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Discourse, the Subject and the Study of Identity in International Politics", European Journal of International Relations (2011), vol 17, no. 2, pp. 327-350</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article aims to show the theoretical added value of focussing on discourse to study identity in international relations (IR). I argue that the discourse approach offers a more theoretically parsimonious and empirically grounded way... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2420052" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article aims to show the theoretical added value of focussing on discourse to study identity in international relations (IR). I argue that the discourse approach offers a more theoretically parsimonious and empirically grounded way of studying identity than approaches developed in the wake of both constructivism and the broader ‘psychological turn’. My starting point is a critique of the discipline’s understanding of the ‘self’ uncritically borrowed from psychology. Jacques Lacan’s ‘speaking subject’ offers instead a non-essentialist basis for theorizing about identity that has been largely overlooked. To tailor these insights to concerns specific to the discipline I then flesh out the distinction between subject-positions and subjectivities. This crucial distinction is what enables the discourse approach to travel the different levels of analyses, from the individual to the state, in a way that steers clear of the field’s fallacy of composition, which has been perpetuated by the assumption that what applies to individuals applies to states as well. Discourse thus offers a way of studying state identities without presuming that the state has a self. I illustrate this empirically with regards to the international politics of whaling.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2420052" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1276843f4c015633bcbdf475cd7a3126" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32900086,"asset_id":2420052,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32900086/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjAzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16325" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein">Charlotte Epstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16325" type="text/json">{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2420052 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2420052"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2420052, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2420052", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2420052 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2420052; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2420052"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2420052 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2420052"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2420052; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2420052]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2420052").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2420052").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2420067" data-work_id="2420067" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2420067/_Embodying_Risk_Using_Biometrics_to_Protect_the_Borders_in_L_Amoore_and_M_de_Goede_ed_2008_Risk_and_the_War_on_Terror_Routledge_London">"Embodying Risk: Using Biometrics to Protect the Borders" in L Amoore & M de Goede (ed.) (2008), Risk and the War on Terror, Routledge, London.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2420067" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1757e8fad2f82d6b3f7e96fe9e276cdb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31803755,"asset_id":2420067,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31803755/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjAzOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16325" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein">Charlotte Epstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16325" type="text/json">{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2420067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2420067"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2420067, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2420067", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2420067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2420067; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2420067"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2420067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2420067"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2420067; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2420067]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2420067").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2420067").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2420067"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8207" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk">Risk</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8207" type="text/json">{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2420067]'), work: {"id":2420067,"title":"\"Embodying Risk: Using Biometrics to Protect the Borders\" in L Amoore \u0026 M de Goede (ed.) 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My critique, which adds to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2435113" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">n this paper, I use a phenomenon of resistance to a global norm as a catalyst to critically re-examine the cognitive frames underpinning the use of the concept of socialization in international relations. My critique, which adds to the now growing critique of constructivism’s neglect of the role of power in the international system, is threefold. First, socialization tends to be apprehended as a bettering of the socializee, because of an implicit teleological assumption of change as progress. Second, the concept tends to frame out the perspective of the socializee. Third and relatedly, it infantilizes the socializee. I use the international politics of whaling to illustrate the practical and conceptual effects of this infantilization of the socializee and specifically the ways it curtails both policymaking and scholarly research. The purpose of my efforts here are not to discount the usefulness of “socialization” in understanding norm dynamics but to caution against these three particular forms of silencing effected by the epistemological apparatus that has taken shape around it.