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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div 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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-全球排名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#全球排名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>全球排名</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-全球排名-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关全球排名子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-全球排名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-主要世界排名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要世界排名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>主要世界排名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要世界排名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-QS世界大学排名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#QS世界大学排名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>QS世界大学排名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-QS世界大学排名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-世界大学学术排名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#世界大学学术排名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>世界大学学术排名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-世界大学学术排名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._News全球大學排行榜" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._News全球大學排行榜"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>U.S. News全球大學排行榜</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._News全球大學排行榜-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他世界排名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他世界排名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>其他世界排名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他世界排名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-特色排名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特色排名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>特色排名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-特色排名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-废止排名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#废止排名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>废止排名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-废止排名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-国家或地区排名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#国家或地区排名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>国家或地区排名</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-国家或地区排名-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关国家或地区排名子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-国家或地区排名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-臺灣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臺灣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>臺灣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臺灣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关争议" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关争议"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>相关争议</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关争议-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关条目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关条目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>相关条目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关条目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">大學排名</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。29种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="تصنيف الجامعات والكليات – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تصنيف الجامعات والكليات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0" title="Класация на висши училища – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Класация на висши училища" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B0%E2%80%8C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="কলেজ এবং বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের র‌্যাঙ্কিং – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কলেজ এবং বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের র‌্যাঙ্কিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A0nquing_d%27universitats" title="Rànquing d'universitats – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rànquing d'universitats" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochschulranking" title="Hochschulranking – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hochschulranking" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="College and university rankings" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_acad%C3%A9mica_de_universidades" title="Clasificación académica de universidades – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clasificación académica de universidades" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B5rgkoolide_pingerida" title="Kõrgkoolide pingerida – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kõrgkoolide pingerida" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسه‌های آموزش عالی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسه‌های آموزش عالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yliopistoranking" title="Yliopistoranking – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yliopistoranking" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classement_international_des_universit%C3%A9s" title="Classement international des universités – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classement international des universités" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%91%D7%95%D7%94%D7%94" title="דירוג מוסדות להשכלה גבוהה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דירוג מוסדות להשכלה גבוהה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C5%91iskol%C3%A1k_%C3%A9s_egyetemek_rangsorai" title="Főiskolák és egyetemek rangsorai – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Főiskolák és egyetemek rangsorai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peringkat_perguruan_tinggi_dan_universitas" title="Peringkat perguruan tinggi dan universitas – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peringkat perguruan tinggi dan universitas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="世界大学ランキング – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="世界大学ランキング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99_%EC%88%9C%EC%9C%84" title="대학 순위 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대학 순위" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Колледжтердин