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href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%91%B9%EC%8A%A4%EB%A3%AC" title="쑹스룬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쑹스룬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Shilun" title="Song Shilun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Song Shilun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Shilun" title="Song Shilun – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Song Shilun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%B4%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86" title="سونج شى لون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سونج شى لون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%99%82%E8%BC%AA" title="宋時輪 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宋時輪" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Shi-Lun" title="Song Shi-Lun – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Song Shi-Lun" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese general</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%97%B6%E8%BD%AE" class="extiw" title="zh:宋时轮">the corresponding article</a> in Chinese</b>.  <i><small>(February 2024)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at [[:zh:宋时轮]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|zh|宋时轮}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Song_Shilun" title="Talk:Song Shilun">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Song_(Chinese_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Song (Chinese name)">Song</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Song Shilun</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="zh">宋时轮</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Song_Shilun1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Song_Shilun1955.jpg/220px-Song_Shilun1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Song_Shilun1955.jpg/330px-Song_Shilun1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Song_Shilun1955.jpg/440px-Song_Shilun1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="627" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Song in 1955</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Military_Sciences_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Military Sciences (China)">PLA Academy of Military Sciences</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 1972 – November 1985</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheng_Wenhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zheng Wenhan (page does not exist)">Zheng Wenhan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%91%E6%96%87%E7%80%9A" class="extiw" title="zh:郑文瀚">zh</a>]</span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1907-09-01</span>)</span>September 1, 1907<br /><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 17, 1991<span style="display:none">(1991-09-17)</span> (aged 84)<br /><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Zheng Xiaocun</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Military_Academy" title="Republic of China Military Academy">Republic of China Military Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg/23px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg/35px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg/46px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="229" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Workers%27_and_Peasants%27_Red_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army">Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army" title="Eighth Route Army">Eighth Route Army</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/43px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">People's Liberation Army Ground Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1919–1985</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PLAGeneral_r.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PLAGeneral_r.png/50px-PLAGeneral_r.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PLAGeneral_r.png/75px-PLAGeneral_r.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PLAGeneral_r.png/100px-PLAGeneral_r.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="88" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March" title="Long March">Long March</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chosin_Reservoir" title="Battle of Chosin Reservoir">Battle of Chosin Reservoir</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FreedomAndIndependence1Ribbon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/FreedomAndIndependence1Ribbon.jpg/40px-FreedomAndIndependence1Ribbon.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/FreedomAndIndependence1Ribbon.jpg/60px-FreedomAndIndependence1Ribbon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/FreedomAndIndependence1Ribbon.jpg/80px-FreedomAndIndependence1Ribbon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="102" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Freedom_and_Independence" title="Order of Freedom and Independence">Order of Freedom and Independence</a> (1st Class Medal) (1951)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DPRK_ribbon_bar_-_Order_of_National_Flag_1st_Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/DPRK_ribbon_bar_-_Order_of_National_Flag_1st_Class.svg/40px-DPRK_ribbon_bar_-_Order_of_National_Flag_1st_Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/DPRK_ribbon_bar_-_Order_of_National_Flag_1st_Class.svg/60px-DPRK_ribbon_bar_-_Order_of_National_Flag_1st_Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/DPRK_ribbon_bar_-_Order_of_National_Flag_1st_Class.svg/80px-DPRK_ribbon_bar_-_Order_of_National_Flag_1st_Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="62" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_National_Flag" title="Order of the National Flag">Order of the National Flag</a> (1st Class Medal) (1953)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg/40px-Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg/60px-Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg/80px-Order_of_Bayi_1st_Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/August_1_Medal_(1955)" title="August 