CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135e2dc4ec23f4b',cH: '3CeLM8j_nmL9PuUNIh7WVkDdCaIkg5fIiNd_qVbgtGU-1739796448-1.2.1.1-m5UpAVplIifwEBUKCsAjwi3qRmLB.PA51fgngvWDrHAoCTJn7MWfxlvOaHPci5pR',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Jonas%20Chikelue%20Ogbuefi&__cf_chl_tk=LFNKQWgjpPzz1m5ab03UCApAMsUGFcixEJZhXxypIyc-1739796448-1.0.1.1-yztYuz.Q9GzysST0eaT.qQ3KxntxSRmhlqyDybzdhuI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739796448',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Jonas%20Chikelue%20Ogbuefi&__cf_chl_f_tk=LFNKQWgjpPzz1m5ab03UCApAMsUGFcixEJZhXxypIyc-1739796448-1.0.1.1-yztYuz.Q9GzysST0eaT.qQ3KxntxSRmhlqyDybzdhuI",md: "YMeXl1tlvRrNcV2ikuZPaDnuHUrGH3hOZ5vt_ZfuURY-1739796448-1.2.1.1-ggUx2RkxHWuE1cZfAjCwRktzzTbDYommsDnZ9.ZQGl9yeuFXL8zFbJxuDMeywi3g7llc1WKc0mtBKNYZwdn.iOuX1qkavS_4NskVuCHRPr5QdcbdBP8Z4UlI473HMRGfgfiI8FnbHtT.41tO83hEoeZ2xVDv7wI8mgN9Oie9j1a2Lt3Io4lPMcYWpd6Gk7KJYrEFVR6OG94daWzaHZPvnxF7MgjvTpSoNtTGaA6e8kdRHr7c5ZG5pC7qdA03yHKNnVxqZPvGa7cUIbPof.Q9djPPOYF9N77E_XbM3Y_0cD79djvopS4zQSIunMupo_QyiNa5EKTofFbIy6AeGt.oFrxxU9fd8n.cbQ3sV9jbxDIDNxQIGnY6oti6g_pbxzBdvashcA.pyw5dhOkQL1gagBdlKaQEMO6zTDrk.myX.o6wcuynQpbBwIE5RpH.0vGFnaIGPjGlHjPGm7G0HpYtetb5B7RbsO72Z_Pq6KzWJFHg9acYA1VVm6ifi7OyqTGSyKaH8DHluIYihylsdAow5N3z_2Euhnry3ljC9h9VeeDcE7_hBr.5RZTEt.SbXJSBIupG9I2GS8VzNP1mgwAy_dubxkyKRdiY5HZxZ_Rj91JnFHvyAheEmLGCqmWrKwE6Sr7BgUmSai0itDfNcJSz8_NkyHTpyjTf.K9BZRzSjij21GjF74Iy_W.9LAMa0jTeTV.yNpB4d8C5K9_UVYpK0TFDGC2y0fT3yKSiEP8LSBPezoUDIuLSqHSK7s_s7b_s5f9Fpo8P41WUTgvC07RjvlTQGuSsMUel93jcKSogSlPGB9hVm69l9gJy0w1KE7.L8EgPq4.EnMWCULwioN4Be_4GUwYUjZc_IWSlxRQFviKE.aarxE8ypYAsnIYBaJQdqapdIhC_KYBB69UR.Fs4UlJGONI7CuNoOht7bM0dGeadT8Xmm3wnPVqrKIrUiJADf4hYPPGlaRrFOL6dwpSDuzpoG6sNtwTMuRU1wCD34O2wpxCFGfix0MAW9c7hAM3rOI7EJUXAkGVfU1WVB35r1Dmq54Udz0pFwrg_kuyMNmHIZlkBsCEtAFQffH_.tv66bae.bXm0tWZSGIg8pqyP3m1bN1gvM2r0P0MIou3YJAISyzEOELeM9yiOaYz0GNUun2ZJ_g5b53ypHHAo78c7q4Oz16Jo.fKwPWXsQvyedTo2uMYLBGeYJbiinpfL7AIaqqSYHfQ5OW9mz4M_Rx8myMyusT1mXqvoTT3Md57VHsslgLxCIRB3Vn9jXFprzGORQtRo9zakPwSvUZNim5EIwgvBvC3HCjEGUJam1ufiYXH_6VwsF1IL8EA1jmMtgZZIdzHzkEKNHb2t6.w2cX3Bp2qo2j58v54ZKVhtbcFxx0ll9brAacdUy5CcTjqAF.hThINjKvc3676F_k4eR1DJ2W.X1pqtmqbsKzqkqPq5OTjNTndhjEmSYh6r.Rd4.NJm6dGhMXnkAHdrg5yjoYcHmlCgewXkcUEUKl4fXwsx4w5xY1xVkQB2VkE0GYnyX19pUULde17qYXfwh9Y6bNYCXgyFIZB1w2mAZguWv7X1IL5T4v6chK6lUkfdUwrWw.GCNhyyDXChXEpzfOh0yK.FWlyjk_gju83hq1Leivd0FqTV7NhL1xSGCIvnshpjIWV5SqmHJVbRAF889oAPIUHYCK3AHq2mCGUJ7g9rv24wz.NTiCP5axboR_qDfRSXizZCXKriQ6kUnbC9kx5L0Mgrqb2iqr54x4tm_FbNLEHwDHuoqkeWdSoynm3HI4T10cMOM9ixmu9h3IwggaeVMA1Uv3IIThj2NdGry.9db59Eu71lrxTBTbQk0pgK9HGWaHZMNDpPWiWkqucX8g.doiTOEf_06nLD.ri.LNrl30sKsSftZtGtMz4MyuqwDnwxMPDS2z7HokwPh_7mdoLTfCaKJ9GX6Ma94u8vZ5g0jNHKq96wMtC_034HfJp7FG2BL9U7",mdrd: "5J63_5Hal0BYyEBNcDMBnNARto1iyT4OEhG88y5tYJo-1739796448-1.2.1.1-UcmmSjcnvbtW_yCmKy5RHHIJR5sWYVtuD2OVE1JpvIjasm4dRsNTsbarVA2mFItu79nCBD3Ars9jfo63od1L6GBuetcmDRhPYliYqpdm8mySdOcKb1mAfT7L4lnOfUUqdZmKYJqOHjknYjPje7IBc_9HynEqQAT6OOrnGGS3xBCRUsrCHRLdqMd0.C5dObI04HtIGwMG0S.5jPUkAU3cb0tUeNvFkahXFhdasJEvqhHS_AWRg92akuf5UyWsbOkdx3GFLjxsZnVrpprX7QYx1pEV9tavb2CGFtQ1BVtSGsl445qve8wZGdX29SV36HtzdrqVBKr2CHx0H5hxRFrl8imfMfGBv.iQbXaeZRQOOD8anmLqU3CiphYwaWUHUaaSvCUgjC0Ira9z7mQRueeogESy_8z7lWhxjKHgNQlEdZmfbtPrW3yf9Kh0vOfyZy28BOYVz8IbTsuzwuQzUB_ko9rxDbzW4KVlMbAUDjA43brbTZKKBSHaNxlRcMBemRGWjqV30UKak8aqvvFZLFFyhrZnEJkRTFmHJ0LbDYlUSUGxadNDLiNdCg31K83wJL3ttrkqr4KgXpZ4PwjcLDP6z4qqnRL5JlEAhvEGLkjscpRpVEhQ60i2au5mgXueJ4egfzhLJprkf0xXe52BrgF8bGCtbsX4FTiYPVWC4M7KzONyD06vlSthv4Pj4Ak3m7uVCwEwSfskeTTHwaeKv9CCyByKp3Fd.SYdWVAv4SlIJPPEU4iPN.b3_ralzZBx3g5icBCcxwtsu4vePAi8MLIrwTaBgLOpDp1hXV3s42GmKjdd_NMKBY_0Ev1lHgXTlEfd2cDxbHqIs_0KDSOyp5tEueUelmaCA0eCcznR5712LtJyW_JFeNMK2jGwajFCqFpMRfJnH8lvR1YZv3DnsBC7MgTnx81hJ99TvU0nLsDqQUA9ReiutsQAlgkJlmk0XcKBgNM4lNG1E3uNY6aG02_oaf7Beq1TzYNLXIF2LMH6MZUxy1XatVzmx0VwntRxjcFfJD1raXSCJmSWKCs55O0xlPAt19sarrytXojhIl7VSn16euHNsySjOKckFT4AGpgjNt4KZwvWi0qm8HiDzy8ZOXKnVgaEBE6Z8tRupP1g7dng1pi.B7EHKPkfiY17d6OPCal5RNOJGsYx3Z2.5_ad2L1fHytNMUC_vaZRqt59dOt7Za4dNnxeqyXo3nKmW0DaVvfAvY7p4skw5imNMz6ECFc4LDQ.bpYIPtynWKHx.XWDHlz09Ya5uMTdJOsa3se7cTQq8R4Y5V8aNkkQCfHpMSayx1pl8V04CR0m0N76Hyr2hV3uhr__MuA7PJmU1U4KEZDov.4dv.tHCBbKDy.IHNDcAr05q0HbKqEBFGoGj9x0_VienlnfzJ3mgAmYfT4g03RIpqJj70fHe2vEEorkSjYndASQqTGqtGJuT_Btn9OVuy1sWDaNhpbOfEwnAHoSo31YvbQYvJm4Ez.AFA5uDwLhw7PbCXcCbh1HfMcwQJBFMv10CxNqGEwrrNYgeKu9ZCera0LFmq1SdZE8Z5UutRgBGaMtn.Th7vOtD5nbTUhJMJLBPvfARKhbbX.aAbatPd3KFzzw8EGb0TU8CFCTOucUYEuwwVvFjzym2V46xO_p0_ujOEw00SuYwcsom.BtCfzpRq_wyyLnHmSwm5OSPrUgE74j8U0W6tLJ.pz0RGoj5ALHhGuW69bbx14pfDMerEohw0XUY4s1OKwAG74WDCnSDxpVqllR07PQbwlt5whrm4Q_Yu6b3rFhyGxEJqO7kqHD9_hfEkUk2jciqYl9cHZ5j1j5X7wADtQLizIoRvtTc866KVuJI_kz5LDv7dTZWzc8vUPFj9E_ZiouL5BWkbu9ZfUK4KmsXQSyXtZAdMK5bNGNZyju8K1.HrXIXU__9zSDjdHMBSGo.eFTS2Tnq2PQOVikwjjZ9acQ6lWNxCZp3kUuTK6HGohnwM5cwRbv"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135e2dc4ec23f4b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Jonas%20Chikelue%20Ogbuefi&__cf_chl_rt_tk=LFNKQWgjpPzz1m5ab03UCApAMsUGFcixEJZhXxypIyc-1739796448-1.0.1.1-yztYuz.Q9GzysST0eaT.qQ3KxntxSRmhlqyDybzdhuI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>