жана университеттердин рейтингтери – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Колледжтердин жана университеттердин рейтингтери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitet%C5%B3_reitingas" title="Universitetų reitingas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Universitetų reitingas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemeringkatan_kolej_dan_universiti" title="Pemeringkatan kolej dan universiti – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemeringkatan kolej dan universiti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetsrangering" title="Universitetsrangering – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Universitetsrangering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_das_melhores_universidades_do_mundo" title="Lista das melhores universidades do mundo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista das melhores universidades do mundo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Ранжирование колледжей и университетов – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ранжирование колледжей и университетов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="College and university rankings" 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href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2" title="การจัดอันดับสถาบันอุดมศึกษา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การจัดอันดับสถาบันอุดมศึกษา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cniversite_s%C4%B1ralamalar%C4%B1" title="Üniversite sıralamaları – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Üniversite sıralamaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Рейтингування закладів вищої освіти – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рейтингування закладів вищої освіти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="大学排名 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大学排名" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q847843#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" class="extiw" title="en:College and university rankings">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2023年3月2日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>大学排名</b>（英語：<span lang="en">College and University Ranking</span>）指的是根据不同的因素对<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="高等教育">高等教育</a>中的最好机构进行排名。一些排名是针对单个国家或地区的机构进行排名，而另一些排名则是针对全球范围内的机构进行排名。排名通常由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97" title="杂志">杂志</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="报纸">报纸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="网站">网站</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="政府">政府</a>或学术机构进行。排名除了可以针对整个机构外，还可以针对特定的项目、院系或学校而进行。一些排名以<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91" title="基金">机构资金</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="研究">研究</a>成绩、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大学录取测验" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="University and college admission"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%BD%95%E5%8F%96%E6%B5%8B%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大学录取测验（页面不存在）">录取难度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_and_college_admission" class="extiw" title="en:University and college admission"><span lang="en" dir="auto">University and college admission</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%A1%E5%8F%8B" title="校友">校友</a>成功为衡量标准；也有一些排名还可能考虑专业知识、学生选择、奖项数量、国际化、毕业生就业、产业联系、历史声誉和其他标准的各种组合。 </p><p>排名最初是为了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%A7%91%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="本科生">本科生</a>和他们的父母而建立的，<sup id="cite_ref-scidev_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scidev-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 但关于排名的解释、准确性和实用性存在着很多争议。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 评选<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6" title="方法学">方式</a>多样性的不断扩大以及随之而来针对每种评选方式的批评都表明在该领域缺乏共识。此外，似乎有可能通过过度的自我引用或研究人员在调查中相互支持来操纵排名系统。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 事实上，国际研究显示表明优秀学生认为大学排名靠前能带来特别的利益，积极地影响他们的职业机会和人生质量。排名靠前的大学常常收到更多的学生申请，而排名靠后的大学生源数量可能下降。然而，排名影响着一大批利益攸关方的选择和决定。而大学本身用许多方式使用排名，其中一些是正向的，而有一些是负向的。<sup id="cite_ref-scidev_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scidev-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国教科文组织">联合国教科文组织</a>虽然质疑大学排名“弊大于利”，但也承认“无论对错，排名被视为一种衡量质量的标准，因此在世界各地的大学之间造成了激烈的竞争。”<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="全球排名"><span id=".E5.85.A8.E7.90.83.E6.8E.92.E5.90.8D"></span>全球排名</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：全球排名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在所有的全球大学排名中，历史最悠久并影响力最深远的大学排名为<a href="/wiki/Quacquarelli_Symonds" title="Quacquarelli Symonds">夸夸雷利·西蒙兹</a>的“<a href="/wiki/QS%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="QS世界大学排名">QS世界大学排名</a>”、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="泰晤士高等教育">泰晤士高等教育</a>》的“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名">THE世界大学排名</a>”，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%9F%E7%A7%91%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E8%AB%AE%E8%A9%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="上海軟科教育信息諮詢公司">上海软科教育信息谘询公司</a>的“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="世界大学学术排名">世界大学学术排名</a>”和《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93" title="美国新闻与世界报道">美国新闻与世界报道</a>》的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E8%88%87%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A0%B1%E9%81%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="美國新聞與世界報道大學排名">U.S. News全球最佳大學排名</a>》。上述四个排名及其他全球主要大学排名都是基于大学的研究表现，而并非它们的教学表现。<sup id="cite_ref-Altbach_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altbach-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bekhradnia_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bekhradnia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Qiang_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qiang-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 这些被批评为“主要基于可以衡量的内容，而不是与大学必然相关和重要的内容”，<sup id="cite_ref-Qiang_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qiang-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 并且全球可用数据的有效性也受到质疑。