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water pump</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: PV-operated water pump"> <meta name="keywords" content="PV-operated water pump"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="PV-operated water pump"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8910</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: PV-operated water pump</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8700</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics Study on Water Soot Blower Direction in Tangentially Fired Pulverized-Coal Boiler</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teewin%20Plangsrinont">Teewin Plangsrinont</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasawat%20Nakkiew"> Wasawat Nakkiew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was utilized to simulate and predict the path of water from water soot blower through an ambient flow field in 300-megawatt tangentially burned pulverized coal boiler that utilizes a water soot blower as a cleaning device. To predict the position of the impact of water on the opposite side of the water soot blower under identical conditions, the nozzle size and water flow rate were fixed in this investigation. The simulation findings demonstrated a high degree of accuracy in predicting the direction of water flow to the boiler's water wall tube, which was validated by comparison to experimental data. Results show maximum deviation value of the water jet trajectory is 10.2 percent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tangentially%20fired%20boiler" title=" tangentially fired boiler"> tangentially fired boiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20power%20plant" title=" thermal power plant"> thermal power plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20soot%20blower" title=" water soot blower"> water soot blower</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129135/computational-fluid-dynamics-study-on-water-soot-blower-direction-in-tangentially-fired-pulverized-coal-boiler" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8699</span> Water Supply and Utility Management to Address Urban Sanitation Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akshaya%20P.">Akshaya P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyanjali%20Prabhkaran"> Priyanjali Prabhkaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper examines the formulation of strategies to develop a comprehensive model of city level water utility management to addressing urban sanitation issues. The water is prime life sustaining natural resources and nature’s gifts to all living beings on the earth multiple urban sanitation issues are addressed in the supply of water in a city. Many of these urban sanitation issues are linked to population expansion and economic inequity. Increased usage of water and the development caused water scarcity. The lack of water supply results increases the chance of unhygienic situations in the cities. In this study, the urban sanitation issues are identified with respect to water supply and utility management. The study compared based on their best practices and initiatives. From this, best practices and initiatives identify suitable sustainable measures to address water supply issues in the city level. The paper concludes with the listed provision that should be considered suitable measures for water supply and utility management in city level to address the urban sanitation issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title="water">water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benchmarking%20water%20supply" title=" benchmarking water supply"> benchmarking water supply</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20supply%20networks" title=" water supply networks"> water supply networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20supply%20management" title=" water supply management"> water supply management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153591/water-supply-and-utility-management-to-address-urban-sanitation-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8698</span> Evaluation of Water Quality on the Strength of Simple Concrete: Case Study of Wells in Jipijapa, Manabí, Ecuador</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20Cesar%20Pino%20Tarrag%C3%B3">Julio Cesar Pino Tarragó</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dunia%20Lisbet%20Dom%C3%ADnguez%20G%C3%A1lvez"> Dunia Lisbet Domínguez Gálvez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20Alfonso%20Moreno%20Ponce"> Luis Alfonso Moreno Ponce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jhony%20Julio%20Regalado%20Jalca"> Jhony Julio Regalado Jalca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the impact of three distinct types of water on the compressive strength of plain concrete, focusing on samples from wells in Jipijapa, Manabí, Ecuador: Joa water, characterized by high sulfur content; Chade 1 water, with low sulfur content; and Chade 2 water, which is highly brackish. Compressive strength tests were conducted at 7, 14, and 28 days to assess the influence of these water types on the structural integrity of the concrete. The results indicate that both brackish and sulfur-rich water significantly reduces concrete strength, while Chade 1 water, though initially enhancing strength, displays variability in long-term performance. These outcomes underscore the importance of optimizing construction practices in regions like Jipijapa, where potable water is scarce, by exploring sustainable alternatives for using non-potable water, thereby conserving limited water resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plain%20concrete" title=" plain concrete"> plain concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfur%20water" title=" sulfur water"> sulfur water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brackish%20water" title=" brackish water"> brackish water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189221/evaluation-of-water-quality-on-the-strength-of-simple-concrete-case-study-of-wells-in-jipijapa-manabi-ecuador" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">37</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8697</span> Calculation of Water Economy Balance for Water Management </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vakhtang%20Geladze">Vakhtang Geladze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Bolashvili"> Nana Bolashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamazi%20Karalashvili"> Tamazi Karalashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nino%20Machavariani"> Nino Machavariani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Karalashvili"> Ana Karalashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Geladze"> George Geladze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Kvirkvelia"> Nana Kvirkvelia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fresh water deficit is one of the most important global problems today. It must be taken into consideration that in the nearest future fresh water crisis will become even more acute owing to the global climate warming and fast desertification processes in the world. Georgia is rich in water resources, but there are disbalance between the eastern and western parts of the country. The goal of the study is to integrate the recent mechanisms compatible with European standards into Georgian water resources management system on the basis of GIS. Moreover, to draw up water economy balance for the purpose of proper determination of water consumption priorities that will be an exchange ratio of water resources and water consumption of the concrete territory. For study region was choose south-eastern part of country, Kvemo kartli Region. This is typical agrarian region, tends to the desertification. The water supply of the region was assessed