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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Herbarium digitization initiatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herbarium_digitization_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exsiccata-like_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exsiccata-like_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Exsiccata-like series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exsiccata-like_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exsiccatum&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Exsiccatum">Exsiccatum</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Published sets of preserved botanical specimens distributed with printed labels</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_001.jpg/152px-Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_001.jpg/228px-Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_001.jpg/304px-Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3358" data-file-height="4446" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_014.jpg/152px-Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_014.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_014.jpg/228px-Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_014.jpg/304px-Lichenes_Helvetici_XIII_XIV_1840_014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3353" data-file-height="4457" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Front cover and dried specimens from <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Schaerer" title="Ludwig Schaerer">Ludwig Schaerer</a>'s exsiccata series <i>Lichenes Helvetici</i> (<i>Swiss lichens</i>), published in 26 fascicles from 1823 to 1852</div></div></div></div> <p><b>Exsiccata</b> (Latin, <i>gen.</i> -ae, <i>plur.</i> -ae) is a work with "published, uniform, numbered set[s] of preserved specimens distributed with printed labels".<sup id="cite_ref-Pfister_1985_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pfister_1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, exsiccatae are numbered collections of dried herbarium <a href="/wiki/Biological_specimen" title="Biological specimen">specimens</a> or preserved biological <a href="/wiki/Sample_(material)" title="Sample (material)">samples</a> published in several duplicate sets with a common theme or title, such as <i>Lichenes Helvetici exsiccati</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see figure). Exsiccatae are regarded as scientific contributions of the editor(s) with characteristics from the <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a> world (published booklets of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">scientific literature</a>, with authors/ <a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">editors</a>, titles, often published in <a href="/wiki/Serial_(publishing)" title="Serial (publishing)">serial publications</a> like journals and magazines and in <a href="/wiki/Serial_(literature)" title="Serial (literature)">serial formats with fascicles</a>) and features from the <a href="/wiki/Herbarium" title="Herbarium">herbarium</a> world (uniform and numbered collections of duplicate herbarium specimens). Exsiccatae works represent a special method of <a href="/wiki/Scholarly_communication" title="Scholarly communication">scholarly communication</a>. The text in the printed matters/published booklets is basically a list of labels (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Schedae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schedae (page does not exist)">schedae</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schede_(Etikett)" class="extiw" title="de:Schede (Etikett)">de</a>]</span>) with information on each single numbered exsiccatal unit. Extensions of the concept occur.<sup id="cite_ref-Vardi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vardi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several comprehensive <a href="/wiki/Bibliographies" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliographies">bibliographies</a> and treatments on exsiccatae devoted to <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryophytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryophytes">bryophytes</a> and lichens,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lichens" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichens">lichens</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A printed bibliography on works devoted to <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plants</a> is missing. The <a href="/wiki/IndExs_%E2%80%93_Index_of_Exsiccatae" title="IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae">IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae</a> online database closes the gap. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exsiccata&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Exsiccatae</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are also known under the terms exsiccatal series, exsiccata(e) series, exsiccata(e) works, exsiccatae collections, sometimes exsiccati, exsiccate. Furthermore, the feminine noun term "exsiccata" (Latin, <i>gen.</i> -ae, <i>plur.</i> -ae) for exsiccata series is often not clearly distinguished from the neuter noun "exsiccatum" (Latin, <i>gen.</i> -i, <i>plur.</i> -a) which is used in general for a dried herbarium specimen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There exists also the Latin adjective "exsiccatus, -a, -um" meaning "dried" which is often part of a Latin title of an exsiccata, e.g. <i>Lichenes exsiccati</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lynge_1913_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lynge_1913-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oldest series known as an exsiccata is that of the German naturalist and pharmacist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Balthasar_Ehrhart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Balthasar Ehrhart (page does not exist)">Johann Balthasar Ehrhart</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balthasar_Ehrhart" class="extiw" title="de:Balthasar Ehrhart">de</a>]</span> called <i>Herbarium vivum recens collectum...</i> It was distributed in 1732.