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aria-live="polite">Scholarly Works (9 results)</h2></header><div class="c-sortpagination"><div class="c-sort"><div class="o-input__droplist1"><label for="c-sort1">Sort By:</label><select name="sort" id="c-sort1" form="facetForm"><option selected="" value="rel">Relevance</option><option value="a-title">A-Z By Title</option><option value="z-title">Z-A By Title</option><option value="a-author">A-Z By Author</option><option value="z-author">Z-A By Author</option><option value="asc">Date Ascending</option><option value="desc">Date Descending</option></select></div></div><input type="hidden" name="start" form="facetForm" value="0"/></div><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/0gz2598w"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Dynamic functional connectivity analysis reveals transient states of dysconnectivity in schizophrenia</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADamaraju%2C%20E">Damaraju, E</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAllen%2C%20EA">Allen, EA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABelger%2C%20A">Belger, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFord%2C%20JM">Ford, JM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcEwen%2C%20S">McEwen, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20DH">Mathalon, DH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMueller%2C%20BA">Mueller, BA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APearlson%2C%20GD">Pearlson, GD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APotkin%2C%20SG">Potkin, SG</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APreda%2C%20A">Preda, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATurner%2C%20JA">Turner, JA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVaidya%2C%20JG">Vaidya, JG</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3Avan%20Erp%2C%20TG">van Erp, TG</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACalhoun%2C%20VD">Calhoun, VD</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsf_postprints">UC San Francisco Previously Published Works</a> (2014)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by functional dysconnectivity or abnormal integration between distant brain regions. Recent functional imaging studies have implicated large-scale thalamo-cortical connectivity as being disrupted in patients. However, observed connectivity differences in schizophrenia have been inconsistent between studies, with reports of hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity between the same brain regions. Using resting state eyes-closed functional imaging and independent component analysis on a multi-site data that included 151 schizophrenia patients and 163 age- and gender matched healthy controls, we decomposed the functional brain data into 100 components and identified 47 as functionally relevant intrinsic connectivity networks. We subsequently evaluated group differences in functional network connectivity, both in a static sense, computed as the pairwise Pearson correlations between the full network time courses (5.4 minutes in length), and a dynamic sense, computed using sliding windows (44 s in length) and k-means clustering to characterize five discrete functional connectivity states. Static connectivity analysis revealed that compared to healthy controls, patients show significantly stronger connectivity, i.e., hyperconnectivity, between the thalamus and sensory networks (auditory, motor and visual), as well as reduced connectivity (hypoconnectivity) between sensory networks from all modalities. Dynamic analysis suggests that (1), on average, schizophrenia patients spend much less time than healthy controls in states typified by strong, large-scale connectivity, and (2), that abnormal connectivity patterns are more pronounced during these connectivity states. In particular, states exhibiting cortical-subcortical antagonism (anti-correlations) and strong positive connectivity between sensory networks are those that show the group differences of thalamic hyperconnectivity and sensory hypoconnectivity. Group differences are weak or absent during other connectivity states. Dynamic analysis also revealed hypoconnectivity between the putamen and sensory networks during the same states of thalamic hyperconnectivity; notably, this finding cannot be observed in the static connectivity analysis. Finally, in post-hoc analyses we observed that the relationships between sub-cortical low frequency power and connectivity with sensory networks is altered in patients, suggesting different functional interactions between sub-cortical nuclei and sensorimotor cortex during specific connectivity states. While important differences between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls have been identified, one should interpret the results with caution given the history of medication in patients. Taken together, our results support and expand current knowledge regarding dysconnectivity in schizophrenia, and strongly advocate the use of dynamic analyses to better account for and understand functional connectivity differences.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/0gz2598w"><img src="/cms-assets/bc3aea002c8a5ab7623863a54590b173ac2097b3bca5243962de3897f592ff00" alt="Cover page: Dynamic functional connectivity analysis reveals transient states of dysconnectivity in schizophrenia"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/9z17278g"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Deficient suppression of default mode regions during working memory in individuals with early psychosis and at clinical high-risk for psychosis</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFryer%2C%20SL">Fryer, SL</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20SW">Woods, SW</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKiehl%2C%20KA">Kiehl, KA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACalhoun%2C%20VD">Calhoun, VD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APearlson%2C%20GD">Pearlson, GD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARoach%2C%20BJ">Roach, BJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFord%2C%20JM">Ford, JM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASrihari%2C%20VH">Srihari, VH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20TH">McGlashan, TH</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20DH">Mathalon, DH</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsf_postprints">UC San Francisco Previously Published Works</a> (2013)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Background: The default mode network (DMN) is a set of brain regions typically activated at rest and suppressed during extrinsic cognition. Schizophrenia has been associated with deficient DMN suppression, though the extent to which DMN dysfunction predate</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/3nq7p0cz"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Moving beyond the 'CAP' of the Iceberg: Intrinsic connectivity networks in fMRI are continuously engaging and overlapping.</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AIraji%2C%20A">Iraji, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFaghiri%2C%20A">Faghiri, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFu%2C%20Z">Fu, Z</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKochunov%2C%20P">Kochunov, P</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAdhikari%2C%20BM">Adhikari, BM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABelger%2C%20A">Belger, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFord%2C%20JM">Ford, JM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcEwen%2C%20S">McEwen, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20DH">Mathalon, DH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APearlson%2C%20GD">Pearlson, GD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APotkin%2C%20SG">Potkin, SG</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APreda%2C%20A">Preda, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATurner%2C%20JA">Turner, JA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVan%20Erp%2C%20TGM">Van Erp, TGM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AChang%2C%20C">Chang, C</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACalhoun%2C%20VD">Calhoun, VD</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/uci_postprints">UC Irvine Previously Published Works</a> (2022)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging is currently the mainstay of functional neuroimaging and has allowed researchers to identify intrinsic connectivity networks (aka functional networks) at different spatial scales. However, little is known about the temporal profiles of these networks and whether it is best to model them as continuous phenomena in both space and time or, rather, as a set of temporally discrete events. Both categories have been supported by series of studies with promising findings. However, a critical question is whether focusing only on time points presumed to contain isolated neural events and disregarding the rest of the data is missing important information, potentially leading to misleading conclusions. In this work, we argue that brain networks identified within the spontaneous blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal are not limited to temporally sparse burst moments and that these event present time points (EPTs) contain valuable but incomplete information about the underlying functional patterns. We focus on the default mode and show evidence that is consistent with its continuous presence in the BOLD signal, including during the event absent time points (EATs), i.e., time points that exhibit minimum activity and are the least likely to contain an event. Moreover, our findings suggest that EPTs may not contain all the available information about their corresponding networks. We observe distinct default mode connectivity patterns obtained from all time points (AllTPs), EPTs, and EATs. We show evidence of robust relationships with schizophrenia symptoms that are both common and unique to each of the sets of time points (AllTPs, EPTs, EATs), likely related to transient patterns of connectivity. Together, these findings indicate the importance of leveraging the full temporal data in functional studies, including those using event-detection approaches.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/3nq7p0cz"><img src="/cms-assets/17a364309af31400c22152152780e2247e184f823342e69eee0c8075f1d2fc72" alt="Cover page: Moving beyond the 'CAP' of the Iceberg: Intrinsic connectivity networks in fMRI are continuously engaging and overlapping."