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.desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Chavín de Huántar</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Peru" title="Internal conflict in Peru">Internal conflict in Peru</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar_model.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar_model.jpg/375px-Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar_model.jpg" decoding="async" width="375" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar_model.jpg/563px-Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar_model.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar_model.jpg/750px-Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar_model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><br />A model representing Operation Chavín de Huántar.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>April 22, 1997</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Japanese embassy in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Successful operation </p> <ul><li>Hostages rescued</li> <li>Complete and definitive disappearance of the communist subersive group <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_Revolutionary_Movement" title="Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement">MRTA</a></li> <li>Final dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_Revolutionary_Movement" title="Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement">MRTA</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Peru_(war).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Peru_%28war%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Peru_%28war%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Peru_%28war%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Peru_%28war%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Peru_%28war%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Peru_%28war%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Army" title="Peruvian Army">Peruvian Army</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar_Command" title="Chavín de Huántar Command">Chavín de Huántar Command</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1531" data-file-height="1020" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_Revolutionary_Movement" title="Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement">Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Antonio Ibarcena<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Juan Sandoval <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1531" data-file-height="1020" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9stor_Cartolini" class="mw-redirect" title="Néstor Cartolini">Néstor Cartolini</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 142 special forces</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 14 MRTA rebels</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 2 operators killed</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> All 14 rebels killed</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1 Peruvian hostage killed</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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does not exist)">Ancón</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Palacio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Palacio (page does not exist)">Palacio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Moyano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Moyano (page does not exist)">María Elena Moyano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Hip%C3%B3crates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Hipócrates (page does not exist)">Hipócrates</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Huascaura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Huascaura (page does not exist)">Huascaura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Monterrico-90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Monterrico-90 (page does not exist)">Monterrico-1990</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operatiin_Caballero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operatiin Caballero (page does not exist)">Caballero</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Seso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Seso (page does not exist)">Seso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Fortuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Fortuna (page does not exist)">Fortuna</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Caf%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Café (page does not exist)">Café</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Victoria" title="Operation Victoria">Victoria</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Deslinde_95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Deslinde 95 (page does not exist)">Deslinde 1995</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_embassy_hostage_crisis" title="Japanese embassy hostage crisis">1st Jesús Maria</a> <ul><li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chavín de Huántar</a></b></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Ram%C3%ADrez_(terrorist)#Operation_Cerco_99_and_imprisonment" title="Óscar Ramírez (terrorist)">Cerco 99</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatun_Asha_ambush" title="Hatun Asha ambush">Hatun Asha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Crep%C3%BAsculo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Crepúsculo (page does not exist)">Crepúsculo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comrade_Alipio" title="Comrade Alipio">Camaleón</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llochegua_Clashes" title="Llochegua Clashes">Llochegua</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Patriota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Patriota (page does not exist)">Patriota</a></b></i></li></ul> <p><b>Attacks, Incidents or Battles</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuschi_ballot_burning_incident" title="Chuschi ballot burning incident">Chuschi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Mart%C3%ADn_de_Porres_attack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Martín de Porres