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant material and text information is for the education of physician, pharmacists and teachers. With this goal, the system of exsiccatae is originated from herbarium books with images of plants and fungi, such as the <a href="/wiki/Herbarium_vivum" title="Herbarium vivum"><i>Herbaria viva</i></a> distributed in the 16th and 17th century, but now contained dried and pressed plant material. Series with scholarly and scientific focus followed few years later. One of that kind of series was published by the Swiss botanist <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Friedrich_Ehrhart" title="Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart">Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart</a>, a pupil of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a>, with the title <i>Plantae cryptogamae Linn., quas in locis earum natalibus collegit et exsiccavit Fridericus Ehrhart</i>. The first fascicle was delivered in 1785.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As one of the first Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart promoted the selling of dried plants with several series, among others <i>Arbores, frutices et suffrutices Linnaei quas in usum dendrophilorum collegit et exsiccavit Fr. Ehrhart</i> and <i>Calamariae, Gramina et Tripetaloideae Linnaei, quas in usum botanicophilorum collegit et exsiccavit Fr. Ehrhart</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Triebel,_D._2004_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triebel,_D._2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of the 2,400 known exsiccatae and exsiccata-like specimen series appeared in the 19th century. They are often specialised by a single organism group or geographical region. Two examples: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Braun" title="Alexander Braun">Alexander Braun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Ludwig_Rabenhorst" title="Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst">Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Stizenberger" title="Ernst Stizenberger">Ernst Stizenberger</a> have distributed <i>Die Characeen Europa's in getrockneten Exemplaren, unter Mitwirkung mehrerer Freunde der Botanik, gesammelt und herausgegeben von Prof. A. Braun, L. Rabenhorst und E. Stizenberger</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1878 and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Drummond_(botanist)" title="Thomas Drummond (botanist)">Thomas Drummond</a> published <i>Musci Americani; or, specimens of the mosses collected in British North America, and chiefly among the Rocky Mountains, during the Second Land Arctic Expedition under the command of Captain Franklin, R.N. by Thomas Drummond, Assistant Naturalist ...</i> in 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some series are devoted to organisms of economical or medicinal relevance, and thus of interest for pharmacists, plant pathologists, veterinarians, people working in horticulture, agriculture and forestry. <a href="/wiki/Felix_von_Th%C3%BCmen" title="Felix von Thümen">Felix von Thümen</a> published some exsiccatal series of this kind, e.g., <i>Herbarium mycologicum oeconomicum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relevance_in_science">Relevance in science</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exsiccata&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Relevance in science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Exsiccatae are well-known reference systems in collection-based life science and biodiversity research. Especially in early, large and widely distributed series like the <i>Fungi Rhenani</i> of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Gottlieb_Leopold_Fuckel" title="Karl Wilhelm Gottlieb Leopold Fuckel">Karl Wilhelm Gottlieb Leopold Fuckel</a>, many taxonomic <a href="/wiki/Type_(biology)" title="Type (biology)">type specimens</a> are among the 2,700 numbered specimen units, now labelled as <a href="/wiki/Isotype_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotype (biology)">isotypes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lectotype_specimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lectotype specimen">lectotypes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, a web portal with underlying database called <a href="/wiki/IndExs_%E2%80%93_Index_of_Exsiccatae" title="IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae">IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae</a> was published with the goal of gathering and providing bibliographic information on all types of exsiccatae and exsiccata-like series.<sup id="cite_ref-Triebel_&_Scholz_2001-2025_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triebel_&_Scholz_2001-2025-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently more than 2,400 series with more than 1,300 editors are known.<sup id="cite_ref-Triebel_et_al._2022_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triebel_et_al._2022-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The editors are often well known as <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomists</a>. In the case that they published exsiccatae, the series are explicitly cited in <a href="/wiki/Frans_Stafleu" title="Frans Stafleu">Frans Stafleu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sumner_Cowan" title="Richard Sumner Cowan">Richard Sumner Cowan</a>'s standard work <i>Taxonomic Literature: A Selective Guide to Botanical Publications and Collections, with Dates, Commentaries, and Types</i> (7 volumes) and in the 8 volumes of the supplement series with the first 6 co-authored by <a href="/wiki/Erik_Albert_Mennega" title="Erik Albert Mennega">Erik Albert Mennega</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> How many issues (= sets) of an exsiccata is published and distributed is often unknown. In large institutional herbaria (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_herbaria" title="List of herbaria">List of herbaria</a>), the exsiccatae are often not kept in their original sets, but each single numbered specimen unit is inserted in the general collections and filed under the current taxon name, e.g. in M<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Triebel,_D._2004_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triebel,_D._2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in HUH (FH).