/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/2462s0ft"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Spatial Dynamic Subspaces Encode Sex-Specific Schizophrenia Disruptions in Transient Network Overlap and its Links to Genetic Risk</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AIraji%2C%20A">Iraji, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AChen%2C%20J">Chen, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALewis%2C%20N">Lewis, N</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFaghiri%2C%20A">Faghiri, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFu%2C%20Z">Fu, Z</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAgcaoglu%2C%20O">Agcaoglu, O</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKochunov%2C%20P">Kochunov, P</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAdhikari%2C%20BM">Adhikari, BM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20DH">Mathalon, DH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APearlson%2C%20GD">Pearlson, GD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMacciardi%2C%20F">Macciardi, F</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APreda%2C%20A">Preda, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3Avan%20Erp%2C%20TGM">van Erp, TGM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABustillo%2C%20JR">Bustillo, JR</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AD%C3%ADaz-Caneja%2C%20CM">D铆az-Caneja, CM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAndr%C3%A9s-Camaz%C3%B3n%2C%20P">Andr茅s-Camaz贸n, P</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADhamala%2C%20M">Dhamala, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAdali%2C%20T">Adali, T</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACalhoun%2C%20VD">Calhoun, VD</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsf_postprints">UC San Francisco Previously Published Works</a> (2023)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">BACKGROUND: Recent advances in resting-state fMRI allow us to study spatial dynamics, the phenomenon of brain networks spatially evolving over time. However, most dynamic studies still use subject-specific, spatially-static nodes. As recent studies have demonstrated, incorporating time-resolved spatial properties is crucial for precise functional connectivity estimation and gaining unique insights into brain function. Nevertheless, estimating time-resolved networks poses challenges due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, limited information in short time segments, and uncertain identification of corresponding networks within and between subjects. METHODS: We adapt a reference-informed network estimation technique to capture time-resolved spatial networks and their dynamic spatial integration and segregation. We focus on time-resolved spatial functional network connectivity (spFNC), an estimate of network spatial coupling, to study sex-specific alterations in schizophrenia and their links to multi-factorial genomic data. RESULTS: Our findings are consistent with the dysconnectivity and neurodevelopment hypotheses and align with the cerebello-thalamo-cortical, triple-network, and frontoparietal dysconnectivity models, helping to unify them. The potential unification offers a new understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Notably, the posterior default mode/salience spFNC exhibits sex-specific schizophrenia alteration during the state with the highest global network integration and correlates with genetic risk for schizophrenia. This dysfunction is also reflected in high-dimensional (voxel-level) space in regions with weak functional connectivity to corresponding networks. CONCLUSIONS: Our method can effectively capture spatially dynamic networks, detect nuanced SZ effects, and reveal the intricate relationship of dynamic information to genomic data. The results also underscore the potential of dynamic spatial dependence and weak connectivity in the clinical landscape.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/2462s0ft"><img src="/cms-assets/ff61c663f5c4d3f54c5c3e79eb19f4c495bfd04bded1b88bece8b6486f63f03d" alt="Cover page: Spatial Dynamic Subspaces Encode Sex-Specific Schizophrenia Disruptions in Transient Network Overlap and its Links to Genetic Risk"/></a><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" class="c-scholworks__license"><img class="c-lazyimage" data-src="/images/cc-by-nc-nd-small.svg" alt="Creative Commons 'BY-NC-ND' version 4.0 license"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/167066qr"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Identifying canonical and replicable multi鈥恠cale intrinsic connectivity networks in 100k+ resting鈥恠tate fMRI datasets</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AIraji%2C%20A">Iraji, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFu%2C%20Z">Fu, Z</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFaghiri%2C%20A">Faghiri, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADuda%2C%20M">Duda, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AChen%2C%20J">Chen, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARachakonda%2C%20S">Rachakonda, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADeRamus%2C%20T">DeRamus, T</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKochunov%2C%20P">Kochunov, P</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAdhikari%2C%20BM">Adhikari, BM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABelger%2C%20A">Belger, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFord%2C%20JM">Ford, JM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20DH">Mathalon, DH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APearlson%2C%20GD">Pearlson, GD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APotkin%2C%20SG">Potkin, SG</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APreda%2C%20A">Preda, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATurner%2C%20JA">Turner, JA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3Avan%20Erp%2C%20TGM">van Erp, TGM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABustillo%2C%20JR">Bustillo, JR</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AYang%2C%20K">Yang, K</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AIshizuka%2C%20K">Ishizuka, K</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFaria%2C%20A">Faria, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASawa%2C%20A">Sawa, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHutchison%2C%20K">Hutchison, K</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AOsuch%2C%20EA">Osuch, EA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATheberge%2C%20J">Theberge, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAbbott%2C%20C">Abbott, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMueller%2C%20BA">Mueller, BA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AZhi%2C%20D">Zhi, D</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AZhuo%2C%20C">Zhuo, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20S">Liu, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AXu%2C%20Y">Xu, Y</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASalman%2C%20M">Salman, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20J">Liu, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADu%2C%20Y">Du, Y</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASui%2C%20J">Sui, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAdali%2C%20T">Adali, T</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACalhoun%2C%20VD">Calhoun, VD</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsf_postprints">UC San Francisco Previously Published Works</a> (2023)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Despite the known benefits of data-driven approaches, the lack of approaches for identifying functional neuroimaging patterns that capture both individual variations and inter-subject correspondence limits the clinical utility of rsfMRI and its application to single-subject analyses. Here, using rsfMRI data from over 100k individuals across private and public datasets, we identify replicable multi-spatial-scale canonical intrinsic connectivity network (ICN) templates via the use of multi-model-order independent component analysis (ICA). We also study the feasibility of estimating subject-specific ICNs via spatially constrained ICA. The results show that the subject-level ICN estimations vary as a function of the ICN itself, the data length, and the spatial resolution. In general, large-scale ICNs require less data to achieve specific levels of (within- and between-subject) spatial similarity with their templates. Importantly, increasing data length can reduce an ICN's subject-level specificity, suggesting longer scans may not always be desirable. We also find a positive linear relationship between data length and spatial smoothness (possibly due to averaging over intrinsic dynamics), suggesting studies examining optimized data length should consider spatial smoothness. Finally, consistency in spatial similarity between ICNs estimated using the full data and subsets across different data lengths suggests lower within-subject spatial similarity in shorter data is not wholly defined by lower reliability in ICN estimates, but may be an indication of meaningful brain dynamics which average out as data length increases.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/167066qr"><img src="/cms-assets/149197de91790452058f2612b08aead1c2a6ff039f9cb23bcb3a985c5a02720f" alt="Cover page: Identifying canonical and replicable multi鈥恠cale intrinsic connectivity networks in 100k+ resting鈥恠tate fMRI datasets"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/6d41r9t3"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3Avan%20Erp%2C%20TGM">van Erp, TGM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHibar%2C%20DP">Hibar, DP</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARasmussen%2C%20JM">Rasmussen, JM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGlahn%2C%20DC">Glahn, DC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APearlson%2C%20GD">Pearlson, GD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAndreassen%2C%20OA">Andreassen, OA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAgartz%2C%20I">Agartz, I</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWestlye%2C%20LT">Westlye, LT</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHaukvik%2C%20UK">Haukvik, UK</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADale%2C%20AM">Dale, AM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMelle%2C%20I">Melle, I</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHartberg%2C%20CB">Hartberg, CB</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGruber%2C%20O">Gruber, O</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKraemer%2C%20B">Kraemer, B</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AZilles%2C%20D">Zilles, D</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADonohoe%2C%20G">Donohoe, G</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKelly%2C%20S">Kelly, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcDonald%2C%20C">McDonald, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMorris%2C%20DW">Morris, DW</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20DM">Cannon, DM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACorvin%2C%20A">Corvin, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMachielsen%2C%20MWJ">Machielsen, MWJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKoenders%2C%20L">Koenders, L</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3Ade%20Haan%2C%20L">de Haan, L</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVeltman%2C%20DJ">Veltman, DJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASatterthwaite%2C%20TD">Satterthwaite, TD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWolf%2C%20DH">Wolf, DH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGur%2C%20RC">Gur, RC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGur%2C%20RE">Gur, RE</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APotkin%2C%20SG">Potkin, SG</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20DH">Mathalon, DH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMueller%2C%20BA">Mueller, BA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APreda%2C%20A">Preda, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMacciardi%2C%20F">Macciardi, F</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AEhrlich%2C%20S">Ehrlich, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalton%2C%20E">Walton, E</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHass%2C%20J">Hass, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACalhoun%2C%20VD">Calhoun, VD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABockholt%2C%20HJ">Bockholt, HJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASponheim%2C%20SR">Sponheim, SR</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AShoemaker%2C%20JM">Shoemaker, JM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3Avan%20Haren%2C%20NEM">van