N1 influenza over 8 years from</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1d01d7868246ff3f57c24b55e54c8480" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108443355,"asset_id":110709915,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443355/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709915"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709915"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709915; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709915]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709915]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709915; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709915']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1d01d7868246ff3f57c24b55e54c8480" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709915]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709915,"title":"An Eight-Year Profile of Children with Influenza A(H1N1) in a Large Hospital in India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709915/An_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_Influenza_A_H1N1_in_a_Large_Hospital_in_India","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":108443355,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443355/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"fmab084.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443355/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_I.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443355/fmab084-libre.pdf?1701864750=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_I.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413062\u0026Signature=XuL~sY~qaBncdpUdMCWDmbkxmR~E7W~wCAvmZoiX4ryb9E3RnG0irS8S0V32~IK4~9nWpdf8P~tzE3vyPp5RsZLp7nwJJKd-MDg8HPcw2J-MHOi2L~2E0vcRKOuGebvLQGCqd-5sbyICTtgF3Qsy9I~fJTWe5iKqAyH-wLG5plRbfAOgfE7pPqmmUP0ggVjB8yPjZfSF7QNxRrmJh5sbl0-M-ahMbScLSLO3GtkDFyrHretMEsY~8Hir7GS1gNs34SpDE20dfTWwwwA~PUh3BOL5nlRMiIaCyC9HjrBNKtJwpFPh1Mf5Ns3MQGr7SJBxuPkPFZt9Z6Qju75KecuuDg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":108443356,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443356/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"fmab084.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443356/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_I.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443356/fmab084-libre.pdf?1701864744=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_I.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413062\u0026Signature=MsHfwn4-JCSUdVkqgq7gpqnFIMT6uX2tWrt80J1L4q3Q3uFyI34l9nRWZHiugiRscsYL4ifEFHnkNFJ7~LYm4KQjJZuN8dHYv-PNU5gJPH5YA9kyZFDg5Q3ffih2C1fVfDsrmK~n1FWtx3OWLgfBGXflTbRfJXAysZbs533BB9sKJI4tnREaKqzxcD2xrXUAovxVtjKykuK7CARNw~kdnIWnrIg7nV~Wlmu~Hb4k0CwtVP2alA6irV8T1oaD0zGfz7pLV3ty2F84pnVu0eCDiTYDGAILgmM4ESvKjca7t8ohOvX66dPne3kcW7a2DaiBYqaYizANXBC2~EyNz2uJMw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="3741485" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="88682374"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/88682374/Ultrasound_Gel_as_a_Source_of_Hospital_Outbreaks_Indian_Experience_and_Literature_Review"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasound Gel as a Source of Hospital Outbreaks: Indian Experience and Literature Review" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92610561/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/88682374/Ultrasound_Gel_as_a_Source_of_Hospital_Outbreaks_Indian_Experience_and_Literature_Review">Ultrasound Gel as a Source of Hospital Outbreaks: Indian Experience and Literature Review</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/EborJacobJames">Ebor Jacob James</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese">Valsan Verghese</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of aerobic, non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (N...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of aerobic, non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) comprising at least 20 species that are phenotypically similar and genetically distinct. [1,2] It is widely distributed in the environment and isolated from water, soil, vegetables and fruits. [3-5] Although an organism of low virulence, it is known to colonise and cause necrotising pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. [6] In the past two decades, Bcc has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in immunocompromised patients and caused several outbreaks, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). [4] The spectrum of infections caused by Bcc is bloodstream infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, septic arthritis and peritonitis. [6,7] Its ability to grow in nutrient-poor water and survive in disinfectants accounts for Bcc outbreaks in hospitals. Like other NFGNB, Bcc is also a multidrug-resistant organism, intrinsically resistant to polymyxins, aminoglycosides, first-and second-generation cephalosporins and antipseudomonal penicillins. [8] Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are the three most important NFGNB that cause hospital-acquired Purpose: Hospital outbreaks are observed increasingly worldwide with various organisms from different sources such as contaminated ultrasound gel, intravenous (IV) fluids and IV medications. Among these, ultrasound gel is one of the most commonly reported sources for Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) outbreaks. In this study, we describe our experience on investigation and the management of Bcc bacteraemia outbreak due to contaminated ultrasound gel from a tertiary care centre, South India. Materials and Methods: Over a 10-day period in October 2016, seven children in our Paediatric intensive care unit (ICU) were found to have bacteraemia with Bcc isolated from their blood culture. Repeated isolation of the same organism with similar antimicrobial susceptibility pattern over a short incubation period from the same location, confirmed the outbreak. An active outbreak investigation, including environmental surveillance, was carried out to find the source and control the outbreak. Isolates were subjected to multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and global eBURST (goeBURST) analysis. Results: Environmental surveillance revealed contaminated ultrasound gel as the source of infection. MLST and goeBURST analysis confirmed that the outbreak was caused by a novel sequence type 1362 with the same clonal complex CC517. The outbreak was controlled by stringent infection control measures, withdrawal of contaminated ultrasound gel from regular usage and implementing the practice of using ultrasonogram (USG) probe cover for USG screening and guided procedures. Conclusion: This report highlights the importance of early identification of an outbreak, prompt response of the ICU and infection control teams, sound environmental and epidemiological surveillance methods to identify the source and stringent infection control measures to control the outbreak. Contaminated ultrasound gel can be a potential source for healthcare-associated infection, which cannot be overlooked.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="024e7d7339af4441ab18bd2e1d546189" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92610561,"asset_id":88682374,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92610561/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="88682374"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="88682374"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88682374; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88682374]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88682374]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88682374; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='88682374']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "024e7d7339af4441ab18bd2e1d546189" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=88682374]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":88682374,"title":"Ultrasound Gel as a Source of Hospital Outbreaks: Indian Experience and Literature Review","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88682374/Ultrasound_Gel_as_a_Source_of_Hospital_Outbreaks_Indian_Experience_and_Literature_Review","owner_id":32798331,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32798331,"first_name":"Ebor Jacob","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"James","page_name":"EborJacobJames","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-07-04T20:39:24.394-07:00","display_name":"Ebor Jacob James","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/EborJacobJames","email":"OWc3Zis4TWdJaU5yZG1Gc3JOYWE2S0FxeGNKUmxIbjltdkhoZ3hqMmtldz0tLVl4dnIrMXhQWldWOU1aS2Ivd04xNGc9PQ==--bb697e770994e0e6c923a169ac1b1b032419a4a2"},"attachments":[{"id":92610561,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92610561/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ijmm.IJMM_19_24920221017-1-1q6ow4f.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92610561/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Ultrasound_Gel_as_a_Source_of_Hospital_O.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/92610561/ijmm.IJMM_19_24920221017-1-1q6ow4f-libre.pdf?1666057880=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUltrasound_Gel_as_a_Source_of_Hospital_O.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=I-NPhGjZQOkGEgRbvnJsGuMXEpcuFcmq7QjZc0z2OCAFr89COgT28CY2se4N5fJJyJ~ZG8FRkHl-ro-AmGHXAo08XcbTNycLRf8l37uylF2vjOKZ5dmrXwJ2Z0mBka6-S4eAm682vpK1-xnGiBRD6WabLZJL7NAFO22tsobuBYN515CQpGwWrFwZcQCbeQBUfwIWfzt3xlCxxBE3witDBbK9JiamwrgR0nolX2uMrMlvCUHjhCYWUvP6iVtCx7YIVX8Cfw~JcfsJm9~becQbfCcxQuBtb1RPLzC-Fcg9OVrco5ekJBJDuPIzy5tnINMlAn9A8aJx9oHPYTu1l8-wwA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745358"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745358/Diagnosing_pulmonary_tuberculosis_in_children"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in children" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745358/Diagnosing_pulmonary_tuberculosis_in_children">Diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in children</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current Medical Issues</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Children account for about 5% of new TB cases in India but this may be an underestimate, as clini...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Children account for about 5% of new TB cases in India but this may be an underestimate, as clinical signs of TB are subtle in children. Pulmonary TB is the most common form in children but diagnosis is challenging due to various factors including difficulty in collecting specimens from young children who tend to swallow sputum and produce fewer TB bacilli in specimens compared to adults. Tests such as the AFB smear used in adults are therefore often negative in children. A high index of suspicion needs to be maintained in order to make the diagnosis. Symptoms such as persistent fever and non-remitting cough are highly specific for a diagnosis of TB. The chest radiograph is the most important investigation for making an early diagnosis of in pediatric pulmonary TB. When starting empiric anti-tuberculous therapy in children, it is essential to monitor the treatment response in the form of resolution of symptoms and gain in weight. A poor clinical response to treatment should alert one to the possibility of poor adherence to therapy, incorrect doses of antituberculous drugs, presence of TB resistant to first-line drugs or an incorrect diagnosis of tuberculosis in the first place.