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ICBN/_ICN_articles_and_exsiccatae"><span id="ICBN.2F_ICN_articles_and_exsiccatae"></span>ICBN/ ICN articles and exsiccatae</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exsiccata&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: ICBN/ ICN articles and exsiccatae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 19th century with mid of 20th century, exsiccatae played an important role in botany, mycology and <a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">binomial nomenclature</a>. A lot of taxa were described with diagnosis in exsiccatae or exsiccatal-like specimen series using printed labels and schedae booklets for effective publication of the names, see for example <i><a href="/wiki/Iris_camillae" title="Iris camillae">Iris camillae</a></i> described by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Alfonsovich_Grossheim" title="Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim">Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim</a> in the schedae of <i>Plantae orientales exsiccatae</i>. These printed matters are often so-called <a href="/wiki/Grey_literature" title="Grey literature">grey literature</a>. In the Vienna rules (1906) of the ICBN, now <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</a> (ICN), exsiccatae and their printed matters were explicitly mentioned in the context of valid publication (Article 37). With 1953 (under the Stockholm Code) the printed matters accompanying exsiccatae must be distributed independently of the exsiccatae for effective publication (see, e.g., Vienna Code 2006, Article 30.4). The recent code (Shenzhen Code 2018) does only mention exsiccatae explicitly but gives two exsiccatae as examples for effective publication under Article 30.8, Note 2. This correlates with the minor role that current exsiccatae play today with around 70 series running.<sup id="cite_ref-Triebel_et_al._2022_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triebel_et_al._2022-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Herbarium_digitization_initiatives">Herbarium digitization initiatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exsiccata&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Herbarium digitization initiatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Approximately 10 million of the 350 million botanical specimens in the major herbaria belong to the 2,300 widely distributed exsiccatae and exsiccata-like series. The specimens are either included in the general collections of the major herbaria or kept there as separate fascicles (see <a href="/wiki/Index_Herbariorum" title="Index Herbariorum">Index Herbariorum</a><sup id="cite_ref-Triebel_et_al._2022_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triebel_et_al._2022-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Thus, the series are explicitly addressed by joint advanced digitization projects of biodiversity collections like <a href="/wiki/IDigBio" title="IDigBio">iDigBio</a>. As a result, most of the iDigBio web portals have a section for accessing specimens of exsiccatae, like the portal of the <i>Consortium of Midwest Herbaria</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Approaches to generate <a href="/wiki/Virtual_herbarium" title="Virtual herbarium">virtual herbaria</a> are optimizing their label data capture with linking the specimen text information to standard abbreviations of the exsiccata series following (online) bibliographies and example label images for disambiguation purposes. <a href="/wiki/Citizen_science" title="Citizen science">Citizen science</a> approaches for herbarium label digitization have instructions about how to recognize exsiccatae and how to mobilize this information in a structured manner. An example is the guideline of the <i>BGBM Herbonauten</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="Citation is another Wiki page (November 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. In general, the <a href="/wiki/Collections_management_system" title="Collections management system">collections management systems</a> used at major herbaria are able to handle data on exsiccata series and single exsiccata specimens. </p><p>Similar as <a href="/wiki/IDigBio" title="IDigBio">iDigBio</a> the concept for complete digitization of German herbaria is including the mobilisation of this structured historical information using a standard reference list of editors, titles, abbreviations, publication dates and number ranges. This procedure will facilitate the discovery of duplicate exsiccata specimens in the various herbaria and avoid multiple typing of the same text information. The mobilisation of this data is regarded as an example for creating synergies between institutional herbaria during the digitization process.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exsiccata-like_series">Exsiccata-like series</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exsiccata&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Exsiccata-like series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ideally, exsiccatae comprise dried plant or fungus material as a result of <a href="/wiki/Plant_collecting" title="Plant collecting">plant collecting</a>, have a descriptive title, one or more editors (or alternatively an editing organisation), printed labels and the single dried specimens have printed taxon names, locality information and exsiccatal numbers and are distributed in sets/fascicles. The publication size vary depending on the work from very few until up to 70 duplicate specimens per numbered unit. Over time, with the changing goals in the wide field of organismic botany and mycology there were deviations in all aspects. There are exsiccata-like series distributing preserved natural objects other than dried herbarium material. Examples are <a href="/wiki/Microscope_slide" title="Microscope slide">glass slides</a> with microorganisms, see <i>Diatomacearum species typicae</i> edited by <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Lanphere_Smith" title="Hamilton Lanphere Smith">Hamilton Lanphere Smith</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and slides of wood, see <i>American Woods</i> edited by <a href="/wiki/Romeyn_Beck_Hough" title="Romeyn Beck Hough">Romeyn Beck Hough</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Especially within