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<span>Toggle Background and preparation of the Games subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background_and_preparation_of_the_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Host_city_selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Host_city_selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Host city selection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Host_city_selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizing_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizing_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Organizing Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizing_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_situation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_situation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Political situation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_situation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Construction work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anthem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anthem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Anthem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anthem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torch_relay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torch_relay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Torch relay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torch_relay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opening_ceremony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_ceremony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Opening ceremony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening_ceremony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Highlights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highlights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Highlights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highlights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sports events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shooting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shooting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Shooting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shooting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basketball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basketball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Basketball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basketball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Field_hockey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Field_hockey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Field hockey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Field_hockey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canoeing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canoeing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Canoeing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canoeing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fencing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fencing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Fencing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fencing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Pentathlon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Pentathlon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Modern Pentathlon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Pentathlon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boxing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boxing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Boxing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boxing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wrestling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wrestling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Wrestling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wrestling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weightlifting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weightlifting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Weightlifting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weightlifting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sailing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sailing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>Sailing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sailing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.12</span> <span>Cycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equestrian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equestrian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.13</span> <span>Equestrian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equestrian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rowing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rowing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.14</span> <span>Rowing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rowing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.15</span> <span>Diving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swimming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swimming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.16</span> <span>Swimming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swimming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_polo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_polo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.17</span> <span>Water polo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_polo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.18</span> <span>Gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.19</span> <span>Athletics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demonstration_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demonstration_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.20</span> <span>Demonstration sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demonstration_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Participating_National_Olympic_Committees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participating_National_Olympic_Committees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Participating National Olympic Committees</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Participating_National_Olympic_Committees-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Participating National Olympic Committees subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Participating_National_Olympic_Committees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committees_(by_highest_to_lowest)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committees_(by_highest_to_lowest)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees (by highest to lowest)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committees_(by_highest_to_lowest)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medal_count" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medal_count"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Medal count</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medal_count-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-50th_anniversary_coin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#50th_anniversary_coin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>50th anniversary coin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-50th_anniversary_coin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Admission_tickets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admission_tickets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Admission tickets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admission_tickets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Impact and legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Impact and legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Impact_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"The_Last_Real_Olympics"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"The_Last_Real_Olympics""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>"The Last Real Olympics"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"The_Last_Real_Olympics"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1952 Summer Olympics</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1952" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1952 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1952" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_1952" title="Хельсинки 1952 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Хельсинки 1952" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_1952" title="الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1952 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1952" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuegos_Olimpicos_de_Helsinki_1952" title="Chuegos Olimpicos de Helsinki 1952 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chuegos Olimpicos de Helsinki 1952" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuegos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_%E1%B8%A4%C3%A9lsinki_1952" title="Xuegos Olímpicos de Ḥélsinki 1952 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xuegos Olímpicos de Ḥélsinki 1952" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91embosaraipav%E1%BA%BD_Arahak%C3%BApe_1952" title="Ñembosaraipavẽ Arahakúpe 1952 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñembosaraipavẽ Arahakúpe 1952" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Yay_Olimpiya_Oyunlar%C4%B1" title="1952 Yay Olimpiya Oyunları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1952 Yay Olimpiya Oyunları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Masan_Panes_1952" title="Olimpiade Masan Panes 1952 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Olimpiade Masan Panes 1952" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_n%C3%AE_H%C4%81-k%C3%B9i_Olympic_%C5%AAn-t%C5%8Dng-ho%C4%93" title="1952 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1952 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_1952" title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1952 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1952" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_1952_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1952 году – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1952 году" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_1952" title="Летни олимпийски игри 1952 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Летни олимпийски игри 1952" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocs_Ol%C3%ADmpics_d%27Estiu_de_1952" title="Jocs Olímpics d'Estiu de 1952 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jocs Olímpics d'Estiu de 1952" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%AD_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_1952" title="Letní olympijské hry 1952 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Letní olympijské hry 1952" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemau_Olympaidd_yr_Haf_1952" title="Gemau Olympaidd yr Haf 1952 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gemau Olympaidd yr Haf 1952" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommer-OL_1952" title="Sommer-OL 1952 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sommer-OL 1952" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Sommerspiele_1952" title="Olympische Sommerspiele 1952 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Olympische Sommerspiele 1952" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952._aasta_suveol%C3%BCmpiam%C3%A4ngud" title="1952. aasta suveolümpiamängud – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1952. aasta suveolümpiamängud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%9F%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%91%CE%B3%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_1952" title="Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1952 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1952" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juegos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Helsinki_1952" title="Juegos Olímpicos de Helsinki 1952 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juegos Olímpicos de Helsinki 1952" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somera_Olimpiko_1952" title="Somera Olimpiko 1952 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Somera Olimpiko 1952" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="1952ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1952ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B5%DB%B2" title="بازی‌های المپیک تابستانی ۱۹۵۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازی‌های المپیک تابستانی ۱۹۵۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeux_olympiques_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_1952" title="Jeux olympiques d'été de 1952 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeux olympiques d'été de 1952" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympyske_Simmerspullen_1952" title="Olympyske Simmerspullen 1952 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Olympyske Simmerspullen 1952" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_1952" title="Xogos Olímpicos de 1952 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xogos Olímpicos de 1952" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952%EB%85%84_%ED%95%98%EA%B3%84_%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%BC%ED%94%BD" title="1952년 하계 올림픽 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1952년 하계 올림픽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="1952 ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलंपिक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="1952 ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलंपिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV._Olimpijske_igre_%E2%80%93_Helsinki_1952." title="XV. Olimpijske igre – Helsinki 1952. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="XV. Olimpijske igre – Helsinki 1952." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiala_Ludi_en_Helsinki,_1952" title="Olimpiala Ludi en Helsinki, 1952 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Olimpiala Ludi en Helsinki, 1952" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Panas_1952" title="Olimpiade Musim Panas 1952 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Olimpiade Musim Panas 1952" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumar%C3%B3lymp%C3%ADuleikarnir_1952" title="Sumarólympíuleikarnir 1952 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sumarólympíuleikarnir 1952" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giochi_della_XV_Olimpiade" title="Giochi della XV Olimpiade – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giochi della XV Olimpiade" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99_(1952)" title="אולימפיאדת הלסינקי (1952) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אולימפיאדת הלסינקי (1952)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="1952 жылғы Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1952 жылғы Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia_aestiva_1952" title="Olympia aestiva 1952 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Olympia aestiva 1952" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952._gada_vasaras_olimpisk%C4%81s_sp%C4%93les" title="1952. gada vasaras olimpiskās spēles – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1952. gada vasaras olimpiskās spēles" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympesch_Summerspiller_1952" title="Olympesch Summerspiller 1952 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Olympesch Summerspiller 1952" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_m._vasaros_olimpin%C4%97s_%C5%BEaidyn%C4%97s" title="1952 m. vasaros olimpinės žaidynės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1952 m. vasaros olimpinės žaidynės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952._%C3%A9vi_ny%C3%A1ri_olimpiai_j%C3%A1t%C3%A9kok" title="1952. évi nyári olimpiai játékok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1952. évi nyári olimpiai játékok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_1952" title="Летни олимписки игри 1952 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Летни олимписки игри 1952" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A8_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="१९५२ उन्हाळी ऑलिंपिक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="१९५२ उन्हाळी ऑलिंपिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81_1952" title="اوليمبياد صيف 1952 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوليمبياد صيف 1952" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B5%DB%B2_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="۱۹۵۲ تابستونی المپیک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۵۲ تابستونی المپیک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukan_Olimpik_Musim_Panas_1952" title="Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1952 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1952" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="1952 оны Зуны Олимп – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1952 оны Зуны Олимп" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinqui_1952" title="Helsinqui 1952 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Helsinqui 1952" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Zomerspelen_1952" title="Olympische Zomerspelen 1952 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Olympische Zomerspelen 1952" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952%E5%B9%B4%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="1952年ヘルシンキオリンピック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1952年ヘルシンキオリンピック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommer-OL_1952" title="Sommer-OL 1952 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sommer-OL 1952" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommar-OL_1952" title="Sommar-OL 1952 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sommar-OL 1952" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2cs_Olimpics_d%27estiu_de_1952" title="Jòcs Olimpics d'estiu de 1952 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jòcs Olimpics d'estiu de 1952" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="1952 ਓਲੰਪਿਕ ਖੇਡਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1952 ਓਲੰਪਿਕ ਖੇਡਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letnie_Igrzyska_Olimpijskie_1952" title="Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1952 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1952" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Ver%C3%A3o_de_1952" title="Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1952 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1952" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocurile_Olimpice_de_var%C4%83_din_1952" title="Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1952 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1952" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B_1952" title="Летние Олимпийские игры 1952 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Летние Олимпийские игры 1952" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%A5%D2%A5%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="1952 Сайыҥҥы Олимпия оонньуулара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1952 Сайыҥҥы Олимпия оонньуулара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joca_Olimpici_d%C3%BB_1952" title="Joca Olimpici dû 1952 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Joca Olimpici dû 1952" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="1952 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1952 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1952 Summer Olympics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%A9_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_1952" title="Letné olympijské hry 1952 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Letné olympijské hry 1952" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poletne_olimpijske_igre_1952" title="Poletne olimpijske igre 1952 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poletne olimpijske igre 1952" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A5%D9%A2" title="ئۆڵۆمپیادی ھاوینەی ١٩٥٢ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆڵۆمپیادی ھاوینەی ١٩٥٢" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5_1952." title="Летње олимпијске игре 1952. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Летње олимпијске игре 1952." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljetne_olimpijske_igre_1952." title="Ljetne olimpijske igre 1952. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ljetne olimpijske igre 1952." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kes%C3%A4olympialaiset_1952" title="Kesäolympialaiset 1952 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kesäolympialaiset 1952" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiska_sommarspelen_1952" title="Olympiska sommarspelen 1952 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Olympiska sommarspelen 1952" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_1952" title="Җәйге Олимпия уеннары 1952 – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җәйге Олимпия уеннары 1952" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_1952" title="โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 1952 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 1952" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Yaz_Olimpiyatlar%C4%B1" title="1952 Yaz Olimpiyatları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1952 Yaz Olimpiyatları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_1952" title="Літні Олімпійські ігри 1952 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літні Олімпійські ігри 1952" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952%D8%A1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="1952ء گرمائی اولمپکس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1952ء گرمائی اولمپکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_v%E1%BA%ADn_h%E1%BB%99i_M%C3%B9a_h%C3%A8_1952" title="Thế vận hội Mùa hè 1952 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế vận hội Mùa hè 1952" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djeus_olimpikes_d%27_est%C3%A9_di_1952" title="Djeus olimpikes d' esté di 1952 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djeus olimpikes d' esté di 1952" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A" title="1952年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1952年夏季奥林匹克运动会" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%8Cd%C3%ADje_%C3%92l%C3%ADmp%C3%ADk%C3%AC_%C3%8Cgb%C3%A0_Oru_1952" title="Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1952 – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1952" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" title="1952年夏季奧林匹克運動會 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1952年夏季奧林匹克運動會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A" title="1952年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1952年夏季奥林匹克运动会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8407#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kes%C3%A4olympialaiset_1952" class="extiw" title="fi:Kesäolympialaiset 1952">the corresponding article</a> in Finnish</b>.  <i><small>(June 2021)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. 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The Olympic rings, also white, lie at the top of the blue background, partly obscured by the stadium's tower. The word "1952" is written in white in the middle of the blue background, while "XV Olympia Helsinki" is written in blue, beneath the image." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/1952_Summer_Olympics_logo.svg/140px-1952_Summer_Olympics_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/1952_Summer_Olympics_logo.svg/210px-1952_Summer_Olympics_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/1952_Summer_Olympics_logo.svg/280px-1952_Summer_Olympics_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="91" data-file-height="146" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem of the 1952 Summer Olympics</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee" title="National Olympic Committee">Nations</a></th><td class="infobox-data">69</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Athletes</th><td class="infobox-data">4,932 (4,411 men, 521 women)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Events</th><td class="infobox-data">149 in 17 <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">sports</a> (23 disciplines)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening</th><td class="infobox-data">19 July 1952</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closing</th><td class="infobox-data">3 August 1952</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games" title="List of people who have opened the Olympic Games">Opened by</a></th><td class="infobox-data vcard attendee"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Juho_Kusti_Paasikivi" title="Juho Kusti Paasikivi">Juho Kusti Paasikivi</a><sup id="cite_ref-Opening_and_Cauldron_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opening_and_Cauldron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_torchbearers_who_have_lit_the_Olympic_cauldron" title="List of torchbearers who have lit the Olympic cauldron">Cauldron</a></th><td class="infobox-data vcard attendee"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Kolehmainen" title="Hannes Kolehmainen">Hannes Kolehmainen</a><sup id="cite_ref-Opening_and_Cauldron_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opening_and_Cauldron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Paavo_Nurmi" title="Paavo Nurmi">Paavo Nurmi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium" title="Olympic Stadium">Stadium</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium" title="Helsinki Olympic Stadium">Helsingin Olympiastadion</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"><b>Summer</b></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">London 1948</a></span></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">Melbourne 1956</a></span> →</div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"><b>Winter</b></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">Oslo 1952</a></span></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">Cortina 1956</a></span> →</div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1952 Summer Olympics</b> (<a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: <i lang="fi">Kesäolympialaiset 1952</i>), officially known as the <b>Games of the XV Olympiad</b> (<a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: <i lang="fi">XV olympiadin kisat</i>) and commonly known as <b>Helsinki 1952</b>, were an international <a href="/wiki/Multi-sport_event" title="Multi-sport event">multi-sport event</a> held from 19 July to 3 August 1952 in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland. </p><p>After Japan declared in 1938 that it would be unable to host the 1940 Olympics in Tokyo due to the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, Helsinki had been selected to host the <a href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics">1940 Summer Olympics</a>, which were then cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Tokyo eventually hosted the games in 1964. Helsinki is the northernmost city at which a summer Olympic Games have been held. With London hosting the 1948 Olympics, 1952 is the most recent time when two consecutive summer Olympic Games were held entirely in Europe. The 1952 Summer Olympics was the last of the two consecutive Olympics to be held in Northern Europe, following the <a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952 Winter Olympics</a> in Oslo, Norway. </p><p>They were also the Olympic Games at which the most world records were broken until they were surpassed by the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Soviet Union at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Soviet Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/China_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="China at the 1952 Summer Olympics">People's Republic of China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Hong Kong at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Indonesia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Israel at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Thailand at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Thailand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saar_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Saar at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Saarland</a> made their Olympic debuts at the 1952 Games. The United States won the most gold and overall medals at these Olympics. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympia-1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Olympia-1952.jpg/170px-Olympia-1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Olympia-1952.jpg/255px-Olympia-1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Olympia-1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="371" /></a><figcaption>Finnish postage stamp featuring the Helsinki Olympic Stadium issued in 1951<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_preparation_of_the_Games">Background and preparation of the Games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and preparation of the Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Host_city_selection">Host city selection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Host city selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Souvenir_cloth_of_OL_1940_at_Sporvejsmuseet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Souvenir_cloth_of_OL_1940_at_Sporvejsmuseet.jpg/220px-Souvenir_cloth_of_OL_1940_at_Sporvejsmuseet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Souvenir_cloth_of_OL_1940_at_Sporvejsmuseet.jpg/330px-Souvenir_cloth_of_OL_1940_at_Sporvejsmuseet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Souvenir_cloth_of_OL_1940_at_Sporvejsmuseet.jpg/440px-Souvenir_cloth_of_OL_1940_at_Sporvejsmuseet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1708" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>A rare souvenir cloth of the cancelled 1940 Summer Olympics in Helsinki at Sporvejsmuseet Skjoldenæsholm in Denmark. The small picture shows some of the Copenhagen tram trailers which was exported to Helsinki due to the Olympics before it was cancelled</figcaption></figure> <p>Inspired by the success of the Swedish <a href="/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics" title="1912 Summer Olympics">1912 Olympics</a>, Finnish sports fans began to arouse the idea of their own Olympic Games: for example, <a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Frenckell" title="Erik von Frenckell">Erik von Frenckell</a> publicly presented his dreams of the Finnish Olympic Games at the opening of the 1915 <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6n_Pallokentt%C3%A4" title="Töölön Pallokenttä">Töölön Pallokenttä</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the Olympic success continued in the 1920s, enthusiasm for one's own Olympics grew, and after the <a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Antwerp Olympics</a>, Finnish sports leaders began planning to build a stadium in Helsinki in 1920. Finland's main sports organizations and the City of Helsinki founded the Stadion Foundation in 1927 to get the stadium to Helsinki. In the same year, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Edvard_Krogius" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernst Edvard Krogius">Ernst Edvard Krogius</a>, who represented Finland on the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC), announced Finland's willingness to host the competition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200213_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200213-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1930, preparations for the 1936 Games, which was accelerated by the launch of a design project for the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium" title="Helsinki Olympic Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a>. However, Helsinki was not a candidate in the first round in 1931,<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_vote_history_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC_vote_history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> won the competition, but Helsinki immediately registered as a candidate for the 1940 Games.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200213_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200213-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those games were awarded to <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> in 1936, and two years later with the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Japanese_War_(1937-1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)">Sino-Japanese War</a> Japan announced they were giving up the 1940 games, and four days later the IOC offered the Games to Helsinki, which agreed to take over, although there was little time left to prepare for the Games.