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id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Impératrice douairière</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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<span>Modifier</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>Impératrice douairière</b> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinois_%C3%A9crit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinois écrit">chinois</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonais">japonais</a> : 皇太后 impératrice douairière ; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hanyu pinyin">pinyin</a> : <i>húangtàihòu</i>; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C5%8Dmaji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rōmaji">rōmaji</a> : <i>kōtaigō</i> ; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cor%C3%A9en?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coréen">coréen</a> : 황태후 ; romaja : <i>Hwang Tae Hu</i> ; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vietnamien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vietnamien">Vietnamien</a> : <i>Hoàng Thái Hậu</i> ; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hiragana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a> : こうたいごう) est la traduction <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Français">française</a> du titre donné à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mère">mère</a> ou à la veuve d'un empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empereur_de_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empereur de Chine">chinois</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empereur_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empereur du Japon">japonais</a>, coréen ou vietnamien.</p> <p>Le titre a également été donné occasionnellement à une autre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Femme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Femme">femme</a> de la même génération, tandis qu'une femme de la génération précédente était parfois le titre de <b>grande impératrice douairière</b> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langues_chinoises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langues chinoises">chinois</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonais">japonais</a>: 太皇太后; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i>tàihúangtàihòu</i>; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C5%8Dmaji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rōmaji">rōmaji</a>: <i>Taikōtaigō</i>; prononciation en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cor%C3%A9en?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coréen">Coréen</a>: <i>Tae Hwang Tae Hu</i>; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vietnamien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vietnamien">Vietnamien</a>: <i>Thái Hoàng Thái Hậu</i>; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hiragana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a>: たいこうたいごう). De nombreuses impératrices douairières ont tenu la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9gent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Régent">régence</a> pendant le règne des empereurs d'âge mineur. Un grand nombre des plus éminentes impératrices douairières ont également étendu leur contrôle pendant de longues périodes après que l’empereur soit en âge de gouverner. C'était une source de troubles politiques selon la vision traditionnelle de l'histoire chinoise.</p> <p>Le titre d'<b>impératrice douairière</b> était donné à la femme d'un empereur de Russie ou empereur du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empereur_romain_germanique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Empereur romain germanique">Saint-Empire romain</a> décédé.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re_par_pays"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Impératrice douairière par pays</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Imp%C3%A9ratrices_douairi%C3%A8res_chinoises"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Impératrices douairières chinoises</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Imp%C3%A9ratrices_douairi%C3%A8res_du_Saint_Empire_romain_germanique"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Impératrices douairières du Saint Empire romain germanique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Imp%C3%A9ratrices_douairi%C3%A8re_indiennes"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Impératrices douairière indiennes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Imp%C3%A9ratrices_douairi%C3%A8res_japonaises"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Impératrices douairières japonaises</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re_cor%C3%A9enne"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Impératrice douairière coréenne</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Imp%C3%A9ratrices_douairi%C3%A8res_russes"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Impératrices douairières russes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Imp%C3%A9ratrices_douairi%C3%A8re_vietnamiennes"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Impératrices douairière vietnamiennes</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Références</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Annexes"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Annexes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Impératrice_douairière_par_pays"><span id="Imp.C3.A9ratrice_douairi.C3.A8re_par_pays"></span>Impératrice douairière par pays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Impératrice douairière par pays" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Impératrices_douairières_chinoises"><span id="Imp.C3.A9ratrices_douairi.C3.A8res_chinoises"></span>Impératrices douairières chinoises</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Impératrices douairières chinoises" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_Han?