the 19th century a number of exsiccata-like series and duplicate specimen collections which superficially resemble exsiccatae are known: Some are without descriptive titles (instead they may have an organization as header), some without mentioned editors, others with labels that are in parts handwritten with handwritten numbers, and series without sequential numbers as well as series whose sets are not uniform and schedae which are not published as independent schedae work. Some works as that of <a href="/wiki/William_Gardiner_(botanist)" title="William Gardiner (botanist)">William Gardiner</a> with the title <i>Twenty lessons on British Mosses; first steps to a knowledge of that beautiful tribe of plants ... illustrated with specimens</i> with mounted herbarium specimens are primarily for educational purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is also the case with the series <i>Educational collections of Australian plants</i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Mueller" title="Ferdinand von Mueller">Ferdinand von Mueller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These works are regularly treated as library objects. </p><p>The 19th century saw the increase of the trade and the exchange with plant material: More than 100 societies for plant exchange purposes, mostly with non-commercial goals were founded, so-called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant_exchange_organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plant exchange organization (page does not exist)">plant exchange organizations</a>, which build networks of citizen science to exchange plant material among their individual, private members.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were busy announcing new material, e.g., in scientific journals like <i>Flora (Regensburg)</i>. Some of them distributed specimen series with characteristic printed labels superficially resembling exsiccatae, mostly with anonymous editors. An example is the <i>Société Rochelaise pour l'échange des plantes françaises</i>, starting in 1880, with around 15 specimen series.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the plant exchange organisations described above, there were <a href="/wiki/Learned_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Learned societies">learned societies</a> which, among other activities, published and distributed exsiccata-like collections of specimens. The <a href="/wiki/Broterian_Society" title="Broterian Society">Broterian Society</a> with <i>Flora Lusitanica (Soc. Brot. 1. anno)</i> and its annual follow-up collections is a known example.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the well-known plant exchange organizations/ associations that existed more than a hundred years was the <i>Société Française pour l'échange des plantes vasculaires</i>, from 1911 to 2015. This organisation developed a large network of plant collectors worldwide, elaborated guidelines for plant collectors and distributed a number of exsiccata-like series, partly numbered, with printed labelsand distributed booklets. The last exsiccata-like series edited by the <i>Société pour l'Échange des Plantes vasculaires de l'Europe et du Bassin méditerranéen et correspondant</i> finally distributed 20,000 specimen units of vascular plants and started in 1947. The last secretary and in this function editor of the series was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Lambinon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Lambinon (page does not exist)">Jacques Lambinon</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lambinon" class="extiw" title="fr:Jacques Lambinon">fr</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Few organizations had business models for selling exsiccatae and exsiccatae-like series. An example is the early <a href="/wiki/Unio_Itineraria" title="Unio Itineraria">Unio Itineraria</a>, a society, which financially supported the scientific voyages of <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Schimper" title="Georg Wilhelm Schimper">Georg Wilhelm Schimper</a> and distributed series with printed labels like <i>Schimper, Unio Itineraria 1835</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others. There were also individuals starting as plant collectors and later switching on dealing with exsiccata-like series. A famous example is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignaz_D%C3%B6rfler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignaz Dörfler (page does not exist)">Ignaz Dörfler</a> who earned a living with this kind of trade for more than twenty years from 1894 until 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Triebel_&_Scholz_2001-2024_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triebel_&_Scholz_2001-2024-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some modern definitions of the term <i>exsiccata</i> reflect the purpose of sale and subscription in delivering exsiccatae, e.g. that in <i>A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recipients and buyers were private plant collectors, as well as learned societies and institutional herbaria. For more than two decades (1908-1932) there existed the journal <i>Herbarium. Organ zur Förderung des Austausches wissenschaftlicher Exsiccatensammlungen</i> Band I + II, no. 1-86 published by Theodor Oswald Weigel, Leipzig, who organised the sale of exsiccatae and exsiccata-like series in a professional manner.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some individual historical collections of mounted plants (<a href="/wiki/Herbaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbaria">herbaria</a>) were bounded as splendid book volumes. This kind of unique herbaria might superficially resemble exsiccatae and were offered for purchase to single academic societies and princely courts as for example <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Jan" title="Giorgio Jan">Giorgio Jan</a> did at the beginning of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In few cases the term <i>exsiccata</i> is used for characterizing botanical art works bounded as books, which contain decorative assortments of pressed plant specimens mounted to the pages, usually arranged in a theme.