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2435113" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="da3385a06cfa7576ba0e13c8c2b60aa3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34781256,"asset_id":2435113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34781256/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16325" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein">Charlotte Epstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16325" type="text/json">{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2435113 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2435113"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2435113, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2435113", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2435113]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2435113").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2435113").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2435113"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3248" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constructivism">Constructivism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3248" type="text/json">{"id":3248,"name":"Constructivism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constructivism","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2435113]'), work: {"id":2435113,"title":"\"Stop Telling Us How To Behave: Socialization or Infantilization?\", International Studies Perspective (2012) vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 135-145.","created_at":"2013-01-20T12:41:59.750-08:00","owner_id":16325,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/2435113/_Stop_Telling_Us_How_To_Behave_Socialization_or_Infantilization_International_Studies_Perspective_2012_vol_13_no_2_pp_135_145","slug":"_Stop_Telling_Us_How_To_Behave_Socialization_or_Infantilization_International_Studies_Perspective_2012_vol_13_no_2_pp_135_145","dom_id":"work_2435113","summary":"n this paper, I use a phenomenon of resistance to a global norm as a catalyst to critically re-examine the cognitive frames underpinning the use of the concept of socialization in international relations. My critique, which adds to the now growing critique of constructivism’s neglect of the role of power in the international system, is threefold. First, socialization tends to be apprehended as a bettering of the socializee, because of an implicit teleological assumption of change as progress. Second, the concept tends to frame out the perspective of the socializee. Third and relatedly, it infantilizes the socializee. I use the international politics of whaling to illustrate the practical and conceptual effects of this infantilization of the socializee and specifically the ways it curtails both policymaking and scholarly research. The purpose of my efforts here are not to discount the usefulness of “socialization” in understanding norm dynamics but to caution against these three particular forms of silencing effected by the epistemological apparatus that has taken shape around it.","publication":null,"publication_with_fallback":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34781256,"asset_id":2435113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34781256/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34781256/ISP13Socialization_Epstein-libre.pdf?1411060013=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DStop_Telling_Us_How_To_Behave_Socializa.pdf\u0026Expires=1739925639\u0026Signature=Dv2ECF4wNxDnGuV-QCE3zKn-6Sk0J3Hd7jS4Www5ScrdhYwf77DqJxMzEqOJF-Tj6bwaOr23mSD8NWxLatTGUzc7fPhpVqiw6Y9AH96yPUtcQzsHl-nPAOlP5SVqbFu-IFv4WumiYstYzFtWlnNsOnHxiJXONZgivy5sJUNPY92Z02t940w54cbkBBkYD1AK22Cbt5gJpH~DuD0lHS-5tXdOfwv6vM7lwGXyNzrgHptksanl~q4~x19HLVm5cl0wnoZVkyRuu2qsh4o5BwwR5kWSUuAjsV8iebUdNYJLtM9OccIfXyIZwHTA7-YugFcIAmbp~kCIrMxgAfaJopYlkg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34781256/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/34781256/mini_magick20180818-558-1cyd9wa.png?1534595573"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":34781256,"asset_id":2435113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34781256/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34781256/ISP13Socialization_Epstein-libre.pdf?1411060013=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DStop_Telling_Us_How_To_Behave_Socializa.pdf\u0026Expires=1739925639\u0026Signature=Dv2ECF4wNxDnGuV-QCE3zKn-6Sk0J3Hd7jS4Www5ScrdhYwf77DqJxMzEqOJF-Tj6bwaOr23mSD8NWxLatTGUzc7fPhpVqiw6Y9AH96yPUtcQzsHl-nPAOlP5SVqbFu-IFv4WumiYstYzFtWlnNsOnHxiJXONZgivy5sJUNPY92Z02t940w54cbkBBkYD1AK22Cbt5gJpH~DuD0lHS-5tXdOfwv6vM7lwGXyNzrgHptksanl~q4~x19HLVm5cl0wnoZVkyRuu2qsh4o5BwwR5kWSUuAjsV8iebUdNYJLtM9OccIfXyIZwHTA7-YugFcIAmbp~kCIrMxgAfaJopYlkg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34781256/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/34781256/mini_magick20180818-558-1cyd9wa.png?1534595573"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":11,"ordered_authors":[{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3248,"name":"Constructivism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constructivism","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":null,"publication_year_with_fallback":null,"paper_rank":3.5,"all_time_views":818,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2531505" data-work_id="2531505" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2531505/Guilty_Bodies_Productive_Bodies_Destructive_Bodies_Crossing_the_Biometric_Borders_International_Political_Sociology_2007_vol_1_no_2">Guilty Bodies, Productive Bodies, Destructive Bodies: Crossing the Biometric Borders", International Political Sociology (2007), vol. 1, no. 2.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examines the forms of power brought into play by the deployment of biometrics under the lenses of Foucault's notions of discipline and biopower. These developments are then analyzed from the perspective of governmentality,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2531505" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examines the forms of power brought into play by the deployment of biometrics under the lenses of Foucault's notions of discipline and biopower. These developments are then analyzed from the perspective of governmentality, highlighting how the broader spread of biometrics throughout the social fabric owes not merely to the convergence of public and private surveillance, but rather to a deeper logic of power under the governmental state, orchestrated by the security function, which ultimately strengthens the state. It is associated with the rise of a new governmentality discourse, which operates on a binary logic of productive/destructive, and where, in fact, the very distinctions between private and public, guilty, and innocent—classic categories of sovereignty—find decreasing currency. However, biometric borders reveal a complicated game of renegotiations between sovereignty and governmentality, whereby sovereignty is colonized by governmentality on the one hand, but still functions as a counterweight to it on the other. Furthermore, they bring out a particular function of the “destructive body” for the governmental state: it is both the key figure ruling the whole design of security management, and the blind spot, the inconceivable, for a form of power geared toward producing productive