Haren, NEM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APol%2C%20HEH">Pol, HEH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AOphoff%2C%20RA">Ophoff, RA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKahn%2C%20RS">Kahn, RS</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARoiz-Santia%C3%B1ez%2C%20R">Roiz-Santia帽ez, R</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACrespo-Facorro%2C%20B">Crespo-Facorro, B</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWang%2C%20L">Wang, L</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAlpert%2C%20KI">Alpert, KI</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AJ%C3%B6nsson%2C%20EG">J枚nsson, EG</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADimitrova%2C%20R">Dimitrova, R</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABois%2C%20C">Bois, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWhalley%2C%20HC">Whalley, HC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcIntosh%2C%20AM">McIntosh, AM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALawrie%2C%20SM">Lawrie, SM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHashimoto%2C%20R">Hashimoto, R</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AThompson%2C%20PM">Thompson, PM</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATurner%2C%20JA">Turner, JA</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/uci_postprints">UC Irvine Previously Published Works</a> (2016)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">The profile of brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia is still not fully understood, despite decades of research using brain scans. To validate a prospective meta-analysis approach to analyzing multicenter neuroimaging data, we analyzed brain MRI scans from 2028 schizophrenia patients and 2540 healthy controls, assessed with standardized methods at 15 centers worldwide. We identified subcortical brain volumes that differentiated patients from controls, and ranked them according to their effect sizes. Compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia had smaller hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.46), amygdala (d=-0.31), thalamus (d=-0.31), accumbens (d=-0.25) and intracranial volumes (d=-0.12), as well as larger pallidum (d=0.21) and lateral ventricle volumes (d=0.37). Putamen and pallidum volume augmentations were positively associated with duration of illness and hippocampal deficits scaled with the proportion of unmedicated patients. Worldwide cooperative analyses of brain imaging data support a profile of subcortical abnormalities in schizophrenia, which is consistent with that based on traditional meta-analytic approaches. This first ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group study validates that collaborative data analyses can readily be used across brain phenotypes and disorders and encourages analysis and data sharing efforts to further our understanding of severe mental illness.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/6d41r9t3"><img src="/cms-assets/99d2edb5f849cbaddeca565d12a5f21e515abcaaeaa772ea23aa47c3e002a8e7" alt="Cover page: Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/8w0330x1"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium.</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3Avan%20Erp%2C%20TGM">van Erp, TGM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHibar%2C%20DP">Hibar, DP</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARasmussen%2C%20JM">Rasmussen, JM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGlahn%2C%20DC">Glahn, DC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APearlson%2C%20GD">Pearlson, GD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAndreassen%2C%20OA">Andreassen, OA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAgartz%2C%20I">Agartz, I</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWestlye%2C%20LT">Westlye, LT</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHaukvik%2C%20UK">Haukvik, UK</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADale%2C%20AM">Dale, AM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMelle%2C%20I">Melle, I</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHartberg%2C%20CB">Hartberg, CB</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGruber%2C%20O">Gruber, O</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKraemer%2C%20B">Kraemer, B</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AZilles%2C%20D">Zilles, D</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADonohoe%2C%20G">Donohoe, G</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKelly%2C%20S">Kelly, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcDonald%2C%20C">McDonald, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMorris%2C%20DW">Morris, DW</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20DM">Cannon, DM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACorvin%2C%20A">Corvin, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMachielsen%2C%20MWJ">Machielsen, MWJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKoenders%2C%20L">Koenders, L</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3Ade%20Haan%2C%20L">de Haan, L</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVeltman%2C%20DJ">Veltman, DJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASatterthwaite%2C%20TD">Satterthwaite, TD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWolf%2C%20DH">Wolf, DH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGur%2C%20RC">Gur, RC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGur%2C%20RE">Gur, RE</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APotkin%2C%20SG">Potkin, SG</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20DH">Mathalon, DH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMueller%2C%20BA">Mueller, BA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APreda%2C%20A">Preda, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APreda%2C%20A">Preda, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMacciardi%2C%20F">Macciardi, F</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AEhrlich%2C%20S">Ehrlich, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalton%2C%20E">Walton, E</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHass%2C%20J">Hass, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACalhoun%2C%20VD">Calhoun, VD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABockholt%2C%20HJ">Bockholt, HJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASponheim%2C%20SR">Sponheim, SR</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AShoemaker%2C%20JM">Shoemaker, JM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3Avan%20Haren%2C%20NEM">van Haren, NEM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHulshoff%20Pol%2C%20HE">Hulshoff Pol, HE</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AOphoff%2C%20RA">Ophoff, RA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKahn%2C%20RS">Kahn, RS</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARoiz-Santia%C3%B1ez%2C%20R">Roiz-Santia帽ez, R</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACrespo-Facorro%2C%20B">Crespo-Facorro, B</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWang%2C%20L">Wang, L</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAlpert%2C%20KI">Alpert, KI</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AJ%C3%B6nsson%2C%20EG">J枚nsson, EG</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADimitrova%2C%20R">Dimitrova, R</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABois%2C%20C">Bois, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWhalley%2C%20HC">Whalley, HC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcIntosh%2C%20AM">McIntosh, AM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALawrie%2C%20SM">Lawrie, SM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHashimoto%2C%20R">Hashimoto, R</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AThompson%2C%20PM">Thompson, PM</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATurner%2C%20JA">Turner, JA</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/uci_postprints">UC Irvine Previously Published Works</a> (2016)</div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/8w0330x1"><img src="/cms-assets/99d2edb5f849cbaddeca565d12a5f21e515abcaaeaa772ea23aa47c3e002a8e7" alt="Cover page: Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium."/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/21s2z3q6"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Subcortical volumetric abnormalities in bipolar disorder.</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHibar%2C%20DP">Hibar, DP</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWestlye%2C%20LT">Westlye, LT</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3Avan%20Erp%2C%20TGM">van Erp, TGM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARasmussen%2C%20J">Rasmussen, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALeonardo%2C%20CD">Leonardo, CD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFaskowitz%2C%20J">Faskowitz, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHaukvik%2C%20UK">Haukvik, UK</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHartberg%2C%20CB">Hartberg, CB</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADoan%2C%20NT">Doan, NT</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAgartz%2C%20I">Agartz, I</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADale%2C%20AM">Dale, AM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGruber%2C%20O">Gruber, O</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKr%C3%A4mer%2C%20B">Kr盲mer, B</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATrost%2C%20S">Trost, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiberg%2C%20B">Liberg, B</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAb%C3%A9%2C%20C">Ab茅, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AEkman%2C%20CJ">Ekman, CJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AIngvar%2C%20M">Ingvar, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALand%C3%A9n%2C%20M">Land茅n, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFears%2C%20SC">Fears, SC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFreimer%2C%20NB">Freimer, NB</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABearden%2C%20CE">Bearden, CE</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACosta%20Rica%2FColombia%20Consortium%20for%20Genetic%20Investigation%20of%20Bipolar%20Endophenotypes">Costa Rica/Colombia Consortium for Genetic Investigation of Bipolar Endophenotypes</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASprooten%2C%20E">Sprooten, E</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGlahn%2C%20DC">Glahn, DC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APearlson%2C%20GD">Pearlson, GD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AEmsell%2C%20L">Emsell, L</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKenney%2C%20J">Kenney, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AScanlon%2C%20C">Scanlon, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcDonald%2C%20C">McDonald, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20DM">Cannon, DM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAlmeida%2C%20J">Almeida, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVersace%2C%20A">Versace, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACaseras%2C%20X">Caseras, X</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALawrence%2C%20NS">Lawrence, NS</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APhillips%2C%20ML">Phillips, ML</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADima%2C%20D">Dima, D</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADelvecchio%2C%20G">Delvecchio, G</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFrangou%2C%20S">Frangou, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASatterthwaite%2C%20TD">Satterthwaite, TD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWolf%2C%20D">Wolf, D</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHouenou%2C%20J">Houenou, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHenry%2C%20C">Henry, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMalt%2C%20UF">Malt, UF</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AB%C3%B8en%2C%20E">B酶en, E</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AElvs%C3%A5shagen%2C%20T">Elvs氓shagen, T</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AYoung%2C%20AH">Young, AH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALloyd%2C%20AJ">Lloyd, AJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGoodwin%2C%20GM">Goodwin, GM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMackay%2C%20CE">Mackay, CE</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABourne%2C%20C">Bourne, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABilderbeck%2C%20A">Bilderbeck, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAbramovic%2C%20L">Abramovic, L</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABoks%2C%20MP">Boks, MP</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3Avan%20Haren%2C%20NEM">van