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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-聲調" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#聲調"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>聲調</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-聲調-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-近體詩中的平仄" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#近體詩中的平仄"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>近體詩中的平仄</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-近體詩中的平仄-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关近體詩中的平仄子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-近體詩中的平仄-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关參考資料子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-書籍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#書籍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>書籍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-書籍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">平仄</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。4种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_pattern" title="Tone pattern – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tone pattern" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" title="平仄 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="平仄" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopa_tonalna" title="Stopa tonalna – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stopa tonalna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" title="平仄 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="平仄" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q834820#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&oldid=85791141" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&id=85791141&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25B9%25B3%25E4%25BB%2584"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25B9%25B3%25E4%25BB%2584"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q834820" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2018年12月16日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84%22">"平仄"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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.sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:250px;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语音韵学">汉语音韵学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="音節">音節</a>結構</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><table style="margin: auto; text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="声母">声母</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="韻頭">韻頭</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="介音">介音</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E8%85%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="韻腹">韻腹</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E5%B0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="韻尾">韻尾</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">聲調</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f9f;"> </td> <td style="background: #f6f;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D" title="攝">韻攝</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td style="background: #99f;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #66f;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%BB%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韻部（页面不存在）">韻部</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background: #6ff;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D" title="韵母">韵母</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td style="background: #9f9;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background: #6f6;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%BB%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韻目（页面不存在）">韻目</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="韻">韻</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ff6;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%BB%E9%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韻類（页面不存在）">韻類</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background: #f66; color: #fff;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%9F%BB" title="小韻">小韻</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><span class="nowrap">聲母：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB)" title="五音 (音韻)">五音</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清濁</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="三十六字母">三十六字母</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap">介音：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="等呼">等呼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%91%BC" title="四呼">四呼</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap">韻腹：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%A4%96%E8%BD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="內外轉">內外轉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E6%94%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="十六攝">十六攝</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap">韻尾：<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="陰聲韻">陰聲韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="阳声韵">陽聲韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="入聲韻">入聲韻</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap">聲調：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2" title="四聲">四聲</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">平仄</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E4%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="舒促">舒促</a></span></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="上古漢語">上古漢語</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="古音學">古音學</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="先秦音系">先秦音系</a>－</div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="詩經">詩經</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E9%9F%B3" title="叶音">叶音</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%A7%E8%81%B2" title="諧聲">諧聲</a></span></p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="漢代音系">漢代音系</a>－</div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%BC%95%E8%84%