bodies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2531505" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a2709692ee2131627592a837a5f6c116" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38364796,"asset_id":2531505,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38364796/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16325" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein">Charlotte Epstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16325" type="text/json">{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2531505 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2531505"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2531505, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2531505", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2531505 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2531505; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2531505"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2531505 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2531505"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2531505; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2531505]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2531505").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2531505").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3494142" data-work_id="3494142" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3494142/Theorizing_Agency_in_Hobbess_Wake_The_Rational_Actor_the_Self_or_the_Speaking_Subject_International_Organization_2013_vol_67_no_2">Theorizing Agency in Hobbes's Wake: The Rational Actor, the Self, or the Speaking Subject?, 'International Organization' (2013) vol. 67, no.2</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The rationalist-constructivist divide that runs through the discipline of International Relations (IR) revolves around two figures of agency, the rational actor and the constructivist “self.” In this article I examine the models of agency... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3494142" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The rationalist-constructivist divide that runs through the discipline of International Relations (IR) revolves around two figures of agency, the rational actor and the constructivist “self.” In this article I examine the models of agency that implicitly or explicitly underpin the study of international politics. I show how both notions of the rational actor and the constructivist self have remained wedded to individualist understandings of agency that were first incarnated in the discipline's self-understandings by Hobbes's natural individual. Despite its turn to social theory, this persistent individualism has hampered constructivism's ability to appraise the ways in which the actors and structures of international politics mutually constitute one another “all the way down.” My purpose is to lay the foundations for a nonindividualist, adequately relational, social theory of international politics. To this end I propose a third model of agency, Lacan's split speaking subject. Through a Lacanian reading of the Leviathan, I show how the speaking subject has in fact laid buried away in the discipline's Hobbesian legacy all along</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3494142" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ccc3e6a2e2dc75888648f79e7872470b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40013361,"asset_id":3494142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40013361/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16325" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein">Charlotte Epstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16325" type="text/json">{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3494142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3494142"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3494142, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3494142", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3494142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3494142; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3494142"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3494142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3494142"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3494142; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3494142]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3494142").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3494142").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3647165 coauthored" data-work_id="3647165" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3647165/Securing_Fish_For_the_Nation_Food_Security_and_Governmentality_In_Japan_with_Kate_Barclay_Asian_Studies_Review_2013_37_2_215_233">Securing Fish For the Nation: Food Security and Governmentality In Japan, with Kate Barclay, 'Asian Studies Review' (2013), 37:2, 215-233</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Concerns about supplies of food have been a feature of Japanese politics since Japan started modernising in the second half of the 1800s. It has remained a prominent political issue even after Japan cemented its status as a wealthy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3647165" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Concerns about supplies of food have been a feature of Japanese politics since Japan started modernising in the second half of the 1800s. It has remained a prominent political issue even after Japan cemented its status as a wealthy country in the 1980s, with the Japanese Government continuing to protect domestic food production from international competition. Protectionism is a curious policy for a country so dependent on world trade, including for food. Protectionist practices have led to entrenched interests in some sections of govern- ment and industry. Protectionist ideas are used in nationalist arguments against food imports. The protection of domestic food production, however, resonates posi- tively well beyond the groups that benefit economically from protection and those that indulge in chauvinist notions about the dangers of “foreign” food. The issue, therefore, is broader than interest-group capture or xenophobia. We find it is deeply embedded in Japanese policies relating to food domestically and interna- tionally, and goes beyond government policy as such, involving ways of thinking about protection of national culture, and social and environmental responsibility. Michel Foucault’s notion of governmentality helps to explain this approach to food security, accounting for the balancing act between free trade and protection as well as the pervasiveness of this rationality beyond government as such. <br />[Available on OPEN ACCESS at the link below]"</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3647165" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db4f1677a2f0718e3ffd798141dbd64b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31552556,"asset_id":3647165,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31552556/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16325" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein">Charlotte Epstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16325" type="text/json">{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-3647165">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-3647165"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uts.academia.edu/KateBarclay">Kate Barclay</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-3647165'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-3647165').