<sup id="cite_ref-dream_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dream-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>World War II broke out on 1 September 1939, with the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a>–<a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a>, which also drew <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> to war. Despite the aggression, the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games continued to be optimistic about the preparations for the Games. However, the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Soviet invasion of Finland</a> on 30 November 1939, halted planning for the games. After the Winter War, the Organizing Committee decided to abandon the Games on 20 March 1940 due to the hostilities across Europe, the suspension of preparations caused by the Winter War, and the deplorable economic situation. At the meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Olympic_Committee" title="Finnish Olympic Committee">Finnish Olympic Committee</a> on 20 April 1940, the Olympic Games in Finland were officially canceled. In the meantime, World War II had already expanded, with Germany <a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung">occupying Denmark and fighting in Norway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dream_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dream-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of the Olympic Games, Finland held a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_Competitions_for_Fallen_Athletes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memorial Competitions for Fallen Athletes (page does not exist)">Memorial Competitions for Fallen Athletes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaatuneiden_urheilijoiden_muistokilpailut" class="extiw" title="fi:Kaatuneiden urheilijoiden muistokilpailut">fi</a>]</span> who died in the Winter War against Russia, at the opening of which actor <a href="/wiki/Eino_Kaipainen" title="Eino Kaipainen">Eino Kaipainen</a> recited the poem <i>Silent Winners</i> written by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yrj%C3%B6_Jylh%C3%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yrjö Jylhä (page does not exist)">Yrjö Jylhä</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yrj%C3%B6_Jylh%C3%A4" class="extiw" title="fi:Yrjö Jylhä">fi</a>]</span>. The memorial competitions were held on the initiative of the sports journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulo_Kolkka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulo Kolkka (page does not exist)">Sulo Kolkka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulo_Kolkka" class="extiw" title="fi:Sulo Kolkka">fi</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of World War II, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> was awarded the <a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 Summer Olympics</a> after the city was originally granted the 1944 Games, which were canceled due to the war. Helsinki continued its attempt to have the Games organized and registered as candidates for the 1952 Games. At the IOC Congress in Stockholm on 21 June 1947, Helsinki was chosen as the host city, leaving behind the bids of <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200220_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200220-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Helsinki's strengths included the fairly completed venues built for the 1940 Games. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>1952 Summer Olympics bidding results<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">City </th> <th rowspan="2">Country </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:silver;">Round </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:silver;">1 </th> <th style="background:silver;">2 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>14</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>15</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0</td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizing_Committee">Organizing Committee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Organizing Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After confirmation that Helsinki would host the Games, the "XV Olympia Helsinki 1952" was established as the organizing committee of the Games on 8 September 1947. Its members were the Finnish Olympic Committee, the Finnish State, the City of Helsinki and 26 various sports organizations. The mayor of Helsinki <a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Frenckell" title="Erik von Frenckell">Erik von Frenckell</a> was elected chairman of the committee, who at the time also chaired <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Football_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Football Association">Finnish Football Association</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akseli_Kaskela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akseli Kaskela (page does not exist)">Akseli Kaskela</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akseli_Kaskela" class="extiw" title="fi:Akseli Kaskela">fi</a>]</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olavi_Suvanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olavi Suvanto (page does not exist)">Olavi Suvanto</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olavi_Suvanto" class="extiw" title="fi:Olavi Suvanto">fi</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Armas-Eino_Martola" title="Armas-Eino Martola">Armas-Eino Martola</a> were elected Vice-Chairs.<sup id="cite_ref-Nygren_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nygren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among them, Kaskela and Suvanto were elected on political grounds as representatives of the bourgeois <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_Sports_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish Sports Federation (page does not exist)">Finnish Sports Federation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suomen_Valtakunnan_Urheiluliitto" class="extiw" title="fi:Suomen Valtakunnan Urheiluliitto">fi</a>]</span> (SVUL) and the leftist <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Workers%27_Sports_Federation" title="Finnish Workers' Sports Federation">Finnish Workers' Sports Federation</a> (TUL), Martola, on the other hand, got a former officer to lead the organization of the practical arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other members of the Organizing Committee were <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yrj%C3%B6_Enne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yrjö Enne (page does not exist)">Yrjö Enne</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yrj%C3%B6_Enne" class="extiw" title="fi:Yrjö Enne">fi</a>]</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4in%C3%B6_A._M._Karikoski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Väinö A. M. Karikoski (page does not exist)">Väinö A. M. Karikoski</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4in%C3%B6_A._M._Karikoski" class="extiw" title="fi:Väinö A. M. Karikoski">fi</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Urho_Kekkonen" title="Urho Kekkonen">Urho Kekkonen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krogius" title="Ernst Krogius">Ernst Krogius</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Lehtinen" title="William Lehtinen">William Lehtinen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aarne_K._Leskinen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aarne K. Leskinen (page does not exist)">Aarne K. Leskinen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarne_K._Leskinen" class="extiw" title="fi:Aarne K. Leskinen">fi</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Eino_Pekkala" title="Eino Pekkala">Eino Pekkala</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4in%C3%B6_Salovaara" title="Väinö Salovaara">Väinö Salovaara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erik_%C3%85str%C3%B6m" title="Erik Åström">Erik Åström</a>. In 1948–1949, Karikoski, Kekkonen, Krogius and Lehtinen resigned from the committee, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lauri_Miettinen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lauri Miettinen (page does not exist)">Lauri Miettinen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauri_Miettinen" class="extiw" title="fi:Lauri Miettinen">fi</a>]</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arno_Tuurna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arno Tuurna (page does not exist)">Arno Tuurna</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arno_Tuurna" class="extiw" title="fi:Arno Tuurna">fi</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Yrj%C3%B6_Valkama" title="Yrjö Valkama">Yrjö Valkama</a> were elected to replace them. In the spring of 1952, Ente was replaced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvi_E._Heiskanen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvi E. Heiskanen (page does not exist)">Arvi E. Heiskanen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvi_E._Heiskanen" class="extiw" title="fi:Arvi E. Heiskanen">fi</a>]</span> and as completely new members by <a href="/wiki/Mauno_Pekkala" title="Mauno Pekkala">Mauno Pekkala</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aaro_Tynell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aaro Tynell (page does not exist)">Aaro Tynell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nygren_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nygren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Erik von Frenckell was the chairman of the organizing committee and the other members were Armas-Eino Martola (competition director), Yrjö Valkama (sports director), Olavi Suvanto (maintenance director), Akseli Kaskela, Aarne K. Leskinen and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niilo_Koskinen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niilo Koskinen (page does not exist)">Niilo Koskinen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niilo_Koskinen_(jalkapalloilija)" class="extiw" title="fi:Niilo Koskinen (jalkapalloilija)">fi</a>]</span>. In addition, the head of the central office <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kallio_Kotkas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kallio Kotkas (page does not exist)">Kallio Kotkas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallio_Kotkas" class="extiw" title="fi:Kallio Kotkas">fi</a>]</span> and the head of information <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eero_Pet%C3%A4j%C3%A4niemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eero Petäjäniemi (page does not exist)">Eero Petäjäniemi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eero_Pet%C3%A4j%C3%A4niemi" class="extiw" title="fi:Eero Petäjäniemi">fi</a>]</span> were involved in the competition organization.<sup id="cite_ref-Nygren_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nygren-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_situation">Political situation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political situation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The international political atmosphere was tense when the Helsinki Olympics were held. When the IOC held its meeting in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> in 1951, many difficult topics were on the agenda. The <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> was under way, and the situation between <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab countries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">divided Germany</a> had to be addressed as a team, and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> winning, forming the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> government exiled to <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200259_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200259-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four years earlier, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> was not invited to the London Olympics from the losing states of the Second World War. The <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Committee_of_Israel" title="Olympic Committee of Israel">Olympic Committee of Israel</a> had not yet been recognized, and a successor to the <a href="/wiki/German_Olympic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="German Olympic Committee">German Olympic Committee</a>, which had been dissolved during World War II, had not yet been established, but all these countries already participated in the Helsinki Games, as did <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200261_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200261-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cold War affected the participation of both the United States and the Soviet Union in the Games. The participation of the United States in the Games was decided only after the country had received an assessment of the political situation in Finland from its embassy in Helsinki. The Soviet Union was accepted as a member of the IOC in May 1951, and in December of the same year the country accepted the invitation to the competition, as the country's athletes were in medal condition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori200217_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori200217-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Soviet leadership had previously considered the Games a bourgeois event, the Helsinki Games held <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> value.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Soviet Union, billions of rubles were spent on coaching athletes in just one year.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviet Union planned to fly its athletes every day between <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Leningrad</a> and Helsinki. Another option was for Soviet athletes to stay in the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Porkkala_Naval_Base" title="Porkkala Naval Base">Porkkalanniemi</a> garrison. However, Finland required that all competitors stay in the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_village" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic village">Olympic village</a>. As a compromise solution for the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> athletes, a second Olympic village was established in <a href="/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Espoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otaniemi" title="Otaniemi">Otaniemi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori200294_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori200294-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> allowed Soviet athletes to enter the 1952 Summer Olympics because he was sure that they would win the most medals. However, American athletes secured more gold and total medals and Stalin afforded more resources for the advancement of elite athletes in the Soviet Union in the build-up to the <a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1952 Games were also threatened with cancellation due to the deteriorating world situation. The <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> had begun in 1950, which also caused concern in the organizing committee. At Von Frenckell's suggestion, the organizing committee decided to take out <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London" title="Lloyd's of London">Lloyd's of London</a> war insurance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori200220_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori200220-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_work">Construction work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Construction work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tower_of_the_Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tower_of_the_Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium.jpg/220px-Tower_of_the_Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tower_of_the_Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium.jpg/330px-Tower_of_the_Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Tower_of_the_Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium" title="Helsinki Olympic Stadium">Olympic Stadium Tower</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the venues for the competitions were completed prior to the 1940s in anticipation of successful bid attempts, but some expansion and refurbishment work was needed, including the construction of additional stands at the Olympic and Swimming Stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200224_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200224-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A residential area, Kisakylä (Olympic Village) was built south of <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4pyl%C3%A4" title="Käpylä">Käpylä</a>'s Koskelantie to accommodate competitors. The area, which was built close to the 1940 Olympics, was already the residence of the people of Helsinki at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200226_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200226-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just below the opening, the competition area was completed for the use of visitors <a href="/wiki/Kumpula_Outdoor_Swimming_Pool" title="Kumpula Outdoor Swimming Pool">Kumpula Outdoor Swimming Pool</a>. Female athletes got their own race village from the Nursing College in Meilahti.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200228_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200228-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The athletes of the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc stayed in the Teekkarikylä in Otaniemi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200226_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200226-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Finnish team lived on the premises of the <a href="/wiki/Santahamina" title="Santahamina">Santahamina</a> Army School (later the Cadet School, now the <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_University_(Finland)" title="National Defence University (Finland)">National Defence University</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200230_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200230-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The City of Helsinki prepared for the Olympics by building a new airport in <a href="/wiki/Seutula" title="Seutula">Seutula</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Helsinki-Vantaan_lentoasema" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki-Vantaan lentoasema">Helsinki-Vantaan lentoasema</a>), <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200234_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200234-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 11-story Hotelli Palace,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Olympic Pier in <a href="/wiki/South_Harbour,_Helsinki" title="South Harbour, Helsinki">South Harbor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200235_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200235-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large electric scoreboard was procured. It attracted international attention because it represented the top of its time in the scoreboard field both in terms of its system and its technology.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OMEGA debuted the OMEGA Time Recorder in Helsinki. This all-new quartz clock not only timed the events but also printed out the results. This breakthrough technology allowed official Olympic times to be accurate to 1/100th of a second. As a result, the company received the prestigious Croix du Mérite Olympique award for their efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1950 cable television was tried for the first time in Finland, in the 1952 Olympics people could watch TV sending from the stadium through <a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">coaxial cable</a> to Stockmann department store window.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Helsinki paved tens of kilometers of roads, and a myriad of houses were painted. The city's first traffic lights were installed at the intersection of <a href="/wiki/Aleksanterinkatu" title="Aleksanterinkatu">Aleksanterinkatu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikonkatu" title="Mikonkatu">Mikonkatu</a> in October 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200236_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200236-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Palace_Hotel,_Helsinki" title="Palace Hotel, Helsinki">Palace Hotel</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hotel_Vaakuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hotel Vaakuna (page does not exist)">Vaakuna Hotel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotelli_Vaakuna" class="extiw" title="fi:Hotelli Vaakuna">fi</a>]</span> among others, were completed for the needs of the guests. However, due to the relatively low number of hotels in the city, tent villages were built for tourists in <a href="/wiki/Lauttasaari" title="Lauttasaari">Lauttasaari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seurasaari" title="Seurasaari">Seurasaari</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200232_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200232-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the preparations for accommodation turned out to be considerably oversized; at its best, the occupancy rate of the 6,000-seat tent village in Lauttasaari had an occupancy of only 8 per cent. With the support of the Olympia 1952 committee, Finland's first mini golf courses were completed to entertain guests.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anthem">Anthem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anthem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The International Olympic Committee had declared in 1950 that it did not have an official Olympic anthem, but that the organizers could decide their own anthems. An anthem competition was held in Finland. In the spring of 1951, a poetry competition was announced, which was surprisingly won by an unknown teacher candidate, Niilo Partanen. Second and third came the well-known poets <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toivo_Lyy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toivo Lyy (page does not exist)">Toivo Lyy</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toivo_Lyy" class="extiw" title="fi:Toivo Lyy">fi</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Heikki_Asunta" title="Heikki Asunta">Heikki Asunta</a>. These winning poems were allowed to be used in the composition competition. The selection of the 51 compositions by a jury chaired by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jouko_Tolonen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jouko Tolonen (page does not exist)">Jouko Tolonen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jouko_Tolonen" class="extiw" title="fi:Jouko Tolonen">fi</a>]</span> was also a surprise. When the winner was announced on 17 March 1952, an unknown teacher <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaakko_Linjama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaakko Linjama (page does not exist)">Jaakko Linjama</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaakko_Linjama" class="extiw" title="fi:Jaakko Linjama">fi</a>]</span> was revealed behind the nickname, who had used Lyy's lyrics in his Olympic Hymn.<sup id="cite_ref-fanfare_and_anthem_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fanfare_and_anthem-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The nicknames of the other contestants were not opened. This caused a stir, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arijoutsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arijoutsi (page does not exist)">Arijoutsi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arijoutsi" class="extiw" title="fi:Arijoutsi">fi</a>]</span>, among others, doubted that the victory of the unknown would go to the honor of well-known composers. There were well-known members in the competition. The voters had identified the composing style of <a href="/wiki/Uuno_Klami" title="Uuno Klami">Uuno Klami</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aarre_Merikanto" title="Aarre Merikanto">Aarre Merikanto</a>, among others. The only Finnish composer who congratulated Linjamaa was <a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Jean Sibelius</a>, who did not take part in the anthem.<sup id="cite_ref-fanfare_and_anthem_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fanfare_and_anthem-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Torch_relay">Torch relay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Torch relay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympiasoihtuviestiviiri._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Olympiasoihtuviestiviiri._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg/220px-Olympiasoihtuviestiviiri._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Olympiasoihtuviestiviiri._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg/330px-Olympiasoihtuviestiviiri._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Olympiasoihtuviestiviiri._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg/440px-Olympiasoihtuviestiviiri._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg 2x" data-file-width="5617" data-file-height="3877" /></a><figcaption> Olympic torch banner, showing the torch's journey through Sweden</figcaption></figure> <p>The Olympic torch was transported by land from <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> from where fire's journey continued in a miner's lamp donated by the <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saar</a> Olympic Committee on a <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian Airlines System">SAS</a> plane to <a href="/wiki/Aalborg" title="Aalborg">Aalborg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. The glass cover surrounding the lamp was designed by the artist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakari_Tohka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakari Tohka (page does not exist)">Sakari Tohka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakari_Tohka" class="extiw" title="fi:Sakari Tohka">fi</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200269_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200269-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Olympic torch itself was designed by the artist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aukusti_Tuhka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aukusti Tuhka (page does not exist)">Aukusti Tuhka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aukusti_Tuhka" class="extiw" title="fi:Aukusti Tuhka">fi</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200270_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200270-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From Denmark, the torchlight continued by running, cycling, riding, rowing and paddling to <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, from where the fire was transported by ferry to <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> to <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a>. The journey of the torch across Sweden was carried to <a href="/wiki/Haparanda" title="Haparanda">Haparanda</a> by 700 messengers, from where it continued to the Finnish side in <a href="/wiki/Tornio" title="Tornio">Tornio</a>. On the Finnish-Swedish border bridge, the torch was received by <a href="/wiki/Ville_P%C3%B6rh%C3%B6l%C3%A4" title="Ville Pörhölä">Ville Pörhölä</a>, who brought it to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pohja_stadion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pohja stadion (page does not exist)">Tornio sports ground</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjan_stadion" class="extiw" title="fi:Pohjan stadion">fi</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200269_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200269-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Olympic torch from Tornio, Greece, was connected to <a href="/wiki/Pallastunturi" title="Pallastunturi">Pallastunturi</a> on 6 July 1952 where it ignited the “midnight sun fire”. In reality, the Pallastunturi fire was lit with <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">liquefied petroleum gas</a>, because the night in July was cloudy at that time and it was not possible to use the sun as a lighter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200273_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200273-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Tornio, the torch traveled through Finland to Helsinki. It was transported by more than 1,200 people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori200241_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori200241-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mets%C3%A4neuvos_Jarl_Sundqvist_sytytt%C3%A4%C3%A4_olympiatulta_peilin_avulla_keskiy%C3%B6n_auringosta_Pallastunturilla_6.7.1952._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Mets%C3%A4neuvos_Jarl_Sundqvist_sytytt%C3%A4%C3%A4_olympiatulta_peilin_avulla_keskiy%C3%B6n_auringosta_Pallastunturilla_6.7.1952._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg/220px-Mets%C3%A4neuvos_Jarl_Sundqvist_sytytt%C3%A4%C3%A4_olympiatulta_peilin_avulla_keskiy%C3%B6n_auringosta_Pallastunturilla_6.7.1952._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Mets%C3%A4neuvos_Jarl_Sundqvist_sytytt%C3%A4%C3%A4_olympiatulta_peilin_avulla_keskiy%C3%B6n_auringosta_Pallastunturilla_6.7.1952._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg/330px-Mets%C3%A4neuvos_Jarl_Sundqvist_sytytt%C3%A4%C3%A4_olympiatulta_peilin_avulla_keskiy%C3%B6n_auringosta_Pallastunturilla_6.7.1952._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Mets%C3%A4neuvos_Jarl_Sundqvist_sytytt%C3%A4%C3%A4_olympiatulta_peilin_avulla_keskiy%C3%B6n_auringosta_Pallastunturilla_6.7.1952._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg/440px-Mets%C3%A4neuvos_Jarl_Sundqvist_sytytt%C3%A4%C3%A4_olympiatulta_peilin_avulla_keskiy%C3%B6n_auringosta_Pallastunturilla_6.7.1952._Suomen_Urheilumuseo..jpg 2x" data-file-width="5173" data-file-height="3337" /></a><figcaption>Forest Counselor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jarl_Sundqvist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jarl Sundqvist (page does not exist)">Jarl Sundqvist</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarl_Sundqvist" class="extiw" title="fi:Jarl Sundqvist">fi</a>]</span> tries to light an Olympic torch with a mirror from the midnight sun on Pallastunturi on 6 July 1952.</figcaption></figure> <p>Initially, the aim was to transport fire to Helsinki via the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, but the matter was not settled through diplomacy by the deadline.