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<b>"Hesiod" Cooke</b>, was an active English translator and author who ran afoul of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a> and was mentioned as one of the "dunces" in Pope's <i><a href="/wiki/Dunciad" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunciad">Dunciad</a>.</i> His father was an innkeeper. He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Felsted_School" title="Felsted School">Felsted</a>. Cooke arrived in London in 1722 and began working as a writer for the <a href="/wiki/British_Whig_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="British Whig Party">Whig</a> causes. He associated with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tickell" title="Thomas Tickell">Thomas Tickell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Philips" title="Ambrose Philips">Ambrose Philips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Welsted" title="Leonard Welsted">Leonard Welsted</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Steele" title="Richard Steele">Richard Steele</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Dennis_(dramatist)" title="John Dennis (dramatist)">John Dennis</a>. Cooke is the source of one of the primary biographies of John Dennis, which he wrote in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battles_with_Alexander_Pope">Battles with Alexander Pope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cooke_(author)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Battles with Alexander Pope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cooke did a great deal of first-rate translation from Latin and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a>. His first publication was an elegy on the death of the highly contentious <a href="/wiki/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough">Marlborough</a> in 1722. He followed that with a <a href="/wiki/Masque" title="Masque">masque</a> entitled <i>Albion</i> in 1724. His most famous production was <i>The Battle of the Poets</i> in 1725. This was a reworking of the trope of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Lutrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Lutrin (page does not exist)">Le Lutrin</a></i> that had been used by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_the_Books" title="The Battle of the Books">The Battle of the Books</a>.</i> Where Swift had had classical authors and Tory authors sweeping the field of their whig and modern commentators, Cooke had "moderns" and whig authors defeating Alexander Pope and other "tory" authors. That same year, he published an essay in the <i>Daily Journal</i> examining the <a href="/wiki/Thersites" title="Thersites">Thersites</a> section of Pope's <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> which showed many faults of translation. In 1726, he wrote <i>The Bath, or, The Knights of the Bath.</i> In 1728, Cooke demonstrated his command of Greek with the first translation of <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a> into English, and he became known as "Hesiod Cooke." The same year, he wrote an opera with <a href="/wiki/John_Mottley" title="John Mottley">John Mottley</a> entitled <i>Penelope.</i> </p><p>Pope, therefore, developed a character of Cooke for <i>Dunciad.</i> Cooke heard about this and wrote two letters of apology. He appeared in <i>Dunciad</i> anyway. In response, Cooke reissued <i>The Battle of the Poets</i> and the <i>Daily Journal</i> essay in 1729 in his <i>Tales, Epistles, Odes, Fables, &c.</i> He also wrote several letters for the <i>London Journal</i> in 1729–1730 and issued those as a book dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Horace_Walpole" title="Horace Walpole">Horace Walpole</a> (son of the divisive prime minister) in 1731. Pope took another jab at Cooke in his <i>Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot</i> in 1735 (l. 146). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terence_and_Cicero">Terence and Cicero</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cooke_(author)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Terence and Cicero"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from his entry into the controversies with Pope, Cooke continued to publish. He produced an edition of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marvell" title="Andrew Marvell">Andrew Marvell</a>'s poems. In 1731, he published <i><a href="/wiki/The_Triumphs_of_Love_and_Honour" title="The Triumphs of Love and Honour">The Triumphs of Love and Honour</a></i>, with a long essay on the usefulness of the English stage. Later, he wrote a book of <i>Odes,</i> a <i>Life of King Edward III of England</i> in 1734, and essays for the <i>Weekly Oracle</i> on <a href="/wiki/Phalaris" title="Phalaris">Phalaris</a>. In 1734, he produced a three-volume translation of the plays of <a href="/wiki/Terence" title="Terence">Terence</a>, and in 1737 an edition of <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>'s <i>De natura deorum</i> with an extensive critical apparatus. Also in 1737, he produced a play based on Terence called <i>The Eunuch.</i> Two years later, he wrote and published a play called <i>The Mournful Nuptials</i> which was not acted until 1743 (as <i><a href="/wiki/Love_the_Cause_and_Cure_of_Grief" title="Love the Cause and Cure of Grief">Love the Cause and Cure of Grief</a></i>). In 1741, he produced a partial translation of <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, with notes. </p><p>In 1742, Cooke took part in <a href="/wiki/Colley_Cibber" title="Colley Cibber">Colley Cibber</a>'s fight over control of the theaters. He wrote <i>The Bays Miscellany, or, Colley Triumphant.</i> He also wrote dialog for the mute plays of <a href="/wiki/John_Rich_(producer)" title="John Rich (producer)">John Rich</a> and Cibber's <i>Harlequin.</i> In 1744, he adapted his <i>Le Lutrin</i> piece as <i>The Battle of the Poets</i> as a one-act play to be inserted into <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fielding" title="Henry Fielding">Henry Fielding</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Thumb" title="Tom Thumb">Tom Thumb</a>.</i> Finally, in 1754, he produced a single volume of a planned series of the works of <a href="/wiki/Plautus" title="Plautus">Plautus</a>. He had gathered up an enormous subscription (713 names) for the publication, and this, in fact, furnished his living expenses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Money_troubles">Money troubles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cooke_(author)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Money troubles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cooke was always short of funds and wrote to pay the bills. He was also decidedly political. In 1741 he edited an edition of <i>The Craftsman,</i> <a href="/wiki/Henry_St._John,_1st_Viscount_Bolingbroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry St. John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke">Bolingbroke's</a> journal. In 1748, he was brought up on a <a href="/wiki/Libel" class="mw-redirect" title="Libel">libel</a> charge for criticism he made of the Pelham administration. The same year, he also wrote a public letter encouraging religious toleration. </p><p>He died in poverty on 29 December 1756, leaving a wife named Anne and a daughter named Elizabeth. Elizabeth died two years later, in a <a href="/wiki/Workhouse" title="Workhouse">workhouse</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cooke_(author)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1725_in_literature" title="1725 in literature">1725 in literature</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cooke_(author)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSherbo" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sherbo, Arthur. "Cooke, Thomas". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. Vol. 13 (online ed.). 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