CINXE.COM
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class=" story nytapp-vi-article " xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title data-rh="true">Opinion | Dry January Is Driving Me to Drink - The New York Times</title> <meta data-rh="true" name="robots" content="noarchive, max-image-preview:large"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Do or do not, as Yoda might say. But please shut up about it, as I definitely would say."/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:title" content="Opinion | Dry January Is Driving Me to Drink"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:description" content="Do or do not, as Yoda might say. But please shut up about it, as I definitely would say."/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-videoSixteenByNine3000.jpg"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image:alt" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Opinion | Dry January Is Driving Me to Drink"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-facebookJumbo-v2.jpg"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image:alt" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Do or do not, as Yoda might say. But please shut up about it, as I definitely would say."/> <link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html"/><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="nyt://article/bc09ff5f-b8f1-52f9-ae69-f7b5b9bb0bfb"/><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.nytimes.com/svc/oembed/json/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F01%2F14%2Fopinion%2Fdry-january-social-media-sober.html" title="Dry January Is Driving Me to Drink"/> <script data-rh="true" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html","description":"Do or do not, as Yoda might say. But please shut up about it, as I definitely would say.","image":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg","height":899,"width":1600,"contentUrl":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg","creditText":"Photo Illustration by Marzena Abrahamik"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-googleFourByThree.jpg","height":600,"width":800,"contentUrl":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-googleFourByThree.jpg","creditText":"Photo Illustration by Marzena Abrahamik"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg","height":1798,"width":1800,"contentUrl":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg","creditText":"Photo Illustration by Marzena Abrahamik"}],"mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html","url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html","inLanguage":"en","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","url":"https://www.nytimes.com/by/tressie-mcmillan-cottom","name":"Tressie McMillan Cottom"}],"dateModified":"2025-01-14T20:00:26.000Z","datePublished":"2025-01-14T20:00:26.000Z","headline":"Opinion | Dry January Is Driving Me to Drink","alternativeHeadline":"Opinion | Dry January Is Driving Me to Drink","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.nytimes.com/#publisher","name":"The New York Times"},"hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".meteredContent"},"isPartOf":{"@type":["CreativeWork","Product"],"name":"The New York Times","productID":"nytimes.com:basic"},"comment":{"@id":"#commentsContainer"},"commentCount":575,"copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https://www.nytimes.com/#publisher","name":"The New York Times"},"sourceOrganization":{"@id":"https://www.nytimes.com/#publisher","name":"The New York Times"},"copyrightYear":2025,"isAccessibleForFree":false,"articleSection":"Opinion","keywords":["Alcoholic Beverages","Alcohol Abuse","Loneliness","Medicine and Health","Cannabis Foods and Products","Social Media"]}</script><script data-rh="true" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"The New York Times","logo":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/t_logo_291_black.png","height":291,"width":291,"contentUrl":"https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/t_logo_291_black.png","creditText":"The New York Times"},"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/","@id":"https://www.nytimes.com/#publisher","publishingPrinciples":"https://www.nytimes.com/editorial-standards/ethical-journalism.html","diversityPolicy":"https://www.nytco.com/company/diversity-and-inclusion/","ethicsPolicy":"https://www.nytco.com/company/standards-ethics/","masthead":"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/01/28/admin/the-new-york-times-masthead.html","foundingDate":"1851-09-18","sameAs":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times"}</script> <meta data-rh="true" property="article:published_time" content="2025-01-14T20:00:26.000Z"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:modified_time" content="2025-01-14T20:00:26.000Z"/><meta data-rh="true" http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en"/><meta data-rh="true" name="articleid" content="100000009919957"/><meta data-rh="true" name="nyt_uri" content="nyt://article/bc09ff5f-b8f1-52f9-ae69-f7b5b9bb0bfb"/><meta data-rh="true" name="pubp_event_id" content="pubp://event/d0da82a937b945bb8e687abf9d96a303"/><meta data-rh="true" name="image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-facebookJumbo-v2.jpg"/><meta data-rh="true" name="byl" content="By Tressie McMillan Cottom"/><meta data-rh="true" name="news_keywords" content="Alcohol,Alcohol abuse,Loneliness,disesases;health;illness;medicine,Cannabis Foods and Products,Social Media"/><meta data-rh="true" name="pdate" content="20250114"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:section" content="Opinion"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:author" content="https://www.nytimes.com/by/tressie-mcmillan-cottom"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Alcoholic Beverages"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Alcohol Abuse"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Loneliness"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Medicine and Health"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Cannabis Foods and Products"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:tag" content="Social Media"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:opinion" content="true"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:content_tier" content="metered"/><meta data-rh="true" name="CG" content="opinion"/><meta data-rh="true" name="SCG" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" name="CN" content="tressie-mcmillan-cottom"/><meta data-rh="true" name="CT" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" name="PT" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" name="PST" content="Op-Ed"/><meta data-rh="true" name="url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html"/><meta data-rh="true" name="msapplication-starturl" content="https://www.nytimes.com"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:url" content="nyt://article/bc09ff5f-b8f1-52f9-ae69-f7b5b9bb0bfb"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:package" content="com.nytimes.android"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:app_name" content="NYTimes"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="NYTimes"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.nytimes.android"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:url:googleplay" content="nyt://article/bc09ff5f-b8f1-52f9-ae69-f7b5b9bb0bfb"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:iphone:url" content="nytimes://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:iphone:app_store_id" content="284862083"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:iphone:app_name" content="NYTimes"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ipad:url" content="nytimes://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ipad:app_store_id" content="357066198"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ipad:app_name" content="NYTimes"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="9869919170" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@nytimes" /> <meta name="slack-app-id" content="A0121HXPPTQ" /> <script>(function Kn(e){if(new URL(window.location).searchParams.get("sentryOverride")||Math.floor(100*Math.random())<=e){var t=['<script src="https://js.sentry-cdn.com/7bc8bccf5c254286a99b11c68f6bf4ce.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous">',"<","/script>"].join("");document.write(t)}})(1);</script><script>(function $n(e){var t=e.release,n=e.env,a=e.routeName,i=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment||{},r=i.isPreloaded,o=void 0!==r&&r,l="IOS"===i.deviceType;if(window.Sentry){var s=function(){window.Sentry.init({maxBreadcrumbs:c,release:t,environment:n,allowUrls:u,ignoreErrors:d,beforeSend:function(e,t){var n=t.originalException;return n&&n.stack&&n.stack.includes("datadog-rum")?null:e},initialScope:function(e){e.setTags({"nyt.route":a});var t=/nyt-a=(.*?)(;|$)/.exec(document.cookie);null!==t&&e.setUser({id:t[1]});try{if(o){var n,i,r=window.asset||{},s=r.eventId,c=void 0===s?"":s,d=r.uri,u=void 0===d?"":d,f=r.url,p=void 0===f?"":f,m=r.sourceType,g=void 0===m?"":m,h=r.sourceId,v=void 0===h?"":h;c&&e.setTag("eventId",c),u&&e.setTag("uri",u),p&&e.setTag("url",p),g&&e.setTag("sourceType",g),v&&e.setTag("sourceId",v),e.setExtra("visibilityState",document.visibilityState),null!==(n=window)&&void 0!==n&&null!==(i=n.performance)&&void 0!==i&&i.timeOrigin&&e.setExtra("timeOrigin",window.performance.timeOrigin),e.setTag("type","preloaded-webview")}else e.setTag("type","browser");var b=function(){var t=window.config||{},n=t.AppVersion,a=void 0===n?"":n,i=t.ConnectionStatus,r=void 0===i?3:i,o=t.LoggedIn,l=void 0!==o&&o,s=t.Subscriber,c=void 0!==s&&s;null==e||e.setTag("AppVersion",a),null==e||e.setTag("ConnectionStatus",r),null==e||e.setTag("LoggedIn",l),null==e||e.setTag("Subscriber",c)};l?window.addEventListener("initWebview:ios",b):b()}catch(e){console.error(e)}return e},replaysSessionSampleRate:0,replaysOnErrorSampleRate:.01,integrations:[window.Sentry.browserTracingIntegration({enableInp:!0,instrumentNavigation:!1,instrumentPageLoad:!1})]});var e=window.Sentry.getClient(),i={};i[window.Sentry.SEMANTIC_ATTRIBUTE_SENTRY_SOURCE]="url",window.Sentry.startBrowserTracingPageLoadSpan(e,{name:a,attributes:i})},c=70,d=["2mdn","ads-us","amazon-adsystem","amp4ads","ampproject","bk_addPageCtx","boomerang","BOOMR","cb is not a function","chartbeat","google_tag_manager","gsi","gtm","prebid","pubads","scorecardresearch","setConfig is not a function","webkitExitFullScreen","yimg","reading 'campaign'","Object.fromEntries is not a function"];o&&(d=d.concat(["Failed to fetch","Load failed","Something went wrong","Unexpected EOF","The request is not allowed by the user agent","scrollIntoView","No weather-bot homepage data available","UnhandledRejection: Non-Error promise rejection captured with value: false","VHS is currently showing this error message on-screen.","useMessageSelection","messageComponentLibrary"]));var u=[/^https?:\/\/(vi-pr-.*|www|vi|local|alpha|alpha-preview)\.(stg\.|dev\.)?(nytimes\.com|nyt\.net)/];window.Sentry.onLoad(s),window.__isUnitTestEnv&&(window.__testSentryOnload=s)}})({"release":"879071da9db62e366a44b09e91e545990df7cced","env":"prd","routeName":"vi-story","allowUrls":[{}]});</script> <script> (function qn(){var e,t,n,a,i;e=window,t=document,n="script",a="https://www.datadoghq-browser-agent.com/us1/v5/datadog-rum.js",e=e[i="DD_RUM"]=e[i]||{q:[],onReady:function(t){e.q.push(t)}},(i=t.createElement(n)).async=1,i.src=a,(a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0]).parentNode.insertBefore(i,a)})(); (function Qn(e){var t=e.service,n=e.env,a=e.version,i=e.sessionSampleRate,r=e.deploymentId,o=e.routeName,l=e.tenant;if(window.DD_RUM){var s=function(){var e={clientToken:"pube5bf68ea68edb54c35106f34e32ff07c",applicationId:"7d0602a0-8ef8-4d39-985b-c3188887e5b3",site:"datadoghq.com",service:"".concat(t,"-client"),env:n,version:a,sessionSampleRate:parseInt(i,10),sessionReplaySampleRate:v,trackUserInteractions:!0,trackResources:!0,trackLongTasks:!0,trackViewsManually:!0,defaultPrivacyLevel:"mask-user-input",allowedTracingUrls:m,traceSampleRate:20,useCrossSiteSessionCookie:!0,useSecureSessionCookie:!0};u&&(e=Object.assign(e,h)),window.DD_RUM.init(e);var s="web";u&&(s=window.config&&window.config.OS&&"ANDROID"===window.config.OS.toUpperCase()?"android":"ios");var c={billing:{environment:n,deployment:{id:r}},dvsp:{tenant:l},route:{name:o},webview:p,preloaded:u,appType:s};u&&(c=Object.assign(c,g)),window.DD_RUM.setGlobalContextProperty("nyt",c),window.DD_RUM.startView({name:o});var d=/nyt-a=(.*?)(;|$)/.exec(document.cookie);if(null!==d&&window.DD_RUM.setUser({id:d[1]}),u){var f=(window.asset||{}).url,b=void 0===f?"":f;window.DD_RUM.setGlobalContextProperty("url",b);var y=window.getNativeBridgeCookie("nyt-a");y&&window.DD_RUM.setUser({id:y})}},c=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment||{},d=c.isPreloaded,u=void 0!==d&&d,f=c.isInWebview,p=void 0!==f&&f,m=[/https:\/\/samizdat-graphql.*\.nytimes\.com/],g={},h={},v=100;u&&(m=[/[https|http|nytresource]:\/\/.*\.nytimes\.com/,/[https|http|nytresource]:\/\/.*\.nyt\.com/],g={team:"web-platforms"},v=0,h={trackFrustrations:!0,allowFallbackToLocalStorage:!0}),window.DD_RUM.onReady(s),window.__isUnitTestEnv&&(window.__testDataDogOnReady=s)}})({"service":"vi","env":"prd","version":"vi-newsreader@v6737-879071d","sessionSampleRate":"1","deploymentId":"aws-491988406224","routeName":"vi-story","tenant":"web-platforms"}); </script> <link data-rh="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="/vi-assets/static-assets/favicon-d2483f10ef688e6f89e23806b9700298.ico"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/vi-assets/static-assets/apple-touch-icon-28865b72953380a40aa43318108876cb.png"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144×144" href="/vi-assets/static-assets/ios-ipad-144x144-28865b72953380a40aa43318108876cb.png"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114×114" href="/vi-assets/static-assets/ios-iphone-114x144-080e7ec6514fdc62bcbb7966d9b257d2.png"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/vi-assets/static-assets/ios-default-homescreen-57x57-43808a4cd5333b648057a01624d84960.png"/> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://g1.nyt.com" crossorigin="anonymous"/> <link href="https://g1.nyt.com/fonts/css/web-fonts.a65411eeb1ab091c1b7eaa3047f86dabe8355f0e.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" crossorigin /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/vi-assets/static-assets/global-75f713f5ef71fb15f77ecbb55c1f03b7.css" /> <style>[data-timezone] { display: none }</style> <style data-lights-css="val7tc tvfu69 k008qs 63woee 1dv1kvn qebcue j184jz 8atqhb wsvg60 1hyfx7x uc4bdz 1jmk4jh 1e1s8k7 1qa4qp6 13mf4b4 79elbk 35ezg3 vxcmzt 1eeh360 1re6eyk 1mlnk6q 2urdiw 1p1ifrm 1yhvmgx 9puba2 1atjma0 68l2z5 1nurhyi yywogo 93zicp 12fr9lp 18z7m18 ec8ke8 1hqnpie 10habuo rnl02l 1u4hfeb 1po1uvd tvohiw b4nnp0 bgaqcm 777zgl rfqw0c twqvxd 15owey8 1s9y8so 42igfv 11ux3av 1xb94ky uwwqev 121kum4 171quhb asuuk5 7axq9l 6yo1no z5ryv4 p6m5rf 1q4bl9o 1von7hd b8gc4a 1xny6fl 3pg3bk 1wy7vlv uepebd 14h5vr8 1r7ky0e ew4tgv s99gbd 53u6y8 1ly73wi ktho12 1vkm6nb 14fe1uy 1gqes1i at9mc1 sxwst7 1d02gzt 1bymuyk 10xu8a0 1ch6mhx 10698na ijmohz 1npft71 c5j6tx vfkorq 1bvtpon wqhysl yomkvi ui2i83 atthsv zd9juy 10d8k1f eap6fy 1vxca1d 1aeqhal 1ho5u4o t8x4fj a7htku nlqgyf rq4mmj ojhyzr 1336jj 1g71tqy 1b5b8u1 3kpklk hzk0yq qznc1j 1ca3kv7 kx0gap ki3vv6 cfyeo7 8gwjun s8u3w2 1khwk7e t91cuf 1w5zm64 owy2rv ehpuw4 1tx0lhj 1npznau 2fg4z9 1r1uk6u duration name 5j8bii delay timing-function">@-webkit-keyframes animation-5j8bii{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}@keyframes animation-5j8bii{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}.SP_commentsRefactor_1224_1_New .comments-button-container{display:none;}.SP_commentsRefactor_1224_1_New .comments-button-container-v2{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;}.SP_commentsRefactor_1224_1_New .big-bottom-button-v2{display:block;}.css-k008qs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.css-63woee{-webkit-animation:spin 0.8s steps(10,end) infinite;animation:spin 0.8s steps(10,end) infinite;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion){.css-63woee{-webkit-animation-duration:10s;animation-duration:10s;}}@-webkit-keyframes spin{100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);-ms-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg);}}@keyframes spin{100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);-ms-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg);}}.css-1dv1kvn{border:0;-webkit-clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;}.css-qebcue{display:none;font-size:10px;margin-left:auto;text-transform:uppercase;}.hasLinks .css-qebcue{display:block;min-height:10px;}@media (min-width:740px){return!e.theme.isIntlHomepage.hasLinks .css-qebcue function(e).hasLinks .css-qebcue function(e)!e.theme.homepage.hasLinks .css-qebcue function(e).hasLinks .css-qebcue function(e){margin:"none",position:"absolute",right:"20px";}}@media (min-width:1024px){.hasLinks .css-qebcue{display:none;min-height:0;}}.css-j184jz{display:inline-block;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;-webkit-transition:color 0.6s ease;transition:color 0.6s ease;color:#121212;}.css-j184jz:hover{color:#666666;}.css-8atqhb{width:100%;}.css-wsvg60{border:0;-webkit-clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;border-radius:3px;cursor:pointer;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;-webkit-transition:ease 0.6s;transition:ease 0.6s;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;background-color:transparent;color:#000;font-size:11px;line-height:11px;font-weight:700;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.02em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.02em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.02em;letter-spacing:0.02em;padding:11px 12px 8px;background:#ffffff;display:inline-block;left:44px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;z-index:5;}.css-wsvg60:active,.css-wsvg60:focus{-webkit-clip:auto;clip:auto;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;}.css-wsvg60::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0;}.css-wsvg60:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted;}.css-wsvg60:disabled,.css-wsvg60.disabled{opacity:0.5;cursor:default;}.css-wsvg60:active,.css-wsvg60.active{background-color:#f7f7f7;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-wsvg60:hover{background-color:#f7f7f7;}}.css-wsvg60:focus{margin-top:3px;padding:8px 8px 6px;}@media (max-width:600px){.css-wsvg60:focus{margin-top:12px;margin-left:9px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-wsvg60{left:112px;}}.css-1hyfx7x{display:none;}.css-uc4bdz{min-height:269px;}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-uc4bdz{min-height:431.5px;}}.NYTApp .css-uc4bdz{display:none;}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-1jmk4jh{margin:0 auto;max-width:1200px;padding:0 3% 9px;}}.NYTApp .css-1jmk4jh{display:none;}@media print{.css-1jmk4jh{display:none;}}.css-1e1s8k7{font-size:11px;text-align:center;padding-bottom:25px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1e1s8k7{padding:0 3% 9px;}}.css-1e1s8k7.dockVisible{padding-bottom:45px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1e1s8k7.dockVisible{padding:0 3% 45px;}}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-1e1s8k7{margin:0 auto;max-width:1200px;}}.NYTApp .css-1e1s8k7{display:none;}@media print{.css-1e1s8k7{display:none;}}.css-1qa4qp6{border-top:1px solid #ebebeb;padding-top:9px;margin:0 0 35px;}.css-13mf4b4{color:#666666;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;padding:10px 0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;}.css-13mf4b4:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-79elbk{position:relative;}.css-35ezg3{font-weight:600;}.css-vxcmzt{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;}.css-1eeh360{height:auto;width:auto;border-radius:30px;}.css-1eeh360:focus{outline:none;box-shadow:0 0 4px 1px rgb(0 95 204);}@supports selector(:focus-visible){.css-1eeh360:focus{box-shadow:none;}.css-1eeh360:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 0 4px 1px rgb(0 95 204);}}.css-1re6eyk{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:0.75rem;margin-top:auto;}.css-1mlnk6q{border-radius:30px;padding:6px;padding:8px 10px 7px;display:inline-block;}@media (max-width:600px){.css-1mlnk6q{padding:8px 7px 7px;}}.css-1mlnk6q svg path{fill:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);}.css-2urdiw{vertical-align:middle;margin-top:-1px;margin-right:5px;overflow:visible;}.css-1p1ifrm{-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;vertical-align:initial;border-radius:30px;background-color:transparent;border:none;bottom:0.05rem;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:500;height:auto;width:auto;line-height:1rem;overflow:visible;position:relative;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-1p1ifrm:hover,.css-1p1ifrm:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-color:#cccccc;}.css-1yhvmgx{height:auto;width:auto;border:solid 1px var(--color-stroke-quaternary,#DFDFDF);background-color:var(--color-background-primary,#FFFFFF);border-radius:30px;font-size:0.75rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-1yhvmgx:hover{background-color:var(--color-background-tertiary,#EBEBEB);border:1px solid var(--color-background-tertiary,#EBEBEB);}.css-1yhvmgx .hiddenClass{display:none;}.css-1yhvmgx[aria-checked='true'] .saved-fill{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-1yhvmgx[aria-checked='true'] .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-1yhvmgx[aria-checked='false'] .saved-fill{fill:none;}.css-1yhvmgx[aria-checked='false'] .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-1yhvmgx[aria-busy='true']{cursor:default;background-color:var(--color-background-tertiary,#EBEBEB);}.css-9puba2{-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;vertical-align:initial;border-radius:30px;background-color:transparent;border:none;bottom:0.05rem;cursor:pointer;display:none;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:500;height:auto;width:auto;line-height:1rem;overflow:visible;position:relative;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-9puba2:hover,.css-9puba2:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-color:#cccccc;}.css-1atjma0{padding:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}@media (max-width:424px){.css-1atjma0{margin-left:-9px;margin-right:-20px;}}.css-68l2z5{color:#999999;display:inline;margin-right:12px;width:100%;}.css-68l2z5 > a,.css-68l2z5 > button{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-68l2z5 > a:focus,.css-68l2z5 > button:focus{display:inline-block;outline:none;box-shadow:0 0 2px 1px rgb(0 95 204);}@supports selector(:focus-visible){.css-68l2z5 > a:focus,.css-68l2z5 > button:focus{box-shadow:none;}.css-68l2z5 > a:focus-visible,.css-68l2z5 > button:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 0 2px 1px rgb(0 95 204);}}.css-68l2z5 > a:focus{border-radius:100%;}@media (max-width:424px){.css-68l2z5{margin-right:6px;}}.css-68l2z5:last-of-type{margin-right:0;}.css-1nurhyi{height:auto;width:auto;border-radius:100%;background-color:transparent;}.css-yywogo{color:var(--color-signal-editorial,#326891);}.css-yywogo:visited{color:var(--color-signal-editorial,#326891);}.css-93zicp{display:none;}@media (min-width:375px){.css-93zicp{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:16px;height:31px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-93zicp{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:16px;height:31px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-93zicp{display:none;}}@media print{.css-93zicp{display:none;}}.css-12fr9lp{height:23px;margin-top:6px;}.css-18z7m18{display:none;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-18z7m18{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:0;}}@media print{.css-18z7m18{display:block;}}.css-ec8ke8{display:none;}@media (min-width:375px){.css-ec8ke8{position:fixed;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;opacity:0;z-index:1;-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;width:100%;height:32.063px;background:white;padding:5px 0;top:0;text-align:center;font-family:nyt-cheltenham,cheltenham-fallback-georgia,cheltenham-fallback-noto,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,0.08) 0 0 5px 1px;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e2e2;}}@media print{.css-ec8ke8{position:relative;border:none;display:inline-block;opacity:1 !important;visibility:visible !important;}}@media (max-width:739px){.NYTApp .css-ec8ke8{display:none;}}.css-1hqnpie{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;max-width:1605px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;position:relative;width:100%;}@media (min-width:1360px){.css-1hqnpie{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;}}@media (min-width:1780px){.css-1hqnpie{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media print{.css-1hqnpie{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-10habuo{display:none;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-10habuo{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;max-width:1605px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:50%;margin-left:calc((100% - 50%) / 2);}}@media (min-width:740px){.NYTApp .css-10habuo{width:90%;margin-left:calc((100% - 90%) / 2);}@media (min-width:1024px){.NYTApp .css-10habuo{width:63%;margin-left:calc((100% - 63%) / 2);}}}@media print{.css-10habuo{display:none;}}.css-rnl02l{font-family:nyt-cheltenham-small,georgia,'times new roman';font-weight:400;font-size:13px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.015em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.015em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.015em;letter-spacing:0.015em;margin-top:10.5px;margin-bottom:10.5px;margin-right:auto;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;}.css-1u4hfeb{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:0.75rem;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-letter-spacing:0;-moz-letter-spacing:0;-ms-letter-spacing:0;letter-spacing:0;margin-top:12.5px;margin-bottom:auto;margin-left:auto;white-space:nowrap;}.css-1u4hfeb:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1po1uvd{display:inline-block;padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;font-size:13px;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:auto;color:#cccccc;}.css-tvohiw{margin-top:-1px;margin-bottom:auto;margin-left:auto;z-index:50;box-shadow:-14px 2px 7px -2px rgba(255,255,255,0.7);}.css-b4nnp0{margin-top:1px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-b4nnp0{margin-top:0;}}.css-bgaqcm{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;color:#cccccc !important;border-left:1px solid #cccccc;margin-left:10px;padding:10px;display:none;}@media print{.css-bgaqcm{display:inline-block;}}.css-777zgl{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;-webkit-clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip:rect(0 0 0 0);overflow:hidden;text-align:center;}.css-777zgl:focus-visible{background-color:#fff;border-radius:3px;height:auto;width:auto;-webkit-clip:auto;clip:auto;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.6875rem;font-weight:700;left:50%;padding:8px 8px 6px;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%);top:5px;}.css-rfqw0c{text-align:center;height:100%;display:block;}.css-twqvxd{color:#cccccc;display:none;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.5625rem;font-weight:300;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.05rem;-moz-letter-spacing:0.05rem;-ms-letter-spacing:0.05rem;letter-spacing:0.05rem;line-height:0.5625rem;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-twqvxd{display:inline-block;}}.css-twqvxd p{margin-bottom:auto;margin-right:7px;margin-top:auto;text-transform:none;}.css-15owey8{color:#cccccc;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.5625rem;font-weight:300;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.05rem;-moz-letter-spacing:0.05rem;-ms-letter-spacing:0.05rem;letter-spacing:0.05rem;line-height:0.5625rem;margin-bottom:9px;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-1s9y8so{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:600px;width:calc(100% - 40px);}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1s9y8so{margin-left:calc((100% - 600px) / 2);margin-right:auto;width:600px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-1s9y8so{margin-left:calc((100% - 600px) / 2);max-width:600px;width:600px;}}@media print{.css-1s9y8so{display:none;}}.css-42igfv{margin:auto;}.css-11ux3av{color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);fill:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);}.sizeSmall .css-1xb94ky{width:50%;}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeSmall .css-1xb94ky{width:300px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.sizeSmall .css-1xb94ky{width:300px;}}@media (max-width:600px){.sizeSmall .css-1xb94ky{width:50%;}}.sizeSmall.sizeSmallNoCaption .css-1xb94ky{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeSmall.layoutVertical .css-1xb94ky{max-width:250px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.sizeSmall.layoutVertical .css-1xb94ky{width:250px;}}@media (max-width:740px){.sizeSmall.layoutVertical .css-1xb94ky{max-width:250px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeSmall.layoutHorizontal .css-1xb94ky{max-width:300px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.sizeSmall.layoutHorizontal .css-1xb94ky{width:300px;}}@media (max-width:740px){.sizeSmall.layoutHorizontal .css-1xb94ky{max-width:300px;}}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeMedium.layoutVertical.verticalVideo .css-1xb94ky{width:420px;}}.css-uwwqev{width:100%;height:100%;}.css-121kum4{width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.css-171quhb{background:linear-gradient(180deg,hsla(0,0%,100%,0),#ffffff);position:relative;height:110px;margin-top:-126px;width:100%;}.css-asuuk5{height:170px;}.css-7axq9l{display:grid;grid-row-gap:24px;justify-items:center;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;padding:32px 0 40px 0;}.css-6yo1no{display:grid;grid-row-gap:8px;text-align:center;}.css-z5ryv4{color:#121212;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-p6m5rf{margin:1.25rem 0 0;}.css-1q4bl9o{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:48%;-ms-flex:48%;flex:48%;}@media (max-width:424px){.css-1q4bl9o{margin-left:-9px;}}.css-1von7hd{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:48%;-ms-flex:48%;flex:48%;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;}.css-b8gc4a{color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:100%;}.css-1xny6fl{background:none;margin-right:10px;width:32px;height:32px;}@media (hover:hover){.css-1xny6fl:hover{background-color:var(--color-background-tertiary,#EBEBEB);border-radius:32px;}.css-1xny6fl:focus-visible{background-color:var(--color-background-tertiary,#EBEBEB);border-radius:32px;}}.css-3pg3bk{width:32px;height:32px;}.css-3pg3bk:focus{border-radius:32px;}.css-1wy7vlv{fill:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);}.css-uepebd{width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:10px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:500;}.css-14h5vr8{margin-left:5px;font-weight:300;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-14h5vr8 a{color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);}.css-14h5vr8:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1r7ky0e .e6idgb70 + .e1h9rw200{margin-top:0;}.css-1r7ky0e .eoo0vm40 + .e1gnsphs0{margin-top:-0.3em;}.css-1r7ky0e .e6idgb70 + .eoo0vm40{margin-top:0;}.css-1r7ky0e .eoo0vm40 + figure{margin-top:1.2rem;}.css-1r7ky0e .e1gnsphs0 + figure{margin-top:1.2rem;}.css-ew4tgv{display:none;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-ew4tgv{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-right:0;margin-left:auto;width:130px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-ew4tgv{width:210px;}}@media