Haren, NEM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AOphoff%2C%20RA">Ophoff, RA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKahn%2C%20RS">Kahn, RS</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABauer%2C%20M">Bauer, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APfennig%2C%20A">Pfennig, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAlda%2C%20M">Alda, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHajek%2C%20T">Hajek, T</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMwangi%2C%20B">Mwangi, B</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASoares%2C%20JC">Soares, JC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ANickson%2C%20T">Nickson, T</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADimitrova%2C%20R">Dimitrova, R</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASussmann%2C%20JE">Sussmann, JE</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHagenaars%2C%20S">Hagenaars, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWhalley%2C%20HC">Whalley, HC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcIntosh%2C%20AM">McIntosh, AM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AThompson%2C%20PM">Thompson, PM</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAndreassen%2C%20OA">Andreassen, OA</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/uci_postprints">UC Irvine Previously Published Works</a> (2016)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Considerable uncertainty exists about the defining brain changes associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Understanding and quantifying the sources of uncertainty can help generate novel clinical hypotheses about etiology and assist in the development of biomarkers for indexing disease progression and prognosis. Here we were interested in quantifying case-control differences in intracranial volume (ICV) and each of eight subcortical brain measures: nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, lateral ventricles. In a large study of 1710 BD patients and 2594 healthy controls, we found consistent volumetric reductions in BD patients for mean hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.232; P=3.50 脳 10<sup>-7</sup>) and thalamus (d=-0.148; P=4.27 脳 10<sup>-3</sup>) and enlarged lateral ventricles (d=-0.260; P=3.93 脳 10<sup>-5</sup>) in patients. No significant effect of age at illness onset was detected. Stratifying patients based on clinical subtype (BD type I or type II) revealed that BDI patients had significantly larger lateral ventricles and smaller hippocampus and amygdala than controls. However, when comparing BDI and BDII patients directly, we did not detect any significant differences in brain volume. This likely represents similar etiology between BD subtype classifications. Exploratory analyses revealed significantly larger thalamic volumes in patients taking lithium compared with patients not taking lithium. We detected no significant differences between BDII patients and controls in the largest such comparison to date. Findings in this study should be interpreted with caution and with careful consideration of the limitations inherent to meta-analyzed neuroimaging comparisons.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/21s2z3q6"><img src="/cms-assets/b6c98aa7f03f0b6d992c3cdf0355519066b3258d43b0efec127bfc7800bcd717" alt="Cover page: Subcortical volumetric abnormalities in bipolar disorder."/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/7k30h82r"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Cortical abnormalities in bipolar disorder: an MRI analysis of 6503 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group.</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHibar%2C%20DP">Hibar, DP</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWestlye%2C%20LT">Westlye, LT</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADoan%2C%20NT">Doan, NT</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AJahanshad%2C%20N">Jahanshad, N</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACheung%2C%20JW">Cheung, JW</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AChing%2C%20CRK">Ching, CRK</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVersace%2C%20A">Versace, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABilderbeck%2C%20AC">Bilderbeck, AC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AUhlmann%2C%20A">Uhlmann, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMwangi%2C%20B">Mwangi, B</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKr%C3%A4mer%2C%20B">Kr盲mer, B</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AOvers%2C%20B">Overs, B</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHartberg%2C%20CB">Hartberg, CB</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAb%C3%A9%2C%20C">Ab茅, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADima%2C%20D">Dima, D</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGrotegerd%2C%20D">Grotegerd, D</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASprooten%2C%20E">Sprooten, E</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AB%C3%B8en%2C%20E">B酶en, E</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AJimenez%2C%20E">Jimenez, E</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHowells%2C%20FM">Howells, FM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADelvecchio%2C%20G">Delvecchio, G</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATemmingh%2C%20H">Temmingh, H</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AStarke%2C%20J">Starke, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAlmeida%2C%20JRC">Almeida, JRC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGoikolea%2C%20JM">Goikolea, JM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHouenou%2C%20J">Houenou, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABeard%2C%20LM">Beard, LM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARauer%2C%20L">Rauer, L</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAbramovic%2C%20L">Abramovic, L</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABonnin%2C%20M">Bonnin, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APonteduro%2C%20MF">Ponteduro, MF</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKeil%2C%20M">Keil, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARive%2C%20MM">Rive, MM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AYao%2C%20N">Yao, N</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AYalin%2C%20N">Yalin, N</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ANajt%2C%20P">Najt, P</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARosa%2C%20PG">Rosa, PG</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARedlich%2C%20R">Redlich, R</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATrost%2C%20S">Trost, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHagenaars%2C%20S">Hagenaars, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFears%2C%20SC">Fears, SC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAlonso-Lana%2C%20S">Alonso-Lana, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3Avan%20Erp%2C%20TGM">van Erp, TGM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ANickson%2C%20T">Nickson, T</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AChaim-Avancini%2C%20TM">Chaim-Avancini, TM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMeier%2C%20TB">Meier, TB</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AElvs%C3%A5shagen%2C%20T">Elvs氓shagen, T</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHaukvik%2C%20UK">Haukvik, UK</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALee%2C%20WH">Lee, WH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASchene%2C%20AH">Schene, AH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALloyd%2C%20AJ">Lloyd, AJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AYoung%2C%20AH">Young, AH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ANugent%2C%20A">Nugent, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADale%2C%20AM">Dale, AM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APfennig%2C%20A">Pfennig, A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcIntosh%2C%20AM">McIntosh, AM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALafer%2C%20B">Lafer, B</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABaune%2C%20BT">Baune, BT</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AEkman%2C%20CJ">Ekman, CJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AZarate%2C%20CA">Zarate, CA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABearden%2C%20CE">Bearden, CE</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHenry%2C%20C">Henry, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASimhandl%2C%20C">Simhandl, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcDonald%2C%20C">McDonald, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABourne%2C%20C">Bourne, C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AStein%2C%20DJ">Stein, DJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWolf%2C%20DH">Wolf, DH</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20DM">Cannon, DM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGlahn%2C%20DC">Glahn, DC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVeltman%2C%20DJ">Veltman, DJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APomarol-Clotet%2C%20E">Pomarol-Clotet, E</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVieta%2C%20E">Vieta, E</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACanales-Rodriguez%2C%20EJ">Canales-Rodriguez, EJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ANery%2C%20FG">Nery, FG</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADuran%2C%20FLS">Duran, FLS</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABusatto%2C%20GF">Busatto, GF</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARoberts%2C%20G">Roberts, G</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APearlson%2C%20GD">Pearlson, GD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGoodwin%2C%20GM">Goodwin, GM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKugel%2C%20H">Kugel, H</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWhalley%2C%20HC">Whalley, HC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARuhe%2C%20HG">Ruhe, HG</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASoares%2C%20JC">Soares, JC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFullerton%2C%20JM">Fullerton, JM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARybakowski%2C%20JK">Rybakowski, JK</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASavitz%2C%20J">Savitz, J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AChaim%2C%20KT">Chaim, KT</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFatj%C3%B3-Vilas%2C%20M">Fatj贸-Vilas, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASoeiro-de-Souza%2C%20MG">Soeiro-de-Souza, MG</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABoks%2C%20MP">Boks, MP</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AZanetti%2C%20MV">Zanetti, MV</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AOtaduy%2C%20MCG">Otaduy, MCG</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASchaufelberger%2C%20MS">Schaufelberger, MS</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAlda%2C%20M">Alda, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AIngvar%2C%20M">Ingvar, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APhillips%2C%20ML">Phillips, ML</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKempton%2C%20MJ">Kempton, MJ</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABauer%2C%20M">Bauer, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALand%C3%A9n%2C%20M">Land茅n, M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALawrence%2C%20NS">Lawrence, NS</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3Avan%20Haren%2C%20NEM">van