CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="it" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Strage di Birmingham - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )itwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","gennaio","febbraio","marzo","aprile","maggio","giugno","luglio","agosto","settembre","ottobre","novembre","dicembre"],"wgRequestId":"e8bb0c17-b6d6-4d65-99c5-69bf5f38b146","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Strage_di_Birmingham","wgTitle":"Strage di Birmingham","wgCurRevisionId":140329638,"wgRevisionId":140329638,"wgArticleId":9797592,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Errori del modulo citazione - citazioni con URL nudi","P625 letta da Wikidata","P1120 letta da Wikidata","P1339 letta da Wikidata","P1417 letta da Wikidata","Voci con codice LCCN","Voci con codice J9U","Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità","Pagine che utilizzano l'estensione Kartographer","Stragi commesse negli Stati Uniti d'America","Violenza razzista contro gli afroamericani", "Storia degli Stati Uniti d'America (1945-1964)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"it","wgPageContentLanguage":"it","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Strage_di_Birmingham","wgRelevantArticleId":9797592,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"it","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"it"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":33.516667,"lon":-86.815},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3875690","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.coloriDarkMode-default":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.link", "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.MainPageWikiList","ext.gadget.stru-commonsupload","ext.gadget.HiddenCat","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.TitoloErrato","ext.gadget.NewSection","ext.gadget.RichiediRevisioneBozza","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=it&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=it&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=it&modules=ext.gadget.coloriDarkMode-default&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=it&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Strage di Birmingham - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strage_di_Birmingham"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifica" href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (it)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//it.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strage_di_Birmingham"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Feed Atom di Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UltimeModifiche&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Strage_di_Birmingham rootpage-Strage_di_Birmingham skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vai al contenuto</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principale" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principale</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigazione </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Visita la pagina principale [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principale</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:UltimeModifiche" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche del sito [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ultime modifiche</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PaginaCasuale" title="Mostra una pagina a caso [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una voce a caso</span></a></li><li id="n-nearby-pages-title" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:NelleVicinanze"><span>Nelle vicinanze</span></a></li><li id="n-vetrina" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vetrina"><span>Vetrina</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Aiuto" title="Pagine di aiuto"><span>Aiuto</span></a></li><li id="n-Sportello-informazioni" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Sportello_informazioni"><span>Sportello informazioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunità" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunità" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunità </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portale:Comunit%C3%A0" title="Descrizione del progetto, cosa puoi fare, dove trovare le cose"><span>Portale Comunità</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bar"><span>Bar</span></a></li><li id="n-wikipediano" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipediano"><span>Il Wikipediano</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contatti"><span>Contatti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principale" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="L'enciclopedia libera" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-it.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:Ricerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca in Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ricerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca in Wikipedia" aria-label="Cerca in Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca in Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciale:Ricerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ricerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Strumenti personali"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Strage+di+Birmingham" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Strage+di+Birmingham" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti personali" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti personali</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utente" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it"><span>Fai una