CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Physics - Wikisource, the free online library</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikisourcemwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"31a59d4a-95a2-4098-8b08-9f4c57c82f15","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Portal","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":100,"wgPageName":"Portal:Physics","wgTitle":"Physics","wgCurRevisionId":14264650,"wgRevisionId":14264650,"wgArticleId":759509,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories": ["Pages using the DynamicPageList extension","Science portals","Portals","Physics"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Portal:Physics","wgRelevantArticleId":759509,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikisource","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"prpProofreadPageBookNamespaces":[0,0,114],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":false,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty": false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q413","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"]};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.Site-styles":"ready","ext.gadget.MoreMenu-local-pagestyles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","codex-search-styles":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.Easy_LST","ext.gadget.Fill_Index","ext.gadget.IndexFormTools","ext.gadget.Site","ext.gadget.PageNumbers","ext.gadget.MoreMenu-local","ext.gadget.PurgeTab", "ext.gadget.interwiki-transclusion","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.checkUser.clientHints","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.MoreMenu-local-pagestyles%2CSite-styles&only=styles&skin=vector"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Physics - Wikisource, the free online library"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Physics"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikisource.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikisource (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikisource.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Physics"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikisource Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-100 ns-subject mw-editable page-Portal_Physics rootpage-Portal_Physics skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Portal</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Physics</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikisource</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="ws-noexport"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r13861248">.mw-parser-output .wst-portal-header{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .wst-portal-header .wst-header-mainblock{border:1px solid #36A;background-color:#DDE}.mw-parser-output .wst-portal-header .wst-portal-header-parentlink{display:inline-block;padding:4px;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .wst-portal-header .wst-header-notes{border-bottom:1px solid #88A;background-color:#FCFBFF}.mw-parser-output .wst-portal-header .wst-header-title{font-weight:bold}</style></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14182871">.mw-parser-output .wst-header-mainblock{margin:4px auto 4px auto;padding:0 3px;display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-back,.mw-parser-output .wst-header-forward{display:flex;flex:1 4 100%;min-width:min-content;align-items:center;font-size:.9em}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-nav-empty{visibility:hidden}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-back{justify-content:flex-start;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-central-cell{flex:4 1 100%;max-width:max-content;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-forward{justify-content:flex-end;text-align:right}@media(max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .wst-header-mainblock{flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-central-cell{flex:0 0 100%;order:-2;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-back,.mw-parser-output .wst-header-forward{width:auto}}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-notes{display:inline-block;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;empty-cells:hide;font-size:.9em;line-height:1.4;margin:0 auto 4px auto;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-left{float:left}</style><div class="ws-header wst-header-structure wst-unknown wst-portal-header q"><div class="wst-header-mainblock wst-unknown-mainblock wst-portal-header-mainblock ws-header ws-noexport noprint"><div class="wst-header-back searchaux wst-unknown-back"><div class="wst-header-back-arrow">←</div><div class="wst-header-back-link"><div class="wst-portal-parentlink">Class Q - <a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science</a></div></div></div><div class="wst-header-central-cell wst-unknown-central-cell"><span class="wst-header-title wst-unknown-title">Physics</span></div><div class="wst-header-forward searchaux wst-unknown-forward wst-header-nav-empty"><div class="wst-header-forward-link"></div><div class="wst-header-forward-arrow">→</div></div></div><div class="wst-header-notes header_notes searchaux wst-unknown-notes wst-portal-header-notes"><div class="wst-header-left header_notes_left_content wst-unknown-left"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14317267">.mw-parser-output .wst-portal-class{background:#f9f9f9;color:#202122;border:solid #aaa 1px;font-size:0.90em;margin:0.5ex 1.00em 1.00em 0;padding:4px;min-width:6em;text-align:center;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .wst-portal-class-title{font-size:0.90em;font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output .wst-portal-class-text{font-size:144%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wst-portal-class-base{font-size:0.90em}</style><div class="wst-portal-class"><div class="wst-portal-class-title">Class</div><div class="wst-portal-class-text"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Q</a><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C</a></div><div class="wst-portal-class-base"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portals" title="Portal:Portals">Main</a>/<a href="/wiki/Portal:Index" title="Portal:Index">Index</a></div></div></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14321584">.mw-parser-output .plainSister{display:block;font-size:93%;line-height:normal;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none;list-style-position:outside;border:1px solid #AAA;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5ex 0 0.5ex 0.5ex;padding:0;background:#FFFFFF;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .sisicon,.mw-parser-output .dabicon{padding-right:1ex}</style><ul class="plainSister"><li class="sisitem"><span class="sisicon"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="Sister Projects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/18px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/27px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/36px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">sister projects</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics" class="extiw" title="w:Portal:Physics">Wikipedia article</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Physics" class="extiw" title="c:Physics">Commons gallery</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Physics" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Physics">Commons category</a>, <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Physics" class="extiw" title="q:Physics">quotes</a>, <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Subject:Physics" class="extiw" title="b:Subject:Physics">textbook</a>, <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/School:Physics" class="extiw" title="v:School:Physics">course</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413" class="extiw" title="d:Q413">Wikidata item</a></li></ul><div class="wst-header-content header_notes_content wst-header-notes-content wst-unknown-notes-content"> <p>This Portal lists texts written primarily about the subject of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" class="extiw" title="w:Physics">Physics</a>. </p> </div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atom_clipart_violet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colour diagram of an atom of Beryllium, showing four electrons, four protons and four neutrons, all in violet with red electron orbits." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Atom_clipart_violet.svg/184px-Atom_clipart_violet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="184" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Atom_clipart_violet.svg/276px-Atom_clipart_violet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Atom_clipart_violet.svg/368px-Atom_clipart_violet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="184" data-file-height="184" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#General"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">General</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Subject_matter_of_Natural_Philosophy_informed_by_science_of_Physics"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Subject matter of Natural Philosophy informed by science of Physics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Philosophy_of_Physics_(procedural)"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Philosophy of Physics (procedural)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Weights_and_measures"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Weights and measures</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Descriptive_and_experimental_mechanics"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Descriptive and experimental mechanics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Atomic_physics"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Atomic physics</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Relativity"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Relativity</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Quantum_theory"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Quantum theory</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Gravitation"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Gravitation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Kinetic_Theories_of_Gravitation"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Kinetic Theories of Gravitation</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Sound_and_acoustics"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Sound and acoustics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Heat_and_thermodynamics"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Heat and thermodynamics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Light_and_optics"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Light and optics</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Aether"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Aether</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Spectroscopy"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Spectroscopy</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Radiation_physics"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Radiation physics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Electricity"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Electricity</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Electromagnetic_theory"><span class="tocnumber">12.1</span> <span class="toctext">Electromagnetic theory</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Radio_waves"><span class="tocnumber">12.2</span> <span class="toctext">Radio waves</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Electric_discharge"><span class="tocnumber">12.3</span> <span class="toctext">Electric discharge</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Plasma_physics"><span class="tocnumber">12.4</span> <span class="toctext">Plasma physics</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Magnetism"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Magnetism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Nuclear_and_particle_physics"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Nuclear and particle physics</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Atomic_energy"><span class="tocnumber">14.1</span> <span class="toctext">Atomic energy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Radioactivity"><span class="tocnumber">14.2</span> <span class="toctext">Radioactivity</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Radioactive_substances"><span class="tocnumber">14.3</span> <span class="toctext">Radioactive substances</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Elementary_particle_physics"><span class="tocnumber">14.4</span> <span class="toctext">Elementary particle physics</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Geophysics_and_cosmic_physics"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">Geophysics and cosmic physics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Geomagnetism"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">Geomagnetism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Unsorted"><span class="tocnumber">18</span> <span class="toctext">Unsorted</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">19</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">20</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General">General</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physics_(Aristotle)" class="mw-disambig" title="Physics (Aristotle)">Physics</a><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:25%25.