attack (page does not exist)">San Martín de Porres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping%27s_dogs" title="Deng Xiaoping's dogs">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeastern_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northeastern Front (page does not exist)">Sierra and Selva Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_of_Ayacucho_prison" title="Assault of Ayacucho prison">Ayacucho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vilcashuam%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vilcashuamán (page does not exist)">Vilcashuamán</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Callao_(1985)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Callao (1985) (page does not exist)">1st Callao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_North_Korean_embassy_attack_in_Lima" title="1987 North Korean embassy attack in Lima">1st San Isidro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Uchiza_(1987)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of Uchiza (1987) (page does not exist)">1st Uchiza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Pedro_attack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Pedro attack (page does not exist)">Cuzco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Mart%C3%ADn_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Martín campaign (page does not exist)">San Martín</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Juanju%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of Juanjuí (page does not exist)">Juanjuí</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Soviet_embassy_attack_in_Lima" title="1986 Soviet embassy attack in Lima">2nd San Isidro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Callao_bombing" title="1989 Callao bombing">2nd Callao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Uchiza_(1989)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raid on Uchiza (1989) (page does not exist)">2nd Uchiza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Uchiza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Uchiza (page does not exist)">3rd Uchiza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frecuencia_Latina_bombing" title="Frecuencia Latina bombing">2nd Jesús Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Bolivian_embassy_attack_in_Lima" title="1992 Bolivian embassy attack in Lima">3rd San Isidro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Peruvian_embassy_attack_in_Stockholm" title="1992 Peruvian embassy attack in Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarata_bombing" title="Tarata bombing">Mariflores</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Aguayt%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Aguaytía (page does not exist)">Aguaytía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Lima_bombing" title="2002 Lima bombing">Santiago de Surco</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Peru" title="List of massacres in Peru">Massacres</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Olegario_Curitomay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assassination of Olegario Curitomay (page does not exist)">1st Lucanamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Lucanamarca_massacre" title="1983 Lucanamarca massacre">2nd Lucanamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Secce_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San José de Secce massacre (page does not exist)">San José de Secce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putis_massacre" title="Putis massacre">Putis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accomarca_massacre" title="Accomarca massacre">Accomarca</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarapoto_massacre" title="Tarapoto massacre">Noche de las Gardenias</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Picuruyacu_kidnapping_(1989)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Picuruyacu kidnapping (1989) (page does not exist)">Picuruyacu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aucayacu_massacre" title="Aucayacu massacre">Aucayacu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Hoyada_massacre" title="La Hoyada massacre">La Hoyada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_prison_massacres" title="Peruvian prison massacres">Prisons in Lima</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prison_Lurigancho_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prison Lurigancho massacre (page does not exist)">1st San Juan de Lurigancho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prison_Santa_B%C3%A1rbara_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prison Santa Bárbara massacre (page does not exist)">3rd Callao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prison_El_Front%C3%B3n_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prison El Frontón massacre (page does not exist)">4th Callao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_massacre_(1989)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Francisco massacre (1989) (page does not exist)">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santo_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Pata_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santo Tomás de Pata massacre (page does not exist)">Santo Tomás de Pata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ccano_massacre" title="Ccano massacre">Ccano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrios_Altos_massacre" title="Barrios Altos massacre">Barrios Altos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_massacre" title="Santa massacre">Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cantuta_massacre" title="La Cantuta massacre">La Cantuta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prison_Castro_Castro_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prison Castro Castro massacre (page does not exist)">2nd San Juan de Lurigancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_del_Ene_attack" title="San Miguel del Ene attack">San Miguel del Ene</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Operation Chavín de Huántar</b> was a military operation in which a team of 142 <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commandos</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Armed_Forces" title="Peruvian Armed Forces">Peruvian Armed Forces</a> ended the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Japanese_embassy_hostage_crisis" title="Japanese embassy hostage crisis">Japanese embassy hostage crisis</a> by raiding the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassador</a>'s residence and freeing the hostages held there by the terrorist organization <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_Revolutionary_Movement" title="Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement">Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement</a> (MRTA). It is considered one of the most successful hostage rescues in history.