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<li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Subsumption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">County of Champagne</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontelezh_Champagn" title="Kontelezh Champagn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kontelezh Champagn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comtat_de_Xampanya" title="Comtat de Xampanya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comtat de Xampanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrabstv%C3%AD_Champagne" title="Hrabství Champagne – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hrabství Champagne" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Champa%C3%B1a" title="Condado de Champaña – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Condado de Champaña" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graflando_%C4%88ampanjo" title="Graflando Ĉampanjo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Graflando Ĉampanjo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_de_Champagne" title="Comté de Champagne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Comté de Champagne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Champa%C3%B1a" title="Condado de Champaña – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Condado de Champaña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F" title="רוזנות שמפאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוזנות שמפאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graafschap_Champagne" title="Graafschap Champagne – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Graafschap Champagne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Шампань (графство) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шампань (графство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grofovija_Champagne" title="Grofovija Champagne – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grofovija Champagne" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champagne_Kontlu%C4%9Fu" title="Champagne Kontluğu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Champagne Kontluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Шампанське графство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шампанське графство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%A7%9F%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="香槟伯国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="香槟伯国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q546266#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Medieval feudal state in northeastern France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Champaign_County_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Champaign County (disambiguation)">Champaign County</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media 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.ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">County of Champagne</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Comitatus Campaniensis <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>)</span></li> <li>Conté de Champaigne <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">12th century–14th century</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Champagne-Ardenne.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of County of Champagne"><img alt="Coat of arms of County of Champagne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Champagne-Ardenne.svg/85px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Champagne-Ardenne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Champagne-Ardenne.svg/128px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Champagne-Ardenne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Champagne-Ardenne.svg/170px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Champagne-Ardenne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:La_France_en_1180_(section).png" class="mw-file-description" title="County of Champagne (green) within the Kingdom of France in 1180"><img alt="County of Champagne (green) within the Kingdom of France in 1180" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/La_France_en_1180_%28section%29.png/250px-La_France_en_1180_%28section%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/La_France_en_1180_%28section%29.png/375px-La_France_en_1180_%28section%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/La_France_en_1180_%28section%29.png/500px-La_France_en_1180_%28section%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3449" data-file-height="3376" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">County of Champagne (green) within the Kingdom of France in 1180</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">Vassal state</a> within the <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Feudal" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal">Feudal</a> <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">county</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Champagne" title="Count of Champagne">Count</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1102-1125 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Troyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh of Troyes">Hugh of Troyes</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1305-1314 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis I of Navarre">Louis I of Navarre</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• County merged with the French Crown </div></th><td class="infobox-data">14th century</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>County of Champagne</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Comitatus Campaniensis</i>; <a href="/wiki/Old_French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old French language">Old French</a>: <i lang="fro">Conté de Champaigne</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a medieval territory and <a href="/wiki/Feudal" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal">feudal</a> <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principality</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a>. It developed on the rich plains between <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and the border of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> in the 12th century. It became an economic hub of northern France and an international trade center in part due to <a href="/wiki/Champagne_fairs" title="Champagne fairs">the trade fairs</a> instituted by Count <a href="/wiki/Theobald_II,_Count_of_Champagne" title="Theobald II, Count of Champagne">Theobald II</a>, and steady <a href="/wiki/Land_clearing" class="mw-redirect" title="Land clearing">land clearing</a> led to <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_growth" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban growth">urban growth</a>. Count <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry the Liberal">Henry the Liberal</a> established the city of <a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> as the county's capital and expanded the state. The court of Champagne under Count Henry and Countess <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_France,_Countess_of_Champagne" title="Marie of France, Countess of Champagne">Marie</a> saw a proliferation of literary authors. In the 13th century, Count <a href="/wiki/Theobald_III,_Count_of_Champagne" title="Theobald III, Count of Champagne">Theobald III</a>, Countess <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Navarre,_Countess_of_Champagne" title="Blanche of Navarre, Countess of Champagne">Blanche</a>, and Count <a href="/wiki/Theobald_IV,_Count_of_Champagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Theobald IV, Count of Champagne">Theobald IV</a> oversaw a <a href="/wiki/Centralization" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralization">centralization</a> of the state. The county is noted for its support to the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">crusades</a> and monastic foundations, especially those of the <a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a>, which originated within its borders. From 1234 the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Champagne" title="Count of Champagne">count of Champagne</a> was also the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">king of Navarre</a>, and the marriage of Queen <a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I of Navarre</a> with King <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a> led to the county being absorbed into the <a href="/wiki/Crown_lands_of_France" title="Crown lands of France">royal