on the basis of water economy balance, which was first time calculated for this region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desertification" title="desertification">desertification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20management" title=" sustainable management"> sustainable management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20management" title=" water management"> water management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86911/calculation-of-water-economy-balance-for-water-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8696</span> Optimising the Reservoir Operation Using Water Resources Yield and Planning Model at Inanda Dam, uMngeni Basin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Nkwonta">O. Nkwonta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Dzwairo"> B. Dzwairo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Otieno"> F. Otieno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Adeyemo"> J. Adeyemo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effective management of water resources is of great importance to ensure the supply of water resources to support changing water requirements over a selected planning horizon and in a sustainable and cost-effective way. Essentially, the purpose of the water resources planning process is to balance the available water resources in a system with the water requirements and losses to which the system is subjected. In such situations, water resources yield and planning model can be used to solve those difficulties. It has an advantage over other models by managing model runs, developing a representative system network, modelling incremental sub-catchments, creating a variety of standard system features, special modelling features, and run result output options. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex" title="complex">complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20resources" title=" water resources"> water resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning" title=" planning"> planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20effective" title=" cost effective"> cost effective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18597/optimising-the-reservoir-operation-using-water-resources-yield-and-planning-model-at-inanda-dam-umngeni-basin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8695</span> Technical Feasibility Analysis of PV Water Pumping System in Khuzestan Province-Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.Goodarzi">M.Goodarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.Mohammadi"> M.Mohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rezaee"> M. Rezaee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The technical analysis of using solar energy and electricity for water pumping in the Khuzestan province in Iran is investigated. For this purpose, the ecological conditions such as the weather data, air clearness and sunshine hours are analyzed. The nature of groundwater in the region was examined in terms of depth, static and dynamic head, water pumping rate.Three configurations for solar water pumping system were studied in this thesis; AC solar water pumping with storage battery, AC solar water pumping with storage tank and DC direct solar water pumping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20feasibility" title="technical feasibility">technical feasibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20systems" title=" photovoltaic systems"> photovoltaic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20water%20pumping%20system" title=" photovoltaic water pumping system"> photovoltaic water pumping system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18930/technical-feasibility-analysis-of-pv-water-pumping-system-in-khuzestan-province-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">631</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8694</span> Internet of Things based AquaSwach Water Purifier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karthiyayini%20J.">Karthiyayini J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpita%20Chowdary%20Vantipalli"> Arpita Chowdary Vantipalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darshana%20Sailu%20Tanti"> Darshana Sailu Tanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malvika%20Ravi%20Kudari"> Malvika Ravi Kudari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krtin%20Kannan"> Krtin Kannan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is propelled from the generally existing undertaking of the smart water quality management, which addresses an IoT (Internet of things) based brilliant water quality observing (SWQM) framework which we call it AquaSwach that guides in the ceaseless estimation of water conditions dependent on five actual boundaries i.e., temperature, pH, electric conductivity and turbidity properties and water virtue estimation each time you drink water. Six sensors relate to Arduino-Mega in a discrete way to detect the water parameters. Extracted data from the sensors are transmitted to a desktop application developed in the NET platform and compared with the WHO (World Health Organization) standard values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AquaSwach" title="AquaSwach">AquaSwach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WHO" title=" WHO"> WHO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144659/internet-of-things-based-aquaswach-water-purifier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8693</span> Interactions between Water-Stress and VA Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Plant Growth and Leaf-Water Potential in Tomato</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parisa%20Alizadeh%20Oskuie">Parisa Alizadeh Oskuie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahram%20Baghban%20Ciruse"> Shahram Baghban Ciruse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus(Glomus mossea) on plant growth and leaf-water potential of tomato (lycopersicum esculentum L.cv.super star) were studied in potted culture water stress stress period of 3 months in greenhouse conditions with the soil matric potential maintained at Fc1, Fc2, Fc3, and Fc4 respectively (0.8,0.7,0.6,0.5 Fc). Seven-day-old seedlings of tomato were transferred to pots containing Glomus mossea or non-AMF. AM colonization significantly stimulated shoot dry matter and leaf-water potential but water stress significantly decreased leaf area, shoot dry matter colonization and leaf-water potential. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf-water%20potential" title="leaf-water potential">leaf-water potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20growth" title=" plant growth"> plant growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title=" tomato"> tomato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VA%20mycorrhiza" title=" VA mycorrhiza"> VA mycorrhiza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-stress" title=" water-stress "> water-stress </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16478/interactions-between-water-stress-and-va-mycorrhizal-inoculation-on-plant-growth-and-leaf-water-potential-in-tomato" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16478.