print{.css-ew4tgv{display:none;}}.css-s99gbd{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;margin-bottom:1rem;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-s99gbd{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;height:100%;width:945px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-s99gbd{width:1110px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1280px){.css-s99gbd{width:1170px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-s99gbd{width:1200px;}}@media print{.css-s99gbd{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media print{.css-s99gbd{margin-bottom:1em;display:block;}}.css-53u6y8{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-53u6y8{margin-left:calc((100% - 600px) / 2);margin-right:0;width:600px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-53u6y8{max-width:600px;width:600px;margin-left:calc((100% - 600px) / 2);}}@media print{.css-53u6y8{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-1ly73wi{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;-webkit-clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip:rect(0 0 0 0);overflow:hidden;}.css-ktho12{color:var(--color-content-quaternary,#727272);font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;margin:10px 20px 0;text-align:left;}.css-ktho12 a{color:var(--color-signal-editorial,#326891);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-ktho12 a:hover,.css-ktho12 a:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-ktho12{margin-left:0;}}.sizeSmall .css-ktho12{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:calc(50% - 15px);margin:auto 0 15px 15px;}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeSmall .css-ktho12{width:260px;margin-left:15px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeSmall .css-ktho12{margin-left:15px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.sizeSmall .css-ktho12{width:330px;margin-left:15px;}}@media (max-width:600px){.sizeSmall .css-ktho12{margin:auto 0 0 15px;}}.sizeSmall.sizeSmallNoCaption .css-ktho12{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:10px;}.sizeMedium .css-ktho12{max-width:900px;}.sizeSmall.layoutVertical.verticalVideo .css-ktho12{margin:0 0 auto 16px;}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeSmall.layoutVertical.verticalVideo .css-ktho12{margin:auto 0 auto 16px;}}.sizeMedium.layoutVertical.verticalVideo .css-ktho12{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:calc(100% - 40px);}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeMedium.layoutVertical.verticalVideo .css-ktho12{width:100%;}}.sizeLarge .css-ktho12{max-width:none;}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeLarge .css-ktho12{margin-left:20px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeLarge .css-ktho12{margin-left:20px;max-width:900px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.sizeLarge .css-ktho12{margin-left:0;max-width:720px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.sizeLarge .css-ktho12{margin-left:0;max-width:900px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeLarge.layoutVertical .css-ktho12{margin-left:0;}}.sizeFull .css-ktho12{margin-left:20px;}@media (min-width:600px){.sizeFull .css-ktho12{max-width:900px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.sizeFull .css-ktho12{max-width:900px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.sizeFull .css-ktho12{max-width:900px;}}@media print{.css-ktho12{display:none;}}.css-14fe1uy{display:inline;color:var(--color-content-quaternary,#727272);font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.01em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.01em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.01em;letter-spacing:0.01em;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-14fe1uy{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;}}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-14fe1uy{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.0625rem;}}.css-1gqes1i{margin-bottom:0.25rem;margin-top:0;}.css-1gqes1i:empty{display:none;}.css-at9mc1{margin-bottom:0.78125rem;margin-top:0;overflow-wrap:break-word;color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.5625rem;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-at9mc1{margin-bottom:0.9375rem;margin-top:0;}}.css-at9mc1 .css-yywogo{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-style:solid;text-decoration-style:solid;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--color-signal-editorial,#326891);text-decoration-color:var(--color-signal-editorial,#326891);}.css-at9mc1 .css-yywogo:hover,.css-at9mc1 .css-yywogo:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-at9mc1{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;}}.css-at9mc1:first-child{margin-top:0;}.css-at9mc1:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.css-at9mc1.e1h9rw200:last-child{margin-bottom:0.75rem;}.css-at9mc1.eoo0vm40:first-child{margin-top:0.8125rem;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-at9mc1{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-at9mc1{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}.css-at9mc1.eoo0vm40:first-child{margin-top:1.1875rem;}}@media print{.css-at9mc1{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-sxwst7{background-color:#f7f7f7;border-bottom:1px solid #f3f3f3;border-top:1px solid #f3f3f3;margin:2rem auto;padding-bottom:30px;padding-top:12px;text-align:center;position:relative;margin-top:60px;min-height:280px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-sxwst7{margin:3rem auto;}}@media print{.css-sxwst7{display:none;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-sxwst7{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;}}.css-1d02gzt{opacity:1;visibility:visible;-webkit-animation-name:animation-5j8bii;animation-name:animation-5j8bii;-webkit-animation-duration:300ms;animation-duration:300ms;-webkit-animation-delay:0ms;animation-delay:0ms;-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-out;animation-timing-function:ease-out;}@media print{.css-1d02gzt{display:none;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1d02gzt{position:fixed;width:100%;top:0;left:0;z-index:200;background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:none;-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1bymuyk{position:relative;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e2e2;}}.css-10xu8a0{background:#ffffff;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e2e2;height:36px;padding:8px 15px 3px;position:relative;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-10xu8a0{background:#ffffff;padding:8px 15px 3px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-10xu8a0{background:transparent;border-bottom:0;padding:4px 15px 2px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-10xu8a0{margin:0 auto;max-width:1605px;}}.css-1ch6mhx{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-around;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:space-around;justify-content:space-around;left:10px;position:absolute;}@media print{.css-1ch6mhx{display:none;}}.css-10698na{text-align:center;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-10698na{padding-top:0;}}@media print{.css-10698na a[href]::after{content:'';}.css-10698na svg{fill:black;}}.css-ijmohz{display:block;width:189px;height:26px;margin:5px auto 0;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ijmohz{width:189px;height:26px;margin:5px auto 0;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-ijmohz{width:195px;height:26px;margin:6px auto 0;}}.css-1npft71{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-around;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:space-around;justify-content:space-around;position:absolute;right:10px;top:8px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1npft71{top:4px;}}@media print{.css-1npft71{display:none;}}.css-c5j6tx{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;-webkit-box-pack:space-around;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:space-around;justify-content:space-around;padding:13px 20px 12px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-c5j6tx{position:relative;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-c5j6tx{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;border:none;padding:0;height:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(48px);-ms-transform:translateY(48px);transform:translateY(48px);-webkit-align-items:flex-end;-webkit-box-align:flex-end;-ms-flex-align:flex-end;align-items:flex-end;}}@media print{.css-c5j6tx{display:none;}}.css-vfkorq{color:#121212;font-size:0.6875rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;display:none;width:auto;font-weight:700;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-vfkorq{text-align:center;width:100%;font-weight:700;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-vfkorq{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;width:auto;margin-bottom:4px;font-weight:400;}}.css-1bvtpon{display:none;}.css-wqhysl{top:0;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;background-color:var(--color-background-elevated,#FFFFFF);z-index:902;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-wqhysl{margin-top:3px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-wqhysl:empty{margin-top:0;}}@media print{.css-wqhysl{display:none;}}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button{background:var(--color-background-primary,#FFFFFF);border:1px solid var(--color-stroke-quaternary,#DFDFDF);color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);box-shadow:none;}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button svg > path{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:hover{border:1px solid var(--color-stroke-quaternary,#DFDFDF);background:var(--color-background-tertiary,#EBEBEB);color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:hover svg > path{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:hover svg > g{stroke:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:active,.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-expanded='true']{border:1px solid var(--color-stroke-tertiary,#C7C7C7);background:rgba(235,235,235,0.6);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:active svg > path,.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-expanded='true'] svg > path{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:active svg > g,.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-expanded='true'] svg > g{stroke:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='true'] .saved-fill{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='true'] .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='true']:hover .saved-fill{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='true']:hover .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='true']:active .saved-fill{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='true']:active .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='false'] .saved-fill{fill:none;}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='false'] .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='false']:hover .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button[aria-checked='false']:active .saved-stroke{fill:var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:focus{box-shadow:0 0 2px 1px rgb(0 95 204);outline:3px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;}@supports selector(:focus-visible){.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:focus{box-shadow:none;}.css-yomkvi .actionbar-button:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 0 2px 1px rgb(0 95 204);outline:3px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;}}.css-ui2i83{color:#999999;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;margin-bottom:5px;margin-bottom:0;}@media print{.css-ui2i83{display:none;}}.css-atthsv{color:#999999;display:inline;margin-right:12px;width:100%;position:relative;}.css-atthsv > a,.css-atthsv > button{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-atthsv > a:focus,.css-atthsv > button:focus{display:inline-block;outline:none;box-shadow:0 0 2px 1px rgb(0 95 204);}@supports selector(:focus-visible){.css-atthsv > a:focus,.css-atthsv > button:focus{box-shadow:none;}.css-atthsv > a:focus-visible,.css-atthsv > button:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 0 2px 1px rgb(0 95 204);}}.css-atthsv > a:focus{border-radius:100%;}@media (max-width:424px){.css-atthsv{margin-right:6px;}}.css-atthsv:last-of-type{margin-right:0;}.css-zd9juy{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:20px;border-radius:100%;padding:6px;overflow:initial;vertical-align:middle;height:20px;}.css-zd9juy path{fill:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);}.css-10d8k1f{direction:ltr;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:30px;padding:6px 10px 6px;font-size:0.75rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;line-height:0.9375rem;text-align:right;font-weight:500;}.css-10d8k1f:hover .gift-count{background-color:#fafafa;}@media (max-width:600px){.css-10d8k1f{padding:6px 7px 5px;}}.css-10d8k1f svg{margin-right:5px;vertical-align:-6px;height:20px;}.css-eap6fy{height:18px;width:18px;padding:7px;overflow:visible;vertical-align:middle;cursor:not-allowed;}.css-eap6fy g{stroke-width:0.1px;}@media (min-width:1150px){.css-eap6fy:hover g,.css-eap6fy:focus g{stroke:var(--color-stroke-secondary,#8B8B8B);opacity:1;}}.css-1vxca1d{position:relative;margin:0 auto;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1vxca1d{margin:0 auto 20px;}}.css-1vxca1d .relatedcoverage + .recirculation{margin-top:20px;}.css-1vxca1d .wrap + .recirculation{margin-top:20px;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1vxca1d{padding-top:40px;}}.css-1aeqhal{display:none;position:relative;min-height:280px;}@media (min-width:765px){.css-1aeqhal{background-color:#f7f7f7;border-bottom:1px solid #f3f3f3;display:block;padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:15px;margin:0;}}@media print{.css-1aeqhal{display:none;}}.css-1ho5u4o{list-style:none;margin:0 0 15px;padding:0;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1ho5u4o{display:inline-block;}}.css-t8x4fj{list-style:none;line-height:8px;padding:0;}.css-t8x4fj:last-child > li{margin:16px 0 0 0;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-t8x4fj{display:inline-block;}}.css-a7htku{display:inline-block;line-height:20px;padding:0 10px;}.css-a7htku:first-child{border-left:none;}.css-a7htku.desktop{display:none;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-a7htku.smartphone{display:none;}.css-a7htku.desktop{display:inline-block;}.css-a7htku.mobileOnly{display:none;}}.css-nlqgyf{margin:1.25rem auto 1.5rem;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:32px;}.css-nlqgyf strong{font-weight:700;}.css-nlqgyf em{font-style:italic;}.css-nlqgyf.sizeSmall{width:calc(100% - 40px);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeSmall{max-width:600px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeSmall{width:100%;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeSmall{max-width:600px;}}.css-nlqgyf.sizeSmall.sizeSmallNoCaption{display:block;}@media print{.css-nlqgyf.sizeSmall.sizeSmallNoCaption{display:none;}}.css-nlqgyf.sizeMedium{width:100%;max-width:600px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeMedium{width:calc(100% - 40px);}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeMedium{max-width:600px;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeMedium.layoutVertical{width:420px;}}.css-nlqgyf.sizeMedium.layoutVertical.verticalVideo{width:100%;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeMedium.layoutVertical.verticalVideo{width:420px;}}.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge{width:100%;max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge{width:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge.layoutVertical{width:600px;}.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge.layoutVertical.verticalVideo{width:600px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge{width:945px;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge{width:1200px;}.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge.layoutVertical{width:720px;}.css-nlqgyf.sizeLarge.layoutVertical.verticalVideo{width:600px;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-nlqgyf{margin:2.5rem auto;}}@media print{.css-nlqgyf{display:none;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-nlqgyf{margin-top:25px;}}.css-rq4mmj{height:auto;width:100%;width:100%;vertical-align:top;}.css-rq4mmj img{width:100%;vertical-align:top;}.css-ojhyzr{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:1px;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--color-content-quaternary,#727272);text-decoration-color:var(--color-content-quaternary,#727272);display:inline-block;}.css-ojhyzr:hover,.css-ojhyzr:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1336jj{--tpl-color-content-primary:hsla(0,0%,7.06%,1);--tpl-color-content-primaryDim:hsla(0,0%,21.18%,1);--tpl-color-content-secondary:hsla(0,0%,35.3%,1);--tpl-color-content-secondaryDim:hsla(0,0%,44.71%,1);--tpl-color-content-accent:hsla(213.44,55.75%,46.08%,1);--tpl-color-content-accentDim:hsla(205.9,48.72%,38.24%,1);--tpl-color-content-positive:hsla(126.98,53.09%,31.77%,1);--tpl-color-content-negative:hsla(354.29,98.83%,33.34%,1);--tpl-color-content-breaking:hsla(352.72,98.1%,41.18%,1);--tpl-color-content-placeholder:hsla(0,0%,54.51%,1);--tpl-color-stroke-primary:hsla(0,0%,7.06%,1);--tpl-color-stroke-secondary:hsla(0,0%,59.22%,1);--tpl-color-stroke-tertiary:hsla(0,0%,87.46%,1);--tpl-color-background-primary:hsla(0,0%,100%,1);--tpl-color-background-secondary:hsla(0,0%,97.26%,1);--tpl-color-background-tertiary:hsla(0,0%,92.16%,1);--tpl-color-background-highlight:hsla(54.67,95.75%,90.79%,1);--tpl-color-background-scrim:hsla(0,0%,7%,0.6);--serif:georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;--sans-serif:helvetica,arial,sans-serif;--cheltenham:"nyt-cheltenham",var(--serif);--franklin:"nyt-franklin",var(--sans-serif);--imperial:"nyt-imperial",var(--serif);--karnak:"nyt-karnak",var(--serif);--cheltenham-condensed:"nyt-cheltenham-cond",var(--serif);--cheltenham-text-condensed:"nyt-cheltenham-text-cond",var(--serif);}@media (forced-colors:none){.css-1336jj *{outline:0.125rem solid var(--tpl-color-content-accent,#346EB7);outline-offset:0.125rem;outline-color:transparent;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.css-1336jj *{-webkit-transition:outline-color 100ms ease-out;transition:outline-color 100ms ease-out;}}.css-1336jj *:focus{outline:0.125rem solid var(--tpl-color-content-accent,#346EB7);outline-offset:0.125rem;}.css-1336jj *:focus:not(:focus-visible){outline:0.125rem solid transparent;}.css-1336jj *:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem solid var(--tpl-color-content-accent,#346EB7);outline-offset:0.125rem;}.css-1g71tqy{-webkit-animation:fadeIn 2s ease;animation:fadeIn 2s ease;overflow:hidden;display:grid;grid-row-gap:24px;justify-items:center;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;padding:32px 0 40px 0;}@-webkit-keyframes fadeIn{0%{opacity:0;}50%{opacity:0;}100%{opacity:1;}}@keyframes fadeIn{0%{opacity:0;}50%{opacity:0;}100%{opacity:1;}}.css-1b5b8u1{display:block;}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){[data-dark-mode] .css-1b5b8u1 .icon-light{visibility:hidden;}}.css-1b5b8u1 .icon-dark{visibility:hidden;}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){[data-dark-mode] .css-1b5b8u1 .icon-dark{visibility:visible;}}.css-3kpklk{margin:0;color:var(--tpl-color-content-secondaryDim,#727272);font:500 1rem/1.3 nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;}.css-hzk0yq{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;-webkit-flex:54%;-ms-flex:54%;flex:54%;margin-left:0;margin-top:20px;width:100%;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-hzk0yq{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-hzk0yq{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-hzk0yq{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-hzk0yq{margin-left:0;margin-top:0;}}.css-qznc1j{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-qznc1j{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-qznc1j{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-qznc1j{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-qznc1j{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:25px;padding-bottom:20px;gap:2%;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-stroke-quaternary,#DFDFDF);}@media (min-width:600px){.css-qznc1j{border-top:1px solid var(--color-stroke-quaternary,#DFDFDF);padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:none;}}}.css-1ca3kv7{text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.05em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.05em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.05em;letter-spacing:0.05em;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.125rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1ca3kv7{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}.css-1ca3kv7 .css-yywogo{color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);border-bottom:2px solid var(--color-stroke-quaternary,#DFDFDF);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1ca3kv7 .css-yywogo:hover,.css-1ca3kv7 .css-yywogo:focus{color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);border-bottom:2px solid var(--color-stroke-primary,#121212);}.css-1ca3kv7 .css-yywogo:visited{color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);}.css-kx0gap{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.125rem;}.css-ki3vv6{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-end;-webkit-box-align:flex-end;-ms-flex-align:flex-end;align-items:flex-end;margin-top:0.25rem;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:1.75rem;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-ki3vv6{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ki3vv6{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-ki3vv6{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-ki3vv6{margin-bottom:2rem;}}.css-cfyeo7{margin-bottom:1.25rem;margin-top:1.5625rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-cfyeo7{margin-top:3.75rem;}}.css-cfyeo7 .e6idgb70{color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);font-weight:700;line-height:0.75rem;margin:0 auto;font-family:nyt-cheltenham,cheltenham-fallback-georgia,cheltenham-fallback-noto,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;font-weight:700;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.07em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.07em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.07em;letter-spacing:0.07em;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;text-align:center;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-cfyeo7 .e6idgb70{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}@media print{.css-cfyeo7 .e6idgb70{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-cfyeo7 .e1h9rw200{margin-bottom:1.125rem;text-align:center;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;margin-top:0;text-wrap:balance;}.css-cfyeo7 .e1h9rw200::before{content:'';display:block;margin:0.75rem auto 1.75rem;background-color:var(--color-background-tertiary,#EBEBEB);width:4.5rem;height:1px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-cfyeo7 .e1h9rw200{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-cfyeo7 .e1h9rw200{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-cfyeo7 .e1h9rw200{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-cfyeo7 .e1h9rw200{max-width:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;position:relative;width:600px;}@media print{.css-cfyeo7 .e1h9rw200{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}}.css-cfyeo7 .e1wiw3jv0{color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);text-align:center;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-cfyeo7 .e1wiw3jv0{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-cfyeo7 .e1wiw3jv0{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-cfyeo7 .e1wiw3jv0{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media print{.css-cfyeo7 .e1wiw3jv0{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-cfyeo7 .e16638kd0{display:inline-block;width:auto;margin:auto;}.css-cfyeo7 .eatfx1z0{margin-right:15px;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;line-height:1;}.css-cfyeo7 .section-kicker .opinion-bar{font-size:25px;}.css-cfyeo7 .css-p6m5rf{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin:30px auto;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-cfyeo7 .css-p6m5rf{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-cfyeo7 .css-p6m5rf{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-cfyeo7 .css-p6m5rf{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-cfyeo7 .css-p6m5rf::before,.css-cfyeo7 .css-p6m5rf::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:var(--color-background-tertiary,#EBEBEB);width:100%;height:1px;}.css-cfyeo7 .css-p6m5rf::before{margin-bottom:0.5rem;}.css-cfyeo7 .css-p6m5rf::after{margin-top:0.5rem;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-cfyeo7 .css-p6m5rf::before{margin-bottom:0.625rem;}.css-cfyeo7 .css-p6m5rf::after{margin-top:0.625rem;}}.css-cfyeo7 .e1g7ppur0{margin-bottom:30px;margin-top:20px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-cfyeo7 .e1g7ppur0{margin-top:25px;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-cfyeo7 .e1g7ppur0{margin-bottom:43px;}}.css-cfyeo7 .css-1arl30t{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;max-width:600px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-cfyeo7 .css-1arl30t{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-cfyeo7 .css-1arl30t{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-cfyeo7 .css-1arl30t{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media print{.css-cfyeo7 .css-1arl30t{display:none;}}.css-cfyeo7 .eakwutd0{margin-bottom:20px;color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);}@media print{.css-cfyeo7 .eakwutd0{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-8gwjun{-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:var(--color-signal-breaking,#D0021B);font-family:nyt-cheltenham,cheltenham-fallback-georgia,cheltenham-fallback-noto,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;font-weight:700;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.07em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.07em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.07em;letter-spacing:0.07em;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;display:inline-block;max-width:225px;vertical-align:middle;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-8gwjun{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}a:hover .css-8gwjun{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-8gwjun{max-width:275px;}}.css-s8u3w2{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);max-width:600px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-s8u3w2{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media (min-width:740px){.css-s8u3w2{width:600px;}}@media print{.css-s8u3w2{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-s8u3w2 .e6idgb70{margin-bottom:0;}@media print{.css-s8u3w2 .e6idgb70{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}.css-s8u3w2:empty{display:none;}.css-1khwk7e{color:var(--color-content-primary,#121212);font-family:nyt-cheltenham-cond,nyt-cheltenham,cheltenham-fallback-georgia,cheltenham-fallback-noto,georgia,'times new roman',times,serif;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-size:2.5rem;line-height:2.75rem;text-align:left;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1khwk7e{font-size:3.5625rem;line-height:3.75rem;}}.css-t91cuf{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;margin-bottom:0.25rem;}.css-t91cuf > img,.css-t91cuf a > img,.css-t91cuf div > img{margin-right:10px;}.css-1w5zm64{min-width:50px;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:auto;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1w5zm64{min-width:90px;}}.css-owy2rv{width:40px;margin-right:10px;vertical-align:bottom;border-radius:50%;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-owy2rv{width:80px;margin-bottom:0;}}.css-ehpuw4{display:inline-block;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;min-height:2.5rem;}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-ehpuw4{min-height:5rem;}}.css-1tx0lhj{display:inline-block;margin:0;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.0625rem;margin-top:0.1875rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1tx0lhj{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3125rem;}}.css-1npznau{color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-style:normal;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1npznau{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width:1024px){.css-1npznau{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}.css-1npznau a,.css-1npznau a:visited{color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--color-content-quaternary,#727272);text-decoration-color:var(--color-content-quaternary,#727272);}.css-1npznau a:hover,.css-1npznau a:focus{color:var(--color-content-secondary,#363636);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-2fg4z9{font-style:italic;}.css-1r1uk6u{color:#999999;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;margin-bottom:5px;margin-bottom:20px;}@media print{.css-1r1uk6u{display:none;}}.css-1r1uk6u .css-1wl88o2{margin-bottom:0;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1r1uk6u{padding-top:0;border-top:none;margin-top:0;border-bottom:none;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;}.css-1r1uk6u li{margin-right:6px;}}</style> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(e,t){function n(){if(!o()&&r()){var n=document.createElement("script");n.id="nyt-fides",n.src=e,t.document.head.appendChild(n)}}var a=new URLSearchParams(t.location.search),i=function(e){return(t.document.cookie.split(";").find((function(t){return t.includes(e)}))||"").replace(e,"").trim().charAt(16)},r=function(){var e,n,r,o=a.get("fides-override"),l=i("nyt-purr="),s=i("override-purr=");return 0<(null===(e=t.config)||void 0===e||null===(n=e.tc_info)||void 0===n||null===(r=n.fides_string)||void 0===r?void 0:r.length)||"s"===s||"s"===l||"true"===o},o=function(){return null!==t.document.getElementById("nyt-fides")};n(),t.addEventListener("initWebview:ios",n),t.fidesUtils={isFidesEligible:r}})('https://static01.nyt.com/vi-assets/static-assets/fides-8ff3b866ef707d7b05879c1b02bc31aa.js', window); (function(e){function t(e){var t=e.layerType;return{event:"impression",priority:!0,module:{name:t,label:t,region:"bottom"}}}function n(t){(e.dataLayer||(e.dataLayer=[])).push(t)}function a(t){var n=e.document.getElementById("fides-banner"),a=e.document.getElementById("fides-modal"),i=e.document.getElementById("fides-embed-container"),r="true"===(null==a?void 0:a.getAttribute("aria-hidden"));if(i)return"cmp_layer_2";if(null!