<sup id="cite_ref-Bekhradnia_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bekhradnia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 截至2021年，在三个最受欢迎的全球排名中，“全球排名前十的机构中的大多数位于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="南英格蘭">南英格兰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="加利福尼亚州">加利福尼亚州</a>、三州地区（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="纽约州">纽约州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="新泽西州">新泽西州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%B6%85%E7%8B%84%E6%A0%BC%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="康涅狄格州">康涅狄格州</a>）和附近的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="马萨诸塞州">马萨诸塞州</a>。”<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>虽然一些排名试图使用师生比例等指标来衡量教学，但高等教育政策研究所指出，所使用的指标与研究的关系比教学质量更密切，例如 “师生比例几乎是衡量研究活动的直接指标”，“博士生比例在很大程度上也是研究活动的指标”。<sup id="cite_ref-Bekhradnia_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bekhradnia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高等教育内幕" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Inside Higher Ed"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%86%85%E5%B9%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高等教育内幕（页面不存在）">高等教育内幕</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_Higher_Ed" class="extiw" title="en:Inside Higher Ed"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Inside Higher Ed</span></a></span>）</span></span>》同样指出“这些标准实际上并不衡量教学，甚至没有一个接近于评估教学效果的质量”。<sup id="cite_ref-Altbach_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altbach-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 许多排名也被认为包含对<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="自然科学">自然科学</a>的偏见；并且由于所使用的文献计量来源，评选标准更倾向于英语期刊。<sup id="cite_ref-Qiang_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qiang-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="世界大学学术排名">世界大学学术排名</a>在内的大学排名并没有考虑到各个机构的体量大小，因此大型机构的排名远高于具有相同研究质量的小型机构。<sup id="cite_ref-Bekhradnia_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bekhradnia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 而其他大学排名，例如<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="SCImago机构排名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="SCImago Institutions Rankings"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCImago%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCImago机构排名（页面不存在）">SCImago机构排名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCImago_Institutions_Rankings" class="extiw" title="en:SCImago Institutions Rankings"><span lang="en" dir="auto">SCImago Institutions Rankings</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<a href="/wiki/U.S._News%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E8%A1%8C%E6%A6%9C" title="U.S. News全球大學排行榜">U.S. News全球大學排行榜</a>，则采用了大小相关与大小无关相混合的衡量指标。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>有些排名，较为知名的如<a href="/wiki/QS%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="QS世界大学排名">QS世界大学排名</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名">THE世界大学排名</a>和<a href="/wiki/U.S._News%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E8%A1%8C%E6%A6%9C" title="U.S. News全球大學排行榜">U.S. News全球大學排行榜</a>等，会采用所谓的声誉调查。它们的有效性受到了质疑，“大多数专家对简单地询问一群相当不随机的教育工作者和其他参与学术事业人士的意见之可靠性提出了高度批评”；<sup id="cite_ref-Altbach_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altbach-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> “在方法上（国际声誉调查）是有缺陷的，实际上它们只衡量研究表现，并且歪曲了有利于少数机构的结果。”<sup id="cite_ref-Bekhradnia_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bekhradnia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>尽管受到诸多批评，大学全球排名依然受到了许多关注，特别是<a href="/wiki/QS%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="QS世界大学排名">QS世界大学排名</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名">THE世界大学排名</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="世界大学学术排名">世界大学学术排名</a>这三大主要排名。排名影响着大学关于其国际伙伴关系的决定。这样的伙伴关系对于研究、学术项目和学生或教师交换已经具有战略重要性。根据一项国际调查，57%的被调查者说他们的机构的排名影响着其他高等教育机构的科学家是否与他们合作，而34%的人说他们感到排名影响着学术或专业组织是否会把他们接纳为会员。大学还在内部利用排名来为决定与哪些机构合作提供信息。例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E6%B3%A2%E8%AF%BA%E4%B8%81%E6%B1%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="宁波诺丁汉大学">宁波诺丁汉大学</a>的前任执行校长高岩（<span lang="en">Ian Gow</span>）提出，政府机构正在敦促地方高校把合作伙伴限定在前20位的外国高校。其他地方的学术界人士也证实了他们不太可能考虑与排名更低的大学结成科研伙伴关系，除非后者的个人或团队非常优秀。这可能为新的或者<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="发展中国家">发展中国家</a>的高等教育机构带来明显的劣势。<sup id="cite_ref-scidev_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scidev-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%92%A5%E6%AC%BE%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)" title="大學撥款委員會 (印度)">印度大学拨款委员会</a>会要求印度大学所选择的国际合作大学必须位列<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名">THE世界大学排名</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="世界大学学术排名">世界大学学术排名</a>的前500名，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a>的“科学无国界”计划在筛选国际合作大学时则采用<a href="/wiki/QS%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="QS世界大学排名">QS世界大学排名</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名">THE世界大学排名</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a>在内的一些国家会将大学排名作为积分移民项目的一部分，而<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>等一些国家会自动承认部分排名靠前大学的学位。排名还会影响寻求政府奖学金留学的学生——在<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古">蒙古</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔">卡塔尔</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%8E%E5%AD%B8%E9%87%91" title="獎學金">奖学金</a>仅限于授予被高排名的国际大学录取的学生。而且它们可以决定政府是否承认外国大学的资质——<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="马其顿">马其顿</a>自动地承认THE-QS、SJT或USNWR排名中的前500名大学。当慈善家考虑哪所大学提供最好的品牌形象和投资回报的时候，他们也参考排名。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1" title="德国电信">德国电信</a>承认它用排名系统去影响它关于专业席位的决策，而<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E9%9F%B3%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="波音公司">波音公司</a>说它将使用排名数据决定“哪些大学……分享[它]……在职业教育和补充培训方面支出的1亿美元。”大学正在设定优先事项并把资源分配给可以帮助促进它们的排名的学科和研究领域。许多政府在决定资源分配和机构资质鉴定的时候使用排名。雇主是另一个经常使用排名去衡量毕业生成功可能性的群体，这让他们更不愿意去录用来自排名不佳的大学的毕业生。<sup id="cite_ref-scidev_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scidev-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主要世界排名"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E6.8E.92.E5.90.8D"></span>主要世界排名</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：主要世界排名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="QS世界大学排名"><span id="QS.E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.A4.A7.E5.AD.A6.E6.8E.92.E5.90.8D"></span>QS世界大学排名</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：QS世界大学排名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/QS%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="QS世界大学排名">QS世界大学排名</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/QS%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="QS世界大学排名">QS世界大学排名</a>是由<a href="/wiki/Quacquarelli_Symonds" title="Quacquarelli Symonds">Quacquarelli Symonds</a>所制作的一份针对全球顶尖大学的排名，自2004年开始每年发布一次。