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Han">Dynastie Han</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%BC_Zhi_(imp%C3%A9ratrice)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lü Zhi (impératrice)">Impératrice douairière Lü</a></li> <li>Impératrice douairière Dou</li> <li>Impératrice douairière Wang</li> <li>Impératrice douairière Deng</li> <li>Impératrice Douairière Liang</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_He?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impératrice He">Impératrice douairière He</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynasties_du_Nord_et_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties du Nord et du Sud">Dynasties du nord</a> <ul> <li>Impératrice Douairière Feng</li> <li>Impératrice douairière Hu</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_Tang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Tang">Dynastie Tang</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wu_Zetian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wu Zetian">Impératrice douairière Wu</a>, plus connue sous le nom de Wu Zetian</li> <li>Impératrice douairière Wei, belle-fille de Wu Zetian.</li> <li>Impératrice douairière He</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_Song?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Song">Dynastie Song</a> <ul> <li>Impératrice Douairière Xie</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_Yuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Yuan">Dynastie Yuan</a> <ul> <li>Impératrice Gi</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_Qing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Qing">Dynastie Qing</a> <ul> <li>Impératrice douairière Xiaozhuang</li> <li>Impératrice douairière Chongqing</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ci%27an?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ci'an">Impératrice douairière Ci'an</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cixi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cixi">L’impératrice douairière Cixi</a>, dirigeante <i>de facto</i> de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_Qing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Qing">dynastie Qing</a> pendant 40 ans</li> <li>Impératrice douairière Longyu, abdiquée pour le compte de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puyi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puyi">Puyi</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Impératrices_douairières_du_Saint_Empire_romain_germanique"><span id="Imp.C3.A9ratrices_douairi.C3.A8res_du_Saint_Empire_romain_germanique"></span>Impératrices douairières du Saint Empire romain germanique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Impératrices douairières du Saint Empire romain germanique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9onore_de_Nevers-Mantoue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éléonore de Nevers-Mantoue">Eleonora Gonzaga</a> fut impératrice douairière de 1657 à 1686<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Bien qu'elle n'ait jamais été qualifiée de douairière, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mathilde_l%27Emperesse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mathilde l'Emperesse">impératrice Matilda</a> était (de manière controversée) l'Impératrice du Saint-Empire romain et continua à être qualifiée d'"impératrice" longtemps après la mort de son mari. Bien qu'ayant abandonné le trône pour son fils <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_II_(empereur_du_Saint-Empire)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frédéric II (empereur du Saint-Empire)">Frédéric II, empereur du Saint-Empire romain</a>, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constance_de_Hauteville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance de Hauteville">impératrice Constance</a>, veuve de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_VI_(empereur_du_Saint-Empire)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri VI (empereur du Saint-Empire)">Henri VI, empereur du Saint-Empire romain</a> conserva son titre d '« impératrice douairière » jusqu'à sa mort.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Impératrices_douairière_indiennes"><span id="Imp.C3.A9ratrices_douairi.C3.A8re_indiennes"></span>Impératrices douairière indiennes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Impératrices douairière indiennes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_(reine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victoria (reine)">Reine-impératrice Victoria</a> était veuve en 1861, avant son accession au rang de reine-impératrice des Indes. Son fils, son petit-fils et son arrière-petit-fils sont tous morts avant leurs épouses et leurs veuves étaient connues comme des impératrices douairières dans ce contexte indien. Si <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_VI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George VI">George VI</a>, le dernier empereur des Indes, était mort avant la proclamation de l’indépendance de l’Inde en 1947, sa veuve aurait été connue sous le nom d’impératrice douairière des Indes. Cependant, George VI meurt qu'en 1952, quelques années après l'indépendance officielle de l'Inde et le renoncement au titre d'empereur de l'Inde par le monarque britannique (officiellement en 1948).</p> <ul> <li>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandra_de_Danemark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandra de Danemark">Reine-impératrice Alexandra</a> (décédée le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1925-11-20" data-sort-value="1925-11-20">20 novembre 1925</time>), veuve du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_VII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard VII">roi-empereur Édouard VII</a> (r. 1901-1910)</li> <li>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_de_Teck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary de Teck">Reine-impératrice Marie</a> (décédée le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1953-03-24" data-sort-value="1953-03-24">24 mars 1953</time>), veuve du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George V">roi-empereur George V</a> (1910-1936)</li> <li>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon">Reine-impératrice Elizabeth</a> (décédée le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2002-03-30" data-sort-value="2002-03-30">30 mars 2002</time>), veuve du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_VI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George VI">roi-empereur George VI</a> (1936-1947 <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Impératrices_douairières_japonaises"><span id="Imp.C3.A9ratrices_douairi.C3.A8res_japonaises"></span>Impératrices douairières japonaises</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Impératrices douairières japonaises" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Japan_Kou(tai)gou_Flag.