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200269_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200269-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The journey covered a total of 7,870 kilometres on the journey that began on 25 June and ended on 19 July 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955105_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955105-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actual Olympic flame was lit for the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium" title="Helsinki Olympic Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955219_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955219-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Olympic torch relay: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a> – <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955205_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955205-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aalborg" title="Aalborg">Aalborg</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%85rhus" class="mw-redirect" title="Århus">Århus</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vejle" title="Vejle">Vejle</a> – <a href="/wiki/Odense" title="Odense">Odense</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sor%C3%B8" title="Sorø">Sorø</a> – <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955209_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955209-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a> – <a href="/wiki/Helsingborg" title="Helsingborg">Helsingborg</a> – <a href="/wiki/Laholm" title="Laholm">Laholm</a> – <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6teborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Göteborg">Göteborg</a> – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping" title="Jönköping">Jönköping</a> – <a href="/wiki/Norrk%C3%B6ping" title="Norrköping">Norrköping</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%96rebro" title="Örebro">Örebro</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> – <a href="/wiki/Uppsala" title="Uppsala">Uppsala</a> – <a href="/wiki/Falun" title="Falun">Falun</a> – <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A4vle" title="Gävle">Gävle</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hudiksvall" title="Hudiksvall">Hudiksvall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sundsvall" title="Sundsvall">Sundsvall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a> – <a href="/wiki/Skellefte%C3%A5" title="Skellefteå">Skellefteå</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boden_Municipality" title="Boden Municipality">Boden</a> – <a href="/wiki/Haparanda" title="Haparanda">Haparanda</a> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955211_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955211-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>: (midnight sun fire): <a href="/wiki/Pallastunturi" title="Pallastunturi">Pallastunturi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rovaniemi" title="Rovaniemi">Rovaniemi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tornio" title="Tornio">Tornio</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kokkola" title="Kokkola">Kokkola</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a> – <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955215–217_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955215–217-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opening_ceremony">Opening ceremony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Opening ceremony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg/220px-Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg/330px-Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg/440px-Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paavo_Nurmi" title="Paavo Nurmi">Paavo Nurmi</a> enters the Olympic Stadium</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympiakisojen_virallisen_kisajuoman_myyntipiste_Hesperian_puistossa_1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Olympiakisojen_virallisen_kisajuoman_myyntipiste_Hesperian_puistossa_1952.jpg/220px-Olympiakisojen_virallisen_kisajuoman_myyntipiste_Hesperian_puistossa_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Olympiakisojen_virallisen_kisajuoman_myyntipiste_Hesperian_puistossa_1952.jpg/330px-Olympiakisojen_virallisen_kisajuoman_myyntipiste_Hesperian_puistossa_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Olympiakisojen_virallisen_kisajuoman_myyntipiste_Hesperian_puistossa_1952.jpg/440px-Olympiakisojen_virallisen_kisajuoman_myyntipiste_Hesperian_puistossa_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="3538" /></a><figcaption>The selling point of the official competition drink of the Olympic Games</figcaption></figure> <p>The opening ceremony of the Helsinki Olympics was held on 19 July. Although the weather was rainy and chilly and the Olympic Stadium had no roof but on top of the main auditorium, the stadium was full with 70,435 spectators.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori200244_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori200244-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inaugural march had a record 5,469 people from 67 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200279_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200279-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the march, the countries organized themselves into the central lawn, and the chairman of the organizing committee, Erik von Frenckell, spoke in Finnish, Swedish, French and English. </p> <p><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Republic of Finland">President of the Republic</a> <a href="/wiki/J._K._Paasikivi" class="mw-redirect" title="J. K. Paasikivi">J. K. Paasikivi</a> gave the opening speech, which was the shortest in Olympic history and contained a mistake: it was not the "Fifteenth Olympic Games", but the XV Olympic Games and the 12th World Olympics, due to the 1916, 1940 and 1944 races had been canceled. The speech was followed by the raising of the Olympic flag and the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_fanfare_(Merikanto)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olympic fanfare (Merikanto) (page does not exist)">Olympic fanfare</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiafanfaari_(Merikanto)" class="extiw" title="fi:Olympiafanfaari (Merikanto)">fi</a>]</span></i> composed by <a href="/wiki/Aarre_Merikanto" title="Aarre Merikanto">Aarre Merikanto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fanfare_and_anthem_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fanfare_and_anthem-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200280_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200280-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The President's speech was as follows:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It gives me great pleasure to address a message of greeting to the young people of the world as they prepare for the fifteenth Olympic Games which are, once again, to be celebrated in a spirit worthy of the ideals of <a href="/wiki/Baron_de_Coubertin" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron de Coubertin">Baron de Coubertin</a>. </p><p>This happy cooperation between young people of all countries will serve the great call of concord and peace among the nations of the world. </p><p>I am particularly pleased to be sending you this advance greeting because, as a young man, I was myself an enthusiastic gymnast and athlete. And I have retained throughout my life a deep interest in athletics and sports of all kinds. </p><p> I am convinced that the Finnish people, loving sport as they do, will spare no effort to make the 1952 Olympic Games a complete success.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Olympic flame was lit by running heroes <a href="/wiki/Paavo_Nurmi" title="Paavo Nurmi">Paavo Nurmi</a> (to the stadium) and <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Kolehmainen" title="Hannes Kolehmainen">Hannes Kolehmainen</a> (to the stadium tower). When Paavo Nurmi was announced to arrive at the stadium, athletes from the participating countries deviated from the formation to see the legend better. Only the lines of the Soviet Union and Finland remained in the line.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200280_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200280-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Olympic flame was lit, the Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Ilmari_Salomies" title="Ilmari Salomies">Ilmari Salomies</a> was due to say a prayer, but German Barbara Rotbraut-Pleyer, nicknamed “White Angel of the Games”, had jumped from the auditorium onto the track and ran straight to the speaker's seat. Organizers quickly removed Pleyer, who had time to say just a few words into the microphone. Pleyer's purpose was to proclaim a message of peace. <a href="/wiki/Heikki_Savolainen_(gymnast)" title="Heikki Savolainen (gymnast)">Heikki Savolainen</a>, a gymnast who was competing in his fifth consecutive Olympic games, swore the Olympic oath on behalf of the athletes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori200252_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori200252-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Highlights">Highlights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Highlights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympiatuli_1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Olympiatuli_1952.jpg/170px-Olympiatuli_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Olympiatuli_1952.jpg/255px-Olympiatuli_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Olympiatuli_1952.jpg/340px-Olympiatuli_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2819" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption> Paavo Nurmi lighting <a href="/wiki/Olympic_flame" title="Olympic flame">Olympic flame</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1952_Summer_Olympics_torch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/1952_Summer_Olympics_torch.jpg/170px-1952_Summer_Olympics_torch.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/1952_Summer_Olympics_torch.jpg/255px-1952_Summer_Olympics_torch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/1952_Summer_Olympics_torch.jpg/340px-1952_Summer_Olympics_torch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>1952 Summer Olympics torch at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Special:EditPage/1952 Summer Olympics">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>These were the final Olympic Games organised under the IOC presidency of <a href="/wiki/Sigfrid_Edstr%C3%B6m" title="Sigfrid Edström">Sigfrid Edström</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> made its Olympic debut. The Jewish state had been unable to participate in the 1948 Games because of its <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a>. A previous Palestine Mandate team had boycotted the <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Games</a> in protest of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi</a> regime.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> made its Olympic debut with three athletes.</li> <li>The newly established <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC) participated in the Olympics for the first time, although only one swimmer (<a href="/wiki/Wu_Chuanyu" title="Wu Chuanyu">Wu Chuanyu</a>) of its 40-member delegation arrived in time to take part in the official competition.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PRC would not return to the Summer Olympics until <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles 1984">Los Angeles 1984</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (Taiwan) withdrew from the Games on July 20, in protest of the IOC decision to allow athletes from the People's Republic of China to compete.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> participated for the first time. Soviet Olympic team was notorious for skirting the edge of amateur rules. All Soviet athletes held some nominal jobs, but were in fact state-sponsored and trained full-time. According to many experts, that gave the Soviet Union a huge advantage over the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and other Western countries, whose athletes were students or real amateurs.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, the Soviet Union monopolized the top place in the medal standings after 1968, and, until its collapse, placed second only once, in the <a href="/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics" title="1984 Winter Olympics">1984 Winter games</a>, after another Eastern bloc nation, the <a href="/wiki/GDR" class="mw-redirect" title="GDR">GDR</a>. Amateur rules were relaxed only in the late 1980s and were almost completely abolished in the 1990s, after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of the USSR">fall of the USSR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Soviets turned the athletic competition into a metaphor for political propaganda: “Every record won by our sportsmen, every victory in international contests, graphically demonstrates to the whole world the advantages and strength of the Soviet system.”(<i><a href="/wiki/Sovetsky_Sport" title="Sovetsky Sport">Sovetsky Sport</a></i>) Additionally, the Soviet state media falsely claimed victory at these Games, despite the Soviet Union finishing second to the United States both in terms of gold and total medals.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Flame" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Flame">Olympic Flame</a> was lit by two Finnish heroes, <a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">runners</a> <a href="/wiki/Paavo_Nurmi" title="Paavo Nurmi">Paavo Nurmi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Kolehmainen" title="Hannes Kolehmainen">Hannes Kolehmainen</a>. Nurmi first lit the cauldron inside the stadium, and later the flame was relayed to the stadium tower where Kolehmainen lit it. Only the flame in the tower was burning throughout the Olympics. (See: <a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay" title="1952 Summer Olympics torch relay">1952 Summer Olympics torch relay</a>.)</li> <li>Germany and Japan were invited after being barred in 1948. Following the post-war occupation and partition, three German states had been established. Teams from the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Saar_(protectorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saar (protectorate)">Saarland</a> (which joined the FRG after 1955) participated; the <a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="German Democratic Republic">German Democratic Republic</a> (East Germany) was absent. Though they won 24 medals, the fifth-highest total at the Games, German competitors failed to win a gold medal for the only time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Per%C3%B3n" title="Eva Perón">Eva Perón</a>, the celebrated <a href="/wiki/First_Ladies_and_Gentlemen_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="First Ladies and Gentlemen of Argentina">First Lady of Argentina</a>, died of cancer in July 1952 while the Olympics were taking place, so a memorial was held at the Games for the <a href="/wiki/Argentina_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Argentina at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Argentine team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports_events">Sports events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sports events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were 4,925 athletes from 69 countries, with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_at_the_Olympics" title="Soviet Union at the Olympics">Soviet Union</a> making its Olympic debut and <a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Germany</a> participating for the first time since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. A total of 149 events were held in 17 different sports.<sup id="cite_ref-archive_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-facts_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most-medalling athletes of the Games were <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Chukarin" title="Viktor Chukarin">Viktor Chukarin</a> of the Soviet Union, who won four gymnastics Olympic gold medals, and <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia_at_the_Olympics" title="Czechoslovakia at the Olympics">Czechoslovakia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Emil_Z%C3%A1topek" title="Emil Zátopek">Emil Zátopek</a>, who won three track golds. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1952 Summer Olympics">United States</a> won the most gold and total medals, with 40 and 76. The host country, <a href="/wiki/Finland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Finland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Finland</a>, had 6 gold, 3 silver and 13 bronze medals.<sup id="cite_ref-about_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-event_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-event-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sr_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shooting">Shooting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Shooting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juhlaliputettu_Malmin_ampumarata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Juhlaliputettu_Malmin_ampumarata.jpg/220px-Juhlaliputettu_Malmin_ampumarata.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Juhlaliputettu_Malmin_ampumarata.jpg/330px-Juhlaliputettu_Malmin_ampumarata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Juhlaliputettu_Malmin_ampumarata.jpg/440px-Juhlaliputettu_Malmin_ampumarata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption>Malmi Shooting Range</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Shooting at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>Shooting was competed in seven events, six of which (rifle sports) were conducted at the <a href="/wiki/Malmi_Shooting_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Malmi Shooting Range">Malmi Shooting Range</a> in moderately difficult wind conditions. Tough results were still fired in Helsinki, as the top four deer shooting broke world records. World records for knee position were also broken in free and small rifles. Shotgun shooting took place at the Huopalahti shooting range.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström2002118_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström2002118-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ten countries took medals from the shooting. Norway was the only country to win two gold medals, with the Soviet Union winning the most medals. <a href="/wiki/Boris_Andreyev_(shooter)" title="Boris Andreyev (shooter)">Boris Andreyev</a> was the only Soviet shooter to win two multiple medals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996166_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996166-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Finnish winner was already celebrated in a miniature rifle when <a href="/wiki/Vilho_Yl%C3%B6nen" title="Vilho Ylönen">Vilho Ylönen</a> had time to play on the radio <i><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rneborgarnas_marsch" title="Björneborgarnas marsch">Björneborgarnas marsch</a></i>. However, in an hour-long countdown, the Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Erling_Asbj%C3%B8rn_Kongshaug" class="mw-redirect" title="Erling Asbjørn Kongshaug">Erling Asbjørn Kongshaug</a> was declared the winner of the competition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002160–162_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002160–162-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Football_match_Hungary-Finland_1952_(7-OS;_JOKAHBL3D_C01-3).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Football_match_Hungary-Finland_1952_%287-OS%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-3%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Football_match_Hungary-Finland_1952_%287-OS%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-3%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Football_match_Hungary-Finland_1952_%287-OS%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-3%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Football_match_Hungary-Finland_1952_%287-OS%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-3%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Football_match_Hungary-Finland_1952_%287-OS%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-3%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Football_match_Hungary-Finland_1952_%287-OS%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-3%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5995" data-file-height="4307" /></a><figcaption>Football match between Hungary and Finland, <a href="/wiki/Veikko_Asikainen" title="Veikko Asikainen">Veikko Asikainen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Puskas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferenc Puskas">Ferenc Puskas</a> are in the forefront</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>The football tournament started even before the official opening, as the one-piece qualifiers took place on 15–16 July in Kotka, Lahti, Tampere, Turku and Helsinki. There were 27 countries registered for the tournament, but <a href="/wiki/Saarland_national_football_team" title="Saarland national football team">Saarland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican national football team">Mexico</a> dropped out before the Games.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström2002130_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström2002130-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian national football team">Hungary</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Team" title="Golden Team">Golden Team</a></i> won the gold when it knocked down the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav national football team">Yugoslavia</a> in the final with a score of 2–0. <a href="/wiki/Swedish_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish national football team">Sweden</a> won a bronze medal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996168_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996168-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the final, the Olympic Stadium had 58 553 paid spectators, the largest number of spectators in Finland watching a football match.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori200273_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori200273-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first meeting between the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_national_football_team" title="Soviet Union national football team">Soviet Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_national_football_team" title="Yugoslavia national football team">Yugoslavia</a> in football is still amongst the most famous matches. On the political level, the Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> and the Yugoslav leader <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Tito</a> <a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_Split" class="mw-redirect" title="Tito–Stalin Split">split in 1948</a>, which resulted in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> being excluded from the <a href="/wiki/Informbiro_period" title="Informbiro period">Communist Information Bureau</a>. The origin of the conflict was Tito's refusal to submit to Stalin's interpretations and visions of politics and in process becoming a Soviet <a href="/wiki/Satellite_state" title="Satellite state">satellite state</a>. Before the match, both Tito and Stalin sent telegrams to their national teams, which showed just how important it was for the two head of states. Yugoslavia led 5–1, but a Soviet comeback in the last 15 minutes resulted in a 5–5 draw. The match was replayed, Yugoslavia winning 3–1. The defeat to the archrivals hit Soviet football hard, and after just three games played in the season, <a href="/wiki/PFC_CSKA_Moscow" title="PFC CSKA Moscow">CSKA Moscow</a>, who had made up most of the USSR squad, was forced to withdraw from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Top_League" title="Soviet Top League">league</a> by Joseph Stalin and later disbanded. Furthermore, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Arkadiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Boris Arkadiev">Boris Arkadiev</a>, who coached both USSR and CDKA, was stripped of his <a href="/wiki/Unified_Sports_Classification_System_of_the_USSR_and_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Sports Classification System of the USSR and Russia">Merited Master of Sports</a> of the USSR title.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basketball">Basketball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Basketball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suomi-Mexico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Suomi-Mexico.jpg/220px-Suomi-Mexico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Suomi-Mexico.jpg/330px-Suomi-Mexico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Suomi-Mexico.jpg/440px-Suomi-Mexico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Finland_men%27s_national_basketball_team" title="Finland men's national basketball team">Finland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexico_men%27s_national_basketball_team" title="Mexico men's national basketball team">Mexico</a> in the preliminary stage</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Basketball at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Basketball at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>23 teams entered basketball, ten of which made it directly to the actual tournament. The remaining 13 countries took the final six places in the Olympic tournament before the official opening of the Olympic Games.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955672_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955672-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In basketball, the gold medal was won by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_men%27s_national_basketball_team" title="United States men's national basketball team">United States</a>, who defeated <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_men%27s_national_basketball_team" title="Soviet Union men's national basketball team">Soviet Union</a> in the final 36–25. The final match was relatively slow-paced, as the Soviet Union tried to keep up with the United States by freezing the game. The United States had already clearly beat the Soviet Union 86–58 earlier in the tournament. The bronze was won by <a href="/wiki/Uruguay_men%27s_national_basketball_team" title="Uruguay men's national basketball team">Uruguay</a>, who also organized a mass battle after being dissatisfied with the referee's work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002180_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002180-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Field_hockey">Field hockey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Field hockey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Field hockey at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>Field hockey was included in the Helsinki Olympic Games in the range of sports on the condition that a maximum of 12 teams register for the Games. In the end, 16 teams applied for the competition, from which the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Hockey_sur_Gazon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération Internationale de Hockey sur Gazon">International Field Hockey Federation</a> selected 12 countries to participate in the competition venue. Eventually, four countries dropped out of the Games, so anyone was able to take part in the Olympic tournament.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955690_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955690-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tournament started with two rounds before the Games opened,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955690_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955690-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the final match was held on July 24.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955691_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955691-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/India_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="India men's national field hockey team">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Netherlands men's national field hockey team">Netherlands</a> met in the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Velodrome" title="Helsinki Velodrome">Velodrome</a> final with India winning its fifth consecutive gold under captaincy of <a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Digvijay_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunwar Digvijay Singh">Kunwar Digvijay Singh</a> with a score of 6–1.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002180_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002180-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canoeing">Canoeing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Canoeing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Canoeing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Canoeing at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Canoeing" title="Canoeing">Canoeing</a> competitions were held <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taivallahti_(Helsinki)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taivallahti (Helsinki) (page does not exist)">Taivallahti</a> 27–28 July. There were a total of 159 participants in eight men's and women's only races, coming from 21 countries. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955624_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955624-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canoeing was a celebration in Finland, as four of the nine sports went to the host country. In addition, the Finns took one silver and a bronze. The double gold medalists were <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Wires" title="Kurt Wires">Kurt Wires</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yrj%C3%B6_Hietanen" title="Yrjö Hietanen">Yrjö Hietanen</a> who won the <a href="/wiki/Kayak" title="Kayak">kayak</a> duo's 1,000 and 10,000 meters. In the only women's sport, the 500-meter kayak unit, gold was taken by <a href="/wiki/Sylvi_Saimo" title="Sylvi Saimo">Sylvi Saimo</a>, who was the first Finnish female gold medalist in the summer competitions. The second most successful country in kayaking was Sweden, which won one gold and three silver.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996165_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996165-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fencing">Fencing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Fencing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Fencing at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>Helsinki Olympics <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a> competitions were held on the <a href="/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Espoo</a> side of the <a href="/wiki/Westend_Tennis_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Westend Tennis Hall">Westend Tennis Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002126_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002126-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The men competed with <a href="/wiki/%C3%89p%C3%A9e" title="Épée">Épée</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabre_(fencing)" title="Sabre (fencing)">sabre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foil_(fencing)" title="Foil (fencing)">foil</a> in both personal competition and team competition. The women had only a personal competition for foil in the program. There were 250 men and 37 women from 32 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955471_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955471-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Italy, Hungary and France were, as usual, the best fencing countries and took all the gold medals. A total of six countries reached medals. The Mangiarot brothers <a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Mangiarotti" title="Edoardo Mangiarotti">Edoardo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dario_Mangiarotti" title="Dario Mangiarotti">Dario</a> took a double victory over the film. Hungarian swordsmen won a triple victory over the preserve.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996166–167_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996166–167-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Pentathlon">Modern Pentathlon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Modern Pentathlon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Modern pentathlon at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Modern pentathlon at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>The Modern pentathlon Olympic competitions was held at Ahvenisto <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4meenlinna" title="Hämeenlinna">Hämeenlinna</a>. A total of 51 competitors from 19 countries entered the sport. For the first time in Olympic history, the sport also included a team competition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955505_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955505-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sweden, Hungary and Finland shared the medals. Sweden's <a href="/wiki/Lars_Hall" title="Lars Hall">Lars Hall</a> won the individual competition, and Hungary was the best in the team competition. Before Hall, all Olympic winners of the sport have been <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officers</a>. However, Hall was a carpenter by profession.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996167_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996167-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boxing">Boxing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Boxing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsinki_Olympics_1952_(334-OS;_JOKAHBL3D_C01-126).