2022年，它们针对全球1,300所大学进行了排名，其中包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="麻省理工学院">麻省理工学院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="剑桥大学">剑桥大学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%A6%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="斯坦福大学">斯坦福大学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="牛津大学">牛津大学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>在内的五所大学占据了前5名。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 根据<a href="/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet">Alexa Internet</a>的数据显示，QS世界大学排名是全球范围内查看次数最多的大学排名。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>需要注意的是<a href="/wiki/QS%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="QS世界大学排名">QS世界大学排名</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名">泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名</a>之间的关系。在2004年到2009年期间，<a href="/wiki/Quacquarelli_Symonds" title="Quacquarelli Symonds">Quacquarelli Symonds</a>曾经与《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="泰晤士高等教育">泰晤士高等教育</a>》合作发布了“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2-QS%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="泰晤士高等教育-QS世界大学排名">泰晤士高等教育-QS世界大学排名</a>”。但到了2010年，《泰晤士高等教育》结束了与Quacquarelli Symonds的合作，而转与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A4%E6%A3%AE%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%8F" title="汤森路透">汤森路透</a>合作创建一种新的排名统计方式，因此泰晤士高等教育-QS世界大学排名的排名方式变为由Quacquarelli Symonds独家使用。此外，Quacquarelli Symonds也曾短暂与《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93" title="美国新闻与世界报道">美国新闻与世界报道</a>》合作，《美国新闻与世界报道》将这份排名称为“世界最佳大学排名”。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 但是到了2014年10月，《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93" title="美国新闻与世界报道">美国新闻与世界报道</a>》也发布了自己的首份世界大学排名——<a href="/wiki/U.S._News%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E8%A1%8C%E6%A6%9C" title="U.S. News全球大學排行榜">US News全球大學排行榜</a>。 </p><p>根据2016年的说明显示，QS排名使用从74,651名学者和研究员以及37,781名招聘专员收集的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E8%A1%8C%E8%AF%84%E5%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="同行评审">同行评审</a>数据。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名"><span id=".E6.B3.B0.E6.99.A4.E5.A3.AB.E9.AB.98.E7.AD.89.E6.95.99.E8.82.B2.E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.A4.A7.E5.AD.A6.E6.8E.92.E5.90.8D"></span>泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="世界大学学术排名"><span id=".E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.A4.A7.E5.AD.A6.E5.AD.A6.E6.9C.AF.E6.8E.92.E5.90.8D"></span>世界大学学术排名</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：世界大学学术排名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="U.S._News全球大學排行榜"><span id="U.S._News.E5.85.A8.E7.90.83.E5.A4.A7.E5.AD.B8.E6.8E.92.E8.A1.8C.E6.A6.9C"></span>U.S. News全球大學排行榜</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：U.S. News全球大學排行榜"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/U.S._News%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E8%A1%8C%E6%A6%9C" title="U.S. News全球大學排行榜">U.S. News全球大學排行榜</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他世界排名"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E6.8E.92.E5.90.8D"></span>其他世界排名</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：其他世界排名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="世界大學排名中心大學排名">世界大學排名中心大學排名</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="特色排名"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E8.89.B2.E6.8E.92.E5.90.8D"></span>特色排名</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：特色排名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="废止排名"><span id=".E5.BA.9F.E6.AD.A2.E6.8E.92.E5.90.8D"></span>废止排名</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：废止排名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="国家或地区排名"><span id=".E5.9B.BD.E5.AE.B6.E6.88.96.E5.9C.B0.E5.8C.BA.E6.8E.92.E5.90.8D"></span>国家或地区排名</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：国家或地区排名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="臺灣"><span id=".E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3"></span>臺灣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：臺灣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%88%E9%99%A2%E6%A0%A1%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="臺灣大專院校排名">臺灣大專院校排名</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关争议"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E4.BA.89.E8.AE.AE"></span>相关争议</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：相关争议"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>没有进入排名可能意味着一所大学被外国博士生、“世界级”科学家、学术伙伴和慈善家忽视。而且由于排名利用的标准和数据最能记录生物科学的表现，<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="艺术">艺术</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87" class="mw-disambig" title="人文">人文</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="社会科学">社会科学</a>容易受到伤害。诸如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="工程">工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A" title="商业">商业</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="教育">教育</a>等专业学科没有很强的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E8%A1%8C%E8%A9%95%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="同行評議">同行评议</a>出版的传统，它们也面临着压力。<sup id="cite_ref-scidev_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scidev-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>排名重视地位和声誉，强烈地偏向历史悠久和资金充裕的机构，通常是偏向<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%BE%BE%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="发达国家">发达国家</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="医学院">医学院</a>。这种体系让<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="发展中国家">发展中国家</a>的大学无法与美欧的重量级选手竞争。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E8%8B%B1%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="精英教育">精英教育</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大众教育（页面不存在）">大众教育</a>之间的鸿沟，以及发达国家和发展中国家大学之间的鸿沟很可能会扩大。一个特别的问题在于排名固定了对某一时刻的品质的单一定义，而高等教育机构和它们的使命是多样化的。仅仅把重点放在科研强度上，就忽略了其他的维度，诸如教学、社区参与、第三职能和创新，以及社会和经济影响。此外，高等教育机构是复杂的组织，不同的院系和活动有不同的优势和弱点。根据所使用的标准或者指标/权重的不同，对优秀程度的定义可能不同。由于排名计算总分，高等教育的复杂性被减少到了一个数字分数，而差别被夸大了。