donazione</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Strage+di+Birmingham" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Strage+di+Birmingham" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vittime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vittime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vittime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vittime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influenza_culturale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influenza_culturale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Influenza culturale</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influenza_culturale-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Influenza culturale</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Influenza_culturale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Musica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Televisione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Televisione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Televisione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Televisione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Strage di Birmingham</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 9 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_16" title="تفجير الكنيسة المعمدانية في شارع 16 - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تفجير الكنيسة المعمدانية في شارع 16" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombov%C3%BD_%C3%BAtok_na_baptistick%C3%BD_kostel_v_Birminghamu_1963" title="Bombový útok na baptistický kostel v Birminghamu 1963 - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bombový útok na baptistický kostel v Birminghamu 1963" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing" title="16th Street Baptist Church bombing - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="16th Street Baptist Church bombing" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Churchin_pommi-isku" title="16th Street Baptist Churchin pommi-isku - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="16th Street Baptist Churchin pommi-isku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attentat_de_l%27%C3%A9glise_baptiste_de_la_16e_rue" title="Attentat de l'église baptiste de la 16e rue - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Attentat de l'église baptiste de la 16e rue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_16" title="הפיגוע בכנסייה הבפטיסטית ברחוב 16 - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפיגוע בכנסייה הבפטיסטית ברחוב 16" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamach_na_ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_baptyst%C3%B3w_przy_16th_Street_w_Birmingham_w_Alabamie" title="Zamach na kościół baptystów przy 16th Street w Birmingham w Alabamie - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zamach na kościół baptystów przy 16th Street w Birmingham w Alabamie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing" title="16th Street Baptist Church bombing - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="16th Street Baptist Church bombing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC16%E8%A1%97%E6%B5%B8%E4%BF%A1%E6%9C%83%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E6%A1%88" title="第16街浸信會教堂爆炸案 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第16街浸信會教堂爆炸案" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3875690#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Strage_di_Birmingham" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussione:Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina (la pagina non esiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Strage_di_Birmingham"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Strage_di_Birmingham"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Strage_di_Birmingham" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Strage_di_Birmingham" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&oldid=140329638" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Strage_di_Birmingham&id=140329638&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStrage_di_Birmingham"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStrage_di_Birmingham"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Strage+di+Birmingham"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3875690" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div style="font-size: small"><span class="noprint" id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Coordinate_geografiche" title="Coordinate geografiche">Coordinate</a>: <a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Speciale:Map/0/33.516667/-86.815/it" data-lat="33.516667" data-lon="-86.815" data-overlays="["_391b2a9771372874d2565a7fc227584a50db5a5b"]">33°31′00″N 86°48′54″W</a><span class="geo" style="display:none"><span class="latitude">33°31′00″N</span>, <span class="longitude">86°48′54″W</span></span></span></div></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:indianred;">Strage di Birmingham<br /><span class="sinottico_sottotitolo"><a href="/wiki/Attentato" title="Attentato">attentato</a></span></th></tr><tr><th>Data</th><td>15 settembre 1963 </td></tr><tr><th>Luogo</th><td><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_(Alabama)" title="Birmingham (Alabama)">Birmingham</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Stato</th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stati Uniti (bandiera)"><img alt="Stati Uniti (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti</a><br /> </td></tr><tr><th>Coordinate</th><td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139486644">body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output #coordinates{font-size:85%;line-height:1.5em;white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Speciale:Map/0/33.516667/-86.815/it" data-lat="33.516667" data-lon="-86.815" data-overlays="["_391b2a9771372874d2565a7fc227584a50db5a5b"]">33°31′00″N 86°48′54″W</a><span class="geo" style="display:none"><span class="latitude">33°31′00″N</span>, <span class="longitude">86°48′54″W</span></span> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:indianred;">Conseguenze</th></tr><tr><th>Morti</th><td>4 </td></tr><tr><th>Feriti</th><td>22 </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3875690" class="extiw" title="d:Q3875690"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Strage di Birmingham su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Incidente/man" title="Template:Incidente/man"><span title="Manuale del template Incidente">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La <b>strage di Birmingham</b>, in <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, fu causata da un <a href="/wiki/Attentato" title="Attentato">attentato</a> che causò la morte di quattro bambine il 15 settembre 1963<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> organizzato da un gruppo terrorista di <a href="/wiki/Suprematisti_bianchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Suprematisti bianchi">suprematisti bianchi</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hewitt05_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hewitt05-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britca_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britca-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Graham15_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham15-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formato da quattro membri del <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> che posizionarono una <a href="/wiki/Bomba_a_orologeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bomba a orologeria">bomba a orologeria</a> nelle vicinanze di una chiesa frequentata dalla comunità <a href="/wiki/Afroamericana" class="mw-redirect" title="Afroamericana">afroamericana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lo sdegno per l'attentato portò a un punto di svolta negli Stati Uniti nel periodo del <a href="/wiki/Movimento_per_i_diritti_civili_degli_afroamericani" title="Movimento per i diritti civili degli afroamericani">movimento per i diritti civili degli afroamericani</a> e contribuì a sostenere l'approvazione del <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_del_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Act del 1964">Civil Rights Act del 1964</a> da parte del <a href="/wiki/Congresso_degli_Stati_Uniti" title="Congresso degli Stati Uniti">Congresso degli Stati Uniti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola"> <p>«Il delitto più efferato della nostra storia» </p> </div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<small><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></small>)</p></div> <p>La notte del 14 settembre quattro membri del gruppo terrorista noto come <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> si recarono davanti a una chiesa e si introdussero nella <a href="/wiki/Cripta" title="Cripta">cripta</a> depositandovi una bomba a orologeria con dei <a href="/wiki/Dinamite" title="Dinamite">candelotti di dinamite</a> programmata per la mattina successiva alle 10.30, in maniera che esplodesse durante la funzione religiosa; all'orario programmato la bomba esplose causando la morte di quattro bambine (dagli 11 ai 14 anni) e 22 feriti. Questo fece scatenare lo scontro tra razzisti e integrazionisti e il governatore dell'Alabama, <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a>, per arginare le manifestazioni di protesta chiamò la <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_the_United_States" title="National Guard of the United States">guardia nazionale</a> schierandola all'ingresso delle scuole per neri. Nei pressi del paese si radunarono un migliaio di esponenti del <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> che diede fuoco ad alcune grandi croci.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebbene le indagini condotte dall'<a href="/wiki/FBI" title="FBI">FBI</a> conclusero nel 1965 che l'attentato era stato commesso da quattro membri del KKK (Thomas Edwin Blanton Jr., Herman Frank Cash, Robert Edward Chambliss e Bobby Frank Cherry),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> questi non furono perseguiti fino al 1977, quando Robert Chambliss fu processato e condannato per l'omicidio di primo grado di una delle vittime, l'undicenne Carol Denise McNair. Nell'ambito di uno sforzo di rilancio da parte dei singoli Stati e del governo federale per perseguire i casi irrisolti dell'era dei diritti civili, lo stato dell'Alabama processò poi sia Blanton Jr. che Cherry che vennero condannati all'ergastolo rispettivamente nel 2001 e 2002,<sup id="cite_ref-Times_Daily_May_23,_2002_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times_Daily_May_23,_2002-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentre Herman Cash era già morto nel 1994 senza essere mai stato accusato di nulla. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vittime">Vittime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Vittime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Vittime"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Addie Mae Collins (14 anni)</li> <li>Cynthia Wesley (14 anni)</li> <li>Carole Robertson (14 anni)</li> <li>Carol Denise McNair (11 anni)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influenza_culturale">Influenza culturale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Influenza culturale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Influenza culturale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Cinema" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Cinema"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/4_Little_Girls" title="4 Little Girls">4 Little Girls</a></i>: film documentario del 1997 diretto da <a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musica">Musica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Musica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Musica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_(John_Coltrane)" title="Alabama (John Coltrane)"><i>Alabama</i></a>: <a href="/wiki/Brano_musicale" class="mw-redirect" title="Brano musicale">brano musicale</a> di <a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Sunday&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birmingham Sunday (la pagina non esiste)">Birmingham Sunday</a></i> brano musicale di <a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Televisione">Televisione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Televisione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Televisione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Sins of the Father</i>: film del 2002 diretto da Robert Dornhelm</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">italiaoggi.it</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.italiaoggi.it/news/la-strage-di-birmingham-di-55-anni-fa-2297518">https://www.italiaoggi.it/news/la-strage-di-birmingham-di-55-anni-fa-2297518</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Carolyn McKinstry, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISvRTHkgLLQC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=Birmingham+1963+settembre&hl=it"><span style="font-style:italic;">While the World Watched: A Birmingham Bombing Survivor Comes of Age during the Civil Rights Movement</span></a>, Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1º febbraio 2011, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4143-5299-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4143-5299-2">978-1-4143-5299-2</a>. <small>URL consultato l'11 giugno 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hewitt05-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Hewitt05_3-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Christopher Hewitt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicalviolenc00chri"><span style="font-style:italic;">Political violence and terrorism in modern America : a chronology</span></a>, Westport, Conn., Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicalviolenc00chri/page/12">12</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9780313334184" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9780313334184">9780313334184</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britca-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Britca_4-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Chelsea Parrott-Sheffer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/16th-Street-Baptist-Church-bombing"><span style="font-style:italic;">16th Street Baptist Church bombing</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Britannica</span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. <small>URL consultato il 4 aprile 2019</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graham15-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Graham15_5-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> David Graham, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424174406/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/06/historical-background-charleston-shooting/396242/"><span style="font-style:italic;">How Much Has Changed Since the Birmingham Church Bombing?</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></span>, The Atlantic Monthly Group, 18 giugno 2015. <small>URL consultato il 6 giugno 2019</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/06/historical-background-charleston-shooting/396242/">url originale</abbr> il 24 aprile 2016)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813104615/http://ajccenter.wfu.edu/2013/09/15/tih-1963-16th-street-baptist-church/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Today in 1963: The Bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ajccenter.wfu.edu</span>, 15 settembre 2013. <small>URL consultato il 17 giugno 2017</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://ajccenter.wfu.edu/2013/09/15/tih-1963-16th-street-baptist-church/">url originale</abbr> il 13 agosto 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-7"><a href="#cite_ref-:02_7-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/16thstreetbaptist.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">16th Street Baptist Church Bombing (1963) (U.S. National Park Service)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nps.gov</span>. <small>URL consultato il 29 settembre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> Jerry White, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2000/05/birm-m20.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Former Klansmen indicted for murder in 1963 bombing of Birmingham, Alabama church</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Socialist_Web_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Socialist Web Site (la pagina non esiste)">World Socialist Web Site</a></span>, 20 maggio 2000. <small>URL consultato il 27 maggio 2019</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times_Daily_May_23,_2002-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Times_Daily_May_23,_2002_9-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> Jay Reeves, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1FMeAAAAIBAJ&pg=2036,3416162"><span style="font-style:italic;">Case closed; Cherry guilty</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TimesDaily&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TimesDaily (la pagina non esiste)">TimesDaily</a></span>, Associated Press, 23 maggio 2002. <small>URL consultato il 27 maggio 2019</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campagna_di_Birmingham" title="Campagna di Birmingham">Campagna di Birmingham</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:16th Street Baptist Church bombing"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing?uselang=it">Strage di Birmingham</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Chelsey Parrott-Sheffer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/16th-Street-Baptist-Church-bombing"><span style="font-style:italic;">16th Street Baptist Church bombing</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3875690#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Movimento_per_i_diritti_civili_degli_afroamericani"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Movimento_per_i_diritti_civili_degli_afroamericani" title="Template:Movimento per i diritti civili degli afroamericani"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Movimento_per_i_diritti_civili_degli_afroamericani" title="Discussioni