==t){if(!n||!a)return"";if(n.contains(t))return"cmp_layer_1";if(a.contains(t))return"cmp_layer_2"}return r?"cmp_layer_1":"cmp_layer_2"}function i(t){var n=new CustomEvent("NYTFidesUpdated",{detail:t});e.dispatchEvent(n)}var r;!0===(null===(r=e.fidesUtils)||void 0===r?void 0:r.isFidesEligible())&&(e.addEventListener("FidesUIShown",(function(e){var a,i=(null==e||null===(a=e.detail)||void 0===a?void 0:a.extraDetails).servingComponent;"tcf_banner"===(void 0===i?"":i)&&n(t({layerType:"cmp_layer_1"}))})),e.addEventListener("click",(function(e){var t=e.target,r="button"===t.type,o="a"===t.nodeName.toLowerCase();if(r||o){var l=function(e){return{"accept all":"accept_all","reject all":"reject_all","manage preferences":"manage_prefs","cookie policy":"cookie_policy","privacy policy":"privacy_policy",purposes:"purposes",features:"features",vendors:"vendors",save:"save"}[e.textContent.toLowerCase()]||""}(t),s=a(t);if(l)n(function(e){var t=e.actionType,n=void 0===t?"":t,a=e.layerType,i=void 0===a?"":a;return{event:"moduleInteraction",eventData:{trigger:"module",type:"click"},module:{name:i,label:i,element:{name:n,label:n}}}}({actionType:l,layerType:s})),i(function(e){var t=e.actionType,n=void 0===t?"":t,a=e.layerType,i=void 0===a?"":a;return{subject:"interaction",data:{name:i,label:i,element:{name:n,label:n}}}}({actionType:l,layerType:s})),e.stopPropagation()}})),e.addEventListener("beforeunload",(function(){var e=a(null);n(t({layerType:"".concat(e,"_exit")}))})))})(window); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // 35.979kB window.viHeadScriptSize = 35.979; window.NYTD = {}; window.vi = window.vi || {}; window.vi.pageType = { type: '', edge: 'vi-story'}; (function () { var userAgent=window.navigator.userAgent||window.navigator.vendor||window.opera||"",inNewsreaderApp=userAgent.includes("nytios")||userAgent.includes("nyt_android"),inXWordsApp=userAgent.includes("nyt_xwords_ios")||userAgent.includes("Crosswords"),inAndroid=userAgent.includes("nyt_android")||userAgent.includes("Crosswords"),iniOS=userAgent.includes("nytios")||userAgent.includes("nyt_xwords_ios"),isInWebviewByUserAgent=(inAndroid||iniOS)&&(inNewsreaderApp||inXWordsApp);function appType(){return inNewsreaderApp?"newsreader":inXWordsApp?"crosswords":""}function deviceType(){return inAndroid?"ANDROID":iniOS?"IOS":""}var _f=function(e){window.vi.webviewEnvironment={appType:appType(),deviceType:deviceType(),isInWebview:e.webviewEnvironment.isInWebview||isInWebviewByUserAgent,isPreloaded:e.webviewEnvironment.isPreloaded}};;_f.apply(null, [{"gqlUrlClient":"https://samizdat-graphql.nytimes.com/graphql/v2","gqlRequestHeaders":{"nyt-app-type":"project-vi","nyt-app-version":"0.0.5","nyt-token":"MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAs+/oUCTBmD/cLdmcecrnBMHiU/pxQCn2DDyaPKUOXxi4p0uUSZQzsuq1pJ1m5z1i0YGPd1U1OeGHAChWtqoxC7bFMCXcwnE1oyui9G1uobgpm1GdhtwkR7ta7akVTcsF8zxiXx7DNXIPd2nIJFH83rmkZueKrC4JVaNzjvD+Z03piLn5bHWU6+w+rA+kyJtGgZNTXKyPh6EC6o5N+rknNMG5+CdTq35p8f99WjFawSvYgP9V64kgckbTbtdJ6YhVP58TnuYgr12urtwnIqWP9KSJ1e5vmgf3tunMqWNm6+AnsqNj8mCLdCuc5cEB74CwUeQcP2HQQmbCddBy2y0mEwIDAQAB","x-nyt-targeting-dimensions-map":"newsTenure=anon_user"},"gqlFetchTimeout":1500,"disablePersistedQueries":false,"initialDeviceType":"desktop","fastlyAbraConfig":{".ver":"23577.000","AMS_FrictionCircumventionDesktop_cwv":"2_low-mid-truncation","AMS_FrictionCircumventionMobile_cwv":"2_low-mid-truncation","DFP_MediaNet_0123":"","HOME_cwv_chartbeat":"0_Control"},"fastlyEntitlements":[],"internalPreviewConfig":{},"webviewEnvironment":{"isInWebview":false,"isPreloaded":false},"isOptimisticallyTruncated":true,"optimisticTruncationDropzone":6,"requestPath":"/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html","isProvisionallyLoggedIn":false,"routeName":"vi-story","serviceWorkerFile":"service-worker-test-1740156238658.js","preloadedServiceWorkerFile":"/vi-assets/static-assets/preloaded-service-worker-1740156398977.js"}]); })();;(function () { var _f=function(i,w){window.vi=window.vi||{},window.vi.env=Object.freeze(i),window.hybrid=w};;_f.apply(null, [{"JKIDD_PATH":"https://a.nytimes.com/svc/nyt/data-layer","ET2_URL":"https://a.et.nytimes.com","ALS_URL":"https://als-svc.nytimes.com","WEDDINGS_PATH":"https://content.api.nytimes.com","GDPR_PATH":"https://us-central1-nyt-dsra-prd.cloudfunctions.net/datagov-dsr-formhandler","RECAPTCHA_SITEKEY":"6LevSGcUAAAAAF-7fVZF05VTRiXvBDAY4vBSPaTF","ABRA_ET_URL":"//et.nytimes.com","NODE_ENV":"production","EXPERIMENTAL_ROUTE_PREFIX":"","ENVIRONMENT":"prd","RELEASE":"879071da9db62e366a44b09e91e545990df7cced","RELEASE_TAG":"","AUTH_HOST":"https://myaccount.nytimes.com","METER_HOST":"https://meter-svc.nytimes.com","MESSAGING_LANDING_PAGE_HOST":"https://www.nytimes.com","CAPI_HOST":"https://mwcm.nytimes.com","SWG_PUBLICATION_ID":"nytimes.com","GQL_FETCH_TIMEOUT":"1500","GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID":"1005640118348-amh5tgkq641oru4fbhr3psm3gt2tcc94.apps.googleusercontent.com","STORY_SURROGATE_CONTROL":"max-age=300, stale-if-error=259200, stale-while-revalidate=259200","ONBOARDING_API_KEY":"","PURR_ENV":"prd"},false]); })();;(function () { var _f=function(){var e=window;e.initWebview=function(e){var t=document.documentElement;if(e.OS){var i=e.OS.toUpperCase();t.classList.add(i)}if(e.BaseFontSize&&(t.dataset.baseFontSize=e.BaseFontSize),e.trackingSensitive&&(t.dataset.trackingSensitive=!0),e.hasOptedOutOfTracking&&(t.dataset.hasOptedOutOfTracking=!0),e.PurrDirectives){var a=e.PurrDirectives.PURR_AdConfiguration_v3||e.PurrDirectives.PURR_AdConfiguration_v2;a&&(t.dataset.optedOutOfAds=["adluce","adluce-socrates"].includes(a))}e.OS&&"IOS"===e.OS.toUpperCase()&&window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("initWebview:ios",{detail:e}))};var t=e.navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase();/iphone|ipod|ipad/.test(t)||void 0===e.config||e.initWebview(e.config)};;_f.apply(null, []); })();; (()=>{var Q=1e3,b="pageViewID",Y="getPageViewID",h="contextID",Z="getContextID",ee="NativeBridge unavailable.";async function X(e){if(!T())return Promise.reject("not in webview");try{await U();let t={};return await Promise.all([L(b,Y,e),L(h,Z,e)]).then(o=>{o.forEach(a=>{a.name==b?t[b]=a.id:t[h]=a.id})}),Promise.resolve(t)}catch(t){return Promise.reject(t)}}function T(){if(window?.vi?.webviewEnvironment!==void 0)return window.vi.webviewEnvironment.isInWebview&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment.deviceType=="IOS";if(window?.navigator?.userAgent!==void 0){for(var e=["nytios"],t=0;t<e.length;t++)if(window.navigator.userAgent.includes(e[t]))return!0}return!1}function J(){var e={subject:"page_update",assetUrl:(document.querySelector("link[rel=canonical]")||{}).href,assetId:(document.querySelector("meta[name=articleid]")||{}).content,nyt_uri:(document.querySelector("meta[name=nyt_uri]")||{}).content,url:location.href,client_tz_offset:new Date().getTimezoneOffset(),sourceApp:(document.querySelector("meta[name=sourceApp]")||{}).content||"nytcooking"};window.nyt_et("send",e)}function te(e,t){window.NativeBridge.addEventListener(e+"DidChange",function(o){t(e,o)})}async function L(e,t,o){return window.NativeBridge.callNativeBridgeCommand(t).then(a=>{let _=a.values[e];return te(e,o),Promise.resolve({name:e,id:_})})}async function U(e=0){return window.NativeBridge?Promise.resolve():e>=Q?Promise.reject(ee):new Promise((t,o)=>{setTimeout(function(){return U(e+1).then(t).catch(o)},10)})}function z(e){return!!(Object.keys(e).length==2&&e.hasOwnProperty("gtm")&&e.hasOwnProperty("activeTime")||e.hasOwnProperty("eventData")&&Object.keys(e.eventData).length==2&&e.eventData.hasOwnProperty("gtm")&&e.eventData.hasOwnProperty("activeTime"))}function D(){var e,t,o=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;if(o)t=o.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(18));else for(t=[];t.length<18;)t.push(Math.random()*256^(e=e||+new Date)&255),e=Math.floor(e/256);return btoa(String.fromCharCode.apply(String,t)).replace(/\+/g,"-").replace(/\//g,"_")}function F(e,t){var o="",a="",_=!1,c=!1,l=!1,g=!1;if(typeof e=="string"&&e=="init"&&typeof t=="object"&&(_=!!t.intranet,c=!!t.force_xhr,l=!!t.store_last_response,g=!!t.use_webview_dedup_logic,typeof t.pv_id_override=="string"&&typeof t.ctx_id_override=="string"))if(t.pv_id_override.length>=24&&t.ctx_id_override.length>=24)o=t.pv_id_override,a=t.ctx_id_override;else try{console.warn("override id(s) must be >= 24 chars long")}catch{}return{pv_id:o,ctx_id:a,intra:_,store_last_response:l,force_xhr:c,use_webview_dedup_logic:g}}function $(e,t,o,a,_,c,l,g){if(!a&&(l==="beacon"||g&&o)){var f=window.navigator.sendBeacon(e,t);return _&&(last_send_response=f),f}else{var s=typeof XMLHttpRequest<"u"?new XMLHttpRequest:new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");return s.open("POST",e),s.withCredentials=!0,s.setRequestHeader("Accept","*/*"),typeof t=="string"?s.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","text/plain;charset=UTF-8"):{}.toString.call(t)==="[object Blob]"&&t.type&&s.setRequestHeader("Content-Type",t.type),c&&s.setRequestHeader("ETJS-Ignore-Session-Info","true"),_&&!s.onload&&(s.onload=function(){last_send_response=s.response},s.onerror=function(P){last_send_response=!1}),s.send(t),!0}}(function(e,t){if(e.nyt_et){console.warn("et2 snippet should only load once per page");return}var o,a,_,c,l=0,g,f=[],s,P,p={pv_id:"",ctx_id:"",intra:!1,force_xhr:!1,store_last_response:!1,use_webview_dedup_logic:!1},B=typeof e.navigator=="object"&&typeof e.navigator.userAgent=="string"&&/iP(ad|hone|od)/.test(e.navigator.userAgent),O=typeof e.navigator=="object"&&e.navigator.sendBeacon,C=O?B?"xhr_ios":"beacon":"xhr",u=T(),d="",m="",S=0;function K(n,i){if(n!==b&&n!==h){console.error("syncID got unknown id="+n);return}if(!(!i||!i.detail)){var r=i.detail[n]||i.detail.newID;r&&(n===b?d=r:m=r,J())}}function A(n){if(f.length!==0){if(u&&(d===void 0||d==="")){console.log("ERROR: in webview attempting to transmit() but native_pvid not set. Doing nothing...");return}$(a,JSON.stringify(f),n,p.force_xhr,p.store_last_response,u,C,O),f.length=0,clearTimeout(s),s=null}}function x(n){var i,r,v,w,R,H,y=n[0];if(typeof y=="string"&&/init/.test(y)&&(""+JSON.stringify(n),H=!0,p=F(y,n[3]),c=p.pv_id||D(),l+=1,y=="init"&&!_)){if(_=p.ctx_id||D(),typeof n[1]=="string"&&/^http/.test(n[1]))o=String(n[1]).replace(/([^\/])$/,"$1/"),a=o+"track";else throw new Error("init must include an et host url");if(typeof n[2]=="string")g=n[2];else throw new Error("init must include a source app name")}var N=n.length-1;if(n[N]&&typeof n[N]=="object"&&(i=n[N]),!i&&!/init/.test(y)?console.warn("when invoked without 'init' or 'pageinit', nyt_et() must include a event data"):i&&!i.subject&&console.warn("event data {} must include a subject"),!o||!(i&&i.subject)){console.log("ERROR: data must contain subject and et_base_url must be set");return}let j=l==1;var V=!1,I=p.use_webview_dedup_logic;if(u&&p.use_webview_dedup_logic&&H&&j&&i.subject=="page"&&(i.subject="page_update",V=!0),r=i.subject,delete i.subject,w=r=="page_exit"||(i.eventData||{}).type=="ob_click",R=r=="page_update",I&&u&&w&&(r="page_update",w=!1,R=!0),I&&u&&R&&z(i)){S+=1;return}r=="page"||r=="page_soft"?v=c:v=D();let W=c,G=_;I&&u&&j&&(W=d,G=m),f.push({context_id:G,pageview_id:W,event_id:v,client_lib:t,sourceApp:g,intranet:p.intra?1:void 0,subject:r,how:w&&B&&O?"beacon_ios":C,client_ts:+new Date,data:JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(i))}),y=="send"||v==c||w||V?A(w):(y=="soon"&&(clearTimeout(s),s=setTimeout(A,200)),s||(s=setTimeout(A,5500)))}e.nyt_et=function(){var n=arguments;if(u&&d===""){e.nyt_et_buffer=e.nyt_et_buffer||[],e.nyt_et_buffer.push(n);return}x(n)};var k=!1;function M(){if(u&&d===""){return}if(k){q(e.nyt_et_buffer);return}let n=e.nyt_et_buffer;e.nyt_et_buffer=e.nyt_et_buffer||[],q(n),e.nyt_et_buffer.push=new Proxy(e.nyt_et_buffer.push,{apply:function(i,r,v){return console.table("calling window.nyt_et",r,v),x(v),i.apply(r,v)}}),k=!0}M();var E=0;function q(n=[]){if(!g){let i=n?.findIndex(r=>typeof r[0]=="string"&&r[0]==="init");""+i.toString(),i>-1&&x(n[i])}""+E;for(let i=E;i<n.length;i++){let r=n[i];""+E+i,typeof r[0]=="string"&&r[0]!=="init"&&(console.log("non-init event at pos="+i.toString()),x(r)),E++}}e.nyt_et.get_pageview_id=function(){return p.use_webview_dedup_logic&&u&&l>=1?d:c},e.nyt_et.get_context_id=function(){return p.use_webview_dedup_logic&&u&&l>=1?m:_},e.nyt_et.get_host=function(){return o},e.nyt_et.is_running_in_webview=function(){return u},e.nyt_et.get_native_pageview_id=function(){return d},e.nyt_et.get_native_context_id=function(){return m},e.nyt_et.get_buffer_len=function(){f.length},e.nyt_et.get_buffer=function(){return f},e.nyt_et.call_is_running_in_webview=function(){return T()},e.nyt_et.get_last_send_response=function(){var n=P;return n&&(P=null),n},e.nyt_et.get_num_blocked_heartbeats=function(){return S},e.nyt_et.reset_blocked_heartbeat_counts=function(){S=0},u&&X(K).then(n=>{m=n[h],d=n[b],M()}).catch(console.error).finally(console.log)})(window,"v1.4.0");})(); ;(function c(e){var t,n=(null===(t=e=e||("undefined"!=typeof window?window:void 0))||void 0===t?void 0:t.UnifiedTracking)||{};return n.context="web",e?(e.UnifiedTracking=n,n.sendAnalytic=function(t,n){return e.dataLayer=e.dataLayer||[],Array.isArray(e.dataLayer)&&(n.event=n.event||t,e.dataLayer.push(n)),Promise.resolve({success:!0})},n):n})(window);!function(r){var n,t;r=r||self,n=r.Abra,(t=r.Abra=function(){"use strict";var r=Array.isArray,n=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1];if(null==u||""===u)return n;for(var i=String(u).split("."),a=0;a<i.length&&(n=n[i[a]]);a++);return null==n&&(n=o),null!=n?n:null},t=function(r,n,t){return r(t,n).reduce((function(r,n){return parseFloat(r)+parseFloat(n)}),0)},e=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]/e[1]},u=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]%e[1]},o=function(r,n,t){return r(t,n).reduce((function(r,n){return parseFloat(r)*parseFloat(n)}),1)},i=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1];return void 0===o?-u:u-o};function a(n){return!(r(n)&&0===n.length||!n)}var f=function(r,n,t){for(var e,u=0;u<t.length;u++)if(!a(e=r(t[u],n)))return e;return e},c=function(r,n,t){var e;for(e=0;e<t.length-1;e+=2)if(a(r(t[e],n)))return r(t[e+1],n);return t.length===e+1?r(t[e],n):null},l=function(r,n,t){return!a(r(t,n)[0])},v=function(r,n,t){for(var e,u=0;u<t.length;u++)if(a(e=r(t[u],n)))return e;return e},d=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]===e[1]},s=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]!==e[1]},h=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1];return!(!o||void 0===o.indexOf)&&-1!==o.indexOf(u)},g=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]>e[1]},p=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n);return e[0]>=e[1]},b=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1],i=e[2];return void 0===i?u<o:u<o&&o<i},w=function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n),u=e[0],o=e[1],i=e[2];return void 0===i?u<=o:u<=o&&o<=i},y=function(r,n,t){var e=t[0],u=t[1],o=t.slice(2),i=r(e,n);if(!i)return null;if(0===o.length)return null;if(1===o.length)return r(o[0],n);if(4294967295===o[0])return r(o[1],n);for(var a=function(r){var n,t,e,u,o,i=[],a=[t=1732584193,e=4023233417,~t,~e,3285377520],f=[],c=unescape(encodeURI(r))+"\x80",l=c.length;for(f[r=--l/4+2|15]=8*l;~l;)f[l>>2]|=c.charCodeAt(l)<<8*~l--;for(n=l=0;n<r;n+=16){for(t=a;l<80;t=[t[4]+(i[l]=l<16?~~f[n+l]:2*c|c<0)+1518500249+[e&u|~e&o,c=341275144+(e^u^o),882459459+(e&u|e&o|u&o),c+1535694389][l++/5>>2]+((c=t[0])<<5|c>>>27),c,e<<30|e>>>2,u,o])c=i[l-3]^i[l-8]^i[l-14]^i[l-16],e=t[1],u=t[2],o=t[3];for(l=5;l;)a[--l]+=t[l]}return a[0]>>>0}(i+" "+r(u,n));o.length>1;){var f=o.splice(0,2),c=f[0],l=f[1];if(a<=r(c,n))return r(l,n)}return 0===o.length?null:r(o[0],n)},k=function(r,n,t){var e=t[0],u=t[1],o=r(e,n);return null==o?null:new RegExp(u).test(o)};return function(a,m,O,A){void 0===a&&(a={}),void 0===m&&(m={}),void 0===O&&(O={}),void 0===A&&(A=!1);var j=function(){var r={},n=function(n){if(n)for(var t,e=decodeURIComponent(n[1]),u=/(?:^|,)([^,=]+)=([^,]*)/g;t=u.exec(e);){var o=t,i=o[1],a=o[2];r[i]=a||null}};n(document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *abra-overrides=([^;]+)/)),n(window.location.search.match(/(?:\?|&)abra-overrides=([^&]+)/));var t=/(?:^|;) *abra-nuke=true(?:;|$)/.test(document.cookie)||/(?:\?|&)abra-nuke=true(?:&|$)/.test(window.location.search);return[r,t]}(),x=j[0],E=j[1];Object.keys(O).forEach((function(r){x[r]=O[r]}));var F,C=A||E,R=(F={var:n,if:c,"===":d,"!==":s,and:f,or:v,"!":l,">":g,">=":p,"<":b,"<=":w,"+":t,"-":i,"*":o,"/":e,"%":u,in:h,abtest_partition:y,regex_match:k,ref:function(r,n,t){var e=r(t,n)[0];return U(e)}},function n(t,e){if(e||(e={}),r(t))return t.map((function(r){return n(r,e)}));if(!function(n){return"object"==typeof n&&null!==n&&!r(n)&&1===Object.keys(n).length}(t))return t;var u=function(r){return Object.keys(r)[0]}(t),o=t[u];r(o)||(o=[o]);var i=F[u];if(!i)throw new Error("Unrecognized operation "+u);return i(n,e,o)}),U=function(r){if(!r)return null;var n=x[r];if(void 0===n){if(!C){if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(x,r))throw new Error("circular logic");x[r]=void 0,n=R(a[r],m)}void 0===n&&(n=null),x[r]=n}return n};return U}}()).noConflict=function(){return r.Abra=n,t}}(this); ;(function () { var NYTD="undefined"!=typeof window&&window.NYTD?window.NYTD:{};function setupTimeZone(){var e='[data-timezone][data-timezone~="'+(new Date).getHours()+'"] { display: block }',i=document.createElement("style");i.innerHTML=e,document.head.appendChild(i)}function addNYTAppClass(){var e=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment||{};e&&e.isInWebview&&document.documentElement.classList.add("NYTApp"),e&&e.isPreloaded&&document.documentElement.classList.add("NYTAppPreloaded"),e&&e.deviceType&&document.documentElement.classList.add(window.vi.webviewEnvironment.deviceType)}function addNYTPageTypeClass(){var e=window.vi.pageType.edge;e&&document.documentElement.classList.add("nytapp-"+e)}function isIOSNewsreaderWebview(){return void 0!==window.vi&&void 0!==window.vi.webviewEnvironment&&"IOS"===window.vi.webviewEnvironment.deviceType&&"newsreader"===window.vi.webviewEnvironment.appType}function shouldUseNativePvid(){return void 0!==window.vi&&void 0!==window.vi.webviewEnvironment&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment.isPreloaded||isIOSNewsreaderWebview()}function setNativePageViewId(e){return e?NYTD.PageViewId.current=e:isIOSNewsreaderWebview()?window.NativeBridge.getPageViewID().then(function(e){window.NYTD=window.NYTD||{},window.NYTD.PageViewId=window.NYTD.PageViewId||{},e&&e.values&&e.values.pageViewID?NYTD.PageViewId.current=e.values.pageViewID:NYTD.PageViewId.current="native-bridge-pageview_id-undefined"}).catch(function(){NYTD.PageViewId.current="native-bridge-getpageviewid-catch"}):window.config&&window.config.AdRequirements&&window.config.AdRequirements.page_view_id?NYTD.PageViewId.current=window.config.AdRequirements.page_view_id:NYTD.PageViewId.current="native-pageview_id-unavailable",NYTD.PageViewId.current}function forceNativePageViewIdUpdate(e){setNativePageViewId(e),window.AdSlot4&&window.AdSlot4.updateAdReq&&window.AdSlot4.updateAdReq({page_view_id:e})}function handlePvidDidChange(e){forceNativePageViewIdUpdate(e&&e.detail&&(e.detail.pageViewID||e.detail.newID))}function setupPageViewId(){NYTD.PageViewId={},NYTD.PageViewId.update=function(e){return e?NYTD.PageViewId.current=e:shouldUseNativePvid()?setNativePageViewId():"undefined"!=typeof nyt_et&&"function"==typeof window.nyt_et.get_pageview_id?(window.nyt_et("pageinit"),NYTD.PageViewId.current=window.nyt_et.get_pageview_id()):NYTD.PageViewId.current="no-native-bridge-nor-nyt_et",NYTD.PageViewId.current},shouldUseNativePvid()&&(isIOSNewsreaderWebview()?window.NativeBridge.addEventListener("pageViewIDDidChange",handlePvidDidChange):window.updatePageViewID=forceNativePageViewIdUpdate)}function reRenderEvent(){window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("rerender-programming",{detail:{viewport:window.innerWidth}}))}function setupResizeListeners(){var e=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment||{},i=window.vi&&window.vi.pageType&&window.vi.pageType.edge;e&&e.isPreloaded&&"vi-homepage"===i&&(window.addEventListener("resize",function(){reRenderEvent("window.onresize callback")}),window.addEventListener("rerender-ready",function(){reRenderEvent("rerender-ready Custom Event callback")}))}var _f=function(){try{document.domain="nytimes.com"}catch(e){}window.swgUserInfoXhrObject=new XMLHttpRequest,setupPageViewId(),setupTimeZone(),addNYTAppClass(),addNYTPageTypeClass(),setupResizeListeners(),window.nyt_et&&"function"==typeof window.nyt_et&&window.nyt_et("init",vi.env.ET2_URL,"nyt-vi",{use_webview_dedup_logic:!0},{subject:"page",canonicalUrl:(document.querySelector("link[rel=canonical]")||{}).href,articleId:(document.querySelector("meta[name=articleid]")||{}).content,nyt_uri:(document.querySelector("meta[name=nyt_uri]")||{}).content,pubpEventId:(document.querySelector("meta[name=pubp_event_id]")||{}).content,url:location.href,referrer:document.referrer||void 0,client_tz_offset:(new Date).getTimezoneOffset()}),shouldUseNativePvid()?setNativePageViewId():"undefined"!=typeof nyt_et&&"function"==typeof window.nyt_et.get_pageview_id?NYTD.PageViewId.current=window.nyt_et.get_pageview_id()||"nyt_et-pageview_id-undefined":NYTD.PageViewId.update();var e=window.reportError;window.reportError=function(){var i=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments),n=i[0];(n.message.includes("root will switch to client rendering.")||n.message.includes("Minified React error #423"))&&window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("react-hydration-error")),e.apply(null,i)},window.NYTD=NYTD||{}};;_f.apply(null, []); })();;(function () { var NYTD="undefined"!=typeof window&&window.NYTD?window.NYTD:{};var _f=function(n){var e=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment.isPreloaded;function t(){if(window.Abra&&"function"==typeof window.Abra){NYTD.Abra=function(){var t=e?window.getNativeBridgeCookie("nyt-a"):(window.document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *nyt-a=([^;]*)/)||[])[1],i=[];window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[],d.config=n.abraConfig||{},d.reportedAllocations={},d.reportedExposures={};var o=(n.abraURL||"").match(/current[/]([a-zA-Z-]+).json/i);d.integration=o&&o.length>1?o[1]:"";try{d.version=window.Abra(d.config)(".ver")}catch(n){d.version=0}var a=d.config,r={agent_id:t},c=window.Abra(a,r);function d(n){return d.getAbraSync(n).variant}return d.getAbraSync=function(n){var e=d.reportedAllocations[n];if(void 0!==e)return{variant:e,allocated:!0};var t=null,i=!1;try{t=c(n),i=!0}catch(n){}return{variant:t,allocated:i}},d.reportExposure=function(n){var e=d.getAbraSync(n).variant;if(null!=e&&(void 0===d.reportedExposures[n]||e!==d.reportedExposures[n])){d.reportedExposures[n]=e;var t={event:"ab-expose",abtest:{test:n,variant:e,config_ver:d.version,integration:d.integration}};window.UnifiedTracking.sendAnalytic(t.event,t)}},d.alloc=function(){Object.keys(d.config).filter(function(n){return!n.includes(".")}).forEach(function(n){var e=d.getAbraSync(n);e.allocated&&(d.reportedAllocations[n]=e.variant,i.push({test:n,variant:e.variant}))});var n={event:"ab-alloc",abtest:{batch:i}};window.UnifiedTracking.sendAnalytic(n.event,n)},d.alloc(),d}();var t=window.NYTD.Abra.getAbraSync("SP_commentsRefactor_1224").variant;t&&document.documentElement.classList.add("SP_commentsRefactor_1224_"+t),window.NYTD=NYTD||{}}}e&&!window.nativeBridgeCookies?window.initNativeBridgeCookies(t):t()};;_f.apply(null, [{"abraConfig":{".ver":23624,"UPSHOT_wordleStateV2_0306":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"UPSHOT_wordleStateV2_0306",4294967295,"0_Control"]},"UJ_ResurfaceRegiOnboarding_0924":{"if":[{"and":[{"!":{"in":[{"ref":"SUBX_regi_alloc_holdout_2024H1"},["0_holdout"]]}}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"UJ_ResurfaceRegiOnboarding_0924",107374181,"1_ResurfaceRegiOnboarding",214748364,"2_ResurfaceRegiOnboarding",2254857829,"1_ResurfaceRegiOnboarding",4294967295,"2_ResurfaceRegiOnboarding"]}]},"UJ_ResurfaceAAOnboarding_0924":{"if":[{"and":[{"!":{"in":[{"ref":"SUBX_regi_alloc_holdout_2024H1"},["0_holdout"]]}}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"49c3c84d-7935-4652-80a7-50bfc2aaee45",2147483647,"1_ResurfaceAAOnboarding",4294967295,"2_ResurfaceAAOnboarding"]}]},"SUBX_regi_alloc_holdout_2024H1":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"SUBX_regi_alloc_holdout_2024H1",214748364,"1_best_experience",429496729,"1_best_experience",4294967295,"1_best_experience"]},"SUBX_agent_alloc_holdout_2024H1":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SUBX_agent_alloc_holdout_2024H1",214748364,"1_best_experience",429496729,"1_best_experience",4294967295,"1_best_experience"]},"SUBCON_RES_AIG_SURVEY_228":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SUBCON_RES_AIG_SURVEY_228",4080218930,"0_Control",4294967295,"1_Variant"]},"STYLN_LIVE_USER_STATE_API_SWITCH":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"STYLN_LIVE_USER_STATE_API_SWITCH",4294967295,null]},"SP_ReqToComRollout_Web":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SP_ReqToComRollout_Web",4294967295,"0_Off"]},"SJ_disrupter_V2_increased_cadence":{"if":[{"and":[{"!":{"in":[{"ref":"SUBX_regi_alloc_holdout_2024H1"},["0_holdout"]]}}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"SJ_disrupter_V2_increased_cadence",4294967295,"2_high_intensity"]}]},"SHA_LiveNativeShare_1024":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SHA_LiveNativeShare_1024",4294967295,"1_Native"]},"SHA_cardShare_0424":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SHA_cardShare_0424",4294967295,"1_Share"]},"SEO_spanishSearchTranslation_0824":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SEO_spanishSearchTranslation_0824",4294967295,null]},"SEO_langInputSearchBar_0824":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"SEO_langInputSearchBar_0824",4294967295,"1_Rollout"]},"PERSX_electionNLSignup_0926":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"PERSX_electionNLSignup_0926",4294967295,"1_Variant"]},"ON_news_upsell_sale":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"ON_news_upsell_sale",3865470565,"1_news_upsell",4294967295,"1_news_upsell"]},"OMA_WEB_LIBRARY_OPS_HARDCODED_FALLBACK":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_WEB_LIBRARY_OPS_HARDCODED_FALLBACK",1073741823,null]},"OMA_TIMEOUTROLLOUT_062024":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_TIMEOUTROLLOUT_062024",4294967295,"on"]},"OMA_TermsOfService_0624":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_TermsOfService_0624",214748364,"1_Variant",429496729,"1_Variant",4294967295,"1_Variant"]},"OMA_SAMIZDAT_SELECTION_KILL_SWITCH":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_SAMIZDAT_SELECTION_KILL_SWITCH"]},"OMA_SAMIZDAT_OPS_KILL_SWITCH":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_SAMIZDAT_OPS_KILL_SWITCH"]},"OMA_SAMIZDAT_KILL_SWITCH":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_SAMIZDAT_KILL_SWITCH"]},"OMA_FEDERATED_QUERY":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_FEDERATED_QUERY",64424508,"on",85899345,"on",107374181,"on",128849018,"on",150323854,"on",171798691,"on",193273527,"on",214748364,"on",236223200,"on",257698037,"on",279172873,"on",300647710,"on",322122546,"on",343597383,"on",365072219,"on",386547056,"on",408021892,"on",429496729,"on",450971565,"on",472446402,"on",493921238,"on",515396075,"on",536870911,"on",558345747,"on",579820584,"on",601295420,"on",773094112,"on",1116691496,"on",1503238553,"on",1717986917,"on",1889785609,"on",2126008811,"on",4294967295,"on"]},"OMA_FASTLY_ROLLOUT_09_24":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_FASTLY_ROLLOUT_09_24",214748364,"1_fastly",429496729,"1_fastly",644245093,"1_fastly",858993458,"1_fastly",1288490188,"1_fastly",1717986917,"1_fastly",2576980377,"1_fastly",3435973836,"1_fastly",3865470565,"1_fastly",4294967295,"1_fastly"]},"OMA_DVSP_ROLLOUT":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_DVSP_ROLLOUT",4294967295,"on"]},"OMA_DISABLE_USER_STATE_HYBRID":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"OMA_DISABLE_USER_STATE_HYBRID",1073741823,"enabled",4294967295,"enabled"]},"MX_Turn_Off_CAPI_0324":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MX_Turn_Off_CAPI_0324",4294967295,"0_no_capi"]},"MX_NewArchitecture_gateway":{"if":[{"and":[{"===":[{"ref":"MX_NewArchitecture_MeterReal"},"1_variant"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MX_NewArchitecture_gateway",21474835,"1_variant",107374181,"1_variant",1073741823,"1_variant",1116691496,"1_variant",1159641169,"1_variant",1267015351,"1_variant",1503238553,"1_variant",1717986917,"1_variant",1932735282,"1_variant",2126008811,"1_variant",4294967295,"1_variant"]}]},"MX_FF_WELCOME_AD":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MX_FF_WELCOME_AD",4294967295,"1_Variant"]},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_subs_dock":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_subs_dock",2748779068,"0_control",2963527433,"1_survey",4294967295,"0_control"]},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_regi_dock":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"MKT_first_party_data_survey_regi_dock",3822520892,"0_control",3908420238,"1_survey",4294967295,"0_control"]},"MKT_first_party_data_survey":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"MKT_first_party_data_survey",2061584301,"0_control",2276332666,"1_survey",3650722201,"0_control",4294967295,"1_survey"]},"GUAC_GROWTH_EXISTING_SUBS_BAR1_SPLIT":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"84bd05a9-a853-4748-90ac-cefc321921e3",858993458,"v7",1288490188,"v7",4294967295,"v7"]},"DFP_Prebid_0624":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"DFP_Prebid_0624",4294967295,"1_Criteo"]},"CONV_TA_PLOPRO":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"7291d95b-8aed-444f-b38e-ff2c59dc2f00",1434519076,"0_control",2864743185,"2_value_cards",4294967295,"2_value_cards"]},"CONV_GUAC_PLOPRO_SLAYER_0224":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"CONV_GUAC_PLOPRO_SLAYER_0224",4294967295,"1_slayer"]},"CONV_GUAC_NewsPaywall_SLAYER_0324":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"CONV_GUAC_NewsPaywall_SLAYER_0324",4294967295,"1_Slayer"]},"CONV_GUAC_CKLP_ExpressCheckOut_RollOut_0124":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"CONV_GUAC_CKLP_ExpressCheckOut_RollOut_0124",4294967295,"1_expresscheckout"]},"CONV_GUAC_CK_AA_Intl_AnnualOffer_0524":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"CONV_GUAC_CK_AA_Intl_AnnualOffer_0524",4294967295,null]},"CONV_GUAC_AALP_SLAYER_0224":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"CONV_GUAC_AALP_SLAYER_0224",4294967295,"1_slayer"]},"CONV_GUAC_AALP_HDAnchor_Test_0424":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"CONV_GUAC_AALP_HDAnchor_Test_0424",1417339207,"1_anchor",4294967295,"1_anchor"]},"CONV_GUAC_AADock_SLAYER_0324":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"CONV_GUAC_AADock_SLAYER_0324",4294967295,"1_slayer"]},"CONV_GAMES_GUAC_PRO_REMOVED_TEST":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"70610249-c5a4-4001-9df1-a622b81db68a",4294967295,"1_pro_removed"]},"AMS_FrictionCircumventionMobile_cwv":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"AMS_FrictionCircumventionMobile_cwv",14315125,"2_low-mid-truncation",214726889,"2_low-mid-truncation",243357141,"2_low-mid-truncation",257672267,"2_low-mid-truncation",271987393,"2_low-mid-truncation",286302519,"2_low-mid-truncation",300617645,"2_low-mid-truncation",314932771,"2_low-mid-truncation",329247897,"2_low-mid-truncation",343563023,"2_low-mid-truncation",357878149,"2_low-mid-truncation",372193275,"2_low-mid-truncation",386508401,"2_low-mid-truncation",400823527,"2_low-mid-truncation",415138653,"2_low-mid-truncation",429453779,"2_low-mid-truncation",443768905,"2_low-mid-truncation",558289913,"2_low-mid-truncation",830277307,"2_low-mid-truncation",1259731087,"2_low-mid-truncation",4294967295,"2_low-mid-truncation"]},"AMS_FrictionCircumventionDesktop_cwv":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"AMS_FrictionCircumventionDesktop_cwv",14315125,"2_low-mid-truncation",214726889,"2_low-mid-truncation",243357141,"2_low-mid-truncation",257672267,"2_low-mid-truncation",271987393,"2_low-mid-truncation",286302519,"2_low-mid-truncation",300617645,"2_low-mid-truncation",314932771,"2_low-mid-truncation",329247897,"2_low-mid-truncation",343563023,"2_low-mid-truncation",357878149,"2_low-mid-truncation",372193275,"2_low-mid-truncation",386508401,"2_low-mid-truncation",400823527,"2_low-mid-truncation",415138653,"2_low-mid-truncation",429453779,"2_low-mid-truncation",443768905,"2_low-mid-truncation",458084031,"2_low-mid-truncation",644180669,"2_low-mid-truncation",844592433,"2_low-mid-truncation",1245415961,"2_low-mid-truncation",4294967295,"2_low-mid-truncation"]},"ACCT_PRODUCT_SWITCH_REDESIGN_DIRECT_TO_REVIEW_TEST":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"ACCT_PRODUCT_SWITCH_REDESIGN_DIRECT_TO_REVIEW_TEST",1431942095,"0_Control",2863454695,"1_No_AA_Merchandising_Card",4294967295,"2_AA_Merchandising_Card"]},"ACAC_SupergraphRollout":{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"agent_id"},"ACAC_SupergraphRollout",4294967295,"supergraph"]},"AA_OnboardingFlow_MVPFlowAppSequence_WebandApp_V1":{"if":[{"and":[{"regex_match":[{"var":"user_entitlements"},"(^|\\W)MM($|\\W)"]},{"regex_match":[{"var":"user_entitlements"},"(^|\\W)CKG($|\\W)"]},{"regex_match":[{"var":"user_entitlements"},"(^|\\W)ATH($|\\W)"]},{"regex_match":[{"var":"user_entitlements"},"(^|\\W)WC($|\\W)"]},{"regex_match":[{"var":"user_entitlements"},"(^|\\W)XWD($|\\W)"]},{"!":{"in":[{"ref":"SUBX_regi_alloc_holdout_2024H1"},["0_holdout"]]}},{"!