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Incomplete"><img alt="Incomplete" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/25%25.svg/9px-25%25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/25%25.svg/14px-25%25.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/25%25.svg/18px-25%25.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span> by <a href="/wiki/Author:Aristotle" title="Author:Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, translated by Wikisource</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogues_Concerning_Two_New_Sciences" title="Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences">Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences</a> (1638) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Galileo_Galilei" title="Author:Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Author:Henry_Crew" title="Author:Henry Crew">Henry Crew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author:Alfonso_De_Salvio" title="Author:Alfonso De Salvio">Alfonso De Salvio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discourse_Concerning_the_Natation_of_Bodies" title="Discourse Concerning the Natation of Bodies">Discourse Concerning the Natation of Bodies</a> (1612) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Galileo_Galilei" title="Author:Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Author:Thomas_Salusbury" title="Author:Thomas Salusbury">Thomas Salusbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1729)" title="The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1729)">The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy</a> (1729) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Isaac_Newton" title="Author:Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)" title="The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1846)">The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy</a> (1846) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Isaac_Newton" title="Author:Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Translation:Derivation_of_the_laws_of_motion_and_equilibrium_from_a_metaphysical_principle" title="Translation:Derivation of the laws of motion and equilibrium from a metaphysical principle">Derivation of the laws of motion and equilibrium from a metaphysical principle</a> (1746) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Pierre_Louis_Moreau_de_Maupertuis" title="Author:Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis">Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis</a>, translated by Wikisource</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation:Methodus_inveniendi/Additamentum_II" title="Translation:Methodus inveniendi/Additamentum II">Additamentum II: Concerning the motion of particles in a non-resistant medium, determined by a method of maxima and minima</a> by <a href="/wiki/Author:Leonhard_Euler" title="Author:Leonhard Euler">Leonhard Euler</a>, translated by Wikisource from <a href="/wiki/Translation:Methodus_inveniendi" title="Translation:Methodus inveniendi">Translation:Methodus inveniendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Conservation_of_Force" title="On the Conservation of Force">On the Conservation of Force</a> (1862-3) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Hermann_von_Helmholtz" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Author:Edmund_Atkinson" title="Author:Edmund Atkinson">Edmund Atkinson</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_3/October_1873/The_Primary_Concepts_of_Modern_Physical_Science_I" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 3/October 1873/The Primary Concepts of Modern Physical Science I">The Primary Concepts of Modern Physical Science I</a> as it appeared in the October 1873 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_4/November_1873/The_Primary_Concepts_of_Modern_Physical_Science_II" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 4/November 1873/The Primary Concepts of Modern Physical Science II">The Primary Concepts of Modern Physical Science II</a> as it appeared in the November 1873 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_4/December_1873/The_Primary_Concepts_of_Modern_Physical_Science_III" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 4/December 1873/The Primary Concepts of Modern Physical Science III">The Primary Concepts of Modern Physical Science III</a> as it appeared in the December 1873 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_4/January_1874/The_Primary_Concepts_of_Modern_Physical_Science_IV" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 4/January 1874/The Primary Concepts of Modern Physical Science IV">The Primary Concepts of Modern Physical Science IV</a> as it appeared in the January 1874 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_21/May_1882/Stallo%27s_Concepts_of_Modern_Physics" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 21/May 1882/Stallo's Concepts of Modern Physics">Stallo's Concepts of Modern Physics</a> as it appeared in the May 1882 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subject_matter_of_Natural_Philosophy_informed_by_science_of_Physics">Subject matter of Natural Philosophy informed by science of Physics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Subject matter of Natural Philosophy informed by science of Physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Measure_of_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="The Measure of Time">The Measure of Time</a> (1898) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Author:Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Author:George_Bruce_Halsted" title="Author:George Bruce Halsted">George Bruce Halsted</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy_of_Physics_(procedural)"><span id="Philosophy_of_Physics_.28procedural.29"></span>Philosophy of Physics (procedural)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Philosophy of Physics (procedural)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novum_Organum" title="Novum Organum">Novum Organum</a> (1620) <i>passim</i> by <a href="/wiki/Author:Francis_Bacon" title="Author:Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogues_Concerning_Two_New_Sciences" title="Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences">Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences</a> (1638) <i>passim</i> by <a href="/wiki/Author:Galileo_Galilei" title="Author:Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Author:Henry_Crew" title="Author:Henry Crew">Henry Crew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author:Alfonso_De_Salvio" title="Author:Alfonso De Salvio">Alfonso De Salvio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)" title="The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1846)">The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy</a> (1726) <i>passim</i> by <a href="/wiki/Author:Isaac_Newton" title="Author:Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolegomena_to_Any_Future_Metaphysics/Second_Part" title="Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics/Second Part">Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics/Second Part</a> (1783) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Immanuel_Kant" title="Author:Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Author:Paul_Carus" title="Author:Paul Carus">Paul Carus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Hypothesis" title="Science and Hypothesis">Science and Hypothesis</a> (1902) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Author:Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Author:William_John_Greenstreet" title="Author:William John Greenstreet">William John Greenstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Lectures_on_Theoretical_Physics" title="Eight Lectures on Theoretical Physics">Eight Lectures on Theoretical Physics</a> (1915) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Max_Planck" title="Author:Max Planck">Max Planck</a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Author:Albert_P._Wills" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:Albert P. Wills">Albert P. Wills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Knowledge_of_the_External_World_as_a_Field_for_Scientific_Method_in_Philosophy" title="Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy">Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy</a> (1914) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Bertrand_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativity:_The_Special_and_General_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Relativity: The Special and General Theory">Relativity: The Special and General Theory</a> (1916) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Albert_Einstein" title="Author:Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Meaning_of_Relativity" title="The Meaning of Relativity">The Meaning of Relativity</a> (1922) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Albert_Einstein" title="Author:Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weights_and_measures">Weights and measures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Weights and measures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Quantity" title="An Essay on Quantity">An Essay on Quantity</a> by <a href="/wiki/Author:Thomas_Reid_(1710-1796)" title="Author:Thomas Reid (1710-1796)">Thomas Reid</a>, 1748.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Dyne" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Dyne">Dyne</a> as it appears in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Metric_System,_The" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Metric System, The">The Metric System</a> as it appears in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Dynamometer" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Dynamometer">Dynamometer</a> as it appears in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Lactometer" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Lactometer">Lactometer</a> as it appears in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Metronome" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Metronome">Metronome</a> as it appears in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descriptive_and_experimental_mechanics">Descriptive and experimental mechanics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Descriptive and experimental mechanics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_10/April_1877/The_Ball-Paradox" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 10/April 1877/The Ball-Paradox">The Ball-Paradox</a> as it appeared in the April 1877 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_10/December_1876/The_Constancy_of_Motion" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 10/December 1876/The Constancy of Motion">The Constancy of Motion</a> as it appeared in the December 1876 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_11/July_1877/Heat_and_Motion,_and_Political_Economy" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 11/July 1877/Heat and Motion, and Political Economy">Heat and Motion, and Political Economy</a> as it appeared in the July 1877 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revue_des_Questions_Scientifiques/Vol._54" title="Revue des Questions Scientifiques/Vol. 54">The Origins of Statics</a> by <a href="/wiki/Author:Pierre_Duhem" title="Author:Pierre Duhem">Pierre Duhem</a> as it appeared in the October 1903 <a href="/wiki/Revue_des_Questions_Scientifiques" title="Revue des Questions Scientifiques">Revue des Questions Scientifiques</a> translated by <a href="/wiki/User:ResidentScholar" title="User:ResidentScholar">ResidentScholar</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Governors" title="On Governors">On Governors</a></i> (1868) by <a href="/wiki/Author:James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="Author:James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atomic_physics">Atomic physics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Atomic physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_3/September_1873/The_Constitution_of_Matter" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 3/September 1873/The Constitution of Matter">The Constitution of Matter</a> as it appeared in the September 1873 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_4/January_1874/The_Theory_of_Molecules" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 4/January 1874/The Theory of Molecules">The Theory of Molecules</a> as it appeared in the January 1874 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><span class="ws-authlink">"<a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Atom" title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Atom">Atom</a>," by <a href="/wiki/Author:James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="Author:James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition</a></i> (v. 3) (1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_8/February_1876/Are_the_Elements_Elementary%3F" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 8/February 1876/Are the Elements Elementary?">Are the Elements Elementary?