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Helsinki_Olympics_1952_%28334-OS%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-126%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Helsinki_Olympics_1952_%28334-OS%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-126%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Helsinki_Olympics_1952_%28334-OS%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-126%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Helsinki_Olympics_1952_%28334-OS%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-126%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Helsinki_Olympics_1952_%28334-OS%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-126%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Helsinki_Olympics_1952_%28334-OS%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-126%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6152" data-file-height="4521" /></a><figcaption>The Finnish boxers exercise. <a href="/wiki/Pentti_Niinivuori" title="Pentti Niinivuori">Pentti Niinivuori</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erkki_Mallenius" title="Erkki Mallenius">Erkki Mallenius</a> amongst others are watching while <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rje_Gr%C3%B6nroos" title="Börje Grönroos">Börje Grönroos</a> is boxing</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Boxing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Boxing at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6_Sports_Hall" title="Töölö Sports Hall">Töölö Sports Hall</a> held Olympic boxing between 28 July to 2 August in ten weight classes. There were a total of 240 participants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955396_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955396-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 17 countries won medals. The most successful boxing country was the United States, which won five gold. The Soviet Union won the most medals, but its boxers did not win a single championship. Finnish boxers reached five medals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996160–161_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996160–161-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the middle series, the American <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Patterson" title="Floyd Patterson">Floyd Patterson</a> knocked out Romanian <a href="/wiki/Vasile_Ti%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Vasile Tiță">Vasile Tiță</a> in a record-breaking 42 seconds. The American <a href="/wiki/Norvel_Lee" title="Norvel Lee">Norvel Lee</a>, who won the heavyweight series, was awarded as the most technical boxer in the Games. In the heavyweight series <a href="/wiki/Ed_Sanders_(boxer)" title="Ed Sanders (boxer)">Ed Sanders</a> got gold when the Swedish <a href="/wiki/Ingemar_Johansson" title="Ingemar Johansson">Ingemar Johansson</a> was rejected for his passivity. Johansson did not receive his silver medal until 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996161_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996161-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wrestling">Wrestling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Wrestling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsinki_Olympic_Games_1952_(Numeroimaton;_JOKAHBL3D_C01-223).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Helsinki_Olympic_Games_1952_%28Numeroimaton%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-223%29.tif/lossy-page1-250px-Helsinki_Olympic_Games_1952_%28Numeroimaton%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-223%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Helsinki_Olympic_Games_1952_%28Numeroimaton%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-223%29.tif/lossy-page1-375px-Helsinki_Olympic_Games_1952_%28Numeroimaton%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-223%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Helsinki_Olympic_Games_1952_%28Numeroimaton%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-223%29.tif/lossy-page1-500px-Helsinki_Olympic_Games_1952_%28Numeroimaton%3B_JOKAHBL3D_C01-223%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6099" data-file-height="4451" /></a><figcaption>Wrestling in Helsinki</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Wrestling at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>Wrestling was held in Helsinki in eight weight classes in both <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman wrestling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle wrestling</a>. All finals were held in the larger Exhibition Hall I, but freestyle wrestling events were held in the smaller Exhibition Hall II. Free button competitions were held on 20–23. July, and Greco-Roman wrestling matches took place on 24–27 July.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955346_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955346-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most successful wrestling country was the Soviet Union, whose athletes won six gold and a total of ten medals in the sport. Sweden dominated free wrestling and received the second highest number of medals in wrestling overall.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996159–160_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996159–160-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overwhelming athlete in wrestling was the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kotkas" title="Johannes Kotkas">Johannes Kotkas</a>, who competed in the heavy series of Greco-Roman wrestling. He managed to beat all his opponents in less than five minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996160_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996160-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weightlifting">Weightlifting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Weightlifting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mannerheimintie_17_-_Helsinki_1952_-_N157785_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000m5ul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mannerheimintie_17_-_Helsinki_1952_-_N157785_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000m5ul.jpg/250px-Mannerheimintie_17_-_Helsinki_1952_-_N157785_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000m5ul.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mannerheimintie_17_-_Helsinki_1952_-_N157785_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000m5ul.jpg/375px-Mannerheimintie_17_-_Helsinki_1952_-_N157785_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000m5ul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mannerheimintie_17_-_Helsinki_1952_-_N157785_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000m5ul.jpg/500px-Mannerheimintie_17_-_Helsinki_1952_-_N157785_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000m5ul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3560" data-file-height="2339" /></a><figcaption>Weightlifting light heavyweight (90kg) competition in the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6n_kisahalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Töölön kisahalli">Töölön kisahalli</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Weightlifting at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>The Olympic weightlifting competition was held in seven weight classes with 141 competitors. Initially, there were to be only six weight classes, but a light heavyweight series was also added to the program, as a result of which the weight limit for the heavyweight series increased from 82.5 kilograms to 90 kilograms. The addition of the new weight class took place so late that there was no time to change the race program. Weightlifting was carried out according to plan at the Exhibition Hall on 25–27 July.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955382_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955382-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All seven gold medals were awarded to athletes from the United States and the Soviet Union. The Soviets won a total of seven medals, but the Americans took four championships, while the Soviets only took three. A total of five world records were set in weightlifting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996160–161_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996160–161-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the heavyweight series <a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(weightlifter)" title="John Davis (weightlifter)">John Davis</a> continued his superiority, Davis had not lost a single event since 1938 and continued with his victory in Helsinki as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996161_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996161-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sailing">Sailing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sailing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Sailing at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1952_5.5m_race.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1952_5.5m_race.PNG/220px-1952_5.5m_race.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1952_5.5m_race.PNG/330px-1952_5.5m_race.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1952_5.5m_race.PNG/440px-1952_5.5m_race.PNG 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>5.5m class competition. The second boat left is the championship winning <i>Complex II</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The competition took place in the waters of Helsinki from 20 to 28 May in five different categories. Larger boats sailed in front of <a href="/wiki/Harmaja" title="Harmaja">Harmaja</a> lighthouse island, and the <a href="/wiki/Finn_(dinghy)" title="Finn (dinghy)">Finn</a> race was held near <a href="/wiki/Liuskasaari" title="Liuskasaari">Liuskasaari</a>. A total of 93 crews from 29 countries took part in the competition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955638_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955638-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States, Norway and Sweden took three medals. The United States was the only country to reach two gold medals in sailing. In the <a href="/wiki/Finn_(dinghy)" title="Finn (dinghy)">Finn</a> that developed from the Firefly class, the Danish <a href="/wiki/Paul_Elvstr%C3%B8m" title="Paul Elvstrøm">Paul Elvstrøm</a> won the overwhelming championship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996165–166_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996165–166-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gold medal was the second in Elvstrøm's career. He later became the first athlete to win the same sport four times in a row (individual disciplines).<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Cycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Cycling at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg/220px-Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg/330px-Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg/440px-Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2890" /></a><figcaption>Racers turn from Käpyläntie to Koskelantie during the road cycling race.</figcaption></figure> <p>In cycling, medals were awarded in six sports, four for <a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">track cycling</a> and two for <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">road racing</a>. In total, 214 competitors from 36 countries took part in the cycling. Track cycling competitions were held from 29 to 31 July and road driving on 2 August. </p><p>A total of seven countries collected medals and gold medals went to Italy, Australia and Belgium. Italy was the most successful country with five medals. Two gold medals went to Australian <a href="/wiki/Russell_Mockridge" title="Russell Mockridge">Russell Mockridge</a>, who won the championship in the kilometer time trial and with his partner in tandem racing, and the Belgian <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Noyelle" title="André Noyelle">André Noyelle</a>, who won the 190 kilometer road race personal competition and team competition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996164_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996164-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equestrian">Equestrian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Equestrian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Equestrian at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>Equestrian events were competed in <a href="/wiki/Dressage" title="Dressage">dressage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">Eventing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">show jumping</a> in person and in team competition in a total of six sports. Eight countries won medals in horseback riding, and Sweden was by far the most successful country. The Swedes won both races in both dressage and field riding.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996167_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996167-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the events in first time non-military officers including women were allowed to take part in dressage events in Helsinki. In a show jumping, Danish <a href="/wiki/Lis_Hartel" title="Lis Hartel">Lis Hartel</a>, paralyzed from her knees down, was the first woman to win a riding medal after finishing second in the Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996167_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996167-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rowing">Rowing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Rowing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rowing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Rowing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Rowing at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">Rowers</a> competed in seven sports from the 20th to the 23rd of July.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955606_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955606-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The competition was held in <a href="/wiki/Meilahti" title="Meilahti">Meilahti</a>, as Taivallahti, where the canoeing competitions took place, was too open to the sea breeze.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka195554_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka195554-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were a total of 409 entrants from 33 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955606_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955606-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Representatives from fourteen countries won medals, and only American rowers won two gold medals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996164_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996164-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The youngest Olympic winner of the Games was seen in Rowing. In the coxswain duo, the French winning team included 14 years old <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malivoire" title="Bernard Malivoire">Bernard Malivoire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955607_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955607-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diving">Diving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-287_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-287_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfl.jpg/220px-Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-287_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-287_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfl.jpg/330px-Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-287_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-287_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfl.jpg/440px-Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-287_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2641" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption>Diving competitions at <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Swimming_Stadium" title="Helsinki Swimming Stadium">Helsinki Swimming Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Diving_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Diving at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Diving at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>Diving competed in a total of four men's and women's events. The United States led the events, as nine of the 12 medals in the distribution went to the country. In addition to the United States, only France, Mexico and Germany won medals in the sport. <a href="/wiki/Pat_McCormick_(diver)" title="Pat McCormick (diver)">Patricia McCormick</a> won Olympic gold in the women's events from both the three-meter springboard and the ten-meter floor jump.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996158–159_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996158–159-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swimming">Swimming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Swimming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Swimming at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Swimming_Stadium" title="Helsinki Swimming Stadium">Helsinki Swimming Stadium</a> men competed in six sports and women in five sports. High-level competitions were held from July 25 to 2 August. <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1948 Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics in London</a> had resulted in significant progress in the sport, and every Olympic record was broken in each event.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955558_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955558-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Americans dominated men's events and the Hungarians dominated women. Both countries won four gold medals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996158–159_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996158–159-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ford_Konno" title="Ford Konno">Ford Konno</a> was the most successful swimmer with two gold medals and one silver. In the women's events <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Sz%C5%91ke" title="Katalin Szőke">Katalin Szőke</a> won two gold medals and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89va_Nov%C3%A1k" class="mw-redirect" title="Éva Novák">Éva Novák</a> two silver in addition to the gold medal. The only world record in the Games was set by the Hungarian women's 4 × 100 meter freestyle message team. The Helsinki Olympics, was the last instance where competitors could participate in <a href="/wiki/Breaststroke" title="Breaststroke">Breaststroke</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Butterfly_stroke" title="Butterfly stroke">butterfly stroke</a>. In the men's events, no athlete swimming in the breaststroke style made it to the finals. In women, Novák won silver.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996158–159_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996158–159-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_polo">Water polo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Water polo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-286_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfj.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-286_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfj.jpg/220px-Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-286_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfj.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-286_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfj.jpg/330px-Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-286_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-286_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfj.jpg/440px-Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952_-_XLVIII-286_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000mrfj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2569" /></a><figcaption>Water polo match at <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Swimming_Stadium" title="Helsinki Swimming Stadium">Helsinki Swimming Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Water polo at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Water polo at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>A total of 21 countries took part in the water polo tournament. The initial series of the Games was to be played in the offshore pools, but due to the coolness of the water, the <a href="/wiki/FINA" class="mw-redirect" title="FINA">International Swimming Federation</a> ordered all the matches to be played at the Swimming Stadium. Because of this, some of the matches in the first series had to be played as early as six in the morning.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström2002121_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström2002121-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The water polo championship was decided in the final block, where the four teams faced each other once. <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_national_water_polo_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian national water polo team">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_men%27s_national_water_polo_team" title="Yugoslavia men's national water polo team">Yugoslavia</a> ended in a draw after winning two other matches and playing 2–2 each other. Hungary won gold with a better goal difference.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström2002121_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström2002121-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>The 1952 Olympic gymnastics was dominated by the Soviet Union, which despite participating in the Games for the first time, had already been an established gymnastics power by 1952. The USSR's athletes won nine gold medals and took a total of 22 medals. Finland, Germany and Switzerland, who previously dominated the gymnastics at the Olympics, were content with more modest success.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori200287_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori200287-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of fifteen medals were awarded, eight men's and seven women's sports.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996162–163_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996162–163-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most personal medals in gymnastics were taken by <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Chukarin" title="Viktor Chukarin">Viktor Chukarin</a> in the men's events and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Gorokhovskaya" title="Maria Gorokhovskaya">Maria Gorokhovskaya</a> in the women's events. Chukarin won four gold and two silver. Gorokhovskaya won medals in every women's sport. Her seven-medal catch (two gold and five silver) was a record for one women's Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996162–163_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996162–163-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletics">Athletics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Athletics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zatopek-Gorno-1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Zatopek-Gorno-1952.jpg/220px-Zatopek-Gorno-1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Zatopek-Gorno-1952.jpg/330px-Zatopek-Gorno-1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Zatopek-Gorno-1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Emil_Z%C3%A1topek" title="Emil Zátopek">Emil Zátopek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reinaldo_Gorno" title="Reinaldo Gorno">Reinaldo Gorno</a> after the marathon.</figcaption></figure> <p>Athletics was competed in 33 sports, 24 for men and 9 for women. By far the most successful state was the United States, which won 31 medals, nine of which were gold. The Soviet Union reached 17 medals, but won only two championships, and the eight-medal country Germany was left without first places. The second medalist was Czechoslovakia, with four of the five medals being the brightest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996155–158_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996155–158-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Emil_Z%C3%A1topek" title="Emil Zátopek">Emil Zátopek</a> won the 5,000 and 10,000 meters, as well as the marathon, which he had never run before, all in new Olympic record times. On the women's side, the Australian <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Marjorie Jackson">Marjorie Jackson</a> won the 100 and 200 meter runs. World records were set in seven events. In the triple jump <a href="/wiki/Adhemar_Ferreira_da_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="Adhemar Ferreira da Silva">Adhemar Ferreira da Silva</a> broke the old world record four times. In the decathlon, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Mathias" title="Bob Mathias">Bob Mathias</a> made a new ME and took the victory with a total score of 7,887 points, more than 900 points to the next.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996155–158_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996155–158-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Josy_Barthel" title="Josy Barthel">Josy Barthel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> pulled a major surprise by winning the 1500 m. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demonstration_sports">Demonstration sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Demonstration sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Handball_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Handball at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Handball at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pes%C3%A4pallo_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Pesäpallo at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Pesäpallo at the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>According to the Olympic rules, the organizer of the Games was allowed to choose between two types of demonstration sports, one from abroad and one from Finland. In connection with the Helsinki Games, a <a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">handball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pes%C3%A4pallo" title="Pesäpallo">pesäpallo</a> (Finnish baseball) match was held. In the handball match of the Games, Sweden and Denmark faced at the Olympic Stadium. The level of playing outside was modest due to heavy rain. Sweden won by a goal from 19 to 11.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström2002122_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström2002122-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pesäpallo match was also played at the Olympic Stadium. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_Baseball_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish Baseball Federation (page does not exist)">Finnish Baseball Federation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suomen_Pes%C3%A4palloliitto" class="extiw" title="fi:Suomen Pesäpalloliitto">fi</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Workers%27_Sports_Federation" title="Finnish Workers' Sports Federation">Finnish Workers' Sports Federation</a> teams competed in the event. The Baseball Federation won the match 8–4. During the breaks in both shows, the audience was entertained by the performances of Finnish male and female gymnasts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström2002125_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström2002125-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Events of the 1952 Summer Olympics </th></tr> <tr> <td> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 17em;"> <ul><li>Aquatics <ul><li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Diving_pictogram.svg/20px-Diving_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Diving_pictogram.svg/30px-Diving_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Diving_pictogram.svg/40px-Diving_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Diving_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Diving at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Diving</a> <small>(4)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/20px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/30px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/40px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Swimming</a> <small>(11)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/20px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/30px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Water polo at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Water polo</a> <small>(1)</small></li></ul></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/20px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/30px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/40px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a> <small>(33)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Basketball_pictogram.svg/20px-Basketball_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Basketball_pictogram.svg/30px-Basketball_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Basketball_pictogram.svg/40px-Basketball_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Basketball at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Basketball</a> <small>(1)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Boxing_pictogram.svg/20px-Boxing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Boxing_pictogram.svg/30px-Boxing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Boxing_pictogram.svg/40px-Boxing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Boxing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Boxing</a> <small>(10)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Canoeing_%28slalom%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Canoeing_%28slalom%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Canoeing_%28slalom%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Canoeing_%28slalom%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Canoeing_%28slalom%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Canoeing_%28slalom%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Canoeing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Canoeing</a> <small>(9)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Cycling</a> <ul><li>Road <small>(2)</small></li> <li>Track <small>(4)</small></li></ul></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Equestrian_pictogram.svg/20px-Equestrian_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Equestrian_pictogram.svg/30px-Equestrian_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Equestrian_pictogram.svg/40px-Equestrian_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Equestrian</a> <ul><li>Dressage <small>(2)</small></li> <li>Eventing <small>(2)</small></li> <li>Show jumping <small>(2)</small></li></ul></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/20px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/30px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/40px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Fencing</a> <small>(7)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Field_hockey_pictogram.svg/20px-Field_hockey_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Field_hockey_pictogram.svg/30px-Field_hockey_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Field_hockey_pictogram.svg/40px-Field_hockey_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Field hockey</a> <small>(1)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Football_pictogram.svg/20px-Football_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Football_pictogram.svg/30px-Football_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Football_pictogram.svg/40px-Football_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Football</a> <small>(1)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Gymnastics</a> <small>(15)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_%28pre-2025%29.svg/20px-Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_%28pre-2025%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_%28pre-2025%29.svg/30px-Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_%28pre-2025%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_%28pre-2025%29.svg/40px-Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_%28pre-2025%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Modern pentathlon at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Modern pentathlon</a> <small>(2)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rowing_pictogram.svg/20px-Rowing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rowing_pictogram.svg/30px-Rowing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rowing_pictogram.svg/40px-Rowing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rowing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Rowing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Rowing</a> <small>(7)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/20px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/30px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/40px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Sailing</a> <small>(5)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/20px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/30px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/40px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Shooting</a> <small>(7)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/20px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/30px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/40px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Weightlifting</a> <small>(7)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/20px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/30px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/40px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Wrestling</a> <ul><li>Freestyle <small>(8)</small></li> <li>Greco-Roman <small>(8)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Handball at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Handball</a> (Demonstration)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pes%C3%A4pallo_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Pesäpallo at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Pesäpallo</a> (Demonstration)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Venues">Venues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Venues_of_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Venues of the 1952 Summer Olympics">Venues of the 1952 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>With an annual average temperature of 5.9 °C (42.6 °F), Helsinki is one of the coldest cities to have hosted the Summer Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the competition venues were located in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki Metropolitan Area">Helsinki Metropolitan Area</a>. Modern pentathlon and some field hockey games were held in <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4meenlinna" title="Hämeenlinna">Hämeenlinna</a><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some football games by <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahti" title="Lahti">Lahti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kotka" title="Kotka">Kotka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a>. </p><p>The main arena was the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium" title="Helsinki Olympic Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a>, which hosted the opening and closing ceremonies, athletics competitions, football semi-finals and finals, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">show jumping</a> competition “Prix des Nations” were held.