template:Movimento per i diritti civili degli afroamericani"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Movimento_per_i_diritti_civili_degli_afroamericani&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Movimento_per_i_diritti_civili_degli_afroamericani" title="Movimento per i diritti civili degli afroamericani">Movimento per i diritti civili degli afroamericani</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em">Eventi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Parade" title="Silent Parade">Silent Parade</a></i> <small>(1917)</small><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Brown_contro_Board_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown contro Board of Education">Brown contro Board of Education</a></i> <small>(1954)</small> (<i><a href="/wiki/Briggs_contro_Elliott" title="Briggs contro Elliott">Briggs contro Elliott</a></i> <small>(1952)</small>)<b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Keys_contro_Carolina_Coach" title="Keys contro Carolina Coach">Keys contro Carolina Coach</a></i> <small>(1955)</small><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a> <small>(1955)</small><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Boicottaggio_dei_bus_a_Montgomery" title="Boicottaggio dei bus a Montgomery">Boicottaggio dei bus a Montgomery</a> <small>(1955)</small> (<i><a href="/wiki/Browder_contro_Gayle" title="Browder contro Gayle">Browder contro Gayle</a></i> <small>(1956)</small>, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Improvement_Association" title="Montgomery Improvement Association">Montgomery Improvement Association</a> <small>(1955)</small>)<b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Kissing_Case" title="Kissing Case">Kissing Case</a></i> <small>(1958)</small><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Boynton_contro_lo_stato_della_Virginia" title="Boynton contro lo stato della Virginia">Boynton contro lo stato della Virginia</a></i> <small>(1960)</small><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Gomillion_contro_Lightfoot" title="Gomillion contro Lightfoot">Gomillion contro Lightfoot</a></i> <small>(1960)</small><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sommossa_all%27Universit%C3%A0_del_Mississippi_del_1962" title="Sommossa all'Università del Mississippi del 1962">Sommossa all'Università del Mississippi del 1962</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strage di Birmingham</a> <small>(1963)</small><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Campagna_di_Birmingham" title="Campagna di Birmingham">Campagna di Birmingham</a> <small>(1963)</small> (chiamata all'epoca anche <a href="/wiki/Bombingham" title="Bombingham">Bombingham</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lettera_dalla_prigione_di_Birmingham" title="Lettera dalla prigione di Birmingham">Lettera dalla prigione di Birmingham</a> <small>(1963)</small><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stand_in_the_Schoolhouse_Door" title="Stand in the Schoolhouse Door">Stand in the Schoolhouse Door</a> <small>(1963)</small><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marcia_su_Washington_per_il_lavoro_e_la_libert%C3%A0" title="Marcia su Washington per il lavoro e la libertà">Marcia su Washington per il lavoro e la libertà</a> <small>(1963)</small><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/I_have_a_dream" title="I have a dream">I have a dream</a></i> <small>(1963)</small><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assassinio_degli_attivisti_per_i_diritti_civili_del_Mississippi" title="Assassinio degli attivisti per i diritti civili del Mississippi">Assassinio degli attivisti per i diritti civili del Mississippi</a> <small>(1964)</small><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marce_da_Selma_a_Montgomery" title="Marce da Selma a Montgomery">Marce da Selma a Montgomery</a> <small>(1965)</small> (<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pettus_Bridge" title="Edmund Pettus Bridge">Edmund Pettus Bridge</a> e <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act" title="Voting Rights Act">Voting <i>Rights Act</i></a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assassinio_di_Martin_Luther_King" title="Assassinio di Martin Luther King">Assassinio di Martin Luther King</a> <small>(1968)</small><b> ·</b> <i>Civil Rights Act</i> (<a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_(1957)" title="Civil Rights Act (1957)">1957</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_(1960)" title="Civil Rights Act (1960)">1960</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_(1964)" title="Civil Rights Act (1964)">1964</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act" title="Voting Rights Act">1965</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_(1968)" title="Civil Rights Act (1968)">1968</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em">Articoli<br />relativi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Leggi_Jim_Crow" title="Leggi Jim Crow">Leggi Jim Crow</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Plessy_contro_Ferguson" title="Plessy contro Ferguson">Plessy contro Ferguson</a></i> ("<a href="/wiki/Separati_ma_uguali" title="Separati ma uguali">Separati ma uguali</a>")<b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Buchanan_contro_Warley" title="Buchanan contro Warley">Buchanan contro Warley</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Sweatt_contro_Painter" title="Sweatt contro Painter">Sweatt contro Painter</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Loving_contro_Virginia" title="Loving contro Virginia">Loving contro Virginia</a></i><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Movimento_della_marcia_su_Washington" title="Movimento della marcia su Washington">Movimento della marcia su Washington</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Journey_of_Reconciliation" title="Journey of Reconciliation">Journey of Reconciliation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Songs" title="Freedom Songs">Freedom