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745358"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745358"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745358; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745358]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745358]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745358; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745358']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745358]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745358,"title":"Diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in children","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745358/Diagnosing_pulmonary_tuberculosis_in_children","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745357"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745357/Tuberculosis_with_human_immunodeficiency_virus_infection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tuberculosis with human immunodeficiency virus infection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745357/Tuberculosis_with_human_immunodeficiency_virus_infection">Tuberculosis with human immunodeficiency virus infection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PubMed</span><span>, Feb 1, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Tuberculosis is the commonest opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients in developing coun...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Tuberculosis is the commonest opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients in developing countries including India. The seroprevalence of HIV among tuberculosis patients in various parts of India has been increasing steadily. Children who are HIV-infected have a higher risk of progression after primary infection. Children born to HIV positive parents who are not infected themselves are also at higher risk of acquiring tuberculosis because of exposure. The clinical and radiological manifestations of tuberculosis are similar to those seen in HIV-uninfected individuals, except in those with advanced immunodeficiency. Most patients respond well to standard chemotherapy but mortality remains high because of other opportunistic infections. Preventive treatment with isoniazid for 6-12 months is effective in reducing those with latent infection.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745357"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745357"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745357; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745357]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745357]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745357; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745357']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745357]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745357,"title":"Tuberculosis with human immunodeficiency virus infection","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745357/Tuberculosis_with_human_immunodeficiency_virus_infection","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745356"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745356/Development_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR_Assay_for_Mycobacterium_bovis_BCG_and_Validation_in_a_Clinical_Laboratory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Validation in a Clinical Laboratory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064554/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745356/Development_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR_Assay_for_Mycobacterium_bovis_BCG_and_Validation_in_a_Clinical_Laboratory">Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Validation in a Clinical Laboratory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Microbiology spectrum</span><span>, Oct 31, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine which can result ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine which can result in local or disseminated infection, most commonly in immunocompromised individuals. Differentiation of BCG from other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is required to diagnose BCG disease, which requires specific management. Current methods for BCG diagnosis are based on mycobacterial culture and conventional PCR; the former is time-consuming and the latter often unavailable. Further, there are reports that certain BCG strains may be associated with a higher rate of adverse events. This study describes the development of a two-step multiplex real-time PCR assay which uses single nucleotide polymorphisms to detect BCG and identify early or late BCG strains. The assay has a limit of detection of 1 pg BCG boiled lysate DNA and was shown to detect BCG in both pure cultures and experimentally infected tissue. Its performance was assessed on 19 suspected BCG clinical isolates at Christian Medical College in Vellore, India, taken from January 2018 to August 2020. Of these 19 isolates, 10 were identified as BCG (6 early and 4 late strains), and 9 were identified as other MTBC members. Taken together, the results demonstrate the ability of this assay to identify and characterize BCG disease from cultures and infected tissue. The capacity to identify BCG may improve patient management, and the ability to discriminate between BCG strains may enable BCG vaccine pharmacovigilance. IMPORTANCE Vaccination against tuberculosis with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) can lead to adverse events, including a rare but life-threatening complication of disseminated BCG. This complication often occurs in young children with immunodeficiencies and is associated with an ;60% mortality rate. A rapid method of reliably identifying BCG infection is important because BCG requires treatment unique to tuberculosis. BCG is resistant to the first-line antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide. Additionally, diagnosis of BCG disease would lead to further investigation of a possible underlying immune condition. We have developed a diagnostic assay to identify BCG which improves upon previously published methods and can reliably identify BCG from bacterial culture or directly from infected tissue. This assay can also differentiate between strains of BCG, which have been suggested to be associated with different rates of adverse events. This assay was validated on 19 clinical isolates collected at Christian Medical College in Vellore, India.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b398f93408a672ea2764b84f45b406a4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064554,"asset_id":115745356,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064554/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745356"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745356"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745356; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745356]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745356]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745356; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745356']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b398f93408a672ea2764b84f45b406a4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745356]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745356,"title":"Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Validation in a Clinical Laboratory","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745356/Development_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR_Assay_for_Mycobacterium_bovis_BCG_and_Validation_in_a_Clinical_Laboratory","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064554,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064554/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pmc8557883.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064554/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Development_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064554/pmc8557883-libre.pdf?1709526086=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDevelopment_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=EhbNDhCvKQYXPEV1Bqv1kEoemtbBslhTZv9R7m8VhJyWyRPmRpHNPK3~ydfU6Jzl99cFeZg2~499-ZDbo8wc83Gt-~0ymzUqm1YSWBFcw9SuDSsVdg4-psdAgrz72YIWvvvUD3qrvwH5d1wz-cNAcYk3Z-HqDcXBgRggpzEbtbI83oEzbb8YAtMmmfJLVo8VYbXrT-CCfwmBChl5zlQhyjj0bCwGCDJYGPli~uz0~2nY5vLKRM7Du6DXDD~bHi40yfpN-3quCsWJxl2ynuVSUAxEnz2y6BnvdSahalB4KeFOUvoPZJ-C7BWZFzL9pIJaEu4hfhCBCbGYYJfzFfc0yg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":112064553,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064553/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pmc8557883.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064553/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Development_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064553/pmc8557883-libre.pdf?1709526084=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDevelopment_of_a_Multiplex_Real_Time_PCR.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=MUVdcYVe6orBtAxvyqjbp325OEHpJlk5mI0b2Y84XasQbBTcwKIu-sJqCPzOtQXBUOvHFoawXnHL4~WbmuztK8142Bb~9Rj8u~pl9-dFLUujb0nIS8u7kbU6mOhLNxeIqA-2aC9gQPliBya8n4tyIz-dLNBePRg3hbyFcnhU8RXjmCSuZT4mvYk263SgTx5DSa8Q1aPYopQwco9mTzBK7wK30uftQmRSWa5DxJfSvmCnbbZvJFsxUyra1Tg5yP3RIb8iFPTDGmGT~N7NYS~2oKTHKD3CmH6JsRAFCid7FWgfeKnSPFOyOFq1iDVlM2zSoj5reex2p4NbHsJ9YuPGLg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745355"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745355/A_systematic_review_of_antimicrobial_resistance_of_typhoidal_Salmonella_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance of typhoidal Salmonella in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064580/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745355/A_systematic_review_of_antimicrobial_resistance_of_typhoidal_Salmonella_in_India">A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance of typhoidal Salmonella in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Indian Journal of Medical Research</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Enteric fever caused by serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C of the Salmonella enterica specie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Enteric fever caused by serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C of the Salmonella enterica species accounts for over 25 million cases of febrile illness globally, with children being affected disproportionally 1-3. India is endemic for enteric fever, where it is one of the main differential diagnoses for fever of unknown origin. In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with enteric fever, the empiric and appropriate treatment of this disease continues to drive antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) enteric fever isolates, defined as combined resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole, were a common occurrence in the 1990s that necessitated the use of fluoroquinolones (FQs), subsequently cephalosporins and most recently azithromycin 2 .</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8997c390a74bbf056b73aee40f1e8c3d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064580,"asset_id":115745355,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064580/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745355"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745355"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745355; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745355]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745355]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745355; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745355']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8997c390a74bbf056b73aee40f1e8c3d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745355]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745355,"title":"A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance of typhoidal Salmonella in India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745355/A_systematic_review_of_antimicrobial_resistance_of_typhoidal_Salmonella_in_India","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064580,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064580/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"download_file.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064580/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_systematic_review_of_antimicrobial_res.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064580/download_file-libre.pdf?1709526086=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_systematic_review_of_antimicrobial_res.