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Japan_Kou%28tai%29gou_Flag.svg/220px-Japan_Kou%28tai%29gou_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 126px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Japan_Kou%28tai%29gou_Flag.svg/220px-Japan_Kou%28tai%29gou_Flag.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="126" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Japan_Kou%28tai%29gou_Flag.svg/330px-Japan_Kou%28tai%29gou_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Japan_Kou%28tai%29gou_Flag.svg/440px-Japan_Kou%28tai%29gou_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Etandard de l'impératrice douairière. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Dans l'organisation complexe de la Cour impériale japonaise, le titre « Impératrice douairière » ne revient pas automatiquement à l'épouse principale d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empereur_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empereur du Japon">empereur</a> décédé. Le titre « Kōtaigō » ne peut être attribué ou accordé que par l'empereur qui aura accédé au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%C3%B4ne_du_chrysanth%C3%A8me?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trône du chrysanthème">Trône du chrysanthème</a> .</p> <p>Les personnes suivantes ont obtenu ce titre impérial :</p> <ul> <li>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nagako?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nagako">Impératrice douairière Kōjun</a> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">香淳皇后</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Kōjun kōtaigō</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>, <span title="Information complémentaire">1903-2000</span>)</span> , veuve de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hirohito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hirohito">empereur Shōwa</a></li> <li>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teimei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teimei">Impératrice douairière Teimei</a> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">貞明皇后</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Teimei kōtaigō</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>, <span title="Information complémentaire">1884–1951</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> , veuve de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_Tenn%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taishō Tennō">empereur Taishō</a></li> <li>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shōken">Impératrice douairière Shōken</a> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">昭憲皇太后</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Shōken kōtaigō</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>, <span title="Information complémentaire">1849–1914</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> , veuve de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meiji_(empereur)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meiji (empereur)">empereur Meiji</a></li> <li>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eish%C5%8D_(imp%C3%A9ratrice)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eishō (impératrice)">Impératrice douairière Eishō</a> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">英照皇太后</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Eishō kōtaigō</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>, <span title="Information complémentaire">1834–1898</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> , veuve de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C5%8Dmei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kōmei">empereur Kōmei</a></li> <li>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Princesse_Yoshiko_(K%C5%8Dkaku)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Princesse Yoshiko (Kōkaku)">Impératrice douairière Yoshiko</a> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">欣子皇太后</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Yoshiko kōtaigō</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>, <span title="Information complémentaire">1779–1846</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, veuve de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C5%8Dkaku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kōkaku">empereur Kōkaku</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Impératrice_douairière_coréenne"><span id="Imp.C3.A9ratrice_douairi.C3.A8re_cor.C3.A9enne"></span>Impératrice douairière coréenne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Impératrice douairière coréenne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Impératrice douairière Myeongheon (1831-1903), épouse et veuve de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heonjong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heonjong">Heonjong de Joseon</a> .