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8692</span> Water Demand Modelling Using Artificial Neural Network in Ramallah</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Massri">F. Massri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shkarneh"> M. Shkarneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Almassri"> B. Almassri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water scarcity and increasing water demand especially for residential use are major challenges facing Palestine. The need to accurately forecast water consumption is useful for the planning and management of this natural resource. The main objective of this paper is to (i) study the major factors influencing the water consumption in Palestine, (ii) understand the general pattern of Household water consumption, (iii) assess the possible changes in household water consumption and suggest appropriate remedies and (iv) develop prediction model based on the Artificial Neural Network to the water consumption in Palestinian cities. The paper is organized in four parts. The first part includes literature review of household water consumption studies. The second part concerns data collection methodology, conceptual frame work for the household water consumption surveys, survey descriptions and data processing methods. The third part presents descriptive statistics, multiple regression and analysis of the water consumption in the two Palestinian cities. The final part develops the use of Artificial Neural Network for modeling the water consumption in Palestinian cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20management" title="water management">water management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20forecasting" title=" demand forecasting"> demand forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumption" title=" consumption"> consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANN" title=" ANN"> ANN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramallah" title=" Ramallah"> Ramallah</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100250/water-demand-modelling-using-artificial-neural-network-in-ramallah" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8691</span> Tuning for a Small Engine with a Supercharger </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinji%20Kajiwara">Shinji Kajiwara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadamasa%20Fukuoka"> Tadamasa Fukuoka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The formula project of Kinki University has been involved in the student Formula SAE of Japan (JSAE) since the second year the competition was held. The vehicle developed in the project uses a ZX-6R engine, which has been manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries for the JSAE competition for the eighth time. The limited performance of the concept vehicle was improved through the development of a power train. The supercharger loading, engine dry sump, and engine cooling management of the vehicle were also enhanced. The supercharger loading enabled the vehicle to achieve a maximum output of 59.6 kW (80.6 PS)/9000 rpm and a maximum torque of 70.6 Nm (7.2 kgf m)/8000 rpm. We successfully achieved 90% of the engine’s torque band (4000–10000 rpm) with 50% of the revolutions in regular engine use (2000–12000 rpm). Using a dry sump system, we periodically managed hydraulic pressure during engine operation. A system that controls engine stoppage when hydraulic pressure falls was also constructed. Using the dry sump system at 80 mm reduced the required engine load and the vehicle’s center of gravity. Even when engine motion was suspended by the electromotive force exerted by the water pump, the circulation of cooling water was still possible. These findings enabled us to create a cooling system in accordance with the requirements of the competition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine" title="engine">engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title=" combustion"> combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20system" title=" cooling system"> cooling system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torque" title=" torque"> torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20super%20charger" title=" mechanical super charger"> mechanical super charger</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46766/tuning-for-a-small-engine-with-a-supercharger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8690</span> Imaging 255nm Tungsten Thin Film Adhesion with Picosecond Ultrasonics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbas">A. Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20Tridon"> X. Tridon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Michelon"> J. Michelon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the electronic or in the photovoltaic industries, components are made from wafers which are stacks of thin film layers of a few nanometers to serval micrometers thickness. Early evaluation of the bounding quality between different layers of a wafer is one of the challenges of these industries to avoid dysfunction of their final products. Traditional pump-probe experiments, which have been developed in the 70’s, give a partial solution to this problematic but with a non-negligible drawback. In fact, on one hand, these setups can generate and detect ultra-high ultrasounds frequencies which can be used to evaluate the adhesion quality of wafer layers. But, on the other hand, because of the quiet long acquisition time they need to perform one measurement, these setups remain shut in punctual measurement to evaluate global sample quality. This last point can lead to bad interpretation of the sample quality parameters, especially in the case of inhomogeneous samples. Asynchronous Optical Sampling (ASOPS) systems can perform sample characterization with picosecond acoustics up to 106 times faster than traditional pump-probe setups. This last point allows picosecond ultrasonic to unlock the acoustic imaging field at the nanometric scale to detect inhomogeneities regarding sample mechanical properties. This fact will be illustrated by presenting an image of the measured acoustical reflection coefficients obtained by mapping, with an ASOPS setup, a 255nm thin-film tungsten layer deposited on a silicone substrate. Interpretation of the coefficient reflection in terms of bounding quality adhesion will also be exposed. Origin of zones which exhibit good and bad quality bounding will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesion" title="adhesion">adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=picosecond%20ultrasonics" title=" picosecond ultrasonics"> picosecond ultrasonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pump-probe" title=" pump-probe"> pump-probe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83530/imaging-255nm-tungsten-thin-film-adhesion-with-picosecond-ultrasonics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8689</span> Surface Water Quality in Orchard Area, Amphawa District, Samut Songkram Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisuwan%20Kaseamsawat">Sisuwan Kaseamsawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sivapan%20Choo-In"> Sivapan Choo-In</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to evaluated the surface water quality for agriculture and consumption in the district. Surface water quality parameters in this study in cluding water temperature, turbidity, conductivity. salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD, nitrate, Suspended solids, phosphorus. Total dissolve solids, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, lead and cadmium. Water samples were collected from small excavation, Lychee, Pomelo, and Coconut orchard for 3 season during January to December 2011. The surface water quality from small excavation, Lychee, pomelo, and coconut orchard are meet the type III of surface water quality standard issued by the National Environmental Quality Act B. E. 1992. except the concentration of heavy metal. And did not differ significantly at 0.05 level, except dissolved oxygen. The water is suitable for consumption by the usual sterile and generally improving water quality through the process before. And is suitable for agriculture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title="water quality">water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20water%20quality" title=" surface water quality"> surface water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water "> water </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3886/surface-water-quality-in-orchard-area-amphawa-district-samut-songkram-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8688</span> Fibers Presence Effects on Air Flow of Attenuator of Spun-Bond Production System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Ghassembaglou">Nasser Ghassembaglou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Bolek"> Abdullah Bolek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oktay%20Yilmaz"> Oktay Yilmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ertan%20Oznergiz"> Ertan Oznergiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hikmet%20Kocabas"> Hikmet Kocabas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safak%20Yilmaz"> Safak Yilmaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High quality air filters production using nanofibers, as a functional material, has frequently been investigated. As it is more environmentally friendly, melting method has been selected to produce nanofibers. Spun-bond production systems consist of extruder, spin-pump, nozzle package and attenuators. Spin-pump makes molten polymer steady, which flows through extruder. Fibers are formed by regular melts passing through nuzzle holes under high pressure. Attenuator prolongs fibers to micron size to be collected on a conveyor. Different designs of attenuator systems have been studied in this research; new analysis have been done on existed designs considering fibers effect on air flow; it was comprehended that, at fibers presence, there is an air flow which agglomerates fibers as a negative effect. So some new representations have been designed and CFD analysis have been done on them. Afterwards, one of these representations selected as the most optimum and effective design which is brought in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attenuator" title="attenuator">attenuator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiber" title=" nanofiber"> nanofiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spun-bond" title=" spun-bond"> spun-bond</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35474/fibers-presence-effects-on-air-flow-of-attenuator-of-spun-bond-production-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8687</span> Effect of Demineralized Water Purity on the Corrosion Behavior of Steel Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20El-Aziz">A. M. El-Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Elsehamy"> M. Elsehamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hussein"> H. Hussein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steel or stainless steel have reasonable corrosion behavior in water, their corrosion resistance is significantly dependent on the water purity. It was not expected that demineralized water has an aggressive effect on steel alloys, in this study, the effect of water with different purity on steel X52 and stainless steel 316L was investigated. Weight loss and electrochemical measurements were employed to measure the corrosion behavior. Samples were microscopically investigated after test. It was observed that the higher the water purity the more reactive it is. Comparative analysis of the potentiodynamic curves for different water purity showed the aggressiveness of the demineralised water (conductivity of 0.05 microSiemens per cm) over the distilled water. Whereas, the corrosion rates of stainless steel 858 and 623 nm/y for demi and distilled water respectively. On the other hand, the corrosion rates of carbon steel x52 were estimated about 4.8 and 3.6 µm/y for demi and distilled water, respectively. Open circuit potential (OCP) recorded more positive potentials in case of stainless steel than carbon steel in different water purities. Generally, stainless steel illustrated high pitting resistance than carbon steel alloy, the surface film was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). This behavior was explained based on that demi and distilled water might be considered as ‘hungry water’ in which it wants to be in equilibrium and will pull ions out of the surrounding metals trying to satisfy its ‘hunger’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demineralized%20water" title=" demineralized water"> demineralized water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distilled%20water" title=" distilled water"> distilled water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20alloys" title=" steel alloys"> steel alloys</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50480/effect-of-demineralized-water-purity-on-the-corrosion-behavior-of-steel-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">814</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8686</span> Assessment of the Water Quality of the Nhue River in Vietnam and its Suitability for Irrigation Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thi%20Lan%20Huong%20Nguyen">Thi Lan Huong Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motohei%20Kanayama"> Motohei Kanayama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahiro%20Higashi"> Takahiro Higashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20Chinh%20Le"> Van Chinh Le</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thu%20Ha%20Doan"> Thu Ha Doan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anh%20Dao%20Chu"> Anh Dao Chu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Nhue River in Vietnam is the main source of irrigation water for suburban agricultural land and fish farm. Wastewater from the industrial plants located along these rivers has been discharged, which has degraded the water quality of the rivers. The present paper describes the chemical properties of water from the river focusing on heavy metal pollution and the suitability of water quality for irrigation. Water from the river was heavily polluted with heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Ni. Dissolved oxygen, COD, and total suspended solids, and the concentrations of all heavy metals exceeded the Vietnamese standard for surface water quality in all investigated sites. The concentrations of some heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Cr and Ni were over the internationally recommended WHO maximum limits for irrigation water. A wide variation in heavy metal concentration of water due to metal types is the result of wastewater discharged from different industrial sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stream%20water" title=" stream water"> stream water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title=" irrigation"> irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry" title=" industry"> industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3344/assessment-of-the-water-quality-of-the-nhue-river-in-vietnam-and-its-suitability-for-irrigation-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8685</span> Examining the Presence of Heterotrophic Aerobic Bacteria (HAB), and Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) in Some Types of Water from the City of Tripoli, Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulsalam.%20I.%20Rafida">Abdulsalam. I. Rafida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwa.%20F.%20Elalem"> Marwa. F. Elalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasna.%20E.