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=T-7HY7f3wCTla~p9IMGjG12UzM2ArUxaA6Q15ufM2h-0zwguYvvSS6e3NCX2vZbDR61zR0BgC2QwXjiqnepsTrRfIy0siV8fOUEX1DwXoBM5kLanQ-NDTXnGsYzp0ZH3Eyrof0i-RJiHFUL9H4aSgjWxQueoDfcmahCM8pKeTW-rHHqSR~fjzxkLHnuU~3fBSivi36Bv7Lc7s~MLbInG2d8QcRHy8qlzG5akHuTD03EwbRy6pIRquG6tnhVDD-6~0W8ZJwasE1ySi9Yl36LXAw4x0MT5kEc6gLi570tVdreszsNFdGpl55MaWK-Fs-XZNCE4Lom~HBm608-j1T14bQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745354"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745354/Time_trends_in_vaccine_delivery_over_two_decades_in_a_full_time_immunization_clinic_of_a_tertiary_care_centre"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Time trends in vaccine delivery over two decades in a full-time immunization clinic of a tertiary care centre" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064581/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745354/Time_trends_in_vaccine_delivery_over_two_decades_in_a_full_time_immunization_clinic_of_a_tertiary_care_centre">Time trends in vaccine delivery over two decades in a full-time immunization clinic of a tertiary care centre</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Infectious Diseases</span><span>, Apr 1, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: India's national Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI) launched in 1978 offers vacc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: India's national Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI) launched in 1978 offers vaccines such as BCG, DPT, OPV, and measles vaccine free of cost, while pediatricianrecommended non-EPI vaccines are available for purchase in the country. On September 1 st 1994 the Pediatric Department, Christian Medical College, Vellore expanded immunization services from 2 afternoons/week into a daily full-time walk-in immunization clinic offering both EPI and non-EPI vaccines. In this study we analyze time trends in vaccination provided by this clinic over two decades. Methods & Materials: Manually entered records till 1 st January 1996 and subsequent computerized clinic records were accessed for information on vaccine types and doses delivered from 1 st January 1995 to 31 st December 2014. Results: The number of children attending the clinic showed a >2-fold increase from 31045 in 1995 to 89439 in 2014, averaging >7000/month and nearly 250/day in 2014. EPI vaccines increased proportionately for DPT (13313 in 1996 to 30641 doses in 2014), 4-fold for BCG(2650 in 1996 to 11610 in 2014) and over 5-fold for OPV(10452 in 1996 to 52200 in 2014). Hemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) vaccine was made available as a single vaccine from June 1997, as a quadrivalent(DPT-Hib) vaccine from September 1999 and as a pentavalent(DPT-Hepatitis B-Hib) vaccine from December 2002, nearly a decade before pentavalent vaccine provision on the national programme in 2011. Hib vaccine doses increased 6-fold from 4420 doses in 1998 to 28415 in 2014, with >15000 doses administered annually from 2001 and >20000 doses annually from 2008. The proportion of DPT and Hib administered as a combination vaccine increased from 3.7% in 1999 to 92% for DPT and 99% for Hib in 2014. Number of injections received at each child-visit did not exceed 2, and the average cost of a visit providing combination vaccines was kept to <500 INR(<10 USD). Conclusion: Affordability and ease of access were the keys to sustained growth in vaccine provision from this private not-forprofit clinic of a tertiary care centre, and similar strategies can be used to improve immunization coverage in the country. Hib disease reduction in our community was documented by us earlier, attributable to Hib vaccine provision from this clinic.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b31e7702be24aa35ff40e48815b0cd79" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064581,"asset_id":115745354,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064581/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745354"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745354"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745354; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745354]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745354]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745354; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745354']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b31e7702be24aa35ff40e48815b0cd79" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745354]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745354,"title":"Time trends in vaccine delivery over two decades in a full-time immunization clinic of a tertiary care centre","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745354/Time_trends_in_vaccine_delivery_over_two_decades_in_a_full_time_immunization_clinic_of_a_tertiary_care_centre","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064581,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064581/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064581/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Time_trends_in_vaccine_delivery_over_two.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064581/pdf-libre.pdf?1709526078=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTime_trends_in_vaccine_delivery_over_two.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=UEPdepZepAImUfo6fom3RutLt10JSaOi4-RoounxF1l5ODxZ7UwdjCc1hcuzXVRfu1qxA5yEUPk-2n1p49U7mlN7VEYttVESgMFDm3wUwZa1SGKXA4fG~fPTKnHW4OsEIgLp17q0WbO3cL4o-jJ-ikMTIYDXjvEnRUWmKY8WZ09pv047xogq2xEgLz71U0LcM2h3m5H5CpeNyMTjArs6IckV-hEre~zY5N7yH72EQ7sdITzoTPnfHCV~RJdhCWomuQMJuapVW2VvHfOh08c6iXuC-AEeraZOENeoQqGJSJr5meKyP2lQm4E~zhh3zaQ2mvV7jWDabghTgBabvrNjDg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745353"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745353/Optimization_of_dosing_regimens_of_isoniazid_and_rifampicin_in_children_with_tuberculosis_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Optimization of dosing regimens of isoniazid and rifampicin in children with tuberculosis in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064579/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745353/Optimization_of_dosing_regimens_of_isoniazid_and_rifampicin_in_children_with_tuberculosis_in_India">Optimization of dosing regimens of isoniazid and rifampicin in children with tuberculosis in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology</span><span>, Jan 17, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Pharmacokinetic studies in the past have shown inadequate antituberculosis drug levels in childre...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Pharmacokinetic studies in the past have shown inadequate antituberculosis drug levels in children with the currently available dosing regimens. This study attempted to investigate the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and rifampicin, when used in children, and to optimize their dosing regimens. METHODS Data were collected from 41 children, aged 2-16 years, who were being treated with antituberculosis drugs for at least 2 months. Concentration measurements were done for 6 h and analysed using a nonlinear, mixed-effects model. RESULTS Isoniazid pharmacokinetics were described by a one-compartment disposition model with a transit absorption model (fixed, n = 5). A mixture model was used to identify the slow and fast acetylator subgroups. Rifampicin was described by a onecompartment disposition model with a transit absorption model (fixed, n = 9). Body weight was added to the clearance and volume of distribution of both the drugs using an allometric function. Simulations with the isoniazid model showed that 84.9% of the population achieved therapeutic peak serum concentration with the planned fixed-dose combination regimen. Simulations with the rifampicin model showed that only about 28.8% of the simulated population achieve the therapeutic peak serum concentration with the fixed-dose combination regimen. A novel regimen for rifampicin, with an average dose of 35 mg kg-1 , was found to provide adequate drug exposure in most children. CONCLUSIONS The exposure to isoniazid is adequate with present regimens. For rifampicin, a novel dosing regimen was developed to ensure adequate drug concentrations in children. However, further studies are required to assess the dose-effect relationship of higher doses of rifampicin.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="258b1db5fd279d04c62862efad6a6503" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064579,"asset_id":115745353,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064579/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745353"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745353"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745353; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745353]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745353]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745353; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745353']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "258b1db5fd279d04c62862efad6a6503" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745353]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745353,"title":"Optimization of dosing regimens of isoniazid and rifampicin in children with tuberculosis in India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745353/Optimization_of_dosing_regimens_of_isoniazid_and_rifampicin_in_children_with_tuberculosis_in_India","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064579,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064579/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ptpmcrender.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064579/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Optimization_of_dosing_regimens_of_isoni.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064579/ptpmcrender-libre.pdf?1709526076=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOptimization_of_dosing_regimens_of_isoni.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=CJso56eTZJgzoiDk8SZyDROv0vUEtRjsr7GhefCsgA0I13J0mZlBpj0dI3Hp57l0rMkCm5POBweJGLs30eTPngg7zCrjFEsRdWm~0Cj8qWypM364zuCdfkrJf8y7VWlZTYNF8ASR9Y2tOjzZ4YVnhWvHPkOixzKP9~fdcfM-DlbxQDlxn6TsSpvXJpZXM1P~PuFtK11~nEhWN8wf0vopnY18FvZe~iY3aydDg4Ekgw1G0O-AH37TlpIwmC76bQ-alo5LTyruW3nWvc6-9~P0V4Zsn7a~JwI1z~ekrr42CswJw0VFpBlN1hPchYNAoQADJANs5GC7xBSOvHNJPd9SaQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745352"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745352/Clinicopathologic_study_of_Kikuchi_s_disease_in_children_in_a_tertiary_hospital_in_South_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Clinicopathologic study of Kikuchi’s disease in children in a tertiary hospital in South India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064578/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745352/Clinicopathologic_study_of_Kikuchi_s_disease_in_children_in_a_tertiary_hospital_in_South_India">Clinicopathologic study of Kikuchi’s disease in children in a tertiary hospital in South India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics</span><span>, Feb 23, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics, tr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment modalities and outcome of children with Kikuchi's disease. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among all children, histopathologically diagnosed with KFD. Clinical, laboratory data and treatment outcomes were analysed. Results: During the study period, 53 children histopathologically confirmed as KFD were enrolled in the study. There were 36 males and 17 females. The lymph node involvements were mostly cervical with bilateral predisposition (63.5%), firm (88%), matted (30.8%) and tenderness (38.5%). Fever, headache, vomiting, chills, myalgia and rash were other common presentations other than cervical lymphadenopathy. The associated laboratory findings include anemia (71.2%), leukopenia especially lymphopenia (31.4%), monocytosis (21.6%), thrombocytopenia (16.3%), elevated CRP (53.1%), ESR (83.7%), LDH (100%) and elevated liver enzymes. Most of the children were managed conservatively (49.1%). Corticosteroids were administered for (22.6 %) of patients. Recurrence occurred in 4 children (7.5 %) and 13 children (24.5%) had other associated diseases. Conclusions: KFD should be suspected in well children with febrile cervical lymphadenopathy, especially with leukopenia, monocytosis, and elevated CRP, ESR, LDH, Liver enzymes. KFD in children can have rarely atypical presentations and coexist with other diseases.