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<span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Overview subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Issuing_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issuing_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Issuing process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issuing_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Registration_group_element" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Registration_group_element"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Registration group element</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Registration_group_element-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Registrant_element" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Registrant_element"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Registrant element</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Registrant_element-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English-language_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English-language_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>English-language pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-language_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Check_digits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Check_digits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Check digits</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Check_digits-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Check digits subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Check_digits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ISBN-10_check_digits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISBN-10_check_digits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>ISBN-10 check digits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISBN-10_check_digits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISBN-10_check_digit_calculation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISBN-10_check_digit_calculation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>ISBN-10 check digit calculation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISBN-10_check_digit_calculation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISBN-13_check_digit_calculation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISBN-13_check_digit_calculation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>ISBN-13 check digit calculation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISBN-13_check_digit_calculation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISBN-10_to_ISBN-13_conversion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISBN-10_to_ISBN-13_conversion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>ISBN-10 to ISBN-13 conversion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISBN-10_to_ISBN-13_conversion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Errors_in_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Errors_in_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Errors in usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Errors_in_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-eISBN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#eISBN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>eISBN</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-eISBN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EAN_format_used_in_barcodes,_and_upgrading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EAN_format_used_in_barcodes,_and_upgrading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>EAN format used in barcodes, and upgrading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EAN_format_used_in_barcodes,_and_upgrading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ISBN</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 148 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-148" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">148 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Standardbuchnummer" title="Internationale Standardbuchnummer – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Internationale Standardbuchnummer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%93%E1%88%88%E1%88%9D-%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%80%E1%8D%8D_%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%A0%E1%8A%9B_%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%98%E1%8C%BD%E1%88%90%E1%8D%8D_%E1%89%81%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%AD" title="ዓለም-አቀፍ መደበኛ የመጽሐፍ ቁጥር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዓለም-አቀፍ መደበኛ የመጽሐፍ ቁጥር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8" title="النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%AB_%D4%B9%D5%AB%D6%82" title="Գիրքի Միջազգային Չափանիշի Թիւ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գիրքի Միջազգային Չափանիշի Թիւ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="আন্তৰ্জাতিক মান গ্ৰন্থ সংখ্যা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আন্তৰ্জাতিক মান গ্ৰন্থ সংখ্যা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="میلتلرآراسی ایستاندارد کیتاب نومره‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="میلتلرآراسی ایستاندارد کیتاب نومره‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="আন্তর্জাতিক মান পুস্তক সংখ্যা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আন্তর্জাতিক মান পুস্তক সংখ্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Халыҡ-ара стандарт китап номеры – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Халыҡ-ара стандарт китап номеры" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Міжнародны стандартны кніжны нумар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міжнародны стандартны кніжны нумар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Міжнародны стандартны кніжны нумар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міжнародны стандартны кніжны нумар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" title="आईएसबीएन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आईएसबीएन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Международен стандартен номер на книга – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Международен стандартен номер на книга" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhif_Llyfr_Safonol_Rhyngwladol" title="Rhif Llyfr Safonol Rhyngwladol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhif Llyfr Safonol Rhyngwladol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Internationalt Standardbognummer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="الرقم الدولي المعياري ديال الكتاب – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الرقم الدولي المعياري ديال الكتاب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Standardbuchnummer" title="Internationale Standardbuchnummer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internationale Standardbuchnummer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%AD%DE%9D%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0_%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%93%DE%AD%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%91%DE%B0_%DE%8A%DE%AE%DE%8C%DE%B0_%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA" title="އިންޓަނޭޝަނަލް ސްޓޭންޑަރޑް ފޮތް ނަންބަރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިންޓަނޭޝަނަލް ސްޓޭންޑަރޑް ފޮތް ނަންބަރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_raamatu_standardnumber" title="Rahvusvaheline raamatu standardnumber – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rahvusvaheline raamatu standardnumber" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Διεθνής πρότυπος αριθμός βιβλίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεθνής πρότυπος αριθμός βιβλίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="شماره استاندارد بین‌المللی کتاب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شماره استاندارد بین‌المللی کتاب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabharuimhir_Chaighde%C3%A1nach_Idirn%C3%A1isi%C3%BAnta" title="Leabharuimhir Chaighdeánach Idirnáisiúnta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leabharuimhir Chaighdeánach Idirnáisiúnta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%B2_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1_%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B0" title="ઇન્ટરનેશનલ સ્ટાન્ડર્ડ બુક નંબર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઇન્ટરનેશનલ સ્ટાન્ડર્ડ બુક નંબર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" title="국제표준도서번호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국제표준도서번호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Գրքի միջազգային ստանդարտ համար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրքի միջազգային ստանդարտ համար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मानक पुस्तक संख्या – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मानक पुस्तक संख्या" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_knji%C5%BEni_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni knjižni broj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Međunarodni standardni knjižni broj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91" title="מסת"ב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסת"ב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%96%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86" title="ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ದರ್ಜೆಯ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ದರ್ಜೆಯ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="წიგნის საერთაშორისო სტანდარტული ნომერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წიგნის საერთაშორისო სტანდარტული ნომერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D9%B2%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="بَین الاقوٲمی معیار کِتاب نَمبَر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بَین الاقوٲمی معیار کِتاب نَمبَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namba_sanifu_ya_kimataifa_ya_vitabu" title="Namba sanifu ya kimataifa ya vitabu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Namba sanifu ya kimataifa ya vitabu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B6%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A1" title="ເລກມາຕະຖານສາກົນປະຈຳປຶ້ມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເລກມາຕະຖານສາກົນປະຈຳປຶ້ມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerus_librarius_uniformis_inter_gentes" title="Numerus librarius uniformis inter gentes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Numerus librarius uniformis inter gentes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" title="आइएसबिएन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="आइएसबिएन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC" title="ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ സ്റ്റാൻഡേർഡ് ബുക്ക് നമ്പർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ സ്റ്റാൻഡേർഡ് ബുക്ക് നമ്പർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="आंतरराष्ट्रीय प्रमाणित पुस्तक क्रमांक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आंतरराष्ट्रीय प्रमाणित पुस्तक क्रमांक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="رقم دولى معيارى للكتاب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رقم دولى معيارى للكتاب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%DA%A9" title="شابک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شابک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%B3k-ci%C3%A9_bi%C4%95u-c%C5%ABng_c%E1%B9%B3%CC%86-h%C3%B4%CC%A4" title="Guók-cié biĕu-cūng cṳ̆-hô̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Guók-cié biĕu-cūng cṳ̆-hô̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier) – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="ISBN (identifier)" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaal_Standaard_Boeknummer" title="Internationaal Standaard Boeknummer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internationaal Standaard Boeknummer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" title="आइएसबिएन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आइएसबिएन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%95_%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0" title="ଇଣ୍ଟରନ୍ୟାସନାଲ ଷ୍ଟାଣ୍ଡାର୍ଡ଼ ବୁକ ନମ୍ବର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଣ୍ଟରନ୍ୟାସନାଲ ଷ୍ଟାଣ୍ଡାର୍ଡ଼ ବୁକ ନମ୍ବର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0" title="ਇੰਟਰਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਸਟੈਂਡਰਡ ਬੁੱਕ ਨੰਬਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇੰਟਰਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਸਟੈਂਡਰਡ ਬੁੱਕ ਨੰਬਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="بین الاقوامی معیاری کتاب نمبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بین الاقوامی معیاری کتاب نمبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier) – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ISBN (identifier)" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87" title="د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د کتاب نړيواله کره شمېره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7" title="លេខសៀវភៅស្តង់ដារអន្តរជាតិ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="លេខសៀវភៅស្តង់ដារអន្តរជាតិ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_znormalizowany_numer_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki" title="Międzynarodowy znormalizowany numer książki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzynarodowy znormalizowany numer książki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Международный стандартный книжный номер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Международный стандартный книжный номер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अन्ताराष्ट्रियमानकपुस्तकसङ्ख्या – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अन्ताराष्ट्रियमानकपुस्तकसङ्ख्या" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA" title="ජාත්‍යන්තර සම්මත පොත් අංකය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජාත්‍යන්තර සම්මත පොත් අංකය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%DA%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="عالمي معياري ڪتاب نمبر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عالمي معياري ڪتاب نمبر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%A9_%C5%A1tandardn%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo_knihy" title="Medzinárodné štandardné číslo knihy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Medzinárodné štandardné číslo knihy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mednarodna_standardna_knji%C5%BEna_%C5%A1tevilka" title="Mednarodna standardna knjižna številka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mednarodna standardna knjižna številka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8E%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8E%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%A8" title="ژمارەی پێوانەییی نێونەتەوەییی کتێب – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژمارەی پێوانەییی نێونەتەوەییی کتێب" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomer_Buku_Standar_Internasional" title="Nomer Buku Standar Internasional – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nomer Buku Standar Internasional" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaigdigang_Pamantayang_Bilang_ng_Aklat" title="Pandaigdigang Pamantayang Bilang ng Aklat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pandaigdigang Pamantayang Bilang ng Aklat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D" title="பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="International Standard Book Number" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%90%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఐఎస్‌బిఎన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఐఎస్‌బిఎన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introdusaun_Mikrotik" title="Introdusaun Mikrotik – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Introdusaun Mikrotik" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="เลขมาตรฐานสากลประจำหนังสือ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลขมาตรฐานสากลประจำหนังสือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Стандарти байналмилалии рақамгузории китоб – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Стандарти байналмилалии рақамгузории китоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF" title="بین الاقوامی معیاری کتابی عدد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بین الاقوامی معیاری کتابی عدد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="国际标准书号" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="ISBN" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%9B%B8%E8%99%9F" title="國際標準書號 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="國際標準書號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="国际标准书号" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier) – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="ISBN (identifier)" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-ISBN" title="I-ISBN – South Ndebele" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="I-ISBN" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="South Ndebele" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9F%E2%B5%9F%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%96%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99" title="ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unique numeric book identifier since 1970</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">For the use of ISBNs on Wikipedia, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ISBN" title="Wikipedia:ISBN">Wikipedia:ISBN</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">International Standard Book Number</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:EAN-13-ISBN-13.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="{{{image_alt}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/EAN-13-ISBN-13.svg/200px-EAN-13-ISBN-13.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/EAN-13-ISBN-13.svg/300px-EAN-13-ISBN-13.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/EAN-13-ISBN-13.svg/400px-EAN-13-ISBN-13.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="124" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an <a href="/wiki/International_Article_Number" title="International Article Number">EAN-13 bar code</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Acronym</th><td class="infobox-data">ISBN</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Organisation</th><td class="infobox-data">International ISBN Agency</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">1970<span class="noprint">; 54 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1970</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-history_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of digits</th><td class="infobox-data">13 (formerly 10)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Check_digit" title="Check digit">Check digit</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Weighted sum</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Example</th><td class="infobox-data">978-3-16-148410-0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isbn-international.org/">isbn-international<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>International Standard Book Number</b> (<b>ISBN</b>) is a numeric commercial <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">book</a> <a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">identifier</a> that is intended to be unique.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Publishers purchase or receive ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A different ISBN is assigned to each separate edition and variation of a publication, but not to a simple reprinting of an existing item. For example, an <a href="/wiki/E-book" class="mw-redirect" title="E-book">e-book</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">hardcover</a> edition of the same <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">book</a> must each have a different ISBN, but an unchanged reprint of the hardcover edition keeps the same ISBN. The ISBN is ten digits long if assigned before 2007, and thirteen digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-conversion_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conversion-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The method of assigning an ISBN is nation-specific and varies between countries, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. </p><p>The first version of the ISBN identification format was devised in 1967, based upon the 9-digit <b>Standard Book Numbering</b> (<b>SBN</b>) created in 1966. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO) and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO 2108 (any 9-digit SBN can be converted to a 10-digit ISBN by prefixing it with a zero). </p><p>Privately published books sometimes appear without an ISBN. The International ISBN Agency sometimes assigns ISBNs to such books on its own initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A separate identifier code of a similar kind, the <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">International Standard Serial Number</a> (ISSN), identifies periodical publications such as <a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">magazines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspapers</a>. The <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">International Standard Music Number</a> (ISMN) covers <a href="/wiki/Sheet_music" title="Sheet music">musical scores</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History"><span class="anchor" id="SBN"></span>History</h2></div> <p>The Standard Book Number (SBN) is a commercial system using nine-digit <a href="/wiki/Code" title="Code">code</a> numbers to identify books. In 1965, British bookseller and stationers <a href="/wiki/WHSmith" title="WHSmith">WHSmith</a> announced plans to implement a standard numbering system for its books.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They hired consultants to work on their behalf, and the system was devised by <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Foster" title="Gordon Foster">Gordon Foster</a>, emeritus professor of statistics at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-From_Archive.org-4646971_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_Archive.org-4646971-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO) Technical Committee on Documentation sought to adapt the British SBN for international use. The ISBN identification format was conceived in 1967 in the United Kingdom by <a href="/wiki/David_Whitaker_(publisher)" title="David Whitaker (publisher)">David Whitaker</a><sup id="cite_ref-ktieb_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ktieb-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (regarded as the "Father of the ISBN")<sup id="cite_ref-niso.org_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niso.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1968 in the United States by Emery Koltay<sup id="cite_ref-ktieb_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ktieb-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (who later became director of the U.S. ISBN agency <a href="/wiki/R._R._Bowker" title="R. R. Bowker">R. R. Bowker</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-niso.org_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niso.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the ISO and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO 2108.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ktieb_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ktieb-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United Kingdom continued to use the nine-digit SBN code until 1974. ISO has appointed the International ISBN Agency as the <a href="/wiki/Registration_authority" title="Registration authority">registration authority</a> for ISBN worldwide and the ISBN Standard is developed under the control of ISO Technical Committee 46/Subcommittee 9 <a href="/wiki/TC_46/SC_9" class="mw-redirect" title="TC 46/SC 9">TC 46/SC 9</a>. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Total_Number_of_Registration_ISBN_2020.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Total_Number_of_Registration_ISBN_2020.png/220px-Total_Number_of_Registration_ISBN_2020.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Total_Number_of_Registration_ISBN_2020.png/330px-Total_Number_of_Registration_ISBN_2020.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Total_Number_of_Registration_ISBN_2020.png/440px-Total_Number_of_Registration_ISBN_2020.png 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption>Total number of ISBN registrations. 2020.</figcaption></figure> <p>An SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit "0". For example, the second edition of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guv%27nor_and_Other_Short_Stories" title="The Guv'nor and Other Short Stories">Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns</a></i>, published by Hodder in 1965, has <span class="nowrap">"SBN 340 01381 8"</span>, where "340" indicates the <a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">publisher</a>, "01381" is the serial number assigned by the publisher, and "8" is the <a href="/wiki/Check_digit" title="Check digit">check digit</a>. By prefixing a zero, this can be converted to <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-01381-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-01381-8">0-340-01381-8</a>; the check digit does not need to be re-calculated. Some publishers, such as <a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Books" title="Ballantine Books">Ballantine Books</a>, would sometimes use 12-digit SBNs where the last three digits indicated the price of the book;<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example, <i>Woodstock Handmade Houses</i> had a 12-digit Standard Book Number of 345-24223-8-595 (valid SBN: 345-24223-8, ISBN: 0-345-24223-8),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it cost <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$5.95</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained thirteen digits, a format that is compatible with "<a href="/wiki/Bookland" title="Bookland">Bookland</a>" <a href="/wiki/European_Article_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="European Article Number">European Article Numbers</a>, which have 13 digits.<sup id="cite_ref-LAC_FAQ_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAC_FAQ-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2016, ISBNs have also been used to identify <a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">mobile games</a> by China's <a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Press_and_Publication" title="General Administration of Press and Publication">Administration of Press and Publication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, with 3.9 million registered ISBNs in 2020, was by far the biggest user of the ISBN identifier in 2020, followed by the <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">Republic of Korea</a> (329,582), <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (284,000), <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (263,066), the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> (188,553) and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (144,793). Lifetime ISBNs registered in the United States are over 39 million as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div> <p>A separate ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation (except reprintings) of a publication. For example, an ebook, <a href="/wiki/Audiobook" title="Audiobook">audiobook</a>, paperback, and hardcover edition of the same book must each have a different ISBN assigned to it.<sup id="cite_ref-7th_edition_Users'_Manual_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7th_edition_Users'_Manual-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 12">: 12 </span></sup> The ISBN is thirteen digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, and ten digits long if assigned before 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-conversion_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conversion-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LAC_FAQ_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAC_FAQ-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An International Standard Book Number consists of four parts (if it is a 10-digit ISBN) or five parts (for a 13-digit ISBN). </p><p>Section 5 of the International ISBN Agency's official user manual<sup id="cite_ref-7th_edition_Users'_Manual_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7th_edition_Users'_Manual-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11">: 11 </span></sup> describes the structure of the 13-digit ISBN, as follows: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISBN_Details.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/ISBN_Details.svg/220px-ISBN_Details.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/ISBN_Details.svg/330px-ISBN_Details.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/ISBN_Details.svg/440px-ISBN_Details.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>The parts of a 10-digit ISBN and the corresponding EAN‑13 and barcode. Note the different check digits in each. The part of the EAN‑13 labeled "EAN" is the <a href="/wiki/Bookland" title="Bookland">Bookland</a> country code.</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>for a 13-digit ISBN, a prefix element – a <i><a href="/wiki/GS1" title="GS1">GS1</a> prefix</i>: so far 978 or 979 have been made available by GS1,</li> <li>the <i>registration group element</i> (language-sharing country group, individual country or territory),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <i>registrant</i> element,</li> <li>the <i>publication element</i>, and</li> <li>a <i><a href="/wiki/Checksum" title="Checksum">checksum</a> character</i> or <a href="/wiki/Check_digit" title="Check digit">check digit</a>.</li></ol> <p>A 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts (<i>prefix element</i>, <i>registration group</i>, <i>registrant</i>, <i>publication</i> and <i>check digit</i>), and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with <a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphens</a> or spaces. Separating the parts (<i>registration group</i>, <i>registrant</i>, <i>publication</i> and <i>check digit</i>) of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces. Figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Issuing_process">Issuing process <span class="anchor" id="How_ISBNs_are_issued"></span></h3></div> <p>ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for that country or territory regardless of the publication language. The ranges of ISBNs assigned to any particular country are based on the publishing profile of the country concerned, and so the ranges will vary depending on the number of books and the number, type, and size of publishers that are active. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture and thus may receive direct funding from the government to support their services. In other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A full directory of ISBN agencies is available on the International ISBN Agency website.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A list for a few countries is given below: </p> <ul><li>Australia – Thorpe-Bowker<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Brazil – The <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Brazil" title="National Library of Brazil">National Library of Brazil</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-ISBN_BR_OLD_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISBN_BR_OLD-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Up to 28 February 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-isbn-international.org_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn-international.org-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Brazil – Câmara Brasileira do Livro<sup id="cite_ref-ISBN_BR_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISBN_BR-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (From 1 March 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-isbn-international.org_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn-international.org-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Canada – English <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a>, a government agency; French <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_et_Archives_nationales_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec">Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec</a></span></span>;</li> <li>Colombia – Cámara Colombiana del Libro, an NGO</li> <li>Hong Kong – Books Registration Office (BRO), under the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Public_Libraries" title="Hong Kong Public Libraries">Hong Kong Public Libraries</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Iceland – Landsbókasafn (<a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_of_Iceland" title="National and University Library of Iceland">National and University Library of Iceland</a>)</li> <li>India – The <a href="/wiki/Raja_Rammohun_Roy_National_Agency_for_ISBN" title="Raja Rammohun Roy National Agency for ISBN">Raja Rammohun Roy National Agency for ISBN</a> (Book Promotion and Copyright Division), under Department of Higher Education, a constituent of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resource_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Human Resource Development">Ministry of Human Resource Development</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Israel – The Israel Center for Libraries<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Italy – <i>EDISER srl</i>, owned by <i>Associazione Italiana Editori</i> (Italian Publishers Association)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ediser-tariffs_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ediser-tariffs-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kenya – <a href="/wiki/National_Library_Service_of_Kenya" title="National Library Service of Kenya">National Library of Kenya</a></li> <li>Latvia - <a href="/wiki/Latvian_ISBN_Agency" title="Latvian ISBN Agency">Latvian ISBN Agency</a></li> <li>Lebanon – <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_ISBN_Agency" title="Lebanese ISBN Agency">Lebanese ISBN Agency</a></li> <li>Maldives – The <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Classification_(NBC)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bureau of Classification (NBC)">National Bureau of Classification (NBC)</a></li> <li>Malta – The <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Council" title="National Book Council">National Book Council</a> (Maltese: <i lang="mt">Il-Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ktieb</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Morocco – The National Library of Morocco</li> <li>New Zealand – The <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_New_Zealand" title="National Library of New Zealand">National Library of New Zealand</a><sup id="cite_ref-NLNZ_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLNZ-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nigeria – <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Nigeria" title="National Library of Nigeria">National Library of Nigeria</a></li> <li>Pakistan – <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Pakistan" title="National Library of Pakistan">National Library of Pakistan</a></li> <li>Philippines – <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Philippines" title="National Library of the Philippines">National Library of the Philippines</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>South Africa – <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_South_Africa" title="National Library of South Africa">National Library of South Africa</a></li> <li>Spain – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agenciaisbn.es/">Spanish ISBN Agency – Agencia del ISBN</a></li> <li>Turkey – General Directorate of Libraries and Publications, a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)">Ministry of Culture</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland – <i>Nielsen Book Services Ltd</i>, part of <a href="/wiki/NielsenIQ" title="NielsenIQ">NIQ</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>United States – <a href="/wiki/R._R._Bowker" title="R. R. Bowker">R. R. Bowker</a><sup id="cite_ref-ktieb_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ktieb-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Registration_group_element">Registration group element</h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Registration_Group_identifier"></span> <span class="anchor" id="ISBN_format"></span> The ISBN <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISBN_identifier_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ISBN identifier groups">registration group element</a> is a 1-to-5-digit number that is valid within a single prefix element (i.e. one of 978 or 979),<sup id="cite_ref-7th_edition_Users'_Manual_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7th_edition_Users'_Manual-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11">: 11 </span></sup> and can be separated between hyphens, such as <span class="nowrap">"978-1-..."</span>. Registration groups have primarily been allocated within the 978 prefix element.<sup id="cite_ref-ISBN_Ranges_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISBN_Ranges-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The single-digit registration groups within the 978-prefix element are: 0 or 1 for English-speaking countries; 2 for French-speaking countries; 3 for German-speaking countries; 4 for Japan; 5 for Russian-speaking countries; and 7 for People's Republic of China. Example 5-digit registration groups are 99936 and 99980, for Bhutan. The allocated registration groups are: 0–5, 600–631, 65, 7, 80–94, 950–989, 9910–9989, and 99901–99993.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Books published in rare languages typically have longer group elements.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the 979 prefix element, the registration group 0 is reserved for compatibility with <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">International Standard Music Numbers</a> (ISMNs), but such material is not actually assigned an ISBN.<sup id="cite_ref-6th_edition_Users'_Manual_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6th_edition_Users'_Manual-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The registration groups within prefix element 979 that have been assigned are 8 for the United States of America, 10 for France, 11 for the Republic of Korea, and 12 for Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-C4WDefault-5691881_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C4WDefault-5691881-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original 9-digit standard book number (SBN) had no registration group identifier, but prefixing a zero to a 9-digit SBN creates a valid 10-digit ISBN. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Registrant_element">Registrant element</h3></div> <p>The national ISBN agency assigns the registrant element (<a href="/wiki/Cf." title="Cf.">cf.</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:ISBN_agencies" title="Category:ISBN agencies">Category:ISBN agencies</a>) and an accompanying series of ISBNs within that registrant element to the publisher; the publisher then allocates one of the ISBNs to each of its books. In most countries, a book publisher is not legally required to assign an ISBN, although most large bookstores only handle publications that have ISBNs assigned to them.