domain</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of France">kings of France</a> in the 14th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Champagne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of the county, Champagne, comes from the vast open lands (<i>campi</i>) between the rivers <a href="/wiki/Aisne_(river)" title="Aisne (river)">Aisne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yonne_(river)" title="Yonne (river)">Yonne</a> east of the city of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. This area of the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Kingdom_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Kingdom of France">medieval Kingdom of France</a> was a highly fragmented frontier zone between the <a href="/wiki/Crown_lands_of_France" title="Crown lands of France">domain</a> of the <a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">king of France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20075_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20075-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The long process of consolidation of the county began in 1021 when Count <a href="/wiki/Odo_II_of_Blois" class="mw-redirect" title="Odo II of Blois">Odo II of Blois</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 996–1037</span>) inherited the counties of <a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Meaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Meaux (page does not exist)">Meaux</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Troyes" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Troyes">Troyes</a> along with a number of lesser lordships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20076_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20076-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Count <a href="/wiki/Theobald_III_of_Blois" class="mw-redirect" title="Theobald III of Blois">Theobald III of Blois</a> divided his possessions between his sons. By 1100 the youngest, <a href="/wiki/Hugh,_Count_of_Champagne" title="Hugh, Count of Champagne">Hugh</a>, inherited Troyes from his father and <a href="/wiki/Bar-sur-Aube" title="Bar-sur-Aube">Bar-sur-Aube</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vitry-en-Perthois" title="Vitry-en-Perthois">Vitry</a> from his mother, <a href="/wiki/Adele_of_Valois" title="Adele of Valois">Adele of Valois</a>; these three counties formed the core of the County of Champagne. Hugh called himself variously count of Troyes and <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Champagne" title="Count of Champagne">count of Champagne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20077_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20077-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lands of southern Champagne and <a href="/wiki/Brie_(region)" title="Brie (region)">Brie</a> coalesced under Count <a href="/wiki/Theobald_II,_Count_of_Champagne" title="Theobald II, Count of Champagne">Theobald II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1120–1152</span>). Theobald encouraged the immigration of settlers and merchants, leading to the development of the sparsely populated countryside and the growth of towns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20079_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20079-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theobald did <a href="/wiki/Homage_(feudal)" title="Homage (feudal)">homage</a> for Troyes to Duke <a href="/wiki/Odo_II_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Odo II of Burgundy">Odo II of Burgundy</a>; for Blois and Meaux he may have done homage to King <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII of France</a>; and for smaller holdings to the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Reims" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Reims">archbishop of Reims</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Langres" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Langres">bishop of Langres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200711_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200711-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, Champagne remained a collection of lordships rather than a single entity during Theobald's rule and only gained a fixed capital, accounts administration, a <a href="/wiki/Chancery_(medieval_office)" title="Chancery (medieval office)">chancery</a>, and a dynastic <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a> later in the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200712_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200712-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first count born in Champagne was <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry the Liberal">Henry the Liberal</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1152–1181</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200715_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200715-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during whose rule the county emerged as a distinct political entity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20072_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20072-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry's greatest achievement was the creation of a territorial state from the various lands in Champagne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200716_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200716-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He built <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel-Dieu-le-Comte_de_Troyes" title="Hôtel-Dieu-le-Comte de Troyes">a palace</a> in Troyes to serve as the administrative center of the new state, created a chancery, and established an accounts administration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200716–17_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200716–17-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry expanded the county to include borderland castles, including nine castles on the border of the Holy Roman Empire, becoming a vassal of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">emperor</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200722_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200722-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He further expanded northwards by agreement with his brother Archbishop <a href="/wiki/William_White_Hands" class="mw-redirect" title="William White Hands">William White Hands</a> of Reims, while the southern border shifted when several lords transferred their primary allegiance from the <a href="/wiki/Bishops_of_Auxerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishops of Auxerre">bishops of Auxerre</a> and Langres to the count of Champagne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200723_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200723-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Countess <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_France,_Countess_of_Champagne" title="Marie of France, Countess of Champagne">Marie</a> continued Henry's policy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200724–25_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200724–25-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time of Marie's death in 1198,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200724_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200724-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Champagne had become a cohesive territorial state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200726_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200726-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Count <a href="/wiki/Theobald_III,_Count_of_Champagne" title="Theobald III, Count of Champagne">Theobald III</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1198–1201</span>), Countess <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Navarre,_Countess_of_Champagne" title="Blanche of Navarre, Countess of Champagne">Blanche</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1201–1222</span>), and Count <a href="/wiki/Theobald_IV,_Count_of_Champagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Theobald IV, Count of Champagne">Theobald IV</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1222–1253</span>) created a fairly <a href="/wiki/Centralized_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralized state">centralized state</a> by making the largely autonomous <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a> accountable to an efficient <a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20072_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20072-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and aggressively expanded the comital domain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 13th century saw the counts more tightly control the circulation of <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fiefs</a>, which passed through inheritance, grant, <a href="/wiki/Mortgage" title="Mortgage">mortgage</a>, sale, <a href="/wiki/Benefaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Benefaction">benefaction</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allodial" class="mw-redirect" title="Allodial">allodial</a> conversion, and the fiefs simultaneously became open to women and non-knighted men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20072_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20072-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Succession_of_Champagne" title="War of the Succession of Champagne">War of the Succession of Champagne</a> devastated the southeastern part of the county in 1218.