==":[{"var":"app_version"},"10.44.0"]}]},{"abtest_partition":[{"var":"regi_id"},"AA_OnboardingFlow_MVPFlowAppSequence_WebandApp_V1",773094112,"2_appLater",1275605286,"2_appLater",1346472246,"2_appLater",1360645638,"2_appLater",1374819030,"2_appLater",1388992423,"2_appLater",1403165815,"2_appLater",4294967295,"2_appLater"]}]}},"abraURL":"https://a1.nyt.com/abra-config/current/vi-prd.json"}]); })();;(function () { var _f=function(e,r){var t=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment.isPreloaded;function n(){var n,s,o=e.url;try{n=JSON.parse(e.body)}catch(e){return void console.error("Error parsing body:",e)}try{var i=window.location.search.slice(1).split("&").reduce(function(e,r){return"ip-override"===r.split("=")[0]?"?"+r:e},"");o+=i}catch(e){console.warn(e)}function a(r,n,s,o){var i=new XMLHttpRequest;for(var a in i.withCredentials=!0,i.open(r,n,!0),i.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/json"),i.setRequestHeader("Accept","application/json"),t&&(i.setRequestHeader("NYT-User-Token",window.getNativeBridgeCookie("NYT-S")),i.setRequestHeader("NYT-Agent-ID",window.getNativeBridgeCookie("nyt-a"))),e.headers)i.setRequestHeader(a,e.headers[a]);i.onreadystatechange=function(){i.readyState===XMLHttpRequest.DONE&&o(i)},i.send(s?JSON.stringify(s):null),window.userXhrObject=i}function d(e){var t;if(200===e.status)try{var s=JSON.parse(e.responseText);!s.data&&s.errors&&s.errors.length>0&&"PersistedQueryNotFound"===s.errors[0].message&&(console.warn("Persisted query not found for GET request."),t={operationName:n.operationName,query:n.query,extensions:{persistedQuery:{version:1,sha256Hash:r}},variables:n.variables},a("POST",o,t,function(e){200!==e.status&&console.warn("POST request failed:",e.status,e.statusText)}))}catch(e){console.warn("Error processing response:",e)}else console.warn("Request failed:",e.status,e.statusText)}s="extensions="+encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify({persistedQuery:{version:1,sha256Hash:r}}))+"&operationName="+n.operationName+"&variables="+encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(n.variables)),a("GET",o+"?"+s,null,d)}t&&!window.nativeBridgeCookies?window.initNativeBridgeCookies(function(){n()}):n(),window.userXhrRefresh=function(){return n(),window.userXhrObject}};;_f.apply(null, [{"url":"https://samizdat-graphql.nytimes.com/graphql/v2","body":"{\"operationName\":\"UserQuery\",\"variables\":{},\"query\":\" query UserQuery { user { __typename profile { displayName email givenName } newsletterSubscriptions { newsletters { productCode isFreeTrial freeTrialSignupTime } } userInfo { regiId entitlements demographics { emailSubscriptions wat } } subscriptionDetails { bundleType cancellationDate graceStartDate graceEndDate isFreeTrial hasQueuedSub startDate endDate status hasActiveEntitlements entitlements billingSource promotionTierType subscriptionName subscriptionProducts subscriptionLabels } } } \"}","headers":{"nyt-app-type":"project-vi","nyt-app-version":"0.0.5","nyt-token":"MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAs+/oUCTBmD/cLdmcecrnBMHiU/pxQCn2DDyaPKUOXxi4p0uUSZQzsuq1pJ1m5z1i0YGPd1U1OeGHAChWtqoxC7bFMCXcwnE1oyui9G1uobgpm1GdhtwkR7ta7akVTcsF8zxiXx7DNXIPd2nIJFH83rmkZueKrC4JVaNzjvD+Z03piLn5bHWU6+w+rA+kyJtGgZNTXKyPh6EC6o5N+rknNMG5+CdTq35p8f99WjFawSvYgP9V64kgckbTbtdJ6YhVP58TnuYgr12urtwnIqWP9KSJ1e5vmgf3tunMqWNm6+AnsqNj8mCLdCuc5cEB74CwUeQcP2HQQmbCddBy2y0mEwIDAQAB","x-nyt-targeting-dimensions-map":"newsTenure=anon_user"}},"18b49c689a1a1dda8e2237a503fe06644b44b0f5ca7b1e821a310d9ea9b64bd9"]); })();;(function () { var registry=window._interactiveRegistry={};function getId(e){for(;(e=e.parentElement)&&!e.matches("[data-sourceid].interactive-body"););return e?e.getAttribute("data-sourceid"):null}window.registerInteractive=function(e){var t={_subs:{cleanup:[],remount:[]},id:e,on:function(e,r){return this._subs[e].push(r),t},errorFound:!1},r=document.getElementById("embed-id-"+e),n=new MutationObserver(function(){(r.textContent.includes("500 Internal Error")||r.textContent.includes("200 undefined"))&&(t.errorFound||(window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("trigger-embed-hydration-"+e)),window.Sentry&&window.Sentry.captureException&&window.Sentry.captureException(new Error("Embed load error, triggered manual rehydration: "+e)),t.errorFound=!0))});r&&n.observe(r,{characterData:!0,attributes:!1,childList:!0,subtree:!0}),registry[e]=t},window.getInteractiveBridge=function(e){var t="string"==typeof e?e:getId(e);return registry[t]}; })();;(function () { var _f=function(){"function"!=typeof window.onInitNativeAds&&(window.onInitNativeAds=function(){})};;_f.apply(null, []); })(); </script> <script>!function(){try{var e="undefined"!=typeof window?window:"undefined"!=typeof global?global:"undefined"!=typeof self?self:{},n=(new Error).stack;n&&(e._sentryDebugIds=e._sentryDebugIds||{},e._sentryDebugIds[n]="81f2fd8c-cc94-4e70-9857-1c03607529e4",e._sentryDebugIdIdentifier="sentry-dbid-81f2fd8c-cc94-4e70-9857-1c03607529e4")}catch(e){}}();var _global="undefined"!=typeof window?window:"undefined"!=typeof global?global:"undefined"!=typeof self?self:{};_global.SENTRY_RELEASE={id:"879071da9db62e366a44b09e91e545990df7cced"},function(e){function n(n){for(var r,u,l=n[0],i=n[1],d=n[2],c=0,s=[];c<l.length;c++)u=l[c],Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(o,u)&&o[u]&&s.push(o[u][0]),o[u]=0;for(r in i)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(i,r)&&(e[r]=i[r]);for(a&&a(n);s.length;)s.shift()();return f.push.apply(f,d||[]),t()}function t(){for(var e,n=0;n<f.length;n++){for(var t=f[n],r=!0,l=1;l<t.length;l++){var i=t[l];0!==o[i]&&(r=!1)}r&&(f.splice(n--,1),e=u(u.s=t[0]))}return e}var r={},o={154:0},f=[];function u(n){if(r[n])return r[n].exports;var t=r[n]={i:n,l:!1,exports:{}};return e[n].call(t.exports,t,t.exports,u),t.l=!0,t.exports}u.m=e,u.c=r,u.d=function(e,n,t){u.o(e,n)||Object.defineProperty(e,n,{enumerable:!0,get:t})},u.r=function(e){"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},u.t=function(e,n){if(1&n&&(e=u(e)),8&n)return e;if(4&n&&"object"==typeof e&&e&&e.__esModule)return e;var t=Object.create(null);if(u.r(t),Object.defineProperty(t,"default",{enumerable:!0,value:e}),2&n&&"string"!=typeof e)for(var r in e)u.d(t,r,function(n){return e[n]}.bind(null,r));return t},u.n=function(e){var n=e&&e.__esModule?function(){return e.default}:function(){return e};return u.d(n,"a",n),n},u.o=function(e,n){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,n)},u.p="/vi-assets/static-assets/";var l=window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[],i=l.push.bind(l);l.push=n,l=l.slice();for(var d=0;d<l.length;d++)n(l[d]);var a=i;t()}([]); //# sourceMappingURL=runtime~adslot-5d36bf8124ebb748d52f.js.map</script> <script async src="/vi-assets/static-assets/adslot-c9276bdc350308920280.js"></script> <script data-rh="true" > (function () { var _f=function(){const n="1_block";function o(n){return window&&window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra?window.NYTD.Abra(n):""}window.adClientUtils={hasActiveToggle:function(r){return o(r)!==n},getAbraVar:o,reportExposure:function(n){window&&window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra&&window.NYTD.Abra.reportExposure&&window.NYTD.Abra.reportExposure(n)},getAdsPurrDirective:function(){let n;if(window&&window.config&&window.config.PurrDirectives)n=window.config.PurrDirectives.PURR_AdConfiguration_v3;else{const o={f:"full",r:"rdp",n:"npa",l:"ltd",s:"adluce-socrates",a:"no-ads"},r=function(n){if("string"!=typeof n)return"";const o=document.cookie.match(new RegExp(n.concat("=([^;]+)")));return o?o[1]:""}("nyt-purr");n=o[r&&r.substring(14,15)]}return n}}};;_f.apply(null, []); })(); (function () { var _f=function(t){try{if(!(e=t,!!(window&&window.adClientUtils&&window.adClientUtils.hasActiveToggle)&&window.adClientUtils.hasActiveToggle(e)))return;!function(){const t=window&&window.adClientUtils&&window.adClientUtils.getAdsPurrDirective?window.adClientUtils.getAdsPurrDirective():"";if("adluce-socrates"!==t&&"no-ads"!==t){var e=document.createElement("script");e.async="async",e.src="ltd"===t?"//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/tag/js/gpt.js":"//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js",document.head.appendChild(e)}}()}catch(t){console.log(t)}var e};;_f.apply(null, ["dfp_story_toggle"]); })(); (function () { var _f=function(){var t,e,o=50,n=50;function i(t){if(!document.getElementById("3pCheckIframeId")){if(t||(t=1),!document.body){if(t>o)return;return t+=1,setTimeout(i.bind(null,t),n)}var e,a,r;e="https://static01.nyt.com/ads/tpc-check.html",a=document.body,(r=document.createElement("iframe")).src=e,r.id="3pCheckIframeId",r.style="display:none;",r.height=0,r.width=0,a.insertBefore(r,a.firstChild)}}function a(t){if("https://static01.nyt.com"===t.origin)try{"3PCookieSupported"===t.data&&googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cookie","true")}),"3PCookieNotSupported"===t.data&&googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cookie","false")})}catch(t){}}function r(){if(function(){if(Object.prototype.toString.call(window.HTMLElement).indexOf("Constructor")>0)return!0;if("[object SafariRemoteNotification]"===(!window.safari||safari.pushNotification).toString())return!0;try{return window.localStorage&&/Safari/.test(window.navigator.userAgent)}catch(t){return!1}}()){try{window.openDatabase(null,null,null,null)}catch(e){return t(),!0}try{localStorage.length?e():(localStorage.x=1,localStorage.removeItem("x"),e())}catch(o){navigator.cookieEnabled?t():e()}return!0}}!function(){try{googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cookie","unknown")})}catch(t){}}(),t=function(){try{googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cookie","private")})}catch(t){}}||function(){},e=function(){window.addEventListener("message",a,!1),i(0)}||function(){},function(){if(window.webkitRequestFileSystem)return window.webkitRequestFileSystem(window.TEMPORARY,1,e,t),!0}()||r()||function(){if(!window.indexedDB&&(window.PointerEvent||window.MSPointerEvent))return t(),!0}()||e()};;_f.apply(null, ["dfp_story_toggle"]); })(); </script><script data-rh="true" id="als-svc">(function () { var _f=function(e,t,n,i){function l(e,t="impression"){window.UnifiedTracking&&window.UnifiedTracking.sendAnalytic&&window.UnifiedTracking.sendAnalytic(t,e)}var o;if(!(o=n,!!(window&&window.adClientUtils&&window.adClientUtils.hasActiveToggle)&&window.adClientUtils.hasActiveToggle(o)))return;!function(e){window&&window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra&&window.NYTD.Abra.reportExposure(e)}(n);let a=()=>{var e=new Date,t=e.getFullYear();return e.getMonth()<9&&(t+="0"),t+=e.getMonth()+1,e.getDate()<10&&(t+="0"),t+=e.getDate(),e.getHours()<10&&(t+="0"),t+=e.getHours(),e.getMinutes()<10&&(t+="0"),t+=e.getMinutes(),e.getSeconds()<10&&(t+="0"),t+e.getSeconds()};window.googletag=window.googletag||{},googletag.cmd=googletag.cmd||[];let s=new URLSearchParams(location.search).get("alice_rules_test");var r,d=new XMLHttpRequest,g=window.vi.env.ALS_URL,c=document.querySelector('[name="nyt_uri"]');if(t)r="uri="+(u=t);else if("/"===location.pathname){var u=encodeURIComponent("https://www.nytimes.com/pages/index.html");r="uri="+u}else if(void 0===c||""===c||null===c){var m=e||location.protocol+"//"+location.hostname+location.pathname;r="url="+encodeURIComponent(m)}else{u=encodeURIComponent(c.content);r="uri="+u}var w=i;if(!w){var _=document.querySelector('[name="template"]');w=null==_||null==_.content?"":_.content}var p=document.querySelector('[name="prop"]'),b=document.querySelector('[name="plat"]'),f=null==p||null==p.content?"nyt":p.content,v=null==b||null==b.content?"web":b.content;window.innerWidth<740&&(f="mnyt",v="mweb");var U=window.localStorage.getItem("als_test_clientside"),h=null;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=U&&0!==U.length?U:"empty_empty_empty_"+a(),t=h||e;googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",t)});var T=window.localStorage.getItem("mktg"),S=null;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=S||T;e&&googletag.pubads().setTargeting("mktg",e)});var C,y=window.localStorage.getItem("bt");window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=null!=C?C:y;null!=e&&googletag.pubads().setTargeting("bt",e)});var x=window.localStorage.getItem("sub"),k=null;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=k||x;e&&googletag.pubads().setTargeting("sub",e)}),r=null==s?r:r+"&alice_rules_test="+s,d.open("GET",g+"/als?"+r+"&typ="+w+"&prop="+f+"&plat="+v,!0),d.withCredentials=!0,d.send(),d.onerror=function(){var e="reqfailed_reqfailed_reqfailed_"+a();h=e,window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",e)}),l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-reqfail-"+r}})},d.onreadystatechange=function(){if(4===d.readyState)if(200===d.status){var e=JSON.parse(d.responseText);h=e.als_test_clientside&&0!==e.als_test_clientside.length?e.als_test_clientside:"bou_bou_bou_"+a(),void 0!==e.User&&(void 0!==e.User.mktg&&(S=e.User.mktg,window.localStorage.setItem("mktg",e.User.mktg)),void 0!==e.User.bt&&(C=e.User.bt,window.localStorage.setItem("bt",e.User.bt)),void 0!==e.User.sub&&(k=e.User.sub,window.localStorage.setItem("sub",e.User.sub)),void 0!==e.User.aid&&(server_aid=e.User.aid,window.localStorage.setItem("aid",e.User.aid))),window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){if(e.als_test_clientside&&0!==e.als_test_clientside.length)googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",e.als_test_clientside),window.localStorage.setItem("als_test_clientside","ls-"+e.als_test_clientside);else{var t=void 0===e.als_test_clientside?"undefined_undefined_undefined_"+a():"blank_blank_blank_"+a();googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",t),l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-test-client-undefined"}})}if(void 0!==e.User){if(S)googletag.pubads().setTargeting("mktg",S);else l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-mktg-undefined"}});if(void 0!==C)googletag.pubads().setTargeting("bt",C);else l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-bt-undefined"}});if(k)googletag.pubads().setTargeting("sub",k);else l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-sub-undefined"}});(e.User.lucidC1||e.User.lucidC2||e.User.lucidC3||e.User.lucidC4||e.User.lucidC5)&&l({c1_val:e.User.lucidC1,c2_val:e.User.lucidC2,c3_val:e.User.lucidC3,c4_val:e.User.lucidC4,c5_val:e.User.lucidC5},"lucidtest")}else{l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-user-undefined"}})}if(void 0!==e.Asset)for(var n in e.Asset){var i=e.Asset[n];if(i)googletag.pubads().setTargeting(n,i);else l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-"+n+"-undefined"}})}else l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-asset-undefined"}})})}else{d.responseText.substring(0,40);var t="error_"+d.status+"_error_"+a();window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting("als_test_clientside",t)}),l({module:{name:"alice-timing",context:"script-load",label:"alice-error-ajaxreq-"+d.status+"-"+r}})}}};;_f.apply(null, [null,null,"als_toggle","art"]); })();</script><script data-rh="true" id="adslot-config">(function() { var AdSlot4=function(){"use strict";var e=function(){return window.AdSlot4=window.AdSlot4||{},window.AdSlot4.cmd=window.AdSlot4.cmd||[],window.AdSlot4};var t=function(){return t=Object.assign||function(e){for(var t,n=1,i=arguments.length;n<i;n++)for(var o in t=arguments[n])Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,o)&&(e[o]=t[o]);return e},t.apply(this,arguments)};"function"==typeof SuppressedError&&SuppressedError;var n=[{name:"PURR_AcceptableTrackers",valueMapping:{controllers:"c",processors:"p"}},{name:"PURR_AdConfiguration",valueMapping:{full:"f",npa:"n","adluce-socrates":"s"}},{name:"PURR_DataSaleOptOutUI",valueMapping:{hide:"h",show:"s"}},{name:"PURR_DataProcessingConsentUI",valueMapping:{hide:"h",show:"s"}},{name:"PURR_AcceptableTrackers_v2",valueMapping:{controllers:"c",processors:"p",essentials:"e"}},{name:"PURR_AdConfiguration_v2",valueMapping:{full:"f",rdp:"r",npa:"n",adluce:"a","adluce-socrates":"s"}},{name:"PURR_DataProcessingPreferenceUI",valueMapping:{hide:"h","allow-opt-out":"o","allow-opt-in":"i","allow-opt-in-or-out":"a"}},{name:"PURR_DataSaleOptOutUI_v2",valueMapping:{hide:"h",show:"s","show-opted-out":"o"}},{name:"PURR_CaliforniaNoticesUI",valueMapping:{hide:"h",show:"s"}},{name:"PURR_EmailMarketingOptInUI",valueMapping:{checked:"c",unchecked:"u"}},{name:"PURR_DeleteIPAddress",valueMapping:{delete:"d",keep:"k"}},{name:"PURR_AdConfiguration_v3",valueMapping:{full:"f",rdp:"r",npa:"n",ltd:"l","adluce-socrates":"s"}},{name:"PURR_LimitSensitivePI",valueMapping:{hide:"h",show:"s"}},{name:"PURR_EmailMarketingOptInUI_v2",valueMapping:{checked:"c",unchecked:"u","do-not-display":"d"}},{name:"PURR_AdConfiguration_v4",valueMapping:{full:"f",rdp:"r",npa:"n",ltd:"l","adluce-socrates":"s","no-ads":"a"}}],i=function(e){return-1!==document.cookie.indexOf(e)},o=function(e){var t,i,o={PURR_AcceptableTrackers:0,PURR_AdConfiguration:5,PURR_DataSaleOptOutUI:2,PURR_DataProcessingConsentUI:3,PURR_AcceptableTrackers_v2:4,PURR_AdConfiguration_v2:5,PURR_DataProcessingPreferenceUI:6,PURR_DataSaleOptOutUI_v2:7,PURR_CaliforniaNoticesUI:8,PURR_EmailMarketingOptInUI:9,PURR_DeleteIPAddress:10,PURR_AdConfiguration_v3:11,PURR_LimitSensitivePI:12,PURR_EmailMarketingOptInUI_v2:13,PURR_AdConfiguration_v4:14},r=(t=e,2===(i="; ".concat(document.cookie).split("; ".concat(t,"="))).length?i.pop().split(";").shift():null),a={};return Object.keys(o).forEach((function(e){var t,n,i;a[e]=(t=r,n=new RegExp("^.{".concat(o[e],"}(.)")),(null==(i=t.match(n))?void 0:i[1])||"")})),n.forEach((function(e){Object.keys(e.valueMapping).forEach((function(t){e.valueMapping[t]===a[e.name]&&(a[e.name]=t)}))})),a},r={PURR_DataSaleOptOutUI:"hide",PURR_DataSaleOptOutUI_v2:"hide",PURR_CaliforniaNoticesUI:"hide",PURR_DataProcessingConsentUI:"hide",PURR_DataProcessingPreferenceUI:"hide",PURR_AcceptableTrackers_v2:"controllers",PURR_AcceptableTrackers:"controllers",PURR_AdConfiguration_v2:"full",PURR_AdConfiguration:"full",PURR_EmailMarketingOptInUI:"unchecked",PURR_DeleteIPAddress:"delete",PURR_AdConfiguration_v3:"full",PURR_LimitSensitivePI:"hide",PURR_EmailMarketingOptInUI_v2:"unchecked",PURR_AdConfiguration_v4:"full"},a=function(){var e;try{return function(){if("undefined"!=typeof window){var e=window.navigator.userAgent||window.navigator.vendor,t=-1!==e.indexOf("nyt_android"),n=-1!==e.indexOf("nytios"),i=-1!==e.indexOf("nyt_xwords_ios"),o=-1!==e.indexOf("Crosswords");return t||n||i||o}return!1}()?(null===(e=null===window||void 0===window?void 0:window.config)||void 0===e?void 0:e.PurrDirectives)?window.config.PurrDirectives:i("override-purr")?o("override-purr"):t({},r):i("nyt-purr")?o("nyt-purr"):t({},r)}catch(e){return console.warn("can’t get directives from cookie or config",e),t({},r)}},d=function(){var e={};return"undefined"!=typeof window&&window.document&&window.document.createElement&&(e=a().PURR_AdConfiguration_v3||a().PURR_AdConfiguration_v2),e};var c=function(){return"full"===d()};function s(e,t,n){var i=document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],o=document.createElement("script");t&&(o.onload=t),n&&(o.onerror=n),o.src=e,o.async=!0,i.appendChild(o)}var u={32074718:!0,4792640386:!0,21966278:!0,4558311760:!0,4552626466:!0,4400775978:!0,39318518:!0,4874174581:!0,33597638:!0,38636678:!0,38637278:!0,33597998:!0,33613118:!0,30252878:!0,33597758:!0,5154427359:!0},l="script_loader_error",p=function(){e().cmd.push((function(){var t="".concat("GeoEdge"," failed to load");e().events.publish({name:l,value:{message:t}})}))},m=function(){return!window.grumi&&(s("//rumcdn.geoedge.be/b3960cc6-bfd2-4adc-910c-6e917e8a6a0e/grumi-ip.js",null,p),window.grumi={key:"b3960cc6-bfd2-4adc-910c-6e917e8a6a0e",cfg:{advs:u}},!0)},f="A9",v=[[300,50],[320,50],[300,250],[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]],g=function(){if(!window.apstag){var e="".concat(f," not loading properly");console.warn(e)}},w="BidderError",b=function(){e().cmd.push((function(){var t="".concat(f," failed to load");e().events.publish({name:w,value:{type:f,message:t}})}))},_=function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:window;return e.googletag=e.googletag||{},e.googletag.cmd=e.googletag.cmd||[],e.googletag},h=function(e){return!(!window.apstag||!window.apstag.fetchBids)&&(window.apstag.fetchBids({slots:e},void(window.apstag&&window.apstag.setDisplayBids&&_().cmd.push(window.apstag.setDisplayBids()))),!0)},R="AdEmpty",P="AdBlockOn",y="AdDefined",U="AdRefreshed";var I=function(e,t){var n=[].concat(function(e,t){return[].concat(e).slice().sort((function(e,t){return t[0]-e[0]})).find((function(e){return!Number.isNaN(e[0])&&e[0]<t}))}(e,t)).pop();return n&&n.length?n:null},A=function(e,t,n){return function(){var i=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},o=i.sizes,r=void 0===o?[]:o,a=i.truePosition,d=i.id;if(t&&n.fastFetchSlots.map((function(e){return e.id})).includes(d))return!1;var c,s=I(r,window.innerWidth),u=(c=s,Array.isArray(c)?v.filter((function(e){return c.some((function(t){return t[0]===e[0]&&t[1]===e[1]}))})):(console.warn("filterSizes() did not receive an array"),[]));if(u.length>0){var l=(null==n?void 0:n.pageName)||e,p=[{slotID:a||d,slotName:"".concat(a||d,"_").concat(l,"_web"),sizes:u}];return h(p),!0}return!1}},O=function(t,n,i){e().cmd.push((function(){t&&h(function(e,t,n){var i=(null==n?void 0:n.pageName)||t;return n.fastFetchSlots.map((function(e){var t=e.id,n=e.sizes;return{slotID:t,slotName:"".concat(t,"_").concat(i,"_web"),sizes:n}}))}(window.innerWidth,n,i)),e().events.subscribe({name:y,scope:"all",callback:A(n,t,i)})}))},k=function(e,t,n,i){var o=function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"apstag",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:window;if(!t[e]){var n=function(n,i){return t[e]._Q.push([n,i])};t[e]={_Q:[],init:function(){n("i",arguments)},fetchBids:function(){n("f",arguments)},setDisplayBids:function(){},targetingKeys:function(){return[]}}}return t[e]}("apstag",window);o.init({pubID:"3030",deals:!0,adServer:"googletag",params:{si_section:t}}),O(e,n,i)};function x(e,t,n){return(t=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||!e)return e;var n=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==n){var i=n.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof i)return i;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:t+""}(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function D(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(i=i.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,i)}return n}function S(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?D(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(t){x(e,t,n[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):D(Object(n)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,t))}))}return e}var j={art:{id:["mobile_top","top","story-ad-1","story-ad-2","story-ad-3","story-ad-4","story-ad-5","story-ad-6","bottom"],pos:["mobile_top","top","mid1","mid2","mid3","mid4","mid5","mid6","bottom"]},int:{id:["top","mid1","mid2","bottom"],pos:["top","mid1","mid2","bottom"]},hp:{id:["dfp-ad-top","dfp-ad-mid1","dfp-ad-mid2","dfp-ad-mid3","dfp-ad-bottom"],pos:["top","mid1","mid2","mid3","bottom"]},ss:{id:["right-0","right-1","right-2","right-3"],pos:["mid1","mid1","mid1","mid1"],size:{small:[[300,250]],medium:[[300,250]],large:[[300,250]]}},sf:{id:["top","mid1","mid2"],pos:["top","mid1","mid2"],size:{small:[[300,250]],medium:[[300,250]],large:[[300,250]]}},games:{id:["ad-top","ad-mid1","ad-bottom","intsl"],pos:["top","mid1","bottom","intsl"]},default:{id:["top","mid1","mid2"],pos:["top","mid1","mid2"],size:{small:[[300,250]],medium:[[728,90]],large:[[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]]}}},C={top:2088370,mid:2088372,bottom:2088374,intsl:3614988,default:2088376},E={top:544112060,mid:544112063,bottom:544112062,intsl:561454180,default:544112065},M={top:684296214,mid:190706820,bottom:932254072,intsl:868466422,default:153468583},T={top:"NYTimes_728x90_970_top_PB",mid:"NYTimes_728x90_970_mid_PB",bottom:"NYTimes_728x90_970_bot_PB",intsl:"NYT_mobile_Interstitial_Prebid",default:"NYTimes_728x90_970_mid_PB"},z={top:"nytimes_top",mid:"nytimes_mid",bottom:"nytimes_bottom",intsl:"6401830",default:"nytimes_catchall"},N={top:"995821",mid:"995822",bottom:"995823",intsl:"11499610",default:"995824"},B={TOP:"top",MID:"mid",BOTTOM:"bottom",INTSL:"intsl"},Y={buckets:[{max:3,increment:.05},{max:10,increment:.01},{max:20,increment:.1},{max:50,increment:.5},{max:101,increment:1}]},F=function(e,t){return e[Object.values(B).reduce((function(e,n){return t.includes(n)?n:e}),t)]||e.default},Q=function(e,t){var n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:[],i=[{bidder:"appnexus",params:{member:3661,invCode:"nyt_".concat(e,"_").concat(t)}},{bidder:"criteo",params:{pubid:"B7HPLK",networkId:10470}},{bidder:"medianet",params:{cid:"8CU4WQK98",crid:F(M,t)}},{bidder:"rubicon",params:{accountId:12330,siteId:"crosswords"==e?571306:378266,inventory:{invCode:["nyt_".concat(e,"_").concat(t)]},zoneId:F(C,t),position:"top"===t?"atf":"btf"}},{bidder:"openx",params:{unit:F(E,t),delDomain:"nytimes-d.openx.net",customParams:{invCode:"nyt_".concat(e,"_").concat(t)}}},{bidder:"triplelift",params:{inventoryCode:F(T,t)}},{bidder:"pubmatic",params:{publisherId:"163427",adSlot:F(z,t)}},{bidder:"ix",params:{siteId:F(N,t)}}],o=i.filter((function(e){return!["pubmatic","ix"].includes(e.bidder)}));return n.length?i.filter((function(e){return n.includes(e.bidder)})):o},L=function(e){var t;switch(e){case"livebl":t="hp";break;case"coll":t="sf";break;default:t=e}return t in j||(t="default"),t};function V(e,t,n){var i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{},o=i.sizeConfig,r=i.activeBidders,a=i.positionsToFilter,d=void 0===a?[]:a,c=L(t),s=j[c].size?c:"default";return j[c].pos.reduce((function(t,i,a){var u;if(d.includes(i))return t;var l=j[c].id[a],p=S(S({},j[s].size),null==o||null===(u=o[l])||void 0===u?void 0:u.size),m=function(e,t){if(!t||""===t)return{};var n="".concat(t,"/").concat(e);return{ortb2Imp:S(S({},"intsl"===e&&{instl:1}),{},{ext:{gpid:n,data:{pbadslot:n}}})}}(l,n),f=S(S({code:l},m),{},{mediaTypes:{banner:{sizeConfig:[{minViewPort:[970,0],sizes:p.large},{minViewPort:[728,0],sizes:p.medium},{minViewPort:[0,0],sizes:p.small}]}},bids:Q(e,i,r)});return t.push(f),t}),[])}var H="PreBid",K={userSync:{userIds:[{name:"identityLink",params:{pid:"14158",notUse3P:!0},storage:{type:"html5",name:"idl_env",expires:15,refreshInSeconds:1800}},{name:"pairId",params:{liveramp:{storageKey:"_lr_pairId"}}},{name:"uid2",params:{serverPublicKey:"UID2-X-P-MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAEb2nFEsnJ0npRQbsCE7O7IINIMdgu4J29kiA1Hm7GYqfTQAsmqgAQD1YfVkuBR319JpxJYrJzO6Vp73++LTlIwA==",subscriptionId:"jCQUsadB4p"}}],syncDelay:3e3}};var q=function(t){window.pbjs=window.pbjs||{},window.pbjs.initAdserverSet||(window.pbjs.initAdserverSet=!0,e().cmd.push((function(){e().events.subscribe({name:y,scope:"all",callback:function(e){_().cmd.push((function(){var n=function(e){var t=L(e);return j[t].id}(t);n.includes(e.id)&&window.pbjs.setTargetingForGPTAsync([e.id])}))}})})))},G=function(t,n,i){var o=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{},r=function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:window;return e.pbjs=e.pbjs||{},e.pbjs.que=e.pbjs.que||[],e.pbjs}(),a=o.priceGranularity;r.setConfig(S({priceGranularity:a||Y},K)),function(t,n,i,o,r){var a=function(e,n){window.pbjs.initAdserverSet=!1,t.requestBids({bidsBackHandler:function(){q(e)},timeout:n})};e().cmd.push((function(){t.que.push((function(){t.addAdUnits(V(n,i,o,r)),a(i,1e4),e().events.subscribe({name:U,scope:"all",callback:function(){a(i,800)}})}))}))}(r,t,n,i,o)},J=function(){e().cmd.push((function(){var t="".concat(H," failed to load");e().events.publish({name:w,value:{type:H,message:t}})}))},Z=function(e,t,n,i){if(!window.pbjs){return s("https://www.nytimes.com/ads/prebid9.26.0.js",function(e,t,n,i){return function(){window.pbjs||console.log("prebid did not load"),G(e,t,n,i)}}(e,t,n,i),J),!0}return!1},W=function(){try{var e=((i=document.createElement("div")).innerHTML=" ",i.className="ad adsbox pub_300x250 pub_300x250m pub_728x90 text-ad textAd text_ad ad-server",i.style="width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; position: absolute !important; left: -10000px !important; top: -1000px !important;",document.body.prepend(i),document.getElementsByClassName("ad adsbox")[0]),t=!(!(n=e)||0!==n.offsetHeight&&0!==n.clientHeight)||function(e){if(void 0!==window.getComputedStyle){var t=window.getComputedStyle(e,null);if(t&&("none"===t.getPropertyValue("display")||"hidden"===t.getPropertyValue("visibility")))return!0}return!1}(e);return function(e){document.body.removeChild(e)}(e),t}catch(e){console.error("ad class check failed",e)}var n,i;return!1},X=function(){return!(window&&window.AdSlot&&window.AdSlot.AdSlotReady)||(!(window&&window.googletag&&window.googletag.apiReady)||W())},$=function(){var e=window&&window.nyt_et&&window.nyt_et.get_host&&window.nyt_et.get_host();return e?fetch("".concat(e,"/.status"),{credentials:"include",headers:{accept:"*/*","content-type":"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"},mode:"no-cors"}).then((function(){return{success:!0}})).catch((function(e){return console.error("et track blocked",e),{success:!1}})):Promise.resolve({success:!1})};var ee,te,ne=function(e,t,n){var i=function(e){if(!document||!document.cookie||!document.cookie.match)return"";var t=document.cookie.match(new RegExp("".concat(e,"=([^;]+)")));return t?t[1]:""}("nyt-a")||null,o=!!(window&&window.matchMedia&&window.matchMedia("(max-width: 739px)").matches);return"".concat("https://a-reporting.nytimes.com/report.jpg","?mobile=").concat(o,"&block=").concat(n,"&aid=").concat(i,"&pvid=").concat(e,"&et=").concat(t)},ie=function(e,t,n){return!!(window&&window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra&&"1_network_detection"===window.NYTD.Abra("DFP_blockDetect_0221"))&&((new Image).src=ne(e,t,n),!0)},oe=function(t,n){n&&e().cmd.push((function(){var t=e();t.events&&t.events.publish({name:R,value:{type:P}})}));var i=!1;return $().then((function(){i=(arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{success:!1}).success})).catch((function(){})).finally((function(){ie(t,i,n)}))},re=function(e){window.addEventListener("load",function(e){return function(){oe(e,X())}}(e))},ae=function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(ee)return!1;var t,n,i=e.loadAmazon,o=void 0===i||i,r=e.loadPrebid,a=void 0===r||r,d=e.setFastFetch,u=void 0!==d&&d,l=e.loadGeoEdge,p=void 0===l||l,f=e.section,v=void 0===f?"none":f,w=e.adUnitPath,_=void 0===w?"":w,h=e.pageViewId,R=void 0===h?"":h,P=e.pageType,y=void 0===P?"":P,U=e.prebidOverrides,I=void 0===U?{}:U,A=e.amazonOverrides,O=void 0===A?{}:A;if(t=document.referrer||"",(n=/([a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+)(@|%40)([a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+).