</a> as it appeared in the February 1876 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_11/October_1877/Molecular_Magnitudes" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 11/October 1877/Molecular Magnitudes">Molecular Magnitudes</a> as it appeared in the October 1877 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_14/January_1879/Molecular_Dynamics" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 14/January 1879/Molecular Dynamics">Molecular Dynamics</a> as it appeared in the January 1879 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_15/August_1879/The_Molecular_Theory" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 15/August 1879/The Molecular Theory">The Molecular Theory</a> as it appeared in the August 1879 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_19/September_1881/What_Is_a_Molecule%3F" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 19/September 1881/What Is a Molecule?">What Is a Molecule?</a> as it appeared in the September 1881 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_22/April_1883/Speculations_on_the_Nature_of_Matter" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 22/April 1883/Speculations on the Nature of Matter">Speculations on the Nature of Matter</a> as it appeared in the April 1883 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Relations_of_Physics_of_Electrons_to_Other_Branches_of_Science" title="The Relations of Physics of Electrons to Other Branches of Science">The Relations of Physics of Electrons to Other Branches of Science</a> (1904) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Paul_Langevin" title="Author:Paul Langevin">Paul Langevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Matter" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Matter">Matter</a> (1911) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Author:Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relativity">Relativity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Relativity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Relativity" title="Portal:Relativity">Portal:Relativity</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quantum_theory">Quantum theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Quantum theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Translation:On_a_Heuristic_Point_of_View_about_the_Creation_and_Conversion_of_Light" title="Translation:On a Heuristic Point of View about the Creation and Conversion of Light">On a Heuristic Point of View about the Creation and Conversion of Light</a> (1905) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Albert_Einstein" title="Author:Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_noise_at_the_nonlinear_mapping_of_phase_space_(Kouznetsov)" title="Quantum noise at the nonlinear mapping of phase space (Kouznetsov)">Quantum noise at the nonlinear mapping of phase space</a> (1997) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Dmitrii_Kouznetsov" title="Author:Dmitrii Kouznetsov">Dmitrii Kouznetsov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author:Daniel_Rohrlich" title="Author:Daniel Rohrlich">Daniel Rohrlich</a> as it appeared in Оптика и Спектроскопия (Optics and Spectroscopy)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gravitation">Gravitation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gravitation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1729)" title="The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1729)">The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy</a> (1729) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Isaac_Newton" title="Author:Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)" title="The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1846)">The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy</a> (1846) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Isaac_Newton" title="Author:Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation:The_Field_Equations_of_Gravitation" title="Translation:The Field Equations of Gravitation">The Field Equations of Gravitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time,_Space,_and_Gravitation" title="Time, Space, and Gravitation">Time, Space, and Gravitation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kinetic_Theories_of_Gravitation">Kinetic Theories of Gravitation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Kinetic Theories of Gravitation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Le_Sage_Theory_of_Gravitation" title="The Le Sage Theory of Gravitation">The Le Sage Theory of Gravitation</a> (1782/1898) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Georges-Louis_Le_Sage" title="Author:Georges-Louis Le Sage">Georges-Louis Le Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notice_de_la_Vie_et_des_Ecrits_de_George_Louis_Le_Sage_(English)" title="Notice de la Vie et des Ecrits de George Louis Le Sage (English)">Notice de la Vie et des Ecrits de George Louis Le Sage (English)</a> (1807) by <a href="/wiki/Author:John_Playfair" title="Author:John Playfair">John Playfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Atomic_Theory_of_Lucretius" title="The Atomic Theory of Lucretius">The Atomic Theory of Lucretius</a> (1868) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Fleeming_Jenkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:Fleeming Jenkin">Fleeming Jenkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Ultramundane_Corpuscles_of_Le_Sage" title="On the Ultramundane Corpuscles of Le Sage">On the Ultramundane Corpuscles of Le Sage</a> (1872) by <a href="/wiki/Author:William_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin">William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mathematical_and_Philosophical_State_of_the_Physical_Sciences" title="The Mathematical and Philosophical State of the Physical Sciences">The Mathematical and Philosophical State of the Physical Sciences</a> (1874) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Joseph_Lovering" title="Author:Joseph Lovering">Joseph Lovering</a></li> <li><span class="ws-authlink">"<a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Atom" title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Atom">Atom</a>," by <a href="/wiki/Author:James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="Author:James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition</a></i> (v. 3) (1878)</span></li> <li><span class="ws-authlink">"<a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Attraction" title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Attraction">Attraction</a>," by <a href="/wiki/Author:James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="Author:James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition</a></i> (v. 3) (1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_Theories_of_Gravitation" title="Kinetic Theories of Gravitation">Kinetic Theories of Gravitation</a> (1876) by <a href="/wiki/Author:William_Bower_Taylor" title="Author:William Bower Taylor">William Bower Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_some_Dynamical_Conditions" title="On some Dynamical Conditions">On some Dynamical Conditions applicable to Le Sage's Theory of Gravitation</a> (1877/1878) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Samuel_Tolver_Preston" title="Author:Samuel Tolver Preston">Samuel Tolver Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Sage%27s_Theory_of_Gravitation" title="Le Sage's Theory of Gravitation">Le Sage's Theory of Gravitation</a> (1878) by <a href="/wiki/Author:James_Croll" title="Author:James Croll">James Croll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Action_of_Vortex_Atoms_and_Ultramundane_Corpuscles" title="Mutual Action of Vortex Atoms and Ultramundane Corpuscles">Mutual Action of Vortex Atoms and Ultramundane Corpuscles</a> (1879) by <a href="/wiki/Author:George_Forbes" title="Author:George Forbes">George Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Suggestion_in_regard_to_Crystallization" title="A Suggestion in regard to Crystallization">A Suggestion in regard to Crystallization, on the Hypothesis that Molecules are not infinitely Hard</a> (1880) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Samuel_Tolver_Preston" title="Author:Samuel Tolver Preston">Samuel Tolver Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Action_at_a_Distance_(Browne)" title="On Action at a Distance (Browne)">On Action at a Distance (Browne)</a> (1881) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Walter_Raleigh_Browne" title="Author:Walter Raleigh Browne">Walter Raleigh Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Action_at_a_Distance_(Preston)" title="On Action at a Distance (Preston)">On Action at a Distance (Preston)</a> (1881) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Samuel_Tolver_Preston" title="Author:Samuel Tolver Preston">Samuel Tolver Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Importance_of_Experiments" title="On the Importance of Experiments">On the Importance of Experiments in relation to the Mechanical Theory of Gravitation</a> (1881) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Samuel_Tolver_Preston" title="Author:Samuel Tolver Preston">Samuel Tolver Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_Theories_of_Gravitation" title="Physical Theories of Gravitation">Physical Theories of Gravitation</a> (1895) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Thomas_Proctor_Hall" title="Author:Thomas Proctor Hall">Thomas Proctor Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_Review_of_some_Dynamical_Theories_of_Gravitation" title="Comparative Review of some Dynamical Theories of Gravitation">Comparative Review of some Dynamical Theories of Gravitation</a> (1895) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Samuel_Tolver_Preston" title="Author:Samuel Tolver Preston">Samuel Tolver Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Considerations_on_Gravitation" title="Considerations on Gravitation">Considerations on Gravitation</a> (1900) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Hendrik_Lorentz" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Corpuscular_Theories_of_Gravitation" title="The Corpuscular Theories of Gravitation">The Corpuscular Theories of Gravitation</a> (1903) by J. W. Peck</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Mechanics#The_Theory_of_Lesage" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Mechanics">The Theory of Lesage</a> (1908) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Author:Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Matter" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Matter">Matter</a> (1911) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Author:Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earlier_Theories_of_Gravity" title="Earlier Theories of Gravity">Earlier Theories of Gravity</a> (1913) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Hereward_Carrington" title="Author:Hereward Carrington">Hereward Carrington</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sound_and_acoustics">Sound and acoustics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sound and acoustics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_17/October_1880/On_the_Production_of_Sound_by_Light" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 17/October 1880/On the Production of Sound by Light">On the Production of Sound by