A3%E9%9F%B3" title="古無輕脣音">古無輕脣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%88%8C%E4%B8%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="古無舌上音">古無舌上音</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E6%AD%A3%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="古無正齒音">古無正齒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E7%84%A1%E9%82%AA%E7%B4%90" title="古音無邪紐">古無邪紐</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E6%97%A5%E6%AD%B8%E6%B3%A5" title="娘日歸泥">娘日歸泥</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E5%8C%A3" title="喻三歸匣">喻三歸匣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E5%9B%9B%E6%AD%B8%E5%AE%9A" title="喻四歸定">喻四歸定</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%BA%8C%E6%AD%B8%E7%B2%BE" title="照二歸精">照二歸精</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" title="照三歸知">照三歸知</a></span></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">日本漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3)" title="古音 (日本漢字音)">古音</a></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3" title="中古音">今音學</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－早期：<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="魏晉音系">六朝音系</a>－</div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">日本漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E9%9F%B3" title="吳音">吳音</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="漢越音">越南漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E" title="古漢越語">古漢越音</a></p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－中期：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="隋唐音系">隋唐音系</a>－</div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E8%81%94%E6%B3%95" title="系联法">系聯法</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%B4%90" title="重紐">重紐</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%9B%B8" title="韻書">韻書</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%BB" title="切韻">切韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E9%9F%BB" title="廣韻">廣韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%9F%BB" title="平水韻">平水韻</a></span></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">日本漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="漢音">漢音</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3" title="朝鮮漢字音">朝鮮漢字音</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="漢越音">越南漢字音</a></p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－晚期：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="五代音系">五代音系</a>－</div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%9B%BE" title="韵图">韵图</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E9%8F%A1" title="韻鏡">韻鏡</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E9%9F%B3%E7%95%A5" title="七音略">七音略</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E6%8C%87%E6%8E%8C%E5%9B%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切韵指掌图（页面不存在）">切韵指掌图</a></span></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近代漢語">近代漢語</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="早期官话">早期官話</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D#语音" class="mw-redirect" title="早期官话">北音學</a>－</div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="宋代音系">宋代音系</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E6%9E%81%E7%BB%8F%E4%B8%96%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B3%E5%94%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BE" title="皇极经世声音唱和图">皇极經世聲音唱和圖</a></p> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="元代音系">元代音系</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%BB" title="蒙古字韻">蒙古字韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="中原音韻">中原音韻</a></span></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="明清音系">明清音系</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E7%95%A7%E6%98%93%E9%80%9A" title="韻畧易通">韻畧易通</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">日本漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3" title="唐音">唐音</a></p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－其它近代音系－</div> <p>近代<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤語</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%9F%BB%E6%92%AE%E8%A6%81" title="分韻撮要">分韻撮要</a> </p><p>近代<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩語">閩語</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%99%E9%9F%B3%E5%A6%99%E6%82%9F" title="彙音妙悟">彙音妙悟</a></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;">記音法</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="直音">直音</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="反切">反切</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%9B%B8" title="韻書">韻書</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%9B%BE" title="韵图">韵图</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音符號</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語拼音">漢語拼音</a></span></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="Portal:漢字文化圈">Portal:漢字文化圈</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:音韻學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:音韻學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:音韻學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>平仄</b>，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E9%9F%BB%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="文言韻文">文言韻文</a>中用字的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">聲調</a>。平指平直，仄指曲折。根據<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋朝</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>時期修訂的韻書，如《切韻》、《廣韻》等，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a>分<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2" title="四聲">四種聲調</a>，稱為平、上、去、入。除了平聲，其餘三種聲調有高低變化，故統稱為仄聲。詩詞中平仄的運用有一定格式，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%BE%8B" title="格律">格律</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近代漢語">中原漢語語音</a>大變，根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%85" title="周德清">周德清</a>所著《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5" title="中原音韵">中原音韵</a>》，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%81%B2" title="入聲">入聲</a>消失，平聲分為陽平、陰平。現代<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="标准官话">标准官話</a>沒有入聲，第一、第二聲稱為陰平、陽平，是由中古漢語的平聲演變而來。第三上聲、第四聲去聲則為仄聲。