([a-zA-Z]{2,5})/).test(t)||n.test(window.location.href))return!1;if(c()){var x=new RegExp(/art/).test(y)?"art":y;p&&m(),o&&function(e,t,n,i){!window.apstag&&(s("//c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js",g,b),k(e,t,n,i))}(u,v,x,O),a&&Z(v,x,_,I)}return re(R),ee=!0,!0};return(te=e()).loadScripts=te.loadScripts||ae,window.AdSlot4=te,te}(); (function () { var _f=function(e={}){const i=window&&window.AdSlot4,t=!!window.adClientUtils.getAbraVar("DFP_Prebid_Web_Toggle_0924"),n=!!window.adClientUtils.getAbraVar("DFP_Amzn_Web_Toggle_0924"),o=!!window.adClientUtils.getAbraVar("DFP_MediaNet_Web_Toggle_0125"),a=window.adClientUtils.getAbraVar("DFP_Prebid_0624"),d=window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment||{},r=d&&"IOS"===d.deviceType&&d.isInWebview;function w(){const e=window.matchMedia("(max-width: 739px)");return e&&e.matches}try{const{adToggleMap:d,pageType:s,prebidOverrides:c,adSizesMapping:l,section:p,adUnitPath:g,isSectionThirdPartyEligible:u,setFastFetch:b,headerBidding:m={}}=e,h=function(e,i){const t=window.matchMedia("(min-width: 741px)").matches?"large":window.matchMedia("(min-width: 601px)").matches?"medium":"small";return{pageName:e,fastFetchSlots:function(e,i){return"art"!==i&&"hp"!==i?["top"]:"art"===i?"small"===e?["mobile_top"]:["top"]:"small"===e?[]:["dfp-ad-top"]}(t,e).map(e=>({id:e,sizes:i[e][t]}))}}(s,l),{useAmazon:_,usePrebid:A,useMediaNet:P}=m,y=Object.keys(d).reduce((e,i)=>{const t=d[i]||"";return e[i]=function(e){return!!(window&&window.adClientUtils&&window.adClientUtils.hasActiveToggle)&&window.adClientUtils.hasActiveToggle(e)}(t),e},{}),{amazon:S,geoedge:T}=y,v=c&&c.positionsToFilter||[],x=w()?v.concat(["top"]):v,f=["appnexus","medianet","rubicon","openx","triplelift","ix","pubmatic"];if(a&&window.adClientUtils.reportExposure("DFP_Prebid_0624"),"1_Criteo"===a&&f.push("criteo"),"function"==typeof i.loadScripts&&i.loadScripts({loadAmazon:_&&S&&u&&!n,loadPrebid:A&&u&&!t&&!r,loadMediaNet:P&&u&&!o,setFastFetch:"art"===s?b:!w()&&b,section:p,adUnitPath:g,prebidOverrides:{...c,positionsToFilter:x,activeBidders:f},amazonOverrides:h,pageType:s,pageViewId:window&&window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.PageViewId&&window.NYTD.PageViewId.current?window.NYTD.PageViewId.current:"",loadGeoEdge:T}),t&&window.Sentry&&window.Sentry.captureException){const e=new Error("Ads are disabled via Abra toggle - Prebid");window.Sentry.captureException(e)}if(n&&window.Sentry&&window.Sentry.captureException){const e=new Error("Ads are disabled via Abra toggle - Amazon");window.Sentry.captureException(e)}if(o&&window.Sentry&&window.Sentry.captureException){const e=new Error("Ads are disabled via Abra toggle - MediaNet");window.Sentry.captureException(e)}}catch(e){console.error(e)}};;_f.apply(null, [{"adToggleMap":{"amazon":"amazon_story_toggle","medianet":"medianet_story_toggle","dfp":"dfp_story_toggle","geoedge":"geoedge_toggle"},"pageType":"art","section":"opinion","adUnitPath":"/29390238/nyt/opinion","isSectionThirdPartyEligible":true,"setFastFetch":true,"prebidOverrides":{"positionsToFilter":["mobile_top"]},"adSizesMapping":{"mobile_top":{"medium":[[300,50],[320,50]],"small":[[300,50],[320,50]]},"top":{"large":[[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]],"medium":[[728,90],[300,250]],"small":[[300,250]]},"dfp-ad-top":{"large":[[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]],"medium":[[728,90],[300,250]],"small":[[300,250]]}},"headerBidding":{"useAmazon":true,"usePrebid":true,"useMediaNet":false}}]); })(); (function () { var _f=function(t={},e={},n=""){window.AdSlot4=window.AdSlot4||{},window.AdSlot4.cmd=window.AdSlot4.cmd||[],window.AdSlot4.clientRequirements={mergeObjects:function(t,...e){return e.reduce(function(t,e){return Object.entries(e).reduce(function(t,[e,n]){return t[e]&&null==n?t:Object.assign({},t,{[e]:n})},t)},t)},isFunction:function(t){return"[object Function]"===Object.prototype.toString.call(t)},getWebviewEnv:function(){return window.vi&&window.vi.webviewEnvironment||{}},getAbraVariant:function(t){if(!(window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra&&window.NYTD.Abra.getAbraSync&&this.isFunction(window.NYTD.Abra.getAbraSync)))return void console.warn("Abra does not exist or is not a function");const e=window.NYTD.Abra.getAbraSync(t);return e&&e.variant},shouldHaltDFP:function(t){return"1_block"===this.getAbraVariant(t)},isAdsDisabled:function(t={}){const{adTargeting:{section:e}={},adsDisabled:n,adUnitPath:i=""}=t,o=i&&i.toLowerCase&&i.toLowerCase().includes("tragedy"),r=!!this.getAbraVariant("DFP_GPT_Web_Toggle_0924");if(r&&window.Sentry&&window.Sentry.captureException){const t=new Error("Ads are disabled via Abra toggle");window.Sentry.captureException(t)}return n||"learning"===e||o||r},getSov:function(t={}){return t.sov=t.sov||(Math.floor(4*Math.random())+1).toString(),{sov:t.sov}},getPageViewId:function(t){return{page_view_id:t&&t.current}},getUserData:function(t="{}"){try{const e=JSON.parse(t).data;return e&&e.user}catch(t){console.warn("userinfo data unavailable")}},getEm:function(t){return t&&t.length?{em:t.toString().toLowerCase()}:{}},getWat:function(t){return t?{wat:t.toLowerCase()}:{}},getDemographics:function(t){return this.mergeObjects(this.getEm(t&&t.emailSubscriptions),this.getWat(t&&t.wat))},isValidDfpTest:function(t){return t.toLowerCase().indexOf("dfp")>-1},joinArgumentsForVariant:function(){if(arguments.length)return[].slice.call(arguments).join("_").toLowerCase()},reduceAbraConfigKeysToDfpVariants:function(t=[],e=""){const n=this.getAbraVariant(e),i=this.joinArgumentsForVariant(e,n);return n&&i?t.concat(i):t},reduceFastlyAbraToDfpVariants:function(t=[],[e,n]=[]){const i=this.isValidDfpTest(e)&&n&&this.joinArgumentsForVariant(e,n);return i?t.concat(i):t},getDFPTestNames:function(t={}){if(!t)return[];const e=this.isValidDfpTest;return Object.keys(t).filter(function(t){return e(t)})},getAbraDfpVariants:function(t={},e={}){let n=[],i=[];if(Object.keys(e).length&&(i=Object.entries(e).reduce(this.reduceFastlyAbraToDfpVariants,[])),t.config&&t.getAbraSync){n=this.getDFPTestNames(t.config).reduce(this.reduceAbraConfigKeysToDfpVariants,[])}return{abra_dfp:[...n,...i]}},isMobile:function(t){const e=t.matchMedia("(max-width: 739px)");return e&&e.matches},isManualRefresh:function(t={}){return!(!t.navigation||1!==t.navigation.type)},getAltLangFromPathname:function(t=""){return 0===t.indexOf("/es/")?"es":""},getAdTargetingProperty:function(t=!1,e=""){let n=t?"m":"";return{prop:(n+=e)+"nyt"}},getAdTargetingPlatform:function(t=!1){return{plat:(t?"m":"")+"web"}},getAdTargetingEdition:function(t=""){return t.length?{edn:t}:{}},getAdTargetingVersion:function(t=!1){return{ver:(t?"m":"")+"vi"}},getNYTA:function(){var t=window.document.cookie.split(";").find(t=>t.includes("nyt-a"))||null;return t&&t.split("=").pop()||null},getHash53:function(t,e){let n=3735928559^e,i=1103547991^e;for(let e,o=0;o<t.length;o++)e=t.charCodeAt(o),n=Math.imul(n^e,2654435761),i=Math.imul(i^e,1597334677);return n=Math.imul(n^n>>>16,2246822507),n^=Math.imul(i^i>>>13,3266489909),i=Math.imul(i^i>>>16,2246822507),4294967296*(2097151&(i^=Math.imul(n^n>>>13,3266489909)))+(n>>>0)},getHashNYTA:function(){var t=this.getNYTA();if(!t)return;let e=this.getHash53(t,64).toString();return e.length<22&&(e=parseInt(e).toString(36)+this.getHash53(t,32).toString(36)+this.getHash53(t,16).toString(36)),e},getPublisherProvidedID:function(){return window.config&&window.config.userInfo&&window.config.userInfo.publisherProvidedID?window.config.userInfo.publisherProvidedID:this.getHashNYTA()},getLazyLoadOffset:function(t){let e=400;if(this.getWebviewEnv().isPreloaded){const n=window.screen&&window.screen.height,i=window.innerHeight,o="hp"===t?8:2;(n||i)&&(e=(n||i)*o)}return e},getAdTargetingHome:function(t,e,n){let i={},o={};return"hp"===t&&(i=e?{topRef:e}:{},o=n?{refresh:"manual"}:{}),this.mergeObjects(i,o)},getHybridConfigAdTargeting:function(t){let e={};return t&&t.config&&t.config.AdRequirements&&this.getWebviewEnv().isPreloaded&&(e=t.config.AdRequirements,"hp"===t.config.AdRequirements.typ&&(delete e.artlen,delete e.ledemedsz)),e},updateAdTargeting:function(t){if(!t)return;let e=t;if("string"==typeof e)try{e=JSON.parse(e)}catch(t){return void console.error("[updateAdTargeting - error parsing ad targeting]",t)}window.AdSlot4&&window.AdSlot4.updateAdReq&&window.AdSlot4.updateAdReq(e)},getAdTargeting:function(t={},n={}){const i=window&&window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.Abra?window.NYTD.Abra:{},o=this.isMobile(window),r=this.getAltLangFromPathname(window.location.pathname),a=this.isManualRefresh(performance);return this.mergeObjects(t,this.getDemographics(n),this.getAdTargetingProperty(o,r),this.getAdTargetingPlatform(o),this.getAdTargetingEdition(r),this.getAdTargetingVersion(o),this.getAdTargetingHome(t.typ,document.referrer,a),this.getAbraDfpVariants(i,e),this.getSov(window),this.getHybridConfigAdTargeting(window),this.getPageViewId(window.NYTD.PageViewId))},testReadyForAds:function(){const t="complete"===document.readyState,e=window.NYTD&&window.NYTD.PageViewId&&window.NYTD.PageViewId.current;return!(!t||!e)},whenReadyForAds:function(t){this.isFunction(t)?this.testReadyForAds()?t():window.addEventListener("readyForAds",t):console.warn("whenReadyForAds expects function")},signalIfReadyForAds:function(){this.testReadyForAds()&&window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("readyForAds",{}))},init:function(t){window.AdSlot4.init&&this.isFunction(window.AdSlot4.init)?window.AdSlot4.init&&window.AdSlot4.init(t):console.warn("AdSlot4.init does not exist or is not a function")},generateConfig:function(t={},e={},n={}){const i=n&&n.userInfo&&n.userInfo.demographics;return this.mergeObjects(t,e,{offset:this.getLazyLoadOffset(e.adTargeting&&e.adTargeting.typ),adTargeting:this.getAdTargeting(e.adTargeting,i),haltDFP:this.shouldHaltDFP(e.dfpToggleName||t.dfpToggleName),adsDisabled:this.isAdsDisabled(e),enablePPID:AdSlot4.clientRequirements.getPublisherProvidedID()})}};for(let t in window.AdSlot4.clientRequirements)window.AdSlot4.clientRequirements[t]=window.AdSlot4.clientRequirements[t].bind(window.AdSlot4.clientRequirements);const i={adUnitPath:"/29390238/nyt/thisIsNotAPath",hideTopAd:AdSlot4.clientRequirements.isMobile(window),lockdownAds:!1,sizeMapping:{top:[[970,["fluid",[728,90],[970,90],[970,250],[1605,300]]],[728,["fluid",[728,90],[1605,300]]],[0,[]]],fp1:[[0,[[195,250],[215,270]]]],fp2:[[0,[[195,250],[215,270]]]],fp3:[[0,[[195,250],[215,270]]]],feat1:[[0,["fluid"]]],feat2:[[0,["fluid"]]],feat3:[[0,["fluid"]]],feat4:[[0,["fluid"]]],mktg:[[1020,[300,250]],[0,[]]],pencil:[[728,[[336,46]],[0,[]]]],pp_edpick:[[0,["fluid"]]],pp_morein:[[0,["fluid"],[210,218]]],ribbon:[[0,["fluid"]]],sponsor:[[765,[150,50]],[0,[320,25]]],supplemental:[[1020,[[300,250],[300,600]]],[0,[]]],chat:[[0,[[300,250],[300,420]]]],column:[[0,[[300,250],[300,420]]]],ressint:[[600,["fluid"]],[0,[[300,250]]]],mobile_top:[[0,[[300,50],[320,50]]]],default:[[970,["fluid",[728,90],[970,90],[970,250],[1605,300]]],[728,["fluid",[728,90],[300,250],[1605,300]]],[0,["fluid",[300,250],[300,420]]]]},adTargeting:{},haltDFP:!1,dfpToggleName:t.dfpToggleName,lazyApi:t.lazyApi||{},adsDisabled:!1};window.AdSlot4.cmd.push(function(){const e=window.AdSlot4.clientRequirements,o=e.getUserData(window&&window.userXhrObject&&window.userXhrObject.responseText);if(e.getWebviewEnv().isPreloaded){if(window.updateAdTargeting=e.updateAdTargeting,window.addEventListener("load",e.signalIfReadyForAds),n){window.googletag=window.googletag||{},window.googletag.cmd=window.googletag.cmd||[];const t="https://www.nytimes.com"+n;window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){window.googletag.pubads().set("page_url",t)})}e.whenReadyForAds(function(){const n=e.generateConfig(i,t,o);e.init(n)})}else{const n=e.generateConfig(i,t,o);e.init(n)}})};;_f.apply(null, [{"adTargeting":{"edn":"us","test":"projectvi","ver":"vi","template":"article","hasVideo":"false","vp":"small","mt":"MT5,MT6","artlen":"long","ledemedsz":"none","als_test":"1740161951572","des":"alcoholicbeverages,alcoholabuse,loneliness,medicineandhealth,cannabisfoodsandproducts,socialmedia","section":"opinion","tt":"60","pt":"nt10,nt11,nt12,nt13,nt16,nt17,nt18,nt19,nt20,nt4,nt6,nt7,pt15,pt21","prop":"mnyt","typ_materials":"#op-ed#","is_viral_on_social":"false","abs":"51005695","coll":"tressiemcmillancottom,sundayopinion,opinioncolumnists,opinion","id":"100000009919957","auth":"tressiemcmillancottom","gscat":"gs_t","bsc":"84111001,84122001,80023001,84211001,84192001,84062001,84212001,84191001,80222002,84081001,84121001,84092030,80222013,80022004,80122013,84061001,84112001,80122002,84091001,84071001,84082011","plat":"mweb","typ":"art","slug":"14cottom","brandsensitive":"false","col":"tressiemcmillancottom","si_section":"opinion"},"adUnitPath":"/29390238/nyt/opinion","dfpToggleName":"dfp_story_toggle","adsDisabled":false},{".ver":"23577.000","AMS_FrictionCircumventionDesktop_cwv":"2_low-mid-truncation","AMS_FrictionCircumventionMobile_cwv":"2_low-mid-truncation","DFP_MediaNet_0123":"","HOME_cwv_chartbeat":"0_Control"},"/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html"]); })(); })(); </script><script data-rh="true" id="live-ramp">(function () { var _f=function(){var e=function(e){var t=document.cookie.match(new RegExp(e+"=([^;]+)"));if(t)return t[1]}("nyt-purr"),t=e&&e.substring(14,15)||"",a=window.navigator.userAgent.match(/(nyt)[_wd-]*(ios)/i),n="atsd",o="_lr_atsDirect";if(!(e&&"r"===t||e&&"l"===t||a)){!function(){if(document||document.head){var e=document.createElement("link");e.href="https://launchpad.privacymanager.io/latest/launchpad.bundle.js",e.as="script",document.head.appendChild(e);var t=document.createElement("script");t.async=!1,t.defer=!0,t.src="https://launchpad-wrapper.privacymanager.io/9fab0bf6-df63-42ca-acc5-caf4de668f40/launchpad-liveramp.js",document.head.appendChild(t)}}();var c=function(){var e,t=[];if(-1!==document.cookie.indexOf(o))try{e=(e=(e=document.cookie.split(";")).filter(e=>e.includes(o)))[0].split("=")[1],e=atob(decodeURIComponent(e)),t=JSON.parse(e).envelope}catch(e){console.warn("Error parsing targeting from cookie.",e)}return t}();c.length>0&&function(e){window.googletag=window.googletag||{cmd:[]},googletag.cmd.push(()=>{googletag.pubads().setTargeting(n,e)})}(c)}};;_f.apply(null, []); })();</script> </head> <body> <div id="app"><div><div><div class="vi-gateway-container" data-testid="vi-gateway-container"><div><div data-agent-experiment="loading" data-regi-experiment="loading" data-feature-gate="loading" data-dynamic-config="loading" data-layer="loading" data-testid="masthead-container" class="NYTAppHideMasthead css-1d02gzt e1m0pzr40"><header class="css-1bymuyk e1m0pzr41"><section class="css-10xu8a0 e1m0pzr42"><div class="css-1ch6mhx ea180rp0"><a class="css-wsvg60" href="#site-content">Skip to content</a><a class="css-wsvg60" href="#site-index">Skip to site index</a></div><div class="css-10698na ell52qj0"><a data-testid="masthead-mobile-logo" aria-label="New York Times homepage" class="css-ijmohz ell52qj1" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 184 25" fill="#000000" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M14.57,2.57C14.57,.55,12.65-.06,11.04,.01V.19c.96,.07,1.7,.46,1.7,1.11,0,.45-.32,1.01-1.28,1.01-.76,0-2.02-.45-3.2-.84-1.3-.45-2.54-.87-3.57-.87-2.02,0-3.55,1.5-3.55,3.36,0,1.5,1.16,2.02,1.63,2.21l.03-.07c-.3-.2-.49-.42-.49-1.06,0-.54,.39-1.26,1.43-1.26,.94,0,2.17,.42,3.8,.88,1.4,.39,2.91,.76,3.75,.87v3.28l-1.58,1.3,1.58,1.36v4.49c-.81,.46-1.75,.61-2.56,.61-1.5,0-2.88-.42-4.02-1.68l4.26-2.07V5.73l-5.2,2.32c.54-1.38,1.55-2.41,2.66-3.08l-.03-.08C3.31,5.73,.5,8.56,.5,12.06c0,4.19,3.35,7.3,7.22,7.3,4.19,0,6.65-3.28,6.61-6.75h-.08c-.61,1.33-1.63,2.59-2.78,3.25v-4.38l1.65-1.33-1.65-1.33v-3.28c1.53,0,3.11-1.01,3.11-2.96M5.8,14.13l-1.21,.61c-.74-.96-1.23-2.32-1.23-4.07,0-.72,.08-1.7,.32-2.39l2.14-.96-.03,6.8h0Zm19.47-5.76l-.81,.64-2.47-2.2-2.86,2.21V.48l-3.89,2.69c.45,.15,.99,.39,.99,1.43v11.81l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.32,2.12,3.11-2.07-.1-.15-.79,.52-1.08-1.08v-7.12l.74-.54,1.7,1.48v6.19c0,3.92-.87,4.73-2.63,5.37v.1c2.93,.12,5.57-.87,5.57-5.89v-6.75l.88-.72-.12-.15h0Zm5.22,10.8l4.51-3.62-.12-.17-2.36,1.87-2.71-2.14v-1.33l4.68-3.3-2.36-3.67-5.2,2.86v6.8l-1.01,.79,.12,.15,.96-.76,3.5,2.54h-.01Zm-.69-5.67v-5.15l2.27,3.55-2.27,1.6ZM53.65,1.61c0-.32-.08-.59-.2-.96h-.07c-.32,.87-.67,1.33-1.68,1.33-.88,0-1.58-.54-1.95-.94,0,.03-2.96,3.42-2.96,3.42l.15,.12,.84-.96c.64,.49,1.21,1.06,2.63,1.08V13.34l-6.06-10.5c-.47-.79-1.28-1.97-2.66-1.97-1.63,0-2.86,1.4-2.66,3.77h.1c.12-.59,.47-1.33,1.18-1.33,.57,0,1.03,.54,1.3,1.03v3.38c-1.87,0-2.93,.87-2.93,2.34,0,.61,.45,1.94,1.72,2.17v-.07c-.17-.17-.34-.32-.34-.67,0-.57,.42-.88,1.18-.88,.12,0,.3,.03,.37,.05v4.38c-2.2,.03-3.89,1.23-3.89,3.31s1.7,2.88,3.47,2.78v-.07c-1.11-.12-1.68-.69-1.68-1.5,0-.88,.64-1.36,1.45-1.36s1.43,.52,1.95,1.11l2.96-3.33-.12-.12-.76,.87c-1.14-1.01-1.87-1.48-3.18-1.68V4.67l8.36,14.57h.45V4.72c1.6-.1,3.03-1.3,3.03-3.11m2.81,17.54l4.51-3.62-.12-.17-2.36,1.87-2.71-2.14v-1.33l4.68-3.3-2.36-3.67-5.2,2.86v6.8l-1.01,.79,.12,.15,.96-.76,3.5,2.54h0Zm-.69-5.67v-5.15l2.27,3.55-2.27,1.6Zm21.22-5.52l-.69,.52-1.97-1.68-2.29,2.07,.94,.88v7.72l-2.34-1.6v-6.26l.81-.57-2.41-2.24-2.24,2.07,.94,.88v7.46l-.15,.1-2.2-1.6v-6.13c0-1.43-.72-1.85-1.63-2.41-.76-.47-1.16-.91-1.16-1.63,0-.79,.69-1.11,.91-1.23-.79-.03-2.98,.76-3.03,2.76-.03,1.03,.47,1.48,.99,1.97,.52,.49,1.01,.96,1.01,1.83v6.01l-1.06,.84,.12,.12,1.01-.79,2.63,2.14,2.51-1.75,2.76,1.75,5.42-3.2v-6.95l1.21-.94-.1-.15h0Zm18.15-5.84l-1.03,.94-2.32-2.02-3.13,2.51V1.19h-.19V18.12c-.34-.05-1.06-.25-1.85-.37V3.58c0-1.03-.74-2.47-2.59-2.47s-3.01,1.56-3.01,2.91h.08c.1-.61,.52-1.16,1.13-1.16s1.18,.39,1.18,1.78v4.04c-1.75,.07-2.81,1.16-2.81,2.34,0,.67,.42,1.92,1.75,1.97v-.1c-.45-.19-.54-.42-.54-.67,0-.59,.57-.79,1.36-.79h.19v6.51c-1.5,.52-2.2,1.53-2.2,2.78,0,1.72,1.38,3.05,3.4,3.05,1.43,0,2.44-.25,3.75-.54,1.06-.22,2.21-.47,2.83-.47,.79,0,1.14,.35,1.14,.91,0,.72-.27,1.08-.69,1.21v.1c1.7-.32,2.69-1.3,2.69-2.83s-1.5-2.54-3.18-2.54c-.87,0-2.44,.27-3.72,.57-1.43,.32-2.66,.47-3.11,.47-.72,0-1.6-.32-1.6-1.28,0-.87,.72-1.56,2.49-1.56,.96,0,1.9,.15,3.08,.42,1.26,.27,2.12,.64,3.2,.64,1.5,0,2.71-.54,2.71-2.74V3.29l1.11-1.01-.12-.15h0Zm-4.24,6.78c-.27,.3-.59,.54-1.11,.54-.57,0-.87-.3-1.14-.54V3.81l.74-.59,1.5,1.28v4.41h0Zm0,2.41c-.25-.25-.57-.47-1.11-.47s-.91,.27-1.14,.47v-2.17c.22,.19,.59,.49,1.14,.49s.87-.25,1.11-.49v2.17Zm0,5.1c0,.84-.42,1.78-1.5,1.78-.17,0-.57-.03-.74-.05v-6.58c.25-.22,.57-.52,1.14-.52,.52,0,.81,.25,1.11,.52v4.86h0Zm8.78,2.74l5.03-3.13v-6.85l-3.25-2.39-5.03,2.88v6.78l-.99,.79,.1,.15,.81-.67,3.33,2.44h0Zm-.37-3.55v-7.3l2.51,1.87v7.3l-2.51-1.87Zm15.01-8.65c-.39,.27-.74,.42-1.11,.42-.39,0-.88-.25-1.14-.57,0,.03-1.87,2.02-1.87,2.02l-1.87-2.02-3.05,2.12,.1,.17,.81-.54,1.11,1.21v6.63l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.49,2.12,3.15-2.09-.1-.15-.81,.49-1.28-1.16v-7.28c.52,.57,1.11,1.06,1.82,1.06,1.28,0,2.14-1.53,2.29-3.11m11.88,9.81l-.94,.59-5.2-7.76,.27-.37c.57,.34,1.08,.81,2.17,.81s2.47-1.14,2.59-3.23c-.27,.37-.81,.81-1.7,.81-.64,0-1.28-.42-1.67-.81l-3.55,5.22,4.71,7.17,3.42-2.27-.1-.17h0Zm-6.31,.19l-.79,.52-1.08-1.08V.48l-3.89,2.69c.45,.15,.99,.39,.99,1.43v11.81l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.32,2.12,3.11-2.07-.1-.15h0Zm22.89-14.39c0-2.02-1.92-2.63-3.53-2.56V.19c.96,.07,1.7,.46,1.7,1.11,0,.45-.32,1.01-1.28,1.01-.76,0-2.02-.45-3.2-.84-1.3-.45-2.54-.87-3.57-.87-2.02,0-3.55,1.5-3.55,3.35,0,1.5,1.16,2.02,1.63,2.21l.03-.07c-.3-.2-.49-.42-.49-1.06,0-.54,.39-1.26,1.43-1.26,.94,0,2.17,.42,3.8,.88,1.4,.39,2.91,.76,3.75,.87v3.28l-1.58,1.3,1.58,1.36v4.49c-.81,.46-1.75,.61-2.56,.61-1.5,0-2.89-.42-4.02-1.68l4.26-2.07V5.73l-5.2,2.32c.54-1.38,1.55-2.41,2.66-3.08l-.03-.08c-3.08,.84-5.89,3.67-5.89,7.17,0,4.19,3.35,7.3,7.22,7.3,4.19,0,6.65-3.28,6.61-6.75h-.07c-.61,1.33-1.63,2.59-2.78,3.25v-4.38l1.65-1.33-1.65-1.33v-3.28c1.53,0,3.11-1.01,3.11-2.96m-8.78,11.56l-1.21,.61c-.74-.96-1.23-2.32-1.23-4.07,0-.72,.07-1.7,.32-2.39l2.14-.96-.03,6.8h0Zm11.93-12.31l-2.17,1.82,1.85,2.09,2.17-1.82-1.85-2.09Zm3.3,15.15l-.79,.52-1.08-1.08v-7.17l.91-.72-.12-.15-.76,.59-1.8-2.14-2.96,2.07,.1,.17,.74-.49,.99,1.23v6.61l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.32,2.12,3.11-2.07-.1-.15h0Zm16.63-.1l-.74,.49-1.16-1.11v-7.03l.94-.72-.12-.15-.84,.64-2.47-2.2-2.78,2.17-2.44-2.17-2.74,2.14-1.85-2.14-2.96,2.07,.1,.17,.74-.49,1.06,1.21v6.61l-.81,.81,2.36,2,2.29-2.07-.94-.88v-7.04l.61-.45,1.7,1.48v6.16l-.79,.81,2.39,2,2.24-2.07-.94-.88v-7.04l.59-.47,1.72,1.5v6.06l-.69,.72,2.41,2.2,3.18-2.17-.1-.15h.02Zm8.6-1.5l-2.36,1.87-2.71-2.14v-1.33l4.68-3.3-2.36-3.67-5.2,2.86v6.93l3.57,2.59,4.51-3.62-.12-.17h0Zm-5.08-1.88v-5.15l2.27,3.55-2.27,1.6Zm14.12-.97l-2-1.53c1.33-1.16,1.8-2.63,1.8-3.69,0-.15-.03-.42-.05-.67h-.08c-.19,.54-.72,1.01-1.53,1.01s-1.26-.45-1.75-.99l-4.58,2.54v3.72l1.75,1.38c-1.75,1.55-2.09,2.51-2.09,3.4s.52,1.67,1.41,2.02l.07-.12c-.22-.19-.42-.32-.42-.79,0-.34,.35-.88,1.14-.88,1.01,0,1.63,.69,1.95,1.06,0-.03,4.38-2.69,4.38-2.69v-3.77h0Zm-1.03-3.05c-.69,1.23-2.21,2.44-3.11,3.13l-1.11-.94v-3.62c.45,.99,1.36,1.82,2.54,1.82,.69,0,1.14-.12,1.67-.39m-1.9,8.13c-.52-1.16-1.63-2-2.86-2-.3,0-1.21-.03-2,.46,.47-.79,1.87-2.21,3.65-3.28l1.21,1.01v3.8Z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="css-1npft71 e1j3jvdr1"></div></section><section id="masthead-bar-one" class="hasLinks css-c5j6tx e1pjtsj62"><div><div class="css-vfkorq e1pjtsj60"><span> </span></div><div class="css-1bvtpon e1pjtsj61"><a class="css-j184jz" href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/todayspaper">Today’s Paper</a></div></div><div class="css-qebcue"></div></section></header></div></div><div><main id="site-content"><div><div class="css-ec8ke8" style="opacity:0.000000001;z-index:-1;visibility:hidden" id="in-story-masthead"><div class="css-1hqnpie"><div class="css-10habuo"><span class="css-1u4hfeb"><a href="/section/opinion">Opinion</a></span><span class="css-1po1uvd">|</span><span class="css-rnl02l">Dry January Is Driving Me to Drink</span></div><div class="css-k008qs"><div class="css-b4nnp0"><a href="/" class="css-93zicp" aria-label="New York Times homepage"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 22"><path d="M15.863 13.08c-.687 1.818-1.923 3.147-3.64 3.916v-3.917l2.129-1.958-2.129-1.889V6.505c1.923-.14 3.228-1.609 3.228-3.358C15.45.84 13.32 0 12.086 0c-.275 0-.55 0-.962.14v.14h.481c.824 0 1.51.42 1.51 1.189 0 .63-.48 1.189-1.304 1.189-2.129 0-4.6-1.749-7.279-1.749C2.13.91.481 2.728.481 4.546c0 1.819 1.03 2.448 2.128 2.798v-.14c-.343-.21-.618-.63-.618-1.189 0-.84.756-1.469 1.648-1.469 2.267 0 5.906 1.959 8.172 1.959h.206v2.727l-2.129 1.889 2.13 1.958v3.987c-.894.35-1.786.49-2.748.49-3.502 0-5.768-2.169-5.768-5.806 0-.839.137-1.678.344-2.518l1.785-.769v7.973l3.57-1.608V6.575L3.984 8.953c.55-1.61 1.648-2.728 2.953-3.358v-.07C3.433 6.295 0 9.023 0 13.08c0 4.686 3.914 7.974 8.446 7.974 4.807 0 7.485-3.288 7.554-7.974h-.137z" fill="#000000"></path></svg></a><span class="css-18z7m18"><a href="/" data-testid="masthead-logo" aria-label="New York Times homepage"><svg class="css-12fr9lp" viewBox="0 0 184 25" fill="#000000" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M14.57,2.57C14.57,.55,12.65-.06,11.04,.01V.19c.96,.07,1.7,.46,1.7,1.11,0,.45-.32,1.01-1.28,1.01-.76,0-2.02-.45-3.2-.84-1.3-.45-2.54-.87-3.57-.87-2.02,0-3.55,1.5-3.55,3.36,0,1.5,1.16,2.02,1.63,2.21l.03-.07c-.3-.2-.49-.42-.49-1.06,0-.54,.39-1.26,1.43-1.26,.94,0,2.17,.42,3.8,.88,1.4,.39,2.91,.76,3.75,.87v3.28l-1.58,1.3,1.58,1.36v4.49c-.81,.46-1.75,.61-2.56,.61-1.5,0-2.88-.42-4.02-1.68l4.26-2.07V5.73l-5.2,2.32c.54-1.38,1.55-2.41,2.66-3.08l-.03-.08C3.31,5.73,.5,8.56,.5,12.06c0,4.19,3.35,7.3,7.22,7.3,4.19,0,6.65-3.28,6.61-6.75h-.08c-.61,1.33-1.63,2.59-2.78,3.25v-4.38l1.65-1.33-1.65-1.33v-3.28c1.53,0,3.11-1.01,3.11-2.96M5.8,14.13l-1.21,.61c-.74-.96-1.23-2.32-1.23-4.07,0-.72,.08-1.7,.32-2.39l2.14-.96-.03,6.8h0Zm19.47-5.76l-.81,.64-2.47-2.2-2.86,2.21V.48l-3.89,2.69c.45,.15,.99,.39,.99,1.43v11.81l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.32,2.12,3.11-2.07-.1-.15-.79,.52-1.08-1.08v-7.12l.74-.54,1.7,1.48v6.19c0,3.92-.87,4.73-2.63,5.37v.1c2.93,.12,5.57-.87,5.57-5.89v-6.75l.88-.72-.12-.15h0Zm5.22,10.8l4.51-3.62-.12-.17-2.36,1.87-2.71-2.14v-1.33l4.68-3.3-2.36-3.67-5.2,2.86v6.8l-1.01,.79,.12,.15,.96-.76,3.5,2.54h-.01Zm-.69-5.67v-5.15l2.27,3.55-2.27,1.6ZM53.65,1.61c0-.32-.08-.59-.2-.96h-.07c-.32,.87-.67,1.33-1.68,1.33-.88,0-1.58-.54-1.95-.94,0,.03-2.96,3.42-2.96,3.42l.15,.12,.84-.96c.64,.49,1.21,1.06,2.63,1.08V13.34l-6.06-10.5c-.47-.79-1.28-1.97-2.66-1.97-1.63,0-2.86,1.4-2.66,3.77h.1c.12-.59,.47-1.33,1.18-1.33,.57,0,1.03,.54,1.3,1.03v3.38c-1.87,0-2.93,.87-2.93,2.34,0,.61,.45,1.94,1.72,2.17v-.07c-.17-.17-.34-.32-.34-.67,0-.57,.42-.88,1.18-.88,.12,0,.3,.03,.37,.05v4.38c-2.2,.03-3.89,1.23-3.89,3.31s1.7,2.88,3.47,2.78v-.07c-1.11-.12-1.68-.69-1.68-1.5,0-.88,.64-1.36,1.45-1.36s1.43,.52,1.95,1.11l2.96-3.33-.12-.12-.76,.87c-1.14-1.01-1.87-1.48-3.18-1.68V4.67l8.36,14.57h.45V4.72c1.6-.1,3.03-1.3,3.03-3.11m2.81,17.54l4.51-3.62-.12-.17-2.36,1.87-2.71-2.14v-1.33l4.68-3.3-2.36-3.67-5.2,2.86v6.8l-1.01,.79,.12,.15,.96-.76,3.5,2.54h0Zm-.69-5.67v-5.15l2.27,3.55-2.27,1.6Zm21.22-5.52l-.69,.52-1.97-1.68-2.29,2.07,.94,.88v7.72l-2.34-1.6v-6.26l.81-.57-2.41-2.24-2.24,2.07,.94,.88v7.46l-.15,.1-2.2-1.6v-6.13c0-1.43-.72-1.85-1.63-2.41-.76-.47-1.16-.91-1.16-1.63,0-.79,.69-1.11,.91-1.23-.79-.03-2.98,.76-3.03,2.76-.03,1.03,.47,1.48,.99,1.97,.52,.49,1.01,.96,1.01,1.83v6.01l-1.06,.84,.12,.12,1.01-.79,2.63,2.14,2.51-1.75,2.76,1.75,5.42-3.2v-6.95l1.21-.94-.1-.15h0Zm18.15-5.84l-1.03,.94-2.32-2.02-3.13,2.51V1.19h-.19V18.12c-.34-.05-1.06-.25-1.85-.37V3.58c0-1.03-.74-2.47-2.59-2.47s-3.01,1.56-3.01,2.91h.08c.1-.61,.52-1.16,1.13-1.16s1.18,.39,1.18,1.78v4.04c-1.75,.07-2.81,1.16-2.81,2.34,0,.67,.42,1.92,1.75,1.97v-.1c-.45-.19-.54-.42-.54-.67,0-.59,.57-.79,1.36-.79h.19v6.51c-1.5,.52-2.2,1.53-2.2,2.78,0,1.72,1.38,3.05,3.4,3.05,1.43,0,2.44-.25,3.75-.54,1.06-.22,2.21-.47,2.83-.47,.79,0,1.14,.35,1.14,.91,0,.72-.27,1.08-.69,1.21v.1c1.7-.32,2.69-1.3,2.69-2.83s-1.5-2.54-3.18-2.54c-.87,0-2.44,.27-3.72,.57-1.43,.32-2.66,.47-3.11,.47-.72,0-1.6-.32-1.6-1.28,0-.87,.72-1.56,2.49-1.56,.96,0,1.9,.15,3.08,.42,1.26,.27,2.12,.64,3.2,.64,1.5,0,2.71-.54,2.71-2.74V3.29l1.11-1.01-.12-.15h0Zm-4.24,6.78c-.27,.3-.59,.54-1.11,.54-.57,0-.87-.3-1.14-.54V3.81l.74-.59,1.5,1.28v4.41h0Zm0,2.41c-.25-.25-.57-.47-1.11-.47s-.91,.27-1.14,.47v-2.17c.22,.19,.59,.49,1.14,.49s.87-.25,1.11-.49v2.17Zm0,5.1c0,.84-.42,1.78-1.5,1.78-.17,0-.57-.03-.74-.05v-6.58c.25-.22,.57-.52,1.14-.52,.52,0,.81,.25,1.11,.52v4.86h0Zm8.78,2.74l5.03-3.13v-6.85l-3.25-2.39-5.03,2.88v6.78l-.99,.79,.1,.15,.81-.67,3.33,2.44h0Zm-.37-3.55v-7.3l2.51,1.87v7.3l-2.51-1.87Zm15.01-8.65c-.39,.27-.74,.42-1.11,.42-.39,0-.88-.25-1.14-.57,0,.03-1.87,2.02-1.87,2.02l-1.87-2.02-3.05,2.12,.1,.17,.81-.54,1.11,1.21v6.63l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.49,2.12,3.15-2.09-.1-.15-.81,.49-1.28-1.16v-7.28c.52,.57,1.11,1.06,1.82,1.06,1.28,0,2.14-1.53,2.29-3.11m11.88,9.81l-.94,.59-5.2-7.76,.27-.37c.57,.34,1.08,.81,2.17,.81s2.47-1.14,2.59-3.23c-.27,.37-.81,.81-1.7,.81-.64,0-1.28-.42-1.67-.81l-3.55,5.22,4.71,7.17,3.42-2.27-.1-.17h0Zm-6.31,.19l-.79,.52-1.08-1.08V.48l-3.89,2.69c.45,.15,.99,.39,.99,1.43v11.81l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.32,2.12,3.11-2.07-.1-.15h0Zm22.89-14.39c0-2.02-1.92-2.63-3.53-2.56V.19c.96,.07,1.7,.46,1.7,1.11,0,.45-.32,1.01-1.28,1.01-.76,0-2.02-.45-3.2-.84-1.3-.45-2.54-.87-3.57-.87-2.02,0-3.55,1.5-3.55,3.35,0,1.5,1.16,2.02,1.63,2.21l.03-.07c-.3-.2-.49-.42-.49-1.06,0-.54,.39-1.26,1.43-1.26,.94,0,2.17,.42,3.8,.88,1.4,.39,2.91,.76,3.75,.87v3.28l-1.58,1.3,1.58,1.36v4.49c-.81,.46-1.75,.61-2.56,.61-1.5,0-2.89-.42-4.02-1.68l4.26-2.07V5.73l-5.2,2.32c.54-1.38,1.55-2.41,2.66-3.08l-.03-.08c-3.08,.84-5.89,3.67-5.89,7.17,0,4.19,3.35,7.3,7.22,7.3,4.19,0,6.65-3.28,6.61-6.75h-.07c-.61,1.33-1.63,2.59-2.78,3.25v-4.38l1.65-1.33-1.65-1.33v-3.28c1.53,0,3.11-1.01,3.11-2.96m-8.78,11.56l-1.21,.61c-.74-.96-1.23-2.32-1.23-4.07,0-.72,.07-1.7,.32-2.39l2.14-.96-.03,6.8h0Zm11.93-12.31l-2.17,1.82,1.85,2.09,2.17-1.82-1.85-2.09Zm3.3,15.15l-.79,.52-1.08-1.08v-7.17l.91-.72-.12-.15-.76,.59-1.8-2.14-2.96,2.07,.1,.17,.74-.49,.99,1.23v6.61l-1.33,1.01,.12,.12,.67-.46,2.32,2.12,3.11-2.07-.1-.15h0Zm16.63-.1l-.74,.49-1.16-1.11v-7.03l.94-.72-.12-.15-.84,.64-2.47-2.2-2.78,2.17-2.44-2.17-2.74,2.14-1.85-2.14-2.96,2.07,.1,.17,.74-.49,1.06,1.21v6.61l-.81,.81,2.36,2,2.29-2.07-.94-.88v-7.04l.61-.45,1.7,1.48v6.16l-.79,.81,2.39,2,2.24-2.07-.94-.88v-7.04l.59-.47,1.72,1.5v6.06l-.69,.72,2.41,2.2,3.18-2.17-.1-.15h.02Zm8.6-1.5l-2.36,1.87-2.71-2.14v-1.33l4.68-3.3-2.36-3.67-5.2,2.86v6.93l3.57,2.59,4.51-3.62-.12-.17h0Zm-5.08-1.88v-5.15l2.27,3.55-2.27,1.6Zm14.12-.97l-2-1.53c1.33-1.16,1.8-2.63,1.8-3.69,0-.15-.03-.42-.05-.67h-.08c-.19,.54-.72,1.01-1.53,1.01s-1.26-.45-1.75-.99l-4.58,2.54v3.72l1.75,1.38c-1.75,1.55-2.09,2.51-2.09,3.4s.52,1.67,1.41,2.02l.07-.12c-.22-.19-.42-.32-.42-.79,0-.34,.35-.88,1.14-.88,1.01,0,1.63,.69,1.95,1.06,0-.03,4.38-2.69,4.38-2.69v-3.77h0Zm-1.03-3.05c-.69,1.23-2.21,2.44-3.11,3.13l-1.11-.94v-3.62c.45,.99,1.36,1.82,2.54,1.82,.69,0,1.14-.12,1.67-.39m-1.9,8.13c-.52-1.16-1.63-2-2.86-2-.3,0-1.21-.03-2,.46,.47-.79,1.87-2.21,3.65-3.28l1.21,1.01v3.8Z"></path></svg></a></span></div><span class="css-bgaqcm">https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html</span><div class="css-tvohiw"><div role="toolbar" data-testid="share-tools" aria-label="Social Media Share buttons, Save button, and Comments Panel with current comment count" class="css-yomkvi"><div></div><div data-testid="share-tools-menu" class="css-ui2i83"><ul data-testid="share-tools-list"><li class="css-atthsv"><div class="css-vxcmzt"><div class="css-79elbk"><button type="button" aria-label="" aria-expanded="false" class="css-1eeh360 actionbar-button" data-testid="gift-article-button"><span class="css-10d8k1f"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="19" height="19" viewBox="0 0 19 19"><path d="M18.04 5.293h-2.725c.286-.34.493-.74.606-1.17a2.875 2.875 0 0 0-.333-2.322A2.906 2.906 0 0 0 13.64.48a3.31 3.31 0 0 0-2.372.464 3.775 3.775 0 0 0-1.534 2.483l-.141.797-.142-.847A3.745 3.745 0 0 0 7.927.923 3.31 3.31 0 0 0 5.555.459 2.907 2.907 0 0 0 3.607 1.78a2.877 2.877 0 0 0-.333 2.321c.117.429.324.828.606 1.171H1.155a.767.767 0 0 0-.757.757v3.674a.767.767 0 0 0 .757.757h.424v7.53A1.01 1.01 0 0 0 2.588 19h14.13a1.01 1.01 0 0 0 1.01-.959v-7.56h.424a.758.758 0 0 0 .757-.757V6.05a.759.759 0 0 0-.868-.757Zm-7.196-1.625a2.665 2.665 0 0 1 1.01-1.736 2.24 2.24 0 0 1 1.574-.313 1.817 1.817 0 0 1 1.211.818 1.857 1.857 0 0 1 .202 1.453 2.2 2.2 0 0 1-.838 1.191h-3.431l.272-1.413ZM4.576 2.386a1.837 1.837 0 0 1 1.221-.817 2.23 2.23 0 0 1 1.565.313 2.624 2.624 0 0 1 1.01 1.736l.242 1.453H5.182a2.2 2.2 0 0 1-.838-1.19 1.857 1.857 0 0 1 .202-1.495h.03ZM1.548 6.424h7.54V9.39h-7.58l.04-2.967Zm1.181 4.128h6.359v7.287H2.729v-7.287Zm13.777 7.287h-6.348v-7.307h6.348v7.307Zm1.181-8.468h-7.53V6.404h7.53V9.37Z" fill="#121212" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg>Share full article</span></button></div></div></li><li class="css-68l2z5"><div class="css-vxcmzt"><div class="css-79elbk"><button type="button" aria-label="More sharing options ..." aria-expanded="false" class="css-1nurhyi actionbar-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="23" height="18" viewBox="0 0 23 18" class="css-zd9juy"><path d="M1.357 17.192a.663.663 0 0 1-.642-.81c1.82-7.955 6.197-12.068 12.331-11.68V1.127a.779.779 0 0 1 .42-.653.726.726 0 0 1 .78.106l8.195 6.986a.81.81 0 0 1 .253.557.82.82 0 0 1-.263.547l-8.196 6.955a.83.83 0 0 1-.779.105.747.747 0 0 1-.42-.663V11.29c-8.418-.905-10.974 5.177-11.08 5.45a.662.662 0 0 1-.6.453Zm10.048-7.26a16.37 16.37 0 0 1 2.314.158.81.81 0 0 1 .642.726v3.02l6.702-5.682-6.702-5.692v2.883a.767.767 0 0 1-.242.536.747.747 0 0 1-.547.18c-4.808-.537-8.364 1.85-10.448 6.922a11.679 11.679 0 0 1 8.28-3.093v.042Z" fill="#000000" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg></button></div></div></li><li class="css-68l2z5 save-button"><button type="button" role="switch" class="css-1yhvmgx actionbar-button" data-testid="save-article-button" aria-label="Save article for reading later..." aria-checked="false" disabled="" aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite"><svg width="12" height="18" viewBox="0 0 12 18" class="css-eap6fy"><g fill-rule="nonzero"><path class="saved-fill" d="M1.157 1.268v14.288l4.96-3.813 4.753 3.843V1.268z"></path><path class="saved-stroke" d="m12 18-5.9-4.756L0 17.98V1.014C0 .745.095.487.265.297.435.107.664 0 .904 0h10.192c.24 0 .47.107.64.297.169.19.264.448.264.717V18ZM1.157 1.268v14.288l4.96-3.813 4.753 3.843V1.268H1.158Z"></path></g></svg></button></li><li class="css-68l2z5 commentAdjustClass"><button type="button" class="css-9puba2 comments-button-container-v2 actionbar-button" aria-label="Read 575 comments" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="comments-panel" data-testid="comments-speech-bubble-inStoryMasthead-v2" id="comments-speech-bubble-inStoryMasthead-v2"><div class="css-1mlnk6q"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="21" height="18" viewBox="0 0 21 18" class="css-2urdiw"><path d="m14.52 17.831-5.715-4.545H2.4a1.468 1.468 0 0 1-1.468-1.469V1.894A1.471 1.471 0 0 1 2.4.405h16.583a1.469 1.469 0 0 1 1.469 1.469v9.923a1.469 1.469 0 0 1-1.47 1.47H14.58l-.06 4.564ZM2.4 1.645a.228.228 0 0 0-.228.229v9.923a.228.228 0 0 0 .228.229h6.811l4.06 3.235v-3.235h5.652a.228.228 0 0 0 .229-.229V1.874a.228.228 0 0 0-.229-.229H2.4Z" fill="#121212" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg><span class="css-1re6eyk">575</span></div></button><span class="css-1p1ifrm comments-button-container actionbar-button"><div class="css-1mlnk6q" style="padding:8px 10px 7px;font-weight:normal"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="21" height="18" viewBox="0 0 21 18" class="css-2urdiw"><path d="m14.52 17.831-5.715-4.545H2.4a1.468 1.468 0 0 1-1.468-1.469V1.894A1.471 1.471 0 0 1 2.4.405h16.583a1.469 1.469 0 0 1 1.469 1.469v9.923a1.469 1.469 0 0 1-1.47 1.47H14.58l-.06 4.564ZM2.4 1.645a.228.228 0 0 0-.228.229v9.923a.228.228 0 0 0 .228.229h6.811l4.06 3.235v-3.235h5.652a.228.228 0 0 0 .229-.229V1.874a.228.228 0 0 0-.229-.229H2.4Z" fill="#121212" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg><span class="css-1re6eyk"><a href="/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html">575</a></span></div></span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><article id="story" class="css-1vxca1d e1lmdhsb0"><div class="css-wqhysl"></div><div id="top-wrapper" class="css-1aeqhal"><div id="top-slug" class="css-15owey8"><p>Advertisement</p></div><a href="#after-top" class="css-777zgl">SKIP ADVERTISEMENT</a><div class="ad top-wrapper css-rfqw0c" style="min-height:90px"><div id="top" class="place-ad" data-position="top" data-size-key="top" data-lazy-load="true"></div></div><div id="after-top"></div></div><div aria-live="polite"><div class="css-1dv1kvn">You have a preview view of this article while we are checking your access. When we have confirmed access, the full article content will load.