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka195544_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka195544-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stadium was built for the 1940 Olympics and opened as early as 1938, but had suffered under the bombing of World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200224_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200224-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had to undergo expansion and refurbishment work. The concrete auditorium section was expanded and a new temporary wooden auditorium was built on the south and north curves and on the east side, which increased the Stadium's audience capacity to about 70,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori200222_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori200222-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsinki_Velodromi_ECMC_2006_-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Helsinki_Velodromi_ECMC_2006_-2.jpg/220px-Helsinki_Velodromi_ECMC_2006_-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Helsinki_Velodromi_ECMC_2006_-2.jpg/330px-Helsinki_Velodromi_ECMC_2006_-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Helsinki_Velodromi_ECMC_2006_-2.jpg/440px-Helsinki_Velodromi_ECMC_2006_-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2462" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption>The Helsinki Velodrome was used to cycle the Olympic starts. Pictured are cyclists from the 2006 Bicycle Race.</figcaption></figure> <p>The swimming competitions were held at <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Swimming_Stadium" title="Helsinki Swimming Stadium">Helsinki Swimming Stadium</a>, located just a few hundred meters east of the Olympic Stadium and with three pools: a racing, diving and children's pool.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka195547_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka195547-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The swimming stadium could accommodate about 9,500 spectators, while the wooden eastern and standing stands for the Games could accommodate a total of about 6,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka195548_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka195548-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fair Hall near the stadiums (now <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6_Sports_Hall" title="Töölö Sports Hall">Töölö Sports Hall</a>) many of the indoor events were held in two separate halls. In the bigger hall, men competed in gymnastics, wrestling and boxing. The smaller hall hosts the women's gymnastics, freestyle wrestling, weightlifting and basketball finals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka195551_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka195551-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Basketball first round matches were played at <a href="/wiki/Tennis_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennis Palace">Tennis Palace</a> and fencing competitions were held at the <a href="/wiki/Westend,_Espoo" title="Westend, Espoo">Westend</a> tennis center in Espoo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka195557_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka195557-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The shooting events took place at the <a href="/wiki/Malmi_shooting_range" title="Malmi shooting range">Malmi shooting range</a> 11 kilometers from the center of Helsinki, with the exception of clay pigeon shooting. Clay pigeon shooting was performed on the Finnish Hunters' Association track <a href="/wiki/Huopalahti" title="Huopalahti">Huopalahti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka195557_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka195557-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/Ruskeasuo" title="Ruskeasuo">Ruskeasuo</a> competed in dressage as well as in <a href="/wiki/Tali,_Helsinki" title="Tali, Helsinki">Tali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laakso" title="Laakso">Laakso</a> in field riding.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka195558_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka195558-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6_Rowing_Stadium" title="Töölö Rowing Stadium">Töölö Rowing Stadium</a> was built for rowing and canoeing events one kilometer from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taivallahti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taivallahti (page does not exist)">Taivallahti</a>. However, the place was not accepted as a place for rowing competitions, as it was open to the sea breeze.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka195552_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka195552-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rowing took place in <a href="/wiki/Meilahti" title="Meilahti">Meilahti</a> about three kilometers from the Stadium. The place was considerably more sheltered than Taivallahti.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka195554_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka195554-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harmaja" title="Harmaja">Harmaja</a>, a lighthouse island a couple of kilometers off the coast of Helsinki, was the starting and finishing area for larger sailing classes. <a href="/wiki/Finn_(dinghy)" title="Finn (dinghy)">Finn</a> was the starting and finish point of the race <a href="/wiki/Liuskasaari" title="Liuskasaari">Liuskasaari</a> close to the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka195558_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka195558-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">Marathon</a> running route was north of the Stadium to <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4pyl%C3%A4" title="Käpylä">Käpylä</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakila" title="Pakila">Pakinkylä</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuomarinkyl%C3%A4" title="Tuomarinkylä">Tuomarinkylä</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vantaa" title="Vantaa">Vantaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tikkurila" title="Tikkurila">Tikkurila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korso" title="Korso">Korso</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Tuusula" title="Tuusula">Tuusula</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A4t%C3%A4kivenm%C3%A4ki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mätäkivenmäki (page does not exist)">Mätäkivenmäki</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4t%C3%A4kivenm%C3%A4ki" class="extiw" title="fi:Mätäkivenmäki">fi</a>]</span> there was a turning point from which the runners set off on their way back to the Stadium. The 50-kilometer walk was organized along the same route.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955306_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955306-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A memorial stone was later erected at the turning point along Old Tuusulantie. </p><p>A swimming stadium was built in Hämeenlinna for <a href="/wiki/Ahvenisto" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahvenisto">Ahvenisto</a> for the pentathlon. The other four pentathlon events were also held in the vicinity of Ahvenisto.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200225_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200225-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Venues of the 1952 Summer Olympics </th></tr> <tr> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 17em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4meenlinna" title="Hämeenlinna">Hämeenlinna</a> – Modern pentathlon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmaja" title="Harmaja">Harmaja</a> – Sailing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonera_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonera Stadium">Helsinki Football Grounds</a> – Football</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huopalahti" title="Huopalahti">Huopalahti</a> – Shooting (shotgun)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4pyl%C3%A4" title="Käpylä">Käpylä</a> – Cycling (road)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arto_Tolsa_Areena" title="Arto Tolsa Areena">Kotka</a> – Football</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laakso" title="Laakso">Laakso</a> – Equestrian (eventing – riding)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahden_kisapuisto" title="Lahden kisapuisto">Lahti</a> – Football</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuskasaari" title="Liuskasaari">Liuskasaari</a> – Sailing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malmi,_Helsinki" title="Malmi, Helsinki">Malmi Rifle Range</a> – Shooting (pistol/ rifle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maunula" title="Maunula">Maunula</a> – Cycling (road)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meilahti" title="Meilahti">Meilahti</a> – Rowing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6_Sports_Hall" title="Töölö Sports Hall">Messuhalli</a> – Basketball (final), boxing, gymnastics, weightlifting, wrestling</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium" title="Helsinki Olympic Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a> – Athletics, Equestrian (jumping), Football (final)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakila" title="Pakila">Pakila</a> – Cycling (road)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruskeasuo" title="Ruskeasuo">Ruskeasuo Equestrian Hall</a> – Equestrian (dressage, eventing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Swimming_Stadium" title="Helsinki Swimming Stadium">Swimming Stadium</a> – Diving, Swimming, Water polo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6_Rowing_Stadium" title="Töölö Rowing Stadium">Taivallahti</a> – Canoeing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tali,_Helsinki" title="Tali, Helsinki">Tali Race Track</a> – Equestrian (eventing steeplechase)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampere_Stadium" title="Tampere Stadium">Tampere</a> – Football</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennispalatsi" title="Tennispalatsi">Tennis Palace</a> – Basketball</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_Stadion" title="Veritas Stadion">Turku</a> – Football</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Velodrome" title="Helsinki Velodrome">Velodrome</a> – Cycling (track), Field hockey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westend,_Espoo" title="Westend, Espoo">Westend</a> Tennis Hall – Fencing</li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participating_National_Olympic_Committees">Participating National Olympic Committees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Participating National Olympic Committees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics_national_flag_bearers" class="mw-redirect" title="1952 Summer Olympics national flag bearers">1952 Summer Olympics national flag bearers</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1952_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/1952_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.png/220px-1952_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/1952_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.png/330px-1952_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/1952_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.png/440px-1952_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Participating nations. Pictured in blue are nations participating for the first time. Yellow dot: Helsinki</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1952_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/1952_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.gif/220px-1952_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/1952_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.gif/330px-1952_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/1952_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.gif/440px-1952_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.gif 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Number of athletes per country</figcaption></figure> <p>A total of 69 nations participated in these Games, up from 59 in the <a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 Games</a>. Thirteen nations made their first Olympic appearance in 1952: <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>), <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (USSR), <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> were both reinstated and permitted to send athletes after being banned for 1948 for their instigation of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Due to the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Division of Germany">division of Germany</a>, German athletes from <a href="/wiki/Saar_(protectorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saar (protectorate)">Saar</a> entered a separate team for the only time. Only <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> would provide athletes for the actual German team, since East Germany refused to participate in a joint German team. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> returned to the games in this edition. </p><p>Nations that participated in the previous games in London 1948 but was absent in Helsinki 1952 included <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> is an unincorporated territory and commonwealth of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Gold Coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="British Guyana">British Guyana</a> was part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a> was a constituent country of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Netherlands">Kingdom of Netherlands</a>. </p><p>The Soviet Union sent the largest delegation. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Participating <a href="/wiki/Category:Nations_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Category:Nations at the 1952 Summer Olympics">National Olympic Committees</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="504" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Argentina_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Argentina at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Argentina</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(123)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Australia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Australia</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(81)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Austria at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Austria</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(112)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_the_Bahamas_%281923%E2%80%931953%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas_%281923%E2%80%931953%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_the_Bahamas_%281923%E2%80%931953%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas_%281923%E2%80%931953%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_the_Bahamas_%281923%E2%80%931953%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas_%281923%E2%80%931953%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bahamas_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Bahamas at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Bahamas</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(7)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Belgium at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Belgium</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(135)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Bermuda at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Bermuda</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(6)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brazil_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Brazil at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Brazil</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(97)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281948%E2%80%931967%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281948%E2%80%931967%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281948%E2%80%931967%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281948%E2%80%931967%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281948%E2%80%931967%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281948%E2%80%931967%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Bulgaria at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Bulgaria</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(63)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Burma_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Burma at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Burma</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(5)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Canada at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Canada</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(107)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Ceylon at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Ceylon</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(5)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chile_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Chile at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Chile</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(59)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="China at the 1952 Summer Olympics">China</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_Cuba_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cuba_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_Cuba_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cuba_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_Cuba_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cuba_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cuba_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Cuba at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Cuba</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(29)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Czechoslovakia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Czechoslovakia</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(99)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Denmark at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Denmark</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(129)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Egypt_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Egypt at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Egypt</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(106)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Finland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Finland</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(258)</span> <b>(host)</b></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="France at the 1952 Summer Olympics">France</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(245)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Germany</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(205)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Gold_Coast_%281877%E2%80%931957%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Gold_Coast_%281877%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Gold_Coast_%281877%E2%80%931957%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Gold_Coast_%281877%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Gold_Coast_%281877%E2%80%931957%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Gold_Coast_%281877%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ghana_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghana at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Ghana</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(7)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Great Britain</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(257)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Greece at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Greece</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(48)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Guatemala at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Guatemala</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(21)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281919%E2%80%931955%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281919%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281919%E2%80%931955%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281919%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281919%E2%80%931955%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281919%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guyana_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyana at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Guyana</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281876%E2%80%931955%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281876%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281876%E2%80%931955%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281876%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281876%E2%80%931955%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281876%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Hong Kong at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Hong Kong</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(4)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Hungary at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Hungary</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(189)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iceland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Iceland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Iceland</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(9)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/India_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="India at the 1952 Summer Olympics">India</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(64)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Indonesia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Indonesia</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(3)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg/22px-State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg/33px-State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg/44px-State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Iran at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Iran</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(22)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Ireland_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ireland_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Ireland_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ireland_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Ireland_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ireland_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ireland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Ireland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Ireland</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(19)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Israel at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Israel</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(25)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Italy at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Italy</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(231)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Jamaica_%281906%E2%80%931957%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jamaica_%281906%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Jamaica_%281906%E2%80%931957%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jamaica_%281906%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Jamaica_%281906%E2%80%931957%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jamaica_%281906%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Jamaica at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Jamaica</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(8)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Japan at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Japan</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(69)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Lebanon at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Lebanon</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(9)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281937%E2%80%931982%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281937%E2%80%931982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281937%E2%80%931982%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281937%E2%80%931982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281937%E2%80%931982%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281937%E2%80%931982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Liechtenstein at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Liechtenstein</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(2)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Luxembourg at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Luxembourg</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(44)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexico_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Mexico at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Mexico</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(64)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Monaco_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Monaco at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Monaco</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(8)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Netherlands at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Netherlands</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(104)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Netherlands Antilles at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Netherlands Antilles</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(11)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="New Zealand at the 1952 Summer Olympics">New Zealand</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(14)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Nigeria at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Nigeria</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(9)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norway_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Norway at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Norway</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(102)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Pakistan at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Pakistan</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(38)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/22px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/33px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/44px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Panama_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Panama at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Panama</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippines_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Philippines at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Philippines</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(25)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Poland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Poland</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(125)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Portugal at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Portugal</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(71)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/National_sport_flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/22px-National_sport_flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/National_sport_flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/33px-National_sport_flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/National_sport_flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/44px-National_sport_flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Puerto Rico at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Puerto Rico</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(21)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Romania_%281948%E2%80%931952%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania_%281948%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Romania_%281948%E2%80%931952%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania_%281948%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Romania_%281948%E2%80%931952%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania_%281948%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Romania at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Romania</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(114)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saar_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Saar at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Saar</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(36)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Singapore_%281946%E2%80%931952%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Singapore_%281946%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Singapore_%281946%E2%80%931952%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Singapore_%281946%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Singapore_%281946%E2%80%931952%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Singapore_%281946%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Singapore_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Singapore at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Singapore</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(5)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="South Africa at the 1952 Summer Olympics">South Africa</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(64)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="South Korea at the 1952 Summer Olympics">South Korea</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(19)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Soviet Union at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Soviet Union</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(295)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Spain at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Spain</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(27)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Sweden