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The International ISBN Agency maintains the details of over one million ISBN prefixes and publishers in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grp.isbn-international.org">Global Register of Publishers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This database is freely searchable over the internet. </p><p>Publishers receive blocks of ISBNs, with larger blocks allotted to publishers expecting to need them; a small publisher may receive ISBNs of one or more digits for the registration group identifier, several digits for the registrant, and a single digit for the publication element. Once that block of ISBNs is used, the publisher may receive another block of ISBNs, with a different registrant element. Consequently, a publisher may have different allotted registrant elements. There also may be more than one registration group identifier used in a country. This might occur once all the registrant elements from a particular registration group have been allocated to publishers. </p><p>By using variable block lengths, registration agencies are able to customise the allocations of ISBNs that they make to publishers. For example, a large publisher may be given a block of ISBNs where fewer digits are allocated for the registrant element and many digits are allocated for the publication element; likewise, countries publishing many titles have few allocated digits for the registration group identifier and many for the registrant and publication elements.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here are some sample ISBN-10 codes, illustrating block length variations. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; max-width:40em;"> <tbody><tr> <th>ISBN</th> <th>Country or area</th> <th>Publisher </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>99921-58-10-7</code></td> <td>Qatar</td> <td>NCCAH, Doha </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>9971-5-0210-0</code></td> <td>Singapore</td> <td>World Scientific </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>960-425-059-0</code></td> <td>Greece</td> <td>Sigma Publications </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>80-902734-1-6</code></td> <td>Czech Republic; Slovakia</td> <td>Taita Publishers </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>85-359-0277-5</code></td> <td>Brazil</td> <td>Companhia das Letras </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>1-84356-028-3</code></td> <td>English-speaking area</td> <td>Simon Wallenberg Press </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>0-684-84328-5</code></td> <td>English-speaking area</td> <td>Scribner </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>0-8044-2957-X</code></td> <td>English-speaking area</td> <td>Frederick Ungar </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>0-85131-041-9</code></td> <td>English-speaking area</td> <td>J. A. Allen & Co. </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>93-86954-21-4</code></td> <td>English-speaking area</td> <td>Edupedia Publications Pvt Ltd. </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>0-943396-04-2</code></td> <td>English-speaking area</td> <td>Willmann–Bell </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>0-9752298-0-X</code></td> <td>English-speaking area</td> <td>KT Publishing </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="English-language_pattern">English-language pattern <span class="anchor" id="Pattern_for_English_language_ISBNs"></span></h4></div> <p>English-language registration group elements are 0 and 1 (2 of more than 220 registration group elements). These two registration group elements are divided into registrant elements in a systematic pattern, which allows their length to be determined, as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-range_file_generation_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-range_file_generation-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Publication<br />element length </th> <th colspan="3">0 – Registration group element </th> <th colspan="3">1 – Registration group element </th> <th rowspan="2">Total<br />Registrants </th></tr> <tr> <th>From</th> <th>To</th> <th>Registrants</th> <th>From</th> <th>To</th> <th>Registrants </th></tr> <tr> <th>6 digits </th> <td style="font-family:monospace;">0-00-xxxxxx-x </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">0-19-xxxxxx-x </td> <td>20 </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">1-01-xxxxxx-x<br />1-05-xxxxxx-x </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">1-02-xxxxxx-x<br />1-05-xxxxxx-x </td> <td>3 </td> <td>23 </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 digits </th> <td style="font-family:monospace;">0-200-xxxxx-x<br />0-229-xxxxx-x<br />0-370-xxxxx-x<br />0-640-xxxxx-x<br />0-646-xxxxx-x<br />0-649-xxxxx-x<br />0-656-xxxxx-x </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">0-227-xxxxx-x<br />0-368-xxxxx-x<br />0-638-xxxxx-x<br />0-644-xxxxx-x<br />0-647-xxxxx-x<br />0-654-xxxxx-x<br />0-699-xxxxx-x </td> <td>494 </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">1-000-xxxxx-x<br />1-030-xxxxx-x<br />1-040-xxxxx-x<br />1-100-xxxxx-x<br />1-714-xxxxx-x </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">1-009-xxxxx-x<br />1-034-xxxxx-x<br />1-049-xxxxx-x<br />1-397-xxxxx-x<br />1-716-xxxxx-x </td> <td>326 </td> <td>820 </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 digits </th> <td style="font-family:monospace;">0-2280-xxxx-x<br />0-3690-xxxx-x<br />0-6390-xxxx-x<br />0-6550-xxxx-x<br />0-7000-xxxx-x </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">0-2289-xxxx-x<br />0-3699-xxxx-x<br />0-6397-xxxx-x<br />0-6559-xxxx-x<br />0-8499-xxxx-x </td> <td>1,538 </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">1-0350-xxxx-x<br />1-0700-xxxx-x<br />1-3980-xxxx-x<br />1-6500-xxxx-x<br />1-6860-xxxx-x<br />1-7170-xxxx-x<br />1-7620-xxxx-x<br />1-7900-xxxx-x<br />1-8672-xxxx-x<br />1-9730-xxxx-x </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">1-0399-xxxx-x<br />1-0999-xxxx-x<br />1-5499-xxxx-x<br />1-6799-xxxx-x<br />1-7139-xxxx-x<br />1-7319-xxxx-x<br />1-7634-xxxx-x<br />1-7999-xxxx-x<br />1-8675-xxxx-x<br />1-9877-xxxx-x </td> <td>2,867 </td> <td>4,405 </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 digits </th> <td style="font-family:monospace;">0-85000-xxx-x </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">0-89999-xxx-x </td> <td>5,000 </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">1-55000-xxx-x<br />1-68000-xxx-x<br />1-74000-xxx-x<br />1-76500-xxx-x<br />1-77540-xxx-x<br />1-77650-xxx-x<br />1-77830-xxx-x<br />1-80000-xxx-x<br />1-83850-xxx-x<br />1-86760-xxx-x </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">1-64999-xxx-x<br />1-68599-xxx-x<br />1-76199-xxx-x<br />1-77499-xxx-x<br />1-77639-xxx-x<br />1-77699-xxx-x<br />1-78999-xxx-x<br />1-83799-xxx-x<br />1-86719-xxx-x<br />1-86979-xxx-x </td> <td>22,010 </td> <td>27,010 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 digits </th> <td style="font-family:monospace;">0-900000-xx-x<br />0-900372-xx-x </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">0-900370-xx-x<br />0-949999-xx-x </td> <td>49,999 </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">1-869800-xx-x<br />1-916506-xx-x<br />1-916908-xx-x<br />1-919655-xx-x<br />1-987800-xx-x<br />1-991200-xx-x </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">1-915999-xx-x<br />1-916869-xx-x<br />1-919599-xx-x<br />1-972999-xx-x<br />1-991149-xx-x<br />1-998989-xx-x </td> <td>113,741 </td> <td>163,740 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1 digit </th> <td style="font-family:monospace;">0-6398000-x-x<br />0-6450000-x-x<br />0-6480000-x-x<br />0-9003710-x-x<br />0-9500000-x-x </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">0-6399999-x-x<br />0-6459999-x-x<br />0-6489999-x-x<br />0-9003719-x-x<br />0-9999999-x-x </td> <td>522,010 </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">1-0670000-x-x<br />1-7320000-x-x<br />1-7635000-x-x<br />1-7750000-x-x<br />1-7764000-x-x<br />1-7770000-x-x<br />1-8380000-x-x<br />1-9160000-x-x<br />1-9168700-x-x<br />1-9196000-x-x<br />1-9911500-x-x<br />1-9989900-x-x </td> <td style="font-family:monospace;">1-0699999-x-x<br />1-7399999-x-x<br />1-7649999-x-x<br />1-7753999-x-x<br />1-7764999-x-x<br />1-7782999-x-x<br />1-8384999-x-x<br />1-9165059-x-x<br />1-9169079-x-x<br />1-9196549-x-x<br />1-9911999-x-x<br />1-9999999-x-x </td> <td>164,590 </td> <td>686,600 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total </th> <td>579,061 </td> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:right;">Total </th> <td>303,537 </td> <td>882,598 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Check_digits">Check digits</h2></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Check_digit" title="Check digit">check digit</a> is a form of redundancy check used for <a href="/wiki/Error_detection" class="mw-redirect" title="Error detection">error detection</a>, the decimal equivalent of a binary <a href="/wiki/Check_bit" class="mw-redirect" title="Check bit">check bit</a>. It consists of a single digit computed from the other digits in the number. The method for the 10-digit ISBN is an extension of that for SBNs, so the two systems are compatible; an SBN prefixed with a zero (the 10-digit ISBN) will give the same check digit as the SBN without the zero. The check digit is base eleven, and can be an integer between 0 and 9, or an 'X'. The system for 13-digit ISBNs is not compatible with SBNs and will, in general, give a different check digit from the corresponding 10-digit ISBN, so does not provide the same protection against transposition. This is because the 13-digit code was required to be compatible with the <a href="/wiki/European_Article_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="European Article Number">EAN</a> format, and hence could not contain the letter 'X'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISBN-10_check_digits">ISBN-10 check digits</h3></div> <p>According to the 2001 edition of the International ISBN Agency's official user manual,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the ISBN-10 check digit (which is the last digit of the 10-digit ISBN) must range from 0 to 10 (the symbol 'X' is used for 10), and must be such that the sum of the ten digits, each multiplied by its (integer) weight, descending from 10 to 1, is a multiple of 11. That is, if <var style="padding-right: 1px;">x</var><sub><var style="padding-right: 1px;">i</var></sub> is the <var style="padding-right: 1px;">i</var>th digit, then <var style="padding-right: 1px;">x</var><sub>10</sub> must be chosen such that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{10}(11-i)x_{i}\equiv 0{\pmod {11}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≡</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="1em" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>mod</mi> <mspace width="0.333em" /> <mn>11</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{10}(11-i)x_{i}\equiv 0{\pmod {11}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d84ad16f69d83c0e7c0aa8704d2dd27288fc650b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:30.178ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{10}(11-i)x_{i}\equiv 0{\pmod {11}}.}"></span></div> <p>For example, for an ISBN-10 of 0-306-40615-2: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s&=(0\times 10)+(3\times 9)+(0\times 8)+(6\times 7)+(4\times 6)+(0\times 5)+(6\times 4)+(1\times 3)+(5\times 2)+(2\times 1)\\&=0+27+0+42+24+0+24+3+10+2\\&=132=12\times 11.\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>s</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>27</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>42</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>24</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>24</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>132</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>11.</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s&=(0\times 10)+(3\times 9)+(0\times 8)+(6\times 7)+(4\times 6)+(0\times 5)+(6\times 4)+(1\times 3)+(5\times 2)+(2\times 1)\\&=0+27+0+42+24+0+24+3+10+2\\&=132=12\times 11.\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/98964d3f60b0fed1f302298b39c224295bc00eed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.838ex; width:101.412ex; height:8.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s&=(0\times 10)+(3\times 9)+(0\times 8)+(6\times 7)+(4\times 6)+(0\times 5)+(6\times 4)+(1\times 3)+(5\times 2)+(2\times 1)\\&=0+27+0+42+24+0+24+3+10+2\\&=132=12\times 11.\end{aligned}}}"></span></div> <p>Formally, using <a href="/wiki/Modular_arithmetic" title="Modular arithmetic">modular arithmetic</a>, this is rendered </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (10x_{1}+9x_{2}+8x_{3}+7x_{4}+6x_{5}+5x_{6}+4x_{7}+3x_{8}+2x_{9}+x_{10})\equiv 0{\pmod {11}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>10</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>9</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>8</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>7</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>9</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≡</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="1em" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>mod</mi> <mspace width="0.333em" /> <mn>11</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (10x_{1}+9x_{2}+8x_{3}+7x_{4}+6x_{5}+5x_{6}+4x_{7}+3x_{8}+2x_{9}+x_{10})\equiv 0{\pmod {11}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d26f3565c29f48292f653bcc0d6fb729528d18c1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:80.575ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (10x_{1}+9x_{2}+8x_{3}+7x_{4}+6x_{5}+5x_{6}+4x_{7}+3x_{8}+2x_{9}+x_{10})\equiv 0{\pmod {11}}.}"></span></div> <p>It is also true for ISBN-10s that the sum of all ten digits, each multiplied by its weight in <i>ascending</i> order from 1 to 10, is a multiple of 11. For this example: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s&=(0\times 1)+(3\times 2)+(0\times 3)+(6\times 4)+(4\times 5)+(0\times 6)+(6\times 7)+(1\times 8)+(5\times 9)+(2\times 10)\\&=0+6+0+24+20+0+42+8+45+20\\&=165=15\times 11.\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>s</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>24</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>42</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>45</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>20</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>165</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>15</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>11.</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s&=(0\times 1)+(3\times 2)+(0\times 3)+(6\times 4)+(4\times 5)+(0\times 6)+(6\times 7)+(1\times 8)+(5\times 9)+(2\times 10)\\&=0+6+0+24+20+0+42+8+45+20\\&=165=15\times 11.\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8c4fe8374d8f3820ab1e34cf651376955361c4b0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.838ex; width:101.412ex; height:8.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s&=(0\times 1)+(3\times 2)+(0\times 3)+(6\times 4)+(4\times 5)+(0\times 6)+(6\times 7)+(1\times 8)+(5\times 9)+(2\times 10)\\&=0+6+0+24+20+0+42+8+45+20\\&=165=15\times 11.\end{aligned}}}"></span></div> <p>Formally, this is rendered </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (x_{1}+2x_{2}+3x_{3}+4x_{4}+5x_{5}+6x_{6}+7x_{7}+8x_{8}+9x_{9}+10x_{10})\equiv 0{\pmod {11}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>7</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>8</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>9</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>9</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>10</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≡</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="1em" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>mod</mi> <mspace width="0.333em" /> <mn>11</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (x_{1}+2x_{2}+3x_{3}+4x_{4}+5x_{5}+6x_{6}+7x_{7}+8x_{8}+9x_{9}+10x_{10})\equiv 0{\pmod {11}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da98464b376c0a9398076342abdc3865e6963d92" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:80.575ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (x_{1}+2x_{2}+3x_{3}+4x_{4}+5x_{5}+6x_{6}+7x_{7}+8x_{8}+9x_{9}+10x_{10})\equiv 0{\pmod {11}}.}"></span></div> <p>The two most common errors in handling an ISBN (e.g. when typing it or writing it down) are a single altered digit or the transposition of adjacent digits. It can be proven mathematically that all pairs of valid ISBN-10s differ in at least two digits. It can also be proven that there are no pairs of valid ISBN-10s with eight identical digits and two transposed digits (these proofs are true because the ISBN is less than eleven digits long and because 11 is a <a href="/wiki/Prime_number" title="Prime number">prime number</a>). The ISBN check digit method therefore ensures that it will always be possible to detect these two most common types of error, i.e., if either of these types of error has occurred, the result will never be a valid ISBN—the sum of the digits multiplied by their weights will never be a multiple of 11. However, if the error were to occur in the publishing house and remain undetected, the book would be issued with an invalid ISBN.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast, it is possible for other types of error, such as two altered non-transposed digits, or three altered digits, to result in a valid ISBN (although it is still unlikely). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISBN-10_check_digit_calculation">ISBN-10 check digit calculation</h3></div> <p>Each of the first nine digits of the 10-digit ISBN—excluding the check digit itself—is multiplied by its (integer) weight, descending from 10 to 2, and the sum of these nine products found. The value of the check digit is simply the one number between 0 and 10 which, when added to this sum, means the total is a multiple of 11. </p><p>For example, the check digit for an ISBN-10 of 0-306-40615-<i>?</i> is calculated as follows: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s&=(0\times 10)+(3\times 9)+(0\times 8)+(6\times 7)+(4\times 6)+(0\times 5)+(6\times 4)+(1\times 3)+(5\times 2)\\&=130.\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>s</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>130.</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s&=(0\times 10)+(3\times 9)+(0\times 8)+(6\times 7)+(4\times 6)+(0\times 5)+(6\times 4)+(1\times 3)+(5\times 2)\\&=130.\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fa18e800f8a57d90ff6cba4dfc097ad942e56134" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:91.597ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s&=(0\times 10)+(3\times 9)+(0\times 8)+(6\times 7)+(4\times 6)+(0\times 5)+(6\times 4)+(1\times 3)+(5\times 2)\\&=130.\end{aligned}}}"></span></div> <p>Adding 2 to 130 gives a multiple of 11 (because 132 = 12×11)—this is the only number between 0 and 10 which does so. Therefore, the check digit has to be 2, and the complete sequence is ISBN 0-306-40615-2. If the value of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{10}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{10}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c6f81393481a94be9cca20430d468620e63cdb75" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.206ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{10}}"></span> required to satisfy this condition is 10, then an 'X' should be used. </p><p>Alternatively, <a href="/wiki/Modular_arithmetic" title="Modular arithmetic">modular arithmetic</a> is convenient for calculating the check digit using modulus 11. The <a href="/wiki/Remainder" title="Remainder">remainder</a> of this sum when it is divided by 11 (i.e. its value modulo 11), is computed. This remainder plus the check digit must equal either 0 or 11. Therefore, the check digit is (11 minus the remainder of the sum of the products modulo 11) modulo 11. Taking the remainder modulo 11 a second time accounts for the possibility that the first remainder is 0. Without the second modulo operation, the calculation could result in a check digit value of <span class="nowrap">11 − 0 = 11</span>, which is invalid. (Strictly speaking, the <i>first</i> "modulo 11" is not needed, but it may be considered to simplify the calculation.) </p><p>For example, the check digit for the ISBN of 0-306-40615-<i>?