Haren, NEM</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHorn%2C%20NR">Horn, NR</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFreimer%2C%20NB">Freimer, NB</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGruber%2C%20O">Gruber, O</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASchofield%2C%20PR">Schofield, PR</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMitchell%2C%20PB">Mitchell, PB</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKahn%2C%20RS">Kahn, RS</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALenroot%2C%20R">Lenroot, R</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMachado-Vieira%2C%20R">Machado-Vieira, R</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AOphoff%2C%20RA">Ophoff, RA</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASarr%C3%B3%2C%20S">Sarr贸, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFrangou%2C%20S">Frangou, S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASatterthwaite%2C%20TD">Satterthwaite, TD</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHajek%2C%20T">Hajek, T</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADannlowski%2C%20U">Dannlowski, U</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMalt%2C%20UF">Malt, UF</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AArolt%2C%20V">Arolt, V</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGattaz%2C%20WF">Gattaz, WF</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADrevets%2C%20WC">Drevets, WC</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACaseras%2C%20X">Caseras, X</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAgartz%2C%20I">Agartz, I</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AThompson%2C%20PM">Thompson, PM</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAndreassen%2C%20OA">Andreassen, OA</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/uci_postprints">UC Irvine Previously Published Works</a> (2018)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not well understood. Structural brain differences have been associated with BD, but results from neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent. To address this, we performed the largest study to date of cortical gray matter thickness and surface area measures from brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of 6503 individuals including 1837 unrelated adults with BD and 2582 unrelated healthy controls for group differences while also examining the effects of commonly prescribed medications, age of illness onset, history of psychosis, mood state, age and sex differences on cortical regions. In BD, cortical gray matter was thinner in frontal, temporal and parietal regions of both brain hemispheres. BD had the strongest effects on left pars opercularis (Cohen's d=-0.293; P=1.71 脳 10<sup>-21</sup>), left fusiform gyrus (d=-0.288; P=8.25 脳 10<sup>-21</sup>) and left rostral middle frontal cortex (d=-0.276; P=2.99 脳 10<sup>-19</sup>). Longer duration of illness (after accounting for age at the time of scanning) was associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal, medial parietal and occipital regions. We found that several commonly prescribed medications, including lithium, antiepileptic and antipsychotic treatment showed significant associations with cortical thickness and surface area, even after accounting for patients who received multiple medications. We found evidence of reduced cortical surface area associated with a history of psychosis but no associations with mood state at the time of scanning. Our analysis revealed previously undetected associations and provides an extensive analysis of potential confounding variables in neuroimaging studies of BD.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/7k30h82r"><img src="/cms-assets/893b3a968c617285f53477c2ed3d8e7b423a0d77a4507792b7074450b7ab5fd0" alt="Cover page: Cortical abnormalities in bipolar disorder: an MRI analysis of 6503 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group."/></a><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="c-scholworks__license"><img class="c-lazyimage" data-src="/images/cc-by-small.svg" alt="Creative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license"/></a></div></section></section></main></form></div><div><div class="c-toplink"><a href="javascript:window.scrollTo(0, 0)">Top</a></div><footer class="c-footer"><nav class="c-footer__nav"><ul><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/aboutEschol">About eScholarship</a></li><li><a href="/campuses">Campus Sites</a></li><li><a href="/ucoapolicies">UC Open Access Policy</a></li><li><a href="/publishing">eScholarship Publishing</a></li><li><a href="https://www.cdlib.org/about/accessibility.html">Accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/privacypolicy">Privacy Statement</a></li><li><a href="/policies">Site Policies</a></li><li><a href="/terms">Terms of Use</a></li><li><a href="/login"><strong>Admin Login</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://help.escholarship.org"><strong>Help</strong></a></li></ul></nav><div class="c-footer__logo"><a href="/"><img class="c-lazyimage" data-src="/images/logo_footer-eschol.svg" alt="eScholarship, University of California"/></a></div><div class="c-footer__copyright">Powered by the<br/><a href="http://www.cdlib.org">California Digital Library</a><br/>Copyright 漏 2017<br/>The Regents of the University of California</div></footer></div></div></div></div> <script>window.jscholApp_initialPageData = {"header":{"campusID":"root","campusName":"eScholarship","ancestorID":null,"ancestorName":null,"campuses":[{"id":"","name":"eScholarship at..."},{"id":"ucb","name":"UC Berkeley"},{"id":"ucd","name":"UC Davis"},{"id":"uci","name":"UC Irvine"},{"id":"ucla","name":"UCLA"},{"id":"ucm","name":"UC Merced"},{"id":"ucr","name":"UC Riverside"},{"id":"ucsd","name":"UC San Diego"},{"id":"ucsf","name":"UCSF"},{"id":"ucsb","name":"UC Santa Barbara"},{"id":"ucsc","name":"UC Santa Cruz"},{"id":"ucop","name":"UC Office of the President"},{"id":"lbnl","name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"},{"id":"anrcs","name":"UC Agriculture & Natural Resources"}],"logo":null,"bgColor":null,"elColor":null,"directSubmit":null,"directSubmitURL":null,"directManageURLauthor":null,"directManageURLeditor":null,"nav_bar":[{"id":1,"name":"About eScholarship","type":"folder","sub_nav":[{"id":5,"name":"About 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Berkeley"},{"id":"ucd","name":"UC Davis"},{"id":"uci","name":"UC Irvine"},{"id":"ucla","name":"UCLA"},{"id":"ucm","name":"UC Merced"},{"id":"ucr","name":"UC Riverside"},{"id":"ucsd","name":"UC San Diego"},{"id":"ucsf","name":"UCSF"},{"id":"ucsb","name":"UC Santa Barbara"},{"id":"ucsc","name":"UC Santa Cruz"},{"id":"ucop","name":"UC Office of the President"},{"id":"lbnl","name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"},{"id":"anrcs","name":"UC Agriculture & Natural Resources"}],"query":{"q":"author:Pearlson, GD","sort":"rel","rows":"10","info_start":"0","start":"0","filters":{}},"count":9,"info_count":0,"infoResults":[],"searchResults":[{"id":"qt0gz2598w","title":"Dynamic functional connectivity analysis reveals transient states of dysconnectivity in schizophrenia","abstract":"Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by functional dysconnectivity or abnormal integration between distant brain regions. Recent functional imaging studies have implicated large-scale thalamo-cortical connectivity as being disrupted in patients. However, observed connectivity differences in schizophrenia have been inconsistent between studies, with reports of hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity between the same brain regions. Using resting state eyes-closed functional imaging and independent component analysis on a multi-site data that included 151 schizophrenia patients and 163 age- and gender matched healthy controls, we decomposed the functional brain data into 100 components and identified 47 as functionally relevant intrinsic connectivity networks. We subsequently evaluated group differences in functional network connectivity, both in a static sense, computed as the pairwise Pearson correlations between the full network time courses (5.4 minutes in length), and a dynamic sense, computed using sliding windows (44 s in length) and k-means clustering to characterize five discrete functional connectivity states. Static connectivity analysis revealed that compared to healthy controls, patients show significantly stronger connectivity, i.e., hyperconnectivity, between the thalamus and sensory networks (auditory, motor and visual), as well as reduced connectivity (hypoconnectivity) between sensory networks from all modalities. Dynamic analysis suggests that (1), on average, schizophrenia patients spend much less time than healthy controls in states typified by strong, large-scale connectivity, and (2), that abnormal connectivity patterns are more pronounced during these connectivity states. In particular, states exhibiting cortical-subcortical antagonism (anti-correlations) and strong positive connectivity between sensory networks are those that show the group differences of thalamic hyperconnectivity and sensory hypoconnectivity. Group differences are weak or absent during other connectivity states. Dynamic analysis also revealed hypoconnectivity between the putamen and sensory networks during the same states of thalamic hyperconnectivity; notably, this finding cannot be observed in the static connectivity analysis. Finally, in post-hoc analyses we observed that the relationships between sub-cortical low frequency power and connectivity with sensory networks is altered in patients, suggesting different functional interactions between sub-cortical nuclei and sensorimotor cortex during specific connectivity states. While important differences between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls have been identified, one should interpret the results with caution given the history of medication in patients. Taken together, our results support and expand current knowledge regarding dysconnectivity in schizophrenia, and strongly advocate the use of dynamic analyses to better account for and understand functional connectivity differences.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Damaraju, E","fname":"E","lname":"Damaraju"},{"name":"Allen, EA","fname":"EA","lname":"Allen"},{"name":"Belger, A","fname":"A","lname":"Belger"},{"name":"Ford, JM","fname":"JM","lname":"Ford"},{"name":"McEwen, S","fname":"S","lname":"McEwen"},{"name":"Mathalon, DH","email":"daniel.mathalon@ucsf.edu","fname":"DH","lname":"Mathalon","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-6090-4974"},{"name":"Mueller, BA","fname":"BA","lname":"Mueller"},{"name":"Pearlson, GD","fname":"GD","lname":"Pearlson"},{"name":"Potkin, SG","email":"sgpotkin@uci.edu","fname":"SG","lname":"Potkin"},{"name":"Preda, A","email":"apreda@uci.edu","fname":"A","lname":"Preda","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-3373-2438"},{"name":"Turner, JA","fname":"JA","lname":"Turner"},{"name":"Vaidya, JG","fname":"JG","lname":"Vaidya"},{"name":"van Erp, TG","email":"tvanerp@uci.edu","fname":"TG","lname":"van Erp","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-2465-2797"},{"name":"Calhoun, VD","fname":"VD","lname":"Calhoun"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":161,"asset_id":"bc3aea002c8a5ab7623863a54590b173ac2097b3bca5243962de3897f592ff00","timestamp":1441308595,"image_type":"jpeg"},"pub_year":2014,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Francisco Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsf_postprints"}},{"id":"qt9z17278g","title":"Deficient suppression of default mode regions during working memory in individuals with early psychosis and at clinical high-risk for psychosis","abstract":"Background: The default mode network (DMN) is a set of brain regions typically activated at rest and suppressed during extrinsic cognition. Schizophrenia has been associated with deficient DMN suppression, though the extent to which DMN dysfunction