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparation">Preparation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Chavín de Huántar</i> was chosen for the operation because to make the incursion possible, tunnels were to be dug under the ambassador's residence from adjacent buildings. <a href="/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar" title="Chavín de Huántar">Chavín de Huántar</a> is an archeological site in the central highlands of Peru which is famous for its underground passageways.<sup id="cite_ref-..en_Perú_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-..en_Perú-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is said that President <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a> himself came up with the name. </p><p>The rescue operation was prepared and exercised in an exact replica of the residence located at the nearby <a href="/wiki/Chorrillos_Military_School" title="Chorrillos Military School">Chorrillos Military School</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-..en_Perú_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-..en_Perú-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there the commandos practiced every detail of the operation, including the weight of the explosives to be used to open the floor of the residence. </p><p>Key to the operation was the intelligence provided by <a href="/wiki/Luis_Giampietri" title="Luis Giampietri">Luis Giampietri</a>, admiral of the <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Navy" title="Peruvian Navy">Peruvian Navy</a> at the time and former commander of a special operations group. He received and distributed hundreds of bugged items in the building and himself communicated by radio with the <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian military">Peruvian military</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assault">Assault</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Assault"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%A9sar_Astudillo_RESCATE_DE_REHENES_CHAV%C3%8DN_DE_HU%C3%81NTAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/C%C3%A9sar_Astudillo_RESCATE_DE_REHENES_CHAV%C3%8DN_DE_HU%C3%81NTAR.png/220px-C%C3%A9sar_Astudillo_RESCATE_DE_REHENES_CHAV%C3%8DN_DE_HU%C3%81NTAR.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/C%C3%A9sar_Astudillo_RESCATE_DE_REHENES_CHAV%C3%8DN_DE_HU%C3%81NTAR.png/330px-C%C3%A9sar_Astudillo_RESCATE_DE_REHENES_CHAV%C3%8DN_DE_HU%C3%81NTAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/C%C3%A9sar_Astudillo_RESCATE_DE_REHENES_CHAV%C3%8DN_DE_HU%C3%81NTAR.png/440px-C%C3%A9sar_Astudillo_RESCATE_DE_REHENES_CHAV%C3%8DN_DE_HU%C3%81NTAR.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>Peruvian commandos rescuing a Japanese diplomat.</figcaption></figure> <p>Over the course of the assault on 22 April 1997, 19-year-veteran Colonel Juan Alfonso Valer Sandoval, 11-year-veteran Captain Raúl Gustavo Jiménez Chávez, and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Peru" title="Supreme Court of Peru">Supreme Court</a> Justice Dr. Carlos Ernesto Giusti Acuña were killed. All fourteen of the rebels were killed by Peruvian special forces operators armed with <a href="/wiki/FN_Herstal" title="FN Herstal">FN</a> <a href="/wiki/FN_P90" title="FN P90">P90s</a>. The success of the operation was tainted by subsequent claims, backed by several witnesses, that at least three and possibly eight of the rebels had been summarily executed by the operators after surrendering. There are also rumours that <a href="/wiki/Vladimiro_Montesinos" title="Vladimiro Montesinos">Vladimiro Montesinos</a>, Chief of Military Intelligence, ordered the execution of Supreme Court Justice Dr. Carlos Giusti, the only hostage who died, and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tudela" title="Francisco Tudela">Francisco Tudela</a>, who nonetheless survived, who were political rivals of Alberto Fujimori.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Colonel Juan Valer was killed after being shot seven times while trying to protect Tudela (who was seriously injured as well) and Captain Raúl Jimenez was killed by a grenade thrown by the same rebel who killed Valer and injured Tudela. Supreme Court Justice Dr. Carlos Giusti Acuña was shot in the leg and died of his wounds.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_actions">Legal actions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legal actions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2000, the relatives of the aforementioned terrorists filed a criminal complaint with the Public Prosecutor's Office, alleging that their relatives were extrajudicially executed. In 2002, the case<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What case? (May 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> was taken up by public prosecutors, but the <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian Supreme Court">Peruvian Supreme Court</a> ruled that the military tribunals had jurisdiction. A military court later absolved them of guilt, and the "Chavín de Huántar" soldiers led the 2004 military parade. In response, MRTA family members filed suit in 2003 at the <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="Inter-American Commission on Human Rights">Inter-American Commission on Human Rights</a> (CIDH) accusing the Peruvian state of human rights violations, namely that the MRTA rebels had been denied "right to life, the right to judicial guarantees and the right to judicial protection". The CIDH accepted the case and is currently studying it.