</i> is calculated as follows: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s&=(11-(((0\times 10)+(3\times 9)+(0\times 8)+(6\times 7)+(4\times 6)+(0\times 5)+(6\times 4)+(1\times 3)+(5\times 2))\,{\bmod {\,}}11))\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=(11-((0+27+0+42+24+0+24+3+10)\,{\bmod {\,}}11))\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=(11-((130)\,{\bmod {\,}}11))\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=(11-(9))\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=(2)\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=2\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>s</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace">mod</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>11</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace">mod</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>11</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>27</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>42</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>24</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>24</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace">mod</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>11</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace">mod</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>11</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>130</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace">mod</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>11</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace">mod</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>11</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace">mod</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>11</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace">mod</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>11</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s&=(11-(((0\times 10)+(3\times 9)+(0\times 8)+(6\times 7)+(4\times 6)+(0\times 5)+(6\times 4)+(1\times 3)+(5\times 2))\,{\bmod {\,}}11))\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=(11-((0+27+0+42+24+0+24+3+10)\,{\bmod {\,}}11))\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=(11-((130)\,{\bmod {\,}}11))\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=(11-(9))\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=(2)\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=2\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/31a266938748f4db67c46ccff33e0441435a03f5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -8.671ex; width:119.751ex; height:18.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s&=(11-(((0\times 10)+(3\times 9)+(0\times 8)+(6\times 7)+(4\times 6)+(0\times 5)+(6\times 4)+(1\times 3)+(5\times 2))\,{\bmod {\,}}11))\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=(11-((0+27+0+42+24+0+24+3+10)\,{\bmod {\,}}11))\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=(11-((130)\,{\bmod {\,}}11))\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=(11-(9))\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=(2)\,{\bmod {\,}}11\\&=2\end{aligned}}}"></span></div> <p>Thus the check digit is 2. </p><p>It is possible to avoid the multiplications in a software implementation by using two accumulators. Repeatedly adding <code>t</code> into <code>s</code> computes the necessary multiples: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Returns ISBN error syndrome, zero for a valid ISBN, non-zero for an invalid one.</span> <span class="c1">// digits[i] must be between 0 and 10.</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">CheckISBN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digits</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">++</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">digits</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <p>The modular reduction can be done once at the end, as shown above (in which case <code>s</code> could hold a value as large as 496, for the invalid ISBN 99999-999-9-X), or <code>s</code> and <code>t</code> could be reduced by a conditional subtract after each addition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISBN-13_check_digit_calculation">ISBN-13 check digit calculation</h3></div> <p>Appendix 1 of the International ISBN Agency's official user manual<sup id="cite_ref-7th_edition_Users'_Manual_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7th_edition_Users'_Manual-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup> describes how the 13-digit ISBN check digit is calculated. The ISBN-13 check digit, which is the last digit of the ISBN, must range from 0 to 9 and must be such that the sum of all the thirteen digits, each multiplied by its (integer) weight, alternating between 1 and 3, is a multiple of <a href="/wiki/10_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="10 (number)">10</a>. As ISBN-13 is a subset of <a href="/wiki/International_Article_Number#Check_digit" title="International Article Number">EAN-13</a>, the algorithm for calculating the check digit is exactly the same for both. </p><p>Formally, using <a href="/wiki/Modular_arithmetic" title="Modular arithmetic">modular arithmetic</a>, this is rendered: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (x_{1}+3x_{2}+x_{3}+3x_{4}+x_{5}+3x_{6}+x_{7}+3x_{8}+x_{9}+3x_{10}+x_{11}+3x_{12}+x_{13})\equiv 0{\pmod {10}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>9</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≡</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="1em" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>mod</mi> <mspace width="0.333em" /> <mn>10</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (x_{1}+3x_{2}+x_{3}+3x_{4}+x_{5}+3x_{6}+x_{7}+3x_{8}+x_{9}+3x_{10}+x_{11}+3x_{12}+x_{13})\equiv 0{\pmod {10}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bc96dc5786774a9f0ccc50e52e63e4baeff61572" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:94.064ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (x_{1}+3x_{2}+x_{3}+3x_{4}+x_{5}+3x_{6}+x_{7}+3x_{8}+x_{9}+3x_{10}+x_{11}+3x_{12}+x_{13})\equiv 0{\pmod {10}}.}"></span></div> <p>The calculation of an ISBN-13 check digit begins with the first twelve digits of the 13-digit ISBN (thus excluding the check digit itself). Each digit, from left to right, is alternately multiplied by 1 or 3, then those products are summed <a href="/wiki/Modular_arithmetic" title="Modular arithmetic">modulo</a> 10 to give a value ranging from 0 to 9. Subtracted from 10, that leaves a result from 1 to 10. A zero replaces a ten, so, in all cases, a single check digit results. </p><p>For example, the ISBN-13 check digit of 978-0-306-40615-<i>?</i> is calculated as follows: </p> <pre>s = 9×1 + 7×3 + 8×1 + 0×3 + 3×1 + 0×3 + 6×1 + 4×3 + 0×1 + 6×3 + 1×1 + 5×3 = 9 + 21 + 8 + 0 + 3 + 0 + 6 + 12 + 0 + 18 + 1 + 15 = 93 93 / 10 = 9 remainder 3 10 – 3 = 7 </pre> <p>Thus, the check digit is 7, and the complete sequence is ISBN 978-0-306-40615-7. </p><p>In general, the ISBN check digit is calculated as follows. </p><p>Let </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r=10-{\big (}{\big (}x_{1}+3x_{2}+x_{3}+3x_{4}+\cdots +x_{11}+3x_{12}{\big )}{\bmod {1}}0{\big )}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">(</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">(</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo lspace="thickmathspace" rspace="thickmathspace">mod</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r=10-{\big (}{\big (}x_{1}+3x_{2}+x_{3}+3x_{4}+\cdots +x_{11}+3x_{12}{\big )}{\bmod {1}}0{\big )}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f481fc859d2a2cc8ac806490b53b7453f8c4278f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:61.425ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r=10-{\big (}{\big (}x_{1}+3x_{2}+x_{3}+3x_{4}+\cdots +x_{11}+3x_{12}{\big )}{\bmod {1}}0{\big )}.}"></span></div> <p>Then </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{13}={\begin{cases}r,&r<10,\\0,&r=10.\end{cases}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing=".2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>r</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>r</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10.</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{13}={\begin{cases}r,&r<10,\\0,&r=10.\end{cases}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/27cbad9a7a0447520bea37c0e1482e30021fcf0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:20.05ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{13}={\begin{cases}r,&r<10,\\0,&r=10.\end{cases}}}"></span></div> <p>This check system—similar to the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Product_Code" title="Universal Product Code">UPC</a> check digit formula—does not catch all errors of adjacent digit transposition. Specifically, if the difference between two adjacent digits is 5, the check digit will not catch their transposition. For instance, the above example allows this situation with the 6 followed by a 1. The correct order contributes <span class="nowrap">3 × 6 + 1 × 1 = 19</span> to the sum; while, if the digits are transposed (1 followed by a 6), the contribution of those two digits will be <span class="nowrap">3 × 1 + 1 × 6 = 9</span>. However, 19 and 9 are congruent modulo 10, and so produce the same, final result: both ISBNs will have a check digit of 7. The ISBN-10 formula uses the <a href="/wiki/Prime_number" title="Prime number">prime</a> modulus 11 which avoids this blind spot, but requires more than the digits 0–9 to express the check digit. </p><p>Additionally, if the sum of the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th digits is tripled then added to the remaining digits (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th, and 13th), the total will always be divisible by 10 (i.e., end in 0). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISBN-10_to_ISBN-13_conversion">ISBN-10 to ISBN-13 conversion</h3></div> <p>A 10-digit ISBN is converted to a 13-digit ISBN by prepending "978" to the ISBN-10 and recalculating the final checksum digit using the ISBN-13 algorithm. The reverse process can also be performed, but not for numbers commencing with a prefix other than 978, which have no 10-digit equivalent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Errors_in_usage"><span class="anchor" id="Cancelled_ISBN"></span>Errors in usage</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">libraries</a> have varied policies about the use of the ISBN check digit. Publishers sometimes fail to check the correspondence of a book title and its ISBN before publishing it; that failure causes book identification problems for libraries, booksellers, and readers.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-590-76484-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-590-76484-5">0-590-76484-5</a> is shared by two books—<i>Ninja gaiden: a novel based on the best-selling game by Tecmo</i> (1990) and <i>Wacky laws</i> (1997), both published by <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Corporation" title="Scholastic Corporation">Scholastic</a>. </p><p>Most libraries and booksellers display the book record for an invalid ISBN issued by the publisher. The <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> catalogue contains books published with invalid ISBNs, which it usually tags with the phrase "Cancelled ISBN".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The International Union Library Catalog (a.k.a., <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>—Online Computer Library Center system) often indexes by invalid ISBNs, if the book is indexed in that way by a member library.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="eISBN">eISBN</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This section has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/ISBN" title="Special:EditPage/ISBN">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:ISBN" title="Talk:ISBN">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this section is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:ISBN##" title="Talk:ISBN">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreliable_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-unreliable_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Some of this section's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">listed sources</a> <b>may not be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Only the term "ISBN" should be used; the terms "eISBN" and "e-ISBN" have historically been sources of confusion and should be avoided. If a book exists in one or more digital (<a href="/wiki/E-book" class="mw-redirect" title="E-book">e-book</a>) formats, each of those formats must have its own ISBN. In other words, each of the three separate <a href="/wiki/EPUB" title="EPUB">EPUB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Amazon Kindle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> formats of a particular book will have its own specific ISBN. They should not share the ISBN of the paper version, and there is no generic "eISBN" which encompasses all the e-book formats for a title.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="EAN_format_used_in_barcodes,_and_upgrading"><span id="EAN_format_used_in_barcodes.2C_and_upgrading"></span>EAN format used in barcodes, and upgrading</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Barcode" title="Barcode">barcodes</a> on a book's back cover (or inside a mass-market <a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a> book's front cover) are <a href="/wiki/European_Article_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="European Article Number">EAN-13</a>; they may have a separate barcode encoding five digits called an <a href="/wiki/EAN-5" title="EAN-5">EAN-5</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Recommended_retail_price" class="mw-redirect" title="Recommended retail price">recommended retail price</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 10-digit ISBNs, the number "978", the <a href="/wiki/Bookland" title="Bookland">Bookland</a> "country code", is prefixed to the ISBN in the barcode data, and the check digit is recalculated according to the EAN-13 formula (modulo 10, 1× and 3× weighting on alternating digits). </p><p>Partly because of an expected shortage in certain ISBN categories, the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO) decided to migrate to a 13-digit ISBN (ISBN-13). The process began on 1 January 2005 and was planned to conclude on 1 January 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISBN&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, all the 13-digit ISBNs began with 978. As the 978 ISBN supply is exhausted, the 979 prefix was introduced. Part of the 979 prefix is reserved for use with the <a href="/wiki/Bookland" title="Bookland">Musicland</a> code for musical scores with an <a href="/wiki/ISMN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISMN">ISMN</a>. The 10-digit ISMN codes differed visually as they began with an "M" letter; the bar code represents the "M" as a zero, and for checksum purposes it counted as a 3. All ISMNs are now thirteen digits commencing 979-0; 979-1 to 979-9 will be used by ISBN. </p><p>Publisher identification code numbers are unlikely to be the same in the 978 and 979 ISBNs, likewise, there is no guarantee that language area code numbers will be the same. Moreover, the 10-digit ISBN check digit generally is not the same as the 13-digit ISBN check digit. Because the GTIN-13 is part of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Trade_Item_Number" title="Global Trade Item Number">Global Trade Item Number</a> (GTIN) system (that includes the GTIN-14, the GTIN-12, and the GTIN-8), the 13-digit ISBN falls within the 14-digit data field range.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Barcode format compatibility is maintained, because (aside from the group breaks) the ISBN-13 barcode format is identical to the EAN barcode format of existing 10-digit ISBNs. So, migration to an EAN-based system allows booksellers the use of a single numbering system for both books and non-book products that is compatible with existing ISBN based data, with only minimal changes to <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> systems. Hence, many <a href="/wiki/Bookstore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookstore">booksellers</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble" title="Barnes & Noble">Barnes & Noble</a>) migrated to EAN barcodes as early as March 2005. Although many American and Canadian booksellers were able to read EAN-13 barcodes before 2005, most general retailers could not read them. The upgrading of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Product_Code" title="Universal Product Code">UPC</a> <a href="/wiki/Barcode_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcode system">barcode system</a> to full EAN-13, in 2005, eased migration to the ISBN in North America. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> (Amazon Standard Identification Number)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_Item_and_Component_Identifier" title="Book Item and Component Identifier">BICI</a> (Book Item and Component Identifier)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources" title="Special:BookSources">Book sources search</a> – a Wikipedia resource that allows search by ISBNs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CODEN" title="CODEN">CODEN</a> (serial publication identifier currently used by libraries; replaced by the ISSN for new works)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> (Digital Object Identifier)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Short_Title_Catalogue" title="English Short Title Catalogue">ESTC</a> (English Short Title Catalogue)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">ISAN</a> (International Standard Audiovisual Number)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">ISRC</a> (International Standard Recording Code)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" title="International Standard Text Code">ISTC</a> (International Standard Text Code)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Musical_Work_Code" title="International Standard Musical Work Code">ISWC</a> (International Standard Musical Work Code)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> (International Standard Serial Number)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISWN" title="ISWN">ISWN</a> (International Standard Wine Number)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> (Library of Congress Control Number)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/License_number_(East_German_books)" title="License number (East German books)">License number (East German books)</a> (Book identification system used between 1951 and 1990 in the former GDR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_group-0_ISBN_publisher_codes" title="List of group-0 ISBN publisher codes">List of group-0 ISBN publisher codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_group-1_ISBN_publisher_codes" title="List of group-1 ISBN publisher codes">List of group-1 ISBN publisher codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ISBN_registration_groups" title="List of ISBN registration groups">List of ISBN registration groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Item_and_Contribution_Identifier" title="Serial Item and Contribution Identifier">SICI</a> (Serial Item and Contribution Identifier)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VD_16" title="VD 16">VD 16</a> (<i>Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachbereich erschienenen Drucke des 16. Jahrhunderts</i>, "Bibliography of Books Printed in the German Speaking Countries of the Sixteenth Century")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VD_17" title="VD 17">VD 17</a> (<i>Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachraum erschienenen Drucke des 17. Jahrhunderts</i>, "Bibliography of Books Printed in the German Speaking Countries of the Seventeenth Century")</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Occasionally, publishers erroneously assign an ISBN to more than one title—the first edition of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ultimate_Alphabet" title="The Ultimate Alphabet">The Ultimate Alphabet</a></i> and <i>The Ultimate Alphabet Workbook</i> have the same ISBN, 0-8050-0076-3. Conversely, the same book can be published with several ISBNs: A German second-language edition of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Emil_and_the_Detectives" title="Emil and the Detectives">Emil und die Detektive</a></i></span> has the ISBNs 87-23-90157-8 (Denmark), 0-8219-1069-8 (United States), 91-21-15628-X (Sweden), 0-85048-548-7 (United Kingdom) and 3-12-675495-3 (Germany).