at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Sweden</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(206)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Switzerland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Switzerland</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(157)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/33px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/44px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thailand_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Thailand at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Thailand</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(8)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago_%281889%E2%80%931958%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago_%281889%E2%80%931958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago_%281889%E2%80%931958%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago_%281889%E2%80%931958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago_%281889%E2%80%931958%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago_%281889%E2%80%931958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Trinidad and Tobago at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Trinidad and Tobago</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(2)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkey_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Turkey at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Turkey</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(51)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1952 Summer Olympics">United States</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(286)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Uruguay at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Uruguay</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(32)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Venezuela at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Venezuela</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(38)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Vietnam at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Vietnam</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(8)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Yugoslavia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Yugoslavia</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(87)</span></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committees_(by_highest_to_lowest)"><span id="Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committees_.28by_highest_to_lowest.29"></span>Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees (by highest to lowest)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees (by highest to lowest)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" style="border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes" title="List of IOC country codes">IOC Letter Code</a> </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Athletes </th></tr> <tr> <td>ARG</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="504" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Argentina_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Argentina at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Argentina</a></td> <td align="center">123 </td></tr> <tr> <td>AUS</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Australia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Australia</a></td> <td align="center">81 </td></tr> <tr> <td>AUT</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Austria at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Austria</a></td> <td align="center">112 </td></tr> <tr> <td>BAH</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_the_Bahamas_%281923%E2%80%931953%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas_%281923%E2%80%931953%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_the_Bahamas_%281923%E2%80%931953%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas_%281923%E2%80%931953%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_the_Bahamas_%281923%E2%80%931953%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas_%281923%E2%80%931953%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bahamas_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Bahamas at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Bahamas</a></td> <td align="center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>BEL</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Belgium at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Belgium</a></td> <td align="center">135 </td></tr> <tr> <td>BER</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Bermuda at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Bermuda</a></td> <td align="center">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>BRA</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brazil_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Brazil at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Brazil</a></td> <td align="center">97 </td></tr> <tr> <td>BUL</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281948%E2%80%931967%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281948%E2%80%931967%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281948%E2%80%931967%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281948%E2%80%931967%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281948%E2%80%931967%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281948%E2%80%931967%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Bulgaria at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Bulgaria</a></td> <td align="center">63 </td></tr> <tr> <td>BIR</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Burma_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Burma at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Burma</a></td> <td align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CAN</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Canada at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Canada</a></td> <td align="center">107 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CEY</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Ceylon at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Ceylon</a></td> <td align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CHI</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chile_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Chile at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Chile</a></td> <td align="center">59 </td></tr> <tr> <td>PRC</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="China at the 1952 Summer Olympics">China</a></td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CUB</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_Cuba_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cuba_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_Cuba_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cuba_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_Cuba_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cuba_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cuba_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Cuba at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Cuba</a></td> <td align="center">29 </td></tr> <tr> <td>TCH</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Czechoslovakia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Czechoslovakia</a></td> <td align="center">99 </td></tr> <tr> <td>DEN</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Denmark at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Denmark</a></td> <td align="center">129 </td></tr> <tr> <td>EGY</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Egypt_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Egypt at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Egypt</a></td> <td align="center">106 </td></tr> <tr> <td>FIN</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Finland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Finland</a></td> <td align="center">258 </td></tr> <tr> <td>FRA</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="France at the 1952 Summer Olympics">France</a></td> <td align="center">245 </td></tr> <tr> <td>GER</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Germany</a></td> <td align="center">205 </td></tr> <tr> <td>GHA</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Gold_Coast_%281877%E2%80%931957%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Gold_Coast_%281877%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Gold_Coast_%281877%E2%80%931957%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Gold_Coast_%281877%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Gold_Coast_%281877%E2%80%931957%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Gold_Coast_%281877%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ghana_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghana at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Ghana</a></td> <td align="center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>GBR</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Great Britain</a></td> <td align="center">257 </td></tr> <tr> <td>GRE</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Greece at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Greece</a></td> <td align="center">48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>GUA</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Guatemala at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Guatemala</a></td> <td align="center">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>GUY</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281919%E2%80%931955%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281919%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281919%E2%80%931955%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281919%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281919%E2%80%931955%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281919%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guyana_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyana at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Guyana</a></td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>HKG</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281876%E2%80%931955%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281876%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281876%E2%80%931955%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281876%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281876%E2%80%931955%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281876%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Hong Kong at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Hong Kong</a></td> <td align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>HUN</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Hungary at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Hungary</a></td> <td align="center">189 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ISL</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iceland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Iceland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Iceland</a></td> <td align="center">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>IND</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/India_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="India at the 1952 Summer Olympics">India</a></td> <td align="center">64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>INA</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Indonesia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Indonesia</a></td> <td align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>IRN</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg/22px-State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg/33px-State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg/44px-State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Iran at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Iran</a></td> <td align="center">22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>IRL</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Ireland_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ireland_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Ireland_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ireland_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Ireland_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ireland_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ireland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Ireland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Ireland</a></td> <td align="center">19 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ISR</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Israel at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Israel</a></td> <td align="center">25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ITA</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Italy at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Italy</a></td> <td align="center">231 </td></tr> <tr> <td>JAM</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Jamaica_%281906%E2%80%931957%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jamaica_%281906%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Jamaica_%281906%E2%80%931957%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jamaica_%281906%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Jamaica_%281906%E2%80%931957%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jamaica_%281906%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Jamaica at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Jamaica</a></td> <td align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>JPN</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Japan at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Japan</a></td> <td align="center">69 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LIB</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Lebanon at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Lebanon</a></td> <td align="center">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LIE</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281937%E2%80%931982%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281937%E2%80%931982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281937%E2%80%931982%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281937%E2%80%931982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281937%E2%80%931982%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281937%E2%80%931982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Liechtenstein at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Liechtenstein</a></td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LUX</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Luxembourg at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Luxembourg</a></td> <td align="center">44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MEX</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexico_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Mexico at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Mexico</a></td> <td align="center">64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MON</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Monaco_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Monaco at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Monaco</a></td> <td align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>NED</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Netherlands at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Netherlands</a></td> <td align="center">104 </td></tr> <tr> <td>AHO</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Netherlands Antilles at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Netherlands Antilles</a></td> <td align="center">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>NZL</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="New Zealand at the 1952 Summer Olympics">New Zealand</a></td> <td align="center">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>NGR</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nigeria_%281914%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Nigeria at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Nigeria</a></td> <td align="center">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>NOR</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norway_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Norway at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Norway</a></td> <td align="center">102 </td></tr> <tr> <td>PAK</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Pakistan at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Pakistan</a></td> <td align="center">38 </td></tr> <tr> <td>PAN</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/22px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/33px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/44px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Panama_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Panama at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Panama</a></td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>PHI</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippines_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Philippines at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Philippines</a></td> <td align="center">25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>POL</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Poland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Poland</a></td> <td align="center">125 </td></tr> <tr> <td>POR</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Portugal at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Portugal</a></td> <td align="center">71 </td></tr> <tr> <td>PUR</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/National_sport_flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/22px-National_sport_flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/National_sport_flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/33px-National_sport_flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/National_sport_flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/44px-National_sport_flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Puerto Rico at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Puerto Rico</a></td> <td align="center">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ROU</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Romania_%281948%E2%80%931952%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania_%281948%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Romania_%281948%E2%80%931952%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania_%281948%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Romania_%281948%E2%80%931952%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania_%281948%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Romania at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Romania</a></td> <td align="center">114 </td></tr> <tr> <td>SAA</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saar_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Saar at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Saar</a></td> <td align="center">36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>SIN</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Singapore_%281946%E2%80%931952%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Singapore_%281946%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Singapore_%281946%E2%80%931952%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Singapore_%281946%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Singapore_%281946%E2%80%931952%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Singapore_%281946%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Singapore_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Singapore at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Singapore</a></td> <td align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ZAF</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="South Africa at the 1952 Summer Olympics">South Africa</a></td> <td align="center">64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>KOR</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="South Korea at the 1952 Summer Olympics">South Korea</a></td> <td align="center">19 </td></tr> <tr> <td>URS</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Soviet Union at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Soviet Union</a></td> <td align="center">295 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ESP</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Spain at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Spain</a></td> <td align="center">27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>SWE</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Sweden at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Sweden</a></td> <td align="center">206 </td></tr> <tr> <td>SUI</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Switzerland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Switzerland</a></td> <td align="center">157 </td></tr> <tr> <td>THA</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/33px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/44px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thailand_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Thailand at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Thailand</a></td> <td align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>TRI</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago_%281889%E2%80%931958%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago_%281889%E2%80%931958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago_%281889%E2%80%931958%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago_%281889%E2%80%931958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago_%281889%E2%80%931958%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago_%281889%E2%80%931958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Trinidad and Tobago at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Trinidad and Tobago</a></td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>TUR</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkey_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Turkey at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Turkey</a></td> <td align="center">51 </td></tr> <tr> <td>USA</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1952 Summer Olympics">United States</a></td> <td align="center">286 </td></tr> <tr> <td>URU</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Uruguay at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Uruguay</a></td> <td align="center">32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>VEN</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Venezuela at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Venezuela</a></td> <td align="center">38 </td></tr> <tr> <td>VNM</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Vietnam at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Vietnam</a></td> <td align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>YUG</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Yugoslavia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Yugoslavia</a></td> <td align="center">87 </td></tr> <tr class="sort bottom" style="background:#fff;"> <td style="text-align:right; border:0;" colspan="2"><b>Total</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; background:#fff;"><b>4,932</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medal_count">Medal count</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Medal count"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics_medal_table" title="1952 Summer Olympics medal table">1952 Summer Olympics medal table</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_1952_Summer_Olympics_medal_winners" title="List of 1952 Summer Olympics medal winners">List of 1952 Summer Olympics medal winners</a></div> <p>These are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1952 Games.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style 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.sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style><table class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi plainrowheaders jquery-tablesorter" style="text-align:center"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" style="color:inherit">Rank</th><th scope="col">Nation</th><th scope="col" class="headerSort" style="width:4em;background-color:gold;color:#333">Gold</th><th scope="col" class="headerSort" style="width:4em;background-color:silver;color:#333">Silver</th><th scope="col" class="headerSort" style="width:4em;background-color:#c96;color:#333">Bronze</th><th scope="col" style="width:4em">Total</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1952 Summer Olympics">United States</a></th><td>40</td><td>19</td><td>17</td><td>76</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Soviet Union at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Soviet Union</a></th><td>22</td><td>30</td><td>19</td><td>71</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Hungary at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Hungary</a></th><td>16</td><td>10</td><td>16</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Sweden at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Sweden</a></th><td>12</td><td>13</td><td>10</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Italy at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Italy</a></th><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>4</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Czechoslovakia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Czechoslovakia</a></th><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="France at the 1952 Summer Olympics">France</a></th><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#ccccff;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Finland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Finland</a>*</th><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>13</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Australia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Australia</a></th><td>6</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norway_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Norway at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Norway</a></th><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>5</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold">Totals (10 entries)</th><th style="font-weight:bold">126</th><th style="font-weight:bold">97</th><th style="font-weight:bold">91</th><th style="font-weight:bold">314</th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="50th_anniversary_coin">50th anniversary coin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: 50th anniversary coin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 50th anniversary of the Helsinki Olympic Games was the main motif for one of the first Finnish euro silver commemorative coins, the <a href="/wiki/Euro_gold_and_silver_commemorative_coins_(Finland)#2002_coinage" title="Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Finland)">€10 silver coin minted in 2002</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">reverse</a> depicts part of the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium" title="Helsinki Olympic Stadium">Helsinki Olympic Stadium</a>, as well as a section of the 1952 500 markka coin. The obverse has lettering SUOMI FINLAND 10 EURO, a flame, and Finland is the only country highlighted on Earth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Admission_tickets">Admission tickets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Admission tickets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In total 2,394,099 admission tickets were printed for the Helsinki games. About two million of them were made <a href="/wiki/Gemalto" title="Gemalto">Bank of Finland banknote printing works</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955166_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955166-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To prevent counterfeiting, tickets were printed on <a href="/wiki/Watermark" title="Watermark">watermark</a> banknote paper. Printing began in July 1951 and lasted four months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955164–165_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955164–165-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1952, the race organizers opened their own ticket offices for sales at home and abroad. They were sold abroad in 52 countries. Half of the more than two million admission tickets were put up for sale abroad. However, only about 250,000 tickets were sold. However, foreign tourists also bought a lot of tickets from Finland. A total of 1,376,512 tickets were sold for various competition events. There were four different price categories. Prices varied between 300 and 2,100 <a href="/wiki/Finnish_markka" title="Finnish markka">FIM</a>, which in current currency corresponds to about 9–65 euros. Ticket revenue totaled approximately FIM 965 million, or EUR 29.7 million. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955167–168_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955167–168-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Entrance tickets were printed in ten different colors, depending on the venue and the auditorium. Except for the color, the flags were all similar in appearance. The texts in Finnish, Swedish, English and French were printed on them, and the sport was also indicated by a symbol in the upper left corner. A spectator map was printed on the back of the entrance tickets. Tickets sold to Finland only marked their Price Category, foreign tickets also marked the price <a href="/wiki/US_Dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="US Dollar">US Dollars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955164–165_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955164–165-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to tickets made by the organizers, the City of Hämeenlinna printed its own entry tickets for modern pentathlon competitions held locally. They were simpler in design than other tickets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955164–165_118-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955164–165-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_and_legacy">Impact and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Impact and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Olympics influenced the Finns, the City of Helsinki and the image of foreigners. The Olympics can even be considered a symbolic decision for the post-war years in Finland. Reconstruction of the land was practically completed in 1952, although at the beginning of the decade many had lived in temporary housing. The last <a href="/wiki/War_reparations" title="War reparations">war reparations</a> was paid in September 1952, and <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulatory policy">regulatory policy</a> was abolished at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-YLE_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YLE-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the closing day of the Games, 3 August 1952, President J.K. Paasikivi wrote in his diary: "The Olympics were a great success. Foreigners, including the magazines, have praised the good organization. This is a good thing and advertising for us."<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Helsinki cityscape was clearly a new impetus for the Olympics. The development of Helsinki had already begun in the late 1930s, when <a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Helsinki" title="Parliament House, Helsinki">Parliament House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lasipalatsi" title="Lasipalatsi">Lasipalatsi</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A4%C3%A4posti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pääposti (page does not exist)">Pääposti</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postitalo_(Helsinki)" class="extiw" title="fi:Postitalo (Helsinki)">fi</a>]</span> were built. Olympic dreams motivate many construction projects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200217_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200217-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Helsinki's entertainment and nightlife was modest compared to previous race hosts. Many temporary restaurants and entertainment venues were set up in the city for the Games.<sup id="cite_ref-YLE_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YLE-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city had been planning a fair for decades, but even for this project, the Olympic host gave the final impetus. After the competition was confirmed, the city of Helsinki started looking for a place for an amusement park in <a href="/wiki/Alppila" title="Alppila">Alppila</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Linnanm%C3%A4ki" title="Linnanmäki"> Linnanmäki Amusement Park</a> was opened on 27 May 1950 on a plot leased in December 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200243–44_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200243–44-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Olympics also developed Helsinki's infrastructure with the construction of a new airport, Olympic Pier, new asphalt and the city's first traffic lights.