<sup id="cite_ref-scidev_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scidev-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>大学排名的发展反映出高等教育国际化的重要趋势以及人们对于高等教育机构的质量评比产生了日益浓厚的兴趣。人们越来越关注大学排名，但学者、学生、办学方、决策者和发展机构提出了诸多批评。从积极的一面来看，人们越来越希望了解关于高等教育机构“质量”的通俗明了、切实可行且相对简单的综合信息，而排名恰恰满足了这项需求。这种需求之所以增加，是因为在高等教育大众化和办学方日趋多样化的情况下，人们需要在众多大学当中做出明智的选择。许多人认为，排名还有助于高等教育机构的信息透明和问责制。但批评者认为，排名会将大学的注意力从教学和社会责任转移到排名指标看重的科研类型上来。还有人担心，用一套有限的标准来衡量世界各地的大学，而且考虑到希望挤进世界排名前200位的强烈愿望，排名实际上鼓励了高等教育机构的同质化，削弱了大学对于自身环境的响应能力和实际作用。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关条目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E6.9D.A1.E7.9B.AE"></span>相关条目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：相关条目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Platopainting.jpg/23px-Platopainting.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Platopainting.jpg/34px-Platopainting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Platopainting.jpg/46px-Platopainting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:大学">大学主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%95%86%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%A2%A9%E5%A3%AB" title="工商管理碩士">MBA项目排名</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="环球教育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eduniversal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环球教育（页面不存在）">环球教育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduniversal" class="extiw" title="en:Eduniversal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eduniversal</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-scidev-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scidev_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scidev_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scidev_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scidev_1-3"><sup><b>1.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scidev_1-4"><sup><b>1.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scidev_1-5"><sup><b>1.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellen Hazelkorn，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scidev.net/zh/opinions/zh-133741.html">大学排名的问题</a>，科学与发展网络（SciDev.Net），2009年3月11日 - <small>本条目的的全部或部分内容，来自於科学与发展网络（SciDev.Net），基于<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">CC-BY-2.0</a>协议下的授权。</small> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mary Beth Marklein. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=2015041014225416">Rankings create ‘perverse incentives’ – Hazelkorn</a>. University World News. 2015-04-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302102242/https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=2015041014225416">存档</a>于2023-03-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.au=Mary+Beth+Marklein&rft.btitle=Rankings+create+%E2%80%98perverse+incentives%E2%80%99+%E2%80%93+Hazelkorn&rft.date=2015-04-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+World+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.universityworldnews.com%2Fpost.php%3Fstory%3D2015041014225416&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Maxime Mussard; Alex Pappachen James. How to boost the ranking of your university using self-citations? An example of the weaknesses of university ranking systems. Figshare. 2017-07-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.6084%2Fm9.figshare.5245867.v1"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5245867.v1</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=How+to+boost+the+ranking+of+your+university+using+self-citations%3F+An+example+of+the+weaknesses+of+university+ranking+systems&rft.au=Alex+Pappachen+James&rft.au=Maxime+Mussard&rft.date=2017-07-27&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Figshare&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.6084%2Fm9.figshare.5245867.v1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703101831/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/resources/in-focus-articles/rankings/">Rankings and Accountability in Higher Education: Uses and Misuses</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国教科文组织">联合国教科文组织</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-02</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/resources/in-focus-articles/rankings/">原始内容</a>存档于2013-07-03）. <q>Rightly or wrongly, they are perceived as a measure of quality and so create intense competition between universities all over the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.btitle=Rankings+and+Accountability+in+Higher+Education%3A+Uses+and+Misuses&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Feducation%2Fresources%2Fin-focus-articles%2Frankings%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Altbach-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Altbach_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Altbach_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Altbach_5-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Philip G. Altbach. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2010/11/11/state-rankings">The State of the Rankings</a>. <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高等教育内幕" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Inside Higher Ed"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%86%85%E5%B9%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高等教育内幕（页面不存在）">高等教育内幕</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_Higher_Ed" class="extiw" title="en:Inside Higher Ed"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Inside Higher Ed</span></a></span>）</span></span>. 2010-11-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711021948/https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2010/11/11/state-rankings">存档</a>于2018-07-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.au=Philip+G.+Altbach&rft.btitle=The+State+of+the+Rankings&rft.date=2010-11-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%86%85%E5%B9%95%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Inside+Higher+Ed%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3E%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%86%85%E5%B9%95%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3EInside+Higher+Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehighered.com%2Fviews%2F2010%2F11%2F11%2Fstate-rankings&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bekhradnia-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bekhradnia_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bekhradnia_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bekhradnia_6-2"><sup><b>6.