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200741_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200741-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Champagne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie_Champagne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Marie_Champagne.jpg/170px-Marie_Champagne.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Marie_Champagne.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>Seal of Countess Marie</figcaption></figure> <p>The organization of the county was based on <a href="/wiki/Castellanies" class="mw-redirect" title="Castellanies">castellanies</a>, which became the principal <a href="/wiki/Administrative_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative unit">administrative unit</a> under Henry the Liberal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200717_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200717-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were about 30 castellanies in Champagne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200718_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200718-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each castellany was centered on a <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castle</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Castle_town" title="Castle town">castle town</a> and encompassed lands of the count's domain as well as those of his vassals. At its head was the <a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">viscount</a> or <a href="/wiki/Castellan" title="Castellan">castellan</a>, who had charge over the knights who guarded the castle and the roads travelled by merchants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200717_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200717-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The count's villages were represented by mayors, who answered to the castellany's <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9v%C3%B4t" title="Prévôt">provost</a>. The provost held courts and collected rents, <i><a href="/wiki/Taille" title="Taille">tailles</a></i>, and taxes from the comital domain. The castellanies themselves were administered by the comital officials in Troyes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200717_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200717-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The count's <a href="/wiki/Serjeanty" title="Serjeanty">sergeants</a> within collected information about the fiefs and obligations of the count's fiefholders within each castellany. In the 13th century, castellanies were grouped into <i>bailliages</i>, which were supervised by a <i><a href="/wiki/Bailli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailli">bailli</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200718_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200718-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Champagne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HeCh01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/HeCh01.jpg/220px-HeCh01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/HeCh01.jpg/330px-HeCh01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/HeCh01.jpg/440px-HeCh01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1345" data-file-height="807" /></a><figcaption>Reproduction of a coin of Count Henry</figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of the county steadily expanded through persistent <a href="/wiki/Land_clearing" class="mw-redirect" title="Land clearing">land clearing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_growth" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban growth">urban growth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Champagne_trade_fairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Champagne trade fairs">Champagne trade fairs</a>, initiated under Theobald II<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20079_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20079-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and protected and regulated by the subsequent counts,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made the county the center of international trade and finance through most of the 1100s and 1200s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20071_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20071-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They principally attracted merchants and travelers from the neighboring <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Valley" title="Rhine Valley">Rhine Valley</a> as well as from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">states of Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELester2013357_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELester2013357-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but they also came from as far as the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_region" title="Baltic region">Baltic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Champagne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Champagne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The intellectual and literary interests of Count Henry and Countess Marie transformed the county's capital, Troyes, into a cultural center as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961551–591_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961551–591-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous authors were active in the county and appeared at the court. <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Clairvaux" title="Nicholas of Clairvaux">Nicholas of Clairvaux</a>, who was associated with the county's <a href="/wiki/Clairvaux_Abbey" title="Clairvaux Abbey">Clairvaux Abbey</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Troyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Troyes">bishopric of Troyes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961555_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961555-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dedicated two collections of his literary works to Count Henry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961556_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961556-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Celle" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter of Celle">Peter of Celle</a>, who came from a Champenois noble family, is described the historian <a href="/wiki/John_F._Benton" title="John F. Benton">John F. Benton</a> considers him "one of the finest spiritual writers of the twelfth century".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961557_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961557-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most scholarly person at Henry's court, according to Benton, was <a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_Alinerre" title="Stephen of Alinerre">Stephen of Alinerre</a>, but his works have not survived.