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fbb34f7520a709cf940e2bd15425d100" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064578,"asset_id":115745352,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064578/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745352"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745352"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745352; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745352]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745352]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745352; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745352']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fbb34f7520a709cf940e2bd15425d100" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745352]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745352,"title":"Clinicopathologic study of Kikuchi’s disease in children in a tertiary hospital in South India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745352/Clinicopathologic_study_of_Kikuchi_s_disease_in_children_in_a_tertiary_hospital_in_South_India","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064578,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064578/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1585.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064578/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Clinicopathologic_study_of_Kikuchi_s_dis.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064578/1585-libre.pdf?1709526086=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DClinicopathologic_study_of_Kikuchi_s_dis.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=ZqcSJACv3bklMg5kmLgVXPLBjQB5xovMryh1eXY323F7wTrvl-tdHhq5z0Avbr03DRHzIY~2rYRuiensbZRgC773mEgozZkAjINjhkQVZTr2iB6wOX9XFUmXbW1h1aWQ6j1jIr7KTxFPcFFM0pZDrNKoW7xPstHdX4v3Wm0v2XHXT~Gw2RC7tj4Y6yZA~iB4uM3tx47zMEtMz~7z9~2bP5gPLSCSWTX6ORVYSKoxcwc51CHdwnXxs1Y2Z~fW5RpNKnOeCnk7kWpQ1mOLdROEM8pi1BHZb-x~9pHwIgqNh6aRaaWD-W-wE0Nw296N3GpFVKRymjY0XZjWHbuM1ZJA3w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745351"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745351/Immunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity_of_the_10_valent_pneumococcal_non_typeable_i_Haemophilus_influenzae_i_protein_D_conjugate_vaccine_PHiD_CV_when_co_administered_with_the_DTPw_HBV_Hib_vaccine_in_Indian_infants_a_single_blind_randomized_controlled_study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) when co-administered with the DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine in Indian infants: a single-blind, randomized, controlled study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064551/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745351/Immunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity_of_the_10_valent_pneumococcal_non_typeable_i_Haemophilus_influenzae_i_protein_D_conjugate_vaccine_PHiD_CV_when_co_administered_with_the_DTPw_HBV_Hib_vaccine_in_Indian_infants_a_single_blind_randomized_controlled_study">Immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) when co-administered with the DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine in Indian infants: a single-blind, randomized, controlled study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics</span><span>, May 1, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In India, pneumococcal diseases are major causes of child mortality, and effective vaccines again...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In India, pneumococcal diseases are major causes of child mortality, and effective vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae are needed. This single-blind, randomized study assessed the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) co-administered with DTPw-HBV/Hib in Indian infants as 3-dose primary vaccination course. A total of 360 infants were randomized (2:1) to receive either PHiD-CV co-administered with DTPw-HBV/Hib (PHiD-CV group) or a Hib vaccine co-administered with DTPw-HBV (control group) at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. For each vaccine pneumococcal serotype, the percentage of infants in the PHiD-CV group with antibody concentrations $ 0.2 mg/mL one month after the third vaccine dose was at least 98.3%, except for serotypes 6B (77.7%) and 23F (89.5%), and opsonophagocytic activity titers $ 8 were measured in at least 95.7% of infants, except for serotypes 1 (90.5%) and 6B (84.5%). In addition, all the infants in the PHiD-CV group were seroprotected against diphtheria, tetanus, Hib, and hepatitis B or seropositive for antibodies against pertussis and NTHi protein D (except one infant). Incidences of solicited local and general symptoms were comparable between groups, except for fever (axillary temperature $ 37.5°C), which seemed to occur more frequently in the PHiD-CV group. In conclusion, PHiD-CV was shown to be immunogenic and well-tolerated when co-administered with DTPw-HBV/Hib in Indian infants. This study has been registered at <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov" rel="nofollow">www.clinicaltrials.gov</a> NCT00814710.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="613d5b628bf2c42f8831c4dfa3a8f504" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064551,"asset_id":115745351,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064551/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745351"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745351"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745351; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745351]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745351]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745351; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745351']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "613d5b628bf2c42f8831c4dfa3a8f504" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745351]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745351,"title":"Immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable\u003ci\u003eHaemophilus influenzae\u003c/i\u003eprotein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) when co-administered with the DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine in Indian infants: a single-blind, randomized, controlled study","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745351/Immunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity_of_the_10_valent_pneumococcal_non_typeable_i_Haemophilus_influenzae_i_protein_D_conjugate_vaccine_PHiD_CV_when_co_administered_with_the_DTPw_HBV_Hib_vaccine_in_Indian_infants_a_single_blind_randomized_controlled_study","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064551,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064551/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"hv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064551/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Immunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064551/hv-libre.pdf?1709526091=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImmunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=N6LOHdBU8-iXtopjO3P9wGWHo0SfsCireQa0DiwJU54pr5uPhSPZF26V-jOG~swY9AlRYkPMLqc0djat-d3qipy8CJM8aKjlRwH4dVz~5MYzRaY4-lB7qSum6SS9c-9fUklz4TkqAsubuNxhQRL0E8UKBLedtuOpzh8xJj9l-ru5WKSqgL1k0RBaMy4eop0D6j9wBK0IpFa76FYwIz-NEpf66gcLywlSRKu6VoF~zwz3BLL900ZWhGsADPApFOYNI5F-JYk26qV5kUdrj~9EI9Rxvp1jWAeLnkx~6Ay0RfO8AnaYKO8zUkB6oEy13QuJh8tgo1rgC0Tj~gWmnkeM2g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":112064552,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064552/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"hv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064552/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Immunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064552/hv-libre.pdf?1709526095=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImmunogenicity_safety_and_reactogenicity.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=IdHDD0Xk6vS6a7Jn~k1PESPdIuOVQa8N16dPbosFJEIeza~t1FMDs30Lf6p2ba6ztyRbBDVV2WzinJEMrtUSYIV2oC75fW2XeUexGnACVIpuhlxoBU0~p4iPNOngyJAAMDE1X6Es9qVfycq1dacDMgWnZ5gKBzSdKeBksxV2CDpENp8t9v2Zhh4UL9xLfkbRiywbOsIQ-FSn4WybvGEi0am0XLAFQ3~FsI0Q-PMUufmb-NPOnwoXi34aH~HrmxnI5-EDz-6iuhVhPyDKAIrsEPyxzyNeJ536aAVzkgYuBlnTPEnpgQHeqQUoQig1gxCjMRvlk5ys314TJrdo4JJ5Jg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745350"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745350/Spotted_fever_diagnosis_Experience_from_a_South_Indian_center"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spotted fever diagnosis: Experience from a South Indian center" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745350/Spotted_fever_diagnosis_Experience_from_a_South_Indian_center">Spotted fever diagnosis: Experience from a South Indian center</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Pathogens and Global Health</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT Spotted fever (SF) is an important treatable cause of acute febrile illness (AFI) with r...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT Spotted fever (SF) is an important treatable cause of acute febrile illness (AFI) with rash and has reemerged in India. A prospective AFI with rash study was undertaken at a South Indian hospital to correlate specific clinical findings with laboratory confirmation of spotted fever. During the study period (December 2017 to May 2019), 175 patients with fever and rash were suspected to have spotted fever. Molecular assays for scrub typhus and spotted fever (47 kDa and ompA qPCR) and serology (IgM ELISA) was performed on the 96 individuals recruited. Laboratory confirmed SF cases (ompA qPCR positive) were 21, whereas laboratory supported SF cases (ompA negative but sero-positive by SF IgM ELISA) were 27. Among the 48 spotted fever (SF) cases, 70% of had maculopapular rash, 12.5% had macular rash, purpuric/petechial rash (severe rash) was seen in 8 patients (16.7%). Presence of rash on the palms and soles was associated with a relative risk (RR) of 4.36 (95% CI: 2.67–7.10; p &lt; 0.001). Our study suggests that ompA qPCR though useful for confirming the diagnosis of spotted fever is not always positive. A positive SF IgM ELISA in febrile individuals with palmo-plantar rash supports the diagnosis of spotted fever especially when other causes of febrile rash have been excluded. Multi-centric prospective studies employing the serological reference standard, IFA (immunofluorescence assay) in addition to the assays used in this study are needed to validate these findings.