Songs</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Oh,_Freedom" title="Oh, Freedom">Oh, Freedom</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/This_Little_Light_of_Mine" title="This Little Light of Mine">This Little Light of Mine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome" title="We Shall Overcome">We Shall Overcome</a></i>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fatti_di_Watts" title="Fatti di Watts">Fatti di Watts</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Voter_Education_Project" title="Voter Education Project">Voter Education Project</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em">Gruppi di <br />attivisti</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Student_Movement" title="Atlanta Student Movement">Atlanta Student Movement</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Racial_Equality" title="Congress of Racial Equality">Congress of Racial Equality</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine" title="Little Rock Nine">Little Rock Nine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minnijean_Brown" title="Minnijean Brown">Minnijean Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Eckford" title="Elizabeth Eckford">Elizabeth Eckford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thelma_Mothershed-Wair" title="Thelma Mothershed-Wair">Thelma Mothershed-Wair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Ray_Karlmark" title="Gloria Ray Karlmark">Gloria Ray Karlmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terrence_Roberts" title="Terrence Roberts">Terrence Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Green" title="Ernest Green">Ernest Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melba_Pattillo_Beals" title="Melba Pattillo Beals">Melba Pattillo Beals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Thomas" title="Jefferson Thomas">Jefferson Thomas</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wednesdays_in_Mississippi" title="Wednesdays in Mississippi">Wednesdays in Mississippi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Political_Council" title="Women's Political Council">Women's Political Council</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em">Attivisti</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abernathy" title="Ralph Abernathy">Ralph Abernathy</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Gray_Adams" title="Victoria Gray Adams">Victoria Gray Adams</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zev_Aelony" title="Zev Aelony">Zev Aelony</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(attivista)" title="Daisy Bates (attivista)">Daisy Bates</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aurelia_Browder" title="Aurelia Browder">Aurelia Browder</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stokely_Carmichael" title="Stokely Carmichael">Stokely Carmichael</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Clark" title="Ramsey Clark">Ramsey Clark</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Cleaver" title="Eldridge Cleaver">Eldridge Cleaver</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colvin" title="Claudette Colvin">Claudette Colvin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fred_Gray_(avvocato)" title="Fred Gray (avvocato)">Fred Gray</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Henry" title="Barbara Henry">Barbara Henry</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/James_Hood" title="James Hood">James Hood</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Lee_Jackson" title="Jimmie Lee Jackson">Jimmie Lee Jackson</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Joan_Trumpauer_Mulholland" title="Joan Trumpauer Mulholland">Joan Trumpauer Mulholland</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Daniel_Williams_King" title="Alfred Daniel Williams King">Alfred Daniel Williams King</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_(politico)" title="John Lewis (politico)">John Lewis</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Viola_Liuzzo" title="Viola Liuzzo">Viola Liuzzo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Malone_Jones" title="Vivian Malone Jones">Vivian Malone Jones</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/James_Howard_Meredith" title="James Howard Meredith">James Howard Meredith</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Amzie_Moore" title="Amzie Moore">Amzie Moore</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/William_Lewis_Moore" title="William Lewis Moore">William Lewis Moore</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Irene_Morgan" title="Irene Morgan">Irene Morgan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Nixon" title="Edgar Nixon">Edgar Nixon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jo_Ann_Robinson" title="Jo Ann Robinson">Jo Ann Robinson</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Bayard Rustin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Louise_Smith_(attivista)" title="Mary Louise Smith (attivista)">Mary Louise Smith</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/George_Jackson" title="George Jackson">George Jackson</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em">Altro</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Branch" title="Taylor Branch">Taylor Branch</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Potere_nero" title="Potere nero">Potere nero</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders" title="Freedom Riders">Freedom Riders</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Big_Six" title="Big Six">Big Six</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="navbox_abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/Segregazione_razziale_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Segregazione razziale negli Stati Uniti d'America">Segregazione razziale negli Stati Uniti d'America</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cronologia_della_segregazione_razziale_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Cronologia della segregazione razziale negli Stati Uniti