%20Alemam"> Hasna. E. Alemam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed at testing the various types of water in some areas of the city of Tripoli, Libya for the presence of Heterotrophic Aerobic Bacteria (HAB), and anaerobic Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). The water samples under investigation included rainwater accumulating on the ground, sewage water (from the city sewage treatment station, sulphate water from natural therapy swimming sites), and sea water (i.e. sea water exposed to pollution by untreated sewage water, and unpolluted sea water from specific locations). A total of 20 samples have been collected distributed as follows: rain water (8 samples), sewage water (6 samples), and sea water (6 samples). An up-to-date method for estimation has been used featuring readymade solutions i.e. (BARTTM test for HAB and BARTTM test for SRB). However, with the exception of one rain water sample, the results have indicated that the target bacteria have been present in all samples. Regarding HAB bacteria the samples have shown a maximum average of 7.0 x 106 cfu/ml featuring sewage and rain water and a minimum average of 1.8 x 104 cuf/ml featuring unpolluted sea water collected from a specific location. As for SRB bacteria; a maximum average of 7.0 x 105 cfu/ml has been shown by sewage and rain water and a minimum average of 1.8 x 104 cfu/ml by sewage and sea water. The above results highlight the relationship between pollution and the presence of bacteria in water particularly water collected from specific locations, and also the presence of bacteria as the result of the use of water provided that a suitable environment exists for its growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterotrophic%20aerobic%20bacteria%20%28HAB%29" title="heterotrophic aerobic bacteria (HAB)">heterotrophic aerobic bacteria (HAB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulphate%20reducing%20bacteria%20%28SRB%29" title=" sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB)"> sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20sciences" title=" environmental sciences"> environmental sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19642/examining-the-presence-of-heterotrophic-aerobic-bacteria-hab-and-sulphate-reducing-bacteria-srb-in-some-types-of-water-from-the-city-of-tripoli-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8684</span> The Effect of Shading on Cooling Tower Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eitidal%20Albassam">Eitidal Albassam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cooling towers (CTs) in arid zone countries, used for heat rejection in water-cooled (WC) systems, consume a large quantity of water. Universally, water conservation is an issue because of the scarcity of fresh water and natural resources. Therefore, many studies have aimed to conserve fresh water and limit the water wasted. Nonetheless, all these methods are not related to improving the weather conditions around the entering air to CT. In Kuwait and other arid-zone countries, the dry bulb temperature (DBT) during the summer season is significantly greater than the incoming hot water temperature, and the air undergoes sensible cooling. This high DBT leads to extra heat transfer from air to water, demanding high water vaporization to achieve the required cooling of water. Thus, any reduction in ambient air temperature around the CT will minimize water consumption. This paper aims to discuss theoretically the effect of reducing the DBT around the cooling tower when considering the sun-shading barrier. The theoretical simulation model results show that if the DBT reduces by 2.8 °C approximately, the percentage of water evaporation savings in gallon per minute (GPM) starts from 6.48% when DBT reaches 51.67 °C till 9.80% for 37.78 °C. Moreover, the performance of the cooling tower will be improved when considering the appropriate shading barriers, which will not affect the existing wet-bulb temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry-bulb%20temperature" title="dry-bulb temperature">dry-bulb temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entering%20air" title=" entering air"> entering air</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20consumption" title=" water consumption"> water consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20vaporization" title=" water vaporization"> water vaporization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145541/the-effect-of-shading-on-cooling-tower-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8683</span> Evaluation of the Quality Water Irrigation in Region of Lioua (Biskra), Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Hiouani">F. Hiouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Henouda"> M. Henouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Masmoudi"> A. Masmoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rechachi"> M. Rechachi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of irrigation water of some underground water resources in the region of Lioua (Biskra, Algéria). Analysis of cations (Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+), anions (Cl-, SO4--, CO3--, HCO3-, NO3-), pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of ten water samples taken during March 2015. The resulted showed that water samples are designated salty and very salty. On the other hand, average SAR values show that there is no alkalinity risk of soil. According to Riverside diagram water samples are grouped into five classes (C3-S1, C4-S1, C4-S3, C5-S2 and C5-S3). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title="groundwater">groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title=" irrigation"> irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lioua%20biskra" title=" lioua biskra"> lioua biskra</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42913/evaluation-of-the-quality-water-irrigation-in-region-of-lioua-biskra-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8682</span> The Effect of Awareness-Raising on Household Water Consumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Morbidelli">R. Morbidelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Saltalippi"> C. Saltalippi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Flammini"> A. Flammini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Dari"> J. Dari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work analyses what effect systematic awareness-raising of the population on domestic water consumption produces. In a period where the availability of water is continually decreasing due to reduced rainfall, it is of paramount importance to raise awareness among the population. We conducted an experiment on a large sample of homes in urban areas of Central Italy. In the first phase, lasting three weeks, normal per capita, water consumption was quantified. Subsequently, instructions were given on how to save water during various uses in the household (showers, cleaning hands, use of water in toilets, watering small green areas, use of water in the kitchen, ...), and small visual messages were posted at water dispensers to remind users to behave properly. Finally, household consumption was assessed again for a further three weeks. This experiment made it possible to quantify the effect of the awareness-raising action on the reduction of water consumption without the use of any structural action (replacement of dispensers, improvement of the water system, ...). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20saving" title="water saving">water saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20areas" title=" urban areas"> urban areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness-raising" title=" awareness-raising"> awareness-raising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159061/the-effect-of-awareness-raising-on-household-water-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8681</span> Modeling of Hydraulic Networking of Water Supply Subsystem Case of Addis Ababa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Weldegebriel%20Gebrelibanos">Solomon Weldegebriel Gebrelibanos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water is one of the most important substances in human life that can give a human liberality with its cost and availability. Water comes from rainfall and runoff and reaches the ground as runoff that is stored in a river, ponds, and big water bodies, including sea and ocean and the remaining water portion is infiltrated into the ground to store in the aquifer. Water can serve human beings in various ways, including irrigation, water supply, hydropower and soon. Water supply is the main pillar of the water service to the human being. Water supply distribution in Addis Ababa arises from Legedadi, Akakai, and Gefersa. The objective of the study is to measure the performance of the water supply distribution in Addis Ababa city. The water supply distribution model is developed by computer-aided design software. The model can analyze the operational change, loss of water, and performance of the network. The two design criteria that have been employed to analyze the network system are velocity and pressure. The result shows that the customers are using the water at high pressure with low demand. The water distribution system is older than the expected service life with more leakage. Hence the study recommended that fixing Pressure valves and new distribution facilities can resolve the performance of the water supply system <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title="distribution">distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title=" pressure"> pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity" title=" velocity"> velocity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160112/modeling-of-hydraulic-networking-of-water-supply-subsystem-case-of-addis-ababa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8680</span> Application of WebGIS-Based Water Environment Capacity Inquiry and Planning System in Water Resources Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Ding">Tao Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danjia%20Yan"> Danjia Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinye%20Li"> Jinye Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Ren"> Chao Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinhua%20Hu"> Xinhua Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper based on the research background of the current situation of water shortage in China and intelligent management of water resources in the information era. And the paper adopts WebGIS technology, combining the mathematical model of water resources management to develop a WebGIS-based water environment capacity inquiry and polluted water emission planning. The research significance of the paper is that it can inquiry the water environment capacity of Jinhua City in real time and plan how to drain polluted water into the river, so as to realize the effective management of water resources. This system makes sewage planning more convenient and faster. For the planning of the discharge enterprise, the decision on the optimal location of the sewage outlet can be achieved through calculation of the Sewage discharge planning model in the river, without the need for site visits. The system can achieve effective management of water resources and has great application value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewerage%20planning" title="sewerage planning">sewerage planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20environment%20capacity" title=" water environment capacity"> water environment capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20resources%20management" title=" water resources management"> water resources management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WebGIS" title=" WebGIS"> WebGIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96905/application-of-webgis-based-water-environment-capacity-inquiry-and-planning-system-in-water-resources-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8679</span> Rural Households' Sources of Water and Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Services in South-West, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaba%20M.%20Dare">Alaba M. Dare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idris%20A.%20Ayinde"> Idris A. Ayinde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adebayo%20M.%20Shittu"> Adebayo M. Shittu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sam%20O.%20Sam-Wobo"> Sam O. Sam-Wobo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Households' source of water is one of the core development indicators recently gaining pre-eminence in Nigeria. This study examined rural households' sources of water, Willingness to Pay (WTP) and factors influencing mean WTP. A cross-sectional survey which involved the use of questionnaire was used. A dichotomous choice (DC) with follow up was used as elicitation method. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 437 rural households. Descriptive statistics and Tobit model were used for data estimation. The result revealed that about 70% fetched from unimproved water sources. Most (74.4%) respondents showed WTP for improved water sources. Age (p < 0.01), sex (p < 0.01), education (p < 0.01), occupation (p < 0.01), income (p < 0.01), price of water (P < 0.01), quantity of water (p < 0.01), household size (p < 0.01) and distance (p < 0.01) to existing water sources significantly influenced rural households' WTP for these services. The inference from this study showed that rural dweller sources of water is highly primitive and deplorable. Governments and stakeholders should prioritize the provision of rural water at an affordable price by rural dwellers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=households" title="households">households</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20of%20water" title=" source of water"> source of water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=willingness%20to%20pay%20%28WTP%29" title=" willingness to pay (WTP)"> willingness to pay (WTP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tobit%20model" title=" tobit model"> tobit model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35488/rural-households-sources-of-water-and-willingness-to-pay-for-improved-water-services-in-south-west-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8678</span> Evalutaion of the Surface Water Quality Using the Water Quality Index and Discriminant Analysis Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazhar%20Belkhiri">Lazhar Belkhiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Tiri"> Ammar Tiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lotfi%20Mouni"> Lotfi Mouni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water resources present to the public order of the world a very important problem for the protection and management of water quality given the complexity of water quality data sets. In this study, the water quality index (WQI) and irrigation water quality index (IWQI) were calculated in order to evaluate the surface water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes based on nine hydrochemical parameters. In order to separate the variables that are the most responsible for the spatial differentiation, the discriminant analysis (DA) was applied. The results show that the surface water quality for drinking is poor quality and very poor quality based on WQI values, however, the values of IWQI reflect that this water is acceptable for irrigation with a restriction for sensitive plants. Consequently, the discriminant analysis DA method has shown that the following parameters pH, potassium, chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate are significant discrimination between the different stations with the spatial variation of the surface water quality, therefore, the results obtained in this study provide very useful information to decision-makers <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20water%20quality" title="surface water quality">surface water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20and%20irrigation%20purposes" title=" drinking and irrigation purposes"> drinking and irrigation purposes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality%20index" title=" water