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3647165 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3647165"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3647165; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3647165]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3647165").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3647165").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7604021" data-work_id="7604021" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7604021/Constructivism_Or_the_Eternal_Return_of_Universals_in_International_Relations_Why_Returning_to_Language_is_Vital_For_Prolonging_The_Owls_Flight_in_European_Journal_of_International_Relations">Constructivism Or the Eternal Return of Universals in International Relations. Why Returning to Language is Vital For Prolonging The Owl's Flight, in 'European Journal of International Relations'</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this contribution I engage with the question of the end of theory from a poststructuralist perspective. I begin by revisiting the making of International Relations as a discrete theoretical endeavour from Waltz (1979) to Wendt (1999),... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7604021" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this contribution I engage with the question of the end of theory from a poststructuralist perspective. I begin by revisiting the making of International Relations as a discrete theoretical endeavour from Waltz (1979) to Wendt (1999), around, respectively, the efforts to unearth the structures of international politics that carved out the international as a distinct site of political analysis, and the appraisal of these structures as social structures (Wendt, 1999). I then revisit the origins of poststructuralism via the works of Jacques Derrida and Judith Butler, in order to bring its founding moves to bear directly on International Relations constructivism. Engaging with constructivism’s founding fathers, Nicholas Onuf, Alexander Wendt and Friedrich Kratochwil, I show that the search for unconstructed universals, grounded in an innate ‘human nature’, persistently haunts International Relations constructivism, even when it foregrounds language as the medium of social construction, and notably when it engages the question of gender. Just as language provided the original site for orchestrating the ‘moving beyond’ (the ‘post’ of poststructuralism) fixed, naturalized structures, I argue that a return to language holds the promise of renewal, and of constructivism’s being able to fulfil its founding promise to theorize constitutivity and the constructed-ness of International Relations’ world.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7604021" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d0b1056c2fbbd39a309ed204fa5e49fc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34153758,"asset_id":7604021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34153758/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16325" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein">Charlotte Epstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16325" type="text/json">{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7604021 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7604021"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7604021, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7604021", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7604021]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7604021").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7604021").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7962206" data-work_id="7962206" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7962206/The_Postcolonial_Perspective_an_Introduction_2014_in_International_Theory_Vol_6_no_2_pp_294_311">The Postcolonial Perspective: an Introduction (2014), in 'International Theory', Vol.6, no.2 pp 294 - 311</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this article I consider what it means to theorise international politics from a postcolonial perspective, understood not as a unified body of thought or a new ‘-ism’ for IR, but as a ‘situated perspective’, where the particular of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7962206" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this article I consider what it means to theorise international politics from a postcolonial perspective, understood not as a unified body of thought or a new ‘-ism’ for IR, but as a ‘situated perspective’, where the particular of subjective, embodied experiences are foregrounded rather than erased in the theorising. What the postcolonial has to offer are ex-centred, post-Eurocentric sites for practices of situated critique. This casts a different light upon the makings of international orders and key epistemological schemes with which these have been studied in international relations (IR), such as ‘norms’. In this perspective colonisation appears as a foundational shaper of these orders, to a degree and with effects still under-appraised in the discipline. The postcolonial perspective is thus deeply historical, or rather genealogical, in its dual concerns with, first, the genesis of norms, or the processes by which particular behaviours come to be taken to be ‘normal’. Second, it is centrally concerned with the power relations implicated in the (re)drawing of boundaries between the normal and the strange or the unacceptable. Together, these concerns effectively shift the analysis of the ideational processes underpinning international orders from ‘norms’ to the dynamic and power-laden mechanisms of ‘normalisation’. In addition, I show how theorising international politics from a postcolonial perspective has implications for IR’s conceptions of time, identity, and its relationship to difference, as well as agency.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7962206" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4e4c5b50244033cbdf595f0f0a3eea68" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34434480,"asset_id":7962206,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34434480/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16325" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein">Charlotte Epstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16325" type="text/json">{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7962206 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7962206"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7962206, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7962206", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7962206]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7962206").