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745350"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745350"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745350; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745350]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745350]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745350; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745350']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745350]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745350,"title":"Spotted fever diagnosis: Experience from a South Indian center","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745350/Spotted_fever_diagnosis_Experience_from_a_South_Indian_center","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115745328"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745328/Impact_of_maternal_antibodies_and_microbiota_development_on_the_immunogenicity_of_oral_rotavirus_vaccine_in_African_Indian_and_European_infants_a_prospective_cohort_study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants: a prospective cohort study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064565/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115745328/Impact_of_maternal_antibodies_and_microbiota_development_on_the_immunogenicity_of_oral_rotavirus_vaccine_in_African_Indian_and_European_infants_a_prospective_cohort_study">Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants: a prospective cohort study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Identifying risk factors for impaired oral rotavirus vaccine (ORV) efficacy in low-income countri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Identifying risk factors for impaired oral rotavirus vaccine (ORV) efficacy in low-income countries may lead to improvements in vaccine design and delivery. We measured maternal rotavirus antibodies, environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), and bacterial gut microbiota development among infants receiving two doses of Rotarix in India (n = 307), Malawi (n = 119), and the UK (n = 60), using standardised methods across cohorts. ORV shedding and seroconversion rates were significantly lower in Malawi and India than the UK. Maternal rotavirus-specific antibodies in serum and breastmilk were negatively correlated with ORV response in India and Malawi, and this was mediated partly by a reduction in ORV replication. In the UK, ORV replication was not inhibited despite comparable maternal antibody levels. In both India and Malawi, pre-vaccination microbiota diversity was negatively correlated with ORV immunogenicity, suggesting that high early-life microbial exposure may contribute to impair...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="75a0d1c98097d18a9106ab4ac766b283" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112064565,"asset_id":115745328,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064565/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115745328"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115745328"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745328; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745328]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115745328]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115745328; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115745328']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "75a0d1c98097d18a9106ab4ac766b283" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115745328]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115745328,"title":"Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants: a prospective cohort study","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115745328/Impact_of_maternal_antibodies_and_microbiota_development_on_the_immunogenicity_of_oral_rotavirus_vaccine_in_African_Indian_and_European_infants_a_prospective_cohort_study","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":112064565,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112064565/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2020.11.02.20224576.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112064565/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Impact_of_maternal_antibodies_and_microb.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112064565/2020.11.02.20224576.full-libre.pdf?1709526290=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImpact_of_maternal_antibodies_and_microb.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=coHIFnsBStYmNx1IZAviNiqk4iW-PqGDtamWwCvyJep4GupfK2Ijp-UINT-SNp~v3LbAB8DRuD-ZFSa86DjcygYNJBirVP1l41ZlgCQZnNmt2GHu48wLYJcfTKeIQI6A7K-93RTJnMNVPKN4v66nQ8XQeXZqjIWNK1ausrI3o3a~Vn6RwPuihUKYLnNgTKGPvjRpkGUQ2W3rZ100Uvr0~uN-NvEZ29spQh3wV99lVt~uyp57KWcRcDPZmk--qBJwUwBIHqHsCbQ7nFGjRTa7gjYUKzE56sgvLnYOlts~skv11GepUZEMyHxkQyrtd4wHbNluoMS0iv89VBfDoem2hg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111022322"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111022322/Serological_and_Molecular_Methods_in_Diagnosis_of_Lower_Respiratory_Tract_Infections_Caused_due_to_Chlamydia_pneumoniae"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Serological and Molecular Methods in Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Caused due to Chlamydia pneumoniae" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108657747/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111022322/Serological_and_Molecular_Methods_in_Diagnosis_of_Lower_Respiratory_Tract_Infections_Caused_due_to_Chlamydia_pneumoniae">Serological and Molecular Methods in Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Caused due to Chlamydia pneumoniae</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Johnprakash5">John prakash</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusmithakarunasreePerumalla">Susmithakarunasree Perumalla</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese">Valsan Verghese</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IndiraAgarwal">Indira Agarwal</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AgarwalIndira">Indira Agarwal</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PJaj1">P. Jaj</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KevinPlaxco">Kevin Plaxco</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current Medical Issues</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">IntRoductIon Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">IntRoductIon Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with nearly one million deaths occurring yearly worldwide. [1] Diagnosis of LRTI is generally made based on both clinical and laboratory findings. The main causes of LRTI in young children are viruses and bacteria. Although respiratory pathogens can be identified in about 25%-50% of cases of LRTI, [2-6] initial therapy is generally empiric. This is so because of the inability to determine the causative organisms in most of the patients by the time treatment is initiated. [7] One of the factors contributing to the unidentified etiology in LRTI is the difficulty in identifying atypical pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, Legionella spp. that do not respond to routinely used beta-lactam antibiotics for LRTI. The present study was done to determine the incidence of LRTI due to Chlamydia pneumoniae in young children. Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) continue to be a major health problem in children. Increasingly "atypical" agents such as Chlamydophila pneumoniae are being recognized as a significant cause of LRTI. The current study evaluated serological and molecular methods in detection of LRTI due to C. pneumoniae in young children. Materials and Methods: Serum and nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) were collected from 53 treatment-naïve children (6 months-6 years) with LRTI. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to C. pneumoniae were detected in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and microimmunofluorescence (MIF) test. Nonnested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect a 183-bp fragment of the 60-kDa outer membrane protein 2 of C. pneumoniae was performed on DNA extracted from the NPA samples. Results: Of the 53 children tested, 14 (26.4%) children were diagnosed to have acute C. pneumoniae infection according to CDC guidelines. When compared with IgM MIF (reference test), PCR and IgM ELISA showed a sensitivity of 36% and 71%, respectively, and a specificity of 100%. IgG antibodies were positive in an additional 8 cases, by both MIF and ELISA, suggesting "possible" reinfection. Conclusion: This study despite its drawbacks provides evidence that C. pneumoniae is a significant cause of LRTI in young children.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c4b3316aecf954c607f680da32b54a85" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108657747,"asset_id":111022322,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108657747/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111022322"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111022322"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111022322; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111022322]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111022322]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111022322; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111022322']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c4b3316aecf954c607f680da32b54a85" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111022322]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111022322,"title":"Serological and Molecular Methods in Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Caused due to Chlamydia pneumoniae","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111022322/Serological_and_Molecular_Methods_in_Diagnosis_of_Lower_Respiratory_Tract_Infections_Caused_due_to_Chlamydia_pneumoniae","owner_id":95926122,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":95926122,"first_name":"John","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"prakash","page_name":"Johnprakash5","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2018-10-25T03:21:14.819-07:00","display_name":"John prakash","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Johnprakash5","email":"emdXZWgrS0dIRENHS2JlOWxsOGNXdjcyOEp3R0pmQkwvWjl2bEF6elZYdz0tLUJrMHY2SjlxUzljbTBMQ2hTM24yYXc9PQ==--19571f3805fe697f3c6e4efbfd97819d49e0bfd6"},"attachments":[{"id":108657747,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108657747/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Ashwin_YB_Serological_and_molecular_methods_in_diagnosis_of_CP.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108657747/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Serological_and_Molecular_Methods_in_Dia.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108657747/Ashwin_YB_Serological_and_molecular_methods_in_diagnosis_of_CP.pdf?1702197452=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSerological_and_Molecular_Methods_in_Dia.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413061\u0026Signature=KY9saKDxB1b-EZ4kz3ORolrEqi6Sh8fu3KdxtrxXWNvb99ChGGQB7nokLJDsYIpmI1IbiwK8-rC14j1w~laub2m69UxvRfMEhRUzF~u919vHKh0Knwq8GatENv5Ok6QP7q0LxI84FaINXu-zEe6xKRurE5H4r7CVDOW5XHyOrfQz1Ah8nyjm9tIegMyczi5qXbUHTbi2g9HkYbfegOs1vUaYegBYrIS22wiApk8b2XY8mlDtg~7ktQuJCsgShXD0MDgesyS4YwK615MSRs9AGUiIj5DBvKbmFKeiVhFxZSJ7cXjfuge7a7vTSJFKVaTZugo9ndKaV3FRDacmvhxl2Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36686890"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36686890/ARTICLE_IN_PRESS_G_Model_Immunochromatography_in_CSF_improves_data_on_surveillance_of_S_pneumoniae_meningitis_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ARTICLE IN PRESS G Model Immunochromatography in CSF improves data on surveillance of S. pneumoniae meningitis in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56624614/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36686890/ARTICLE_IN_PRESS_G_Model_Immunochromatography_in_CSF_improves_data_on_surveillance_of_S_pneumoniae_meningitis_in_India">ARTICLE IN PRESS G Model Immunochromatography in CSF improves data on surveillance of S. pneumoniae meningitis in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://sctimst.academia.edu/YuvarajJayaraman">Yuvaraj Jayaraman</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese">Valsan Verghese</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a significant cause of childhood bacterial meningitis i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a significant cause of childhood bacterial meningitis in India. The United States Food and Drug Administration has licensed an immunochromatographic (ICT) test, Binax ® NOW TM , to detect the C polysaccharide antigen of S. pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF). Accurate etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in India is essential for effective treatment strategies and preventive interventions. Materials and methods: CSF samples from 2081 children admitted, with clinically suspected bacterial meningitis at 11 sentinel sites of hospital based sentinel surveillance network for bacterial meningitis in India between September 2009 and December 2016 were tested with ICT. Concurrent CSF cultures were processed using standard procedures. Results and discussion: S. pneumoniae was detected thrice the number of times by ICT than by CSF culture , with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 95.3% respectively. This rapid ICT test proves to be of immense use as a diagnostic test for meningitis patients with/without prior antibiotic treatment, especially in facilities with limited laboratory infrastructure in resource limited settings.