quality index"> water quality index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discriminant%20analysis" title=" discriminant analysis"> discriminant analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176146/evalutaion-of-the-surface-water-quality-using-the-water-quality-index-and-discriminant-analysis-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8677</span> Numerical Predictions of Trajectory Stability of a High-Speed Water-Entry and Water-Exit Projectile </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Lu">Lin Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Li"> Qiang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Cai"> Tao Cai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pengjun%20Zhang"> Pengjun Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a detailed analysis of trajectory stability and flow characteristics of a high-speed projectile during the water-entry and water-exit process has been investigated numerically. The Zwart-Gerber-Belamri (Z-G-B) cavitation model and the SST k-ω turbulence model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method are employed. The numerical methodology is validated by comparing the experimental photograph of cavitation shape and the experimental underwater velocity with the numerical simulation results. Based on the numerical methodology, the influences of rotational speed, water-entry and water-exit angle of the projectile on the trajectory stability and flow characteristics have been carried out in detail. The variation features of projectile trajectory and total resistance have been conducted, respectively. In addition, the cavitation characteristics of water-entry and water-exit have been presented and analyzed. Results show that it may not be applicable for the water-entry and water-exit to achieve the projectile stability through the rotation of projectile. Furthermore, there ought to be a critical water-entry angle for the water-entry stability of practical projectile. The impact of water-exit angle on the trajectory stability and cavity phenomenon is not as remarkable as that of the water-entry angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation%20characteristics" title="cavitation characteristics">cavitation characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed%20projectile" title=" high-speed projectile"> high-speed projectile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20predictions" title=" numerical predictions"> numerical predictions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trajectory%20stability" title=" trajectory stability"> trajectory stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-entry" title=" water-entry"> water-entry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-exit" title=" water-exit"> water-exit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119865/numerical-predictions-of-trajectory-stability-of-a-high-speed-water-entry-and-water-exit-projectile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8676</span> An Investigation of Surface Water Quality in an Industrial Area Using Integrated Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priti%20Saha">Priti Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biswajit%20Paul"> Biswajit Paul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid urbanization and industrialization has increased the pollution load in surface water bodies. However, these water bodies are major source of water for drinking, irrigation, industrial activities and fishery. Therefore, water quality assessment is paramount importance to evaluate its suitability for all these purposes. This study focus to evaluate the surface water quality of an industrial city in eastern India through integrating interdisciplinary techniques. The multi-purpose Water Quality Index (WQI) assess the suitability for drinking, irrigation as well as fishery of forty-eight sampling locations, where 8.33% have excellent water quality (WQI:0-25) for fishery and 10.42%, 20.83% and 45.83% have good quality (WQI:25-50), which represents its suitability for drinking irrigation and fishery respectively. However, the industrial water quality was assessed through Ryznar Stability Index (LSI), which affirmed that only 6.25% of sampling locations have neither corrosive nor scale forming properties (RSI: 6.2-6.8). Integration of these statistical analysis with geographical information system (GIS) helps in spatial assessment. It identifies of the regions where the water quality is suitable for its use in drinking, irrigation, fishery as well as industrial activities. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of statistical and GIS techniques for water quality assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20water" title="surface water">surface water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality%20assessment" title=" water quality assessment"> water quality assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality%20index" title=" water quality index"> water quality index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20assessment" title=" spatial assessment"> spatial assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103597/an-investigation-of-surface-water-quality-in-an-industrial-area-using-integrated-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8675</span> Comparison between Hardy-Cross Method and Water Software to Solve a Pipe Networking Design Problem for a Small Town</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Emad%20Ahmed">Ahmed Emad Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeyad%20Ahmed%20Hussein"> Zeyad Ahmed Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Salama%20Afifi"> Mohamed Salama Afifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mohammed%20Eid"> Ahmed Mohammed Eid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water has a great importance in life. In order to deliver water from resources to the users, many procedures should be taken by the water engineers. One of the main procedures to deliver water to the community is by designing pressurizer pipe networks for water. The main aim of this work is to calculate the water demand of a small town and then design a simple water network to distribute water resources among the town with the smallest losses. Literature has been mentioned to cover the main point related to water distribution. Moreover, the methodology has introduced two approaches to solve the research problem, one by the iterative method of Hardy-cross and the other by water software Pipe Flow. The results have introduced two main designs to satisfy the same research requirements. Finally, the researchers have concluded that the use of water software provides more abilities and options for water engineers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=looping%20pipe%20networks" title="looping pipe networks">looping pipe networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardy%20cross%20networks%20accuracy" title=" hardy cross networks accuracy"> hardy cross networks accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20error%20of%20hardy%20cross%20method" title=" relative error of hardy cross method"> relative error of hardy cross method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156922/comparison-between-hardy-cross-method-and-water-software-to-solve-a-pipe-networking-design-problem-for-a-small-town" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8674</span> Challenges of Domestic Water Security for Sustainable Development in North Central Belt of Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Ibbi%20Ibrahim">Samuel Ibbi Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaiah%20Ndalassan%20Ibrahim"> Isaiah Ndalassan Ibrahim </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accessibility and availability of good quality water have become a major concern among