predate","content_type":null,"author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","email":"Daniel.Mathalon@ucsf.edu","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon","institution":"UCSF"},{"name":"Fryer, SL","fname":"SL","lname":"Fryer"},{"name":"Woods, SW","fname":"SW","lname":"Woods"},{"name":"Kiehl, KA","fname":"KA","lname":"Kiehl"},{"name":"Calhoun, VD","fname":"VD","lname":"Calhoun"},{"name":"Pearlson, GD","fname":"GD","lname":"Pearlson"},{"name":"Roach, BJ","fname":"BJ","lname":"Roach"},{"name":"Ford, JM","fname":"JM","lname":"Ford"},{"name":"Srihari, VH","fname":"VH","lname":"Srihari"},{"name":"McGlashan, TH","fname":"TH","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Mathalon, DH","fname":"DH","lname":"Mathalon"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":null,"pub_year":2013,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Francisco Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsf_postprints"}},{"id":"qt3nq7p0cz","title":"Moving beyond the 'CAP' of the Iceberg: Intrinsic connectivity networks in fMRI are continuously engaging and overlapping.","abstract":"Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging is currently the mainstay of functional neuroimaging and has allowed researchers to identify intrinsic connectivity networks (aka functional networks) at different spatial scales. However, little is known about the temporal profiles of these networks and whether it is best to model them as continuous phenomena in both space and time or, rather, as a set of temporally discrete events. Both categories have been supported by series of studies with promising findings. However, a critical question is whether focusing only on time points presumed to contain isolated neural events and disregarding the rest of the data is missing important information, potentially leading to misleading conclusions. In this work, we argue that brain networks identified within the spontaneous blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal are not limited to temporally sparse burst moments and that these event present time points (EPTs) contain valuable but incomplete information about the underlying functional patterns. We focus on the default mode and show evidence that is consistent with its continuous presence in the BOLD signal, including during the event absent time points (EATs), i.e., time points that exhibit minimum activity and are the least likely to contain an event. Moreover, our findings suggest that EPTs may not contain all the available information about their corresponding networks. We observe distinct default mode connectivity patterns obtained from all time points (AllTPs), EPTs, and EATs. We show evidence of robust relationships with schizophrenia symptoms that are both common and unique to each of the sets of time points (AllTPs, EPTs, EATs), likely related to transient patterns of connectivity. Together, these findings indicate the importance of leveraging the full temporal data in functional studies, including those using event-detection approaches.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Iraji, A","fname":"A","lname":"Iraji","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0605-593X"},{"name":"Faghiri, A","fname":"A","lname":"Faghiri"},{"name":"Fu, Z","fname":"Z","lname":"Fu"},{"name":"Kochunov, P","fname":"P","lname":"Kochunov"},{"name":"Adhikari, BM","fname":"BM","lname":"Adhikari"},{"name":"Belger, A","fname":"A","lname":"Belger"},{"name":"Ford, JM","fname":"JM","lname":"Ford"},{"name":"McEwen, S","fname":"S","lname":"McEwen"},{"name":"Mathalon, DH","email":"daniel.mathalon@ucsf.edu","fname":"DH","lname":"Mathalon","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-6090-4974"},{"name":"Pearlson, GD","fname":"GD","lname":"Pearlson"},{"name":"Potkin, SG","fname":"SG","lname":"Potkin"},{"name":"Preda, A","email":"apreda@uci.edu","fname":"A","lname":"Preda","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-3373-2438"},{"name":"Turner, JA","fname":"JA","lname":"Turner"},{"name":"Van Erp, TGM","email":"tvanerp@uci.edu","fname":"TGM","lname":"Van Erp","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-2465-2797"},{"name":"Chang, C","fname":"C","lname":"Chang"},{"name":"Calhoun, VD","fname":"VD","lname":"Calhoun","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-9058-0747"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":149,"asset_id":"17a364309af31400c22152152780e2247e184f823342e69eee0c8075f1d2fc72","timestamp":1658528914,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2022,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC Irvine Previously Published Works","link_path":"uci_postprints"}},{"id":"qt2462s0ft","title":"Spatial Dynamic Subspaces Encode Sex-Specific Schizophrenia Disruptions in Transient Network Overlap and its Links to Genetic Risk","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Recent advances in resting-state fMRI allow us to study spatial dynamics, the phenomenon of brain networks spatially evolving over time. However, most dynamic studies still use subject-specific, spatially-static nodes. As recent studies have demonstrated, incorporating time-resolved spatial properties is crucial for precise functional connectivity estimation and gaining unique insights into brain function. Nevertheless, estimating time-resolved networks poses challenges due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, limited information in short time segments, and uncertain identification of corresponding networks within and between subjects. METHODS: We adapt a reference-informed network estimation technique to capture time-resolved spatial networks and their dynamic spatial integration and segregation. We focus on time-resolved spatial functional network connectivity (spFNC), an estimate of network spatial coupling, to study sex-specific alterations in schizophrenia and their links to multi-factorial genomic data. RESULTS: Our findings are consistent with the dysconnectivity and neurodevelopment hypotheses and align with the cerebello-thalamo-cortical, triple-network, and frontoparietal dysconnectivity models, helping to unify them. The potential unification offers a new understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Notably, the posterior default mode/salience spFNC exhibits sex-specific schizophrenia alteration during the state with the highest global network integration and correlates with genetic risk for schizophrenia. This dysfunction is also reflected in high-dimensional (voxel-level) space in regions with weak functional connectivity to corresponding networks. CONCLUSIONS: Our method can effectively capture spatially dynamic networks, detect nuanced SZ effects, and reveal the intricate relationship of dynamic information to genomic data. The results also underscore the potential of dynamic spatial dependence and weak connectivity in the clinical landscape.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Iraji, A","fname":"A","lname":"Iraji"},{"name":"Chen, J","fname":"J","lname":"Chen"},{"name":"Lewis, N","fname":"N","lname":"Lewis"},{"name":"Faghiri, A","fname":"A","lname":"Faghiri"},{"name":"Fu, Z","fname":"Z","lname":"Fu"},{"name":"Agcaoglu, O","fname":"O","lname":"Agcaoglu"},{"name":"Kochunov, P","fname":"P","lname":"Kochunov"},{"name":"Adhikari, BM","fname":"BM","lname":"Adhikari"},{"name":"Mathalon, DH","email":"daniel.mathalon@ucsf.edu","fname":"DH","lname":"Mathalon","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-6090-4974"},{"name":"Pearlson, GD","fname":"GD","lname":"Pearlson"},{"name":"Macciardi, F","fname":"F","lname":"Macciardi"},{"name":"Preda, A","email":"apreda@uci.edu","fname":"A","lname":"Preda","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-3373-2438"},{"name":"van Erp, TGM","fname":"TGM","lname":"van Erp"},{"name":"Bustillo, JR","fname":"JR","lname":"Bustillo"},{"name":"D\u00EDaz-Caneja, CM","fname":"CM","lname":"D\u00EDaz-Caneja"},{"name":"Andr\u00E9s-Camaz\u00F3n, P","fname":"P","lname":"Andr\u00E9s-Camaz\u00F3n"},{"name":"Dhamala, M","fname":"M","lname":"Dhamala"},{"name":"Adali, T","fname":"T","lname":"Adali"},{"name":"Calhoun, VD","fname":"VD","lname":"Calhoun"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":163,"asset_id":"ff61c663f5c4d3f54c5c3e79eb19f4c495bfd04bded1b88bece8b6486f63f03d","timestamp":1726873812,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2023,"genre":"article","rights":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Francisco Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsf_postprints"}},{"id":"qt167066qr","title":"Identifying canonical and replicable multi\u2010scale intrinsic connectivity networks in 100k+ resting\u2010state fMRI datasets","abstract":"Despite the known benefits of data-driven approaches, the lack of approaches for identifying functional neuroimaging patterns that capture both individual variations and inter-subject correspondence limits the clinical utility of rsfMRI and its application to single-subject analyses. Here, using rsfMRI data from over 100k individuals across private and public datasets, we identify replicable multi-spatial-scale canonical intrinsic connectivity network (ICN) templates via the use of multi-model-order independent component analysis (ICA). We also study the feasibility of estimating subject-specific ICNs via spatially constrained ICA. The results show that the subject-level ICN estimations vary as a function of the ICN itself, the data length, and the spatial resolution. In general, large-scale ICNs require less data to achieve specific levels of (within- and between-subject) spatial similarity with their templates. Importantly, increasing data length can reduce an ICN's subject-level specificity, suggesting longer scans may not always be desirable. We also find a positive linear relationship between data length and spatial smoothness (possibly due to averaging over intrinsic dynamics), suggesting studies examining optimized data length should consider spatial smoothness. Finally, consistency in spatial similarity between ICNs estimated using the full data and subsets across different data lengths suggests lower within-subject spatial similarity in shorter data is not wholly defined by lower reliability in ICN estimates, but may be an indication of meaningful brain dynamics which average out as data length increases.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Iraji, A","fname":"A","lname":"Iraji"},{"name":"Fu, Z","fname":"Z","lname":"Fu"},{"name":"Faghiri, A","fname":"A","lname":"Faghiri"},{"name":"Duda, M","fname":"M","lname":"Duda"},{"name":"Chen, J","fname":"J","lname":"Chen"},{"name":"Rachakonda, S","fname":"S","lname":"Rachakonda"},{"name":"DeRamus, T","fname":"T","lname":"DeRamus"},{"name":"Kochunov, P","fname":"P","lname":"Kochunov"},{"name":"Adhikari, BM","fname":"BM","lname":"Adhikari"},{"name":"Belger, A","fname":"A","lname":"Belger"},{"name":"Ford, JM","fname":"JM","lname":"Ford"},{"name":"Mathalon, DH","email":"daniel.mathalon@ucsf.edu","fname":"DH","lname":"Mathalon","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-6090-4974"},{"name":"Pearlson, GD","fname":"GD","lname":"Pearlson"},{"name":"Potkin, SG","email":"sgpotkin@uci.edu","fname":"SG","lname":"Potkin","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-1028-1013"},{"name":"Preda, A","email":"apreda@uci.edu","fname":"A","lname":"Preda","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-3373-2438"},{"name":"Turner, JA","fname":"JA","lname":"Turner"},{"name":"van Erp, TGM","email":"tvanerp@uci.edu","fname":"TGM","lname":"van