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961560_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961560-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further authors, such as <a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evrat (page does not exist)">Evrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gace_Brul%C3%A9" title="Gace Brulé">Gace Brulé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gautier_d%27Arras" title="Gautier d'Arras">Gautier d'Arras</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Ch%C3%A8vre_d%27Or" title="Simon Chèvre d'Or">Simon Chèvre d'Or</a> acknowledged the influence of the count and countess of Champagne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961560–561_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961560–561-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Bazoches" title="Guy of Bazoches">Guy of Bazoches</a> (a scion of a Champenois noble family whom Benton describes as "one of the foremost Latin authors of Champagne"), <a href="/wiki/John_of_Salisbury" title="John of Salisbury">John of Salisbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_of_Bosham" title="Herbert of Bosham">Herbert of Bosham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Harveng" title="Philip of Harveng">Philip of Harveng</a>, addressed letters to the count.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961572–576_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961572–576-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Map" title="Walter Map">Walter Map</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Riga" title="Petrus Riga">Petrus Riga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guiot_of_Provins" title="Guiot of Provins">Guiot of Provins</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_III_of_Oisy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh III of Oisy (page does not exist)">Hugh III of Oisy</a> (one of the great lords in the county), and <a href="/wiki/Conon_of_B%C3%A9thune" title="Conon of Béthune">Conon of Béthune</a> are among the authors who wrote about the court of Champagne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961576–577_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961576–577-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Champagne&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The County of Champagne was strongly committed to the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">crusades</a>, taking part in every crusading campaign launched between 1095 and 1270. The counts, barons, and knights of Champagne contributed heavily to the efforts in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin East">Latin East</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>, the latter of which was <a href="/wiki/Frankokratia" title="Frankokratia">settled by the Champenois noblemen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELester2013357_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELester2013357-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The County of Champagne, especially its southern half, was the place of origin of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Cistercian_monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercian monasteries">Cistercian monasteries</a>, and a tradition of patronage for the <a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a> developed early in the county's history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELester2013358_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELester2013358-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsumption">Subsumption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Champagne&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Subsumption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1234 Theobald IV became <a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">king of Navarre</a> and henceforth the count-king spent little time in Champagne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200743_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200743-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Theobald_II_of_Navarre" title="Theobald II of Navarre">Theobald V</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1256–1270</span>) seldom intervened directly, leaving everyday affairs of state to his bureaucrats. <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_Navarre" title="Henry I of Navarre">Henry III</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1271–1274</span>) likewise had little impact except for somewhat expanding the comital domain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200755–56_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200755–56-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry III's death left the counties of Champagne and Brie and the Kingdom of Navarre in the hands of his minor daughter, <a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I</a>. Her mother, <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Artois" title="Blanche of Artois">Blanche of Artois</a>, betrothed her to a son of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III of France</a>. Already at this point the chancery of Champagne began preparations for direct royal rule. Philip III decided that Joan should marry his eldest surviving son, the future <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV</a>. While the comital government continued to function and Philip III respected the county's customs and the prerogatives of its High Court, but the gradual loss of autonomy began.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200757_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200757-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The county began to be ruled from Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200758_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200758-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historian <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Strayer" title="Joseph Strayer">Joseph Strayer</a> argues that Philip desired Joan for his heir not because of her kingdom but because of her counties, which were more strategically important and far wealthier than Navarre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201333_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201333-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acquisition of the County of Champagne was thus, in the opinion of the historian Elena Woodacre, "a huge achievement" for the kings of France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201334_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201334-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joan_I_of_Navarre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Joan_I_of_Navarre.jpg/220px-Joan_I_of_Navarre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Joan_I_of_Navarre.jpg/330px-Joan_I_of_Navarre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Joan_I_of_Navarre.jpg/440px-Joan_I_of_Navarre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="238" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durand_of_Champagne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durand of Champagne (page does not exist)">Durand of Champagne</a> presenting a book to Queen Joan</figcaption></figure> <p>Joan married the king's son in 1284.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200757_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200757-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1285 he informed the bishop of Langres and the archbishops of Reims and Sens that the homage which the count of Champagne owed them would lapse upon his accession to the royal throne,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200761_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200761-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the same year he succeeded his father as king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200757_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200757-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither he nor Joan felt any particular attachment to Champagne,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200758_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200758-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Joan was far more personally involved with ruling Champagne than with ruling her kingdom,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201337_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201337-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which she is not known to have visited.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201339_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201339-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philip ruled Champagne with a heavy hand, and the nobles of Champagne formed a league against him in 1314,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200761_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200761-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but soon stood down.