different users. This paper examines the caustic importance of water security in relation to people’s desire for survival. It observed the democratic ideology of national policy on domestic water supply and demand and its implementation for national and societal development. It used analogy on equilibrium approach to ascertain the household water security. In most communities, it is glaring that several public water management in operation for several years are hardly performing efficiently to reach equilibrium demand. Moreover most settlements being rural or urban lack effective public water system that could ensure regular supplies to the population. The terrain and gradual declining of efficient rainfall northward poses great challenge to the region in managing water supply and demand adequately. This study itemized the need for the government to get clear strategy for a sustainable development on better water efficiency. Partnership in providing workable policy on water security is considered apparently important. It is also suggested that water plant treatment should be established in every medium-sized towns in the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good%20quality%20of%20water" title="good quality of water">good quality of water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20accessibility" title=" water accessibility"> water accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20availability" title=" water availability"> water availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20sustainable" title=" water sustainable "> water sustainable </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36333/challenges-of-domestic-water-security-for-sustainable-development-in-north-central-belt-of-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8673</span> Evaluation of Water Efficiency in Farming: Empirical Evidence from a Semi-Arid Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Piedra-Munoz">Laura Piedra-Munoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angeles%20Godoy-Duran"> Angeles Godoy-Duran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emilio%20Galdeano-Gomez"> Emilio Galdeano-Gomez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20C.%20Perez-Mesa"> Juan C. Perez-Mesa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spain is very sensitive to water management issues due to its climatic characteristics and the deficit of this resource in many areas of its territory. This study examines the characteristics of the family farms that are more efficient in the use of water, focusing on a semi-arid area located in Almeria, southeast of Spain. In the case of irrigated agriculture, water usage efficiency usually indicates water productivity in terms of yield (kg/m³), or in economic terms (euros/m³). These two water usage indicators were considered to analyse water usage efficiency according to other studies on water efficiency in the horticultural area under analysis. This work also takes into account other water usage characteristics such as water supplied, innovative irrigation practices, water-efficient technology, and water-saving practices. The results show that the most water efficient farms have technical advisors and use irrigation on demand, that measures the water needs of the crops and are considered the most technological irrigation system. These farms are more technological and less labor intensive. They are also aware of water scarcity and the need to conserve the environment. This approach allow managers to identify the principal factors and best practices related to water efficiency in order to promote and implement them in inefficient farms and promote sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20analysis" title="cluster analysis">cluster analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20farms" title=" family farms"> family farms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spain" title=" Spain"> Spain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-use%20efficiency" title=" water-use efficiency"> water-use efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80693/evaluation-of-water-efficiency-in-farming-empirical-evidence-from-a-semi-arid-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8672</span> New York’s Heat Pump Mandate: Doubling Annual Heating Costs to Achieve a 13% Reduction in New York’s CO₂ Gas Emissions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Burdick">William Burdick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Manmade climate change is an existential threat that must be mitigated at the earliest opportunity. The role of government in climate change mitigation is enacting and enforcing law and policy to affect substantial reductions in greenhouse gasses, in the short and long term, without substantial increases in the cost of energy. To be optimally effective those laws and policies must be established and enforced based on peer reviewed evidence and scientific facts and result in substantial outcomes in years, not decades. Over the next fifty years, New York’s 2019 Climate Change and Community Protection Act and 2021 All Electric Building Act that mandate replacing natural gas heating systems with heat pumps will, immediately double annual heating costs and by 2075, yield less than 16.2% reduction in CO₂ emissions from heating systems in new housing units, less than a 13% reduction in total CO₂ emissions, and affect a $40B in cumulative additional heating cost, compared to natural gas fueled heating systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mandate" title=" mandate"> mandate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20pump" title=" heat pump"> heat pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title=" natural gas"> natural gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176297/new-yorks-heat-pump-mandate-doubling-annual-heating-costs-to-achieve-a-13-reduction-in-new-yorks-co2-gas-emissions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8671</span> Evaluation of Water Quality of the Surface Water of the Damietta Nile Branch, Damietta Governorate, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20M.%20El-Bady">M. S. M. El-Bady</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water quality and heavy metals pollution of the Damietta Nile Branch at Damietta governorate were investigated in the current work. Fourteen different sampling points were selected along the Damietta Nile branch from Ras EL-Bar (sample 1) to Sheremsah (sample 14). Physical and chemical parameters and the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Fe, Al, Hg, Pb and Zn were investigated for water quality assessment of Damietta Nile Branch at Damietta Governorate. Most of the samples show that the water is suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. All locations of samples near the sea are unsuitable water but the samples in the south direction away from the sea are suitable or good water for drinking and irrigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality%20indices" title="water quality indices">water quality indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damietta%20Governorate" title=" Damietta Governorate"> Damietta Governorate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nile%20river" title=" Nile river"> Nile river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48042/evaluation-of-water-quality-of-the-surface-water-of-the-damietta-nile-branch-damietta-governorate-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV-operated%20water%20pump&page=7" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV-operated%20water%20pump&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV-operated%20water%20pump&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV-operated%20water%20pump&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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