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200234–36_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200234–36-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The impact of the Olympics on Finns is difficult to define. It was certainly good for Finns' self-confidence to create a successful major event together and at the same time get a new kind of contact with the interaction between peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-impact_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-impact-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first time, many Finns were in contact with non-Caucasian foreigners at the Games.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori200213_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori200213-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the Olympics united Finns in their disputes. For example, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Workers%27_Sports_Federation" title="Finnish Workers' Sports Federation">Finnish Workers' Sports Federation</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_Sports_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish Sports Federation (page does not exist)">Finnish Sports Federation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suomen_Valtakunnan_Urheiluliitto" class="extiw" title="fi:Suomen Valtakunnan Urheiluliitto">fi</a>]</span> strong disputes between were on a break during the Olympics, even though they continued even after the Games.<sup id="cite_ref-effect_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-effect-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With internationalization, new products also arrived in Finland. The best known of these is <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> (Coca-Cola arrived in Finland as early as the 1930s through Stockmann).<sup id="cite_ref-effect_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-effect-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Chewing_gum" title="Chewing gum">chewing gum</a> was imported for the first time, and <a href="/wiki/Alko" title="Alko">Alko</a> launched new drinks, including <a href="/wiki/Gin_Long_Drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Gin Long Drink">Gin Long Drink</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200247_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200247-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finland's relations with <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> clearly warmed up thanks to the Olympics. This was particularly influenced by the fact that <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip</a>, who came to visit the Games, received a warm welcome in Finland. After the Second World War, Britain had been rude to Finland, but the Olympics showed that Finland belonged to the Western world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002190–191_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002190–191-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""The_Last_Real_Olympics""><span id=".22The_Last_Real_Olympics.22"></span>"The Last Real Olympics"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: "The Last Real Olympics""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Finland, the Helsinki Olympics are sometimes called the last real Olympics,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when trying to emphasize the nature of the Games as the last Games of the true Olympic spirit, a sporting and non-commercial event.<sup id="cite_ref-SLU_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLU-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, a book about competitions written by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antero_Raevuori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antero Raevuori (page does not exist)">Antero Raevuori</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antero_Raevuori" class="extiw" title="fi:Antero Raevuori">fi</a>]</span> is named after this saying. However, the phrase was invented in Finland and is not used elsewhere in the world. It was developed at the turn of the 1970s and 1980s, when <a href="/wiki/Doping_in_sport" title="Doping in sport">doping</a> began to become more widespread in sports, <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Summer Olympics</a> the <a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976</a>, <a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a> the Summer Olympics were widely boycotted.<sup id="cite_ref-SLU_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLU-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a way, the Helsinki Olympics were a return to smaller competitions due to resources, as Finland is the smallest country to host the Summer Olympics. However the <a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Summer Olympics</a> involved fewer participating athletes than in Helsinki, and in practice it was not until the 1970s that the Games clearly began to expand. The Helsinki Olympics were still relatively non-commercial, although the Polish press, for example, barked at the Helsinki Olympics as “competitions for disgusting traders”. The Helsinki Games were also not much smaller in terms of marketing than the following Games, and marketing was well known in the Olympic world with <a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Kodak</a> supporting the Games as far back as the <a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SLU_133-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLU-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 193.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1952_Building_Finn_DInghies_at_Borresens_Baadebyggeri,_Denmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Building the Finn-class Olympic dinghies at Børresen Bådebyggeri, Denmark"><img alt="Building the Finn-class Olympic dinghies at Børresen Bådebyggeri, Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/1952_Building_Finn_DInghies_at_Borresens_Baadebyggeri%2C_Denmark.jpg/290px-1952_Building_Finn_DInghies_at_Borresens_Baadebyggeri%2C_Denmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/1952_Building_Finn_DInghies_at_Borresens_Baadebyggeri%2C_Denmark.jpg/436px-1952_Building_Finn_DInghies_at_Borresens_Baadebyggeri%2C_Denmark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/1952_Building_Finn_DInghies_at_Borresens_Baadebyggeri%2C_Denmark.jpg/580px-1952_Building_Finn_DInghies_at_Borresens_Baadebyggeri%2C_Denmark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="401" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Building the <a href="/wiki/Finn_(dinghy)" title="Finn (dinghy)">Finn-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sailing_classes" title="Olympic sailing classes">Olympic dinghies</a> at Børresen Bådebyggeri, Denmark</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 161.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 159.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsinki_olympialaiset_1952_Otaniemen_kisakyl%C3%A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soviet camp with insignia and a picture of Stalin"><img alt="Soviet camp with insignia and a picture of Stalin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Helsinki_olympialaiset_1952_Otaniemen_kisakyl%C3%A4.jpg/239px-Helsinki_olympialaiset_1952_Otaniemen_kisakyl%C3%A4.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Helsinki_olympialaiset_1952_Otaniemen_kisakyl%C3%A4.jpg/360px-Helsinki_olympialaiset_1952_Otaniemen_kisakyl%C3%A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Helsinki_olympialaiset_1952_Otaniemen_kisakyl%C3%A4.jpg/479px-Helsinki_olympialaiset_1952_Otaniemen_kisakyl%C3%A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2887" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> camp with insignia and a picture of <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_Kong_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_(04).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nations enter"><img alt="Nations enter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hong_Kong_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_%2804%29.jpg/261px-Hong_Kong_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_%2804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hong_Kong_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_%2804%29.jpg/392px-Hong_Kong_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_%2804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hong_Kong_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_%2804%29.jpg/522px-Hong_Kong_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_%2804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="766" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nations enter</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Union_1952_Olympic_team.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soviet team entrance"><img alt="Soviet team entrance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Soviet_Union_1952_Olympic_team.jpg/195px-Soviet_Union_1952_Olympic_team.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Soviet_Union_1952_Olympic_team.jpg/293px-Soviet_Union_1952_Olympic_team.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Soviet_Union_1952_Olympic_team.jpg/389px-Soviet_Union_1952_Olympic_team.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3537" data-file-height="3543" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Soviet team entrance</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 198.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nations at the 1952 Olympics"><img alt="Nations at the 1952 Olympics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg/298px-Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg/447px-Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg/595px-Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="743" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nations at the 1952 Olympics</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 219.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paavo Nurmi enters the Helsinki Olympic Stadium carrying the torch during the opening ceremonies. He became the first well-known athlete to light the Olympic Flame."><img alt="Paavo Nurmi enters the Helsinki Olympic Stadium carrying the torch during the opening ceremonies. He became the first well-known athlete to light the Olympic Flame." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg/326px-Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg/489px-Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg/651px-Paavo_Nurmi_enters_the_Olympic_Stadium_in_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="614" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paavo Nurmi enters the Helsinki Olympic Stadium <a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay" title="1952 Summer Olympics torch relay">carrying the torch</a> during the opening ceremonies. He became the first well-known athlete to light the Olympic Flame.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 106.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 104.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Boiteux_with_father_1952_Olympics_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="After Jean Boiteux won the 400 m freestyle race his father jumped into the pool to congratulate him"><img alt="After Jean Boiteux won the 400 m freestyle race his father jumped into the pool to congratulate him" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Jean_Boiteux_with_father_1952_Olympics_2.jpg/157px-Jean_Boiteux_with_father_1952_Olympics_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Jean_Boiteux_with_father_1952_Olympics_2.jpg/237px-Jean_Boiteux_with_father_1952_Olympics_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Jean_Boiteux_with_father_1952_Olympics_2.jpg/315px-Jean_Boiteux_with_father_1952_Olympics_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">After <a href="/wiki/Jean_Boiteux" title="Jean Boiteux">Jean Boiteux</a> won the 400 m freestyle race his father jumped into the pool to congratulate him</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Boiteux_with_father_1952_Olympics.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boiteux helps his father climb out"><img alt="Boiteux helps his father climb out" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jean_Boiteux_with_father_1952_Olympics.jpg/246px-Jean_Boiteux_with_father_1952_Olympics.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Jean_Boiteux_with_father_1952_Olympics.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Boiteux helps his father climb out</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 161.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 159.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Road cycling. Racers turn from Käpyläntie to Koskelantie."><img alt="Road cycling. Racers turn from Käpyläntie to Koskelantie." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg/239px-Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg/359px-Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg/478px-Helsingin_olympialaiset_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2890" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Road cycling. Racers turn from Käpyläntie to Koskelantie.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1952OG-Olympic_Stadium-Jumping.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Just before the 2nd round of Prix des Nations"><img alt="Just before the 2nd round of Prix des Nations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1952OG-Olympic_Stadium-Jumping.jpg/145px-1952OG-Olympic_Stadium-Jumping.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1952OG-Olympic_Stadium-Jumping.jpg/218px-1952OG-Olympic_Stadium-Jumping.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1952OG-Olympic_Stadium-Jumping.jpg/291px-1952OG-Olympic_Stadium-Jumping.jpg 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="786" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Just before the 2nd round of <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Individual_jumping" title="Equestrian at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Individual jumping">Prix des Nations</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/48px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/64px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games" title="Portal:Olympic Games">Olympic Games portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952 Winter Olympics</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes" title="List of IOC country codes">List of IOC country codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay" title="1952 Summer Olympics torch relay">1952 Summer Olympics torch relay</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1952, the word <a href="/wiki/Olympiad" title="Olympiad">Olympiad</a> was still relatively foreign to Finland, as evidenced by its full assimilation to the word <a href="/wiki/Olympiads" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympiads">olympia</a> in the logo and stamps of the Games. The poster for the Games, on the other hand, erroneously features the XVth Olympic Games, the "XV Olympic Games," even though they were the XV "Olympics", but only the 12th (XII) Summer Olympics. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> version had a suffix indicating order, although <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a> already express order as such.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Opening_and_Cauldron-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Opening_and_Cauldron_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Opening_and_Cauldron_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160814215458/https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Opening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf">"Factsheet – Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). International Olympic Committee. 13 September 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Opening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factsheet+%E2%80%93+Opening+Ceremony+of+the+Games+of+the+Olympiad&rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstillmed.olympic.org%2FDocuments%2FReference_documents_Factsheets%2FOpening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBascomb2005" class="citation book cs1">Bascomb, Neal (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/perfectmilethree00basc"><i>The Perfect Mile: Three Athletes, One Goal, and Less Than Four Minutes to Achieve It</i></a></span>. Mariner Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780618562091" title="Special:BookSources/9780618562091"><bdi>9780618562091</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Perfect+Mile%3A+Three+Athletes%2C+One+Goal%2C+and+Less+Than+Four+Minutes+to+Achieve+It&rft.pub=Mariner+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780618562091&rft.aulast=Bascomb&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fperfectmilethree00basc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itsenaisyys100.fi/suursota-esti-suomalaisten-odottaman-helsingin-olympiaisannyyden-1940/">"Suursota esti suomalaisten odottaman Helsingin olympiaisännyyden 1940"</a> [The Great War prevented the Helsinki Olympics 1940]. <i>Suomifinland100.fi</i> (in Finnish). Helsinki Finnish Club<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Suomifinland100.fi&rft.atitle=Suursota+esti+suomalaisten+odottaman+Helsingin+olympiais%C3%A4nnyyden+1940&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitsenaisyys100.fi%2Fsuursota-esti-suomalaisten-odottaman-helsingin-olympiaisannyyden-1940%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200213-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200213_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200213_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickström2002">Wickström 2002</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOC_vote_history-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IOC_vote_history_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080525070757/http://www.aldaver.com/votes.html">"International Olympic Committee Vote History"</a>. 9 September 2013. Archived from the original on 25 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Olympic+Committee+Vote+History&rft.date=2013-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aldaver.com%2Fvotes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dream-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dream_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dream_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080325112118/http://www.mrl.edu.hel.fi/eu/megaevents/haaveolympia.html">"SUOMEN HAAVE OLYMPIAISÄNNYYDESTÄ JA SEN TOTEUTUMINEN"</a> [Finland 's dream of hosting an Olympics and its realization] (in Finnish). City of Helsinki. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrl.edu.hel.fi/eu/megaevents/haaveolympia.html">the original</a> on 25 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SUOMEN+HAAVE+OLYMPIAIS%C3%84NNYYDEST%C3%84+JA+SEN+TOTEUTUMINEN&rft.pub=City+of+Helsinki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mrl.edu.hel.fi%2Feu%2Fmegaevents%2Fhaaveolympia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntero_Raevuori2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Antero Raevuori (24 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seura.fi/asiat/historia/sotahistoria/talvisota-ja-olympiakisat/">"Winter War and Olympic Games"</a>. <i>Seura.fi</i> (in Finnish). Otavamedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seura.fi&rft.atitle=Winter+War+and+Olympic+Games&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.au=Antero+Raevuori&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fseura.fi%2Fasiat%2Fhistoria%2Fsotahistoria%2Ftalvisota-ja-olympiakisat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200220-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200220_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickström2002">Wickström 2002</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gamesbids.com/eng/past-bid-results/">"Past Olympic Host City Election Results"</a>. Games Bids. 14 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Past+Olympic+Host+City+Election+Results&rft.pub=Games+Bids&rft.date=2013-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgamesbids.com%2Feng%2Fpast-bid-results%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nygren-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nygren_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nygren_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nygren_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNygrénSiukonen1978" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nygrén, Helge; Siukonen, Markku, eds. 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Jyväskylä. pp. 268–269. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-9466-05-3" title="Special:BookSources/951-9466-05-3"><bdi>951-9466-05-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suuri+Olympiateos&rft.place=Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4&rft.pages=268-269&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=951-9466-05-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindlingPelle2004" class="citation book cs1">Findling, John E.; Pelle, Kimberly, eds. 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Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-031-33227-8-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-031-33227-8-5"><bdi>978-031-33227-8-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Modern+Olympic+Movement&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-031-33227-8-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofmo0000unse_u3e3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200259-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200259_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickström2002">Wickström 2002</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström200261-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström200261_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickström2002">Wickström 2002</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori200217-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori200217_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaevuori2002">Raevuori 2002</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargol" class="citation web cs1">Margol, Brenna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100107110403/http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~bm35/coldwarolympics.doc">"How the Cold War Affected the Olympic Movement"</a>. Drexel University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~bm35/coldwarolympics.doc">the original</a> on 7 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+the+Cold+War+Affected+the+Olympic+Movement&rft.pub=Drexel+University&rft.aulast=Margol&rft.aufirst=Brenna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pages.drexel.edu%2F~bm35%2Fcoldwarolympics.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101125202603/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,816644,00.html">"Sport: The Games Begin"</a>. Time. 28 July 1952. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1952+Helsinki+Summer+Games&rft.pub=Sports-Reference&rft.date=2016-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sports-reference.com%2Folympics%2Fsummer%2F1952%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström2002118-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström2002118_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickström2002">Wickström 2002</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996166-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996166_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002160–162-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002160–162_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaevuori2002">Raevuori 2002</a>, pp. 160–162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström2002130-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström2002130_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickström2002">Wickström 2002</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996168-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996168_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori200273-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori200273_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaevuori2002">Raevuori 2002</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiskor2015" class="citation web cs1">Piskor, Tommy (20 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170424080019/http://russianfootballnews.com/ussr-yugoslavia-the-story-of-two-different-football-conceptions/">"USSR – Yugoslavia, the Story of Two Different Football Conceptions"</a>. <i>russianfootballnews.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russianfootballnews.com/ussr-yugoslavia-the-story-of-two-different-football-conceptions/">the original</a> on 24 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=russianfootballnews.com&rft.atitle=USSR+%E2%80%93+Yugoslavia%2C+the+Story+of+Two+Different+Football+Conceptions&rft.date=2015-12-20&rft.aulast=Piskor&rft.aufirst=Tommy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frussianfootballnews.com%2Fussr-yugoslavia-the-story-of-two-different-football-conceptions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955672-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955672_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 672.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002180-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002180_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002180_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaevuori2002">Raevuori 2002</a>, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955690-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955690_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955690_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 690.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955691-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955691_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 691.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955624-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955624_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 624.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996165-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996165_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002126-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori2002126_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaevuori2002">Raevuori 2002</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955471-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955471_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 471.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996166–167-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996166–167_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, pp. 166–167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955505-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955505_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 505.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996167-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996167_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996167_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996167_80-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955396-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955396_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996160–161-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996160–161_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996160–161_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, pp. 160–161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996161-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996161_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996161_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955346-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955346_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996159–160-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996159–160_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, pp. 159–160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996160-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996160_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955382-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955382_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 382.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955638-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955638_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 638.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996165–166-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996165–166_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, pp. 165–166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801130749/http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/profiles/bio_uk.asp?par_i_id=37250">"Paul Elvstrom"</a>. <i>Olympic.ca</i>. Official website of the Olympic Movement. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/profiles/bio_uk.asp?par_i_id=37250">the original</a> on 1 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympic.ca&rft.atitle=Paul+Elvstrom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fuk%2Fathletes%2Fprofiles%2Fbio_uk.asp%3Fpar_i_id%3D37250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996164-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996164_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996164_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955606-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955606_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955606_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 606.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka195554-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka195554_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka195554_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955607-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955607_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 607.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996158–159-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996158–159_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996158–159_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996158–159_95-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, pp. 158–159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955558-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolkka1955558_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolkka1955">Kolkka 1955</a>, p. 558.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström2002121-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström2002121_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström2002121_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickström2002">Wickström 2002</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaevuori200287-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaevuori200287_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaevuori2002">Raevuori 2002</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996162–163-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996162–163_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996162–163_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, pp. 162–163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArponen1996155–158-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996155–158_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArponen1996155–158_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArponen1996">Arponen 1996</a>, pp. 155–158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström2002122-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström2002122_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickström2002">Wickström 2002</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickström2002125-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickström2002125_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickström2002">Wickström 2002</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarc_Sollinger2014" class="citation web cs1">Marc Sollinger (6 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marketplace.org/2014/02/06/economy/numbers/9-weirdest-cities-have-hosted-olympics-and-why">"The 9 weirdest cities that have hosted the Olympics (and why!)"</a>. <i>www.marketplace.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.marketplace.org&rft.atitle=The+9+weirdest+cities+that+have+hosted+the+Olympics+%28and+why%21%29&rft.date=2014-02-06&rft.au=Marc+Sollinger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketplace.org%2F2014%2F02%2F06%2Feconomy%2Fnumbers%2F9-weirdest-cities-have-hosted-olympics-and-why&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153225/https://www.hameenlinna.fi/Palvelut/Kulttuuri/Taidemuseo/Julkinen/Muistolaatat-ja-muistokivet/Aihehaku/Olympialaisten-maahockeyottelut/">"Olympialaisten maahockeyotteluiden muistolaatta"</a> [Commemorative plaque for the Olympic field hockey matches]. City of Hämeenlinna. 