Light</a> as it appeared in the October 1880 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_19/July_1881/Production_of_Sound_by_Radiant_Energy_II" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 19/July 1881/Production of Sound by Radiant Energy II">Production of Sound by Radiant Energy II</a> as it appeared in the June 1881 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_19/June_1881/Production_of_Sound_by_Radiant_Energy_I" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 19/June 1881/Production of Sound by Radiant Energy I">Production of Sound by Radiant Energy I</a> as it appeared in the June 1881 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Acoustics" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Acoustics">Acoustics</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Echo" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Echo">Echo</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heat_and_thermodynamics">Heat and thermodynamics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Heat and thermodynamics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Scientific_Memoirs/1/Memoir_on_the_Motive_Power_of_Heat" title="Scientific Memoirs/1/Memoir on the Motive Power of Heat">Memoir on the Motive Power of Heat</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Author:Beno%C3%AEt_Paul_%C3%89mile_Clapeyron" title="Author:Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron">Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron</a> as it appeared in volume 1 of <a href="/wiki/Author:Richard_Taylor_(1781-1858)" title="Author:Richard Taylor (1781-1858)">Taylor's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Memoirs" title="Scientific Memoirs">Scientific Memoirs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_1/June_1872/Action_of_Dark_Radiations" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 1/June 1872/Action of Dark Radiations">Action of Dark Radiations</a> by <a href="/wiki/Author:John_Tyndall" title="Author:John Tyndall">John Tyndall</a> as it appeared in the June 1872 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_12/December_1877/History_of_the_Dynamical_Theory_of_Heat_I" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 12/December 1877/History of the Dynamical Theory of Heat I">History of the Dynamical Theory of Heat I</a> as it appeared in the December 1877 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_12/January_1878/History_of_the_Dynamical_Theory_of_Heat_II" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 12/January 1878/History of the Dynamical Theory of Heat II">History of the Dynamical Theory of Heat II</a> as it appeared in the January 1878 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_17/October_1880/Possible_Efficiency_of_Heat-Engines" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 17/October 1880/Possible Efficiency of Heat-Engines">Possible Efficiency of Heat-Engines</a> as it appeared in the October 1880 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_18/January_1881/Examination_of_Thermometers_at_the_Yale_Observatory" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 18/January 1881/Examination of Thermometers at the Yale Observatory">Examination of Thermometers at the Yale Observatory</a> as it appeared in the August 1881 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_19/May_1881/Action_of_Radiant_Heat_on_Gaseous_Matter" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 19/May 1881/Action of Radiant Heat on Gaseous Matter">Action of Radiant Heat on Gaseous Matter</a> as it appeared in the May 1881 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Specific_Heat" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Specific Heat">Specific Heat</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Papers_of_Josiah_Willard_Gibbs,_Volume_1" title="Scientific Papers of Josiah Willard Gibbs, Volume 1">The Scientific Papers of Josiah Willard Gibbs, Volume I (Thermodynamics)</a> (1906) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" title="Author:Josiah Willard Gibbs">Josiah Willard Gibbs</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Light_and_optics">Light and optics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Light and optics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opticks_(2nd_Ed)" title="Opticks (2nd Ed)">Opticks (2nd Ed)</a> (1704) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Isaac_Newton" title="Author:Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opticks_(4th_Ed)" title="Opticks (4th Ed)">Opticks (4th Ed)</a> (1730) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Isaac_Newton" title="Author:Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation:Accord_between_different_laws_of_Nature_that_seemed_incompatible" title="Translation:Accord between different laws of Nature that seemed incompatible">Accord between different laws of Nature that seemed incompatible</a> (1744) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Pierre_Louis_Moreau_de_Maupertuis" title="Author:Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis">Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis</a>, translated by Wikisource</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_1/October_1872/Visual_Images_in_Darkness" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 1/October 1872/Visual Images in Darkness">Visual Images in Darkness</a> as it appeared in the October 1872 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_4/February_1874/Modern_Optics_and_Painting_I" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 4/February 1874/Modern Optics and Painting I">Modern Optics and Painting I</a> as it appeared in the February 1874 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_4/March_1874/Modern_Optics_and_Painting_II" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 4/March 1874/Modern Optics and Painting II">Modern Optics and Painting II</a> as it appeared in the March 1874 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_4/April_1874/Images_and_Shadows" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 4/April 1874/Images and Shadows">Images and Shadows</a> as it appeared in the April 1874 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_5/May_1874/The_Crooked_Courses_of_Light" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 5/May 1874/The Crooked Courses of Light">The Crooked Courses of Light</a> as it appeared in the May 1874 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_5/July_1874/Hints_on_the_Stereoscope" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 5/July 1874/Hints on the Stereoscope">Hints on the Stereoscope</a> as it appeared in the July 1874 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_6/April_1875/On_the_Correctness_of_Photographs" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 6/April 1875/On the Correctness of Photographs">On the Correctness of Photographs</a> as it appeared in the April 1875 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_7/June_1875/The_Microscope_and_its_Misinterpretations" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 7/June 1875/The Microscope and its Misinterpretations">The Microscope and its Misinterpretations</a> as it appeared in the June 1875 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_7/October_1875/The_Cause_of_the_Light_of_Flames" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 7/October 1875/The Cause of the Light of Flames">The Cause of the Light of Flames</a> as it appeared in the October 1875 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_7/October_1875/The_Mechanical_Action_of_Light" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 7/October 1875/The Mechanical Action of Light">The Mechanical Action of Light</a> as it appeared in the October 1875 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_8/February_1876/The_Nature_of_Fluorescence" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 8/February 1876/The Nature of Fluorescence">The Nature of Fluorescence</a> as it appeared in the February 1876 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_9/July_1876/The_Mechanical_Action_of_Light" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 9/July 1876/The Mechanical Action of Light">The Mechanical Action of Light</a> as it appeared in the July 1876 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_9/October_1876/The_Constants_of_Color" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 9/October 1876/The Constants of Color">The Constants of Color</a> as it appeared in the October 1876 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_11/October_1877/Simple_Experiments_in_Optics" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 11/October 1877/Simple Experiments in Optics">Simple Experiments in Optics</a> as it appeared in the October 1877 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_14/November_1878/The_Contrast_of_Colors" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 14/November 1878/The Contrast of Colors">The Contrast of Colors</a> as it appeared in the November 1878 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_16/January_1880/The_Most_Powerful_Telescope_in_Existence" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 16/January 1880/The Most Powerful Telescope in Existence">The Most Powerful Telescope in Existence</a> as it appeared in the January 1880 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_17/June_1880/Goethe%27s_Farbenlehre:_Theory_of_Colors_I" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 17/June 1880/Goethe's Farbenlehre: Theory of Colors I">Goethe's Farbenlehre: Theory of Colors I</a> as it appeared in the June 1880 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_17/July_1880/Goethe%27s_Farbenlehre:_Theory_of_Colors_II" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 17/July 1880/Goethe's Farbenlehre: Theory of Colors II">Goethe's Farbenlehre: Theory of Colors II</a> as it appeared in the July 1880 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_18/February_1881/Optical_Illusions_of_Motion" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 18/February 1881/Optical Illusions of Motion">Optical Illusions of Motion</a> as it appeared in the February 1881 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_21/May_1882/The_Stereoscope:_Its_History_I" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 21/May 1882/The Stereoscope: Its History I">The Stereoscope: Its History I</a> as it appeared in the May 1882 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_21/June_1882/The_Stereoscope:_Its_Theory_II" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 21/June 1882/The Stereoscope: Its Theory II">The Stereoscope: Its Theory II</a> as it appeared in the June 1882 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_23/May_1883/Lengthening_the_Visible_Spectrum" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 23/May 1883/Lengthening the Visible Spectrum">Lengthening the Visible Spectrum</a> as it appeared in the May 1883 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_23/October_1883/The_Colors_of_Flowers" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 23/October 1883/The Colors of Flowers">The Colors of Flowers</a> as it appeared in the October 1883 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Experimental_Determination_of_the_Velocity_of_Light&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light (page does not exist)">Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light</a> (1878) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Author:Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_Phenomena_in_a_new_form_of_Refractometer" title="Interference Phenomena in a new form of Refractometer">Interference Phenomena in a new form of Refractometer</a> (1882) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Author:Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_24/March_1884/On_Rainbows" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 24/March 1884/On Rainbows">On Rainbows</a> as it appeared in the March 1884 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_Motion_of_the_Medium_on_the_Velocity_of_Light" title="Influence of Motion of the Medium on the Velocity of Light">Influence of Motion of the Medium on the Velocity of Light</a> (1886) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Author:Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author:Edward_Morley" title="Author:Edward Morley">Edward W. Morley</a></li> <li><i>Elementary Color</i> by <a href="/wiki/Author:Milton_Bradley" title="Author:Milton Bradley">Milton Bradley</a> (1895) <span class="scanlink" style="font-size: 83%;">(<a href="/wiki/Index:Elementary_Color_(IA_gri_c00033125012656167).djvu" title="Index:Elementary Color (IA gri c00033125012656167).djvu">transcription