d'America">Cronologia</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Storia_del_movimento_per_i_diritti_civili_degli_afroamericani_(1865-1896)" title="Storia del movimento per i diritti civili degli afroamericani (1865-1896)">Storia 1865-1896</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Storia_del_movimento_per_i_diritti_civili_degli_afroamericani_(1896-1954)" title="Storia del movimento per i diritti civili degli afroamericani (1896-1954)">Storia 1896-1954</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2010002573">sh2010002573</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007586086505171">987007586086505171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Flag_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stati Uniti d'America"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/USA_Flag_Map.svg/25px-USA_Flag_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/USA_Flag_Map.svg/38px-USA_Flag_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/USA_Flag_Map.svg/50px-USA_Flag_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="632" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Portale:Stati Uniti d'America">Portale Stati Uniti d'America</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Storia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg/25px-Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg/38px-Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg/50px-Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="254" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Storia" title="Portale:Storia">Portale Storia</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&oldid=140329638">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&oldid=140329638</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Stragi_commesse_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Categoria:Stragi commesse negli Stati Uniti d'America">Stragi commesse negli Stati Uniti d'America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Violenza_razzista_contro_gli_afroamericani" title="Categoria:Violenza razzista contro gli afroamericani">Violenza razzista contro gli afroamericani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Storia_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America_(1945-1964)" title="Categoria:Storia degli Stati Uniti d'America (1945-1964)">Storia degli Stati Uniti d'America (1945-1964)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Errori_del_modulo_citazione_-_citazioni_con_URL_nudi" title="Categoria:Errori del modulo citazione - citazioni con URL nudi">Errori del modulo citazione - citazioni con URL nudi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P625_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P625 letta da Wikidata">P625 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1120_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1120 letta da Wikidata">P1120 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1339_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1339 letta da Wikidata">P1339 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta da Wikidata">P1417 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_non_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pagine_che_utilizzano_l%27estensione_Kartographer" title="Categoria:Pagine che utilizzano l'estensione Kartographer">Pagine che utilizzano l'estensione Kartographer</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 23 lug 2024 alle 03:52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; possono applicarsi condizioni ulteriori. Vedi le <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/it">condizioni d'uso</a> per i dettagli.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/it">Informativa sulla privacy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sala_stampa/Wikipedia">Informazioni su Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avvertenze_generali">Avvertenze</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Codice di condotta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Sviluppatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/it.wikipedia.org">Statistiche</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Dichiarazione sui cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//it.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strage_di_Birmingham&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versione mobile</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-gdnx8","wgBackendResponseTime":161,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.423","walltime":"0.626","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4588,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":44751,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":746,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":14102,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":5,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 564.860 1 -total"," 42.31% 238.997 1 Template:Incidente"," 22.51% 127.150 1 Template:Collegamenti_esterni"," 21.61% 122.047 4 Template:Controllo_Wikidata"," 19.96% 112.727 1 Template:Infobox"," 8.29% 46.826 1 Template:Movimento_per_i_diritti_civili_degli_afroamericani"," 8.23% 46.512 1 Template:Portale"," 7.46% 42.164 1 Template:Navbox"," 6.71% 37.909 2 Template:Immagine_sinottico"," 5.09% 28.770 4 Template:Cita_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.291","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6303782,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-nttnx","timestamp":"20241127173017","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Strage di Birmingham","url":"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strage_di_Birmingham","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3875690","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3875690","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributori ai progetti Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2023-06-11T08:44:10Z","dateModified":"2024-07-23T02:52:05Z","headline":"attentato terroristico del Ku Klux Klan del 1963"}</script> </body> </html>