</div></div><header class="css-cfyeo7 euiyums1"><div class="css-1s9y8so" data-testid="brand-bar"><div class="css-42igfv"><a href="/section/opinion" data-testid="story-section" class="css-11ux3av"><div class="css-8gwjun e1vbbbt70">Opinion</div></a></div></div><div id="sponsor-wrapper" class="css-1hyfx7x"><div id="sponsor-slug" class="css-twqvxd"><p>Supported by</p></div><a href="#after-sponsor" class="css-777zgl">SKIP ADVERTISEMENT</a><div class="ad sponsor-wrapper css-rfqw0c" id="sponsor"></div><div id="after-sponsor"></div></div><div class="css-s8u3w2 euiyums0"><p class="css-1ca3kv7 e6idgb70">Tressie McMillan Cottom</p></div><div class="css-1vkm6nb ehdk2mb0"><h1 id="link-e4dc2d5" class="css-1khwk7e e1h9rw200" data-testid="headline">Dry January Is Driving Me to Drink</h1></div><div class="css-ki3vv6"><time class="css-kx0gap e16638kd0" dateTime="2025-01-14T15:00:26-05:00">Jan. 14, 2025</time></div><div data-testid="imageblock-wrapper"><figure class="sizeMedium layoutHorizontal css-nlqgyf" aria-label="media" role="group"><div class="css-1xb94ky" data-testid="imageContainer-children-Image"><picture><source media="(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)" srcSet="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale&width=1800"/><source media="(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)" srcSet="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale&width=1200"/><source media="(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)" srcSet="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale&width=600"/><img alt="A photo illustration of a disembodied hand and forearm putting a grapefruit peel into a pink cocktail in a coupe glass. The glass rests on a green surface covered with flowers and leaves." class="css-rq4mmj" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" srcSet="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp 600w,https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-jumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp 1024w,https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/01/19/opinion/19cottom/14cottom-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp 2048w" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" decoding="async" width="600" height="599"/></picture></div><figcaption data-testid="photoviewer-children-ImageCaption" class="css-ktho12 e3rygrp0"><span class="css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Credit...</span><span><span aria-hidden="false">Photo Illustration by Marzena Abrahamik</span></span></span></figcaption></figure></div><div class="css-qznc1j"><div class="css-1q4bl9o"><div class="css-1von7hd"><audio preload="metadata" src="https://static.nytimes.com/narrated-articles/synthetic/article-bc09ff5f-b8f1-52f9-ae69-f7b5b9bb0bfb/job-1736884851996/article-bc09ff5f-b8f1-52f9-ae69-f7b5b9bb0bfb-job-1736884851996.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"></audio><div class="css-b8gc4a"><div class="css-79elbk"><button type="button" class="css-1xny6fl" aria-label="Listen to article"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="css-3pg3bk" id="playIcon" width="55" height="55" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="css-1wy7vlv" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M22 38L37 28L22 18V38Z"></path><path d="M54.25 27.5C54.25 42.2736 42.2736 54.25 27.5 54.25C12.7264 54.25 0.75 42.2736 0.75 27.5C0.75 12.7264 12.7264 0.75 27.5 0.75C42.2736 0.75 54.25 12.7264 54.25 27.5Z" stroke="#DFDFDF" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg></button></div><div class="css-uepebd"><div class="css-35ezg3">Listen to this article <!-- -->· 9:17 min<!-- --> <span class="css-14h5vr8"><a href="https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/24318293692180">Learn more</a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-hzk0yq"><div role="toolbar" data-testid="share-tools" aria-label="Social Media Share buttons, Save button, and Comments Panel with current comment count" class="css-yomkvi"><div></div><div data-testid="share-tools-menu" class="css-1r1uk6u"><ul data-testid="share-tools-list" class="css-1atjma0"><li class="css-atthsv"><div class="css-vxcmzt"><div class="css-79elbk"><button type="button" aria-label="" aria-expanded="false" class="css-1eeh360 actionbar-button" data-testid="gift-article-button"><span class="css-10d8k1f"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="19" height="19" viewBox="0 0 19 19"><path d="M18.04 5.293h-2.725c.286-.34.493-.74.606-1.17a2.875 2.875 0 0 0-.333-2.322A2.906 2.906 0 0 0 13.64.48a3.31 3.31 0 0 0-2.372.464 3.775 3.775 0 0 0-1.534 2.483l-.141.797-.142-.847A3.745 3.745 0 0 0 7.927.923 3.31 3.31 0 0 0 5.555.459 2.907 2.907 0 0 0 3.607 1.78a2.877 2.877 0 0 0-.333 2.321c.117.429.324.828.606 1.171H1.155a.767.767 0 0 0-.757.757v3.674a.767.767 0 0 0 .757.757h.424v7.53A1.01 1.01 0 0 0 2.588 19h14.13a1.01 1.01 0 0 0 1.01-.959v-7.56h.424a.758.758 0 0 0 .757-.757V6.05a.759.759 0 0 0-.868-.757Zm-7.196-1.625a2.665 2.665 0 0 1 1.01-1.736 2.24 2.24 0 0 1 1.574-.313 1.817 1.817 0 0 1 1.211.818 1.857 1.857 0 0 1 .202 1.453 2.2 2.2 0 0 1-.838 1.191h-3.431l.272-1.413ZM4.576 2.386a1.837 1.837 0 0 1 1.221-.817 2.23 2.23 0 0 1 1.565.313 2.624 2.624 0 0 1 1.01 1.736l.242 1.453H5.182a2.2 2.2 0 0 1-.838-1.19 1.857 1.857 0 0 1 .202-1.495h.03ZM1.548 6.424h7.54V9.39h-7.58l.04-2.967Zm1.181 4.128h6.359v7.287H2.729v-7.287Zm13.777 7.287h-6.348v-7.307h6.348v7.307Zm1.181-8.468h-7.53V6.404h7.53V9.37Z" fill="#121212" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg>Share full article</span></button></div></div></li><li class="css-68l2z5"><div class="css-vxcmzt"><div class="css-79elbk"><button type="button" aria-label="More sharing options ..." aria-expanded="false" class="css-1nurhyi actionbar-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="23" height="18" viewBox="0 0 23 18" class="css-zd9juy"><path d="M1.357 17.192a.663.663 0 0 1-.642-.81c1.82-7.955 6.197-12.068 12.331-11.68V1.127a.779.779 0 0 1 .42-.653.726.726 0 0 1 .78.106l8.195 6.986a.81.81 0 0 1 .253.557.82.82 0 0 1-.263.547l-8.196 6.955a.83.83 0 0 1-.779.105.747.747 0 0 1-.42-.663V11.29c-8.418-.905-10.974 5.177-11.08 5.45a.662.662 0 0 1-.6.453Zm10.048-7.26a16.37 16.37 0 0 1 2.314.158.81.81 0 0 1 .642.726v3.02l6.702-5.682-6.702-5.692v2.883a.767.767 0 0 1-.242.536.747.747 0 0 1-.547.18c-4.808-.537-8.364 1.85-10.448 6.922a11.679 11.679 0 0 1 8.28-3.093v.042Z" fill="#000000" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg></button></div></div></li><li class="css-68l2z5 save-button"><button type="button" role="switch" class="css-1yhvmgx actionbar-button" data-testid="save-article-button" aria-label="Save article for reading later..." aria-checked="false" disabled="" aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite"><svg width="12" height="18" viewBox="0 0 12 18" class="css-eap6fy"><g fill-rule="nonzero"><path class="saved-fill" d="M1.157 1.268v14.288l4.96-3.813 4.753 3.843V1.268z"></path><path class="saved-stroke" d="m12 18-5.9-4.756L0 17.98V1.014C0 .745.095.487.265.297.435.107.664 0 .904 0h10.192c.24 0 .47.107.64.297.169.19.264.448.264.717V18ZM1.157 1.268v14.288l4.96-3.813 4.753 3.843V1.268H1.158Z"></path></g></svg></button></li><li class="css-68l2z5 commentAdjustClass"><button type="button" class="css-9puba2 comments-button-container-v2 actionbar-button" aria-label="Read 575 comments" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="comments-panel" data-testid="comments-speech-bubble-header-v2" id="comments-speech-bubble-header-v2"><div class="css-1mlnk6q"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="21" height="18" viewBox="0 0 21 18" class="css-2urdiw"><path d="m14.52 17.831-5.715-4.545H2.4a1.468 1.468 0 0 1-1.468-1.469V1.894A1.471 1.471 0 0 1 2.4.405h16.583a1.469 1.469 0 0 1 1.469 1.469v9.923a1.469 1.469 0 0 1-1.47 1.47H14.58l-.06 4.564ZM2.4 1.645a.228.228 0 0 0-.228.229v9.923a.228.228 0 0 0 .228.229h6.811l4.06 3.235v-3.235h5.652a.228.228 0 0 0 .229-.229V1.874a.228.228 0 0 0-.229-.229H2.4Z" fill="#121212" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg><span class="css-1re6eyk">575</span></div></button><span class="css-1p1ifrm comments-button-container actionbar-button"><div class="css-1mlnk6q" style="padding:8px 10px 7px;font-weight:normal"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="21" height="18" viewBox="0 0 21 18" class="css-2urdiw"><path d="m14.52 17.831-5.715-4.545H2.4a1.468 1.468 0 0 1-1.468-1.469V1.894A1.471 1.471 0 0 1 2.4.405h16.583a1.469 1.469 0 0 1 1.469 1.469v9.923a1.469 1.469 0 0 1-1.47 1.47H14.58l-.06 4.564ZM2.4 1.645a.228.228 0 0 0-.228.229v9.923a.228.228 0 0 0 .228.229h6.811l4.06 3.235v-3.235h5.652a.228.228 0 0 0 .229-.229V1.874a.228.228 0 0 0-.229-.229H2.4Z" fill="#121212" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg><span class="css-1re6eyk"><a href="/2025/01/14/opinion/dry-january-social-media-sober.html">575</a></span></div></span></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="css-p6m5rf"><div class="byline-container css-t91cuf epjyd6m2"><div class="css-1w5zm64 ey68jwv0" aria-hidden="true"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/tressie-mcmillan-cottom" class="css-uwwqev"><img alt="Tressie McMillan Cottom" title="Tressie McMillan Cottom" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2021/08/13/reader-center/author-tressie-mcmillan-cottom/author-tressie-mcmillan-cottom-thumbLarge-v2.png" class="css-owy2rv ey68jwv2"/></a></div><div class="css-ehpuw4 epjyd6m1"><p class="css-1tx0lhj e1jsehar1"><span class="byline-prefix">By </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/tressie-mcmillan-cottom" class="last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0" itemProp="name">Tressie McMillan Cottom</a></p><div class="css-1gqes1i epjyd6m0"><div id="enhanced-byline" class="css-8atqhb"><p class="css-1npznau e1wtpvyy0">Opinion Columnist</p></div></div></div></div></div></header><section name="articleBody" class="meteredContent css-1r7ky0e"><div class="css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn" data-testid="companionColumn-0"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">The annual ritual known as Dry January is upon us. The monthlong ode to teetotalism started as <a class="css-yywogo" href="https://alcoholchange.org.uk/help-and-support/managing-your-drinking/dry-january/about-dry-january/the-dry-january-story#:~:text=campaign%20was%20born.-,2013,for%20a%20month%20kicks%20off." title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">a British health campaign</a> in 2013, but it is now fully embedded in our American culture of self-branding. There are Dry January infographics, influencers, ad campaigns and incessant discussion about who is and is not drinking. The science is clear. Abstainers are doing a good thing for their health. I am happy for them. Still, despite a marked decline in my own taste for alcohol, I am not joining them.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">Some of my reasons are petty. I don’t like cute social media campaigns and I cannot stomach self-righteousness about consumer choices. Do or do not, as Yoda might say. But please shut up about it, as I definitely would say.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">Some of my reasons are deeper. Anything that becomes popular has politics. Dry January takes a choice and compels people to talk about it, to proselytize it, and ultimately to perform<em class="css-2fg4z9 e1gzwzxm0"> </em>it. I’m sure people think they perform going dry for all the good reasons. To let others know they are not alone. To fight back against insidious drinking culture. But what we mean to do and what we end up doing can be two different things.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">If Dry January were just temporary teetotalism or total abstinence, it would be innocuous. But consumer-driven health campaigns that get this kind of traction do not happen in a vacuum. A broader modern temperance movement promoting “clean” living traffics in moral superiority and old racist ideas. That history is unavoidable, but today’s version of “<a class="css-yywogo" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2023820363/" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">the lips that touch liquor shall never touch mine</a>” also reflects our self-defeating politics of individuality: Cutesy individual solutions cannot solve big social problems, like alcoholism or cancer.</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div data-testid="Dropzone-1"></div><div class="css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn" data-testid="companionColumn-1"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">I’m not talking about sobriety here. I have spent plenty of time with relatives who struggled to get clean in hospital wards and recovery programs. I lost my dearest father figure to alcoholism. Addiction is a disease, and it takes a strong person in a strong community to build a sober life in the face of it. That’s why I don’t like to think of myself as being sober when I pass on a cocktail. Sobriety without addiction feels like stolen valor.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">Whatever they call it, people who choose not to drink have new ammunition. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy is calling for <a class="css-yywogo" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/03/health/alcohol-surgeon-general-warning.html" title="">more strident health warnings</a> on alcohol. The medical community has at least partially challenged the long-held idea that there is a “healthy” amount of drinking — a couple of glasses of red wine and the occasional spirit no longer seem like good bets for longevity.</p><div class="css-1336jj"><div class="css-121kum4"><div class="css-171quhb"></div><div class="css-asuuk5"><noscript><div class="css-7axq9l" data-testid="optimistic-truncator-noscript"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="css-1b5b8u1"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 1 1 19 0 9.5 9.5 0 0 1-19 0Zm8.5 1.75v-7.5h2v7.5h-2Zm0 2v2h2v-2h-2Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><div data-testid="optimistic-truncator-noscript-message" class="css-6yo1no"><p class="css-3kpklk">We are having trouble retrieving the article content.</p><p class="css-3kpklk">Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.</p></div></div></noscript><div class="css-1dv1kvn" id="optimistic-truncator-a11y" tabindex="-1"><hr/><p>Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and <a href="https://myaccount.nytimes.com/auth/login?response_type=cookie&client_id=vi&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F01%2F14%2Fopinion%2Fdry-january-social-media-sober.html&asset=opttrunc">log into</a> your Times account, or <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/subscription?campaignId=89WYR&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F01%2F14%2Fopinion%2Fdry-january-social-media-sober.html">subscribe</a> for all of The Times.</p><hr/></div><div class="css-1g71tqy"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="css-63woee" data-testid="optimistic-truncator-spinner"><g fill="currentColor"><path d="M11.28 22.8a.72.72 0 1 0 1.44 0v-6.72a.72.72 0 1 0-1.44 0v6.72Z" opacity=".37"></path><path d="M17.766 21.16a.72.72 0 1 0 1.165-.846l-3.95-5.436a.72.72 0 1 0-1.165.846l3.95 5.437Z" opacity=".26"></path><path d="M1.506 14.653a.72.72 0 0 0 .445 1.37l6.391-2.078a.72.72 0 1 0-.445-1.369l-6.39 2.077Z" opacity=".61"></path><path d="M5.07 20.314a.72.72 0 0 0 1.164.847l3.95-5.437a.72.72 0 1 0-1.165-.846l-3.95 5.436Z" opacity=".48"></path><path d="M22.049 16.022a.72.72 0 0 0 .445-1.37l-6.391-2.076a.72.72 0 1 0-.445 1.37l6.39 2.076Z" opacity=".17"></path><path d="M22.494 9.347a.72.72 0 1 0-.445-1.37l-6.391 2.078a.72.72 0 1 0 .445 1.369l6.39-2.077Z" opacity=".09"></path><path d="M6.234 2.84a.72.72 0 0 0-1.165.846l3.95 5.436a.72.72 0 0 0 1.165-.846l-3.95-5.437Z" opacity=".87"></path><path d="M1.951 7.978a.72.72 0 1 0-.445 1.37l6.391 2.076a.72.72 0 1 0 .445-1.37l-6.39-2.076Z" opacity=".74"></path><path d="M18.93 3.686a.72.72 0 0 0-1.164-.847l-3.95 5.437a.72.72 0 0 0 1.165.846l3.95-5.436Z" opacity=".02"></path><path d="M12.72 1.2a.72.72 0 1 0-1.44 0v6.72a.72.72 0 0 0 1.44 0V1.2Z"></path></g></svg><div data-testid="optimistic-truncator-message" class="css-6yo1no"><p class="css-3kpklk">Thank you for your patience while we verify access.</p><p class="css-3kpklk">Already a subscriber? <a data-testid="log-in-link" class="css-z5ryv4" href="https://myaccount.nytimes.com/auth/login?response_type=cookie&client_id=vi&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F01%2F14%2Fopinion%2Fdry-january-social-media-sober.html&asset=opttrunc">Log in</a>.</p><p class="css-3kpklk">Want all of The Times? <a data-testid="subscribe-link" class="css-z5ryv4" href="https://www.nytimes.com/subscription?campaignId=89WYR&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F01%2F14%2Fopinion%2Fdry-january-social-media-sober.html">Subscribe</a>.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div></section><div data-testid="lazy-loader"></div><div data-testid="lazy-loader"></div><div id="bottom-sheet-sensor"><div data-testid="lazy-loader"></div></div><div><div id="bottom-wrapper" class="css-sxwst7"><div id="bottom-slug" class="css-15owey8"><p>Advertisement</p></div><a href="#after-bottom" class="css-777zgl">SKIP ADVERTISEMENT</a><div class="ad bottom-wrapper css-rfqw0c" id="bottom" style="min-height:90px"></div><div id="after-bottom"></div></div></div></article></div></main><nav class="css-1jmk4jh" id="site-index" aria-labelledby="site-index-label" data-testid="site-index"><h2 class="css-1dv1kvn" id="site-index-label">Site Index</h2><div class="css-uc4bdz"></div></nav><footer class="css-1e1s8k7" role="contentinfo"><nav data-testid="footer" class="css-1qa4qp6"><h2 class="css-1dv1kvn">Site Information Navigation</h2><ul class="css-1ho5u4o edvi3so0"><li data-testid="copyright"><a class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115014792127-Copyright-notice">© <span>2025</span> <span>The New York Times Company</span></a></li></ul><ul class="css-t8x4fj edvi3so1"><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytco.com/">NYTCo</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115015385887-Contact-Us">Contact Us</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115015727108-Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytco.com/careers/">Work with us</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://advertising.nytimes.com/">Advertise</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.tbrandstudio.com/">T Brand Studio</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytimes.com/privacy/cookie-policy#how-do-i-manage-trackers">Your Ad Choices</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytimes.com/privacy/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115014893428-Terms-of-service">Terms of Service</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us/articles/115014893968-Terms-of-sale">Terms of Sale</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="/sitemap/">Site Map</a></li><li class="mobileOnly css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytimes.com/ca/">Canada</a></li><li class="mobileOnly css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytimes.com/international/">International</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://help.nytimes.com/hc/en-us">Help</a></li><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="footer-link" rel="nofollow" class="css-13mf4b4" href="https://www.nytimes.com/subscription?campaignId=37WXW">Subscriptions</a></li></ul><ul class="css-t8x4fj edvi3so1"><li class="css-a7htku edvi3so2"><a data-testid="privacy-preferences-link" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" class="css-13mf4b4" href="/privacy/manage-settings">Manage Privacy Preferences</a></li></ul></nav></footer></div></div></div></div></div> <script>window.__preloadedData = {"initialData":{"data":{"article":{"__typename":"Article","adTargetingParams":[{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"mt","value":"MT5,MT6"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"artlen","value":"long"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"template","value":"article"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"ledemedsz","value":"none"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"is_viral","value":""},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"als_test","value":"1740161951572"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"edn","value":"us"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"des","value":"alcoholicbeverages,alcoholabuse,loneliness,medicineandhealth,cannabisfoodsandproducts,socialmedia"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"section","value":"opinion"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"tt","value":"60"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"pt","value":"nt10,nt11,nt12,nt13,nt16,nt17,nt18,nt19,nt20,nt4,nt6,nt7,pt15,pt21"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"prop","value":"nyt"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"org","value":""},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"typ_materials","value":"#op-ed#"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"is_viral_on_social","value":"false"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"trend","value":""},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"abs","value":"51005695"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"coll","value":"tressiemcmillancottom,sundayopinion,opinioncolumnists,opinion"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"id","value":"100000009919957"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"per","value":""},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"auth","value":"tressiemcmillancottom"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"gscat","value":"gs_t"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"bsc","value":"84111001,84122001,80023001,84211001,84192001,84062001,84212001,84191001,80222002,84081001,84121001,84092030,80222013,80022004,80122013,84061001,84112001,80122002,84091001,84071001,84082011"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"plat","value":"web"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"typ","value":"art"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"slug","value":"14cottom"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"brandsensitive","value":"false"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"col","value":"tressiemcmillancottom"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"gui","value":""},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"si_section","value":"opinion"},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"at","value":""},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"geo","value":""},{"__typename":"AdTargetingParam","key":"spon","value":""}],"addendums":[],"advertisingProperties":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkAdvertisingProperties","sensitivity":"SHOW_ADS"},"archiveProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleArchiveProperties","lede":"","thumbnails":[],"timesMachineUrl":""},"associatedAssets":[{"__typename":"AssociatedArticleAssetBlock","asset":{"__typename":"Capsule","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fcapsule\u002F67c172b3-d2a8-5d7f-8177-c85ce6a5c59b"},"assetName":"opinion-today-email-signup","parentTest":"","region":"MAIN_CONTENT_1","ruleName":"maps-opinion-today-email-signup","testName":""},{"__typename":"AssociatedArticleAssetBlock","asset":{"__typename":"Capsule","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fcapsule\u002F4ec0712f-f261-59e4-8cec-ff0d61855dfa"},"assetName":"email-signup-tressie-mcmillan-cottom","parentTest":"","region":"BELOW_MAIN_CONTENT","ruleName":"maps-tressie-mcmillan-cottom-email-signup","testName":""}],"associatedNewsletter":null,"bylines":[{"__typename":"Byline","creatorSnapshots":[{"__typename":"PersonSnapshot","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fperson\u002Fe7b2f5ba-4868-59c1-bbdc-2bbe4e8844a2"}],"creators":[{"__typename":"Person","bioUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fby\u002Ftressie-mcmillan-cottom","contactDetails":{"__typename":"ContactDetails","socialMedia":[{"__typename":"ContactDetailsSocialMedia","account":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fby\u002Ftressie-mcmillan-cottom","type":"url"},{"__typename":"ContactDetailsSocialMedia","account":"tressiemcphd","type":"twitter"}]},"displayName":"Tressie McMillan Cottom","id":"UGVyc29uOm55dDovL3BlcnNvbi9lN2IyZjViYS00ODY4LTU5YzEtYmJkYy0yYmJlNGU4ODQ0YTI=","legacyData":{"__typename":"PersonLegacyData","htmlShortBiography":"\u003Cp\u003ETressie McMillan Cottom (@\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Ftressiemcphd\"\u003Etressiemcphd\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) became a New York Times Opinion columnist in 2022. She is a professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Information and Library Science, the author of “Thick: And Other Essays” and a 2020 MacArthur fellow.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fby\u002Ftressie-mcmillan-cottom"}],"renderedRepresentation":"By Tressie McMillan Cottom"}],"collections":[{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","active":true,"collectionType":"COLUMN","firstPublished":"2021-08-19T19:28:14.000Z","header":"","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":""},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uL2YyZjgzZDdhLWMwOTAtNTQxMi05ZjRkLWI5YjMyNjIzZGY1Mw==","lastModified":"2023-09-25T19:34:11.299Z","mobileHeader":"","name":"Tressie McMillan Cottom","promotionalImage":null,"slug":"tressie-mcmillan-cottom","tagline":"Culture, economic sociology, inequality and digital life.","type":"legacycollection","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Flegacycollection\u002Ff2f83d7a-c090-5412-9f4d-b9b32623df53","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fcolumn\u002Ftressie-mcmillan-cottom"},{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","active":true,"collectionType":"SECTION","firstPublished":"2017-08-30T19:34:00.000Z","header":"","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":""},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uLzZlMzI4M2Q2LTcwMDMtNWRhOC05YzI2LTUzZWUyYWVlNjQyMg==","lastModified":"2024-10-13T11:58:51.943Z","mobileHeader":"","name":"Sunday Opinion","promotionalImage":null,"slug":"sunday","tagline":"","type":"legacycollection","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Flegacycollection\u002F6e3283d6-7003-5da8-9c26-53ee2aee6422","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fsection\u002Fopinion\u002Fsunday"},{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","active":true,"collectionType":"SECTION","firstPublished":"2017-06-06T21:17:33.000Z","header":"","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":""},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uLzE2OTI4ZjcxLWM4ZDktNTI5Yi04NWJkLTM3OGU0ZGY5NTgzNA==","lastModified":"2022-01-14T16:24:27.450Z","mobileHeader":"","name":"Opinion Columnists","promotionalImage":null,"slug":"opinion-columnists","tagline":"","type":"legacycollection","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Flegacycollection\u002F16928f71-c8d9-529b-85bd-378e4df95834","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fsection\u002Fopinion\u002Fcolumnists"},{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","active":true,"collectionType":"SECTION","firstPublished":"2015-12-10T15:47:43.000Z","header":"","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":""},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uL2RhZGQ0MTc3LWM5MzgtNTMxMS1iNmM3LTVhMGZhMzE4YWI0OQ==","lastModified":"2024-08-13T14:27:52.626Z","mobileHeader":"","name":"Opinion","promotionalImage":null,"slug":"opinion","tagline":"","type":"legacycollection","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Flegacycollection\u002Fdadd4177-c938-5311-b6c7-5a0fa318ab49","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fsection\u002Fopinion"}],"column":{"__typename":"LegacyCollection","assets":{"__typename":"AssetsConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-02-12T10:03:38.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Look Past Elon Musk’s Chaos. There’s Something More Sinister at Work.","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2I0MDk2YTgyLTUwNjEtNWY0OS05MDBlLTk4NDQ5MDZlNTViOA==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F16\u002Fmultimedia\u002F12cottom-pbgf\u002F12cottom-pbgf-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvZGYxZjlkZGYtZmE4YS01NjMwLWFiZGYtNDIwODcyM2NlYjFm"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F12\u002Fopinion\u002Fmusk-trump-government-takeover.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2025-01-14T20:00:26.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Dry January Is Driving Me to Drink","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2JjMDlmZjVmLWI4ZjEtNTJmOS1hZTY5LWY3YjViOWJiMGJmYg==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvMDg5MmUzYzUtZDlmZS01NWVkLTg2NDUtYjlhYzU5Mzg5NDI2"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F14\u002Fopinion\u002Fdry-january-social-media-sober.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2024-11-27T10:02:32.