project</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_a_method_for_making_the_wave_length_of_sodium_light_the_actual_and_practical_standard_of_length" title="On a method for making the wave length of sodium light the actual and practical standard of length">On a method for making the wave length of sodium light the actual and practical standard of length</a> (1888) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Author:Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author:Edward_Morley" title="Author:Edward Morley">Edward W. Morley</a></li> <li><i>Color Problems</i> by <a href="/wiki/Author:Emily_Noyes_Vanderpoel" title="Author:Emily Noyes Vanderpoel">Emily Noyes Vanderpoel</a> (1901) <span class="scanlink" style="font-size: 83%;">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Index:Color_problems;_a_practical_manual_for_the_lay_student_of_color_(IA_colorproblemspra00vand_0).pdf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Index:Color problems; a practical manual for the lay student of color (IA colorproblemspra00vand 0).pdf (page does not exist)">start transcription</a>)</span></li> <li><i>Color Standards and Color Nomenclature</i> by <a href="/wiki/Author:Robert_Ridgway" title="Author:Robert Ridgway">Robert Ridgway</a> (1912) <span class="scanlink" style="font-size: 83%;">(<a href="/wiki/Index:Color_standards_and_color_nomenclature_(Ridgway,_1912).djvu" title="Index:Color standards and color nomenclature (Ridgway, 1912).djvu">transcription project</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_Reflection_from_a_Moving_Mirror_on_the_Velocity_of_Light" title="Effect of Reflection from a Moving Mirror on the Velocity of Light">Effect of Reflection from a Moving Mirror on the Velocity of Light</a> (1913) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Author:Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_proof_of_the_constancy_of_the_velocity_of_light" title="A proof of the constancy of the velocity of light">A proof of the constancy of the velocity of light</a> (1913) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Willem_de_Sitter" title="Author:Willem de Sitter">Willem de Sitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_constancy_of_the_velocity_of_light" title="On the constancy of the velocity of light">On the constancy of the velocity of light</a> (1913) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Willem_de_Sitter" title="Author:Willem de Sitter">Willem de Sitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Second_Postulate_of_the_Theory_of_Relativity" title="On the Second Postulate of the Theory of Relativity">Experimental Demonstration of the Constancy of Velocity of the Light reflected from a Moving Mirror </a> (1918) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Quirino_Majorana" title="Author:Quirino Majorana">Quirino Majorana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_Demonstration_of_the_Constancy_of_Velocity_of_the_Light_emitted_by_a_Moving_Source" title="Experimental Demonstration of the Constancy of Velocity of the Light emitted by a Moving Source">Experimental Demonstration of the Constancy of Velocity of the Light emitted by a Moving Source</a> (1919) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Quirino_Majorana" title="Author:Quirino Majorana">Quirino Majorana</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Optical_Society_of_America/Volume_30/Issue_12/History_of_the_Munsell_Color_System" title="Journal of the Optical Society of America/Volume 30/Issue 12/History of the Munsell Color System">History of the Munsell Color System and Its Scientific Applications</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Author:Dorothy_Nickerson" title="Author:Dorothy Nickerson">Dorothy Nickerson</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Optical_Society_of_America/Volume_30" title="Journal of the Optical Society of America/Volume 30">Journal of the Optical Society of America</a></i> (1 December 1940)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Optical_Society_of_America/Volume_30/Issue_12/Analysis_of_the_Munsell_Color_System" title="Journal of the Optical Society of America/Volume 30/Issue 12/Analysis of the Munsell Color System">An Analysis of the Munsell Color System Based on Measurements Made in 1919 and 1926</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Author:Kasson_Stanford_Gibson" title="Author:Kasson Stanford Gibson">Kasson S. Gibson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author:Dorothy_Nickerson" title="Author:Dorothy Nickerson">Dorothy Nickerson</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Optical_Society_of_America/Volume_30" title="Journal of the Optical Society of America/Volume 30">Journal of the Optical Society of America</a></i> (1 December 1940)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Optical_Society_of_America/Volume_30/Issue_12/Trichromatic_Analysis" title="Journal of the Optical Society of America/Volume 30/Issue 12/Trichromatic Analysis">Trichromatic Analysis of the Munsell Book of Color</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Author:James_J._Glenn" title="Author:James J. Glenn">James J. Glenn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author:James_T._Killian" title="Author:James T. Killian">James T. Killian</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Optical_Society_of_America/Volume_30" title="Journal of the Optical Society of America/Volume 30">Journal of the Optical Society of America</a></i> (1 December 1940)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Optical_Society_of_America/Volume_30/Issue_12/Analysis_of_the_Original" title="Journal of the Optical Society of America/Volume 30/Issue 12/Analysis of the Original">Analysis of the Original Munsell Color System</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Author:John_Edward_Tyler" title="Author:John Edward Tyler">John E. Tyler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author:Arthur_Cobb_Hardy" title="Author:Arthur Cobb Hardy">Arthur C. Hardy</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Optical_Society_of_America/Volume_30" title="Journal of the Optical Society of America/Volume 30">Journal of the Optical Society of America</a></i> (1 December 1940)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Optical_Society_of_America/Volume_30/Issue_12/Spacing_of_the_Munsell_Colors" title="Journal of the Optical Society of America/Volume 30/Issue 12/Spacing of the Munsell Colors">Preliminary Report of the O. S. A. Subcommittee on the Spacing of the Munsell Colors</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Author:Sidney_Merritt_Newhall" title="Author:Sidney Merritt Newhall">Sidney M. Newhall</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Optical_Society_of_America/Volume_30" title="Journal of the Optical Society of America/Volume 30">Journal of the Optical Society of America</a></i> (1 December 1940)</li> <li>"Final Report of the OSA Subcommittee on the Spacing of the Munsell Colors*" by <a href="/wiki/Author:Sidney_Merritt_Newhall" title="Author:Sidney Merritt Newhall">Sidney M. Newhall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Author:Dorothy_Nickerson" title="Author:Dorothy Nickerson">Dorothy Nickerson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author:Deane_Brewster_Judd" title="Author:Deane Brewster Judd">Deane B. Judd</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Optical_Society_of_America" title="Journal of the Optical Society of America">Journal of the Optical Society of America</a></i> (1 July 1943)</li> <li><i>The ISCC-NBS Method of Designating Colors and a Dictionary of Color Names</i> by <a href="/wiki/Portal:Inter-Society_Color_Council" title="Portal:Inter-Society Color Council">Inter-Society Color Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Author:Deane_Brewster_Judd" title="Author:Deane Brewster Judd">Deane B. Judd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author:Kenneth_Low_Kelly" title="Author:Kenneth Low Kelly">Kenneth Low Kelly</a> (1 November 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Solar_Microscope" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Solar Microscope">Solar Microscope</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Spectacles" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Spectacles">Spectacles</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Spectrum" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Spectrum">Spectrum</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Spectrum_Analysis" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Spectrum Analysis">Spectrum Analysis</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Telescope" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Telescope">Telescope</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aether">Aether</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Aether"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Ninth_Edition/Ether" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition/Ether">Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition/Ether</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Relative_Motion_of_the_Earth_and_the_Luminiferous_Ether" title="The Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether">The Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether‎</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Relative_Motion_of_the_Earth_and_the_Luminiferous_Ether" title="On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether">On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ether_and_the_Earth%27s_Atmosphere" title="The Ether and the Earth's Atmosphere">The Ether and the Earth's Atmosphere</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation:The_Relative_Motion_of_the_Earth_and_the_Aether" title="Translation:The Relative Motion of the Earth and the Aether">Translation:The Relative Motion of the Earth and the Aether</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamical_Theory_of_the_Electric_and_Luminiferous_Medium_III" title="Dynamical Theory of the Electric and Luminiferous Medium III">Dynamical Theory of the Electric and Luminiferous Medium III</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_relative_Motion_of_the_Earth_and_the_Ether" title="The relative Motion of the Earth and the Ether">The relative Motion of the Earth and the Ether</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aether_and_Matter/Chapter_10" title="Aether and Matter/Chapter 10">Aether and Matter</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Does_Motion_through_the_Aether_cause_Double_Refraction%3F" title="Does Motion through the Aether cause Double Refraction?">Does Motion through the Aether cause Double Refraction?</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forces_Acting_on_a_Charged_Condenser_moving_through_Space" title="The Forces Acting on a Charged Condenser moving through Space">The Forces Acting on a Charged Condenser moving through Space</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relative_Motion_of_Earth_and_Aether" title="Relative Motion of Earth and Aether">Relative Motion of Earth and Aether</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absence_of_Effects_of_Motion_through_the_Aether" title="Absence of Effects of Motion through the Aether">Absence of Effects of Motion through the Aether</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_to_Lord_Kelvin" title="Letter to Lord Kelvin">Letter to Lord Kelvin</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ether_and_moving_Matter" title="The Ether and moving Matter">The Ether and moving Matter</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Double_Refraction_in_Matter_moving_through_the_Aether" title="On Double Refraction in Matter moving through the Aether">On Double Refraction in Matter moving through the Aether</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_Results_of_Second_and_Third_Order_Tests_of_the_Aether_Drift" title="Negative Results of Second and Third Order Tests of the Aether Drift">Negative Results of Second and Third Order Tests of the Aether Drift</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Theory_of_Experiments_to_detect_Aberrations_of_the_Second_Degree" title="On the Theory of Experiments to detect Aberrations of the Second Degree">On the Theory of Experiments to detect Aberrations of the Second Degree</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detect_the_Fitzgerald-Lorentz_Effect" title="Detect the Fitzgerald-Lorentz Effect">Report of an experiment to detect the Fitzgerald-Lorentz Effect</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Report_on_Ether-drift_Experiments" title="Final Report on Ether-drift Experiments">Final Report on Ether-drift Experiments</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Structure_of_the_%C3%86ther" title="The