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bekhradnia_6-3"><sup><b>6.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bekhradnia_6-4"><sup><b>6.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bahram Bekhradnia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hepi.ac.uk/2016/12/15/3734/">International university rankings: For good or ill?</a>. The Higher Education Policy Institute. 2016-12-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302104637/https://www.hepi.ac.uk/2016/12/15/3734/">存档</a>于2023-03-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.au=Bahram+Bekhradnia&rft.btitle=International+university+rankings%3A+For+good+or+ill%3F&rft.date=2016-12-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Higher+Education+Policy+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hepi.ac.uk%2F2016%2F12%2F15%2F3734%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ariel Zirulnick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/World/2010/0916/New-world-university-ranking-puts-Harvard-back-on-top">New world university ranking puts Harvard back on top</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%AE%B4%E8%A8%80%E6%8A%A5" title="基督科学箴言报">基督科学箴言报</a>. 2010-09-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503141929/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/2010/0916/New-world-university-ranking-puts-Harvard-back-on-top">存档</a>于2019-05-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.au=Ariel+Zirulnick&rft.btitle=New+world+university+ranking+puts+Harvard+back+on+top&rft.date=2010-09-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%AE%B4%E8%A8%80%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2F2010%2F0916%2FNew-world-university-ranking-puts-Harvard-back-on-top&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Andrew Marszal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/9584155/University-rankings-which-world-university-rankings-should-we-trust.html">University rankings: which world university rankings should we trust?</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8F%E6%97%A5%E7%94%B5%E8%AE%AF%E6%8A%A5" title="每日电讯报">每日电讯报</a>. 2012-10-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150126122001/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/9584155/University-rankings-which-world-university-rankings-should-we-trust.html">存档</a>于2015-01-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.au=Andrew+Marszal&rft.btitle=University+rankings%3A+which+world+university+rankings+should+we+trust%3F&rft.date=2012-10-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%AF%8F%E6%97%A5%E7%94%B5%E8%AE%AF%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Feducation%2Funiversityeducation%2F9584155%2FUniversity-rankings-which-world-university-rankings-should-we-trust.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qiang-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Qiang_9-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qiang_9-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qiang_9-2"><sup><b>9.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Qiang Zha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/world-view/university-rankings-perspective">University Rankings in Perspective</a>. <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高等教育内幕" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Inside Higher Ed"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%86%85%E5%B9%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高等教育内幕（页面不存在）">高等教育内幕</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_Higher_Ed" class="extiw" title="en:Inside Higher Ed"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Inside Higher Ed</span></a></span>）</span></span>. 2016-12-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302104639/https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/world-view/university-rankings-perspective">存档</a>于2023-03-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.au=Qiang+Zha&rft.btitle=University+Rankings+in+Perspective&rft.date=2016-12-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%86%85%E5%B9%95%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Inside+Higher+Ed%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3E%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%86%85%E5%B9%95%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3EInside+Higher+Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehighered.com%2Fblogs%2Fworld-view%2Funiversity-rankings-perspective&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gokcen Arkali Olcay; Melih Bulu. Is measuring the knowledge creation of universities possible?: A review of university rankings. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2017, <b>123</b>: 153–160. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0040-1625"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0040-1625</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.techfore.2016.03.029"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.03.029</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=Is+measuring+the+knowledge+creation+of+universities+possible%3F%3A+A+review+of+university+rankings&rft.au=Gokcen+Arkali+Olcay&rft.au=Melih+Bulu&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0040-1625&rft.jtitle=Technological+Forecasting+and+Social+Change&rft.pages=153-160&rft.volume=123&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.techfore.2016.03.029&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Michelle Stack (编). Global University Rankings and the Politics of Knowledge. University of Toronto Press. 2021: 3–21. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781487530402" title="Special:网络书源/9781487530402"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781487530402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.au=Michelle+Stack&rft.btitle=Global+University+Rankings+and+the+Politics+of+Knowledge&rft.date=2021&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781487530402&rft.pages=3-21&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scimagoir.com/methodology.php">Ranking Methodology</a>. SCImago Lab. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116184129/https://www.scimagoir.com/methodology.php">存档</a>于2020-11-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.btitle=Ranking+Methodology&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=SCImago+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scimagoir.com%2Fmethodology.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Robert Morse; Sam Wellington. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/articles/methodology">How U.S. News Calculated the 2022-2023 Best Global Universities Rankings</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93" title="美国新闻与世界报道">美国新闻与世界报道</a>. 2022-10-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130090148/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/articles/methodology">存档</a>于2021-11-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.au=Robert+Morse&rft.au=Sam+Wellington&rft.btitle=How+U.S.+News+Calculated+the+2022-2023+Best+Global+Universities+Rankings&rft.date=2022-10-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fbest-global-universities%2Farticles%2Fmethodology&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Grete Luxbacher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/blog/2013/sep/10/university-rankings-influence-government-policy">World university rankings: how much influence do they really have?</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%8A%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="卫报">卫报</a>. 2013-09-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203143818/http://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/blog/2013/sep/10/university-rankings-influence-government-policy">存档</a>于2015-02-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.au=Grete+Luxbacher&rft.btitle=World+university+rankings%3A+how+much+influence+do+they+really+have%3F&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%8D%AB%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fhigher-education-network%2Fblog%2F2013%2Fsep%2F10%2Funiversity-rankings-influence-government-policy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2023">QS World University Rankings 2023: Top global universities</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quacquarelli_Symonds" title="Quacquarelli Symonds">Quacquarelli Symonds Limited</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120917171555/https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2023">存档</a>于2012-09-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.btitle=QS+World+University+Rankings+2023%3A+Top+global+universities&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Quacquarelli+Symonds+Limited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Funiversity-rankings%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2023&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728174448/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/topuniversities.com">topuniversities.com Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet">Alexa Internet</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-03</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/topuniversities.com">原始内容</a>存档于2020-07-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.btitle=topuniversities.com+Competitive+Analysis%2C+Marketing+Mix+and+Traffic&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Alexa+Internet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexa.com%2Fsiteinfo%2Ftopuniversities.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091024040050/https://www.usnews.com/sections/education/worlds-best-universities">World's Best Universities</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93" title="美国新闻与世界报道">美国新闻与世界报道</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-03-03</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/sections/education/worlds-best-universities">原始内容</a>存档于2009-10-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.btitle=World%27s+Best+Universities&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fsections%2Feducation%2Fworlds-best-universities&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/18px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/24px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="218" /></a></span> 本条目包含了<a 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selflink">大學排名</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">全球性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="世界大学学术排名">世界大學學術排名</a></li> <li><abbr title=""><a href="/wiki/CWUR%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="CWUR大學排名">世界大學排名中心大學排名</a></abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E9%A0%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="萊頓大學排名">萊頓大學排名</a></li> <li><abbr title="Global University Ranking">全球大學排名</abbr></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴黎高等礦業大學：世界大學專業排名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E7%A4%A6%E6%A5%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%B0%88%E6%A5%AD%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴黎高等礦業大學：世界大學專業排名（页面不存在）">巴黎高等礦業大學：世界大學專業排名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mines_ParisTech:_Professional_Ranking_of_World_Universities" class="extiw" title="en:Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E8%A9%95%E6%AF%94" title="世界大學科研論文質量評比">世界大學科研論文質量評比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QS%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="QS世界大学排名">QS世界大学排名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="莫斯科全球大學排名">莫斯科全球大學排名</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="SCImago科研機構排名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="SCImago Institutions Rankings"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCImago%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCImago科研機構排名（页面不存在）">SCImago科研機構排名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCImago_Institutions_Rankings" class="extiw" title="en:SCImago Institutions Rankings"><span lang="en" dir="auto">SCImago Institutions Rankings</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名">泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="大学学术表现排名">大学学术表现排名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._News%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E8%A1%8C%E6%A6%9C" title="U.S. News全球大學排行榜">U.S. News全球大學排行榜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="世界大學網路排名">世界大學網路排名</a></li> <li><abbr title="World's Universities