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7962206").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7962206"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1166" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory">International Relations Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1166" type="text/json">{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13995" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Theory">Postcolonial Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13995" type="text/json">{"id":13995,"name":"Postcolonial Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Theory","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7962206]'), work: {"id":7962206,"title":"The Postcolonial Perspective: an Introduction (2014), in 'International Theory', Vol.6, no.2 pp 294 - 311","created_at":"2014-08-13T06:45:39.275-07:00","owner_id":16325,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/7962206/The_Postcolonial_Perspective_an_Introduction_2014_in_International_Theory_Vol_6_no_2_pp_294_311","slug":"The_Postcolonial_Perspective_an_Introduction_2014_in_International_Theory_Vol_6_no_2_pp_294_311","dom_id":"work_7962206","summary":"In this article I consider what it means to theorise international politics from a postcolonial perspective, understood not as a unified body of thought or a new ‘-ism’ for IR, but as a ‘situated perspective’, where the particular of subjective, embodied experiences are foregrounded rather than erased in the theorising. What the postcolonial has to offer are ex-centred, post-Eurocentric sites for practices of situated critique. This casts a different light upon the makings of international orders and key epistemological schemes with which these have been studied in international relations (IR), such as ‘norms’. In this perspective colonisation appears as a foundational shaper of these orders, to a degree and with effects still under-appraised in the discipline. The postcolonial perspective is thus deeply historical, or rather genealogical, in its dual concerns with, first, the genesis of norms, or the processes by which particular behaviours come to be taken to be ‘normal’. Second, it is centrally concerned with the power relations implicated in the (re)drawing of boundaries between the normal and the strange or the unacceptable. 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Habeas What Kind Of Corpus?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this article I consider how our experiences of bodily privacy are changing in the contemporary surveillance society. To this end I use biometric technologies as a lens for tracking the changing relationships between the body and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15063731" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this article I consider how our experiences of bodily privacy are changing in the contemporary surveillance society. To this end I use biometric technologies as a lens for tracking the changing relationships between the body and privacy that underwrite our modern democratic polities. Adopting a broader genealogical perspective, however, I begin by retracing the role of the body in the constitution of the modern liberal political subject. I consider successively two quite different understandings of the subject, the political subject as theorised by Michel Foucault, followed by the subject of psychoanalysis analysed by Jacques Lacan. My genealogy of the modern political subject begins with the habeas corpus, and observes a classically Foucauldian periodization, the historical succession (yet enduring entwinement) of a ‘regime of sovereignty’ with a ‘regime of governmentality’, within which our surveillance societies are currently taking shape. In the final part of the article, instead of the unidirectional Foucauldian gaze, I switch to a two-way scopic relationship, by way of Lacan’s analysis of the mirror stage. I locate both the place of the body and the function of misrecognition in the constitution of the psychic subject. The psychoanalytic perspective, in which the powerful gaze is revealed as the gaze of the Other, serves to appraise the effects upon the subject of excessive exposure. I conclude to the importance of the subject’s being able to hide, even when she has nothing to hide. By considering these two facets of subjectivity, political and psychic, I hope to make sense of our enduring and deeply political passionate attachment to privacy, which is bound up with our capacity for resistance; notwithstanding the increasing normalization of surveillance technologies and practices.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15063731" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c41f14396608d49f12cf42568fb76c16" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42340796,"asset_id":15063731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42340796/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16325" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein">Charlotte Epstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16325" type="text/json">{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15063731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15063731"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15063731, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15063731", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15063731]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15063731").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15063731").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15063731"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2783" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy">Privacy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2783" type="text/json">{"id":2783,"name":"Privacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7480" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance_Studies">Surveillance Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7480" type="text/json">{"id":7480,"name":"Surveillance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance_Studies","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24892" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance">Surveillance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24892" type="text/json">{"id":24892,"name":"Surveillance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15063731]'), work: {"id":15063731,"title":"Surveillance, Privacy and the Making of the Modern Subject. Habeas What Kind Of Corpus?","created_at":"2015-08-20T17:24:35.880-07:00","owner_id":16325,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/15063731/Surveillance_Privacy_and_the_Making_of_the_Modern_Subject_Habeas_What_Kind_Of_Corpus","slug":"Surveillance_Privacy_and_the_Making_of_the_Modern_Subject_Habeas_What_Kind_Of_Corpus","dom_id":"work_15063731","summary":"\r\nIn