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200762_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200762-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King <a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X of France</a>, successor of Joan I and Philip IV, died in 1316 leaving only a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Joan_II_of_Navarre" title="Joan II of Navarre">Joan II</a>, and a pregnant widow, <a href="/wiki/Clementia_of_Hungary" title="Clementia of Hungary">Clementia of Hungary</a>. The royal family decided that, if Clementia gave birth to a son, he would inherit all of Louis's titles; but if she gave birth to a daughter, she and Joan would divide Navarre, Champagne, and Brie between them. A son, <a href="/wiki/John_I_of_France" title="John I of France">John I</a>, was born, but died within days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201353_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201353-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis's brother <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip V</a> assumed the kingdoms and the counties, prompting the noblemen of Champagne and Brie to protest until he promised that Joan would inherit Champagne and Brie if he were to leave no sons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201355_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201355-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1328 both Philip V and <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV</a>, the final sons of Joan I and Philip IV, had died without leaving a son, and the throne of France was claimed by a cousin, <a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201357_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201357-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philip VI had no claim to either Navarre or Champagne and Brie, but was determined to keep the counties because of their strategic and economic importance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201359_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201359-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ceded to Joan and her husband, <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_%C3%89vreux" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip of Évreux">Philip of Évreux</a>, the counties of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Longueville" title="County of Longueville">Longueville</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Mortain" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Mortain">Mortain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Angoulême">Angoulême</a> in return for Joan's right to Champagne and Brie.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201360_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201360-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Champagne became fully integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Crown_lands_of_France" title="Crown lands of France">crown lands of France</a> in 1361.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201336_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201336-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Champagne&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champagne_(province)" title="Champagne (province)">Champagne (province)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Champagne&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3mBDAQAAMAAJ"><i>Dictionnaire topographique de la France</i></a>. 1871. p. 55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+topographique+de+la+France&rft.pages=55&rft.date=1871&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3mBDAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+of+Champagne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20075-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20075_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20076-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20076_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20077-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20077_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20079-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20079_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20079_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200711-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200711_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200712-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200712_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200715-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200715_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20072-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20072_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20072_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20072_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200716-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200716_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200716–17-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200716–17_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200722-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200722_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200723-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200723_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200724–25-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200724–25_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, pp. 24–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200724-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200724_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200726-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200726_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200732_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200741-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200741_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200717-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200717_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200717_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200717_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200718-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200718_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200718_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates20071-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates20071_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELester2013357-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELester2013357_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELester2013357_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLester2013">Lester 2013</a>, p. 357.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961551–591-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961551–591_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenton1961">Benton 1961</a>, pp. 551–591.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961555-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961555_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenton1961">Benton 1961</a>, p. 555.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961556-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961556_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenton1961">Benton 1961</a>, p. 556.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961557-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961557_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenton1961">Benton 1961</a>, p. 557.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961560-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961560_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenton1961">Benton 1961</a>, p. 560.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961560–561-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961560–561_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenton1961">Benton 1961</a>, pp. 560–561.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961572–576-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961572–576_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenton1961">Benton 1961</a>, pp. 572–576.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenton1961576–577-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenton1961576–577_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenton1961">Benton 1961</a>, pp. 576–577.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELester2013358-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELester2013358_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLester2013">Lester 2013</a>, p. 358.