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"How to Help Those Still Devastated by Hurricane Helene","seo":"Donate This Holiday Season: Hurricane Helene Victims Need Your Help","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzg4NTVjMzVmLWJhNWEtNWI1OC1hZDFhLWExYWIzZWNmN2JmYg==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F27\u002Fopinion\u002F27cottom-giving\u002F27cottom-giving-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNDEyODkxYjUtYmMzYy01MTI1LWE4YWUtYzZlZDk5YzUzMmY2"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F27\u002Fopinion\u002Fcharity-holiday-gift-hurricane-helene.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2024-11-21T10:06:14.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"How an Empty Internet Gave Us Tradwives and Trump","seo":"How Trump Tapped Into America’s Online Spaces and Took Control","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzY5ZWRmMGI3LWZhNzYtNTcwMi1iOGE2LTJkMjYzOTllZDhlZQ==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F24\u002Fopinion\u002F00CottomStory\u002F21Cottom-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvZWM0MWYwMjMtNmZkMS01ZjljLThlZWYtYzY0M2Y1MzE1ZTMz"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F21\u002Fopinion\u002Ftrump-trad-wives-podcasters-wellness.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderFullBleedHorizontalBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2024-11-06T17:46:41.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"The Way Harris Lost Will Be Her Legacy","seo":"What We Can Learn From How Kamala Harris Lost","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2I0MmU1MjA1LTI3MzAtNTIyMi1iNzE1LTFiOWVhODZmN2U0ZA==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F06\u002Fmultimedia\u002F06cottom-zjlb\u002F06cottom-zjlb-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNTU4MjkwZWYtYWExNy01OTVkLWI2MDMtZGZmOTMyZjc4M2E4"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F06\u002Fopinion\u002Fwhy-kamala-harris-lost.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2024-08-19T09:04:10.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"On Cat Ladies, Mama Bears and ‘Momala’","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzMyMjRhZDUwLTk0M2YtNWQwYi05OTYzLTI1ZGM1YmM0ZjZmOQ==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F08\u002F21\u002Fmultimedia\u002F19cottom-bljh\u002F19cottom-bljh-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvOWUzMTA0MzItZWExZC01Nzc5LWIwMTEtMGIzZTA5YTQyODQ0"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2024\u002F08\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002Fkamala-harris-momala-vance.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2024-08-11T10:00:12.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"How Kamala Harris Is Already Changing the Face of Presidential Power","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzc2NWVhZmE3LTU2NDUtNTQ4Zi05NDEzLTk1NjFjNjRiYzcwMA==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F08\u002F14\u002Fmultimedia\u002F11cottom-zpbc\u002F11cottom-zpbc-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNmE3YWFlOTktNGViNi01NGFjLWFjZTgtZGZlMWUwMWRkNjk1"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2024\u002F08\u002F11\u002Fopinion\u002Fkamala-harris-candidate-identity.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2024-08-06T09:03:40.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"What’s Happening in Louisville Could Solve a Housing Crisis","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzZjZjA1Mjc5LWQ0OTYtNTUzMC05NmFkLWUzYzMyZTEzNDY3Zg==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F08\u002F11\u002Fmultimedia\u002F06cottom-05-qzmk\u002F06cottom-05-qzmk-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvOGY3Nzc3NTQtNDgwNC01N2NhLTk5NDMtMDQzY2Y0NjAxNTdi"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2024\u002F08\u002F06\u002Fopinion\u002Fhousing-louisville-tenants-union.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2024-07-06T09:05:41.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Whoever the Democratic Candidate Is, Americans Have Already Lost","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2NlODE0MzNlLTZlNjAtNTgzMS04MTdhLWZlY2E4NmUxZjMxMA==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F07\u002F06\u002Fmultimedia\u002F06cottom-zpmb\u002F06cottom-zpmb-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNGUyOGQzOTQtMDZmNy01NTI0LWIxZjktOWZjYTFiOTBiYjBj"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2024\u002F07\u002F06\u002Fopinion\u002Fbiden-debate-scotus-immunity.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2024-04-04T09:04:45.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Beyoncé Asks, and Answers, a Crucial Question in Her Latest Album","seo":"Beyoncé’s ‘Cowboy Carter’ Asks, and Answers, a Crucial Question in Her Latest Album","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzNlYzhkZDA4LWVhNDctNWE3My1hZTYyLWQ3Y2Y0MWNlYjcwYg==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Video","id":"VmlkZW86bnl0Oi8vdmlkZW8vYTY2ZWE1YjEtNDAwMi01Y2ZhLWE4MzQtZjgxMGM0N2Q5M2U2","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F04\u002F07\u002Fopinion\u002F04cottom-static\u002F04cottom-static-thumbLarge-v3.png","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNTg1OWUzOTEtNTAyZS01ZTA4LWJlMjUtMWFjZjZjNGFiY2Ri"}},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2024\u002F04\u002F04\u002Fopinion\u002Fbeyonce-cowboy-carter-country.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2024-03-28T09:05:52.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Who Would Want to Go to a College Like This?","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzhjYzhkNzBhLTNkODEtNTM5OC1hMjNmLTk4NWE0MDc1YjA0Mw==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F03\u002F30\u002Fopinion\u002F28cottom\u002F28cottom-thumbLarge-v3.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNTk5ZDc4ODQtNDE2YS01YTVkLThhZWEtMDJlYWExNTAzOTEx"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2024\u002F03\u002F28\u002Fopinion\u002Fdei-ban-college-students.html"}},{"__typename":"AssetsEdge","node":{"__typename":"Article","body":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock"}]},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":""},"firstPublished":"2024-03-20T09:06:18.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Oprah, Ozempic and Us","seo":"","subHeadline":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2NmNGNkMzFlLTEzNTgtNTJjOC04ZDZiLTMxOTllMzkxNmUxMw==","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F03\u002F23\u002Fmultimedia\u002F20cottom-vqjc\u002F20cottom-vqjc-thumbLarge-v2.jpg","width":150}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvY2FkNWFjOTItN2E0YS01OWRmLThhNzMtZDJlNDNlYWExN2My"},"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2024\u002F03\u002F20\u002Fopinion\u002Foprah-ozempic-special-obesity.html"}}],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","endCursor":"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjEx","hasNextPage":true,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":"YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA="}},"id":"TGVnYWN5Q29sbGVjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9sZWdhY3ljb2xsZWN0aW9uL2YyZjgzZDdhLWMwOTAtNTQxMi05ZjRkLWI5YjMyNjIzZGY1Mw==","name":"Tressie McMillan Cottom","slug":"tressie-mcmillan-cottom","tagline":"Culture, economic sociology, inequality and digital life.","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fcolumn\u002Ftressie-mcmillan-cottom"},"commentProperties":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkCommentProperties","approvedCommentsCount":575,"prompt":"","status":"ACCEPT_AND_DISPLAY_COMMENTS"},"compatibility":{"__typename":"CompatibilityFeatures","hasInlineEmbeddedInteractives":false,"hasOakConversionError":false,"hasVideo":false,"isArtReview":false,"isBookReview":false,"isDiningReview":false,"isMovieReview":false,"isOak":true,"isTheaterReview":false},"curatedAssetComments":{"__typename":"CuratedAssetComments","id":"Q3VyYXRlZEFzc2V0Q29tbWVudHM6bnl0Oi8vY3VyYXRlZGFzc2V0Y29tbWVudHMvYTA1YTUyMDAtOTM3OC01NTA1LTliZTctMzJmNGU3ZDNmN2Yz","reporterReplies":[],"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fcuratedassetcomments\u002Fa05a5200-9378-5505-9be7-32f4e7d3f7f3"},"desk":"OpEd","dfpTaxonomyException":null,"displayProperties":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkDisplayProperties","fullBleedDisplayStyle":"","serveAsNyt4":false},"episodeProperties":{"__typename":"ArticleEpisodeProperties","episodeLabel":"","links":[],"linksLeadIn":""},"eventId":"pubp:\u002F\u002Fevent\u002Fd0da82a937b945bb8e687abf9d96a303","featuredAudio":{"__typename":"FeaturedAudio","asset":{"__typename":"Audio","audioContentType":"SYNTHETIC_NARRATION","fileUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.nytimes.com\u002Fnarrated-articles\u002Fsynthetic\u002Farticle-bc09ff5f-b8f1-52f9-ae69-f7b5b9bb0bfb\u002Fjob-1736884851996\u002Farticle-bc09ff5f-b8f1-52f9-ae69-f7b5b9bb0bfb-job-1736884851996.mp3","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Synthetic Narration for Dry January Is Driving Me to Drink"},"id":"QXVkaW86bnl0Oi8vYXVkaW8vODliZDNhYmUtNTA1Ni01OGEyLWIzNjMtNDgyMjAzNTgxNzAz","length":557,"sourceId":"100000009926451","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Faudio\u002F89bd3abe-5056-58a2-b363-482203581703"},"source":"DERIVED"},"firstPublished":"2025-01-14T20:00:26.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"Dry January Is Driving Me to Drink","seo":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2JjMDlmZjVmLWI4ZjEtNTJmOS1hZTY5LWY3YjViOWJiMGJmYg==","kicker":"Tressie McMillan Cottom","language":{"__typename":"Language","code":"en","name":"English"},"lastMajorModification":"2025-01-14T20:00:26.000Z","lastModified":"2025-01-18T20:18:45.949Z","legacy":{"__typename":"ArticleLegacyData","htmlExtendedAuthorOrArticleInformation":"","htmlInfoBox":"","reviewInformation":""},"newsStatus":"DEFAULT","originalDesk":"OpEd","printInformation":{"__typename":"PrintInformation","edition":"NewYork","headline":"Dry January Is Driving Me to Drink","page":"10","publicationDate":"2025-01-19T05:00:00.000Z","section":"SR"},"promotionalImage":{"__typename":"PromotionalImage","image":{"__typename":"Image","caption":{"__typename":"TextOnlyDocumentBlock","text":""},"credit":"Photo Illustration by Marzena Abrahamik","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"MEDIUM_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":640,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-square640.jpg","width":640}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"THREE_BY_TWO","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1998,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-threeByTwoLargeAt2X.jpg","width":3000}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvMDg5MmUzYzUtZDlmZS01NWVkLTg2NDUtYjlhYzU5Mzg5NDI2"},"socialMediaRendition":{"__typename":"SignableImageRendition","parentPublishDate":"2025-01-14T20:00:26.000Z","parentPublishYear":2025,"rendition":{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":549,"name":"facebookJumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-facebookJumbo-v2.jpg","width":1050},"signature":{"__typename":"ImageSignature","keyId":"ZQJBKqZ0VN","value":"de5863cd719b65b5ed56d8c50287632a2a29cf0c9352d43971831db712ad8cdd"}},"twitterRendition":{"__typename":"SignableImageRendition","parentPublishDate":"2025-01-14T20:00:26.000Z","parentPublishYear":2025,"rendition":{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1686,"name":"videoSixteenByNine3000","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-videoSixteenByNine3000.jpg","width":3000},"signature":{"__typename":"ImageSignature","keyId":"ZQJBKqZ0VN","value":"cb7e975c3dfd1ed8a72137b02334536817186708beab7a30528f40d68d6fb760"}}},"promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","assetCrops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"MASTER","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":599,"name":"articleLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-articleLarge.jpg","width":600},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":2046,"name":"superJumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-superJumbo.jpg","width":2048}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":75,"name":"thumbStandard","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-thumbStandard.jpg","width":75},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"MEDIUM_SQUARE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1798,"name":"mediumSquareAt3X","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg","width":1800}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"SIXTEEN_BY_NINE","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1686,"name":"videoSixteenByNine3000","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-videoSixteenByNine3000.jpg","width":3000},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":899,"name":"videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg","width":1600}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"FACEBOOK","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":549,"name":"facebookJumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-facebookJumbo-v2.jpg","width":1050}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","name":"GOOGLE_4_BY_3","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":600,"name":"googleFourByThree","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-googleFourByThree.jpg","width":800}]}],"caption":{"__typename":"TextOnlyDocumentBlock","text":""},"credit":"Photo Illustration by Marzena Abrahamik","id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvMDg5MmUzYzUtZDlmZS01NWVkLTg2NDUtYjlhYzU5Mzg5NDI2"},"requestToCommentEnabled":false,"reviewItems":[],"reviewSummary":"","section":{"__typename":"Section","displayName":"Opinion","id":"U2VjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9zZWN0aW9uL2Q3YTcxMTg1LWFhNjAtNTYzNS1iY2UwLTVmYWI3NmM3YzI5Nw==","name":"opinion","uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsection\u002Fd7a71185-aa60-5635-bce0-5fab76c7c297","url":"\u002Fsection\u002Fopinion"},"slug":"14cottom","source":{"__typename":"Organization","displayName":"New York Times","id":"T3JnYW5pemF0aW9uOm55dDovL29yZ2FuaXphdGlvbi9jMjc5MTM4OC02YjE2LTVmZmQtYTExOS05NmVhY2IxOTg5YzE="},"sourceId":"100000009919957","sourcePublisher":"scoop","sprinkled":{"__typename":"SprinkledContent","configs":[{"__typename":"SprinkledConfig","name":"mobile","stride":4,"threshold":3},{"__typename":"SprinkledConfig","name":"desktop","stride":7,"threshold":3},{"__typename":"SprinkledConfig","name":"mobileHoldout","stride":4,"threshold":2},{"__typename":"SprinkledConfig","name":"desktopHoldout","stride":5,"threshold":3},{"__typename":"SprinkledConfig","name":"hybrid","stride":4,"threshold":3}]},"sprinkledBody":{"__typename":"DocumentBlock","content":[{"__typename":"HeaderBasicBlock","byline":{"__typename":"BylineBlock","bylines":[{"__typename":"Byline","creators":[{"__typename":"Person","bioUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Fby\u002Ftressie-mcmillan-cottom","displayName":"Tressie McMillan Cottom","id":"UGVyc29uOm55dDovL3BlcnNvbi9lN2IyZjViYS00ODY4LTU5YzEtYmJkYy0yYmJlNGU4ODQ0YTI=","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2021\u002F08\u002F13\u002Freader-center\u002Fauthor-tressie-mcmillan-cottom\u002Fauthor-tressie-mcmillan-cottom-thumbLarge-v2.png"}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvMTUyN2NhYjQtY2FlNC01M2I0LThjMjAtOGFjYzZmYzJhNWZk"}}],"prefix":"By","renderedRepresentation":"By Tressie McMillan Cottom"}],"hideHeadshots":false,"role":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Opinion Columnist"}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},"headline":{"__typename":"Heading1Block","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Dry January Is Driving Me to Drink"}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},"label":{"__typename":"LabelBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Tressie McMillan Cottom"}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},"ledeMedia":{"__typename":"ImageBlock","media":{"__typename":"Image","altText":"A photo illustration of a disembodied hand and forearm putting a grapefruit peel into a pink cocktail in a coupe glass. The glass rests on a green surface covered with flowers and leaves.","caption":{"__typename":"TextOnlyDocumentBlock","content":[],"text":""},"credit":"Photo Illustration by Marzena Abrahamik","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":599,"name":"articleLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-articleLarge.jpg","width":600},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":500,"name":"popup","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-popup.jpg","width":501},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1023,"name":"jumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-jumbo.jpg","width":1024},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":2046,"name":"superJumbo","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-superJumbo.jpg","width":2048}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":150,"name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":190,"name":"articleInline","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-articleInline.jpg","width":190}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","height":1798,"name":"mobileMasterAt3x","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F19\u002Fopinion\u002F19cottom\u002F14cottom-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg","width":1800}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvMDg5MmUzYzUtZDlmZS01NWVkLTg2NDUtYjlhYzU5Mzg5NDI2","imageType":"photo","legacyHtmlCaption":"","timesTags":[],"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fimage\u002F0892e3c5-d9fe-55ed-8645-b9ac59389426","url":"\u002Fimagepages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F13\u002Fopinion\u002F14cottom.html"},"size":"MEDIUM"},"summary":null,"timestampBlock":{"__typename":"TimestampBlock","align":"LEFT","showUpdatedTimestamp":null,"timestamp":"2025-01-14T20:00:26.000Z"}},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The annual ritual known as Dry January is upon us. The monthlong ode to teetotalism started as "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Falcoholchange.org.uk\u002Fhelp-and-support\u002Fmanaging-your-drinking\u002Fdry-january\u002Fabout-dry-january\u002Fthe-dry-january-story#:~:text=campaign%20was%20born.-,2013,for%20a%20month%20kicks%20off."}],"text":"a British health campaign"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" in 2013, but it is now fully embedded in our American culture of self-branding. There are Dry January infographics, influencers, ad campaigns and incessant discussion about who is and is not drinking. The science is clear. Abstainers are doing a good thing for their health. I am happy for them. Still, despite a marked decline in my own taste for alcohol, I am not joining them."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":0},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Some of my reasons are petty. I don’t like cute social media campaigns and I cannot stomach self-righteousness about consumer choices. Do or do not, as Yoda might say. But please shut up about it, as I definitely would say."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":1},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Some of my reasons are deeper. Anything that becomes popular has politics. Dry January takes a choice and compels people to talk about it, to proselytize it, and ultimately to perform"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null}],"text":" "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"it. I’m sure people think they perform going dry for all the good reasons. To let others know they are not alone. To fight back against insidious drinking culture. But what we mean to do and what we end up doing can be two different things."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":2},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"If Dry January were just temporary teetotalism or total abstinence, it would be innocuous. But consumer-driven health campaigns that get this kind of traction do not happen in a vacuum. A broader modern temperance movement promoting “clean” living traffics in moral superiority and old racist ideas. That history is unavoidable, but today’s version of “"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.loc.gov\u002Fitem\u002F2023820363\u002F"}],"text":"the lips that touch liquor shall never touch mine"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"” also reflects our self-defeating politics of individuality: Cutesy individual solutions cannot solve big social problems, like alcoholism or cancer."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":3},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"I’m not talking about sobriety here. I have spent plenty of time with relatives who struggled to get clean in hospital wards and recovery programs. I lost my dearest father figure to alcoholism. Addiction is a disease, and it takes a strong person in a strong community to build a sober life in the face of it. That’s why I don’t like to think of myself as being sober when I pass on a cocktail. Sobriety without addiction feels like stolen valor."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":4},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Whatever they call it, people who choose not to drink have new ammunition. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy is calling for "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F03\u002Fhealth\u002Falcohol-surgeon-general-warning.html"}],"text":"more strident health warnings"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" on alcohol. The medical community has at least partially challenged the long-held idea that there is a “healthy” amount of drinking — a couple of glasses of red wine and the occasional spirit no longer seem like good bets for longevity."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":5},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"So people are drinking less, almost all people. Just 62 percent of adults age 35 and younger "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fnews.gallup.com\u002Fpoll\u002F509690\u002Fyoung-adults-drinking-less-prior-decades.aspx"}],"text":"say they drink"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":". That is 10 percentage points less than 20 years ago. I was a child in 1984, when the United States raised the legal drinking age to 21. That campaign reflected our long national concern that young adults are the most at-risk group for alcohol abuse. Times have changed. Newer data show that young adults are now about as likely to have a drink as their grandparents."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":6},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"There are two groups trending the other way. More "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pewresearch.org\u002Fshort-reads\u002F2024\u002F01\u002F03\u002F10-facts-about-americans-and-alcohol-as-dry-january-begins\u002F"}],"text":"middle-aged adults drink"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" now than did 20 years ago, and middle-aged women are "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fadd.16262"}],"text":"prone to"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7293936\u002F"}],"text":"binge drinking"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":". Maybe that’s why the fervor of the cultural denigration of drinking feels like it is less about the number of people who drink and more about who is drinking."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":7},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"A society that does not trust women attaches a lot of morality to women’s choices. If a mother gives her child a tablet, she is a selfish mother. If she drinks too much one night, she is reckless. In either case, labeling drinking alcohol in any amount a bad decision unfairly condemns women. Anything less than performative abstinence makes a woman too self-absorbed to be good for her family and for society. If we are at all in the throes of a drinking crisis, I believe women would have a lot of defensible reasons for partaking. I also believe we deserve empathy, not condemnation masked as criticism of our choice."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":8},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Choice isn’t the only concept that I find troubling. Going dry draws on the culture of performative health consumption that includes fasting, juicing and purifying. Language is a big part of these types of consumer health choices. In the early 2010s, being thin and able-bodied was out; it was too exclusionary in an inclusivity-obsessed liberal culture. Being strong and “healthy” was in. It was progressive to proclaim that any body could be strong and healthy. It just so happened that the strong, healthy bodies people curated, desired and posted about were also thin and able. Pilates-toned physiques, those thin enough to show musculature but not too bulky, also sold us cosmetics, vitamins, workout regimens, athleisure, journals and lifestyles that promised a clean life in a polluted world."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":9},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"When someone alludes to “clean” healthfulness — from clean living to clean drinking — someone somewhere is carrying the burden of being “dirty.” You cannot have one without the other. The idea of clean is not apolitical because ours is not a fair society. Our culture sorts people by their bodies, from size to color to ability. Historically, it justifies who is assigned to stations beneath political consideration by saying those people are dirty or unclean."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":10},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The clean anti-drinking influencers look very homogeneous. They are often white, able-bodied and conform to Western standards of beauty. Even the more diverse influencers spouting clean living and dry lifestyles promote a network of supplements, coaching and online communities with very white, very Western ideas about health."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":11},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The cultural war on drinking looks very similar to the cultural war on obesity. That war is playing out more as an attack on fat people than on supranational companies that make it expensive and nearly impossible to eat locally, healthfully and affordably. Of course, alcohol consumption comes with health risks. I just wonder why we have more interest in Dry January and mocktails than we have the will to critique our culture of consumption."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":12},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Those individual solutions are more about branding than health care. Performative temperance is a market: A quick scroll through my social media feeds shows influencers calling alcohol “poison,” bubbly visuals of ways to live clean in 2025 and companies selling CBD gummies or weird adaptogen drinks to replace a glass of wine."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":13},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"While alcohol consumption has declined, "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fapnews.com\u002Farticle\u002Fmarijuana-cbd-cannabis-delta-8-thc-690dcbbd118371ed20a2871bab35c57d"}],"text":"other data suggests"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" that CBD use is up. Switching alcohol for CBD does not exactly match my idea of sobriety. But CBD can be easier to market as natural. Natural does not always mean healthy or even safe, but it certainly implies cleanliness."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":14},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Even I am susceptible. I own a bottle of CBD happy pills, purchased in a late-night social media fugue state. I keep them on the kitchen counter to shame myself. Buying morality is always a sucker’s bet."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":15},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Prizing what is natural — and valorizing those who have the means to buy it — shifts our focus from collective responsibility to individual choice. It may feel good to debate whether someone chose cancer because she drank red wine or chose to die because she ate too many carbohydrates and got fat. But it also lets our institutions off the hook. We live in a carcinogen-saturated culture. Everything from our "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F35236935\u002F"}],"text":"food systems"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" to our "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnn.com\u002F2024\u002F09\u002F24\u002Fhealth\u002Fbreast-cancer-food-storage-chemicals\u002Findex.html"}],"text":"consumer packaging"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":" is linked to cancer. Our anxiety about how institutions are failing us makes going dry feel empowering, but it does not build power."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":16},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Micro-dosing CBD gummies because they are natural may count as being “dry,” but it is also isolating. It is not lost on me that our hustle economy might prefer a lonely individual with social anxiety who self-soothes with a digital screen and a gummy or two over a social drinker who loses her cellphone at a bar. My point isn’t that drinking is good. But switching drinking for casual CBD use is not solving a problem so much as buying into one industry instead of another."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":17},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Tossing around moral binary language like “clean” and “natural” is especially dangerous in today’s social-media-driven world. We have the power to circulate millions of aesthetically pleasing images about clean living that just so happen to promote white, upper-class ideals as the antidote to unhealthy cultural invaders. After a generation-redefining pandemic, Donald Trump won over voters with his vicious demonization of immigrants, minorities, non-Western countries and transgender scapegoats. They are the “dirty” threat to this nation’s fantasy of itself as a clean room of meritocracy and nationalism."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":18},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Because of this, it makes sense that everyone seems to be aspiring to prove her cleanliness. The ship is sinking. Posing as clean and ignoring the actual politics of making vulnerable people appear dangerously dirty is like tangoing on the Titanic."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":19},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"So, please do not ask me if I’m clean or call the month “dry.” I accept the science about drinking and I do not care if you abstain, but I reject the cultural politics of being clean and sober when I have never been dirty and I have never been an addict."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":20},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"If you push me on this, I am likely to drink a martini in protest."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"RelatedLinksBlock","description":[],"displayStyle":"STANDARD","related":[{"__typename":"Article","bylines":[{"__typename":"Byline","creators":[{"__typename":"Person","displayName":"Rachael Bedard","id":"UGVyc29uOm55dDovL3BlcnNvbi8wNDA2NTg1ZC05N2UzLTVhNDUtOGEzYy1hYWFlYWM2MjlkN2M="}]}],"collections":[],"firstPublished":"2025-01-13T10:01:42.