with Real Impact">世界大學實質影響力排名</abbr></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">區域性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="European Research Ranking">歐洲科研排名</abbr></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉丁美洲大學排名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rankings of universities in Latin America"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉丁美洲大學排名（页面不存在）">拉丁美洲大學排名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_Latin_America" class="extiw" title="en:Rankings of universities in Latin America"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rankings of universities in Latin America</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="東南亞大學排名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rankings of universities in South East Asia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東南亞大學排名（页面不存在）">東南亞大學排名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_South_East_Asia" class="extiw" title="en:Rankings of universities in South East Asia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rankings of universities in South East Asia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">國家 / 地區性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8E%92%E8%A1%8C%E6%A6%9C" title="中国大学排行榜">中國大陸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%B9%A6%E8%BF%9E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8E%92%E8%A1%8C%E6%A6%9C" title="武书连中国大学排行榜">武書連</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%A0%A1%E5%8F%8B%E4%BC%9A%E7%BD%91%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8E%92%E8%A1%8C%E6%A6%9C" title="中国校友会网中国大学排行榜">中國校友會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E8%A1%8C%E6%A6%9C" title="網大中國大學排行榜">網大</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%88%E9%99%A2%E6%A0%A1%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="臺灣大專院校排名">台灣</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="真強大學排名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Truly Strong Universities"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E5%BC%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真強大學排名（页面不存在）">日本</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truly_Strong_Universities" class="extiw" title="en:Truly Strong Universities"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Truly Strong Universities</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國家科研機構排名框架" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National Institutional Ranking Framework"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國家科研機構排名框架（页面不存在）">印度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institutional_Ranking_Framework" class="extiw" title="en:National Institutional Ranking Framework"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National Institutional Ranking Framework</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴基斯坦大學排名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rankings of universities in Pakistan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴基斯坦大學排名（页面不存在）">巴基斯坦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_Pakistan" class="extiw" title="en:Rankings of universities in Pakistan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rankings of universities in Pakistan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英國大學排名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英國大學排名（页面不存在）">英國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高等教育中心大學排名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CHE University Ranking"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高等教育中心大學排名（页面不存在）">德國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHE_University_Ranking" class="extiw" title="en:CHE University Ranking"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CHE University Ranking</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="美國大學排名">美國大學排名</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大學績效評估中心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Center for Measuring University Performance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E7%B8%BE%E6%95%88%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大學績效評估中心（页面不存在）">大學績效評估中心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Measuring_University_Performance" class="extiw" title="en:Center for Measuring University Performance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Center for Measuring University Performance</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="師資學術生產力指數" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%AB%E8%B3%87%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E5%8A%9B%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="師資學術生產力指數（页面不存在）">師資學術生產力指數</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculty_Scholarly_Productivity_Index" class="extiw" title="en:Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%9C" title="福布斯美国大学榜">福布斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96" title="普林斯頓評論">普林斯頓評論</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國新聞與世界報道：最佳大學排名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E8%88%87%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A0%B1%E9%81%93%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國新聞與世界報道：最佳大學排名（页面不存在）">U.S. News美國大學排行榜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" class="extiw" title="en:U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking"><span lang="en" dir="auto">U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%9B%9B%E9%A0%93%E6%9C%88%E5%88%8A#大學排名" title="華盛頓月刊">華盛頓月刊</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="他們將學習什麼？" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="What Will They Learn?"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%96%E5%80%91%E5%B0%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%EF%BC%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="他們將學習什麼？（页面不存在）">他們將學習什麼？</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Will_They_Learn%3F" class="extiw" title="en:What Will They Learn?"><span lang="en" dir="auto">What Will They Learn?</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加拿大大學排名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rankings of universities in Canada"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加拿大大學排名（页面不存在）">加拿大大學排名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a 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