<sup id="cite_ref-Vardi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vardi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exsiccata&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pfister_1985-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pfister_1985_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPfister1985" class="citation journal cs1">Pfister, Donald H. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0023/0001.htm">"A bibliographic account of exsiccatae containing fungi"</a>. <i>Mycotaxon</i>. <b>23</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>139.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycotaxon&rft.atitle=A+bibliographic+account+of+exsiccatae+containing+fungi&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E139&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=Donald+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cybertruffle.org.uk%2Fcyberliber%2F59575%2F0023%2F0001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=976961791">"Lichenes Helvetici exsiccati. Editio I: IndExs ExsiccataID=976961791"</a>. <i>IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae</i>. Botanische Staatssammlung München<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndExs+%E2%80%93+Index+of+Exsiccatae&rft.atitle=Lichenes+Helvetici+exsiccati.+Editio+I%3A+IndExs+ExsiccataID%3D976961791&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.botanischestaatssammlung.de%2FDatabaseClients%2FIndExs%2FExsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp%3FExsiccataID%3D976961791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vardi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vardi_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vardi_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVardi" class="citation web cs1">Vardi, Sarai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/conserving-exsiccata-for-the-clothworkers-foundation">"Conserving Exsiccata for the Clothworkers' Foundation"</a>. <i>Kew</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kew&rft.atitle=Conserving+Exsiccata+for+the+Clothworkers%27+Foundation&rft.aulast=Vardi&rft.aufirst=Sarai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fread-and-watch%2Fconserving-exsiccata-for-the-clothworkers-foundation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sayre, G. 1969. Cryptogamae exsiccatae - an annotated bibliography of published exsiccatae of algae, lichenes, hepaticae, and musci. Introduction, I. General Cryptogams, II. Algae, III. Lichens. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 19(1): 1-174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sayre, G. 1975. Cryptogamae exsiccatae - an annotated bibliography of exsiccatae of algae, lichenes, hepaticae, and musci. V. Unpublished Exsiccatae. I. Collectors. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 19(3): 277-423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynge, B. 1922. Index specierum et varietatum lichenum quae collectionibus "Lichenes exsiccati" distributae sunt. 2: Index specierum varietatumque alphabetice dispositus. Nyt Mag. Naturvidensk. 59: 97-192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynge, B. 1939. Index collectionum "Lichenes Exsiccati" Supplementum I. Nytt Mag. Naturvidensk. 79: 233-323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kohlmeyer, J. 1962. Index alphabeticus Klotzschii et Rabenhorstii herbarii mycologici. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 4: 1-231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevenson, J.A. 1971. An account of fungus exsiccati containing material from the Americas. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 36: 1-563.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/exsiccatae">"Definition of EXSICCATAE"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Definition+of+EXSICCATAE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fexsiccatae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stearn, W.T. 1983. Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary. 3. ed. - 1-566. London, North Pomfret.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lynge_1913-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lynge_1913_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLynge1913" class="citation journal cs1">Lynge, B. (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109439#page/125/mode/1up">"On the world's "Lichenes exsiccati"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>NYT Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne</i>. <b>51</b>: <span class="nowrap">95–</span>122.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NYT+Magazin+for+Naturvidenskaberne&rft.atitle=On+the+world%27s+%22Lichenes+exsiccati%22&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E122&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Lynge&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F109439%23page%2F125%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchultes1817" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schultes, Joseph August (1817). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_e8TAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP1"><i>Grundriss einer Geschichte und Literatur der Botanik, von Theophrastos Eresios bis auf die neuesten Zeiten, nebst einer Geschichte der botanischen Gärten</i></a> (in German). éditeur non identifié.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grundriss+einer+Geschichte+und+Literatur+der+Botanik%2C+von+Theophrastos+Eresios+bis+auf+die+neuesten+Zeiten%2C+nebst+einer+Geschichte+der+botanischen+G%C3%A4rten&rft.pub=%C3%A9diteur+non+identifi%C3%A9&rft.date=1817&rft.aulast=Schultes&rft.aufirst=Joseph+August&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_e8TAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=750703744">"Herbarium vivum recens collectum...: IndExs ExsiccataID=750703744"</a>. <i>IndExs - Index of Exsiccatae</i>. Botanische Staatssammlung München<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndExs+-+Index+of+Exsiccatae&rft.atitle=Herbarium+vivum+recens+collectum...%3A+IndExs+ExsiccataID%3D750703744&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botanischestaatssammlung.de%2FDatabaseClients%2FIndExs%2FExsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp%3FExsiccataID%3D750703744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=282243788">"Plantae cryptogamae Linn., quas in locis earum natalibus collegit et exsiccavit Fridericus Ehrhart: IndExs ExsiccataID=282243788"</a>. <i>IndExs - Index of Exsiccatae</i>. Botanische Staatssammlung München<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndExs+-+Index+of+Exsiccatae&rft.atitle=Plantae+cryptogamae+Linn.