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CHAVIN_DE_HUANTAR_(8672477017).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/CHAVIN_DE_HUANTAR_%288672477017%29.jpg/250px-CHAVIN_DE_HUANTAR_%288672477017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/CHAVIN_DE_HUANTAR_%288672477017%29.jpg/375px-CHAVIN_DE_HUANTAR_%288672477017%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/CHAVIN_DE_HUANTAR_%288672477017%29.jpg/500px-CHAVIN_DE_HUANTAR_%288672477017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1555" /></a><figcaption>Peruvian Ministry of Defense and military personnel commemorating the operation in 2013.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Alan_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Alan García">Alan García</a>, then president of Peru, ruled that every year on April 22, the country would commemorate the day of "military bravery" in honor of the Operation Chavín de Huántar, considered one of the most successful military rescues in a <a href="/wiki/Hostage_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hostage crisis">hostage crisis</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government of <a href="/wiki/Ollanta_Humala" title="Ollanta Humala">Ollanta Humala</a> honored the soldiers who took part of the successful operation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 19, 2017, the servicepeople who carried out the operation were awarded the Military Order of Ayacucho, Grand Cross grade, by the Peruvian president <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Kuczynski" title="Pedro Pablo Kuczynski">Pedro Pablo Kuczynski</a>, according to Supreme Resolution Number 031-2017-DE.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 21, 2017, Law Number 30554 was enacted by the <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian Congress">Peruvian Congress</a>, which proclaimed the Chavín de Huántar commandos "Heroes of Democracy".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larepublica.pe/16-05-2002/montesinos-mando-matar-vocal-carlos-giusti-y-ex-canciller-tudela">the original</a> on September 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Republica&rft.atitle=Montesinos+mand%C3%B3+matar+a+vocal+Carlos+Giusti+y+a+ex+canciller+Tudela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larepublica.pe%2F16-05-2002%2Fmontesinos-mando-matar-vocal-carlos-giusti-y-ex-canciller-tudela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Chav%C3%ADn+de+Hu%C3%A1ntar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cidh.org/annualrep/2004eng/Peru.136.03.eng.htm">"Peru Petition 136/03 Admissibility"</a>. Cidh.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peru+Petition+136%2F03+Admissibility&rft.pub=Cidh.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cidh.org%2Fannualrep%2F2004eng%2FPeru.136.03.eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Chav%C3%ADn+de+Hu%C3%A1ntar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rpp.com.pe/2011-04-22-el-rescate-chavin-de-huantar-14-anos-despues-noticia_358209.html">"El rescate Chavín de Huántar, 14 ańos después"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/RPP_Noticias" class="mw-redirect" title="RPP Noticias">RPP Noticias</a>. 2011-04-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+rescate+Chav%C3%ADn+de+Hu%C3%A1ntar%2C+14+a%C5%84os+despu%C3%A9s&rft.pub=RPP+Noticias&rft.date=2011-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpp.com.pe%2F2011-04-22-el-rescate-chavin-de-huantar-14-anos-despues-noticia_358209.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Chav%C3%ADn+de+Hu%C3%A1ntar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926084330/http://peru21.pe/2012/01/05/actualidad/gobierno-condecorara-comandos-2006221">"Gobierno condecorará a comandos - Actualidad | Perú 21"</a>. Peru21.pe. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peru21.pe/2012/01/05/actualidad/gobierno-condecorara-comandos-2006221">the original</a> on 2013-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gobierno+condecorar%C3%A1+a+comandos+-+Actualidad+%26%23124%3B+Per%C3%BA+21&rft.pub=Peru21.pe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperu21.pe%2F2012%2F01%2F05%2Factualidad%2Fgobierno-condecorara-comandos-2006221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Chav%C3%ADn+de+Hu%C3%A1ntar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andina.pe/ingles/noticia.aspx?id=663504">"President Kuczynski honors Chavin de Huantar commandos"</a>. andina.com.pe. 19 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Kuczynski+honors+Chavin+de+Huantar+commandos&rft.pub=andina.com.pe&rft.date=2017-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandina.pe%2Fingles%2Fnoticia.aspx%3Fid%3D663504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Chav%C3%ADn+de+Hu%C3%A1ntar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andina.pe/ingles/noticia.aspx?id=663717">"Peru: Chavin de Huantar commandos named Heroes of Democracy"</a>. andina.com.pe. 20 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peru%3A+Chavin+de+Huantar+commandos+named+Heroes+of+Democracy&rft.pub=andina.com.pe&rft.date=2017-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandina.pe%2Fingles%2Fnoticia.aspx%3Fid%3D663717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Chav%C3%ADn+de+Hu%C3%A1ntar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Chav%C3%ADn_de_Hu%C3%A1ntar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001025115758/http://www.caretas.com.pe/1450/show/show.htm">"El Show de las Armas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Caretas" title="Caretas">Caretas</a></i>. No. 1450. 1997-01-30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caretas.com.pe/1450/show/show.htm">the original</a> on 2000-10-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Caretas&rft.atitle=El+Show+de+las+Armas&rft.issue=1450&rft.date=1997-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caretas.com.pe%2F1450%2Fshow%2Fshow.