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In some cases, books sold only as a set share the same ISBN. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Jack_Vance#The_Vance_Integral_Edition" title="Jack Vance">Vance Integral Edition</a> used only two ISBNs for 44 books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conversion-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conversion_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conversion_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Publishers were required to convert existing ISBNs from the 10-digit format to the 13-digit format (in their publication records) by 1 January 2007. For <i>existing</i> publications, the new 13-digit ISBN would only need to be added if (and when) a publication was reprinted. During the transition period, publishers were recommended to print <i>both</i> the 10-digit and 13-digit ISBNs on the verso of a publication's title page, but they were required to print <i>only</i> the 13-digit ISBN after 1 January 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-LAC_FAQ_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAC_FAQ-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some books have several codes in the first block: e.g. A. M. Yaglom's <i>Correlation Theory...</i>, published by <a href="/wiki/Springer_Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Verlag">Springer Verlag</a>, has two ISBNs, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-387-96331-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-387-96331-6">0-387-96331-6</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-96331-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-96331-6">3-540-96331-6</a>. Though Springer's 387 and 540 codes are different for English (0) and German (3); the same item number 96331 produces the same check digit for both (6). Springer uses 431 as the publisher code for Japanese (4), and 4-431-96331-? also has a check digit of 6. Other Springer books in English have publisher code 817, and 0-817-96331-? would also have a check digit of 6. This suggests that special considerations were made for assigning Springer's publisher codes, as random assignments of different publisher codes would not be expected to lead by coincidence to the same check digit every time for the same item number. Finding publisher codes for English and German, say, with this effect would amount to solving a linear equation in modular arithmetic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (May 2019)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The International ISBN Agency's <i>ISBN User's Manual</i> says: "The ten-digit number is divided into four parts of variable length, which must be separated clearly, by hyphens or spaces", although omission of separators is permitted for internal data processing. If present, hyphens must be correctly placed.<sup id="cite_ref-range_file_generation_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-range_file_generation-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actual definition for hyphenation contains more than 220 different registration group elements with each one broken down into a few to several ranges for the length of the registrant element (more than 1,000 total). The document defining the ranges, listed by agency, is 29 pages.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-history-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isbn.org/ISBN_history">"ISBN History"</a>. isbn.org. 20 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140420232459/http://www.isbn.org/ISBN_history">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISBN+History&rft.pub=isbn.org&rft.date=2014-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn.org%2FISBN_history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isbn-international.org/">"The International ISBN Agency"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224032510/https://www.isbn-international.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+International+ISBN+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn-international.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAC_FAQ-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LAC_FAQ_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAC_FAQ_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAC_FAQ_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070610160919/http://www.lac-bac.gc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/isbn.htm">"Frequently Asked Questions about the new ISBN standard"</a>. <i>ISO TC 46/SC 9</i>. <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a>. 31 May 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lac-bac.gc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/isbn.htm">the original</a> on 10 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO+TC+46%2FSC+9&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+about+the+new+ISBN+standard&rft.date=2005-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lac-bac.gc.ca%2Fiso%2Ftc46sc9%2Fisbn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley1992" class="citation journal cs1">Bradley, Philip (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210221021131/https://www.theindexer.org/files/18-1/18-1_025.pdf">"Book numbering: The importance of the ISBN"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Indexer</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 25–26. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3828%2Findexer.1992.18.1.11">10.3828/indexer.1992.18.1.11</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:193442570">193442570</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theindexer.org/files/18-1/18-1_025.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF [245KB])</span> on 21 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indexer&rft.atitle=Book+numbering%3A+The+importance+of+the+ISBN&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=25-26&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3828%2Findexer.1992.18.1.11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A193442570%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theindexer.org%2Ffiles%2F18-1%2F18-1_025.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-From_Archive.org-4646971-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-From_Archive.org-4646971_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1966" class="citation web cs1">Foster, Gordon (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430024722/http://www.informaticsdevelopmentinstitute.net/isbn.html">"International Standard Book Numbering (ISBN) System original 1966 report"</a>. informaticsdevelopmentinstitute.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informaticsdevelopmentinstitute.net/isbn.html">the original</a> on 30 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Standard+Book+Numbering+%28ISBN%29+System+original+1966+report&rft.pub=informaticsdevelopmentinstitute.net&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informaticsdevelopmentinstitute.net%2Fisbn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ktieb-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ktieb_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ktieb_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ktieb_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ktieb_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ktieb.org.mt/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Manwal-ghall-Utenti-tal-ISBN-Maltese.pdf"><i>Manwal ghall-Utenti tal-ISBN</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Maltese) (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>: Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ktieb. 2016. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99957-889-4-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-99957-889-4-0"><bdi>978-99957-889-4-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817083617/http://ktieb.org.mt/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Manwal-ghall-Utenti-tal-ISBN">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manwal+ghall-Utenti+tal-ISBN&rft.place=Malta&rft.pages=5&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Kunsill+Nazzjonali+tal-Ktieb&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-99957-889-4-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fktieb.org.mt%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F02%2FManwal-ghall-Utenti-tal-ISBN-Maltese.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharkin2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Charkin" title="Richard Charkin">Charkin, Richard</a> (17 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.internationalpublishers.org/standards-news/318-it-was-an-idea-whose-time-had-come-david-whitaker-on-the-birth-of-isbn">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'It was an idea whose time had come.' David Whitaker on the birth of ISBN"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Publishers_Association" title="International Publishers Association">International Publishers Association</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190806111624/https://www.internationalpublishers.org/standards-news/318-it-was-an-idea-whose-time-had-come-david-whitaker-on-the-birth-of-isbn">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Publishers+Association&rft.atitle=%27It+was+an+idea+whose+time+had+come.%27+David+Whitaker+on+the+birth+of+ISBN&rft.date=2015-07-17&rft.aulast=Charkin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.internationalpublishers.org%2Fstandards-news%2F318-it-was-an-idea-whose-time-had-come-david-whitaker-on-the-birth-of-isbn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-niso.org-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-niso.org_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-niso.org_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804153745/http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.php/6294/ISQ_vol8_no3_July1996.pdf">"Emery Koltay, David Whitaker Named NISO Fellows"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Information Standards Quarterly</i>, <b>8</b> (3), National Information Standards Organization: 12–13, July 1996, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.php/6294/ISQ_vol8_no3_July1996.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 August 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Standards+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Emery+Koltay%2C+David+Whitaker+Named+NISO+Fellows&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=12-13&rft.date=1996-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niso.org%2Fapps%2Fgroup_public%2Fdownload.php%2F6294%2FISQ_vol8_no3_July1996.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUS_ISBN_Agency" class="citation web cs1">US ISBN Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031219215516/http://commerce.bowker.com/standards/home/isbn/about_information_standards.asp">"Bowker.com – Products"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bowker.com+%E2%80%93+Products&rft.pub=Commerce.bowker.com&rft.au=US+ISBN+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommerce.bowker.com%2Fstandards%2Fhome%2Fisbn%2Fabout_information_standards.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory" class="citation web cs1">Gregory, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516011735/http%3A//www.printrs.com/isbn.htm">"ISBN"</a>. PrintRS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.printrs.com/isbn.htm">the original</a> on 16 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISBN&rft.pub=PrintRS&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.printrs.com%2Fisbn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/6898.html"><i>ISO 2108:1978</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, ISO, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221010155546/https://www.iso.org/standard/6898.html">archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO+2108%3A1978&rft.pub=ISO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F6898.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%22SBN+345%22&sin=TXT">"Internet Archive Search: "SBN 345"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>archive.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.org&rft.atitle=Internet+Archive+Search%3A+%22SBN+345%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fsearch.php%3Fquery%3D%2522SBN%2B345%2522%26sin%3DTXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaney1974" class="citation book cs1">Haney, Robert (1974). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/woodstockhandmad00robe"><i>Woodstock handmade houses</i></a></span>. David Ballantine, Jonathan Elliott. New York: Ballantine Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-24223-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-24223-8"><bdi>0-345-24223-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2057258">2057258</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200625225043/http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2057258">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woodstock+handmade+houses&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2057258&rft.isbn=0-345-24223-8&rft.aulast=Haney&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwoodstockhandmad00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaneyBallantineElliott1974" class="citation book cs1">Haney, Robert; Ballantine, David; Elliott, Jonathan (1974). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/woodstockhandmad00robe/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>Woodstock Handmade Houses</i></a></span> (1st ed.). Ballantine. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-24223-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-24223-5"><bdi>978-0-345-24223-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2021</span> – via web.archive.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woodstock+Handmade+Houses&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Ballantine&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-345-24223-5&rft.aulast=Haney&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Ballantine%2C+David&rft.au=Elliott%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwoodstockhandmad00robe%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTang2020" class="citation web cs1">Tang, AnJie Broad Law Firm-Tracey (9 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=9bd9f253-2a5e-4a35-8130-4bf1e6876e3c">"China Game Regulatory Authority Seeks to Tighten Game License Rules"</a>. <i>Lexology</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexology&rft.atitle=China+Game+Regulatory+Authority+Seeks+to+Tighten+Game+License+Rules&rft.date=2020-03-09&rft.aulast=Tang&rft.aufirst=AnJie+Broad+Law+Firm-Tracey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexology.com%2Flibrary%2Fdetail.aspx%3Fg%3D9bd9f253-2a5e-4a35-8130-4bf1e6876e3c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Publishers_Association_(IPa)World_Intellectual_Property_Organization2022" class="citation book cs1">International Publishers Association (IPa); World Intellectual Property Organization (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4616&plang=EN"><i>The Global Publishing Industry in 2020</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/WIPO" class="mw-redirect" title="WIPO">WIPO</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.34667%2Ftind.46277">10.34667/tind.46277</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240917125219/https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4616&plang=EN">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Publishing+Industry+in+2020&rft.pub=WIPO&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.34667%2Ftind.46277&rft.au=International+Publishers+Association+%28IPa%29&rft.au=World+Intellectual+Property+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fpublications%2Fen%2Fdetails.jsp%3Fid%3D4616%26plang%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7th_edition_Users'_Manual-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-7th_edition_Users'_Manual_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-7th_edition_Users'_Manual_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-7th_edition_Users'_Manual_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-7th_edition_Users'_Manual_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kb.se/download/18.71dda82e160c04f1cc412bc/1531827912246/ISBN%20International%20Users%20Manual%20-%207th%20edition.pdf"><i>ISBN Users' Manual, International Edition</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (7th ed.). London: International ISBN Agency. 2017. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-95055-12-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-95055-12-4"><bdi>978-92-95055-12-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191211194637/https://www.kb.se/download/18.71dda82e160c04f1cc412bc/1531827912246/ISBN%20International%20Users%20Manual%20-%207th%20edition.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2019</span> – via Kungliga biblioteket.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISBN+Users%27+Manual%2C+International+Edition&rft.place=London&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=International+ISBN+Agency&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-92-95055-12-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kb.se%2Fdownload%2F18.71dda82e160c04f1cc412bc%2F1531827912246%2FISBN%2520International%2520Users%2520Manual%2520-%25207th%2520edition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-range_file_generation-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-range_file_generation_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-range_file_generation_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isbn-international.org/range_file_generation">"ISBN Ranges"</a>. International ISBN Agency. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429101326/https://www.isbn-international.org/range_file_generation">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISBN+Ranges&rft.pub=International+ISBN+Agency&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn-international.org%2Frange_file_generation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200421235618/https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/services/isbn-canada/Pages/isbn-canada.aspx">"ISBN Canada"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">LAC</a>. 17 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/services/isbn-canada/Pages/isbn-canada.aspx">the original</a> on 21 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISBN+Canada&rft.pub=LAC&rft.date=2013-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bac-lac.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fservices%2Fisbn-canada%2FPages%2Fisbn-canada.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isbn-international.org/agencies">"Find an agency"</a>. <i>International ISBN Agency</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200420020626/https://www.isbn-international.org/agencies">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+ISBN+Agency&rft.atitle=Find+an+agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn-international.org%2Fagencies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myidentifiers.com.au/isbn/US_isbn_agency">"About the Australian ISBN Agency"</a>. <a href="/wiki/R._R._Bowker" title="R. R. Bowker">THORPE-Bowker</a> | Identifier Services. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200416201605/https://www.myidentifiers.com.au/isbn/US_isbn_agency">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=About+the+Australian+ISBN+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myidentifiers.com.au%2Fisbn%2FUS_isbn_agency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myidentifiers.com.au/isbn/main">"ISBN"</a>. Thorpe-Bowker Identifier Services. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402074747/https://www.myidentifiers.com.au/isbn/main">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISBN&rft.pub=Thorpe-Bowker+Identifier+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myidentifiers.com.au%2Fisbn%2Fmain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISBN_BR_OLD-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISBN_BR_OLD_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191018035854/http://www.isbn.bn.br/website/tabela-de-precos">"Tabela de preços dos serviços"</a> [Table of service prices] (in Portuguese). <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Brazil" title="National Library of Brazil">Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isbn.bn.br/website/tabela-de-precos">the original</a> on 18 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tabela+de+pre%C3%A7os+dos+servi%C3%A7os&rft.pub=Biblioteca+Nacional+do+Brasil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn.bn.br%2Fwebsite%2Ftabela-de-precos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn-international.org-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isbn-international.org_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isbn-international.org_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isbn-international.org/content/changes-arrangements-isbn-brazil/333">"Changes in arrangements for ISBN in Brazil"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028220210/https://www.isbn-international.org/content/changes-arrangements-isbn-brazil/333">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changes+in+arrangements+for+ISBN+in+Brazil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn-international.org%2Fcontent%2Fchanges-arrangements-isbn-brazil%2F333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISBN_BR-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISBN_BR_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isbn.org.br/">"ISBN Brasil"</a> (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508084634/https://servicos.cbl.org.br/isbn/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISBN+Brasil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn.org.br%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hkpl.gov.hk/en/about-us/services/book-registration/introduction.html">"Introduction to Books Registration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Public_Libraries" title="Hong Kong Public Libraries">HKPL</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200420065651/https://www.hkpl.gov.hk/en/about-us/services/book-registration/introduction.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Books+Registration&rft.pub=HKPL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkpl.gov.hk%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fservices%2Fbook-registration%2Fintroduction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=138686">"Union HRD Minister Smt. Smriti Zubin Irani Launches ISBN Portal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resource_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Human Resource Development">MHRD</a>. 7 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626201908/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=138686">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Union+HRD+Minister+Smt.+Smriti+Zubin+Irani+Launches+ISBN+Portal&rft.pub=MHRD&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Fnewsite%2FPrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D138686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icl.org.il/isbn-eng">"What is an ISBN ?"</a>. <i>ICL – מרכז הספר והספריות</i>. 7 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232205/https://www.icl.org.il/isbn-eng">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICL+%E2%80%93+%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96+%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8+%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA&rft.atitle=What+is+an+ISBN+%3F&rft.date=2015-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icl.org.il%2Fisbn-eng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170524222541/http://www.isbn.it/LAGENZIA.aspx">"ISBN – Chi siamo e contatti"</a> [ISBN – Who we are and contacts] (in Italian). EDISER srl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isbn.it/LAGENZIA.aspx">the original</a> on 24 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISBN+%E2%80%93+Chi+siamo+e+contatti&rft.pub=EDISER+srl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn.it%2FLAGENZIA.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ediser-tariffs-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ediser-tariffs_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isbn.it/TARIFFE.aspx">"ISBN – Tariffe Servizi ISBN"</a> [ISBN Service Tariffs] (in Italian). EDISER srl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103161540/http://www.isbn.it/TARIFFE.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISBN+%E2%80%93+Tariffe+Servizi+ISBN&rft.pub=EDISER+srl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn.it%2FTARIFFE.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161023123140/http://ktieb.org.mt/?page_id=22">"ISBN"</a>. Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ktieb. 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ktieb.org.mt/?page_id=22">the original</a> on 23 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISBN&rft.pub=Kunsill+Nazzjonali+tal-Ktieb&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fktieb.org.mt%2F%3Fpage_id%3D22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ktieb.org.mt/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Manwal-ghall-Utenti-tal-ISBN-Maltese.pdf"><i>Manwal ghall-Utenti tal-ISBN</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Maltese) (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>: Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ktieb. 2016. pp. 1–40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99957-889-4-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-99957-889-4-0"><bdi>978-99957-889-4-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817083617/http://ktieb.org.mt/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Manwal-ghall-Utenti-tal-ISBN">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manwal+ghall-Utenti+tal-ISBN&rft.place=Malta&rft.pages=1-40&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Kunsill+Nazzjonali+tal-Ktieb&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-99957-889-4-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fktieb.org.mt%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F02%2FManwal-ghall-Utenti-tal-ISBN-Maltese.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161123220053/https://govcms.gov.mt/en/Government/Government%20Gazette/Documents/2015/01/Government%20Gazette%20-%2023%20January.pdf">"Gazzetta tal-Gvern ta' Malta"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government Gazette. 23 January 2015. p. 582. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://govcms.gov.mt/en/Government/Government%20Gazette/Documents/2015/01/Government%20Gazette%20-%2023%20January.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gazzetta+tal-Gvern+ta%27+Malta&rft.pages=582&rft.pub=Government+Gazette&rft.date=2015-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgovcms.gov.mt%2Fen%2FGovernment%2FGovernment%2520Gazette%2FDocuments%2F2015%2F01%2FGovernment%2520Gazette%2520-%252023%2520January.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NLNZ-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NLNZ_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://natlib.govt.nz/publishers-and-authors/isbns-issns-and-ismns">"ISBNs, ISSNs, and ISMNs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_New_Zealand" title="National Library of New Zealand">National Library of New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423113348/https://natlib.govt.nz/publishers-and-authors/isbns-issns-and-ismns">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISBNs%2C+ISSNs%2C+and+ISMNs&rft.pub=National+Library+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnatlib.govt.nz%2Fpublishers-and-authors%2Fisbns-issns-and-ismns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.nlp.gov.ph/nlp/?q=node%2F645">"International Standard Book Number"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Philippines" title="National Library of the Philippines">NLP</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200419212749/http://web.nlp.gov.ph/nlp/?q=node%2F645">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Standard+Book+Number&rft.pub=NLP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.nlp.gov.ph%2Fnlp%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%252F645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200419234147/http://ekygm.gov.tr/isbn.html">"ISBN – Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Kütüphaneler ve Yayımlar Genel Müdürlüğü OS"</a>. <i>ekygm.gov.tr</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ekygm.gov.tr/isbn.html">the original</a> on 19 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ekygm.gov.tr&rft.atitle=ISBN+%E2%80%93+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr+ve+Turizm+Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1+K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphaneler+ve+Yay%C4%B1mlar+Genel+M%C3%BCd%C3%BCrl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC+OS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fekygm.gov.tr%2Fisbn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nielsenisbnstore.com/">"Nielsen UK ISBN Agency"</a>. Nielsen UK ISBN Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029082349/http://www.nielsenisbnstore.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nielsen+UK+ISBN+Agency&rft.pub=Nielsen+UK+ISBN+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nielsenisbnstore.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bowker.com/en-US/products/servident_isbn.shtml">"Bowker – ISBN"</a>. R. R. Bowker. 8 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331032631/http://www.bowker.com/en-US/products/servident_isbn.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bowker+%E2%80%93+ISBN&rft.pub=R.+R.+Bowker&rft.date=2013-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bowker.com%2Fen-US%2Fproducts%2Fservident_isbn.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISBN_Ranges-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISBN_Ranges_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isbn-international.org/range_file_generation">"ISBN Ranges"</a>. <i>isbn-international.org</i>. 29 April 2014. Select the format you desire and click on the Generate button. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429101326/https://www.isbn-international.org/range_file_generation">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=isbn-international.org&rft.atitle=ISBN+Ranges&rft.pages=Select+the+format+you+desire+and+click+on+the+Generate+button&rft.date=2014-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn-international.org%2Frange_file_generation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isbn-international.org/range_file_generation">a complete list of group identifiers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429101326/https://www.isbn-international.org/range_file_generation">Archived</a> 29 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. ISBN.org sometimes calls them <i>group numbers</i>. Their table of identifiers now refers to <i>ISBN prefix ranges</i>, which must be assumed to be group identifier ranges.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHailman2008" class="citation book cs1">Hailman, Jack Parker (2008). <i>Coding and redundancy: man-made and animal-evolved signals</i>. Harvard University Press. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02795-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02795-4"><bdi>978-0-674-02795-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coding+and+redundancy%3A+man-made+and+animal-evolved+signals&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02795-4&rft.aulast=Hailman&rft.aufirst=Jack+Parker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6th_edition_Users'_Manual-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6th_edition_Users'_Manual_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isbn-international.org/sites/default/files/ISBN%20Manual%202012%20-corr.pdf"><i>ISBN Users' Manual, International Edition</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (6th ed.). London: International ISBN Agency. 2012. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-95055-02-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-95055-02-5"><bdi>978-92-95055-02-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429101742/https://www.isbn-international.org/sites/default/files/ISBN%20Manual%202012%20-corr.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISBN+Users%27+Manual%2C+International+Edition&rft.place=London&rft.pages=23&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=International+ISBN+Agency&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-92-95055-02-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn-international.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FISBN%2520Manual%25202012%2520-corr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C4WDefault-5691881-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-C4WDefault-5691881_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_ISBN_Agency2014" class="citation web cs1">International ISBN Agency (5 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isbn-international.org/export_rangemessagebyprefix.pdf">"International ISBN Agency – Range Message (pdf sorted by prefix)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>isbn-international.org</i>. p. 29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141229084400/https://www.isbn-international.org/export_rangemessagebyprefix.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=isbn-international.org&rft.atitle=International+ISBN+Agency+%E2%80%93+Range+Message+%28pdf+sorted+by+prefix%29&rft.pages=29&rft.date=2014-12-05&rft.au=International+ISBN+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn-international.org%2Fexport_rangemessagebyprefix.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waterstones.com/help/independent-publishers/48">"Independent Publishers"</a>. <i>Waterstones</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200109085858/https://www.waterstones.com/help/independent-publishers/48">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2020</span>. <q>Before submitting any titles to our central buying team for consideration, your book must have the following: An ISBN...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Waterstones&rft.atitle=Independent+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterstones.com%2Fhelp%2Findependent-publishers%2F48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.barnesandnoble.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/1262/~/how-to-obtain-an-isbn">"How to obtain an ISBN"</a>. <i>Barnes & Noble</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202204227/https://help.barnesandnoble.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/1262/~/how-to-obtain-an-isbn">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2020</span>. <q>We use ISBNs to track inventory and sales information. All books Barnes & Noble transacts on must have an ISBN.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.atitle=How+to+obtain+an+ISBN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.barnesandnoble.com%2Fapp%2Fanswers%2Fdetail%2Fa_id%2F1262%2F~%2Fhow-to-obtain-an-isbn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sellercentral.amazon.com/gp/help/external/200786200">"Product ID (GTIN) requirements for Books"</a>. <i>Amazon.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202211553/https://sellercentral.amazon.com/gp/help/external/200786200">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2020</span>. <q>Effective June 1, 2017, you must provide an ISBN, EAN, or JAN to list a book in the Amazon catalog, regardless of the book's publication date.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amazon.com&rft.atitle=Product+ID+%28GTIN%29+requirements+for+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsellercentral.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fhelp%2Fexternal%2F200786200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221115070135/https://www.isbn-international.org/content/global-register-publishers">"Global Register of Publishers"</a>. International ISBN Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isbn-international.org/content/global-register-publishers">the original</a> on 15 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Register+of+Publishers&rft.pub=International+ISBN+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn-international.org%2Fcontent%2Fglobal-register-publishers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSplane2002" class="citation book cs1">Splane, Lily (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/54527545"><i>The book book : a complete guide to creating a book on your computer</i></a> (2nd ed.). San Diego, Calif.: Anaphase II. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-945962-14-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-945962-14-2"><bdi>0-945962-14-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54527545">54527545</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+book+book+%3A+a+complete+guide+to+creating+a+book+on+your+computer&rft.place=San+Diego%2C+Calif.&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Anaphase+II&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54527545&rft.isbn=0-945962-14-2&rft.aulast=Splane&rft.aufirst=Lily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F54527545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130522043458/http://www.isbn.org/standards/home/isbn/international/html/usm4.htm">"ISBN Users' Manual (2001 edition) – 4. Structure of ISBN"</a>. International ISBN Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isbn.org/standards/home/isbn/international/html/usm4.htm">the original</a> on 22 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISBN+Users%27+Manual+%282001+edition%29+%E2%80%93+4.+Structure+of+ISBN&rft.pub=International+ISBN+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn.org%2Fstandards%2Fhome%2Fisbn%2Finternational%2Fhtml%2Fusm4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, <i>I'saka: a sketch grammar of a language of north-central New Guinea.</i> Pacific Linguistics. ISBN "0-85883-554-4".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorimerShoichetMaxwell2005" class="citation book cs1">Lorimer, Rowland; Shoichet, Jillian; Maxwell, John W. (2005). <i>Book Publishing I</i>. CCSP Press. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9738727-0-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9738727-0-5"><bdi>978-0-9738727-0-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+Publishing+I&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=CCSP+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-9738727-0-5&rft.aulast=Lorimer&rft.aufirst=Rowland&rft.au=Shoichet%2C+Jillian&rft.au=Maxwell%2C+John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bd020.html">"020 – International Standard Book Number (R) – MARC 21 Bibliographic – Full"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105045654/http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bd020.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=020+%E2%80%93+International+Standard+Book+Number+%28R%29+%E2%80%93+MARC+21+Bibliographic+%E2%80%93+Full&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fmarc%2Fbibliographic%2Fbd020.