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6648933fa6195dba8c0427160391d7d9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56624614,"asset_id":36686890,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56624614/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36686890"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36686890"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36686890; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36686890]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36686890]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36686890; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36686890']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6648933fa6195dba8c0427160391d7d9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36686890]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36686890,"title":"ARTICLE IN PRESS G Model Immunochromatography in CSF improves data on surveillance of S. pneumoniae meningitis in India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36686890/ARTICLE_IN_PRESS_G_Model_Immunochromatography_in_CSF_improves_data_on_surveillance_of_S_pneumoniae_meningitis_in_India","owner_id":1427745,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":1427745,"first_name":"Yuvaraj","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jayaraman","page_name":"YuvarajJayaraman","domain_name":"sctimst","created_at":"2012-04-02T20:25:41.148-07:00","display_name":"Yuvaraj Jayaraman","url":"https://sctimst.academia.edu/YuvarajJayaraman","email":"L250ZTFZSDdDUTZJWTN6OUVyM0xaWjl3V0dKbWR2K0RsTUxvdmRtVUwzVT0tLWJkSW9INVNhU2YwV29kalB2RUZ5enc9PQ==--04f9b7abb296f87e2c2cc0fee8278a09dbba03ed"},"attachments":[{"id":56624614,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56624614/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Binax_JIPH_inpressarticle-1_-_Copy.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56624614/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"ARTICLE_IN_PRESS_G_Model_Immunochromatog.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56624614/Binax_JIPH_inpressarticle-1_-_Copy-libre.pdf?1526969674=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DARTICLE_IN_PRESS_G_Model_Immunochromatog.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413062\u0026Signature=aiqulUYod0AnmyqGftu9fzP0AVfysXVy0Rv-clU49hUzsbnB~fz~Lq0AzJZxB2LpohzsA6cKslehd67beUnEfA5xS0Pi3FYLBxttuvQmhnd8JmRWD5FNEG7TjRx7Nlphdvts4NWeC1fWARW2qVYg1q418RRpHbgndTUM2uiAnQjs9bRTNjTHMBqZ4tgp4dCW~ID~8omn8o1n0yno2FxL~ZVTgib71QyfBoXesRXrE7~pqUmNuntxQ2Lz0d2Ya023GhvsejRC-MUpdUJDRU6-T5EbAR75-TOTqrW82Y7rvmJir3EWw-EJqEbKt9EH-HALTzdcjoHmfdW-hYYzzYRE9Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709921"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709921/Diagnostic_accuracy_of_a_three_gene_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_host_response_cartridge_using_fingerstick_blood_for_childhood_tuberculosis_a_multicentre_prospective_study_in_low_income_and_middle_income_countries"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic accuracy of a three-gene Mycobacterium tuberculosis host response cartridge using fingerstick blood for childhood tuberculosis: a multicentre prospective study in low-income and middle-income countries" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709921/Diagnostic_accuracy_of_a_three_gene_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_host_response_cartridge_using_fingerstick_blood_for_childhood_tuberculosis_a_multicentre_prospective_study_in_low_income_and_middle_income_countries">Diagnostic accuracy of a three-gene Mycobacterium tuberculosis host response cartridge using fingerstick blood for childhood tuberculosis: a multicentre prospective study in low-income and middle-income countries</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Lancet Infectious Diseases</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709921"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709921"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709921; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709921]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709921]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709921; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709921']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709921]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709921,"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a three-gene Mycobacterium tuberculosis host response cartridge using fingerstick blood for childhood tuberculosis: a multicentre prospective study in low-income and middle-income countries","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709921/Diagnostic_accuracy_of_a_three_gene_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_host_response_cartridge_using_fingerstick_blood_for_childhood_tuberculosis_a_multicentre_prospective_study_in_low_income_and_middle_income_countries","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709920"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709920/Utility_of_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_In_tube_test_QFT_compared_with_the_Tuberculin_Skin_Test_TST_in_diagnosing_tuberculosis_in_Indian_children_with_malnutrition_A_prospective_study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Utility of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube test (QFT) compared with the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in diagnosing tuberculosis in Indian children with malnutrition: A prospective study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443399/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709920/Utility_of_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_In_tube_test_QFT_compared_with_the_Tuberculin_Skin_Test_TST_in_diagnosing_tuberculosis_in_Indian_children_with_malnutrition_A_prospective_study">Utility of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube test (QFT) compared with the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in diagnosing tuberculosis in Indian children with malnutrition: A prospective study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Infectious Diseases</span><span>, Apr 1, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">p (92%) received sequential parenteral-oral treatment with a mean duration of 21 days (r: 1-60d)....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">p (92%) received sequential parenteral-oral treatment with a mean duration of 21 days (r: 1-60d). Median hospital stay was 12 days (r: 4-60). One patient (2, 7%) died because of sepsis and necrotizing pneumonia. Conclusion: Epidemiology of CA-Sa infection is changing in the newborn period with increasing CA-MRSA strains in the last 8 years in Argentina. We have to consider it for the empirical antibiotic treatment especially in those p coming from the community with skin and soft tissue infection.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="62d4d17dda0060b9d1728b3f0890ff7f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108443399,"asset_id":110709920,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443399/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709920"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709920"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709920; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709920]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709920]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709920; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709920']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "62d4d17dda0060b9d1728b3f0890ff7f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709920]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709920,"title":"Utility of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube test (QFT) compared with the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in diagnosing tuberculosis in Indian children with malnutrition: A prospective study","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709920/Utility_of_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_In_tube_test_QFT_compared_with_the_Tuberculin_Skin_Test_TST_in_diagnosing_tuberculosis_in_Indian_children_with_malnutrition_A_prospective_study","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":108443399,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443399/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443399/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Utility_of_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_In_tu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443399/pdf-libre.pdf?1701864739=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUtility_of_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_In_tu.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=W~n5oGLhpTWrmFfpzjtekeT1nwaT~fKWiWsaRrH3FIcBT1YKY70U2euuw0RqPFVzirgvqAl41noL~9yjvugC6RyChu1KQ9H836RkT2nvGpErrQXC8CsUXqEQUsr8NejMlWIuONQ20ndXdLOuaCoLJbIJZTy2l-Pjglt0t200rZm1CX~sH-J8XpxPtm3F0r2oOF3IA5MngUQ-Vb2txyj9KYWr325QtsRtasxzRKaJ5mxTNcg6N4SQYd4pEQVUbRujXObvhSWC0faHyO6GM64jyG68G0JOry31EXmcoO4GXkd8DixLY1~N2hJCBQP~zQZjalXqqFxOpw9Z2lli2w1VIQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709919"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709919/Mechanisms_of_Carbapenem_Resistance_in_K_pneumoniae_and_E_coli_from_Bloodstream_Infections_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mechanisms of Carbapenem Resistance in K.pneumoniae and E. coli from Bloodstream Infections in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443398/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709919/Mechanisms_of_Carbapenem_Resistance_in_K_pneumoniae_and_E_coli_from_Bloodstream_Infections_in_India">Mechanisms of Carbapenem Resistance in K.pneumoniae and E. coli from Bloodstream Infections in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction: Emergence and global spread of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction: Emergence and global spread of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are of great concern in healthcare settings. Resistance to carbapenem is mostly conferred by metallo β-lactamase (IMP, VIM and NDM) and carbapenem hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase (OXA-48 like). The aim of this study was to characterise the molecular mechanism of resistance in the clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae causing bacteremia and showing resistance to β-lactams, including carbapenems. Materials and Methods: Isolates of E.coli (n=42) and K. pneumoniae (n=134) from blood culture collected during 2013-2015 were screened for carbapenemase production by using carba NP test and the presence of carbapenem resistant genes (KPC, IMP, VIM, NDM and OXA-48 like). Sequencing was performed for the randomly selected isolates positive for NDM and OXA-48 like.Results: Of the 176 isolates, 97% of the isolates were found to be positive with carba NP test. Carba NP test has the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 98%, 50%, 99% and 20% respectively. Each of blaNDM and blaOXA-48 like was seen in 32% of the tested isolates. Co-production of blaNDM and blaOXA48 like and blaVIM and blaOXA48 were seen in 13% and 8% of isolates respectively. Noticeably, 3% of isolates were identified as co-producers of blaNDM, blaVIM and blaOXA48 like. All of the sequenced NDM and OXA-48 like were identified as NDM-1 and OXA-181 variants. Conclusion: Increasing incidence of OXA-48 like is worrisome in developing countries. Because of its weak hydrolytic acivity against broad spectrum cephalosporin and carbapenems, these may go undetected in routine screening. In particular, blaOXA48 like gene is mostly identified on the plasmid and is implicated as the cause for silent spread and outbreaks in hospitalized patients.