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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>You can view and copy the source of this page. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">=={{int:filedesc}}== {{Information |description={{id|1=Kronologi Al-Quran Versi Theodor Noldeke Oleh : Randi Purnama Al-quran merupakan kalamullah yang diturunkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW berupa mukjizat yang tiada tandingannya, diturunkan melalui perantara malaikat jibril diawali dengan surat Al Fatihah dan diakhiri dengan surat An Nas, disampaikan secara mutawattir dalam berbentuk mushaf dan membacanya bernilai ibadah disisi allah, dimana setiap huruf Al-Quran yang dibaca akan balasi oleh Allah dengan 10 kebaikan , maka beruntunglah orang-orang yang menyempatkan dirinya untuk membaca al-quran dan mendalami Al-quran. Adapun mushaf yang kita pegang saat ini, dalam penyusunannya tak bisa dijauhkan dari catatan sejarah. Awal mulanya Al-quran belum seperti sekarang ini yang mana tersusun secara sempurna dan juga belum memiliki urutan yang teratur tetapi masih dalam bentuk lembaran-lembaran ( shuhuf ). Al-quran sebagaimana kita ketahui diturunkan secara berangsur-angsur selama 23 tahun, sejak mulai diutusnya Nabi Muhammad SAW menjadi rasul dan kronologi turun ayatnya pun tidak sama dengan urutan ayat yang tersusun di mushaf saat ini. Seperti yang kita ketahui bahwa ayat yang pertama turun dari Al-quran adalah ayat 1-5 Surah Al- Alaq tetapi dia bukanlah surah pertama dalam susunan Al-quran saat ini melainkan surah ke 96 dalam Al-quran . Umat islam menyakini bahwa susunan ayat al-quran yang ada saat ini merupakan ketentuan dari allah. Hal ini dikuatkan dengan adanya riwayat-riwayat dari sahabat yang menyebutkan bahwa dalam memposisikan susunan ayat Al-quran yang dilakukan sesuai dengan instruksi yang diberikan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW ketika dalam menyusunnya, jadi tidak mungkin adanya kesalahan dalam menyusunnya, karena nabi dalam menyusunnya berdasarkan wahyu yang diturunkan oleh Allah melalui malaikat jibril. Seperti riwayat dari Ustman Bin Abi Ash yang mengatakan bahwa saat ia sedang duduk bersama rasulullah, beliau rasulullah memalingkan pandangan kesatu titik kemudian bersabda “ malaikat jibril menemuiku dan meminta agar menempatkan ayat ini ( ayat 90 surah An-Nahl ) pada bagian surah tertentu.” Berbeda dengan pandangan yang diberikan oleh para Orientalis, mereka berpandangan bahwa tidak mungkin penyusunan alquran secara taufiqi ini dilakukan berdasarkan instruksi dari nabi. Ditambah lagi dengan kecurigaan mereka tentang berakhirnya penyusunan al-quran pada masa khalifah usman bin affan yang memungkinkan adanya perubahan penempatan susunan al-quran dari masa Abu Bakar, atau Zaid Bin Tsabit sebagai penulis mushaf, dikarenakan adanya masa yang agak berjarak. Dari hal ini pulalah membuat para orientalis termotivasi untuk melakukan pengkajian dan penelitian terhadap penyusunan mushaf al-quran berdasarkan kronologisnya. Orientalis yang menjadi pelopor dalam penyusunan mushaf al-quran berdasarkan kronologisnya adalah Theodor Noldeke. Dia merupakan orang jerman yang lahir pada 12 maret tahun 1837 di kota hamburg. Dia merupakan seorang peneliti yang gigih dan mempelajari berbagai bahasa untuk menyelesaikan penelitiannya, diantara bahasa yang dipelajarinya adalah Bahasa Suryani, Persia, Arab dan Turki yang mana digunakan untuk meneliti manuskrip- manuskrip yang ada tentang Al-quran. Noldeke lebih memfokuskan dirinya dalam mengkaji sejarah al-quran yang dibuktikan dengan karya beliau berupa buku yang berjudul Geschichte Des Qurans ( Sejarah Al-Quran ). Didalam karyanya beliau menjelaskan tentang seluk beluk sejarah al-quran berdasarkan data yang didapatkan dari manuskrip-manuskrip yang diteliti terutama data yang bersumber dari riwayat–riwayat sejarah Al-quran dan tafsir, guna untuk mengurutkan penanggalan unit-unit al-quran. Noldeke dalam pengkajiannya menyimpulkan bahwa sejarah al-quran mengalami 4 periode, diantaranya yaitu 3 periode makkah dan satu periode madinah. Namun, apa yang disimpulkan noldeke mendapat koreksi dari muridnya yang bernama F, Schwally dan akhirnya karya beliau menjadi rujukan utama dalam penyusunan kronologis al-quran oleh para orientalis sesudahnya. Adapun periodesasi yang disusun oleh noldeke secara singkat adalah : periode mekkah pertama, yang memiliki ciri-ciri penyusunan al-quran seperti surat - suratnya pendek-pendek, memiliki rima, dan banyak diawali dengan kata sumpah, serta bahasanya yang indah. Contohnya surat al-alaq, al mudassir dan al-quraisy. Periode mekah kedua, yang memiliki ciri-ciri penyusunan seperti surah-surahnya lebih panjang dan terkesan berbentuk prosa tanpa menghilangkan sisi keindahannya. Didalam periode ini banyak menggunakan kata ar - rahman yang menunjuk pada salah satu nama tuhan, menjelaskan tentang surga dan neraka dan menyebutkan kisah-kisah umat-umat terdahulu seperti kisah nabi nuh dan umatnya serta para nabi yang lain. Periode mekah ketiga, yang memiliki ciri-ciri penyusunan al-quran seperti memiliki surah-surah yang panjang dan berbentuk prosa namun unsur keindahan didalamnya seperti periode sebelumnya sudah mulai pudar dan penggunaan kata ar-rahman sudah jarang dipakai. Meskipun kajian yang dilakukan oleh noldeke terlihat sudah matang dan sempurna serta mendapatkan pujian dari para ilmuwan sesudah nya, namun sebenarnya itu tidak lebih dari asumsi-asumsi belaka yang disampaikan olehnya. Adapun dari kalangan muslim pun sudah ada yang menyusun al-quran berdasarkan asbabun nuzulnya tetapi kemudian dikatakan bahwa menelusuri al-quran berdasarkan kronologisnya hanyalah sia –sia dan mustahil. Tidak ada yang benar-benar mengetahui tentang kronologis penyusunan Al-quran dan tidak bisa dibuktikan bahwa periodesasi Al-quran yang disusun oleh para orientalis salah atau benar. Namun dari melihat motivasi mereka dalam mengkaji dan meneliti mengenai kronologis penyusunan al-quran bisa diacungkan jempol karena adanya kesungguhan dan rasa ingin tahu, walaupun banyak mendapatkan kritik dan tantangan dalam menyusunnya.}} |date=2022-04-27 |source={{own}} |author=[[User:Randi purnama suluky|Randi purnama suluky]] |permission= |other versions= }} </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/File:IAT6_RANDI_PURNAMA_1930301031_UTS_KAJIAN_BARAT_ATAS_AL-QURAN.pdf" title="File:IAT6 RANDI PURNAMA 1930301031 UTS KAJIAN BARAT ATAS AL-QURAN.pdf">File:IAT6 RANDI PURNAMA 1930301031 UTS KAJIAN BARAT ATAS AL-QURAN.pdf</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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