Structure of the Æther">The Structure of the Æther</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation:On_the_Proof_of_the_Reality_of_the_Luminiferous_Aether" title="Translation:On the Proof of the Reality of the Luminiferous Aether">Translation:On the Proof of the Reality of the Luminiferous Aether</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ether_and_the_Theory_of_Relativity" title="Ether and the Theory of Relativity">Ether and the Theory of Relativity</a> (1920)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Translation:The_Demonstration_of_the_Luminiferous_Aether" title="Translation:The Demonstration of the Luminiferous Aether">Translation:The Demonstration of the Luminiferous Aether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Ether" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Ether">Ether</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spectroscopy">Spectroscopy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Spectroscopy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_2/January_1873/Evolution_and_the_Spectroscope" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 2/January 1873/Evolution and the Spectroscope">Evolution and the Spectroscope</a> as it appeared in the January 1873 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_15/October_1879/A_Home-Made_Spectroscope" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 15/October 1879/A Home-Made Spectroscope">A Home-Made Spectroscope</a> as it appeared in the October 1879 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_19/August_1881/The_Teachings_of_Modern_Spectroscopy" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 19/August 1881/The Teachings of Modern Spectroscopy">The Teachings of Modern Spectroscopy</a> as it appeared in the August 1881 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Spectroscopy" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Spectroscopy">Spectroscopy</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radiation_physics">Radiation physics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Radiation physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_16/November_1879/On_Radiant_Matter_I" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 16/November 1879/On Radiant Matter I">On Radiant Matter I</a> as it appeared in the November 1879 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_16/December_1879/On_Radiant_Matter_II" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 16/December 1879/On Radiant Matter II">On Radiant Matter II</a> as it appeared in the December 1879 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_23/August_1883/On_Radiation" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 23/August 1883/On Radiation">On Radiation</a> as it appeared in the August 1883 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electricity">Electricity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Electricity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_2/March_1873/Electricity_and_Life" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 2/March 1873/Electricity and Life">Electricity and Life</a> as it appeared in the March 1873 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_9/June_1876/Lessons_in_Electricity_III" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 9/June 1876/Lessons in Electricity III">Lessons in Electricity III</a> as it appeared in the June 1876 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_9/July_1876/Lessons_in_Electricity_IV" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 9/July 1876/Lessons in Electricity IV">Lessons in Electricity IV</a> as it appeared in the July 1876 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_14/March_1879/The_Electric_Light" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 14/March 1879/The Electric Light">The Electric Light</a> as it appeared in the March 1879 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_19/June_1881/The_Modern_Development_of_Faraday%27s_Conception_of_Electricity" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 19/June 1881/The Modern Development of Faraday's Conception of Electricity">The Modern Development of Faraday's Conception of Electricity</a> as it appeared in the June 1881 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_19/August_1881/The_Electric_Storage_of_Energy" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 19/August 1881/The Electric Storage of Energy">The Electric Storage of Energy</a> as it appeared in the August 1881 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rays_of_Positive_Electricity_and_Their_Application_to_Chemical_Analyses" title="Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses">Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses</a> (1913) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Author:Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Amp%C3%A8re" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Ampère">Ampère</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Commutator" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Commutator">Commutator</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Dynamo-Electric_Machine" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Dynamo-Electric Machine">Dynamo-Electric Machine</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electromagnetic_theory">Electromagnetic theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Electromagnetic theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On_Physical_Lines_of_Force" title="On Physical Lines of Force">On Physical Lines of Force</a> (1861) by <a href="/wiki/Author:James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="Author:James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Dynamical_Theory_of_the_Electromagnetic_Field" title="A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field">A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field</a> (1865) by <a href="/wiki/Author:James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="Author:James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_3/September_1873/Magneto-Electric_Illumination" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 3/September 1873/Magneto-Electric Illumination">Magneto-Electric Illumination</a> as it appeared in the September 1873 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Treatise_on_Electricity_and_Magnetism" title="A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism">A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism</a> (1873) by <a href="/wiki/Author:James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="Author:James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Electric_and_Magnetic_Effects_produced_by_the_Motion_of_Electrified_Bodies" title="On the Electric and Magnetic Effects produced by the Motion of Electrified Bodies">On the Electric and Magnetic Effects produced by the Motion of Electrified Bodies</a> (1881) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Author:Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_effects_of_a_moving_charge" title="Electromagnetic effects of a moving charge">Electromagnetic waves, the propagation of potential, and the electromagnetic effects of a moving charge</a> (1888) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Oliver_Heaviside" title="Author:Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_of_Electrification_through_a_Dielectric" title="Motion of Electrification through a Dielectric">On the Electromagnetic Effects due to the Motion of Electrification through a Dielectric</a> (1889) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Oliver_Heaviside" title="Author:Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation:Attempt_of_a_Theory_of_Electrical_and_Optical_Phenomena_in_Moving_Bodies" title="Translation:Attempt of a Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Bodies">Translation:Attempt of a Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Bodies</a> (1895) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Hendrik_Lorentz" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_the_Electro-magnetic_Theory_of_Moving_Charges" title="Notes on the Electro-magnetic Theory of Moving Charges">Notes on the Electro-magnetic Theory of Moving Charges</a> (1896) by <a href="/wiki/Author:William_Blair_Morton" title="Author:William Blair Morton">William Blair Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Steady_Motion_of_an_Electrified_Ellipsoid" title="On the Steady Motion of an Electrified Ellipsoid">On the Steady Motion of an Electrified Ellipsoid</a> (1897) by <a href="/wiki/Author:George_Frederick_Charles_Searle" title="Author:George Frederick Charles Searle">George Frederick Charles Searle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamical_Theory_of_the_Electric_and_Luminiferous_Medium_III" title="Dynamical Theory of the Electric and Luminiferous Medium III">On a Dynamical Theory of the Electric and Luminiferous Medium, Part 3, Relations with material media</a> (1897) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Joseph_Larmor" title="Author:Joseph Larmor">Joseph Larmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Theory_of_Electrical_and_Optical_Phenomena_in_Moving_Systems" title="Simplified Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Systems">Simplified Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Systems</a> (1899) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Hendrik_Lorentz" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aether_and_Matter/Chapter_10" title="Aether and Matter/Chapter 10">Aether and Matter</a> (1900) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Joseph_Larmor" title="Author:Joseph Larmor">Joseph Larmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_phenomena" title="Electromagnetic phenomena">Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity smaller than that of light</a> (1904) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Hendrik_Lorentz" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_waves">Radio waves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Radio waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electric_discharge">Electric discharge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Electric discharge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions/Volume_54/An_Account_of_the_Effects_of_Lightening_at_South_Weald,_in_Essex" title="Philosophical Transactions/Volume 54/An Account of the Effects of Lightening at South Weald, in Essex">An Account of the Effects of Lightening at South Weald, in Essex</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Author:William_Heberden_(1710-1801)" title="Author:William Heberden (1710-1801)">William Heberden</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_(1665-1886)" title="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1665-1886)">Philosophical Transactions</a></i>, volume <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions/Volume_54" title="Philosophical Transactions/Volume 54">54</a> (1764)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions/Volume_54/Observations_upon_the_Effects_of_Lightning,_with_an_Account_of_the_Apparatus_proposed_to_prevent_its_Mischiefs_to_Buildings,_more_particularly_to_Powder_Magazines" title="Philosophical Transactions/Volume 54/Observations upon the Effects of Lightning, with an Account of the Apparatus proposed to prevent its Mischiefs to Buildings, more particularly to Powder Magazines">Observations upon the Effects of Lightning, with an Account of the Apparatus proposed to prevent its Mischiefs to Buildings, more particularly to Powder Magazines</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Author:William_Watson_(1744-1824)" title="Author:William Watson (1744-1824)">William Watson</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_(1665-1886)" title="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1665-1886)">Philosophical Transactions</a></i>, volume <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions/Volume_54" title="Philosophical Transactions/Volume 54">54</a> (1764)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions/Volume_54/An_Account_of_the_Effects_of_Lightning_in_St._Bride%27s_Church,_Fleet-street,_on_the_18th_of_June_1764" title="Philosophical Transactions/Volume 54/An Account of the Effects of Lightning in St. Bride's Church, Fleet-street, on the 18th of June 1764">An Account of the Effects of Lightning in St. Bride's Church, Fleet-street, on the 18th of June 1764</a> by <a href="/wiki/Author:Edward_Hussey_Delaval" title="Author:Edward Hussey Delaval">Edward Delaval</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_(1665-1886)" title="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1665-1886)">Philosophical Transactions</a></i>, volume <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions/Volume_54" title="Philosophical Transactions/Volume 54">54</a> (1764).