1 Medal (1955)">Order of August 1</a> (1st Class Medal) (1955)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg/40px-Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg/60px-Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg/80px-Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_1st_Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom" title="Order of Independence and Freedom">Order of Independence and Freedom</a> (1st Class Medal) (1955)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg/40px-Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg/60px-Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg/80px-Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Liberation_(China)" title="Order of Liberation (China)">Order of Liberation</a> (1st Class Medal) (1955)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:宋">宋</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%97%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:时">时</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BD%AE" class="extiw" title="wikt:轮">轮</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:宋">宋</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%99%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:時">時</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BC%AA" class="extiw" title="wikt:輪">輪</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Sòng Shílún</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Sung Shih-lun</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Song Shilun</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">宋时轮</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Sòng Shílún</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Sung Shih-lun</span></i>; 1907–1991), <a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">né</a> Song Jiyao (宋际尧, named from Chinese legendary <a href="/wiki/King_Yao" class="mw-redirect" title="King Yao">King Yao</a>), was a Chinese general in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a>. He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Military_Academy" title="Republic of China Military Academy">Whampoa Military Academy</a> and participated in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_Sino-Japanese_War_(1937–1945)"><span id="Second_Sino-Japanese_War_.281937.E2.80.931945.29"></span>Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Song_Shilun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Song commanded the 716th regiment of the 358th brigade of the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army" title="Eighth Route Army">Eighth Route Army</a>'s 120th division at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>. In September 1937, he participated in operations north of the <a href="/wiki/Yanmen_Pass" title="Yanmen Pass">Yanmen Pass</a> and was appointed commander and commissar of the North Yanmen detachment. In less than a month, he managed to recapture several villages and threatened Japanese control over the important railway juncture <a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a>. This action was highly praised by the Eighth Route Army high command. </p><p>In May of 1938, the North Yanmen detachment merged with the <a href="/wiki/Deng_Hua" title="Deng Hua">Deng Hua</a> detachment to form the 4th column, with Song as commander with 5,300 men. He then launched an attack on the Japanese-controlled <a href="/wiki/East_Hebei_Autonomous_Government" title="East Hebei Autonomous Government">East Hebei Autonomous Government</a> and captured the cities of <a href="/wiki/Yanqing,_Beijing" title="Yanqing, Beijing">Yanqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yongning,_Beijing" title="Yongning, Beijing">Yongning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sihai,_Beijing" title="Sihai, Beijing">Sihai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xinglong_County" title="Xinglong County">Xinglong</a>. He subsequently launched the <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Hebei_Uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Hebei Uprising (page does not exist)">East Hebei Uprising</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%80%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%A8" class="extiw" title="zh:冀东大暴动">zh</a>]</span> by mobilizing local civilians and the forces under his command quickly exceeded 100,000 men and controlled most of East Hebei. However, because the mobilized forces received little training, it was quickly repulsed by a Japanese counterattack and forced to retreat west of <a href="/wiki/Beiping" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiping">Beiping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> commended Song for his achievements, reporting that "Song and Deng's column reached deep into East Hebei for several months, fomented a rebellion in coordination with local party elements, restored Chinese administration in the area, established an operation zone with the help of the masses, expanded our army's influence far behind enemy lines, and dealt damage to the enemy. It can be said that there was achievement."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Song returned to <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a> in 1940 and received further training at the <a href="/wiki/Central_Party_School_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Party School</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chinese_Civil_War">Chinese Civil War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Song_Shilun&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chinese Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Song joined <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(marshal)" title="Chen Yi (marshal)">Chen Yi</a> in Shandong in September of 1945 and served as chief of staff of the local formations. He was appointed to operational commander of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Executive_Headquarters_Peiping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Executive Headquarters Peiping (page