但陽平聲本身的音調並非平直，是從中音滑向高音的聲調，而古時的入聲字已經變為平聲、上聲或去聲。現存漢語中，南方<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>分支如<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="吳語">吳語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B7%AE%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="江淮官話">江淮官話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩語">閩語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="客語">客語</a>以及北方的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="晉語">晉語</a>則保留了入聲，絕句一可押韻也可不押韻，三句不可押韻，二、四句要押韻。就四聲與平仄的關係來說，通常以「上」、「去」、「入」為仄聲，「陰平」、「陽平」為平聲。 </p><p>「平」分「陰平」和「陽平」，「陰平」是現在官話的第一聲，「陽平」是第二聲；「仄」分「上」、「去」和「入」：「上」的讀音是ㄕㄤˇ，是現在的第三聲。也有少數是第四聲，例如「是」、「跪」、「去」等，就是現在官話中的第四聲；「入」最特別，是急促的，像英語中，-k、-t、-p音後接母音的音節（例如 let, back, keep 等），但不念出後面的音。它已在現在的官話中消失，第一聲至第四聲都有可能，但在不少漢語方言中仍有保留，如粵語、閩語、客家語等。入聲字的例子有：的、不、竹、菊、白、石、一、屋、玉、月、燭、德、福等。輕聲方面，因為古人沒有這個聲調，所以它不算在內。 </p><p>由於要完全平仄協調，可能會因爲用詞而曲解了原作者的含意（以詞害意），因此有依照律詩「一三五不論，二四六分明」的變通方法。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="聲調"><span id=".E8.81.B2.E8.AA.BF"></span>聲調</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：聲調"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>平聲：音調平直</li> <li>仄聲：分三種 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="上声">上聲</a>－高昂</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E8%81%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="去聲">去聲</a>－哀沉</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%81%B2" title="入聲">入聲</a>－短促</li></ul></li></ul> <p>因此平仄又常被分為四聲：分別是平、上、去、入四種聲調。中國古籍中有不少說明。其中日本遣唐僧人<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B5%B7" title="空海">空海</a>《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%8F%A1%E7%A7%98%E5%BA%9C%E8%AB%96#文筆十病得失" class="extiw" title="s:文鏡秘府論">s:文鏡秘府論#文筆十病得失</a>》有言：「平聲哀而安，上聲厲而舉，去聲清而遠，入聲直而促。」<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>僧人<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8B%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA" title="釋真空">釋真空</a>在《玉鑰匙歌訣》提到：「平聲平道莫低昂，上聲高呼猛烈強，去聲分明哀遠道，入聲短促急收藏。」而<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>文學家<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%A7%E7%82%8E%E6%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="顧炎武">顧炎武</a>在《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="音論（页面不存在）">音論</a>》一書中簡短的說明為：「平聲輕遲，上、去、入之聲重疾。」<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>現代不少漢語語系的上聲從低音滑至高音，去聲從高音滑至低音，但古時具體调值，現已難於確考。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="近體詩中的平仄"><span id=".E8.BF.91.E9.AB.94.E8.A9.A9.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E5.B9.B3.E4.BB.84"></span>近體詩中的平仄</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：近體詩中的平仄"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%AB%94%E8%A9%A9#平仄" class="mw-redirect" title="近體詩">近體詩 § 平仄</a></div> <p>平仄的組合在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%AB%94%E8%A9%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="近體詩">近體詩</a>中有固定的格式，稱為格律。例如詩中的第一句為「仄仄平平仄」，如此第二句就應該是「平平仄仄平」。 </p><p>例：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%94%AB" title="杜甫">杜甫</a>《春望》 </p><p><span style="font-size:200%;"><ruby><rb>國</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>仄</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> <ruby><rb>破</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>仄</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> <ruby><rb>山</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>平</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> <ruby><rb>河</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>平</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> <ruby><rb>在</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>仄</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><br /> <ruby><rb>城</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>平</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> <ruby><rb>春</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>平</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> <ruby><rb>草</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>仄</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> <ruby><rb>木</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>仄</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> <ruby><rb>深</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>平</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span> </p><p>由於現代<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="标准官话">标准官話</a>裡沒有<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%81%B2" title="入聲">入聲</a>，因此用現代标准官話唸詩，可能會出現「平仄不調」的情況。在以上例子中，雖然「國」字屬於入聲，但在現代标准官話裡卻是陽平聲（第二聲）。若以普通話唸出上述兩句，则为「<b>平</b>仄平平仄，平平仄仄平」。 </p><p>对比各種漢語，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="客語">客語</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩語">閩語</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語分支">漢語分支</a>仍保留<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a>裡平上去入的对立。有些在四声的基础上，根据声母的清浊进一步分化出阴阳二调（甚至更多）。例如，粵語九聲中有陰平、陰上、陰去、陽平、陽上、陽去、高陰入、低陰入及陽入聲九聲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E7%89%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="詞牌">詞牌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%AB%94%E8%A9%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="近體詩">近體詩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2" title="四聲">四聲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="唐代音系">唐代音系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="五代音系">五代音系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="宋代音系">宋代音系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="元代音系">元代音系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="粵語聲調">粵語聲調</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="書籍"><span id=".E6.9B.B8.E7.B1.8D"></span>書籍</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：書籍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">王, 力. 詩詞格律. 北京: 中華書局. 1977. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787101022643" title="Special:网络书源/9787101022643"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787101022643</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&rft.aufirst=%E5%8A%9B&rft.aulast=%E7%8E%8B&rft.btitle=%E8%A9%A9%E8%A9%9E%E6%A0%BC%E5%BE%8B&rft.date=1977&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787101022643&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%B1%80&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">王力. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/about/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%97%E5%BE%8B%E5%AD%A6.html?id=psQPAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y">汉语诗律学</a>. 上海教育出版社. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-12-16</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787532083251" title="Special:网络书源/9787532083251"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787532083251</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220103055522/https://books.google.com.sg/books/about/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%97%E5%BE%8B%E5%AD%A6.html?id=psQPAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y">存档</a>于2022-01-03） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%97%E5%BE%8B%E5%AD%A6&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787532083251&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.sg%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2F%25E6%25B1%2589%25E8%25AF%25AD%25E8%25AF%2597%25E5%25BE%258B%25E5%25AD%25A6.html%3Fid%3DpsQPAAAAYAAJ%26redir_esc%3Dy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文獻"><span id=".E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>文獻</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">竺, 家寧. 中古的聲調. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=aKunA3mNaHUC&pg=PA354&lpg=PA354&dq=%E7%8E%89%E9%91%B0%E5%8C%99%E6%AD%8C%E8%A8%A3&source=bl&ots=aUCTNozLS3&sig=UZoCo-76UbZ_T0xfrk3sYh7U1ZY&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOxvSskKTfAhUOTI8KHfoEAj4Q6AEwBnoECCoQAQ#v=onepage&q=%E7%8E%89%E9%91%B0%E5%8C%99%E6%AD%8C%E8%A8%A3&f=false">聲韻學</a>. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. 1992: 353–355 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-12-16</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789571105109" title="Special:网络书源/9789571105109"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789571105109</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216163515/https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=aKunA3mNaHUC&pg=PA354&lpg=PA354&dq=%E7%8E%89%E9%91%B0%E5%8C%99%E6%AD%8C%E8%A8%A3&source=bl&ots=aUCTNozLS3&sig=UZoCo-76UbZ_T0xfrk3sYh7U1ZY&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOxvSskKTfAhUOTI8KHfoEAj4Q6AEwBnoECCoQAQ#v=onepage&q=%E7%8E%89%E9%91%B0%E5%8C%99%E6%AD%8C%E8%A8%A3&f=false">存档</a>于2018-12-16） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（臺灣）网页">（中文（臺灣））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF&rft.aufirst=%E5%AE%B6%E5%AF%A7&rft.aulast=%E7%AB%BA&rft.btitle=%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9789571105109&rft.pages=353-355&rft.pub=%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.sg%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaKunA3mNaHUC%26pg%3DPA354%26lpg%3DPA354%26dq%3D%25E7%258E%2589%25E9%2591%25B0%25E5%258C%2599%25E6%25AD%258C%25E8%25A8%25A3%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DaUCTNozLS3%26sig%3DUZoCo-76UbZ_T0xfrk3sYh7U1ZY%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwiOxvSskKTfAhUOTI8KHfoEAj4Q6AEwBnoECCoQAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%25E7%258E%2589%25E9%2591%25B0%25E5%258C%2599%25E6%25AD%258C%25E8%25A8%25A3%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">張群顯. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/clrc/yue/25_cheung_kwan_hin.pdf">從中古四聲到現代粵語六調</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 香港理工大學. 2016 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223014027/http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/clrc/yue/25_cheung_kwan_hin.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2018-12-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84&rft.atitle=%E5%BE%9E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2%E5%88%B0%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%AD%E8%AA%BF&rft.au=%E5%BC%B5%E7%BE%A4%E9%A1%AF&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuhk.edu.hk%2Fics%2Fclrc%2Fyue%2F25_cheung_kwan_hin.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="汉语拼音音节列表">汉语拼音音节列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%8C%96#汉语兒化韻表" title="兒化">汉语儿化韵表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="古代汉语">古代汉语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="上古音">上古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="先秦音系">先秦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="漢代音系">漢代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%9B%E5%A3%B0" title="古四声">古四声</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%BC%95%E8%84%A3%E9%9F%B3" title="古無輕脣音">古無輕唇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%88%8C%E4%B8%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="古無舌上音">古無舌上</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E6%AD%A3%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="古無正齒音">古無正齒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E7%84%A1%E9%82%AA%E7%B4%90" title="古音無邪紐">古無邪紐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E6%97%A5%E6%AD%B8%E6%B3%A5" title="娘日歸泥">娘日歸泥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E5%8C%A3" title="喻三歸匣">喻三歸匣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E5%9B%9B%E6%AD%B8%E5%AE%9A" title="喻四歸定">喻四歸定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%BA%8C%E6%AD%B8%E7%B2%BE" title="照二歸精">照二歸精</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" title="照三歸知">照三歸知</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E9%9F%B3" title="叶音">叶音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%B0%BE%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA" title="上古漢語濁輔音韻尾假說">濁輔音韻尾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3" title="中古音">中古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="魏晉音系">魏晉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="隋唐音系">隋唐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="五代音系">五代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%B4%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="宋代汴洛语音">宋代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%81%B2%E6%AF%8D" title="中古聲母">中古聲母