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City of Helsinki. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sports+Museum&rft.atitle=Helsinki+Olympics+1952+Publication&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urheilumuseo.org%2Fkisat1952%2Findex52.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SLU-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SLU_133-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLU_133-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLU_133-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaarnivaara,_Pete2012" class="citation web cs1">Saarnivaara, Pete (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120313191211/http://www.slu.fi/lum/20_02/slu-yhteiso/_viimeiset_oikeat_olympialaiset/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Viimeiset oikeat olympialaiset" on suomalaisten oma keksintö"</a> [“The Last Real Olympics” is Finns' own invention]. <i>The World of Exercise and Sport (20/02)</i>. Finnish Sports and Sports SLU Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slu.fi/lum/20_02/slu-yhteiso/_viimeiset_oikeat_olympialaiset/">the original</a> on 13 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+of+Exercise+and+Sport+%2820%2F02%29&rft.atitle=%22Viimeiset+oikeat+olympialaiset%22+on+suomalaisten+oma+keksint%C3%B6&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Saarnivaara%2C+Pete&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slu.fi%2Flum%2F20_02%2Fslu-yhteiso%2F_viimeiset_oikeat_olympialaiset%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArponen1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arponen, Antti O. (1996). <i>Olympiakisat Ateenasta Atlantaan</i> [<i>Olympic Games from Athens to Atlanta</i>] (in Finnish). Porvoo: WSOY. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-0-21072-2" title="Special:BookSources/951-0-21072-2"><bdi>951-0-21072-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Olympiakisat+Ateenasta+Atlantaan&rft.place=Porvoo&rft.pub=WSOY&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=951-0-21072-2&rft.aulast=Arponen&rft.aufirst=Antti+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolkka1955" class="citation book cs1">Kolkka, Sulo, ed. (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/4187"><i>Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, Helsinki, 1952</i></a>. Purvoo: Serner Söderström Osakeyhitö.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Report+of+the+Organising+Committee+for+the+Games+of+the+XV+Olympiad%2C+Helsinki%2C+1952.&rft.place=Purvoo&rft.pub=Serner+S%C3%B6derstr%C3%B6m+Osakeyhit%C3%B6&rft.date=1955&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.la84.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp17103coll8%2Fid%2F4187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPukkilaLinnilä2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pukkila, Hanna; Linnilä, Kai (2012). <i>Hyvä Suomi! 1952</i> [<i>Good Finland 1952</i>] (in Finnish) (2. painos ed.). Somerniemi: Amanita. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-952-5330-48-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-952-5330-48-9"><bdi>978-952-5330-48-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hyv%C3%A4+Suomi%21+1952&rft.place=Somerniemi&rft.edition=2.+painos&rft.pub=Amanita&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-952-5330-48-9&rft.aulast=Pukkila&rft.aufirst=Hanna&rft.au=Linnil%C3%A4%2C+Kai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaevuori2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Raevuori, Antero (2002). <i>Viimeiset oikeat olympialaiset: Helsinki 1952</i> [<i>The Last Real Olympics: Helsinki 1952</i>] (in Finnish). Helsingissä: Ajatus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-20-6108-2" title="Special:BookSources/951-20-6108-2"><bdi>951-20-6108-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Viimeiset+oikeat+olympialaiset%3A+Helsinki+1952&rft.place=Helsingiss%C3%A4&rft.pub=Ajatus&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=951-20-6108-2&rft.aulast=Raevuori&rft.aufirst=Antero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWickström2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wickström, Mika (2002). <i>Helsinki 1952</i> (in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomen urheilumuseosäätiö. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-97773-8-5" title="Special:BookSources/951-97773-8-5"><bdi>951-97773-8-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Helsinki+1952&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.pub=Suomen+urheilumuseos%C3%A4%C3%A4ti%C3%B6&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=951-97773-8-5&rft.aulast=Wickstr%C3%B6m&rft.aufirst=Mika&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1952_Summer_Olympics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1952 Summer Olympics">1952 Summer Olympics</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/helsinki-1952">"Helsinki 1952"</a>. <i>Olympics.com</i>. International Olympic Committee.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympics.com&rft.atitle=Helsinki+1952&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Fen%2Folympic-games%2Fhelsinki-1952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1952+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Helsinki 1952 Official Olympic Report <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080411091045/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1952/OR1952.pdf">la84foundation.org</a></li> <li>Helsinki 1952 Official Olympic Report <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080614194735/http://olympic-museum.de/o-reports/report1952.htm">olympic-museum.de</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;"><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympics</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">London</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> XV Olympiad<br /><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> </b><br />1952 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">Melbourne/Stockholm</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_nations_at_the_Winter_Olympics" title="Tropical nations at the Winter Olympics">tropical nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes" title="List of IOC country codes">country codes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Olympic Games host cities">Host cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for Olympic Games">Bids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Bids for the Youth Olympic Games">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues" title="List of Olympic venues">Venues</a> <ul><li><a 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Olympic cauldron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_kept_the_Olympic_flag" title="List of people who have kept the Olympic flag">Keepers of the Olympic flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympics_on_television" title="Olympics on television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Broadcasting_Services" title="Olympic Broadcasting Services">Olympic Broadcasting Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel" title="Olympic Channel">Olympic Channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel_(American_TV_channel)" title="Olympic Channel (American TV channel)">American</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics" title="Social media coverage of the Olympics">Social media</a></li> <li>Films <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Summer_Olympic_documentary_films" title="List of Summer Olympic documentary films">summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Winter_Olympic_documentary_films" title="List of Winter Olympic documentary films">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_video_games" title="List of Olympic video games">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_symbols" title="Olympic symbols">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_flame" title="Olympic flame">Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympiad" title="Olympiad">Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Oath" title="Olympic Oath">Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_songs_and_anthems" title="List of Olympic songs and anthems">Songs and anthems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Hymn" title="Olympic Hymn">Hymn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_emblem" title="Olympic emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_poster" title="Olympic poster">Poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_mascots" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic mascots">Mascots</a></li> <li>Coins <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_coins" title="Summer Olympic coins">summer (pre-2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Coins_(2000%E2%80%93present)" title="Summer Olympic Coins (2000–present)">summer (2000-present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_coins" title="Winter Olympic coins">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin_Medal" title="Pierre de Coubertin Medal">Pierre de Coubertin Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Cup" title="Olympic Cup">Olympic Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Diploma_of_Merit" title="Olympic Diploma of Merit">Olympic Diploma of Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Laurel" title="Olympic Laurel">Olympic Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Order" title="Olympic Order">Olympic Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Art competitions at the Summer Olympics">Art competitions at the Olympics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_art_competitions" title="List of Olympic medalists in art competitions">medalists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_scandals,_controversies_and_incidents" title="List of Olympic Games scandals, controversies and incidents">Scandals and controversies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Olympic_Games" title="Antisemitism in the Olympic Games">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism_and_the_Olympic_Games" title="Colonialism and the Olympic Games">colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Doping at the Olympic Games">doping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_and_Paralympic_deaths" title="Olympic and Paralympic deaths">Deaths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">WWI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_II" title="List of Olympians killed in World War II">WWII</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_of_women_in_the_Olympics" title="Participation of women in the Olympics">Participation of women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympic Games</a></li> <li>Continental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Games" title="African Games">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Games" title="European Games">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Games" title="Pacific Games">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan-American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Esports_Series" title="Olympic Esports Series">Olympic Esports Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaflympics" title="Deaflympics">Deaflympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Olympics" title="Special Olympics">Special Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games" title="1906 Intercalated Games">1906 Intercalated Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient Olympic Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div id="Olympic_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Olympic Games</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics" title="1904 Summer Olympics">1904 St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics" title="1912 Summer Olympics">1912 Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics" title="1916 Summer Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1916 Berlin</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW1_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW1-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932 Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1940 Tokyo</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics" title="1944 Summer Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1944 London</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 London</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1952 Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960 Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics" title="1968 Summer Olympics">1968 Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Tokyo</a><sup id="cite_ref-COVID2021_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID2021-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024 Paris</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028 Los Angeles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032 Brisbane</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2036_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2036 Summer Olympics">2036 TBD</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2040_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2040 Summer Olympics">2040 TBD</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olympic rings"><img alt="Olympic rings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/110px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/165px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/220px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics" title="1924 Winter Olympics">1924 Chamonix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics" title="1928 Winter Olympics">1928 St. Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics" title="1932 Winter Olympics">1932 Lake Placid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics" title="1940 Winter Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1940 Sapporo</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_135-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Winter_Olympics" title="1944 Winter Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_135-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948 St. Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952 Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics" title="1960 Winter Olympics">1960 Squaw Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics" title="1964 Winter Olympics">1964 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">1968 Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics" title="1972 Winter Olympics">1972 Sapporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics" title="1976 Winter Olympics">1976 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980 Lake Placid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics" title="1984 Winter Olympics">1984 Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics" title="1988 Winter Olympics">1988 Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics" title="1992 Winter Olympics">1992 Albertville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics" title="1994 Winter Olympics">1994 Lillehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Nagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Salt Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Torino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics" title="2014 Winter Olympics">2014 Sochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 PyeongChang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Beijing</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics" title="2026 Winter Olympics">2026 Milano Cortina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2030_Winter_Olympics" title="2030 Winter Olympics">2030 French Alps</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2034_Winter_Olympics" title="2034 Winter Olympics">2034 Salt Lake City–Utah</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div id="Youth_Olympic_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Summer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2010 Summer Youth Olympics">2010 Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2014 Summer Youth Olympics">2014 Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2018 Summer Youth Olympics">2018 Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2026_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2026 Summer Youth Olympics">2026 Dakar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2030_Summer_Youth_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2030 Summer Youth Olympics">2030</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Youth Olympic Games logo"><img alt="Youth Olympic Games logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/110px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/165px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/220px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="296" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Winter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2012 Winter Youth Olympics">2012 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2016 Winter Youth Olympics">2016 Lillehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2020 Winter Youth Olympics">2020 Lausanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2024 Winter Youth Olympics">2024 Gangwon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2028_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2028 Winter Youth Olympics">2028</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WW1-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WW1_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WW2-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_135-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_135-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_135-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_135-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COVID2021-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COVID2021_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Postponed to 2021 due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #BFD7FF"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/48px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/64px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games" title="Portal:Olympic Games">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Category:Summer Olympic Games"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Summer Olympics"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nations_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_in_Helsinki,_Finland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#BFD7FF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nations_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Template:Nations at the 1952 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nations_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Template talk:Nations at the 1952 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nations_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nations at the 1952 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nations_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_in_Helsinki,_Finland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Nations at the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1952 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BFD7FF">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Egypt at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Gold Coast at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Nigeria at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="South Africa at the 1952 Summer Olympics">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BFD7FF">America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Argentina at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Bahamas at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Bermuda at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Brazil at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Guiana_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="British Guiana at the 1952 Summer Olympics">British Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Canada at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Chile at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Cuba at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Guatemala at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Jamaica at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Mexico at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Netherlands Antilles at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Netherlands Antilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Panama at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Puerto Rico at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Trinidad and Tobago at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1952 Summer Olympics">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Uruguay at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Venezuela at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BFD7FF">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burma_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Burma at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Ceylon at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="China at the 1952 Summer Olympics">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Hong Kong at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="India at the 1952 Summer Olympics">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Indonesia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Iran at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Israel at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Japan at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="South Korea at the 1952 Summer Olympics">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Lebanon at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Pakistan at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Philippines at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Singapore at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Thailand at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Vietnam at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BFD7FF">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Austria at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Belgium at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Bulgaria at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Czechoslovakia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Denmark at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Finland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="France at the 1952 Summer Olympics">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Greece at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Hungary at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Iceland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Ireland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Italy at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Liechtenstein at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Luxembourg at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Monaco at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Netherlands at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Norway at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Poland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Portugal at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Romania at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Saar at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Saar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Soviet Union at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Spain at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Sweden at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Switzerland at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Turkey at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Yugoslavia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BFD7FF">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Australia at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="New Zealand at the 1952 Summer Olympics">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Events_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_(Helsinki)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#BFD7FF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Events_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Template:Events at the 1952 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Events_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Template talk:Events at the 1952 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Events_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Events at the 1952 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Events_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_(Helsinki)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:1952_Summer_Olympics_events" title="Category:1952 Summer Olympics events">Events</a> at the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1952 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Basketball at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Boxing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Canoeing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Canoeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Diving at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_events_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Equestrian events at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Equestrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Gymnastics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Handball_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Handball at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Handball</a> (demonstration)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Modern pentathlon at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Modern pentathlon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pes%C3%A4pallo_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Pesäpallo at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Pesäpallo</a> (demonstration)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Rowing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Rowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Water polo at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Water polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1952 Summer Olympics">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Venues_of_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_(Helsinki)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1952_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template:1952 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1952_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template talk:1952 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1952_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1952 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Venues_of_the_1952_Summer_Olympics_(Helsinki)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Venues_of_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Venues of the 1952 Summer Olympics">Venues</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1952 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4meenlinna" title="Hämeenlinna">Hämeenlinna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmaja" title="Harmaja">Harmaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huopalahti" title="Huopalahti">Huopalahti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4pyl%C3%A4" title="Käpylä">Käpylä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arto_Tolsa_Areena" title="Arto Tolsa Areena">Kotka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laakso" title="Laakso">Laakso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahti" title="Lahti">Lahti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuskasaari" title="Liuskasaari">Liuskasaari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malmi_shooting_range" title="Malmi shooting range">Malmi shooting range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maunula" title="Maunula">Maunula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meilahti" title="Meilahti">Meilahti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6_Sports_Hall" title="Töölö Sports Hall">Messuhalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium" title="Helsinki Olympic Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakila" title="Pakila">Pakila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruskeasuo" title="Ruskeasuo">Ruskeasuo Equestrian Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Swimming_Stadium" title="Helsinki Swimming Stadium">Swimming Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6_Rowing_Stadium" title="Töölö Rowing Stadium">Taivallahti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tali,_Helsinki" title="Tali, Helsinki">Tali Race Track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennispalatsi" title="Tennispalatsi">Tennis Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6n_Pallokentt%C3%A4" title="Töölön Pallokenttä">Töölön Pallokenttä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_Stadion" title="Veritas Stadion">Turku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Velodrome" title="Helsinki Velodrome">Velodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Westend Tennis Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8407#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8407#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8407#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/268799146">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/16187291-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92087240">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0150461&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007394744305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/21px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/42px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Olympics">Olympics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Finland" title="Portal:Finland">Finland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/21px-Sports_icon.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/32px-Sports_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/42px-Sports_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="226" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sports" title="Portal:Sports">Sports</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fifties_jukebox.png/11px-Fifties_jukebox.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fifties_jukebox.png/17px-Fifties_jukebox.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fifties_jukebox.png/23px-Fifties_jukebox.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="493" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:1950s" title="Portal:1950s">1950s</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&oldid=1256620487">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1952_Summer_Olympics&oldid=1256620487</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Category:1952 Summer Olympics">1952 Summer Olympics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_sports_competitions_in_Helsinki" title="Category:International sports competitions in Helsinki">International sports competitions in Helsinki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1952_in_multi-sport_events" title="Category:1952 in multi-sport events">1952 in multi-sport events</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Olympic_Games_in_Finland" title="Category:Olympic Games in Finland">Olympic Games in Finland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympics_by_year" title="Category:Summer Olympics by year">Summer Olympics by year</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1952_in_Finnish_sport" title="Category:1952 in Finnish sport">1952 in Finnish sport</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:July_1952_sports_events_in_Europe" title="Category:July 1952 sports events in Europe">July 1952 sports events in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:August_1952_sports_events_in_Europe" title="Category:August 1952 sports events in Europe">August 1952 sports events in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950s_in_Helsinki" title="Category:1950s in Helsinki">1950s in Helsinki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1952_in_Finland" title="Category:1952 in Finland">1952 in Finland</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Finnish-language_sources_(fi)" title="Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)">CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a 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