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="85f2b802609b2c2b5ebbd7a11f13334b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108443398,"asset_id":110709919,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443398/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709919"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709919"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709919; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709919]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709919]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709919; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709919']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "85f2b802609b2c2b5ebbd7a11f13334b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709919]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709919,"title":"Mechanisms of Carbapenem Resistance in K.pneumoniae and E. coli from Bloodstream Infections in India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709919/Mechanisms_of_Carbapenem_Resistance_in_K_pneumoniae_and_E_coli_from_Bloodstream_Infections_in_India","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":108443398,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443398/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"mechanisms-of-carbapenem-resistance-in-kpneumoniae-and-e-coli-from-bloodstream-infections-in-india-2332-0877-1000293.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443398/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Mechanisms_of_Carbapenem_Resistance_in_K.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443398/mechanisms-of-carbapenem-resistance-in-kpneumoniae-and-e-coli-from-bloodstream-infections-in-india-2332-0877-1000293.pdf?1701863605=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMechanisms_of_Carbapenem_Resistance_in_K.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413062\u0026Signature=bz4gBq6zB9qzsG2O-d~a9tdEKfMbb1tEQEmavd0k93~O0NYe3PvrcdMf-POF3EYwZcuMOim6sYJKHUf~LWV4tWVOelGC-YRFec-nkNWcGKkiEf55hMDG-PPjsHep8jta31zOTnufoMA8iN9n8rsfIhkhKpIZnYotggr52MiZPK9tDF~wtIvMx40RGGnjxhilIUsO5hcnXrrbK8HcSqhV~vxogbgmkVQJ0UxoNvV-mjWW95iH-bhnRbm1jOMPf3FP7OPC9D6t~fxC6e9VMZaKnS3Pe09TIUjTDF1zMAWEi1UObxO9mTWgiu8fC6Hi55To-huzaq9BLa38r2OEhZpQ4Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709918"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709918/Is_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_test_QFT_better_than_the_Tuberculin_Skin_Test_TST_in_diagnosing_active_and_latent_tuberculosis_in_BCG_vaccinated_children"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Is the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT) better than the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in diagnosing active and latent tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated children?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443396/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709918/Is_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_test_QFT_better_than_the_Tuberculin_Skin_Test_TST_in_diagnosing_active_and_latent_tuberculosis_in_BCG_vaccinated_children">Is the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT) better than the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in diagnosing active and latent tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated children?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Infectious Diseases</span><span>, Apr 1, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Results: Blood cultures from 40 neonates received during the study period. Blood cultures from 18...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Results: Blood cultures from 40 neonates received during the study period. Blood cultures from 18/40 neonates showed bacterial growth. Nine of 18 (50%) neonates showed the growth of E.faecium. All the E.faecium isolates were susceptible to Vancomycin and Linezolid. Susceptibility to other antibiotics :uniformly susceptible to Quinupristin/Dalfopristin and Chloramphenicol. Resistant to macrolides,fluoroquinolones,Gentamicin(high-level). Sequences of seven of the nine isolates were deposited in Gen-Bank (GenBank accession numbers HM222631 to HM222637). The sequence of the each isolate was different from the other. The neonates were either preterm or low birth weight. Babies presented with respiratory distress(6/9), with seizures (2/9) and refusal to feed (1/9). Conclusion: Among the neonates from whom Enterococcus faecium was isolated in blood, no specific clinical feature could be noticed. The isolates were found to be different from each other in our attempt to establish the relatedness of the strains.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="de0dc8dea091509251e9bc0b412dfbac" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108443396,"asset_id":110709918,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443396/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709918"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709918"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709918; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709918]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709918]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709918; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709918']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "de0dc8dea091509251e9bc0b412dfbac" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709918]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709918,"title":"Is the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT) better than the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in diagnosing active and latent tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated children?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709918/Is_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_test_QFT_better_than_the_Tuberculin_Skin_Test_TST_in_diagnosing_active_and_latent_tuberculosis_in_BCG_vaccinated_children","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":108443396,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443396/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443396/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Is_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_test_QFT_bett.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443396/pdf-libre.pdf?1701864740=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIs_the_QuantiFERON_TB_Gold_test_QFT_bett.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=LHOWWzI9U39bGv-W5FaDfH4M-~djtkVLmDeDZAV1YIHDkW5fqhSBXXYJCEuXxjUKhrjRGMpUcCJU0skHLqNzmDZdh93ZAERn-wHbI9ydXUD1UthHnf1y93sk~SeN7f1ahrkSWKw5Toxh4tyXT5vMF9-bFDGdee2r2TvXhwWx1152u4v9z-nG~8r0WOfAcDzMJP40OBoiF3W3jrxolOMswjLfE5DEONQr8ZW-hVkWQCFWWpYMRL5wENCblZxjZ5wVCwjOsq21zV63i~gGF3Y8nIKtOxmDI7Wfi0u3zBN31xCzFor3e1Ubx8aUVOrEgIHvB6I1MO3QTNlh9XZ1Uw2xbQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709917"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709917/Accuracy_of_the_Xpert_MTB_RIF_assay_compared_to_the_gold_standard_AFB_culture_in_the_diagnosis_of_tuberculosis_in_children_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay compared to the “gold standard” AFB culture in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443397/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709917/Accuracy_of_the_Xpert_MTB_RIF_assay_compared_to_the_gold_standard_AFB_culture_in_the_diagnosis_of_tuberculosis_in_children_in_India">Accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay compared to the “gold standard” AFB culture in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Infectious Diseases</span><span>, Apr 1, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">93.2% and 91.5%. The QFT had 58.3% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity in diagnosing children with ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">93.2% and 91.5%. The QFT had 58.3% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity in diagnosing children with latent TB. The commonest discordant results were TST + / QFT-in 15 of 141 children without TB, not unexpected in this BCG-vaccinated population. Conclusion: The QFT performed better than the TST in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Although only moderately sensitive, they were highly specific in ruling out TB and showed good concordance in TB-negative children. Although a case may be made for using both tests in BCG-vaccinated children, the higher costs and technical expertise required for the QFT do not support its use instead of the cheaper and simpler TST in India.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b6e953b205b850ba557ae7ea3f48d9c7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108443397,"asset_id":110709917,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443397/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709917"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709917"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709917; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709917]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709917]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709917; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709917']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b6e953b205b850ba557ae7ea3f48d9c7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709917]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709917,"title":"Accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay compared to the “gold standard” AFB culture in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children in India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709917/Accuracy_of_the_Xpert_MTB_RIF_assay_compared_to_the_gold_standard_AFB_culture_in_the_diagnosis_of_tuberculosis_in_children_in_India","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":108443397,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443397/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443397/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Accuracy_of_the_Xpert_MTB_RIF_assay_comp.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443397/pdf-libre.pdf?1701864740=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAccuracy_of_the_Xpert_MTB_RIF_assay_comp.pdf\u0026Expires=1740544509\u0026Signature=OMAAsfV8vDAA0BDfH8YzaC1~nbryYfFr0Wo54YohZfMX2DOGwoVQHpreKLdDlUu~hnOftQXP3yBXRXiCgOpjDSIC9te0W36OnmKUtYEhqbFyuu8KlvYLW6p2AEY8Ntu5LjguDDdQBLv5QfWcaT4ts3wp5LHXHdV8XO6TUhRropLxyINl-NEqJC4i1anV7Es8Jm5gCoEsP5j53K85YSnsQ~2lrzMS-vWQH0lH3XmReRSSGesJ6pOfnaoXFVEiMn7b5MuC0jrmyKN-v~PYX2E6-MXijkYsM4GxUle-2~HIWmtY5BPWT99xgs2pSmpG0r4LfyFH1J9RdjsbFrzDhoyZgQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709916"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709916/Risk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictors_of_blood_stream_infections_with_New_Delhi_Metallo_b_lactamase_NDM_1_producing_i_Enterobacteriaceae_i_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Risk factors and epidemiologic predictors of blood stream infections with New Delhi Metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1) producing<i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443357/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709916/Risk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictors_of_blood_stream_infections_with_New_Delhi_Metallo_b_lactamase_NDM_1_producing_i_Enterobacteriaceae_i_">Risk factors and epidemiologic predictors of blood stream infections with New Delhi Metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1) producing<i>Enterobacteriaceae</i></a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Epidemiology and Infection</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae conferred by New Delhi metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1) resist...