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501074452/http://xisbn.worldcat.org/xisbnadmin/xoclcnum/index.htm">"xISBN (Web service)"</a>. Xisbn.worldcat.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xisbn.worldcat.org/xisbnadmin/xoclcnum/index.htm">the original</a> on 1 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=xISBN+%28Web+service%29&rft.pub=Xisbn.worldcat.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxisbn.worldcat.org%2Fxisbnadmin%2Fxoclcnum%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sellbox.com/myth-eisbn-every-ebook-edition-needs-unique-number/">"The Myth of the eISBN Why Every eBook Edition Needs a Unique Number – Publishing services for self publishing authors and businesses"</a>. <i>Publishing services for self publishing authors and businesses</i>. 28 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221010155538/https://www.sellbox.com/myth-eisbn-every-ebook-edition-needs-unique-number/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publishing+services+for+self+publishing+authors+and+businesses&rft.atitle=The+Myth+of+the+eISBN+Why+Every+eBook+Edition+Needs+a+Unique+Number+%E2%80%93+Publishing+services+for+self+publishing+authors+and+businesses&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sellbox.com%2Fmyth-eisbn-every-ebook-edition-needs-unique-number%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140416211950/http://www.isbn-us.com/blog/2014/03/12/isbn-information-frequently-asked-questions/"><i>Frequently asked questions</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a>: ISBN, 12 March 2014, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isbn-us.com/blog/2014/03/12/isbn-information-frequently-asked-questions/">the original</a> on 16 April 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frequently+asked+questions&rft.place=US&rft.pub=ISBN&rft.date=2014-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn-us.com%2Fblog%2F2014%2F03%2F12%2Fisbn-information-frequently-asked-questions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span> – including a detailed description of the EAN-13 format.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070410204507/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/iso/tc46sc9/isbn.htm">"ISBN"</a>, <i>ISO TC49SC9</i> (FAQ), <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">CA</a>: Collections, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectionscanada.ca/iso/tc46sc9/isbn.htm">the original</a> on 10 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2004</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ISBN&rft.btitle=ISO+TC49SC9&rft.place=CA&rft.pub=Collections&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.ca%2Fiso%2Ftc46sc9%2Fisbn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isbn.org/standards/home/isbn/transition.asp">"Are You Ready for ISBN-13?"</a>, <i>Standards</i>, ISBN, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080831082318/http://www.isbn.org/standards/home/isbn/transition.asp">archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2005</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Are+You+Ready+for+ISBN-13%3F&rft.btitle=Standards&rft.pub=ISBN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isbn.org%2Fstandards%2Fhome%2Fisbn%2Ftransition.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the properties: <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P957" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P957">ISBN-10 (P957)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP957%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P957%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P212" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P212">ISBN-13 (P212)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP212%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P212%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>ISBN</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ISBN" class="extiw" title="wikt:ISBN">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:ISBN" class="extiw" title="c:Category:ISBN">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33057" class="extiw" title="d:Q33057">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/27px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/41px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/54px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:ISBN" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:ISBN">Documentation</a> from MediaWiki</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/65483.html">ISO 2108:2017 – International Standard Book Number (ISBN)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isbn-international.org/">International ISBN Agency</a> – coordinates and supervises the worldwide use of the ISBN system <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isbn-international.org/range_file_generation">Numerical List of Group Identifiers</a> – List of language/region prefixes</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isbn.org/ISBN_converter">Free conversion tool: ISBN-10 to ISBN-13 and ISBN-13 to ISBN-10</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isbn.org/">ISBN agency</a>. Also shows correct hyphenation and verifies if ISBNs are valid or not.</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040912203458/http://www.isbn-international.org/en/download/implementation-guidelines-04.pdf">"Guidelines for the Implementation of 13-Digit ISBNs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isbn-international.org/en/download/implementation-guidelines-04.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 September 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guidelines+for+the+Implementation+of+13-Digit+ISBNs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisbn-international.org%2Fen%2Fdownload%2Fimplementation-guidelines-04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISBN" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3187">3187</a> – Using International Standard Book Numbers as <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Name" title="Uniform Resource Name">Uniform Resource Names</a> (URN)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/programs/preassigned-control-number/isbn-converter/">Worldwide Auto-Converter at Library of Congress</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_numbering_standards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:International_numbering_standards" title="Template:International numbering standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_numbering_standards" title="Template talk:International numbering standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_numbering_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International numbering standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_numbering_standards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">International numbering standards</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Standards</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ul><li>ISO 2108: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Standard Book Number</a> (ISBN)</li> <li>ISO 3297: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">International Standard Serial Number</a> (ISSN)</li> <li>ISO 3901: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">International Standard Recording Code</a> (ISRC)</li> <li>ISO 6166: <a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">International Securities Identification Number</a> (ISIN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">ISO/IEC 7812</a>: Issuer Identification Number (IIN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9362" title="ISO 9362">ISO 9362</a>: Business Entity Identifier (BIC)</li> <li>ISO 10957: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">International Standard Music Number</a> (ISMN)</li> <li>ISO 13616: <a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">International Bank Account Number</a> (IBAN)</li> <li>ISO 15511: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">International Standard Identifier for Libraries...</a> (ISIL)</li> <li>ISO 15706: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">International Standard Audiovisual Number</a> (ISAN)</li> <li>ISO 15707: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Musical_Work_Code" title="International Standard Musical Work Code">International Standard Musical Work Code</a> (ISWC)</li> <li>ISO 17316: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Link_Identifier" title="International Standard Link Identifier">International Standard Link Identifier</a> (ISLI)</li> <li>ISO 17442: <a href="/wiki/Legal_Entity_Identifier" title="Legal Entity Identifier">Legal Entity Identifier</a> (LEI)</li> <li>ISO 21047: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" title="International Standard Text Code">International Standard Text Code</a> (ISTC)</li> <li>ISO 26324: <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">Digital Object Identifier</a> System (DOI)</li> <li>ISO 27729: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a> (ISNI)</li> <li>ISO 27730: International Standard Collection Identifier (ISCI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAE_number" title="CAE number"> CAE</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interested_Parties_Information" title="Interested Parties Information">IPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a> (VIAF)</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO_standards" title="Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ISO_standards" title="Template talk:ISO standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ISO_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> standards <span class="nobold">by standard number</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">ISO standards</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO romanizations</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–9999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2" title="ISO 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31" title="ISO 31">31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-0" title="ISO 31-0">-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-3" title="ISO 31-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-4" title="ISO 31-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-5" title="ISO 31-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-6" title="ISO 31-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-7" title="ISO 31-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-8" title="ISO 31-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-10" title="ISO 31-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-11" title="ISO 31-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-13" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-13">-13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">68-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_217" title="ISO 217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-loudness_contour" title="Equal-loudness contour">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_number" title="Kappa number">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicat_softening_point" title="Vicat softening point">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_symbol#Ionizing_radiation_symbol" title="Hazard symbol">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prontor-Compur" title="Prontor-Compur">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">639</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_657" title="ISO 657">657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_668" title="ISO 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_690" title="ISO 690">690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_704" title="ISO 704">704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_732" title="ISO 732">732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimagnetic_watch" title="Antimagnetic watch">764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_punch" title="Hole punch">838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_843" title="ISO 843">843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_860" title="ISO 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_898" title="ISO 898">898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_965" title="ISO 965">965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_999" title="ISO 999">999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1000" title="ISO 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">1004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">1007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-A" title="OCR-A">1073-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-B" title="OCR-B">1073-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_redundancy_check" title="Longitudinal redundancy check">1155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock-resistant_watch#ISO_1413_shock-resistant_standard" title="Shock-resistant watch">1413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1629" title="ISO 1629">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1745" title="ISO 1745">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2014" title="ISO 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2015" title="ISO 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2047" title="ISO 2047">2047</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2145" title="ISO 2145">2145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2146" title="ISO 2146">2146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">2281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere" title="International Standard Atmosphere">2533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2709" title="ISO 2709">2709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2711" title="ISO 2711">2711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2788" title="ISO 2788">2788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2848" title="ISO 2848">2848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2852" title="ISO 2852">2852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2921" title="ISO 2921">2921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">3029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">3103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">3166</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-3" title="ISO 3166-3">-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">3297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3307" title="ISO 3307">3307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">3601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">3602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3864" title="ISO 3864">3864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">3901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDI_World_Dental_Federation_notation" title="FDI World Dental Federation notation">3950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3977" title="ISO 3977">3977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4031" title="ISO 4031">4031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4157" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 4157">4157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4165" title="ISO 4165">4165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">4217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision" title="Accuracy and precision">5725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5775" title="ISO 5775">5775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5776" title="ISO 5776">5776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">5800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">5807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5964" title="ISO 5964">5964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">6166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6344" title="ISO 6344">6344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6346" title="ISO 6346">6346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">6373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6385" title="ISO 6385">6385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">6425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">6709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6943" title="ISO 6943">6943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7001" title="ISO 7001">7001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7002" title="ISO 7002">7002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7010" title="ISO 7010">7010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7027" title="ISO 7027">7027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7064" title="ISO/IEC 7064">7064</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">7098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">7185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7200" title="ISO 7200">7200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">7498</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7637" title="ISO 7637">7637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7736" title="ISO 7736">7736</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8000" title="ISO 8000">8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">8093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8178" title="ISO 8178">8178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">8217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8373" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8373">8373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8501-1" title="ISO 8501-1">8501-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTAM" title="FTAM">8571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8583" title="ISO 8583">8583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8691" title="ISO 8691">8691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8805/8806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Of_Temporal_Ordering_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification">8807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuse (automotive)">8820-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-8-I" title="ISO-8859-8-I">-8-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">8879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9000">9000/9001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">9036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">9075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">9141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_spray_test" title="Salt spray test">9227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9241" title="ISO 9241">9241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface" title="Fiber Distributed Data Interface">9314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9362" title="ISO 9362">9362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">9407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Message_Specification" title="Manufacturing Message Specification">9506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9564" title="ISO 9564">9564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592/9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.500" title="X.500">9594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9797-1" title="ISO/IEC 9797-1">9797-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9897" title="ISO 9897">9897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">9984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">9985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10000–19999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10006" title="ISO 10006">10006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10007" title="ISO 10007">10007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_(hash_function)" title="Whirlpool (hash function)">10118-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10160" title="ISO 10160">10160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10161" title="ISO 