%2C+quas+in+locis+earum+natalibus+collegit+et+exsiccavit+Fridericus+Ehrhart%3A+IndExs+ExsiccataID%3D282243788&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botanischestaatssammlung.de%2FDatabaseClients%2FIndExs%2FExsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp%3FExsiccataID%3D282243788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=788668032">"Arbores, frutices et suffrutices Linnaei quas in usum dendrophilorum collegit et exsiccavit Fr. Ehrhart: IndExs ExsiccataID=788668032"</a>. <i>IndExs - Index of Exsiccatae</i>. Botanische Staatssammlung München<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndExs+-+Index+of+Exsiccatae&rft.atitle=Arbores%2C+frutices+et+suffrutices+Linnaei+quas+in+usum+dendrophilorum+collegit+et+exsiccavit+Fr.+Ehrhart%3A+IndExs+ExsiccataID%3D788668032&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botanischestaatssammlung.de%2FDatabaseClients%2FIndExs%2FExsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp%3FExsiccataID%3D788668032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=2097529087">"Calamariae, Gramina et Tripetaloideae Linnaei, quas in usum botanicophilorum collegit et exsiccavit Fr. Ehrhart: IndExs ExsiccataID=2097529087"</a>. <i>IndExs - Index of Exsiccatae</i>. Botanische Staatssammlung München<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndExs+-+Index+of+Exsiccatae&rft.atitle=Calamariae%2C+Gramina+et+Tripetaloideae+Linnaei%2C+quas+in+usum+botanicophilorum+collegit+et+exsiccavit+Fr.+Ehrhart%3A+IndExs+ExsiccataID%3D2097529087&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botanischestaatssammlung.de%2FDatabaseClients%2FIndExs%2FExsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp%3FExsiccataID%3D2097529087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Triebel,_D._2004-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Triebel,_D._2004_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Triebel,_D._2004_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Triebel, D., Scholz, P., Hagedorn, G. & Weiss, M. 2004. History of exsiccatal series in cryptogamic botany and mycology as reflected by the web-accessible database of exsiccatae "IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae". – In Döbbeler, P. & Rambold, G. (eds.), Contributions to Lichenology. Festschrift in Honour of Hannes Hertel. Biblioth. Lichenol. 88: 671-690.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=1692955391">"Die Characeen Europa's in getrockneten Exemplaren, unter Mitwirkung mehrerer Freunde der Botanik, gesammelt und herausgegeben von Prof. A. Braun, L. Rabenhorst und E. Stizenberger: IndExs ExsiccataID=1692955391"</a>. <i>IndExs - Index of Exsiccatae</i>. Botanische Staatssammlung München<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndExs+-+Index+of+Exsiccatae&rft.atitle=Die+Characeen+Europa%27s+in+getrockneten+Exemplaren%2C+unter+Mitwirkung+mehrerer+Freunde+der+Botanik%2C+gesammelt+und+herausgegeben+von+Prof.+A.+Braun%2C+L.+Rabenhorst+und+E.+Stizenberger%3A+IndExs+ExsiccataID%3D1692955391&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botanischestaatssammlung.de%2FDatabaseClients%2FIndExs%2FExsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp%3FExsiccataID%3D1692955391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=905706240">"Musci Americani; or, specimens of the mosses collected in British North America, and chiefly among the Rocky Mountains, during the Second Land Arctic Expedition under the command of Captain Franklin, R.N. by Thomas Drummond, Assistant Naturalist ...: IndExs ExsiccataID=905706240"</a>. <i>IndExs - Index of Exsiccatae</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndExs+-+Index+of+Exsiccatae&rft.atitle=Musci+Americani%3B+or%2C+specimens+of+the+mosses+collected+in+British+North+America%2C+and+chiefly+among+the+Rocky+Mountains%2C+during+the+Second+Land+Arctic+Expedition+under+the+command+of+Captain+Franklin%2C+R.N.+by+Thomas+Drummond%2C+Assistant+Naturalist+...%3A+IndExs+ExsiccataID%3D905706240&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botanischestaatssammlung.de%2FDatabaseClients%2FIndExs%2FExsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp%3FExsiccataID%3D905706240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=23396611">"Herbarium mycologicum oeconomicum: IndExs ExsiccataID=23396611"</a>. <i>IndExs - Index of Exsiccatae</i>. 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Botanische Staatssammlung München<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndExs+-+Index+of+Exsiccatae&rft.atitle=Fungi+Rhenani+exsiccati+a+Leopoldo+Fuckel+collecti%3A+IndExs+ExsiccataID%3D566312909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.botanischestaatssammlung.de%2FDatabaseClients%2FIndExs%2FExsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp%3FExsiccataID%3D566312909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Triebel_&_Scholz_2001-2025-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Triebel_&_Scholz_2001-2025_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Triebel, D. & Scholz, P. 2001–2025 <i>IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae</i>. Botanische Staatssammlung München: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://indexs.botanischestaatssammlung.de">http://indexs.botanischestaatssammlung.de</a>. – München, Germany.