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Chav%C3%ADn+de+Hu%C3%A1ntar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internal_conflict_in_Peru_(1980–present)125" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internal_conflict_in_Peru" title="Template:Internal conflict in Peru"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internal_conflict_in_Peru" title="Template talk:Internal conflict in Peru"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internal_conflict_in_Peru" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internal conflict in Peru"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internal_conflict_in_Peru_(1980–present)125" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Peru" title="Internal conflict in Peru">Internal conflict in Peru</a> (1980–present)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6" style="font-size:110%;text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="font-size:110%; background-color:#b0c4de"> <p>Participants </p> </th> <th colspan="1" style="font-size:110%; background-color:#b0c4de"> <p>Timeline </p> </th> <th style="font-size:110%; background-color:#b0c4de"> <p>Key aspects </p> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td colspan="3" style="line-height:10pt; padding:0.25em 0;"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <i> </i></div> </td> <td width="30%" rowspan="3" style="padding-left:0.5em; text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">1968 Peruvian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru" title="Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru">Revolutionary Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shining_Path#Origins" title="Shining Path">Founding of the Shining Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limazo" title="Limazo">Limazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacnazo" title="Tacnazo">Tacnazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuschi_ballot_burning_incident" title="Chuschi ballot burning incident">Chuschi ballot burning incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping%27s_dogs" title="Deng Xiaoping's dogs">Deng Xiaoping's dogs incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_of_Ayacucho_prison" title="Assault of Ayacucho prison">Assault of Ayacucho prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Lucanamarca_massacre" title="1983 Lucanamarca massacre">1983 Lucanamarca massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putis_massacre" title="Putis massacre">Putis massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accomarca_massacre" title="Accomarca massacre">Accomarca massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_prison_massacres" title="Peruvian prison massacres">Peruvian prison massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Soviet_embassy_attack_in_Lima" title="1986 Soviet embassy attack in Lima">1986 Soviet embassy attack in Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aucayacu_massacre" title="Aucayacu massacre">Aucayacu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Juan_Carlos_Vega_Llona" title="Assassination of Juan Carlos Vega Llona">Assassination of Juan Carlos Vega Llona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_North_Korean_embassy_attack_in_Lima" title="1987 North Korean embassy attack in Lima">1987 North Korean embassy attack in Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Callao_bombing" title="1989 Callao bombing">1989 Callao bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrios_Altos_massacre" title="Barrios Altos massacre">Barrios Altos massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Peruvian_self-coup" title="1992 Peruvian self-coup">1992 Peruvian self-coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Bolivian_embassy_attack_in_Lima" title="1992 Bolivian embassy attack in Lima">1992 Bolivian embassy attack in Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Peruvian_embassy_attack_in_Stockholm" title="1992 Peruvian embassy attack in Stockholm">1992 Peruvian embassy attack in Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_massacre" title="Santa massacre">Santa massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frecuencia_Latina_bombing" title="Frecuencia Latina bombing">Frecuencia Latina bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarata_bombing" title="Tarata bombing">Tarata bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cantuta_massacre" title="La Cantuta massacre">La Cantuta massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_embassy_hostage_crisis" title="Japanese embassy hostage crisis">Japanese embassy hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Operation Chavín de Huántar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locumba_uprising" title="Locumba uprising">Locumba uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Peru_shootdown" title="2001 Peru shootdown">2001 Peru shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Lima_bombing" title="2002 Lima bombing">2002 Lima bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andahuaylazo" class="mw-redirect" title="Andahuaylazo">Andahuaylazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatun_Asha_ambush" title="Hatun Asha ambush">Hatun Asha ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llochegua_Clashes" title="Llochegua Clashes">Llochegua Clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarized_Communist_Party_of_Peru#Break_with_Abimael_Guzmán" title="Militarized Communist Party of Peru">Founding of the MPCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_del_Ene_attack" title="San Miguel del Ene attack">San Miguel del Ene attack</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Patriota" class="extiw" title="es:Operación Patriota">Operation Patriot</a></li></ul> <div> </div> </td> <td width="20%" rowspan="7" style="padding-left:0.5em; text-align:left;"> <div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: #7BA05B; color: #FFFFFF;"> <b>Government policies and actions</b> </span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Agrarian_Reform" title="Peruvian Agrarian Reform">Peruvian Agrarian Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_reform_in_Peru_under_Alberto_Fujimori" title="Judiciary reform in Peru under Alberto Fujimori">Judiciary reform in Peru under Alberto Fujimori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Alberto_Fujimori_administration" title="Economic policy of the Alberto Fujimori administration">Economic policy of the Alberto Fujimori administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Population_Program" title="National Population Program">National Population Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_sterilization_in_Peru" title="Forced sterilization in Peru">Forced sterilization in Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(Peru)" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Peru)">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_and_trial_of_Alberto_Fujimori" title="Arrest and trial of Alberto Fujimori">Arrest and trial of Alberto Fujimori</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: #7BA05B; color: #FFFFFF;"> <b>Illegal drug trade</b> </span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Peru" title="Illegal drug trade in Peru">Illegal drug trade in Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">War on drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcoterrorism" title="Narcoterrorism">Narcoterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca_eradication" title="Coca eradication">Coca eradication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Snowcap" title="Operation Snowcap">Operation Snowcap</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: #7BA05B; color: #FFFFFF;"> <b>Related</b> </span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terruqueo" title="Terruqueo">Terruqueo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_of_Huamanga_University" title="San Cristóbal of Huamanga University">San Cristóbal of Huamanga University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_de_los_R%C3%ADos_Apur%C3%ADmac,_Ene_y_Mantaro" title="Valle de los Ríos Apurímac, Ene y Mantaro">VRAEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huallaga_River" title="Huallaga River">Huallaga River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_internal_conflict_in_Peru" title="Women in the internal conflict in Peru">Women in the internal conflict in Peru</a></li></ul> <p><br /> <br /> <br /> </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th colspan="1" style="background:LightGoldenrodYellow; line-height:11pt; padding:0.25em 0; text-align:center; font-size:110%;">Shining Path and remnants<br /> </th> <th style="background:mistyrose; line-height:11pt; padding:0.25em 0; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Peru" title="Government of Peru">Government of Peru</a> </th> <th style="background:lavender; line-height:11pt; padding:0.25em 0; text-align:center; font-size:110%;">MRTA<br /> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td width="15%" rowspan="5" style="text-align:left;"> <div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Shining_Path" title="Shining Path">Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Militarized_Communist_Party_of_Peru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_the_Militarized_Communist_Party_of_Peru.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Militarized_Communist_Party_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_the_Militarized_Communist_Party_of_Peru.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Militarized_Communist_Party_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_the_Militarized_Communist_Party_of_Peru.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Militarized_Communist_Party_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Militarized_Communist_Party_of_Peru" title="Militarized Communist Party of Peru">Militarized Communist Party of Peru</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendero_Luminoso_del_Alto_Huallaga" class="extiw" title="es:Sendero Luminoso del Alto Huallaga">Huallaga Faction</a> (until 2012)</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_PCP-CBMR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_PCP-CBMR.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_PCP-CBMR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_PCP-CBMR.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_PCP-CBMR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_PCP-CBMR.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_PCP-CBMR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_Base_Mantaro_Rojo" class="extiw" title="es:Comité Base Mantaro Rojo">Red Mantaro Base Committee</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/FARC_en_Loreto" class="extiw" title="es:FARC en Loreto">FARC-EP in Peru</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i>Linked to</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Libya_(1977%E2%80%932011).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">Libya</a> (until 2011)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/23px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/35px-InfoboxHez.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/45px-InfoboxHez.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MOVADEF_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/MOVADEF_logo.svg/22px-MOVADEF_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/MOVADEF_logo.svg/33px-MOVADEF_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/MOVADEF_logo.svg/44px-MOVADEF_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="225" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/MOVADEF" class="mw-redirect" title="MOVADEF">MOVADEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shining_Path#United_Front" title="Shining Path">FUDEPP</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICL_English.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/ICL_English.png/22px-ICL_English.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/ICL_English.png/33px-ICL_English.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/ICL_English.png/44px-ICL_English.png 2x" data-file-width="1135" data-file-height="755" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/International_Communist_League_(Maoist)" title="International Communist League (Maoist)">International Communist League</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ethnocacerist_Movement_(Chinchay_Suyu).