does not exist)">Executive Headquarters Peiping</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E8%B0%83%E5%A4%84%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E9%83%A8" class="extiw" title="zh:军事调处执行部">zh</a>]</span> in January of 1946 and assisted <a href="/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a> in negotiating with nationalist military representatives. During this period, he successfully resolved several skirmishes between communist and nationalist forces and escaped an assassination attempt. After the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Kuomintang-Communist_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War">Second Chinese Civil War</a>, he served as chief of staff of the communist Shandong Field Army, but was removed from command after suffering a defeat in <a href="/wiki/Si_County" title="Si County">Si County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-张雄文_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-张雄文-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was then appointed deputy commander of the Bohai Military District, then was promoted to commander of the 10th column of the East China Field Army and defeated <a href="/wiki/Qiu_Qingquan" title="Qiu Qingquan">Qiu Qingquan</a> in a blocking action during the Battle of East Henan. He continued to lead the 10th column in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jinan" title="Battle of Jinan">Battle of Jinan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huaihai_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaihai Campaign">Huaihai Campaign</a>. During the latter, he and Liu Shanpei commanded the 7th, 10, and 11th columns and successfully intercepted attempts by Qiu Qingquan and <a href="/wiki/Li_Mi_(Republic_of_China_general)" title="Li Mi (Republic of China general)">Li Mi</a> to relieve the encirclement of <a href="/wiki/Huang_Baitao" title="Huang Baitao">Huang Baitao</a>, thus ensuring that Huang's force would be fully annihilated. </p><p>In 1949, the East China Field Army was reorganized into the <a href="/wiki/Third_Field_Army" title="Third Field Army">Third Field Army</a>, and Song was promoted to commander of the 9th Army. He participated in the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Crossing_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Crossing Campaign">Yangtze River Crossing Campaign</a> and the <a href="/wiki/27th_Group_Army" title="27th Group Army">27th Corps</a> under his command was one of the first communist formations to penetrate the nationalist defenses along the Yangtze River. He then encircled 7 nationalist corps and destroyed 5 in the area of <a href="/wiki/Langxi_County" title="Langxi County">Langxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangde" title="Guangde">Guangde</a>. In May 1949, Song participated in the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Campaign" title="Shanghai Campaign">Shanghai Campaign</a> and subsequently served as commander of the Shanghai garrison.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Korean_War">Korean War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Song_Shilun&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Korean War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, Song commanded the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Volunteer_Army" title="People's Volunteer Army">People's Volunteer Army</a> 9th Army. His armies fought against the US Army 31st Regimental Combat Team and the 1st Marine Division at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chosin_Reservoir" title="Battle of Chosin Reservoir">Chosin Reservoir</a> in November–December 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and the 9th Army later participated in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_spring_offensive" title="Chinese spring offensive">Chinese spring offensive</a>. He returned to China in 1952. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaction_to_the_government's_response_to_the_Tiananmen_Square_protests"><span id="Reaction_to_the_government.27s_response_to_the_Tiananmen_Square_protests"></span>Reaction to the government's response to the Tiananmen Square protests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Song_Shilun&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reaction to the government's response to the Tiananmen Square protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiananmen Square protests of 1989">Tiananmen Square protests</a> of spring 1989, Song joined former minister of defense <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Aiping" title="Zhang Aiping">Zhang Aiping</a> and five other retired generals in opposing the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_at_Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army at Tiananmen Square protests of 1989">enforcement of martial law by the Army in Beijing</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Due to the exigent circumstances, we as old soldiers, make the following request: Since the People's Army belongs to the people, it cannot stand against the people, much less kill the people, and must not be permitted to fire on the people and cause bloodshed; to prevent the situation from escalating, the Army must not enter the city.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Ye_Fei" title="Ye Fei">Ye Fei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Aiping" title="Zhang Aiping">Zhang Aiping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiao_Ke" title="Xiao Ke">Xiao Ke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yang_Dezhi" title="Yang Dezhi">Yang Dezhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chen_Zaidao" title="Chen Zaidao">Chen Zaidao</a>, Song Shilun and <a href="/wiki/Li_Jukui" title="Li Jukui">Li Jukui</a>, May 21, 1989 letter to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> and Capital Martial Law Command Headquarters<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Song_Shilun&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREF罗印文1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">罗印文 (1995). <i>邓华将军传</i> (in Simplified Chinese). 