</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Impératrices_douairières_russes"><span id="Imp.C3.A9ratrices_douairi.C3.A8res_russes"></span>Impératrices douairières russes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Impératrices douairières russes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article connexe : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_%C3%A9pouses_des_souverains_russes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des épouses des souverains russes">Liste des épouses des souverains russes</a>. </div> </div> <p>Les impératrices douairières de Russie ont préséance sur le couple des impératrices. C'était parfois une source de tension. Par exemple, lors de l'assassinat de Paul Ier, l'impératrice douairière Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea du Wurtemberg), par qui cette tradition a débuté, prenait souvent le bras de son fils, le tsar Alexandre Ier, lors de cérémonies, tandis que son épouse l'impératrice Elizabeth Alexeievna (Louise de Baden) marchait derrière, ce qui provoquait du ressentiment de la part de la jeune impératrice. La même chose s’est produite des décennies plus tard, à la mort de l’empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_III_(empereur_de_Russie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre III (empereur de Russie)">Alexandre III</a>, et l’impératrice douairière <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dagmar_de_Danemark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dagmar de Danemark">Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar du Danemark)</a> avait préséance sur l’impératrice <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alix_de_Hesse-Darmstadt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alix de Hesse-Darmstadt">Alexandra Fyodorovna (Alix de Hesse)</a>, ce qui avait mis à rude épreuve leurs relations. La lutte pour le pouvoir a culminé lorsque l'impératrice douairière a refusé de remettre certains bijoux traditionnellement associés à l'impératrice consort.</p> <p>Il y a eu quatre impératrices douairières en Russie :</p> <ul> <li>L'impératrice <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sophie-Doroth%C3%A9e_de_Wurtemberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sophie-Dorothée de Wurtemberg">Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea de Wurtemberg)</a>, impératrice consort de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Ier_(empereur_de_Russie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Ier (empereur de Russie)">Paul <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> de Russie</a></li> <li>L'impératrice <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Alexe%C3%AFevna_de_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élisabeth Alexeïevna de Russie">Elizabeth Alexeievna (Louise de Baden)</a>, impératrice consort d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Ier_(empereur_de_Russie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Ier (empereur de Russie)">Alexandre <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> de Russie</a></li> <li>L'impératrice <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandra_Feodorovna_de_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandra Feodorovna de Russie">Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte de Prusse)</a>, impératrice consort de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolas_Ier_(empereur_de_Russie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolas Ier (empereur de Russie)">Nicolas <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> de Russie</a></li> <li>L'impératrice <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dagmar_de_Danemark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dagmar de Danemark">Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar du Danemark)</a>, impératrice consort d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_III_(empereur_de_Russie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre III (empereur de Russie)">Alexandre III de Russie</a></li> </ul> <p>L’impératrice Elizabeth Alexeievna était brièvement et concurremment avec sa belle-mère, l’impératrice douairière Maria Feodorovna, une impératrice douairière elle-même. Elle est donc souvent oubliée comme impératrice douairière.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Impératrices_douairière_vietnamiennes"><span id="Imp.C3.A9ratrices_douairi.C3.A8re_vietnamiennes"></span>Impératrices douairière vietnamiennes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Impératrices douairière vietnamiennes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_%C4%90inh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Đinh">Đinh</a> - Dynastie <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_L%C3%AA_ant%C3%A9rieure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Lê antérieure">Lê antérieure</a> <ul> <li>Impératrice douairière Dương Vân Nga (952–1000) : en 979, son mari l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%90inh_B%E1%BB%99_L%C4%A9nh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Đinh Bộ Lĩnh">empereur Đinh Bộ Lĩnh</a> est assassiné ; son fils, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%90inh_Ph%E1%BA%BF_%C4%90%E1%BA%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Đinh Phế Đế">prince Đinh Toàn</a>, monte sur le trône. Elle devient impératrice douairière et s'occupe de toutes les questions politiques. Mais plus tard, elle détrôna son fils, céda le trône à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_H%C3%A0nh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lê Đại Hành">Lê Đại Hành</a> et l'épousa. Une fois encore, elle prit le titre d’impératrice consort. Parce qu'elle a été deux fois impératrice avec deux empereurs différents, elle s'appelle "Hoàng hậu hai triều" (impératrice à deux dynasties)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_L%C3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Lý">Dynastie Lý</a> <ul> <li>Impératrice douairière Thượng Dương (? –1073) : bien qu'elle ne puisse donner naissance à aucun fils, la concubine de son mari, dame Ỷ Lan, donna naissance à un prince, appelé <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%BD_Nh%C3%A2n_T%C3%B4ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lý Nhân Tông">Lý Càn Đức</a>. Après la mort de son mari, elle devint impératrice douairière et déclara qu'elle <i>«buông rèm nhiếp chính»</i> (allait régenter) pour le nouvel empereur de sept ans, mais la mère du nouvel empereur, Ỷ Lan, s'y opposa avec véhémence et la força à la mort. Son mandat en tant qu'impératrice douairière fut d'un an.</li> <li>Impératrice douairière Ỷ Lan (c. 1044–1117) : après avoir détrôné et assassiné l'impératrice douairière précédente, elle devint impératrice douairière et conserva tous les pouvoirs politiques</li> <li>Impératrice douairière Chiêu Linh (? –1200) : impératrice de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%E1%BA%A7n_T%C3%B4ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lý Thần Tông">empereur Lý Thần Tông</a>. Son fils a été nommé prince héritier, mais plus tard, il a été détrôné du siège de prince héritier à celui d'un prince normal en raison d'un événement. La concubine de son mari, Đỗ Thụy Châu, donna naissance à un prince et il fut nommé prince héritier plus tard. Après la mort de son mari, le prince héritier monta sur le trône et elle devint impératrice douairière.