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Triebel_et_al._2022-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Triebel_et_al._2022_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Triebel_et_al._2022_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Triebel_et_al._2022_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTriebelUribe-HolguinSeifertWeiss2022" class="citation journal cs1">Triebel, Dagmar; Uribe-Holguin, Camila; Seifert, Stefan; Weiss, Markus; Scholz, Peter (23 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3897%2Fbiss.6.93585">"Connecting IndExs Editors and exsiccata IDs with Wikidata for Disambiguation of People Names and Work in Botanical and Mycological Collections"</a>. <i>Biodiversity Information Science and Standards</i>. <b>6</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3897%2Fbiss.6.93585">10.3897/biss.6.93585</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:251791081">251791081</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodiversity+Information+Science+and+Standards&rft.atitle=Connecting+IndExs+Editors+and+exsiccata+IDs+with+Wikidata+for+Disambiguation+of+People+Names+and+Work+in+Botanical+and+Mycological+Collections&rft.volume=6&rft.date=2022-08-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3897%2Fbiss.6.93585&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A251791081%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Triebel&rft.aufirst=Dagmar&rft.au=Uribe-Holguin%2C+Camila&rft.au=Seifert%2C+Stefan&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Markus&rft.au=Scholz%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3897%252Fbiss.6.93585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStafleuCowan1976" class="citation book cs1">Stafleu, Frans A.; Cowan, Richard S. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/48631"><i>Taxonomic literature : a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types</i></a> (2nd ed.). Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-313-0224-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-313-0224-6"><bdi>978-90-313-0224-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taxonomic+literature+%3A+a+selective+guide+to+botanical+publications+and+collections+with+dates%2C+commentaries+and+types&rft.place=Utrecht&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Bohn%2C+Scheltema+%26+Holkema&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-90-313-0224-6&rft.aulast=Stafleu&rft.aufirst=Frans+A.&rft.au=Cowan%2C+Richard+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F48631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hertel, H (1982) Die Exsiccatenwerke des Flechtenherbars der Botanischen Staatssammlung. Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 18: 297-340.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/publication_search.php?mode=exsiccatae">"Index of Botanical Publications, Exsiccatae known to the Harvard University"</a>. <i>Publications</i>. Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BGBM+Herbonauten+Wiki&rft.atitle=BGBM+Herbonauten%2C+Leitfaden%2C+Identifizieren+von+Etiketten+aus+Exsiccatenwerken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fherbonauten.bgbm.org%2Fwiki%2FLeitfaden_f%25C3%25BCr_die_Dokumentation_von_Herbarbelegen%23Identifizieren_von_Etiketten_aus_Exsiccatenwerken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBorschStevensHäffnerGüntsch2020" class="citation journal cs1">Borsch, Thomas; Stevens, Albert-Dieter; Häffner, Eva; Güntsch, Anton; Berendsohn, Walter G.; Appelhans, Marc; Barilaro, Christina; Beszteri, Bánk; Blattner, Frank; Bossdorf, Oliver; Dalitz, Helmut; Dressler, Stefan; Duque-Thüs, Rhinaixa; Esser, Hans-Joachim; Franzke, Andreas (2020-03-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://riojournal.com/article/50675/">"A complete digitization of German herbaria is possible, sensible and should be started now"</a>. <i>Research Ideas and Outcomes</i>. <b>6</b>: e50675. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3897%2Frio.6.e50675">10.3897/rio.6.e50675</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2367-7163">2367-7163</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+Ideas+and+Outcomes&rft.atitle=A+complete+digitization+of+German+herbaria+is+possible%2C+sensible+and+should+be+started+now&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=e50675&rft.date=2020-03-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3897%2Frio.6.e50675&rft.issn=2367-7163&rft.aulast=Borsch&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Stevens%2C+Albert-Dieter&rft.au=H%C3%A4ffner%2C+Eva&rft.au=G%C3%BCntsch%2C+Anton&rft.au=Berendsohn%2C+Walter+G.&rft.au=Appelhans%2C+Marc&rft.au=Barilaro%2C+Christina&rft.au=Beszteri%2C+B%C3%A1nk&rft.au=Blattner%2C+Frank&rft.au=Bossdorf%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Dalitz%2C+Helmut&rft.au=Dressler%2C+Stefan&rft.au=Duque-Th%C3%BCs%2C+Rhinaixa&rft.au=Esser%2C+Hans-Joachim&rft.au=Franzke%2C+Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Friojournal.com%2Farticle%2F50675%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=359129600">"Diatomacearum species typicae: IndExs ExsiccataID=359129600"</a>. <i>IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndExs+-+Index+of+Exsiccatae&rft.atitle=Twenty+lessons+on+British+Mosses%3B+first+steps+to+a+knowledge+of+that+beautiful+tribe+of+plants+...+illustrated+with+specimens%3A+IndExs+ExsiccataID%3D746541312&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botanischestaatssammlung.de%2FDatabaseClients%2FIndExs%2FExsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp%3FExsiccataID%3D746541312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=2142420223">"Educational collections of Australian plants: IndExs ExsiccataID=2142420223"</a>. <i>IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae</i>. Botanische Staatssammlung München<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndExs+%E2%80%93+Index+of+Exsiccatae&rft.atitle=Educational+collections+of+Australian+plants%3A+IndExs+ExsiccataID%3D2142420223&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.botanischestaatssammlung.de%2FDatabaseClients%2FIndExs%2FExsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp%3FExsiccataID%3D2142420223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaroske2007" class="citation journal cs1">Maroske, Sara (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://recollections.nma.gov.au/issues/vol_2_no_1/papers/educational_exsiccatae">"Educational exsiccatae: Ferdinand von Mueller's botanical lessons in colonial Victoria"</a>. <i>ReCollections</i>. <b>2</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">37–</span>47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ReCollections&rft.atitle=Educational+exsiccatae%3A+Ferdinand+von+Mueller%E2%80%99s+botanical+lessons+in+colonial+Victoria&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E47&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Maroske&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frecollections.nma.gov.au%2Fissues%2Fvol_2_no_1%2Fpapers%2Feducational_exsiccatae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnsflora.de/saxifraga_sponhemica/tauschorganisationen.php">"Pflanzentauschorganisationen"</a>. <i>CNSflora</i>. Christof Nikolaus Schröder<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNSflora&rft.atitle=Pflanzentauschorganisationen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnsflora.de%2Fsaxifraga_sponhemica%2Ftauschorganisationen.