10161">10161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)#ISO/IEC_10206:1990_Extended_Pascal" title="Pascal (programming language)">10206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10218" title="ISO 10218">10218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">10303</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)" title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-21" title="ISO 10303-21">-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-22" title="ISO 10303-22">-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-28" title="ISO 10303-28">-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">-238</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Identifier_Code" title="Market Identifier Code">10383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">10585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS">10589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10628" title="ISO 10628">10628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">10664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-ODP" title="RM-ODP">10746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">10861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">10957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10962" title="ISO 10962">10962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEEE_11073" title="ISO/IEEE 11073">11073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11170" title="ISO 11170">11170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11783" title="ISO 11783">11783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module" title="Trusted Platform Module">11889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAN_bus#CAN_lower-layer_standards" title="CAN bus">11898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">11940</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_11940-2" title="ISO 11940-2">-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941 (TR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11992" title="ISO 11992">11992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_12006" title="ISO 12006">12006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM">12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_TR_12182" title="ISO/IEC TR 12182">12182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">12234-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_categories#ISO_12620_(ISO_TC37_Data_Category_Registry,_ISOcat)" title="Linguistic categories">12620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">13211</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isofix" title="Isofix">13216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13399" title="ISO 13399">13399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13406-2" title="ISO 13406-2">13406-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">13450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13485" title="ISO 13485">13485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13567" title="ISO 13567">13567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13584" title="ISO 13584">13584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">13616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 14000">14000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14031" title="ISO 14031">14031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14224" title="ISO 14224">14224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/UA" title="PDF/UA">14289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">14396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14617" title="ISO 14617">14617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14644" title="ISO 14644">14644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">14649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14698" title="ISO 14698">14698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">14764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14971" title="ISO 14971">14971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15022" title="ISO 15022">15022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15189" title="ISO 15189">15189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15398" title="ISO 15398">15398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPIP" title="JPIP">-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417" title="PDF417">15438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15686" title="ISO 15686">15686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">15706</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Musical_Work_Code" title="International Standard Musical Work Code">15707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">15919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">15924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926" title="ISO 15926">15926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926_WIP" title="ISO 15926 WIP">15926 WIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/X" title="PDF/X">15930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">16023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_function_deployment" title="Quality function deployment">16355-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/VT" title="PDF/VT">16612-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_16750" title="ISO 16750">16750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IATF_16949" title="IATF 16949">16949 (TS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_17100" title="ISO 17100">17100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format" title="Open Virtualization Format">17203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDMX" title="SDMX">17369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Entity_Identifier" title="Legal Entity Identifier">17442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COLLADA" title="COLLADA">17506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">17799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_18245" title="ISO 18245">18245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Specification_Language" title="Process Specification Language">18629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_Activity_Test" title="Photographic Activity Test">18916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/A" title="PDF/A">19005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19011" title="ISO 19011">19011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">19092</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-2">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19114" title="ISO 19114">19114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_metadata#ISO_19115:_Geographic_information_–_Metadata" title="Geospatial metadata">19115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Features" title="Simple Features">19125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language#ISO_19136" title="Geography Markup Language">19136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">19407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19439" title="ISO 19439">19439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Object_Request_Broker_Architecture" title="Common Object Request Broker Architecture">19500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel" title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel">19506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Constraint_Language" title="Object Constraint Language">19507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation" title="Business Process Model and Notation">19510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19600" title="ISO 19600">19600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">19775-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19794-5" title="ISO/IEC 19794-5">19794-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Infrastructure_Management_Interface" title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface">19831</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20000–29999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20022" title="ISO 20022">20022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20121" title="ISO 20121">20121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20400" title="ISO 20400">20400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xin_code" title="Han Xin code">20830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21001" title="ISO 21001">21001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" title="International Standard Text Code">21047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">21122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21500" title="ISO 21500">21500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">22000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22300" title="ISO 22300">22300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22301" title="ISO 22301">22301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22395" title="ISO 22395">22395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">23009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">23090-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">23092</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">23094-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">23094-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">23271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code">23941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/E" title="PDF/E">24517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexical_Markup_Framework" title="Lexical Markup Framework">24613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-TimeML" title="ISO-TimeML">24617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroPDF417" title="MicroPDF417">24728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25178" title="ISO 25178">25178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25964" title="ISO 25964">25964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26000" title="ISO 26000">26000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26262" title="ISO 26262">26262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">26324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">27001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27005" title="ISO/IEC 27005">27005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27006" title="ISO/IEC 27006">27006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">27729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_28000" title="ISO 28000">28000</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">29148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">29199-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">29500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">30170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">31000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">32000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_37001" title="ISO 37001">37001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">40500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_50001" title="ISO 50001">50001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_55000" title="ISO 55000">55000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_56000" title="ISO 56000">56000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_standards" title="Category:ISO standards">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Books" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Books" title="Template:Books"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books" title="Template talk:Books"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Books" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Binding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_cover" title="Book cover">Covers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dust_jacket" title="Dust jacket">dust jackets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_illustration" title="Book illustration">Illustration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscripts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edition_(book)" title="Edition (book)">edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_printing" title="History of printing">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incunable" title="Incunable">incunabula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_book" title="Instant book">instant book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited-edition_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited-edition book">limited edition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advance_copy" title="Advance copy">advance copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">hardcover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_size" title="Book size">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_(bibliography)" title="Volume (bibliography)">Volume (bibliography)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_(publishing)" title="Collection (publishing)">Collection (publishing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_series" title="Book series">Book series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumption</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literary_award" title="Literary award">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestseller" title="Bestseller">Bestsellers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_books" title="List of best-selling books">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography" title="Bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliomania" title="Bibliomania">Bibliomania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tsundoku" title="Tsundoku">tsundoku</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliophilia" title="Bibliophilia">Bibliophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotherapy" title="Bibliotherapy">Bibliotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookmark" title="Bookmark">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookselling" title="Bookselling">Bookselling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blurb" title="Blurb">blurbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_town" title="Book town">book towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bookselling" title="History of bookselling">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Used_book" title="Used book">used</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_censorship" title="Book censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_discussion_club" title="Book discussion club">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_collecting" title="Book collecting">Collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_scanning" title="Book scanning">Digitizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookworm_(insect)" title="Bookworm (insect)">Bookworm (insect)</a></li> <li>Furniture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookcase" title="Bookcase">bookcases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookend" title="Bookend">bookends</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_culture" title="Print culture">Print culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading" title="Reading">Reading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_review" title="Book review">Reviews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Brazil" title="Books in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_France" title="Books in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Germany" title="Books in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Italy" title="Books in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was%C5%8Dbon" title="Wasōbon">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_Netherlands" title="Books in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_and_publishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Books and publishing in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Spain" title="Books in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Books in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_United_States" title="Books in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Genres <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_book" title="Fictional book">fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_book" title="Miniature book">miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-up_book" title="Pop-up book">pop-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textbook" title="Textbook">textbook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoire" title="Grimoire">Grimoire</a></li> <li>Formats <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiobook" title="Audiobook">audiobooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebook" title="Ebook">Ebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folio" title="Folio">Folio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_table_book" title="Coffee table book">Coffee table book</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_banned_books" title="Lists of banned books">Banned books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">Book burning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_book-burning_incidents" title="List of book-burning incidents">incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_book_burnings" title="Nazi book burnings">Nazi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_curse" title="Book curse">Book curses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_packaging" title="Book packaging">Book packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_swapping" title="Book swapping">Book swapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_tour" title="Book tour">Book tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_books,_manuscripts,_documents_and_ephemera" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera">Conservation and restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_ears" title="Dog ears">Dog ears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scroll" title="Scroll">scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ISBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_books" title="Outline of books">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_(library_and_archive)" title="Preservation (library and archive)">Preservation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philobiblon" title="The Philobiblon">The Philobiblon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Day" title="World Book Day">World Book Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Capital" title="World Book Capital">World Book Capital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_books" title="Outline of books">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Books" title="Category:Books">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Books" title="Portal:Books">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33057#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33057#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33057#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/976686/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4072934-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="International Standard Book Numbers"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85067449">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119466343">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119466343">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575287">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="mezinárodní standardní číslo knihy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph263245&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX535036">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007558031805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISBN&oldid=1259595019">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISBN&oldid=1259595019</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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