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae conferred by New Delhi metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1) resistance mechanism are endemic in India and Southeast Asia. An understanding of risk factors for NDM-1 infections is necessary to guide prevention strategies. We performed a retrospective case-control study of patients admitted at Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India between May 2010 and August 2014 with Klebsiella pneumoniae blood stream infection (BSI). We compared patients with BSI caused by NDM-1 producing strains to two control groups: BSI with other multidrug resistant (MDR) strains and BSI with pan-susceptible strains. The study groups were assessed for risk factors for the outcomes: (1) infection with any MDR strain compared to pan-susceptible; and, (2) infection with NDM-1 strain as compared with other MDR and (3) Mortality. A total of 101 patients with BSI with NDM-1 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were matched to two groups of controls: 112 with non-NDM-1 MDR strains and 101 with pan-susceptible strains. Medical (OR 10.4) and neonatal (OR 0.7) ICU admission, central venous catheter placement (CVC, OR 7.4) predicted MDR BSI. Prior carbapenem use (OR 8.4) and CVC (OR 4.8) predicted acquisition of an NDM-1 strain. Significant predictors for mortality included ICU stay (OR 3.0), mechanical ventilation (OR 3.2), female gender (OR 2.2), diabetes (OR 0.4). CVC placement, prior carbapenem use and ICU admission were significantly associated with BSI with NDM-1 producing and other MDR strains.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c8fe09a466c85a4c86dee19deedf05fc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108443357,"asset_id":110709916,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443357/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709916"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709916"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709916; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709916]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709916]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709916; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709916']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c8fe09a466c85a4c86dee19deedf05fc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709916]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709916,"title":"Risk factors and epidemiologic predictors of blood stream infections with New Delhi Metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1) producing\u003ci\u003eEnterobacteriaceae\u003c/i\u003e","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709916/Risk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictors_of_blood_stream_infections_with_New_Delhi_Metallo_b_lactamase_NDM_1_producing_i_Enterobacteriaceae_i_","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":108443357,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443357/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"div-class-title-risk-factors-and-epidemiologic-predictors-of-blood-stream-infections-with-new-delhi-metallo-b-lactamase-ndm-1-producing-.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443357/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Risk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictor.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443357/div-class-title-risk-factors-and-epidemiologic-predictors-of-blood-stream-infections-with-new-delhi-metallo-b-lactamase-ndm-1-producing--libre.pdf?1701864742=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRisk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictor.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413062\u0026Signature=Wl4aAJJcoWNM3SGMEIDzthKrztafLhijuyZb9WvkrVFQMyq~lPbaHFUfSyFYH8HeGSWFRVux5lpP0zGXF2DTA1PFnsrbxiz~B65LnJR58p8h8lhFEehnbG-AHEe41LP5pCtGqgfNxVBTzjsLfGkIAs-u5ppQdXTw8g4C3-hCvXoIPxdkXcgbJ2iPd9Xj3W4QB-4psEiDB~gncgocVk3TtYu5UUDrJnOY~9IIAkw4JxGbrgdDH7FP6KWk~3ihIVhRk-xGt41s694hCUbEeZZ-Tk8wdt~Is5kebvX7NiBV~gPOcWZ8GPmSciMKUJ37cyuZxGJm4UEaam0rMo7de8DRvg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":108443358,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443358/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"div-class-title-risk-factors-and-epidemiologic-predictors-of-blood-stream-infections-with-new-delhi-metallo-b-lactamase-ndm-1-producing-.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443358/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Risk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictor.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443358/div-class-title-risk-factors-and-epidemiologic-predictors-of-blood-stream-infections-with-new-delhi-metallo-b-lactamase-ndm-1-producing--libre.pdf?1701864743=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRisk_factors_and_epidemiologic_predictor.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413062\u0026Signature=M23gNdufcH7wK8Z~4tiwN9C1F7VhddjrNYcq3N5Vjsa0dZHCNaWKN9rBpbwnSr8DAiPMHErpCqwUbOBZHG6sPaR29Ul9DCZq6XgIXcGTheaG41REqrbPl9voUpMchdYSGfw-gmwhHyg3a4W~w21eFhHxHv993m7dlOFvkvYb1k3yUq5RhQeswfaTgIsL60nPqsr0ygE-YiPF9s1ta6wdzkHwK7BokWyTKtyGTaNaI663NUU3TiIDw~DCnEBeho9LszJC9nrakoPVmaL3KYMdAT59BMR59OcGhl35YlY5IhmIBbOuN~ccFXUylFEcW3DRBoU9t5HG9N~p5DJTF~GDcg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110709915"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709915/An_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_Influenza_A_H1N1_in_a_Large_Hospital_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Eight-Year Profile of Children with Influenza A(H1N1) in a Large Hospital in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443355/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110709915/An_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_Influenza_A_H1N1_in_a_Large_Hospital_in_India">An Eight-Year Profile of Children with Influenza A(H1N1) in a Large Hospital in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Tropical Pediatrics</span><span>, Aug 1, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As influenza virus A(H1N1) continues to circulate, reports from India have documented mainly resp...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As influenza virus A(H1N1) continues to circulate, reports from India have documented mainly respiratory involvement in children. This retrospective chart review of children at a medical college found that from August 2009 to July 2017, 855 children aged 3 months to 15 years had H1N1 influenza of whom 310 (36.3%) were admitted and 29 (9.4% admissions) died. In 2009-12, 76.5% patients presented in August-October but from 2015 to 2017, 89.3% came in January-March. The proportion of under-fives increased from 54.0% in 2009-10 to 77.7% in 2015-17. Among admitted children, 82.6% were under 5 years, 96.1% had respiratory symptoms and 11% had seizures. Six children had encephalopathy of whom four died; two survivors had severe neurological sequelae. Other features included gastroenteritis, otitis media, myositis and hepatitis. Complications included shock (10.7%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (6.1%). Evidence of bacterial/fungal infection was present in 71 (22.9%). Oxygen was required by 123 children (39.7%), high-dependency/intensive care by 47 (15.2%), 17 (5.5%) received high-flow oxygen and 29 (9.4%) required mechanical ventilation. There were no significantly increased odds of needing intensive care or of dying in children with underlying diseases or among different age groups but those with underlying central nervous system (CNS) diseases had higher odds of needing high-dependency/intensive care [odds ratio (OR) 2.35, p ¼ 0.046]. Significantly, children with CNS symptoms had nearly seven times higher odds of needing mechanical ventilation (OR 6.85, p < 0.001) and over three times higher odds of dying (OR 3.31, p ¼ 0.009). LAY SUMMARY H1N1 Influenza ("swine flu") emerged as a global pandemic in 2009 and continues to affect children all over the world. This review of records from a medical college hospital in southern India found that 855 children aged 3 months to 15 years came with H1N1 influenza over 8 years from</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1d01d7868246ff3f57c24b55e54c8480" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108443355,"asset_id":110709915,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443355/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110709915"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110709915"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709915; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709915]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110709915]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110709915; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110709915']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1d01d7868246ff3f57c24b55e54c8480" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110709915]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110709915,"title":"An Eight-Year Profile of Children with Influenza A(H1N1) in a Large Hospital in India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110709915/An_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_Influenza_A_H1N1_in_a_Large_Hospital_in_India","owner_id":36149946,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":36149946,"first_name":"Valsan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Verghese","page_name":"ValsanVerghese","domain_name":"cmcvellore","created_at":"2015-10-13T08:13:46.497-07:00","display_name":"Valsan Verghese","url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese"},"attachments":[{"id":108443355,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443355/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"fmab084.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443355/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_I.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443355/fmab084-libre.pdf?1701864750=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_I.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413062\u0026Signature=XuL~sY~qaBncdpUdMCWDmbkxmR~E7W~wCAvmZoiX4ryb9E3RnG0irS8S0V32~IK4~9nWpdf8P~tzE3vyPp5RsZLp7nwJJKd-MDg8HPcw2J-MHOi2L~2E0vcRKOuGebvLQGCqd-5sbyICTtgF3Qsy9I~fJTWe5iKqAyH-wLG5plRbfAOgfE7pPqmmUP0ggVjB8yPjZfSF7QNxRrmJh5sbl0-M-ahMbScLSLO3GtkDFyrHretMEsY~8Hir7GS1gNs34SpDE20dfTWwwwA~PUh3BOL5nlRMiIaCyC9HjrBNKtJwpFPh1Mf5Ns3MQGr7SJBxuPkPFZt9Z6Qju75KecuuDg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":108443356,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108443356/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"fmab084.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108443356/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_I.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108443356/fmab084-libre.pdf?1701864744=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Eight_Year_Profile_of_Children_with_I.pdf\u0026Expires=1740413062\u0026Signature=MsHfwn4-JCSUdVkqgq7gpqnFIMT6uX2tWrt80J1L4q3Q3uFyI34l9nRWZHiugiRscsYL4ifEFHnkNFJ7~LYm4KQjJZuN8dHYv-PNU5gJPH5YA9kyZFDg5Q3ffih2C1fVfDsrmK~n1FWtx3OWLgfBGXflTbRfJXAysZbs533BB9sKJI4tnREaKqzxcD2xrXUAovxVtjKykuK7CARNw~kdnIWnrIg7nV~Wlmu~Hb4k0CwtVP2alA6irV8T1oaD0zGfz7pLV3ty2F84pnVu0eCDiTYDGAILgmM4ESvKjca7t8ohOvX66dPne3kcW7a2DaiBYqaYizANXBC2~EyNz2uJMw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 1 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "a4b9a651941d2d68e14f9a44451a754e683ff7d60f60b23481710197894c3ee5", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="VJyW8r5TLSivJFJZTZVqMw-XKUE85xNDqiMqb2P-695WSqwskk_YcxoAvaezhKdFxutMeBLIpB-d9GdOPLWnYQ" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/ValsanVerghese" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="TRCoghFccjjhb0BT3Lvai2voVQQjykPPHz5xHwBmVgNPxpJcPUCHY1RLr60iqhf9opQwPQ3l9JMo6Tw-Xy0avA" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>