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"The New Alcohol Warning Is Not a Prescription","seo":"Don’t Overthink the Connection Between Alcohol and Cancer"},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2QzNTk4MDViLWQ0YmEtNThkOC05NzViLTJkOGIwYWMwYzVhOA==","promotionalHeadline":"The New Alcohol Warning Is Not a Prescription","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","credit":"David van der Leeuw","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F15\u002Fopinion\u002F13Bedard\u002F13Bedard-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"square640","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F15\u002Fopinion\u002F13Bedard\u002F13Bedard-square640.jpg","width":640}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"videoLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F15\u002Fopinion\u002F13Bedard\u002F13Bedard-videoLarge.jpg","width":768},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"mediumThreeByTwo440","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F15\u002Fopinion\u002F13Bedard\u002F13Bedard-mediumThreeByTwo440.jpg","width":440},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"threeByTwoSmallAt2X","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F15\u002Fopinion\u002F13Bedard\u002F13Bedard-threeByTwoSmallAt2X.jpg","width":600}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNWUyMjIxMzUtOWMyZS01MmU3LTg0NzItN2M5ODY4M2VkNDg4"},"promotionalSummary":"The surgeon general’s warning is information, not a prescription.","section":{"__typename":"Section","displayName":"Opinion","id":"U2VjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9zZWN0aW9uL2Q3YTcxMTg1LWFhNjAtNTYzNS1iY2UwLTVmYWI3NmM3YzI5Nw=="},"summary":"The surgeon general’s warning is information, not a prescription.","typeOfMaterials":["Op-Ed"],"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F13\u002Fopinion\u002Falcohol-cancer.html"},{"__typename":"Article","bylines":[{"__typename":"Byline","creators":[{"__typename":"Person","displayName":"Charles M. Blow","id":"UGVyc29uOm55dDovL3BlcnNvbi84MTcwY2U5Ni02MWJiLTVjMWUtYmNlOS1lODMyNjNjOGI0YTU="}]}],"collections":[],"firstPublished":"2025-01-09T00:00:07.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"I Quit Drinking Four Years Ago. I’m Still Confronting Drinking Culture.","seo":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2FmZjRmNTBmLTFjMDAtNTQ3My05ZjQyLWQ0YWQ3NzcwMGZlOA==","promotionalHeadline":"I Quit Drinking Four Years Ago. I’m Still Confronting Drinking Culture.","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","credit":"Scott Semler","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F08\u002Fopinion\u002F08blow\u002F08blow-thumbLarge.jpg","width":150}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"square640","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F08\u002Fopinion\u002F08blow\u002F08blow-square640.jpg","width":640}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"videoLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F08\u002Fopinion\u002F08blow\u002F08blow-videoLarge.jpg","width":768},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"mediumThreeByTwo440","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F08\u002Fopinion\u002F08blow\u002F08blow-mediumThreeByTwo440.jpg","width":440},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"threeByTwoSmallAt2X","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F08\u002Fopinion\u002F08blow\u002F08blow-threeByTwoSmallAt2X.jpg","width":600}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNzFhYzJmMmUtYTgwMy01MWFmLTg1MWQtNjc5OWE4NjFhZDEx"},"promotionalSummary":"Yes, you can become sober and remain social.","section":{"__typename":"Section","displayName":"Opinion","id":"U2VjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9zZWN0aW9uL2Q3YTcxMTg1LWFhNjAtNTYzNS1iY2UwLTVmYWI3NmM3YzI5Nw=="},"summary":"Yes, you can become sober and remain social.","typeOfMaterials":["Op-Ed"],"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F08\u002Fopinion\u002Falcohol-drinking-dry-january.html"},{"__typename":"Article","bylines":[{"__typename":"Byline","creators":[{"__typename":"Person","displayName":"Boris Fishman","id":"UGVyc29uOm55dDovL3BlcnNvbi9hNTliN2M2ZC03ZmE5LTUxNGEtOTcwZS1hYTQ3MDY1MmZkZTI="},{"__typename":"Person","displayName":"Jillian Weinberger","id":"UGVyc29uOm55dDovL3BlcnNvbi8zY2NhOTFhOC03ZmVmLTU1ODMtYTFhNS03MTZhNmE1NTNmZWQ="},{"__typename":"Person","displayName":"Vishakha Darbha","id":"UGVyc29uOm55dDovL3BlcnNvbi8yNTgxODU2ZC0yYTJmLTUxNzMtYTY4ZC03ZDVjMDQ5YmMzYmQ="}]}],"collections":[],"firstPublished":"2025-01-07T10:01:41.000Z","headline":{"__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline","default":"There’s More to Wine Than Just a Cancer Warning","seo":""},"id":"QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzRiMTZkNzAxLTc1MTktNTFjMC1hZmM5LTcxODIwYmU0YmJhYg==","promotionalHeadline":"There’s More to Wine Than Just a Cancer Warning","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","credit":"Illustration by The New York Times; photograph by Lyubov Smirnova\u002FGetty","crops":[{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"thumbLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F07\u002Fopinion\u002F07opinions-fishman\u002F07opinions-fishman-thumbLarge-v2.png","width":150}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"square640","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F07\u002Fopinion\u002F07opinions-fishman\u002F07opinions-fishman-square640.png","width":640}]},{"__typename":"ImageCrop","renditions":[{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"videoLarge","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F07\u002Fopinion\u002F07opinions-fishman\u002F07opinions-fishman-videoLarge-v2.png","width":768},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"mediumThreeByTwo440","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F07\u002Fopinion\u002F07opinions-fishman\u002F07opinions-fishman-mediumThreeByTwo440-v2.png","width":440},{"__typename":"ImageRendition","name":"threeByTwoSmallAt2X","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\u002Fimages\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F07\u002Fopinion\u002F07opinions-fishman\u002F07opinions-fishman-threeByTwoSmallAt2X-v2.png","width":600}]}],"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvNmI0MWRmYTItOWE3Mi01NjJjLWFkZWItZmJhMTA4YjE2NTVh"},"promotionalSummary":"A wine aficionado argues that the surgeon general’s warning misses this type of alcohol’s complex joy.","section":{"__typename":"Section","displayName":"Opinion","id":"U2VjdGlvbjpueXQ6Ly9zZWN0aW9uL2Q3YTcxMTg1LWFhNjAtNTYzNS1iY2UwLTVmYWI3NmM3YzI5Nw=="},"summary":"A wine aficionado argues that the surgeon general’s warning misses this type of alcohol’s complex joy.","typeOfMaterials":["Op-Ed"],"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F07\u002Fopinion\u002Fdrinking-alcohol-wine-joy.html"}],"title":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"More on drinking and alcohol"}]},{"__typename":"DetailBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null}],"text":"The Times is committed to publishing "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null},{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2019\u002F01\u002F31\u002Fopinion\u002Fletters\u002Fletters-to-editor-new-york-times-women.html"}],"text":"a diversity of letters"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null}],"text":" to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null},{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.nytimes.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F115014925288-How-to-submit-a-letter-to-the-editor"}],"text":"tips"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null}],"text":". And here’s our email: "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null},{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"mailto:letters@nytimes.com"}],"text":"letters@nytimes.com"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null}],"text":"."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"},{"__typename":"DetailBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null}],"text":"Follow the New York Times Opinion section on "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null},{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fnytopinion"}],"text":"Facebook"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null}],"text":", "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null},{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fnytopinion\u002F"}],"text":"Instagram"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null}],"text":", "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null},{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tiktok.com\u002F@nytopinion"}],"text":"TikTok"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null}],"text":", "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null},{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.whatsapp.com\u002Fchannel\u002F0029VaN8tdZ5vKAGNwXaED0M"}],"text":"WhatsApp"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null}],"text":", "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null},{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"http:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002FNYTOpinion"}],"text":"X"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null}],"text":" and "},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null},{"__typename":"LinkFormat","title":"","uri":null,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.threads.net\u002F@nytopinion"}],"text":"Threads"},{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[{"__typename":"ItalicFormat","type":null}],"text":"."}],"textAlign":"LEFT"}]},"storyFormat":"Article","storylines":[],"subsection":null,"summary":"Do or do not, as Yoda might say. But please shut up about it, as I definitely would say.","timesTags":[{"__typename":"Subject","associatedLegacyCollections":[],"displayName":"Alcoholic Beverages","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsubject\u002Ffb00d794-97ad-5457-ba60-209b2f0d42ec","vernacular":"Alcohol"},{"__typename":"Subject","associatedLegacyCollections":[],"displayName":"Alcohol Abuse","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsubject\u002F9e01b517-3c0f-5a43-926e-8a89cc0600b3","vernacular":"Alcohol abuse"},{"__typename":"Subject","associatedLegacyCollections":[],"displayName":"Loneliness","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsubject\u002F28fa6644-44ef-579a-a3f1-62a114947922","vernacular":"Loneliness"},{"__typename":"Subject","associatedLegacyCollections":[],"displayName":"Medicine and Health","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsubject\u002F27b8b917-5f82-5971-a1f2-442b9d4e7374","vernacular":"disesases;health;illness;medicine"},{"__typename":"Subject","associatedLegacyCollections":[],"displayName":"Cannabis Foods and Products","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsubject\u002F044c0ad5-da03-5e29-a31b-d553adaccb73","vernacular":"Cannabis Foods and Products"},{"__typename":"Subject","associatedLegacyCollections":[],"displayName":"Social Media","isAdvertisingBrandSensitive":false,"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Fsubject\u002F4eff74b3-2d24-5791-9af1-9479e02d033c","vernacular":"Social Media"}],"tone":"OPINION","translations":[],"type":"article","typeOfMaterials":["Op-Ed"],"uri":"nyt:\u002F\u002Farticle\u002Fbc09ff5f-b8f1-52f9-ae69-f7b5b9bb0bfb","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F14\u002Fopinion\u002Fdry-january-social-media-sober.html","wordCount":1577}}},"initialState":{},"config":{"gqlUrlClient":"https:\u002F\u002Fsamizdat-graphql.nytimes.com\u002Fgraphql\u002Fv2","gqlRequestHeaders":{"nyt-app-type":"project-vi","nyt-app-version":"0.0.5","nyt-token":"MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAs+\u002FoUCTBmD\u002FcLdmcecrnBMHiU\u002FpxQCn2DDyaPKUOXxi4p0uUSZQzsuq1pJ1m5z1i0YGPd1U1OeGHAChWtqoxC7bFMCXcwnE1oyui9G1uobgpm1GdhtwkR7ta7akVTcsF8zxiXx7DNXIPd2nIJFH83rmkZueKrC4JVaNzjvD+Z03piLn5bHWU6+w+rA+kyJtGgZNTXKyPh6EC6o5N+rknNMG5+CdTq35p8f99WjFawSvYgP9V64kgckbTbtdJ6YhVP58TnuYgr12urtwnIqWP9KSJ1e5vmgf3tunMqWNm6+AnsqNj8mCLdCuc5cEB74CwUeQcP2HQQmbCddBy2y0mEwIDAQAB","x-nyt-internal-meter-override":undefined,"x-nyt-targeting-dimensions-map":"newsTenure=anon_user"},"gqlFetchTimeout":1500,"disablePersistedQueries":false,"initialDeviceType":"desktop","fastlyAbraConfig":{".ver":"23577.000","AMS_FrictionCircumventionDesktop_cwv":"2_low-mid-truncation","AMS_FrictionCircumventionMobile_cwv":"2_low-mid-truncation","DFP_MediaNet_0123":"","HOME_cwv_chartbeat":"0_Control"},"fastlyEntitlements":[],"platform":undefined,"internalPreviewConfig":{"meter":undefined,"swg":undefined},"webviewEnvironment":{"isInWebview":false,"isPreloaded":false},"isOptimisticallyTruncated":true,"optimisticTruncationDropzone":6,"requestPath":"\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F14\u002Fopinion\u002Fdry-january-social-media-sober.html","isProvisionallyLoggedIn":false,"routeName":"vi-story","serviceWorkerFile":"service-worker-test-1740156238658.js","preloadedServiceWorkerFile":"\u002Fvi-assets\u002Fstatic-assets\u002Fpreloaded-service-worker-1740156398977.js"},"ssrQuery":{},"initialLocation":{"pathname":"\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F14\u002Fopinion\u002Fdry-january-social-media-sober.html","search":""}};</script> <script>!function(){try{var e="undefined"!=typeof window?window:"undefined"!=typeof global?global:"undefined"!=typeof self?self:{},a=(new Error).stack;a&&(e._sentryDebugIds=e._sentryDebugIds||{},e._sentryDebugIds[a]="a18df319-433c-413d-a9e0-a0d7cea4a5ed",e._sentryDebugIdIdentifier="sentry-dbid-a18df319-433c-413d-a9e0-a0d7cea4a5ed")}catch(e){}}();var _global="undefined"!=typeof window?window:"undefined"!=typeof global?global:"undefined"!=typeof self?self:{};_global.SENTRY_RELEASE={id:"879071da9db62e366a44b09e91e545990df7cced"},function(e){function a(a){for(var c,f,t=a[0],r=a[1],s=a[2],i=0,l=[];i<t.length;i++)f=t[i],Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,f)&&n[f]&&l.push(n[f][0]),n[f]=0;for(c in r)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,c)&&(e[c]=r[c]);for(b&&b(a);l.length;)l.shift()();return o.push.apply(o,s||[]),d()}function d(){for(var e,a=0;a<o.length;a++){for(var d=o[a],c=!0,t=1;t<d.length;t++){var r=d[t];0!==n[r]&&(c=!1)}c&&(o.splice(a--,1),e=f(f.s=d[0]))}return e}var c={},n={156:0},o=[];function f(a){if(c[a])return c[a].exports;var d=c[a]={i:a,l:!1,exports:{}};return e[a].call(d.exports,d,d.exports,f),d.l=!0,d.exports}f.e=function(e){var a=[],d=n[e];if(0!==d)if(d)a.push(d[2]);else{var c=new Promise((function(a,c){d=n[e]=[a,c]}));a.push(d[2]=c);var o,t=document.createElement("script");t.charset="utf-8",t.timeout=120,f.nc&&t.setAttribute("nonce",f.nc),t.src=function(e){return f.p+""+({0:"vendor",1:"vendors~accessCodeLPAllAccess~accessCodeLPAudio~accessCodeLPCooking~accessCodeLPGames~accessCodeLPHy~ae19e677",2:"vendors~account~byline~capsule~clientSideCapsule~collections~explainer~getstarted~liveAsset~livePane~32214921",4:"vendors~audio~bestsellers~card~collections~explainer~home~liveAsset~markets~paidpost~reviews~search~~b0abd9a2",5:"vendors~audio~byline~capsule~card~cardpanel~clientSideCapsule~collections~explainer~liveAsset~livePa~5a3d4357",6:"vendors~activateAudioLoginPage~allAccessLandingPage~audioLandingPage~brandLandingPage~cookingLanding~bc806fce",7:"vendors~activateAudioLoginPage~allAccessLandingPage~brandLandingPage~gamesGiftLandingPage~gamesLandi~0c9d5e15",8:"vendors~audio~byline~capsule~carddeck~cardpanel~clientSideCapsule~home~livePanel~paidpost~trending~video",9:"vendors~accessCodeLPAllAccess~accessCodeLPAudio~accessCodeLPCooking~accessCodeLPGames~accessCodeLPHy~8802538a",10:"vendors~accessCodeLPAllAccess~accessCodeLPAudio~accessCodeLPCooking~accessCodeLPGames~accessCodeLPHy~bb6edae8",11:"vendors~accessCodeLPAllAccess~accessCodeLPAudio~accessCodeLPCooking~accessCodeLPGames~accessCodeLPHy~ed77dc00",12:"vendors~athleticGiftLandingPage~athleticLandingPage~audioLandingPage~cookingLandingPage~gamesGiftLan~6e1a4ab4",13:"vendors~getstarted~newsletter~newsletters~newsletterssubscriberonly~recirculation~welcomesubscriber~~a6f3c374",14:"bestsellers~markets~reviews~search~trending~your-list",15:"vendors~athleticGiftLandingPage~athleticLandingPage~audioLandingPage~cookingLandingPage~homeDelivery~183795ad",16:"account~activateaccess~newslettersmanage~newslettersoptout~newslettersreengagement",17:"markets~reviews~timeswire~trending",18:"newsletter~newsletters~newsletterssubscriberonly~your-places-global-update",19:"vendors~CardDeck~carddeck~cardpanel~home",20:"giftArticles~subRecircBottomSheet~timeswire",21:"vendors~bestsellers~card~slideshow",22:"vendors~giftArticles~timeswire~your-list",25:"caHamburgerNestedNavData~nestedNav",26:"emailsignup~your-space",27:"internationalHamburgerNestedNavData",28:"nestedNav~usHamburgerNestedNavData",29:"vendors~account~newslettersoptout",30:"vendors~athleticGiftLandingPage~athleticLandingPage",31:"vendors~brandLandingPage~newsAppLandingPage",32:"vendors~gamesOnboardingOfferLandingPage~newsOnboardingOfferLandingPage",33:"vendors~getstarted~welcomesubscriber",34:"vendors~groupsHigherEdLandingPage~groupsLandingPage",39:"CardDeck",40:"ChineseHanLogo",41:"DealbookLogo",42:"InsiderLogo",43:"NYTCommunitiesFundHeader",44:"Rio2016",45:"SportsFromTheAthleticLogo",46:"TMagazineLogo",47:"UpshotLogo",48:"WorldCupLogo2018",49:"accessCodeLPAllAccess",50:"accessCodeLPAudio",51:"accessCodeLPCooking",52:"accessCodeLPGames",53:"accessCodeLPHyundaicard",54:"accessCodeLPNews",55:"accessCodeLPNexo",56:"accessCodeLPTheAthletic",57:"accessCodeLPWirecutter",58:"account",59:"activateAudioLoginPage",60:"activateaccess",61:"additionalPlaylists",63:"allAccessLandingPage",64:"ask",65:"athleticGiftLandingPage",66:"athleticLandingPage",67:"audio",68:"audioApp",69:"audioLandingPage",70:"audioblock",71:"autoSave",72:"bestsellers",73:"blank",74:"book-review",75:"brandLandingPage",76:"byline",77:"caHamburgerNestedNavData",78:"canadaSiteIndexData",79:"canonicalUrlOverride",80:"capsule",81:"card",82:"carddeck",83:"carddeckadslot",84:"cardpanel",85:"clientSideCapsule",86:"collectionnewsletterform",87:"collections",88:"commentsForm",89:"commentsV2",90:"cookingAppDownloadLandingPage",91:"cookingLandingPage",92:"datasubjectrequest",93:"datasubjectrequestverification",94:"dealbook",95:"defaultSiteIndexData",96:"desktopLogoNav",97:"emailsignup",98:"episodefooter",99:"esHamburgerNestedNavData",100:"explainer",101:"explainerPostHeader",102:"explainerRecirculation",103:"fabActual",104:"featuredproperties",105:"foo",106:"gamesGiftLandingPage",107:"gamesLandingPage",108:"gamesOnboardingOfferLandingPage",109:"gatewayLandingPage",110:"getstarted",111:"giftArticles",112:"giftLandingPage",113:"groupsHigherEdLandingPage",114:"groupsLandingPage",115:"hamburgerDrawer",116:"headerfullbleedhorizontal",117:"headerfullbleedvertical",118:"headerlivebriefingvi",119:"home",120:"homeDeliveryLandingPage",121:"hyundaiCardLandingPage",122:"instacartLandingPage",124:"internationalSiteIndexData",125:"leMondeLandingPage",126:"lens",127:"liveAsset",128:"livePanel",129:"livePostHeader",130:"lottieJSON",132:"markets",133:"mortgagecalculator",134:"nestedNav",135:"newsAppLandingPage",136:"newsOnboardingOfferLandingPage",137:"newsletter",138:"newsletterRecirculation",139:"newsletters",140:"newslettersmanage",141:"newslettersoptout",142:"newslettersreengagement",143:"newsletterssubscriberonly",144:"onsiteMessagingExampleLP",145:"opinion",146:"paidpost",147:"privacy",148:"producernotes",149:"query-and-select",150:"recirculation",151:"related-coverage-chunk",152:"reviewheader",153:"reviews",157:"search",158:"siteIndexContent",159:"sitemap",160:"slideshow",161:"slideshowinline",162:"stickyfilljs",163:"story",164:"subRecircBottomSheet",165:"submittedComment",166:"subscribeWithGoogleLP",167:"surveywithdrawconsent",168:"tabActual",169:"the-athletic",170:"timeswire",171:"trending",172:"upshot",173:"usHamburgerNestedNavData",174:"vanity",176:"vendors~audioblock",177:"vendors~carddeck",178:"vendors~commentsForm",179:"vendors~cookingAppDownloadLandingPage",180:"vendors~emailsignup",181:"vendors~episodefooter",182:"vendors~explainerRecirculation",183:"vendors~giftArticles",184:"vendors~headerfullbleedhorizontal",185:"vendors~headerfullbleedvertical",186:"vendors~headerlivebriefingvi",187:"vendors~homeDeliveryLandingPage",188:"vendors~instacartLandingPage",189:"vendors~mortgagecalculator",190:"vendors~producernotes",191:"vendors~recirculation",192:"vendors~reviewheader",193:"vendors~search",194:"vendors~slideshowinline",195:"vendors~subscribeWithGoogleLP",196:"vendors~viToolbar",197:"vendors~videoblock",198:"vendors~wellContent",199:"viToolbar",200:"video",201:"videoblock",202:"welcomeBannerGames",203:"welcomesubscriber",204:"wellContent",205:"wirecutterLandingPage",206:"world-cup-2019",207:"xpnMobileCooking",208:"xpnMobileWirecutter",209:"your-list",210:"your-places-global-update",211:"your-space"}[e]||e)+"-"+{0:"d219039692ab55462dfb",1:"47822365b65b4f1d8d05",2:"5dcb734a7d903abdc2c5",3:"fe0e45e07f2b6d8f62b3",4:"a46b15b690850d4c4bec",5:"b545d4fc76bdc1d9468c",6:"87cd2ceefbc5bdce5c9d",7:"8e847d9a7941f8475d41",8:"a0c6dd032d669c9f2564",9:"4e7e4469218011b49504",10:"27ed8d477e86da0a8fa0",11:"2cd45a448a749cf5f2fa",12:"3f95d09286d4e1635873",13:"02a9f64efc1b35a3cc63",14:"3545f97dc25220d7705c",15:"08638851d8a017855dcf",16:"efff196d91465d2383db",17:"52acae3119bedc707ec1",18:"e38fcc4ab37d6cbe7993",19:"1762e88bcf472316e1ba",20:"87d1f8de177d0e81e082",21:"2e77a91dd6bd8c4458e4",22:"86f04164d4a4a7a99db4",23:"775b6f79c1f4a1d2b893",24:"e422d27331df45ab1b7a",25:"3da65e046267008aa9f9",26:"bfa439d8b4d0ca561199",27:"15a602cccaa378ba8131",28:"0b0e8d68fc5d51db387d",29:"5776546a844c24616ade",30:"37436dab48f4e7f1f7d1",31:"6b734e2b2e0d8fdb0842",32:"bec066f814246cc0987d",33:"319a5e6a269bd9c43458",34:"9255a46ce13834284d22",35:"f5de5fa1a752c4581f30",36:"4f685eebfbb63f6aeb7b",37:"c9f7c210b823b6bef840",38:"22f0e7436a72aa2ae2e2",39:"b5648c8b2f8da17ea97d",40:"a152505736b4d3b5b85a",41:"70dfaba16bcaa6ccbeff",42:"b4960b085454f84041b8",43:"11f644ca0cfee24994b6",44:"dec4455c4ceef51a50e0",45:"afd8ff38444e212f5ddf",46:"ed9ab8d97adee6583695",47:"8673e0cf75876c8706ae",48:"260f2c476592a2946c3a",49:"1a031c6fa1d6669c0c2b",50:"ab84337d9aa37280147b",51:"d3ebe06430429011964a",52:"8ff21489f2b22df21843",53:"8090cb1dacd88803c33d",54:"5f5f5287eb94254bdbe6",55:"536f8e33ef6dffbe17bd",56:"7112f15c5032e49bc65f",57:"7936009133492f01a8c5",58:"f795e2cc447221b9d6a8",59:"5f1760e6162f6939b42e",60:"b0444b4d127b83102010",61:"c82a60f29a81b20180ff",63:"946d9c76dca2a5942520",64:"a3a4ffcecc7e31fd1f4e",65:"9749a26b58e2c32b5462",66:"3409bfc6b6946a7770c3",67:"68ac915939c9b1e681be",68:"827b007a12c99f1a7bbe",69:"8ab418346b9bede9d76e",70:"61762b439ec23168d1b7",71:"d0fb86fe003dc44cbff5",72:"d6b60bbd86652e5f9189",73:"8cf35d00bcaca1179d1a",74:"50f882f7bc112c50e517",75:"782a60da1c29e57ea408",76:"e0cc1123dbb3b17b1ddc",77:"a286fbbff58fa9ce17c8",78:"e6c5111965ce34911389",79:"e50bc3aa30cdd931ff3a",80:"d98e0acd8a5fcccafe57",81:"67ec7c6e52d153e21a36",82:"6bb3324939050c0815b2",83:"6ae05f177db5761e2557",84:"99c488c609fac3a240c0",85:"37da205a33783bcb4251",86:"1cf4be3682f07a81ce08",87:"164dfdf69e4a87426db5",88:"d55baf7b6e978ddcb742",89:"2f81f67c657846c3eaeb",90:"ac7a56cea8a2aaca2316",91:"7f03134cd9e731fa2bc4",92:"6f2de7ce33e09eda94fa",93:"2d8f0438099ceae4b293",94:"2f8e5ac46833f54a643d",95:"29533c81f7cda40294c0",96:"b921b7739dc8c0bdbd8f",97:"6abee464c238e797f026",98:"f89393c936826bd29758",99:"a2b5d3d1e733c8e08b77",100:"98604d660c4b6653dc07",101:"60928cde978d38683103",102:"9b64a156dc99e498b58f",103:"0eed35d7f2bac1439109",104:"5e754174415f1b78f2dc",105:"8fc4aade34920a4aada4",106:"14ac9e15b1662ab8292a",107:"13f979292be9f1bb58a7",108:"a75887e393ec2e3e12f2",109:"ad6b5503f9b7d6614088",110:"d3f744a9b3515eb529f9",111:"ce5f2fe996d0f8e30f8c",112:"4ece618d6b2ff425c2f2",113:"240d7897dd8c036e5df6",114:"70f72342d5146b87d2f3",115:"8e03ceae280706dca587",116:"14a594a93fa72ade78e4",117:"41c895ecad2aff17936f",118:"b8c7949472ef53216a84",119:"f5c0ce26be2d67ee649a",120:"86cf9d515ee1ac2c87c7",121:"a6b545810aac17246a40",122:"a5cff675f739dd9ef63d",124:"95b891cd64fd2e4aaeed",125:"1fc84b93d1e3ed6b59a0",126:"df06a3311e5d673f3d5c",127:"56a4fc217f65d2d3cfad",128:"fecb2cd82efda4816bdb",129:"7271f53f60e4c465b17f",130:"f611e8570c19f44024b8",132:"6eeb3b4b9d7e941e10d3",133:"7c0920ef4dd03b0aa362",134:"d0254bf0deb85e5bf3c6",135:"56810fe8352e6515dba8",136:"56dd48a875fec8b694c5",137:"cd79da40c7e6827c3f0d",138:"f90667f2f611438ac3ba",139:"1cd1cbb33c7a040f9bd1",140:"e2f76261bbb69e82b289",141:"7b620f2d1de64166bc93",142:"417aa6fa0bf8ed0d6ad3",143:"05493c340f56b4068d9d",144:"e888fd329e361b6f43f8",145:"674197f940196ff7f0ed",146:"7606b8b31f8fe196aead",147:"132536e3212c5f79158e",148:"aac0a25ab2999e9a2526",149:"7208a82f7241ab972c97",150:"cd9312de534a48134854",151:"4ac2967fcf1c03a128c7",152:"6f5bb1d733a044e0235f",153:"0d8780d700edba91599d",157:"3df4b036a5d8463bf655",158:"288daf325e9980d40bf1",159:"cb3fa4733f5437b66bbc",160:"90ade7978e6eff6742b6",161:"6e21c74dc623d326a642",162:"b4be78f783f857834a69",163:"bd33b7503e87a27cf9d0",164:"76279cd840de76304779",165:"91bd4c381f1f4a693d74",166:"be30a7ee4611cbf6ac16",167:"a63a66835e68675d93c0",168:"2672ac97bf453f75a426",169:"126db5a0997035df993f",170:"b13b1ba8e681dafa6507",171:"2d9a8ae9cff6c173b6c0",172:"909e41a59d93e0db19b9",173:"5d2c071d7f02c47ac37b",174:"ae49b87c2640be69429f",176:"ddf175adda7f4e8b5b19",177:"be59b100e17d24c78977",178:"fa417926a5ef457fcf8d",179:"2180b5187c539767c687",180:"982bd4e4409342585a08",181:"c6a1c8c57d3a4a8ae0b1",182:"11a96286e5aae646a899",183:"d24d1bde12ad3fda2cdd",184:"02998d87b6762e336108",185:"b1fb41a0cf6dd347022e",186:"fec98879d6c28179ca25",187:"b9c7c145a1bb920c622e",188:"4de8ab90436849a5da73",189:"adb8a15ee815752bef1f",190:"976a26f765ff955a01cd",191:"fea9d4f326ef265c53e7",192:"9c69ec380b7da357585e",193:"509fea39efd78c8e1959",194:"0f3e2a7011fa886f09b5",195:"7a2bd510c6d82d41717e",196:"2586aab90cf91123b74c",197:"705e0fc173efcd103a1d",198:"cac2adf18ed92438f703",199:"4650ff4313d1403fb380",200:"1d6a1c2dcb7bb866fe9c",201:"3edaa2cddf551ac97442",202:"be4851309bf9a51e7067",203:"78efae8a1b54142e2e97",204:"84b1d3e66ef696928928",205:"a6aa3a0eb59baab73764",206:"a1482ba0e4515436e426",207:"e87e385330af579fb085",208:"b48ed9717177f2d980e2",209:"100e983b5f54dca38d43",210:"27efef1f6046b32eaee4",211:"6e807821b8deeb9756e1",212:"1376f2425506358537f1",213:"e0bf5922df67190bcdc1",214:"93033de1cc57c4cf7512",215:"96ad2c8eb6d0340ae8f9",216:"ac297fab1d55ce43741e",217:"32f8b248ddfaf12b6601",218:"697d712db28e1dd580fa",219:"46ffd1c6be4004f7a85d",220:"b381cc19a9339e829343",221:"68d8fee45131036ce5d4",222:"b337e5b386b36f2298ea",223:"06291f35475377a81b40",224:"24e5209d1c0ce55c36e7",225:"c6ed806f83fddd7bd248",226:"bef81c0cecabbb950620",227:"0c11ebd59cb77b2f4399",228:"c24c73466f9d2ad8a11b",229:"6fca9abbe800ce79f20e",230:"c8557f9d1a736f677e4d"}[e]+".js"}(e);var r=new Error;o=function(a){t.onerror=t.onload=null,clearTimeout(s);var d=n[e];if(0!==d){if(d){var c=a&&("load"===a.type?"missing":a.type),o=a&&a.target&&a.target.src;r.message="Loading chunk "+e+" failed.\n("+c+": "+o+")",r.name="ChunkLoadError",r.type=c,r.request=o,d[1](r)}n[e]=void 0}};var s=setTimeout((function(){o({type:"timeout",target:t})}),12e4);t.onerror=t.onload=o,document.head.appendChild(t)}return Promise.all(a)},f.m=e,f.c=c,f.d=function(e,a,d){f.o(e,a)||Object.defineProperty(e,a,{enumerable:!0,get:d})},f.r=function(e){"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},f.t=function(e,a){if(1&a&&(e=f(e)),8&a)return e;if(4&a&&"object"==typeof e&&e&&e.__esModule)return e;var d=Object.create(null);if(f.r(d),Object.defineProperty(d,"default",{enumerable:!0,value:e}),2&a&&"string"!=typeof e)for(var c in e)f.d(d,c,function(a){return e[a]}.bind(null,c));return d},f.n=function(e){var a=e&&e.__esModule?function(){return e.default}:function(){return e};return f.d(a,"a",a),a},f.o=function(e,a){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,a)},f.p="/vi-assets/static-assets/",f.oe=function(e){throw console.error(e),e};var t=window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[],r=t.push.bind(t);t.push=a,t=t.slice();for(var s=0;s<t.length;s++)a(t[s]);var b=r;d()}([]); //# sourceMappingURL=runtime~main-cadf6715a9265674c5ae.js.map</script> <script defer src="/vi-assets/static-assets/vendor-d219039692ab55462dfb.js"></script> <script defer src="/vi-assets/static-assets/story-bd33b7503e87a27cf9d0.js"></script> <script defer src="/vi-assets/static-assets/opinion-674197f940196ff7f0ed.js"></script> <script defer src="/vi-assets/static-assets/main-7591f4dd7c0c1dc6ac9b.js"></script> <script>(function () { var _f=function(){try{var e=["first-paint","first-contentful-paint","userBtnRender","appRenderTime"];new window.PerformanceObserver(function(r){for(var n=r.getEntries(),a=0;a<n.length;a+=1){var t=n[a];if(e.indexOf(t.name)>-1){var i={};i[t.name]=Math.round(t.duration||t.startTime),(window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[]).push({event:"performance",pageview:{performance:i}})}}}).observe({entryTypes:["mark","measure","paint"]})}catch(e){}};;_f.apply(null, []); })();(function () { var _f=function(){!function(){if(1===Math.floor(20*Math.random())&&(!window.BOOMR||!window.BOOMR.version&&!window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted)){window.BOOMR=window.BOOMR||{},window.BOOMR.snippetStart=(new Date).getTime(),window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted=!0,window.BOOMR.snippetVersion=14,window.BOOMR.url="https://s.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/ATH8A-MAMN8-XPXCH-N5KAX-8D239";var e=(document.currentScript||document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]).parentNode,n=!1,t=document.createElement("link");t.relList&&"function"==typeof t.relList.supports&&t.relList.supports("preload")&&"as"in t?(window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="p",t.href=window.BOOMR.url,t.rel="preload",t.as="script",t.addEventListener("load",function(){if(!n){var t=document.createElement("script");t.id="boomr-scr-as",t.src=window.BOOMR.url,t.async=!0,e.appendChild(t),n=!0}}),t.addEventListener("error",function(){o(!0)}),setTimeout(function(){n||o(!0)},3e3),BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),e.appendChild(t)):o(!1),window.addEventListener?window.addEventListener("load",i,!1):window.attachEvent&&window.attachEvent("onload",i)}function o(t){n=!0;var o,i,d,a,r=document,s=window;if(window.BOOMR.snippetMethod=t?"if":"i",i=function(e,n){var t=r.createElement("script");t.id=n||"boomr-if-as",t.src=window.BOOMR.url,BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),(e=e||r.body).appendChild(t)},!window.addEventListener&&window.attachEvent&&navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE [67]./))return window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="s",void i(e,"boomr-async");(d=document.createElement("IFRAME")).src="about:blank",d.title="",d.role="presentation",d.loading="eager",(a=(d.frameElement||d).style).width=0,a.height=0,a.border=0,a.display="none",e.appendChild(d);try{s=d.contentWindow,r=s.document.open()}catch(e){o=document.domain,d.src="javascript:var d=document.open();d.domain='"+o+"';void 0;",s=d.contentWindow,r=s.document.open()}o?(r._boomrl=function(){this.domain=o,i()},r.write("<body onload='document._boomrl();'>")):(s._boomrl=function(){i()},s.addEventListener?s.addEventListener("load",s._boomrl,!1):s.attachEvent&&s.attachEvent("onload",s._boomrl)),r.close()}function i(e){window.BOOMR_onload=e&&e.timeStamp||(new Date).getTime()}}()};;_f.apply(null, []); })();</script> <script> (function(){ if (document.cookie.indexOf('NYT-S') === -1) { var iframe = document.createElement('iframe'); iframe.height = 0; iframe.width = 0; iframe.style.display = 'none'; iframe.style.visibility = 'hidden'; iframe.src = 'https://myaccount.nytimes.com/auth/prefetch-assets'; document.body.appendChild(iframe); } })(); </script> <script> (function(w, l) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); })(window, 'dataLayer'); </script> <script defer src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-P528B3>m_auth=tfAzqo1rYDLgYhmTnSjPqw>m_preview=env-130>m_cookies_win=x"></script> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P528B3>m_auth=tfAzqo1rYDLgYhmTnSjPqw>m_preview=env-130>m_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- RELEASE 879071da9db62e366a44b09e91e545990df7cced --> </body> </html>