Erp","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-2465-2797"},{"name":"Bustillo, JR","fname":"JR","lname":"Bustillo"},{"name":"Yang, K","fname":"K","lname":"Yang"},{"name":"Ishizuka, K","fname":"K","lname":"Ishizuka"},{"name":"Faria, A","fname":"A","lname":"Faria"},{"name":"Sawa, A","fname":"A","lname":"Sawa"},{"name":"Hutchison, K","fname":"K","lname":"Hutchison"},{"name":"Osuch, EA","fname":"EA","lname":"Osuch"},{"name":"Theberge, J","fname":"J","lname":"Theberge"},{"name":"Abbott, C","fname":"C","lname":"Abbott"},{"name":"Mueller, BA","fname":"BA","lname":"Mueller"},{"name":"Zhi, D","fname":"D","lname":"Zhi"},{"name":"Zhuo, C","fname":"C","lname":"Zhuo"},{"name":"Liu, S","fname":"S","lname":"Liu"},{"name":"Xu, Y","fname":"Y","lname":"Xu"},{"name":"Salman, M","fname":"M","lname":"Salman"},{"name":"Liu, J","fname":"J","lname":"Liu"},{"name":"Du, Y","fname":"Y","lname":"Du"},{"name":"Sui, J","fname":"J","lname":"Sui"},{"name":"Adali, T","fname":"T","lname":"Adali"},{"name":"Calhoun, VD","fname":"VD","lname":"Calhoun"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":174,"asset_id":"149197de91790452058f2612b08aead1c2a6ff039f9cb23bcb3a985c5a02720f","timestamp":1700234723,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2023,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Francisco Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsf_postprints"}},{"id":"qt6d41r9t3","title":"Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium","abstract":"The profile of brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia is still not fully understood, despite decades of research using brain scans. To validate a prospective meta-analysis approach to analyzing multicenter neuroimaging data, we analyzed brain MRI scans from 2028 schizophrenia patients and 2540 healthy controls, assessed with standardized methods at 15 centers worldwide. We identified subcortical brain volumes that differentiated patients from controls, and ranked them according to their effect sizes. Compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia had smaller hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.46), amygdala (d=-0.31), thalamus (d=-0.31), accumbens (d=-0.25) and intracranial volumes (d=-0.12), as well as larger pallidum (d=0.21) and lateral ventricle volumes (d=0.37). Putamen and pallidum volume augmentations were positively associated with duration of illness and hippocampal deficits scaled with the proportion of unmedicated patients. Worldwide cooperative analyses of brain imaging data support a profile of subcortical abnormalities in schizophrenia, which is consistent with that based on traditional meta-analytic approaches. This first ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group study validates that collaborative data analyses can readily be used across brain phenotypes and disorders and encourages analysis and data sharing efforts to further our understanding of severe mental illness.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"van Erp, TGM","email":"tvanerp@uci.edu","fname":"TGM","lname":"van Erp","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-2465-2797"},{"name":"Hibar, DP","fname":"DP","lname":"Hibar"},{"name":"Rasmussen, JM","fname":"JM","lname":"Rasmussen"},{"name":"Glahn, DC","fname":"DC","lname":"Glahn"},{"name":"Pearlson, GD","fname":"GD","lname":"Pearlson"},{"name":"Andreassen, OA","fname":"OA","lname":"Andreassen"},{"name":"Agartz, I","fname":"I","lname":"Agartz"},{"name":"Westlye, LT","fname":"LT","lname":"Westlye"},{"name":"Haukvik, UK","fname":"UK","lname":"Haukvik"},{"name":"Dale, AM","email":"amdale@ucsd.edu","fname":"AM","lname":"Dale"},{"name":"Melle, I","fname":"I","lname":"Melle"},{"name":"Hartberg, CB","fname":"CB","lname":"Hartberg"},{"name":"Gruber, O","fname":"O","lname":"Gruber"},{"name":"Kraemer, B","fname":"B","lname":"Kraemer"},{"name":"Zilles, D","fname":"D","lname":"Zilles"},{"name":"Donohoe, G","fname":"G","lname":"Donohoe"},{"name":"Kelly, S","fname":"S","lname":"Kelly"},{"name":"McDonald, C","fname":"C","lname":"McDonald"},{"name":"Morris, DW","fname":"DW","lname":"Morris"},{"name":"Cannon, DM","fname":"DM","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Corvin, A","fname":"A","lname":"Corvin"},{"name":"Machielsen, MWJ","fname":"MWJ","lname":"Machielsen"},{"name":"Koenders, L","fname":"L","lname":"Koenders"},{"name":"de Haan, L","fname":"L","lname":"de Haan"},{"name":"Veltman, DJ","fname":"DJ","lname":"Veltman"},{"name":"Satterthwaite, TD","fname":"TD","lname":"Satterthwaite"},{"name":"Wolf, DH","fname":"DH","lname":"Wolf"},{"name":"Gur, RC","fname":"RC","lname":"Gur"},{"name":"Gur, RE","fname":"RE","lname":"Gur"},{"name":"Potkin, SG","email":"sgpotkin@uci.edu","fname":"SG","lname":"Potkin"},{"name":"Mathalon, DH","email":"daniel.mathalon@ucsf.edu","fname":"DH","lname":"Mathalon","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-6090-4974"},{"name":"Mueller, BA","fname":"BA","lname":"Mueller"},{"name":"Preda, A","fname":"A","lname":"Preda"},{"name":"Macciardi, F","email":"fmacciar@uci.edu","fname":"F","lname":"Macciardi","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-0537-4266"},{"name":"Ehrlich, S","fname":"S","lname":"Ehrlich"},{"name":"Walton, E","fname":"E","lname":"Walton"},{"name":"Hass, J","email":"jhass@ucdavis.edu","fname":"J","lname":"Hass","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-9019-4464"},{"name":"Calhoun, VD","fname":"VD","lname":"Calhoun"},{"name":"Bockholt, HJ","fname":"HJ","lname":"Bockholt"},{"name":"Sponheim, SR","fname":"SR","lname":"Sponheim"},{"name":"Shoemaker, JM","fname":"JM","lname":"Shoemaker"},{"name":"van Haren, NEM","fname":"NEM","lname":"van Haren"},{"name":"Pol, HEH","fname":"HEH","lname":"Pol"},{"name":"Ophoff, RA","email":"rophoff@mednet.ucla.edu","fname":"RA","lname":"Ophoff","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-8287-6457"},{"name":"Kahn, RS","fname":"RS","lname":"Kahn"},{"name":"Roiz-Santia\u00F1ez, R","fname":"R","lname":"Roiz-Santia\u00F1ez"},{"name":"Crespo-Facorro, B","fname":"B","lname":"Crespo-Facorro"},{"name":"Wang, L","fname":"L","lname":"Wang"},{"name":"Alpert, KI","fname":"KI","lname":"Alpert"},{"name":"J\u00F6nsson, EG","fname":"EG","lname":"J\u00F6nsson"},{"name":"Dimitrova, R","fname":"R","lname":"Dimitrova"},{"name":"Bois, C","fname":"C","lname":"Bois"},{"name":"Whalley, HC","fname":"HC","lname":"Whalley"},{"name":"McIntosh, AM","fname":"AM","lname":"McIntosh"},{"name":"Lawrie, SM","fname":"SM","lname":"Lawrie"},{"name":"Hashimoto, R","fname":"R","lname":"Hashimoto"},{"name":"Thompson, PM","fname":"PM","lname":"Thompson"},{"name":"Turner, JA","fname":"JA","lname":"Turner"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":162,"asset_id":"99d2edb5f849cbaddeca565d12a5f21e515abcaaeaa772ea23aa47c3e002a8e7","timestamp":1441307595,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2016,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC Irvine Previously Published Works","link_path":"uci_postprints"}},{"id":"qt8w0330x1","title":"Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium.","abstract":null,"content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"van Erp, TGM","email":"tvanerp@uci.edu","fname":"TGM","lname":"van Erp","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-2465-2797"},{"name":"Hibar, DP","fname":"DP","lname":"Hibar"},{"name":"Rasmussen, JM","fname":"JM","lname":"Rasmussen"},{"name":"Glahn, DC","fname":"DC","lname":"Glahn"},{"name":"Pearlson, GD","fname":"GD","lname":"Pearlson"},{"name":"Andreassen, OA","fname":"OA","lname":"Andreassen"},{"name":"Agartz, I","fname":"I","lname":"Agartz","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-9839-5391"},{"name":"Westlye, LT","fname":"LT","lname":"Westlye","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-8644-956X"},{"name":"Haukvik, UK","fname":"UK","lname":"Haukvik","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0363-4127"},{"name":"Dale, AM","email":"amdale@ucsd.edu","fname":"AM","lname":"Dale"},{"name":"Melle, I","fname":"I","lname":"Melle","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-9783-548X"},{"name":"Hartberg, CB","fname":"CB","lname":"Hartberg"},{"name":"Gruber, O","fname":"O","lname":"Gruber"},{"name":"Kraemer, B","fname":"B","lname":"Kraemer"},{"name":"Zilles, D","fname":"D","lname":"Zilles"},{"name":"Donohoe, G","fname":"G","lname":"Donohoe","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-3037-7426"},{"name":"Kelly, S","fname":"S","lname":"Kelly"},{"name":"McDonald, C","fname":"C","lname":"McDonald"},{"name":"Morris, DW","fname":"DW","lname":"Morris"},{"name":"Cannon, DM","fname":"DM","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Corvin, A","fname":"A","lname":"Corvin","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-6717-4089"},{"name":"Machielsen, MWJ","fname":"MWJ","lname":"Machielsen"},{"name":"Koenders, L","fname":"L","lname":"Koenders"},{"name":"de Haan, L","fname":"L","lname":"de Haan"},{"name":"Veltman, DJ","fname":"DJ","lname":"Veltman"},{"name":"Satterthwaite, TD","fname":"TD","lname":"Satterthwaite","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-7072-9399"},{"name":"Wolf, DH","fname":"DH","lname":"Wolf","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-9731-8781"},{"name":"Gur, RC","fname":"RC","lname":"Gur"},{"name":"Gur, RE","fname":"RE","lname":"Gur"},{"name":"Potkin, SG","fname":"SG","lname":"Potkin"},{"name":"Mathalon, DH","email":"daniel.mathalon@ucsf.edu","fname":"DH","lname":"Mathalon","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-6090-4974"},{"name":"Mueller, BA","fname":"BA","lname":"Mueller"},{"name":"Preda, A","email":"apreda@uci.edu","fname":"A","lname":"Preda","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-3373-2438"},{"name":"Preda, A","fname":"A","lname":"Preda","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-2456-2713"},{"name":"Macciardi, F","email":"fmacciar@uci.edu","fname":"F","lname":"Macciardi","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-0537-4266"},{"name":"Ehrlich, S","fname":"S","lname":"Ehrlich","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-2132-4445"},{"name":"Walton, E","fname":"E","lname":"Walton","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0935-2200"},{"name":"Hass, J","fname":"J","lname":"Hass"},{"name":"Calhoun, VD","fname":"VD","lname":"Calhoun","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-9058-0747"},{"name":"Bockholt, HJ","fname":"HJ","lname":"Bockholt"},{"name":"Sponheim, SR","fname":"SR","lname":"Sponheim","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-2782-0856"},{"name":"Shoemaker, JM","fname":"JM","lname":"Shoemaker"},{"name":"van Haren, NEM","fname":"NEM","lname":"van Haren"},{"name":"Hulshoff Pol, HE","fname":"HE","lname":"Hulshoff Pol"},{"name":"Ophoff, RA","email":"rophoff@mednet.ucla.edu","fname":"RA","lname":"Ophoff","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-8287-6457"},{"name":"Kahn, RS","fname":"RS","lname":"Kahn"},{"name":"Roiz-Santia\u00F1ez, R","fname":"R","lname":"Roiz-Santia\u00F1ez","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-5176-2983"},{"name":"Crespo-Facorro, B","fname":"B","lname":"Crespo-Facorro","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-0033-7132"},{"name":"Wang, L","fname":"L","lname":"Wang"},{"name":"Alpert, KI","fname":"KI","lname":"Alpert"},{"name":"J\u00F6nsson, EG","fname":"EG","lname":"J\u00F6nsson","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-8368-6332"},{"name":"Dimitrova, R","fname":"R","lname":"Dimitrova","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-6903-7990"},{"name":"Bois, C","fname":"C","lname":"Bois"},{"name":"Whalley, HC","fname":"HC","lname":"Whalley","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-4505-8869"},{"name":"McIntosh, AM","fname":"AM","lname":"McIntosh","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0198-4588"},{"name":"Lawrie, SM","fname":"SM","lname":"Lawrie","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-2444-5675"},{"name":"Hashimoto, R","fname":"R","lname":"Hashimoto"},{"name":"Thompson, PM","fname":"PM","lname":"Thompson"},{"name":"Turner, JA","fname":"JA","lname":"Turner"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":162,"asset_id":"99d2edb5f849cbaddeca565d12a5f21e515abcaaeaa772ea23aa47c3e002a8e7","timestamp":1441306873,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2016,"genre":"non-textual","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC Irvine Previously Published Works","link_path":"uci_postprints"}},{"id":"qt21s2z3q6","title":"Subcortical volumetric abnormalities in bipolar disorder.","abstract":"Considerable uncertainty exists about the defining brain changes associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Understanding and quantifying the sources of uncertainty can help generate novel clinical hypotheses about etiology and assist in the development of biomarkers for indexing disease progression and prognosis. Here we were interested in quantifying case-control differences in intracranial volume (ICV) and each of eight subcortical brain measures: nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, lateral ventricles. In a large study of 1710 BD patients and 2594 healthy controls, we found consistent volumetric reductions in BD patients for mean hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.232; P=3.50 \u00D7 10<sup>-7</sup>) and thalamus (d=-0.148; P=4.27 \u00D7 10<sup>-3</sup>) and enlarged lateral ventricles (d=-0.260; P=3.93 \u00D7 10<sup>-5</sup>) in patients. No significant effect of age at illness onset was detected. Stratifying patients based on clinical subtype (BD type I or type II) revealed that BDI patients had significantly larger lateral ventricles and smaller hippocampus and amygdala than controls. However, when comparing BDI and BDII patients directly, we did not detect any significant differences in brain volume. This likely represents similar etiology between BD subtype classifications. Exploratory analyses revealed significantly larger thalamic volumes in patients taking lithium compared with patients not taking lithium. We detected no significant differences between BDII patients and controls in the largest such comparison to date. Findings in this study should be interpreted with caution and with careful consideration of the limitations inherent to meta-analyzed neuroimaging comparisons.