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/113462923">"plant exchange organization (Q113462923)"</a>. <i>Wikidata Q-item</i>. Wikidata<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wikidata+Q-item&rft.atitle=plant+exchange+organization+%28Q113462923%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fwiki%2F113462923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchröder2024" class="citation journal cs1">Schröder, Christof Nikolaus (2024). "Plant exchange networks in the 19th century – 200 years of citizen science". <i>Bauhinia</i>. <b>29</b>: <span class="nowrap">97–</span>192.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bauhinia&rft.atitle=Plant+exchange+networks+in+the+19th+century+%E2%80%93+200+years+of+citizen+science&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E192&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Schr%C3%B6der&rft.aufirst=Christof+Nikolaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=2147199796">"Société Rochelaise 1880: IndExs ExsiccataID=2147199796"</a>. <i>IndExs - Index of Exsiccatae</i>. Botanische Staatssammlung München<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndExs+-+Index+of+Exsiccatae&rft.atitle=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Rochelaise+1880%3A+IndExs+ExsiccataID%3D2147199796&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.botanischestaatssammlung.de%2FDatabaseClients%2FIndExs%2FExsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp%3FExsiccataID%3D2147199796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBange2012" class="citation journal cs1">Bange, Christian (2012). "Travail collectif en botanique et validation scientifique: les sociétés d'échange de plantes". <i>Bull. Hist. Épistém. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndExs+-+Index+of+Exsiccatae&rft.atitle=Flora+Lusitanica+%28Soc.+Brot.+1.+anno%29%3A+IndExs+ExsiccataID%3D2147199942&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botanischestaatssammlung.de%2FDatabaseClients%2FIndExs%2FExsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp%3FExsiccataID%3D2147199942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClients/IndExs/Exsiccatae_IndExs_Details.jsp?ExsiccataID=878625024">"Société pour l'échange des plantes vasculaires de l'Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen: IndExs ExsiccataID=878625024"</a>. <i>IndExs - Index of Exsiccatae</i>. 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Botanische Staatssammlung München: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://indexs.botanischestaatssammlung.de">http://indexs.botanischestaatssammlung.de</a>. – München, Germany.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=exsiccata">"A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin"</a>. <i>MO Databases</i>. Missouri Botanical Garden<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MO+Databases&rft.atitle=A+Grammatical+Dictionary+of+Botanical+Latin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mobot.org%2Fmobot%2Flatindict%2FkeyDetail.aspx%3FkeyWord%3Dexsiccata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/145692/">"Herbarium. Organ zur Förderung des Austausches wissenschaftlicher Exsiccatensammlungen I, no. 1-50"</a>. <i>BHL, Herbarium. Band I, no. 1-50</i>. Biodiversity Heritage Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BHL%2C+Herbarium.+Band+I%2C+no.+1-50&rft.atitle=Herbarium.+Organ+zur+F%C3%B6rderung+des+Austausches+wissenschaftlicher+Exsiccatensammlungen+I%2C+no.+1-50&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F145692%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:4-5992">"Herbarium. Organ zur Förderung des Austausches wissenschaftlicher Exsiccatensammlungen I, no. 1-37 + II, no. 51-86"</a>. <i>Frankfurt/M: Univ.-Bibl., Herbarium. Band I, no. 1-37 + Band II, no. 51-86</i>. Universitätsbibliothek J.C. Senckenberg Frankfurt am Main<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frankfurt%2FM%3A+Univ.-Bibl.%2C+Herbarium.+Band+I%2C+no.+1-37+%2B+Band+II%2C+no.+51-86&rft.atitle=Herbarium.+Organ+zur+F%C3%B6rderung+des+Austausches+wissenschaftlicher+Exsiccatensammlungen+I%2C+no.+1-37+%2B+II%2C+no.+51-86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de%2Furn%3Anbn%3Ade%3Ahebis%3A30%3A4-5992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExsiccata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meyer, K. F. 1982. Kräuterbücher, Herbaria und botanische Prachtwerke – Historische Schätze im Herbarium Haussknecht der FSU. In: Reichtümer und Raritäten, Band II: Kulturhistorische Sammlungen, Museen, Archive, Denkmale, und Gärten der FSU. Jenaer Reden und Schriften 1981, FSU.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exsiccata&oldid=1278272359">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exsiccata&oldid=1278272359</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Herbaria" title="Category:Herbaria">Herbaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Botany" title="Category:Botany">Botany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lichenology" title="Category:Lichenology">Lichenology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bryology" title="Category:Bryology">Bryology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mycology" title="Category:Mycology">Mycology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_mycology" title="Category:History of mycology">History of mycology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phycology" title="Category:Phycology">Phycology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_botany" title="Category:History of botany">History of botany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Botanical_literature" title="Category:Botanical literature">Botanical literature</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_November_2022" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from November 2022">Articles lacking reliable references from November 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 March 2025, at 13:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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