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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mamelukk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 75 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamelukk" title="Mamelukk – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mamelukk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mameluk" title="Mameluk – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mameluk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluker" title="Mamluker – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mamluker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maml%C3%BAki" title="Mamlúki – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mamlúki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mameluk" title="Mameluk – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mameluk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mameluken" title="Mameluken – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mameluken" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_(%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE)" title="مملوك (تاريخ) – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملوك (تاريخ)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamelucu" title="Mamelucu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mamelucu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99ml%C3%BCkl%C9%99r" title="Məmlüklər – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məmlüklər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="مملوک – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مملوک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95" title="মামলুক – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মামলুক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мәмлүктәр – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәмлүктәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Мамелюци – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мамелюци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memluci" title="Memluci – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Memluci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamlouked" title="Mamlouked – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mamlouked" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamelucs" title="Mamelucs – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mamelucs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maml%C3%BAci" title="Mamlúci – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mamlúci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluken" title="Mamluken – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mamluken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamelukid" title="Mamelukid – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mamelukid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Μαμελούκοι – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαμελούκοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mamluk" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mameluco" title="Mameluco – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mameluco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamlukoj" title="Mamlukoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mamlukoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mameluko" title="Mameluko – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mameluko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="مملوک – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مملوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamelouk" title="Mamelouk – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mamelouk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamal%C3%BAcach" title="Mamalúcach – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mamalúcach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mameluco" title="Mameluco – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mameluco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%98%EB%A3%A8%ED%81%AC" title="맘루크 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="맘루크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մամլուքներ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մամլուքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mameluci" title="Mameluci – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mameluci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mamluk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamelucchi" title="Mamelucchi – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mamelucchi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ממלוכים – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממלוכים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მამლუქები – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მამლუქები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мәмлүктер – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мәмлүктер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meml%C3%BBk" title="Memlûk – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Memlûk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мамлюктар – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мамлюктар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluci" title="Mamluci – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mamluci" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mameluks" title="Mameluks – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mameluks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mameliukai" title="Mameliukai – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mameliukai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluc" title="Mamluc – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mamluc" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maml%C3%BAk" title="Mamlúk – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mamlúk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83" title="مملوك – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مملوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mamluk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammelukken" title="Mammelukken – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mammelukken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95" title="मम्लुक – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मम्लुक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="マムルーク – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マムルーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamelocs" title="Mamelocs – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mamelocs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluklar" title="Mamluklar – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mamluklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%95" title="ਮਮਲੂਕ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਮਲੂਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="مملوک – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مملوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamelucy" title="Mamelucy – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mamelucy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamelucos" title="Mamelucos – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mamelucos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Mameluc%C4%83" title="Dinastia Mamelucă – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dinastia Mamelucă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Мамлюки – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мамлюки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mamluk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk%C3%ABt" title="Mamlukët – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mamlukët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammaluccu" title="Mammaluccu – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mammaluccu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mamluk" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mameluki" title="Mameluki – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mameluki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawladii_Mamaaliikta" title="Dawladii Mamaaliikta – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dawladii Mamaaliikta" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Мамелуци – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мамелуци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mameluci" title="Mameluci – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mameluci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamelukit" title="Mamelukit – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mamelukit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="மம்லூக் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மம்லூக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мәмлүкләр – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәмлүкләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81" title="มัมลูก – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มัมลูก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meml%C3%BBk" title="Memlûk – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Memlûk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Мамелюки – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мамелюки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="مملوک – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مملوک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mamluk" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%A9%86%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B" title="马穆鲁克 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马穆鲁克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%9C%A8%E7%95%99%E5%85%8B" title="馬木留克 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬木留克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%A9%86%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B" title="马穆鲁克 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马穆鲁克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q947784#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mamelukk" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Mamelukk" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mamelukk"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mamelukk"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Mamelukk" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Mamelukk" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&oldid=24783383" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Mamelukk&id=24783383&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMamelukk"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMamelukk"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mamelukk&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mamluks" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q947784" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>Denne artikkelen handler om mamelukkene. Se <a href="/wiki/Mamelukk_(klesplagg)" title="Mamelukk (klesplagg)">Mamelukk (klesplagg)</a> for å lese om underbuksene.</i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Siege_of_Tripoli_Painting_(1289).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Siege_of_Tripoli_Painting_%281289%29.jpg/250px-Siege_of_Tripoli_Painting_%281289%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="396" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Siege_of_Tripoli_Painting_%281289%29.jpg/375px-Siege_of_Tripoli_Painting_%281289%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Siege_of_Tripoli_Painting_%281289%29.jpg/500px-Siege_of_Tripoli_Painting_%281289%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="2725" /></a><figcaption>Middelalder-maleri av mamelukkenes beleiring av <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_(Libanon)" title="Tripoli (Libanon)">Tripoli</a> i <a href="/wiki/1289" title="1289">1289</a>. Mamelukkene var opprinnelig tyrkiske slavesoldater som dannet en herskerklasse i Egypt fra 1250 til 1517</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:DisasterOfMari1266.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/DisasterOfMari1266.JPG/250px-DisasterOfMari1266.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/DisasterOfMari1266.JPG/375px-DisasterOfMari1266.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/DisasterOfMari1266.JPG/500px-DisasterOfMari1266.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption>Bokillustrasjon fra 1400-tallet som viser mamelukkene som beseirer <a href="/wiki/Armenerne" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenerne">armenerne</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Mari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget ved Mari (ikke skrevet ennå)">slaget ved Mari</a> i <a href="/wiki/1266" title="1266">1266</a>. Den ene av sønnene til den armenske kongen <a href="/wiki/Hethum_I" title="Hethum I">Hethum I</a> blir drept, mens en annen, den framtidige kong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_III_av_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo III av Armenia (ikke skrevet ennå)">Leo III av Armenia</a>, blir tatt til fange.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mamelukk</b> (på <a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">arabisk</a> skrevet مملوك (i entall) og مماليك (i flertall), «eid», også transkribert som <i>mamluk</i>, <i>mameluk</i>, <i>mameluke</i>, <i>mamaluke</i> og <i>mamluke</i>) var en type livvaktsoldater og militær herskerklasse av tyrkisk eller <a href="/wiki/Tsjerkessere" title="Tsjerkessere">tsjerkessisk</a> opphav som virket i blant annet <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> fra <a href="/wiki/1100-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1100-tallet">1100-tallet</a> til omkring 1800. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Mamelukksultanatet" title="Mamelukksultanatet">Mamelukksultanatet</a> </p> </div> <p>Det mest varige mamelukkregimet var den militær kavalerikasten i Egypt i middelalderen, som hadde utviklet seg fra rangen som slaver og soldater. De opprinnelige mamelukkene var <a href="/wiki/Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">slave</a>-soldater av ikke-<a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">arabisk</a> herkomst som frivillig og under tvang omvendte seg til <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>, og som tjente som ridende <a href="/wiki/Livvakt" title="Livvakt">livvakt</a> for de <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">muslimske</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif">kalifene</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultanene</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ajjubidedynastiet" title="Ajjubidedynastiet">Ajjubidedynastiet</a> på 1100- og <a href="/wiki/1200-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1200-tallet">1200-tallet</a>. Mamelukkene utviklet seg til en stor hær og mektig <a href="/wiki/Kaste" title="Kaste">krigerklasse</a> som blant annet ble herskere over Mamelukksultanatet, et <a href="/wiki/Imperium" title="Imperium">imperium</a> de etablerte i <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> og <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> fra <a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">1250</a> til <a href="/wiki/1517" title="1517">1517</a>. Mamelukkene fortsatte å være den dominerende eliten i Egypt under <a href="/wiki/Det_osmanske_riket" class="mw-redirect" title="Det osmanske riket">Det osmanske rikets</a> overherredømme fram til den franske generalen <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> invaderte landet i <a href="/wiki/1798" title="1798">1798</a>. </p><p>Ettersom islamsk rett forbød at den som var født muslim ble gjort til slave var man nødt til å skaffe slaver fra fortsatt ikke-islamske områder som blant annet <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Sør-Russland</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus">Kaukasus</a>. Disse slaver ble utdannet til soldater og kalt <i>mamluker</i> (ordrett <i>eiede</i>). Mange av dem steg i gradene og hadde høye embeter både i hæren og forvaltningen. Deres etniske opprinnelse var hovedsakelig tidligere <a href="/wiki/Tyrkere" title="Tyrkere">tyrkiske</a> slaver,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> egyptiske <a href="/wiki/Koptere" title="Koptere">koptere</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tsjerkessere" title="Tsjerkessere">tsjerkessere</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-McGregor_15_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGregor_15-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> abkasere<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">georgiere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I tillegg hadde mange også opprinnelse fra Balkan, albanere, grekere og sør-slavere.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mamelukkene var formidable krigere, ettersom de var trent fra barndommen av, og en slik hær klarte å forsvare Egypt mot en mongolsk invasjonshær (dette var etter Djengis Khan). </p><p>Også i Nord-India fantes det fra 1200- til <a href="/wiki/1400-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1400-tallet">1400-tallet</a> <a href="/wiki/Dynasti" title="Dynasti">dynastier</a> av fryktede, tyrkiske mamelukker. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="font-size:95%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mamluk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Osmansk mamelukk i Egypt i 1779, iført vanlig krigerdrakt med vide bukser, sid jakke og høy fess."><img alt="Osmansk mamelukk i Egypt i 1779, iført vanlig krigerdrakt med vide bukser, sid jakke og høy fess." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mamluk.jpg/118px-Mamluk.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mamluk.jpg/177px-Mamluk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mamluk.jpg/236px-Mamluk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="501" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Osmanere" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanere">Osmansk</a> mamelukk i <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> i 1779, iført vanlig krigerdrakt med vide bukser, sid jakke og høy <a href="/wiki/Fess_(hodeplagg)" title="Fess (hodeplagg)">fess</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mamluke.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="En osmansk mamelukkrytter, tegnet av Antoine Charles Horace Vernet i 1810."><img alt="En osmansk mamelukkrytter, tegnet av Antoine Charles Horace Vernet i 1810." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mamluke.jpg/113px-Mamluke.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mamluke.jpg/169px-Mamluke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mamluke.jpg/225px-Mamluke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">En osmansk mamelukkrytter, tegnet av <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Charles_Horace_Vernet" title="Antoine Charles Horace Vernet">Antoine Charles Horace Vernet</a> i 1810.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francisco Goyas maleri av kampen mot mamelukkene i Madrid i Spania 2. mai 1808."><img alt="Francisco Goyas maleri av kampen mot mamelukkene i Madrid i Spania 2. mai 1808." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg/150px-El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg/225px-El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg/300px-El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="2359" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goyas</a> maleri av kampen mot mamelukkene i <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> i Spania 2. mai <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Isichei, Elizabeth (1997): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3C2tzBSAp3MC&pg=PA192"><i>A History of African Societies to 1870</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. s. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Philipp & Haarmann (1998): <i>The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGregor_15-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McGregor_15_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> McGregor (2006), s. 15. Sitat: B»y the late fourteenth century Circassians from the north Caucasus region had become the majority in the Mamluk ranks.»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Hathaway (1997), s. 103-104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Philipp & Haarmann (1998), s. 115-116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Crecelius & Djaparidze (2002), s. 320—341.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Vásáry, István (2005): <i>Cuman and Tatars</i>, Cambridge University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Pavlidis, T.A. (2011): <i>Concise History of the Middle East</i>, kapittel 11: «Turks and Byzantine Decline»</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Crecelius, Daniel; Djaparidze, Gotcha (2002): «Relations of the Georgian Mamluks of Egypt with Their Homeland in the Last Decades of the Eighteenth Century», <i>Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient</i>, <b>45</b> (3), ISSN 0022-4995</li> <li>Hathaway, Jane (1997): <i>The Politics of Households in Ottoman Egypt: The Rise of the Qazdaglis</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, s. 103-104.</li> <li>McGregor, Andrew James (2006): <i>A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9780275986018" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780275986018</a>,</li> <li>Philipp, Thomas; Haarmann, Ulrich ([1998] 2007): <i>The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society</i> (Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization), Cambridge University Press</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamelukk&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mamluks" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mamluks">Mamluks</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947784?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24790658">.mw-parser-output .spire{clear:both;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-radius:2px;padding:0.325rem;padding-left:3rem;margin:0.5rem 0;font-size:0.8125rem;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Stub_W.svg"),url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Emojione_1F331.svg"),url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Grass_compartment.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:0.5rem center,bottom right 0.5rem,bottom -2.1rem right -4rem;background-size:2rem,1.8rem,10rem;padding-right:3rem;text-align:start}</style> <div class="spire plainlinks">Denne artikkelen er en <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spire" title="Wikipedia:Spire">spire</a></b>. 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