</li> <li>Impératrice douairière Đỗ Thụy Châu : Après que son fils soit monté sur le trône, elle est devenue la co-impératrice douairière avec l'impératrice douairière Chiêu Linh.</li> <li>Impératrice douairière An Toàn (? –1226) : elle était célèbre pour avoir abusé de l’autorité pendant le règne de son fils, l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%BD_Hu%E1%BB%87_T%C3%B4ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lý Huệ Tông">empereur Lý Huệ Tông</a>. Sa belle-fille, l'impératrice Trần Thị Dung, s'est jointe à Trần Thủ Độ pour tenter de renverser la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_L%C3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Lý">dynastie des Lý</a> et la remplacer par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_Tr%E1%BA%A7n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Trần">dynastie des Trần</a>. Trần Thủ Độ forca son fils à abdiquer et à devenir moine à la pagode. Son fils fit ce que Trần Thủ Độ avait dit et céda le trône à sa petite-fille, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%BD_Chi%C3%AAu_Ho%C3%A0ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lý Chiêu Hoàng">Lý Chiêu Hoàng</a>, qui fut la seule impératrice de l'histoire vietnamienne. Elle devint ainsi la grande impératrice douairière. Mais plus tard, Trần Thủ Độ a forcé <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%BD_Chi%C3%AAu_Ho%C3%A0ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lý Chiêu Hoàng">Lý Chiêu Hoàng</a> à se marier avec son neveu <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C3%A1i_T%C3%B4ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trần Thái Tông">Trần Cảnh</a>, âgé de sept ans, et a cédé le trône à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C3%A1i_T%C3%B4ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trần Thái Tông">Trần Cảnh</a>. À ce moment-là, An Toàn n'était plus douairière impératrice.</li> <li>Impératrice douairière Trần Thị Dung (? –1259): elle est devenue impératrice douairière après que sa fille <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%BD_Chi%C3%AAu_Ho%C3%A0ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lý Chiêu Hoàng">Lý Chiêu Hoàng</a> soit montée sur le trône. Mais plus tard, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%BD_Chi%C3%AAu_Ho%C3%A0ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lý Chiêu Hoàng">Lý Chiêu Hoàng</a> a cédé le trône à son mari <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C3%A1i_T%C3%B4ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trần Thái Tông">Trần Cảnh</a>. Trần Thị Dung n'était alors plus impératrice douairière.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_Tr%E1%BA%A7n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Trần">Dynastie Trần</a> <ul> <li>Impératrice douairière Tuyên Từ (? –1318) : concubine et belle-sœur de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Nh%C3%A2n_T%C3%B4ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trần Nhân Tông">empereur Trần Nhân Tông</a>, elle est la sœur cadette de l'impératrice Bảo Thánh. En 1293, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Nh%C3%A2n_T%C3%B4ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trần Nhân Tông">empereur Trân Nhân Tông</a> cédait le trône à son fils avec l'impératrice Bảo Thánh, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Anh_T%C3%B4ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trần Anh Tông">Trần Anh Tông</a>, quelques mois plus tard, sa sœur Grande Impératrice Bảo Thánh morte, elle est devenue la seule survivante des consorts de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Nh%C3%A2n_T%C3%B4ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trần Nhân Tông">Trân Nhân Tông</a>. En 1308, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Nh%C3%A2n_T%C3%B4ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trần Nhân Tông">grand empereur Trần Nhân Tông</a> décède, elle devient impératrice douairière. En 1314, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Anh_T%C3%B4ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trần Anh Tông">empereur Trần Anh Tông</a> céda le trône à son fils <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Minh_T%C3%B4ng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trần Minh Tông">Trần Minh Tông</a>, elle devint grande impératrice douairière.</li> <li>Duc Tu Cung, mère du dernier empereur vietnamien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bảo Đại">Bao Dai</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_de_1947?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Independence Act de 1947">Indian Independence Act de 1947</a></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lib.cas.cz/aleph-google/KNA01/00115/19/001151999.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Souborný katalog AV ČR - Zápas o funkci nejvyššího štolmistra na dvoře císařovny vdovy Eleonory Gonzagové : Edice důvěrné korespondence bratří Ditrichštejnů z roku 1683 = Struggle for the stallmeister's position on the court of the empress dowager Eleonora Gonzaga. : Edition of private correspondence between the Dietrichstein brothers dated 1683 / Jiří Kubeš.</cite></a> », <span class="italique">www.lib.cas.cz</span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> Ponsonby-Fane (1959), p. 337–338. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> Ponsonby-Fane (1959), p. 335–337. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> Ponsonby-Fane (1959), p. 334–335. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> Ponsonby-Fane (1959), p. 333–334.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="VnExpress">VnExpress, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/chuyen-ve-hoang-hau-hai-trieu-duong-van-nga-3368754.