this article I consider how our experiences of bodily privacy are changing in the contemporary surveillance society. To this end I use biometric technologies as a lens for tracking the changing relationships between the body and privacy that underwrite our modern democratic polities. Adopting a broader genealogical perspective, however, I begin by retracing the role of the body in the constitution of the modern liberal political subject. I consider successively two quite different understandings of the subject, the political subject as theorised by Michel Foucault, followed by the subject of psychoanalysis analysed by Jacques Lacan. My genealogy of the modern political subject begins with the habeas corpus, and observes a classically Foucauldian periodization, the historical succession (yet enduring entwinement) of a ‘regime of sovereignty’ with a ‘regime of governmentality’, within which our surveillance societies are currently taking shape. In the final part of the article, instead of the unidirectional Foucauldian gaze, I switch to a two-way scopic relationship, by way of Lacan’s analysis of the mirror stage. I locate both the place of the body and the function of misrecognition in the constitution of the psychic subject. The psychoanalytic perspective, in which the powerful gaze is revealed as the gaze of the Other, serves to appraise the effects upon the subject of excessive exposure. I conclude to the importance of the subject’s being able to hide, even when she has nothing to hide. By considering these two facets of subjectivity, political and psychic, I hope to make sense of our enduring and deeply political passionate attachment to privacy, which is bound up with our capacity for resistance; notwithstanding the increasing normalization of surveillance technologies and practices. \r\n","publication":"Body and Society","publication_with_fallback":"Body and Society","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42340796,"asset_id":15063731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/42340796/Epstein_Body_Society_Proofs_Feb2016-libre.pdf?1454890385=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSurveillance_Privacy_and_the_Making_of_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1739911910\u0026Signature=Rs37sQS17ziDlqbeLEnRELzYmCTGF9cwsuVG5~408B58oYnhSuDvPz4LlbtcUsvcrFspG~bR5hTWuXccWYFD8ykc4QST4~QfbEaflyS7VNl1GPlPzSFFMVCDMBI3-b0d5jrnACL0BAwAh5pUdlmG-vzcuhIiS3jfeqC3O6j0tZqGCx~O1psvSeXOOJ8PztMe8QlormsyVp~N9e1bX6GYTJkspdmlcdNWV91oLwQPnSC6JljtIdo5h0JPn2PLUKaxpwEdKYKkNyRNoBTjRQCbGOC8uVgRhiW6Q80KqfPJ88XUcE7PfIw2WxYrv55ucc1uhYW0HfMsrBNcP51o4H42ug__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42340796/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/42340796/mini_magick20190217-26245-19pqwr9.png?1550464068"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":42340796,"asset_id":15063731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/42340796/Epstein_Body_Society_Proofs_Feb2016-libre.pdf?1454890385=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSurveillance_Privacy_and_the_Making_of_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1739911911\u0026Signature=PK9MZN293Lfxcj9BzL3cQ7Zg4Be2k6IFfUbGUxSuFeGU4OTsFX7CIyokwOrpQm241a6PZnNibHj0G9W5z3WKFRD56EjwhQMJmMh95mpcNaw2nSpTEl8NG6EZx2ArP03M-I~0Bsa7t7FFpU4YNi8AYpTurz~tE5-7eUNOF9gTvKZdvd7X47c-zYk5EG9U6GQOnApK-NbWV7N3YflGYor57EJVvzKlsh0odN0z~QaMbZsDkCOe8u9OmxL2rfClPhZ-GsMg~UWLpAbtuSuHjST--isL7vDn2M1OKo1IMhCa1H5DE-2KUQH-tPqT0ruJNQyKhmy2WjUkc6na7wnLEYpmLw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42340796/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/42340796/mini_magick20190217-26245-19pqwr9.png?1550464068"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":30,"ordered_authors":[{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2783,"name":"Privacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy","nofollow":true},{"id":7480,"name":"Surveillance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance_Studies","nofollow":true},{"id":24892,"name":"Surveillance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2016,"publication_year_with_fallback":2016,"paper_rank":2.4,"all_time_views":422,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24932913" data-work_id="24932913" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24932913/Vers_une_reformulation_antagonique_de_la_lutte_pour_la_reconnaissance_Introduction_au_dossier_Lectures_h%C3%A9g%C3%A9liennes_2016_">Vers une reformulation antagonique de la lutte pour la reconnaissance Introduction au dossier 'Lectures hégéliennes' (2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Les articles réunis dans ce dossier sont presqu’intégralement le fruit d’un workshop international organisé au CERI en juin 2014. Prenant comme point de départ un engagement critique envers la littérature de la reconnaissance, notre... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24932913" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Les articles réunis dans ce dossier sont presqu’intégralement le fruit d’un workshop international organisé au CERI en juin 2014. Prenant comme point de départ un engagement critique envers la littérature de la reconnaissance, notre propos était de revenir sur les traces de l’Hegel de la Phénoménologie de l’esprit pour reformuler le concept de la lutte pour la reconnaissance. Ce retour nous offre un approfondissement des concepts contemporains de la reconnaissance très largement influencés par une conception consensuelle dans la littérature classique malgré l’accentuation de la reconnaissance comme lutte à l’instar d’Axel Honneth. Centré sur ce retour antagonique de la conception originale d’Hegel, ce workshop réunissait des philosophes, des politistes, des théoriciens du social et des Relations internationales ainsi que des sociologues et des juristes. Dans cet article, nous introduisons des contributions diverses et suggèrerons comment des conversations au-delà des frontières disciplinaires sont susceptibles de reformuler le concept de reconnaissance et de préparer son utilisation dans les analyses critiques des phénomènes politiques et sociaux prenant davantage en compte ses dimensions antagoniques et actionnelles.