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200743-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200743_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200755–56-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200755–56_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, pp. 55–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200757-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200757_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200757_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200757_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200758-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200758_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200758_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201333-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201333_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodacre2013">Woodacre 2013</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201334-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201334_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodacre2013">Woodacre 2013</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200761-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200761_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200761_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201337-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201337_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodacre2013">Woodacre 2013</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201339-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201339_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodacre2013">Woodacre 2013</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvergates200762-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvergates200762_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvergates2007">Evergates 2007</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201353-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201353_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodacre2013">Woodacre 2013</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201355-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201355_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodacre2013">Woodacre 2013</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201357-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201357_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodacre2013">Woodacre 2013</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201359-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201359_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodacre2013">Woodacre 2013</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201360-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201360_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodacre2013">Woodacre 2013</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201336-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodacre201336_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodacre2013">Woodacre 2013</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Champagne&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenton1961" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Benton" title="John F. Benton">Benton, John F.</a> (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2856785.pdf">"The Court of Champagne as a Literary Center"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Speculum</i>. <b>36</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">551–</span>591. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2856785">10.2307/2856785</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0038-7134">0038-7134</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2856785">2856785</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.atitle=The+Court+of+Champagne+as+a+Literary+Center&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E551-%3C%2Fspan%3E591&rft.date=1961&rft.issn=0038-7134&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2856785%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2856785&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fpdf%2F2856785.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+of+Champagne" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvergates2007" class="citation book cs1">Evergates, Theodore (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QdNAAQAAQBAJ"><i>The Aristocracy in the County of Champagne, 1100-1300</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812201888" title="Special:BookSources/978-0812201888"><bdi>978-0812201888</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aristocracy+in+the+County+of+Champagne%2C+1100-1300&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0812201888&rft.aulast=Evergates&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQdNAAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+of+Champagne" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLester2013" class="citation web cs1">Lester, Anne E. (27 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3804196">""A Shared Imitation: Cistercian Convents and Crusader Families in Thirteenth-Century Champagne," Journal of Medieval History 35.4 (2009): 353-370"</a>. <i>Academia.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academia.edu&rft.atitle=%26quot%3BA+Shared+Imitation%3A+Cistercian+Convents+and+Crusader+Families+in+Thirteenth-Century+Champagne%2C%26quot%3B+Journal+of+Medieval+History+35.4+%282009%29%3A+353-370.&rft.date=2013-06-27&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=Anne+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F3804196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+of+Champagne" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodacre2013" class="citation book cs1">Woodacre, Elena (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FXkhAQAAQBAJ"><i>The Queens Regnant of Navarre: Succession, Politics, and Partnership, 1274-1512</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-33914-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-33914-0"><bdi>978-1-137-33914-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queens+Regnant+of+Navarre%3A+Succession%2C+Politics%2C+and+Partnership%2C+1274-1512&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-137-33914-0&rft.aulast=Woodacre&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFXkhAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+of+Champagne" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Champagne&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongnon1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Longnon" title="Auguste Longnon">Longnon, Auguste</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Champagne"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Champagne">"Champagne" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">827–</span>828.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Champagne&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E827-%3C%2Fspan%3E828&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Longnon&rft.aufirst=Auguste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+of+Champagne" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=County_of_Champagne&oldid=1273434085">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=County_of_Champagne&oldid=1273434085</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Counties_of_France" title="Category:Counties of France">Counties of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:12th_century_in_France" title="Category:12th century in France">12th century in France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th_century_in_France" title="Category:13th century in France">13th century in France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Champagne_(province)" title="Category:Champagne (province)">Champagne (province)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Old_French_(842-ca._1400)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text">Articles containing Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:France_articles_missing_geocoordinate_data" title="Category:France articles missing geocoordinate data">France articles missing geocoordinate data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_coordinates" title="Category:All articles needing coordinates">All articles needing coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_missing_coordinates_without_coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata">Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 February 2025, at 07:20<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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