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_the_Ethnocacerist_Movement_%28Chinchay_Suyu%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Ethnocacerist_Movement_%28Chinchay_Suyu%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_the_Ethnocacerist_Movement_%28Chinchay_Suyu%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Ethnocacerist_Movement_%28Chinchay_Suyu%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_the_Ethnocacerist_Movement_%28Chinchay_Suyu%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Ethnocacerist_Movement_%28Chinchay_Suyu%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ethnocacerism" title="Ethnocacerism">Ethnocacerist movement</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ASPRET_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/ASPRET_Symbol.svg/22px-ASPRET_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/ASPRET_Symbol.svg/33px-ASPRET_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/ASPRET_Symbol.svg/44px-ASPRET_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="322" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Plurinational_Association_of_Tawantinsuyo_Reservists" title="Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists">Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Internationalist_Movement" title="Revolutionary Internationalist Movement">Revolutionary Internationalist Movement</a> (until 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FARC_dissidents" title="FARC dissidents">FARC dissidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Andean_Revolutionary_Front_of_Peru" title="United Democratic Andean Revolutionary Front of Peru">United Democratic Andean Revolutionary Front of Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organised_crime_in_Peru" title="Organised crime in Peru">Peruvian drug traffickers</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td width="15%" style="text-align:left;"> <div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Armed_Forces" title="Peruvian Armed Forces">Peruvian Armed Forces</a>:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Army" title="Peruvian Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Air_Force" title="Peruvian Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Navy" title="Peruvian Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian Marines">Peruvian Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Peru" title="National Police of Peru">National Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinchis" title="Sinchis">Sinchis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Peru)" title="National Intelligence Service (Peru)">National Intelligence Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Intelligence_Group" title="Special Intelligence Group">Special Intelligence Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><b>Other:</b></i> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cusco_%281978%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cusco_%281978%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cusco_%281978%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cusco_%281978%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cusco_%281978%E2%80%932021%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cusco_%281978%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rondas_campesinas" title="Rondas campesinas">Rondas campesinas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sole_National_Central_of_Peasant_Rounds_of_Peru" title="Sole National Central of Peasant Rounds of Peru">Sole National Central of Peasant Rounds of Peru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Colina" title="Grupo Colina">Grupo Colina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Franco_Command" title="Rodrigo Franco Command">Rodrigo Franco Command</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i>Linked to</i> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a><br />(until 1991)</li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td width="15%" rowspan="5" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_MRTA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1531" data-file-height="1020" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_Revolutionary_Movement" title="Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement">Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement</a><br />(until 1997)</li></ul> <hr /> <p><i>Linked to</i> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Libya_(1977%E2%80%932011).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">Libya</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_the_FSLN.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_FSLN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_the_FSLN.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_FSLN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_the_FSLN.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_FSLN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="498" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (until 1991)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_M-19.svg/23px-Flag_of_M-19.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_M-19.svg/35px-Flag_of_M-19.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_M-19.svg/45px-Flag_of_M-19.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/19th_of_April_Movement" title="19th of April Movement">19th of April Movement</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bandera_-_Frente_Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD_para_la_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional.svg/22px-Bandera_-_Frente_Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD_para_la_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bandera_-_Frente_Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD_para_la_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional.svg/34px-Bandera_-_Frente_Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD_para_la_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bandera_-_Frente_Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD_para_la_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional.svg/44px-Bandera_-_Frente_Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD_para_la_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="444" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD_National_Liberation_Front" title="Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front">Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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