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Hibar, DP","fname":"DP","lname":"Hibar"},{"name":"Westlye, LT","fname":"LT","lname":"Westlye","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-8644-956X"},{"name":"van Erp, TGM","email":"tvanerp@uci.edu","fname":"TGM","lname":"van Erp","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-2465-2797"},{"name":"Rasmussen, J","fname":"J","lname":"Rasmussen"},{"name":"Leonardo, CD","fname":"CD","lname":"Leonardo"},{"name":"Faskowitz, J","fname":"J","lname":"Faskowitz"},{"name":"Haukvik, UK","fname":"UK","lname":"Haukvik","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0363-4127"},{"name":"Hartberg, CB","fname":"CB","lname":"Hartberg"},{"name":"Doan, NT","fname":"NT","lname":"Doan"},{"name":"Agartz, I","fname":"I","lname":"Agartz"},{"name":"Dale, AM","email":"amdale@ucsd.edu","fname":"AM","lname":"Dale"},{"name":"Gruber, O","fname":"O","lname":"Gruber"},{"name":"Kr\u00E4mer, B","fname":"B","lname":"Kr\u00E4mer"},{"name":"Trost, S","fname":"S","lname":"Trost","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-5740-8574"},{"name":"Liberg, B","fname":"B","lname":"Liberg"},{"name":"Ab\u00E9, C","fname":"C","lname":"Ab\u00E9","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-1680-8480"},{"name":"Ekman, CJ","fname":"CJ","lname":"Ekman","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-3770-9385"},{"name":"Ingvar, M","fname":"M","lname":"Ingvar","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-9041-5714"},{"name":"Land\u00E9n, M","fname":"M","lname":"Land\u00E9n"},{"name":"Fears, SC","fname":"SC","lname":"Fears"},{"name":"Freimer, NB","email":"nfreimer@mednet.ucla.edu","fname":"NB","lname":"Freimer","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-3586-6587"},{"name":"Bearden, CE","email":"cbearden@mednet.ucla.edu","fname":"CE","lname":"Bearden","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-8516-923X"},{"name":"Costa Rica/Colombia Consortium for Genetic Investigation of Bipolar Endophenotypes","lname":"Costa Rica/Colombia Consortium for Genetic Investigation of Bipolar Endophenotypes"},{"name":"Sprooten, E","fname":"E","lname":"Sprooten","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-1691-9105"},{"name":"Glahn, DC","fname":"DC","lname":"Glahn"},{"name":"Pearlson, GD","fname":"GD","lname":"Pearlson"},{"name":"Emsell, L","fname":"L","lname":"Emsell","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-0011-4158"},{"name":"Kenney, J","fname":"J","lname":"Kenney","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-6507-7063"},{"name":"Scanlon, C","fname":"C","lname":"Scanlon"},{"name":"McDonald, C","fname":"C","lname":"McDonald"},{"name":"Cannon, DM","fname":"DM","lname":"Cannon","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-7378-3411"},{"name":"Almeida, J","fname":"J","lname":"Almeida"},{"name":"Versace, A","fname":"A","lname":"Versace"},{"name":"Caseras, X","fname":"X","lname":"Caseras","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-8490-6891"},{"name":"Lawrence, NS","fname":"NS","lname":"Lawrence","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-1969-6637"},{"name":"Phillips, ML","fname":"ML","lname":"Phillips"},{"name":"Dima, D","fname":"D","lname":"Dima","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-2598-0952"},{"name":"Delvecchio, G","fname":"G","lname":"Delvecchio","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-4750-1980"},{"name":"Frangou, S","fname":"S","lname":"Frangou","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-3210-6470"},{"name":"Satterthwaite, TD","fname":"TD","lname":"Satterthwaite","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-7072-9399"},{"name":"Wolf, D","fname":"D","lname":"Wolf"},{"name":"Houenou, J","fname":"J","lname":"Houenou","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-3166-5606"},{"name":"Henry, C","fname":"C","lname":"Henry"},{"name":"Malt, UF","fname":"UF","lname":"Malt","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-9881-2511"},{"name":"B\u00F8en, E","fname":"E","lname":"B\u00F8en"},{"name":"Elvs\u00E5shagen, T","fname":"T","lname":"Elvs\u00E5shagen"},{"name":"Young, AH","fname":"AH","lname":"Young","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-2291-6952"},{"name":"Lloyd, AJ","fname":"AJ","lname":"Lloyd"},{"name":"Goodwin, GM","fname":"GM","lname":"Goodwin"},{"name":"Mackay, CE","fname":"CE","lname":"Mackay","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-6111-8318"},{"name":"Bourne, C","fname":"C","lname":"Bourne"},{"name":"Bilderbeck, 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S","fname":"S","lname":"Hagenaars","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-9697-8596"},{"name":"Whalley, HC","fname":"HC","lname":"Whalley","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-4505-8869"},{"name":"McIntosh, AM","fname":"AM","lname":"McIntosh","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0198-4588"},{"name":"Thompson, PM","fname":"PM","lname":"Thompson","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-4720-8867"},{"name":"Andreassen, OA","fname":"OA","lname":"Andreassen"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":162,"asset_id":"b6c98aa7f03f0b6d992c3cdf0355519066b3258d43b0efec127bfc7800bcd717","timestamp":1488920830,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2016,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC Irvine Previously Published Works","link_path":"uci_postprints"}},{"id":"qt7k30h82r","title":"Cortical abnormalities in bipolar disorder: an MRI analysis of 6503 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group.","abstract":"Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not well understood. Structural brain differences have been associated with BD, but results from neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent. To address this, we performed the largest study to date of cortical gray matter thickness and surface area measures from brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of 6503 individuals including 1837 unrelated adults with BD and 2582 unrelated healthy controls for group differences while also examining the effects of commonly prescribed medications, age of illness onset, history of psychosis, mood state, age and sex differences on cortical regions. In BD, cortical gray matter was thinner in frontal, temporal and parietal regions of both brain hemispheres. BD had the strongest effects on left pars opercularis (Cohen's d=-0.293; P=1.71 \u00D7 10<sup>-21</sup>), left fusiform gyrus (d=-0.288; P=8.25 \u00D7 10<sup>-21</sup>) and left rostral middle frontal cortex (d=-0.276; P=2.99 \u00D7 10<sup>-19</sup>). Longer duration of illness (after accounting for age at the time of scanning) was associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal, medial parietal and occipital regions. We found that several commonly prescribed medications, including lithium, antiepileptic and antipsychotic treatment showed significant associations with cortical thickness and surface area, even after accounting for patients who received multiple medications. We found evidence of reduced cortical surface area associated with a history of psychosis but no associations with mood state at the time of scanning. Our analysis revealed previously undetected associations and provides an extensive analysis of potential confounding variables in neuroimaging studies of BD.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Hibar, DP","fname":"DP","lname":"Hibar"},{"name":"Westlye, LT","fname":"LT","lname":"Westlye","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-8644-956X"},{"name":"Doan, NT","fname":"NT","lname":"Doan"},{"name":"Jahanshad, N","fname":"N","lname":"Jahanshad"},{"name":"Cheung, JW","fname":"JW","lname":"Cheung"},{"name":"Ching, CRK","fname":"CRK","lname":"Ching"},{"name":"Versace, A","fname":"A","lname":"Versace"},{"name":"Bilderbeck, AC","fname":"AC","lname":"Bilderbeck"},{"name":"Uhlmann, A","fname":"A","lname":"Uhlmann","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-1753-7811"},{"name":"Mwangi, B","fname":"B","lname":"Mwangi"},{"name":"Kr\u00E4mer, B","fname":"B","lname":"Kr\u00E4mer"},{"name":"Overs, B","fname":"B","lname":"Overs","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-7138-5556"},{"name":"Hartberg, CB","fname":"CB","lname":"Hartberg"},{"name":"Ab\u00E9, C","fname":"C","lname":"Ab\u00E9","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-1680-8480"},{"name":"Dima, D","fname":"D","lname":"Dima","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-2598-0952"},{"name":"Grotegerd, D","fname":"D","lname":"Grotegerd"},{"name":"Sprooten, E","fname":"E","lname":"Sprooten","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-1691-9105"},{"name":"B\u00F8en, E","fname":"E","lname":"B\u00F8en"},{"name":"Jimenez, E","fname":"E","lname":"Jimenez","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-6929-6207"},{"name":"Howells, FM","fname":"FM","lname":"Howells","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-9759-2556"},{"name":"Delvecchio, G","fname":"G","lname":"Delvecchio","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-4750-1980"},{"name":"Temmingh, H","fname":"H","lname":"Temmingh"},{"name":"Starke, J","fname":"J","lname":"Starke"},{"name":"Almeida, JRC","fname":"JRC","lname":"Almeida"},{"name":"Goikolea, JM","fname":"JM","lname":"Goikolea"},{"name":"Houenou, J","fname":"J","lname":"Houenou","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-3166-5606"},{"name":"Beard, LM","fname":"LM","lname":"Beard"},{"name":"Rauer, L","fname":"L","lname":"Rauer"},{"name":"Abramovic, L","fname":"L","lname":"Abramovic"},{"name":"Bonnin, M","fname":"M","lname":"Bonnin"},{"name":"Ponteduro, MF","fname":"MF","lname":"Ponteduro"},{"name":"Keil, M","fname":"M","lname":"Keil"},{"name":"Rive, MM","fname":"MM","lname":"Rive"},{"name":"Yao, N","fname":"N","lname":"Yao"},{"name":"Yalin, N","fname":"N","lname":"Yalin","ORCID_id":"0000-0003-4298-5074"},{"name":"Najt, P","fname":"P","lname":"Najt","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-4263-3880"},{"name":"Rosa, PG","fname":"PG","lname":"Rosa"},{"name":"Redlich, R","fname":"R","lname":"Redlich"},{"name":"Trost, S","fname":"S","lname":"Trost","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-5740-8574"},{"name":"Hagenaars, S","fname":"S","lname":"Hagenaars","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-9697-8596"},{"name":"Fears, SC","fname":"SC","lname":"Fears"},{"name":"Alonso-Lana, S","fname":"S","lname":"Alonso-Lana","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-3063-6929"},{"name":"van Erp, 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