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Chuyện về ‘hoàng hậu hai triều’ Dương Vân Nga - VnExpress</cite></a> »</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://vietnampackagetour.com/lastest-travel-news/the-last-empress-dowager-who-keeps-the-dynasty-alive.html%23?1%23?1%23WebrootPlugIn%23?1%23?1%23PhreshPhish%23?1%23?1%23agtpwd"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Vietnampackagetour.com</cite></a> », <span class="italique">vietnampackagetour.com</span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Annexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Ponsonby-Fane1959"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_Arthur_Brabazon_Ponsonby-Fane1959">Richard Arthur Brabazon <span class="nom_auteur">Ponsonby-Fane</span>, <cite class="italique">The Imperial House of Japan</cite>, Kyoto, Ponsonby Memorial Society, <time>1959</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/194887">194887</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DSLAeAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DThe%2BImperial%2BHouse%2Bof%2BJapan%26dq%3DThe%2BImperial%2BHouse%2Bof%2BJapan%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26pgis%3D1">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan&rft.place=Kyoto&rft.pub=Ponsonby+Memorial+Society&rft.aulast=Ponsonby-Fane&rft.aufirst=Richard+Arthur+Brabazon&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F194887&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSLAeAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DThe%2BImperial%2BHouse%2Bof%2BJapan%26dq%3DThe%2BImperial%2BHouse%2Bof%2BJapan%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26pgis%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AImp%C3%A9ratrice+douairi%C3%A8re"></span></span></span></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douairi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Douairière">Reine douairière</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reine_m%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reine mère">reine mère</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sultane_valid%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sultane validé">Sultane validé</a> de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_ottoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire ottoman">Empire Ottoman</a></li> </ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Monarchie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la monarchie"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/32px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="214"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/32px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="32" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/48px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png 1.5x, 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</div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imp%C3%A9ratrice_douairi%C3%A8re&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="2A01:E34:EC06:4F70:A80C:8827:F2B4:93C0" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1735471200"> <span>Dernière modification le 29 décembre 2024, à 12:20</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D9%2585%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B7%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D9%2585" title="الإمبراطورة الأم – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطورة الأم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperatris_byuda" title="Emperatris byuda – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Emperatris byuda" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperadriu_v%25C3%25ADdua" title="Emperadriu vídua – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emperadriu vídua" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiserinmutter" title="Kaiserinmutter – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaiserinmutter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_dowager" title="Empress dowager – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Empress dowager" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperatriz_viuda" title="Emperatriz viuda – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Emperatriz viuda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D9%2584%25DA%25A9%25D9%2587_%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1_(%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25DA%2598%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9)" title="ملکه مادر (بیولوژیک) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ملکه مادر (بیولوژیک)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janda_permaisuri" title="Janda permaisuri – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Janda permaisuri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatrice_vedova" title="Imperatrice vedova – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Imperatrice vedova" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%259A%2587%25E5%25A4%25AA%25E5%2590%258E" title="皇太后 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="皇太后" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2599%25A9%25ED%2583%259C%25ED%259B%2584" title="황태후 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="황태후" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D1%258D%25D1%2585" title="Хатан эх – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хатан эх" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharani_balu" title="Maharani balu – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Maharani balu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesarzowa_wdowa" title="Cesarzowa wdowa – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cesarzowa wdowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carica_majka" title="Carica majka – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Carica majka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AE%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2584%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25AE%25E0%25B8%25B2" title="ฮองไทเฮา – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮองไทเฮา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%25C3%25A0ng_th%25C3%25A1i_h%25E1%25BA%25ADu" title="Hoàng thái hậu – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hoàng thái hậu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%259A%2587%25E5%25A4%25AA%25E5%2590%258E" title="皇太后 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皇太后" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img 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