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions/Volume_54/A_Letter_from_Thomas_Lawrence,_M._D._to_William_Heberden,_M._D._and_F._R._S._concerning_the_Effects_of_Lightning,_in_Essex-street,_on_the_18th_of_June,_1764" title="Philosophical Transactions/Volume 54/A Letter from Thomas Lawrence, M. D. to William Heberden, M. D. and F. R. S. concerning the Effects of Lightning, in Essex-street, on the 18th of June, 1764">A Letter from Thomas Lawrence, M. D. to William Heberden, M. D. and F. R. S. concerning the Effects of Lightning, in Essex-street, on the 18th of June, 1764</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_(1665-1886)" title="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1665-1886)">Philosophical Transactions</a></i>, volume <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions/Volume_54" title="Philosophical Transactions/Volume 54">54</a> (1764)</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11147968">.mw-parser-output .wst-artlink-periodical{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .wst-artlink-volnum{font-weight:bold}</style><span class="wst-artlink">"<a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_42/January_1893/The_Inventor_of_the_Lightning-Rod" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 42/January 1893/The Inventor of the Lightning-Rod">The Inventor of the Lightning-Rod</a>" by <span class="wst-artlink-author"><a href="/wiki/Author:Joseph_J._Kr%C3%A1l" class="mw-redirect" title="Author:Joseph J. Král">Joseph J. Král</a></span> in <span class="wst-artlink-periodical"><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></span>, <span class="wst-artlink-midlevel wst-artlink-volnum"><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_42" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 42">42</a></span> (<span class="wst-artlink-midlevel wst-artlink-issnum"><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_42/January_1893" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 42/January 1893">January 1893</a></span>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plasma_physics">Plasma physics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Plasma physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Magnetism">Magnetism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Magnetism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Magnet" title="On the Magnet">On the Magnet</a> (1900) by <a href="/wiki/Author:William_Gilbert_(1544-1603)" title="Author:William Gilbert (1544-1603)">William Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions/Volume_116/On_the_Magnetizing_Power_of_the_More_Refrangible_Solar_Rays" title="Philosophical Transactions/Volume 116/On the Magnetizing Power of the More Refrangible Solar Rays">On the Magnetizing Power of the More Refrangible Solar Rays</a> by <a href="/wiki/Author:Mary_Fairfax_Somerville" title="Author:Mary Fairfax Somerville">Mary Fairfax Somerville</a> in <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society</i> (1826)</li> <li><span class="ws-authlink">"<a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Magnetism" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Magnetism">Magnetism</a>," in <i><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed., 1911)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuclear_and_particle_physics">Nuclear and particle physics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Nuclear and particle physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atomic_energy">Atomic energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Atomic energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radioactivity">Radioactivity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Radioactivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_14/November_1878/The_Radiometer" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 14/November 1878/The Radiometer">The Radiometer</a> as it appeared in the November 1878 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radioactive_substances">Radioactive substances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Radioactive substances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio-active_substances" title="Radio-active substances">Radio-active substances</a> (1904) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska_Curie" title="Author:Marie Skłodowska Curie">Marie Skłodowska Curie</a>, Thesis presented to the Faculte des Sciences de Paris, Reprinted from the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical News">Chemical News</a>. Second edition. <span class="scanlink" style="font-size: 83%;">(<a href="/wiki/Index:Radio-active_substances.djvu" title="Index:Radio-active substances.djvu">transcription project</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Discovery_of_Radium" title="The Discovery of Radium">The Discovery of Radium</a> (1921) by <a href="/wiki/Author:Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska_Curie" title="Author:Marie Skłodowska Curie">Marie Skłodowska Curie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elementary_particle_physics">Elementary particle physics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Elementary particle physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geophysics_and_cosmic_physics">Geophysics and cosmic physics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Geophysics and cosmic physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Note_relating_to_M._Foucault%27s_new_mechanical_proof_of_the_Rotation_of_the_Earth" title="Note relating to M. Foucault's new mechanical proof of the Rotation of the Earth">Note relating to M. Foucault's new mechanical proof of the Rotation of the Earth</a>, 1851</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_16/November_1879/The_Recent_Progress_of_Solar_Physics" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 16/November 1879/The Recent Progress of Solar Physics">The Recent Progress of Solar Physics</a> as it appeared in the November 1879 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_21/June_1882/A_New_Theory_of_the_Sun" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 21/June 1882/A New Theory of the Sun">A New Theory of the Sun</a> as it appeared in the June 1882 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Cyclone_Report:_2009/Tropical_Depression_One-E" title="Tropical Cyclone Report: 2009/Tropical Depression One-E">Tropical Cyclone Report: 2009/Tropical Depression One-E</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geomagnetism">Geomagnetism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Geomagnetism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ws-authlink">"<a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Magnetism,_Terrestrial" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Magnetism, Terrestrial">Magnetism, Terrestrial</a>," in <i><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed., 1911)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Amagat,_Emile_Hilaire" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Amagat, Emile Hilaire">Amagat, Emile Hilaire</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_45/July_1894/Sketch_of_Heinrich_Hertz" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 45/July 1894/Sketch of Heinrich Hertz">Sketch of Heinrich Hertz</a> as it appeared in the July 1894 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unsorted">Unsorted</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Unsorted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_12/April_1878/The_Dissipation_of_Energy" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 12/April 1878/The Dissipation of Energy">The Dissipation of Energy</a> as it appeared in the April 1878 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_13/July_1878/The_Radical_Fallacy_of_Materialism" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 13/July 1878/The Radical Fallacy of Materialism">The Radical Fallacy of Materialism</a> as it appeared in the July 1878 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_16/March_1880/Water_as_Fuel" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 16/March 1880/Water as Fuel">Water as Fuel</a> as it appeared in the March 1880 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_17/June_1880/The_Availability_of_Energy" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 17/June 1880/The Availability of Energy">The Availability of Energy</a> as it appeared in the June 1880 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_19/October_1881/How_the_Earth_Is_Weighed" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 19/October 1881/How the Earth Is Weighed">How the Earth Is Weighed</a> as it appeared in the October 1881 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_2/December_1872/Great_Fires_and_Rain-Storms" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 2/December 1872/Great Fires and Rain-Storms">Great Fires and Rain-Storms</a> as it appeared in the December 1872 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_2/January_1873/Light_and_Life" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 2/January 1873/Light and Life">Light and Life</a> as it appeared in the January 1873 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_2/January_1873/Velocity_of_the_Will" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 2/January 1873/Velocity of the Will">Velocity of the Will</a> as it appeared in the January 1873 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_20/December_1881/Studies_of_Vortex-Rings" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 20/December 1881/Studies of Vortex-Rings">Studies of Vortex-Rings</a> as it appeared in the December 1881 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_20/February_1882/A_Glimpse_Through_the_Corridors_of_Time" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 20/February 1882/A Glimpse Through the Corridors of Time">A Glimpse Through the Corridors of Time</a> as it appeared in the February 1882 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_20/February_1882/A_Little_Matter" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 20/February 1882/A Little Matter">A Little Matter</a> as it appeared in the February 1882 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_20/January_1882/What_Is_Transcendental_Physics%3F" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 20/January 1882/What Is Transcendental Physics?">What Is Transcendental Physics?</a> as it appeared in the January 1882 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_20/March_1882/Sound_and_Radiant_Heat" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 20/March 1882/Sound and Radiant Heat">Sound and Radiant Heat</a> as it appeared in the March 1882 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_20/November_1881/The_Available_Energy_of_Nature" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 20/November 1881/The Available Energy of Nature">The Available Energy of Nature</a> as it appeared in the November 1881 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_21/June_1882/Speculative_Science" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 21/June 1882/Speculative Science">Speculative Science</a> as it appeared in the June 1882 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_21/May_1882/On_the_Diffusion_of_Odors" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 21/May 1882/On the Diffusion of Odors">On the Diffusion of Odors</a> as it appeared in the May 1882 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_23/July_1883/Machines_Driven_by_Solar_Rays" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 23/July 1883/Machines Driven by Solar Rays">Machines Driven by Solar Rays</a> as it appeared in the July 1883 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_23/October_1883/The_Aim_of_Thermo-Chemical_Investigations" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 23/October 1883/The Aim of Thermo-Chemical Investigations">The Aim of Thermo-Chemical Investigations</a> as it appeared in the October 1883 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_25/June_1884/Professor_Dvorak%27s_Sound-Mills" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 25/June 1884/Professor Dvorak's Sound-Mills">Professor Dvorak's Sound-Mills</a> as it appeared in the June 1884 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_25/October_1884/Du_Motay%27s_Process_of_Ice-Making" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 25/October 1884/Du Motay's Process of Ice-Making">Du Motay's Process of Ice-Making</a> as it appeared in the October 1884 