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="三十六字母">三十六字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E9%9F%B3" title="切韵音">切韵音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="等韻學">等韻學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%9B%B8" title="韻書">韻書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="韻圖">韻圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E6%B3%95" title="门法">门法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%9F%BB" title="小韻">小韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E8%81%94%E6%B3%95" title="系联法">系联法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D" title="攝">攝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%9F%BB" title="平水韻">平水韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E5%85%83" title="十三元">十三元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%B4%90" title="重紐">重紐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E6%96%87" title="異文">異文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="对音">对音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E9%9F%B3" title="洛阳音">洛阳音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%B1%89%E5%AF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="梵汉对音">梵汉对音</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="近代汉语">近古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="元代音系">元代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%88%9D%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="明初官话音系">明初</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="明清官話音系">明清</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">現代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%9B%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="尖团音">尖团音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%BF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="平翹音">平翹音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%8C%96" title="兒化">兒化音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%98%E9%9F%B5" title="子变韵">子变韵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%88%86%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="平分阴阳">平分阴阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" title="濁上變去">濁上變去</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%81%E7%B3%BB%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="见系声母二等开口字的演变">见开二的演变</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="汉语族">汉语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">祖語</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="原始漢藏語">原始漢藏語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="原始汉语">原始汉语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">現代分支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="現代標準漢語音系">標準音系</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="晋语">晋语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吴语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AF%AD" title="湘语">湘语</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="標準粵語">標準音系</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽语">闽语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="贛語">贛語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="贛語方言">方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5" title="贛語的音韻特徵">音韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5%E8%A9%9E" title="贛語特徵詞">詞彙</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語中的古百越語詞列表（页面不存在）">古百越詞</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語中的古吳語詞列表（页面不存在）">古吳語詞</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E6%A5%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語中的古楚語詞列表（页面不存在）">古楚語詞</a>）</li> <li>歷史（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上古贛語（页面不存在）">上古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="中古贛語">中古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="中世贛語">中世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="近世贛語">近世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="近代贛語">近代</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E3%80%81%E8%B4%9B%E3%80%81%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E6%BA%90%E6%96%BC%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%80%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%AA" title="客、贛、通泰方言源於南朝通語說">南朝通语说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="贛客語支">客贛方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%B4%9B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="粵贛方言">粵贛方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E9%96%A9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="吳閩方言">吳閩方言</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">學者</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%95" title="钱大昕">钱大昕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89" title="高本汉">高本汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E5%85%83%E4%BB%BB" title="赵元任">赵元任</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%B8%E5%9F%B9" title="罗常培">罗常培</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王力 (语言学家)">王力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%82" title="李方桂">李方桂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E5%90%8C%E9%BE%A2" title="董同龢">董同龢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%BC%A0%E5%B0%9A%E8%8A%B3" title="郑张尚芳">郑张尚芳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%82%A6%E6%96%B0" title="丁邦新">丁邦新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E6%82%9F%E4%BA%91" title="潘悟云">潘悟云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%84" title="陳新雄">陳新雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%BA%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%81" title="竺家宁">竺家宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E9%87%91" title="谢尔盖·阿纳托利耶维奇·斯塔罗斯金">斯塔罗斯京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" title="白一平">白一平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="沙加尔">沙加尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E7%AB%8B%E6%9C%AC" title="蒲立本">蒲立本</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="从中古汉语到官话的语音演变">从中古汉语到官话的语音演变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="从中古汉语到吴语的语音演变">从中古汉语到吴语的语音演变</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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