<br /><br />English<br /><br />    Towards An Antagonistic Reformulation of the Struggle for Recognition: Forum. IntroductionThe articles brought together in this volume are (mostly) the fruits of an international workshop held in Paris in June 2014, co-organised with Ole-Jacob Sending. Starting from a critical engagement with the recognition literature, its purpose was to chart a path back to Hegel, in order to mine the resources that a return to the original formulation of the struggle for recognition in the Phenomenology of Spirit provides for deepening contemporary understandings of the concept of recognition, beyond the “consensual” bend it has broadly taken in that literature, notwithstanding Axel Honneth’s focus on recognition as a struggle. Centred on this return to Hegel, the workshop brought together philosophers, political, social and international relations theorists, as well as sociologists and legal scholars. In this article we introduce the various contributions, and draw out how the conversations generated across these disciplinary perspectives enable us to rethink the concept of recognition and pave the way for its utilisation in critical political and social analyses that more explicitly foreground its antagonistic and “agency” dimensions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24932913" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="33070dcb431896ecb560326e2c3511e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45264694,"asset_id":24932913,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45264694/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16325" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein">Charlotte Epstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16325" type="text/json">{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24932913 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24932913"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24932913, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24932913", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24932913]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24932913").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24932913").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24932913"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1166" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory">International Relations Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1166" type="text/json">{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5960" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continental_Philosophy">Continental Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5960" type="text/json">{"id":5960,"name":"Continental Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continental_Philosophy","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7943" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recognition">Recognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7943" type="text/json">{"id":7943,"name":"Recognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recognition","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18108" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G.W.F._Hegel">G.W.F. Hegel</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18108" type="text/json">{"id":18108,"name":"G.W.F. Hegel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G.W.F._Hegel","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24932913]'), work: {"id":24932913,"title":"Vers une reformulation antagonique de la lutte pour la reconnaissance \nIntroduction au dossier 'Lectures hégéliennes' (2016)","created_at":"2016-05-01T22:02:08.792-07:00","owner_id":16325,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/24932913/Vers_une_reformulation_antagonique_de_la_lutte_pour_la_reconnaissance_Introduction_au_dossier_Lectures_h%C3%A9g%C3%A9liennes_2016_","slug":"Vers_une_reformulation_antagonique_de_la_lutte_pour_la_reconnaissance_Introduction_au_dossier_Lectures_hégéliennes_2016_","dom_id":"work_24932913","summary":" Les articles réunis dans ce dossier sont presqu’intégralement le fruit d’un workshop international organisé au CERI en juin 2014. Prenant comme point de départ un engagement critique envers la littérature de la reconnaissance, notre propos était de revenir sur les traces de l’Hegel de la Phénoménologie de l’esprit pour reformuler le concept de la lutte pour la reconnaissance. Ce retour nous offre un approfondissement des concepts contemporains de la reconnaissance très largement influencés par une conception consensuelle dans la littérature classique malgré l’accentuation de la reconnaissance comme lutte à l’instar d’Axel Honneth. Centré sur ce retour antagonique de la conception originale d’Hegel, ce workshop réunissait des philosophes, des politistes, des théoriciens du social et des Relations internationales ainsi que des sociologues et des juristes. Dans cet article, nous introduisons des contributions diverses et suggèrerons comment des conversations au-delà des frontières disciplinaires sont susceptibles de reformuler le concept de reconnaissance et de préparer son utilisation dans les analyses critiques des phénomènes politiques et sociaux prenant davantage en compte ses dimensions antagoniques et actionnelles.\n\nEnglish\n\n Towards An Antagonistic Reformulation of the Struggle for Recognition: Forum. IntroductionThe articles brought together in this volume are (mostly) the fruits of an international workshop held in Paris in June 2014, co-organised with Ole-Jacob Sending. Starting from a critical engagement with the recognition literature, its purpose was to chart a path back to Hegel, in order to mine the resources that a return to the original formulation of the struggle for recognition in the Phenomenology of Spirit provides for deepening contemporary understandings of the concept of recognition, beyond the “consensual” bend it has broadly taken in that literature, notwithstanding Axel Honneth’s focus on recognition as a struggle. Centred on this return to Hegel, the workshop brought together philosophers, political, social and international relations theorists, as well as sociologists and legal scholars. 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In order to understand how globalisation has specifically impacted the sphere of the cultural, it starts by examining the way cultural practises are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24970333" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article questions the assumption that globalisation has fostered cultural dialogue. In order to understand how globalisation has specifically impacted the sphere of the cultural, it starts by examining the way cultural practises are transformed in its wake. 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work_24970335 coauthored" data-work_id="24970335" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24970335/Shaming_to_green_Australia_Japan_relations_and_whales_and_tuna_compared">Shaming to green: Australia-Japan relations and whales and tuna compared</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this article, we consider how states wield shaming strategies to 'be green' and to try to influence other states to 'become green'environmentally responsible states. We compare Australia-Japan relations in the international politics of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24970335" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this article, we consider how states wield shaming strategies to 'be green' and to try to influence other states to 'become green'environmentally responsible states. We compare Australia-Japan relations in the international politics of whales and tuna, respectively, and show that only at the level of norms and identities, rather than material interests, can two seemingly