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_25/September_1884/Sun-Kinks" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 25/September 1884/Sun-Kinks">Sun-Kinks</a> as it appeared in the September 1884 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_3/May_1873/Wave-Action_in_Nature" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 3/May 1873/Wave-Action in Nature">Wave-Action in Nature</a> as it appeared in the May 1873 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_3/October_1873/Sympathetic_Vibrations_in_Machinery" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 3/October 1873/Sympathetic Vibrations in Machinery">Sympathetic Vibrations in Machinery</a> as it appeared in the October 1873 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_4/December_1873/Correlation_of_Vital_with_Chemical_and_Physical_Forces" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 4/December 1873/Correlation of Vital with Chemical and Physical Forces">Correlation of Vital with Chemical and Physical Forces</a> as it appeared in the December 1873 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_4/February_1874/The_Dissipation_of_Energy" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 4/February 1874/The Dissipation of Energy">The Dissipation of Energy</a> as it appeared in the February 1874 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_4/January_1874/Quicker_Than_Lightning" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 4/January 1874/Quicker Than Lightning">Quicker Than Lightning</a> as it appeared in the January 1874 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_5/August_1874/The_Physics_of_Ice" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 5/August 1874/The Physics of Ice">The Physics of Ice</a> as it appeared in the August 1874 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_5/May_1874/Action_of_Sunlight_on_Glass" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 5/May 1874/Action of Sunlight on Glass">Action of Sunlight on Glass</a> as it appeared in the May 1874 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_5/May_1874/The_Crooked_Courses_of_Light" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 5/May 1874/The Crooked Courses of Light">The Crooked Courses of Light</a> as it appeared in the May 1874 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_6/January_1875/Address_Before_the_American_Association_II" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 6/January 1875/Address Before the American Association II">Address Before the American Association II</a> as it appeared in the January 1875 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_6/January_1875/Crystalline_and_Molecular_Forces" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 6/January 1875/Crystalline and Molecular Forces">Crystalline and Molecular Forces</a> as it appeared in the January 1875<a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_9/August_1876/The_Apotheosis_of_Steam" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 9/August 1876/The Apotheosis of Steam">The Apotheosis of Steam</a> as it appeared in the August 1876 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_9/September_1876/Soap-Bubbles" title="Popular Science Monthly/Volume 9/September 1876/Soap-Bubbles">Soap-Bubbles</a> as it appeared in the September 1876 <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Dynamics" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Dynamics">Dynamics</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Poles" title="The New Student's Reference Work/Poles">Poles</a> as it appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" title="The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Papers_of_Josiah_Willard_Gibbs,_Volume_2" title="Scientific Papers of Josiah Willard Gibbs, Volume 2">Scientific Papers of Josiah Willard Gibbs, Volume 2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Meteorology" title="Portal:Meteorology">Portal:Meteorology</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/loccs/qc">Subclass QC</a> on Project Gutenberg</li></ul> <div style="background: #F9F9F9; color: #202122; border: #36A solid 1px; margin: 10px 10px 10px 0px; width: 100%;"> <table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #DDE; color: #202122; text-align: center;"><b>Latest additions to the<br />physics category</b> </td> <td><ul> <li>18 September 2024: <a href="/wiki/Mind_(journal)/Volume_33/Number_130/Space_and_Time:_An_Essay_in_the_Foundations_of_Physics_(II.)" title="Mind (journal)/Volume 33/Number 130/Space and Time: An Essay in the Foundations of Physics (II.)">Mind (journal)/Volume 33/Number 130/Space and Time: An Essay in the Foundations of Physics (II.)</a></li> <li>18 September 2024: <a href="/wiki/Mind_(journal)/Volume_33/Number_129/Space_and_Time:_An_Essay_in_the_Foundations_of_Physics_(I.)" title="Mind (journal)/Volume 33/Number 129/Space and Time: An Essay in the Foundations of Physics (I.)">Mind (journal)/Volume 33/Number 129/Space and Time: An Essay in the Foundations of Physics (I.)</a></li> <li>18 September 2024: <a href="/wiki/Space_and_Time_(Prasad)" title="Space and Time (Prasad)">Space and Time (Prasad)</a></li> <li>8 September 2024: <a href="/wiki/Space_and_Time_(Saha)" title="Space and Time (Saha)">Space and Time (Saha)</a></li> <li>8 September 2024: <a href="/wiki/Flatland_(first_edition)" title="Flatland (first edition)">Flatland (first edition)</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14549452">.mw-parser-output .wst-right{text-align:right}</style><div class="wst-right"> <p><span style="font-size: 83%;"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Category:Physics" title="Special:RecentChangesLinked/Category:Physics">Recent changes</a></span> </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&oldid=14264650">https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&oldid=14264650</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_portals" title="Category:Science portals">Science portals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portals" title="Category:Portals">Portals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Physics" title="Category:Physics">Physics</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_DynamicPageList_extension" title="Category:Pages using the DynamicPageList extension">Pages using the DynamicPageList extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="The user page for the IP address you are editing as">Not logged in</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Portal%3APhysics" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Portal%3APhysics" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Namespaces</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-portal" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Physics" title="View the subject page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Portal</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal_talk:Physics" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <label id="p-variants-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Views</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Physics"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" > <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">More</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <h3 >Search</h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikisource" aria-label="Search Wikisource" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikisource [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Search the pages for this text" value="Search"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" value="Go"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel" class="vector-legacy-sidebar"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></a> </div> <nav id="p-navigation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Navigation</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main Page</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-scriptorium" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:Scriptorium"><span>Central discussion</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-subjectindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portals"><span>Subject index</span></a></li><li id="n-categoryauthors" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Category:Authors_by_alphabetical_order"><span>Authors</span></a></li><li id="n-randomwork" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomRootpage/Main"><span>Random work</span></a></li><li id="n-randomauthor" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomRootpage/Author"><span>Random author</span></a></li><li id="n-randomindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomRootpage/Index"><span>Random transcription</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to find out"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikisource.org&uselang=en" title="Support us"><span>Donate</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-do" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-do emptyPortlet vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-do-label" > <h3 id="p-do-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label"></span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-tb" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" > <h3 id="p-tb-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Portal:Physics" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Portal:Physics" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&oldid=14264650" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FPortal%3APhysics"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FPortal%3APhysics"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading-label" > <h3 id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Print/export</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Portal%3APhysics&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In other projects</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Physics" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Subject:Physics" hreflang="en"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" hreflang="en"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Physics" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Physics" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q413" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In other languages</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikisource.org/wiki/Hoofdportaal:Natuurwetenschappen/Natuurkunde" title="Hoofdportaal:Natuurwetenschappen/Natuurkunde – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoofdportaal:Natuurwetenschappen/Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q413#sitelinks-wikisource" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 June 2024, at 14:55.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy.</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:About">About Wikisource</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikisource.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Physics&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("This page is using the deprecated ResourceLoader module \"codex-search-styles\".\n[1.43] Use a CodexModule with codexComponents to set your specific components used: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Codex#Using_a_limited_subset_of_components");mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-67ll8","wgBackendResponseTime":98,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.350","walltime":"0.618","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1312,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":16281,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1468,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4135,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":14,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 458.249 1 -total"," 55.29% 253.370 10 Template:WD_version"," 27.30% 125.112 1 Template:Portal_header"," 7.82% 35.846 1 Template:Latest_additions"," 4.47% 20.500 1 Template:PSM_link"," 3.77% 17.281 1 Template:Article_link"," 3.25% 14.881 1 Template:Right"," 1.75% 8.002 1 Template:Right/s"," 1.69% 7.763 3 Template:EB9_link"," 1.34% 6.138 5 Template:Authority/link"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.188","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3163872,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"\"Popular Science Monthly/Volume 42/January 1893/The Inventor of the Lightning-Rod\"\n\"Popular Science Monthly\"\n\"Popular Science Monthly/Volume 42\"\n\"Popular Science Monthly/Volume 42/January 1893\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-hq8pf","timestamp":"20241126045406","ttl":604800,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> </body> </html>