北京: 中共中央党校出版社. pp. 104–114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5035-1225-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5035-1225-4"><bdi>978-7-5035-1225-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E9%82%93%E5%8D%8E%E5%B0%86%E5%86%9B%E4%BC%A0&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pages=104-114&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%9A%E6%A0%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-7-5035-1225-4&rft.au=%E7%BD%97%E5%8D%B0%E6%96%87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASong+Shilun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF范硕2000" class="citation journal cs1">范硕 (2000). "最艰难处显奇才——记宋时轮将军二三事". <i>黄埔</i> (6): 10–14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E9%BB%84%E5%9F%94&rft.atitle=%E6%9C%80%E8%89%B0%E9%9A%BE%E5%A4%84%E6%98%BE%E5%A5%87%E6%89%8D%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%AE%8B%E6%97%B6%E8%BD%AE%E5%B0%86%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%8B&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=10-14&rft.date=2000&rft.au=%E8%8C%83%E7%A1%95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASong+Shilun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-张雄文-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-张雄文_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ifeng.com/history/minjianshuoshi/zhangxiongwen/detail_2014_01/21/33207941_0.shtml">"某开国上将谈军史奚落粟裕：他打过鲁南战役？"</a>. <i>张雄文</i> (in Simplified Chinese). 凤凰网. 2014-01-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707002852/http://news.ifeng.com/history/minjianshuoshi/zhangxiongwen/detail_2014_01/21/33207941_0.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%BC%A0%E9%9B%84%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=%E6%9F%90%E5%BC%80%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8A%E5%B0%86%E8%B0%88%E5%86%9B%E5%8F%B2%E5%A5%9A%E8%90%BD%E7%B2%9F%E8%A3%95%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%96%E6%89%93%E8%BF%87%E9%B2%81%E5%8D%97%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2014-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ifeng.com%2Fhistory%2Fminjianshuoshi%2Fzhangxiongwen%2Fdetail_2014_01%2F21%2F33207941_0.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASong+Shilun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF张明金、刘立勤2010年" class="citation book cs1">张明金、刘立勤 (2010年). <i>中国人民解放军历史上的200个军区</i>. 北京: 解放军文艺出版社. p. 313. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5033-2252-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5033-2252-5"><bdi>978-7-5033-2252-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84200%E4%B8%AA%E5%86%9B%E5%8C%BA&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pages=313&rft.pub=%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-7-5033-2252-5&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E6%98%8E%E9%87%91%E3%80%81%E5%88%98%E7%AB%8B%E5%8B%A4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASong+Shilun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paulnoll.com/Korea/War/General-Song-Shilun.html">"General Song Shilun, Chinese Military Leaders During the Korean War"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812204519/http://www.paulnoll.com/Korea/War/General-Song-Shilun.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Song+Shilun%2C+Chinese+Military+Leaders+During+the+Korean+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paulnoll.com%2FKorea%2FWar%2FGeneral-Song-Shilun.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASong+Shilun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voachinese.com/content/a-21-w2005-02-05-voa40-57786062/1056870.html">"鲜明对照：中外媒体谈赵紫阳葬礼"</a>. <i>美国之音</i>. 2005-04-02. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523194822/http://www.voachinese.com/content/a-21-w2005-02-05-voa40-57786062/1056870.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-05-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%8A%E5%B0%86%E4%B8%8A%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9%E6%88%92%E4%B8%A5%E5%A7%8B%E6%9C%AB&rft.date=2021-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.creaders.net%2Fchina%2F2021%2F06%2F04%2F2360865.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASong+Shilun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Military_Sciences_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Military Sciences (China)">PLA Academy of Military Sciences</a> </b><br />1972–1985 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheng_Wenhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zheng Wenhan (page does not exist)">Zheng Wenhan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%91%E6%96%87%E7%80%9A" class="extiw" title="zh:郑文瀚">zh</a>]</span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_PLA_Shang_Jiang" title="Template:First PLA Shang Jiang"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_PLA_Shang_Jiang" title="Template talk:First PLA Shang Jiang"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_PLA_Shang_Jiang" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First PLA Shang Jiang"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Founding_generals_of_the_People&#039;s_Liberation_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Founding <a href="/wiki/Jiang_(rank)" title="Jiang (rank)">generals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Bojun" title="Chen Bojun">Chen Bojun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Mingren" title="Chen Mingren">Chen Mingren</a> (awarded 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Qihan" title="Chen Qihan">Chen Qihan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Shiju_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Shiju (general) (page does not exist)">Chen Shiju</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">陈士榘</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Xilian" title="Chen Xilian">Chen Xilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Zaidao" title="Chen Zaidao">Chen Zaidao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Hua" title="Deng