contradictory behaviors be reconciled, where a country shames another in one case (whales) and deliberately spares it from shaming in another (tuna). We argue that each issue reveals two different ways in which Australia seeks to construct itself as an environmentally responsible state, following a 'preservationist' and a 'conservationist' paradigm, respectively. We thus contribute to the constructivist understanding of the role of norms of global environmental politics and of the links between norms, identities, and the choice of shaming as an instrument of foreign policy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24970335" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c2fa1bf2584c404f522c626f6a94f322" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49223076,"asset_id":24970335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49223076/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71680" href="https://uts.academia.edu/KateBarclay">Kate Barclay</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71680" type="text/json">{"id":71680,"first_name":"Kate","last_name":"Barclay","domain_name":"uts","page_name":"KateBarclay","display_name":"Kate Barclay","profile_url":"https://uts.academia.edu/KateBarclay","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71680/224030/14755164/s65_kate.barclay.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-24970335">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-24970335"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein">Charlotte Epstein</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-24970335'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-24970335').html(); 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24970389" data-work_id="24970389" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24970389/Ecosystemic_Approach">Ecosystemic Approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24970389" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5daf767b7bdde2946224054a7eaa8bb7" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24970389 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24970389"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24970389, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24970389", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24970389 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24970389").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24970390" data-work_id="24970390" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24970390/Precautionary_Principle">Precautionary Principle</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Charles Sabel and colleagues have also applied a pragmatist-inspired model of problem solving to public and private collaboration. They argue that successful and creative collaboration requires "learning by monitoring," in which multiple... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24970390" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Charles Sabel and colleagues have also applied a pragmatist-inspired model of problem solving to public and private collaboration. They argue that successful and creative collaboration requires "learning by monitoring," in which multiple parties appreciate the provisional nature of knowledge and recognize the importance of pursuing mutual intelligibility. Learning-by-monitoring requires parties to adopt an experimentalist stance toward learning and to pursue knowledge through joint inquiry and mutual observation. This learning-by-monitoring model has been used to explore the possibility of new forms of organizational and interorganizational collaboration in both the public and private sphere.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24970390" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb92dab81337e8def0077f6b96be64ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64685512,"asset_id":24970390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64685512/download_file?st=MTczOTkyMjA0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16325" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein">Charlotte Epstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16325" type="text/json">{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24970390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24970390"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24970390, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24970390", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24970390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24970390; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24970390"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24970390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24970390"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24970390; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24970390]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24970390").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24970390").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24970391" data-work_id="24970391" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24970391/Endangered_Species_Protection">Endangered Species Protection</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">process of attainment is encapsulated by empowerment here. The process relates to practical concerns about information sharing, local contributions to support the project, and the generation of local resources, whether tangible or in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24970391" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">process of attainment is encapsulated by empowerment here. The process relates to practical concerns about information sharing, local contributions to support the project, and the generation of local resources, whether tangible or in the form of social capital.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24970391" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a353b1f32fa221af74f9f83fd86f29a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64685462,"asset_id":24970391,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16325" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein">Charlotte Epstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16325" type="text/json">{"id":16325,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Epstein","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"CharlotteEpstein","display_name":"Charlotte Epstein","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/CharlotteEpstein","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16325/5528/53683/s65_charlotte.epstein.16325"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24970393 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24970393"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24970393, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24970393", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24970393 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden 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