Hua">Deng Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Qiwu" title="Dong Qiwu">Dong Qiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Qiutao" title="Fu Qiutao">Fu Qiutao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Zhong" title="Fu Zhong">Fu Zhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_Siqi" title="Gan Siqi">Gan Siqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Tianmin" title="Guo Tianmin">Guo Tianmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xianchu" title="Han Xianchu">Han Xianchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Bingyan" title="He Bingyan">He Bingyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Xuezhi" title="Hong Xuezhi">Hong Xuezhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Yongsheng" title="Huang Yongsheng">Huang Yongsheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Chuanzhu" title="Lai Chuanzhu">Lai Chuanzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Da_(general)" title="Li Da (general)">Li Da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jukui" title="Li Jukui">Li Jukui</a> (awarded 1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Kenong" title="Li Kenong">Li Kenong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Tao_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Tao (general) (page does not exist)">Li Tao</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">李涛</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Tianyou" title="Li Tianyou">Li Tianyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zhimin" title="Li Zhimin">Li Zhimin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yalou" title="Liu Yalou">Liu Yalou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhen_(PRC)" title="Liu Zhen (PRC)">Liu Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Zhengcao" title="Lü Zhengcao">Lü Zhengcao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Shaohui" title="Peng Shaohui">Peng Shaohui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Renqiong" title="Song Renqiong">Song Renqiong</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Song Shilun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Zhenhua" title="Su Zhenhua">Su Zhenhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_Liang" title="Tang Liang">Tang Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Zhiyue" title="Tao Zhiyue">Tao Zhiyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hongkun" title="Wang Hongkun">Wang Hongkun</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">王宏坤</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jian%27an" title="Wang Jian'an">Wang Jian'an</a> (awarded 1956)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Ping_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Ping (general) (page does not exist)">Wang Ping</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">王平</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xinting" title="Wang Xinting">Wang Xinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen_(general)" title="Wang Zhen (general)">Wang Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guoqing" title="Wei Guoqing">Wei Guoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Hua_(general)" title="Xiao Hua (general)">Xiao Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Ke" title="Xiao Ke">Xiao Ke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Fuzhi" title="Xie Fuzhi">Xie Fuzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Shiyou" title="Xu Shiyou">Xu Shiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Hongyan" title="Yan Hongyan">Yan Hongyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Chengwu" title="Yang Chengwu">Yang Chengwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Dezhi" title="Yang Dezhi">Yang Dezhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Yong_(general)" title="Yang Yong (general)">Yang Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Zhicheng_(PRC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Zhicheng (PRC) (page does not exist)">Yang Zhicheng</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">杨至成</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Fei" title="Ye Fei">Ye Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Aiping" title="Zhang Aiping">Zhang Aiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zongxun" title="Zhang Zongxun">Zhang Zongxun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Erlu" title="Zhao Erlu">Zhao Erlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhong_Qiguang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhong Qiguang (page does not exist)">Zhong Qiguang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">钟期光</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Chunquan" title="Zhou Chunquan">Zhou Chunquan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Huan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Huan (page does not exist)">Zhou Huan</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">周桓</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Shidi" title="Zhou Shidi">Zhou Shidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Liangcai" title="Zhu Liangcai">Zhu Liangcai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q495182#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q495182#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q495182#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000388462439">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/281696757">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrGvhgH3FyMcbgR9Yh4MP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p183083032">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiang_Kai-shek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Chiang_Kai-shek.jpg/30px-Chiang_Kai-shek.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Chiang_Kai-shek.jpg/45px-Chiang_Kai-shek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Chiang_Kai-shek.jpg/60px-Chiang_Kai-shek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This biographical article related to the military of China is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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