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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aloggen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Säite fir ausgeloggt Benotzer <a href="/wiki/H%C3%ABllef:Af%C3%A9ierung" aria-label="Méi gewuer ginn iwwer d'Änneren"><span>Fir méi ze wëssen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meng_Kontributiounen" title="Eng Lëscht vun Ännerungen déi vun dëser IP-Adress aus gemaach goufen [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontributiounen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meng_Diskussiounss%C3%A4it" title="Diskussioun iwwer d'Ännerungen déi vun dëser IP-Adress aus gemaach gi sinn [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussioun</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhalter" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhalter</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">an déi säitlech Läischt réckelen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verstoppen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Ufank</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nimm_a_Klassifikatioun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nimm_a_Klassifikatioun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nimm a Klassifikatioun</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nimm_a_Klassifikatioun-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ënner-Abschnitt Nimm a Klassifikatioun wiesselen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nimm_a_Klassifikatioun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Supernovatyppen_Ib_an_Ic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supernovatyppen_Ib_an_Ic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Supernovatyppen Ib an Ic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supernovatyppen_Ib_an_Ic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-D'Ënnertyppen_II-L_an_II-P" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#D'Ënnertyppen_II-L_an_II-P"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>D'Ënnertyppen II-L an II-P</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-D'Ënnertyppen_II-L_an_II-P-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kärkollaps-_oder_hydrodynamesch_Supernovaen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kärkollaps-_oder_hydrodynamesch_Supernovaen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kärkollaps- oder hydrodynamesch Supernovaen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kärkollaps-_oder_hydrodynamesch_Supernovaen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ënner-Abschnitt Kärkollaps- oder hydrodynamesch Supernovaen wiesselen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kärkollaps-_oder_hydrodynamesch_Supernovaen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Virleeferstär" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virleeferstär"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Virleeferstär</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virleeferstär-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kärkollaps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kärkollaps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Kärkollaps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kärkollaps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dicht_Objeten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dicht_Objeten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Dicht Objeten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dicht_Objeten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thermonuklear_Supernovae_vum_Typ_Ia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thermonuklear_Supernovae_vum_Typ_Ia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Thermonuklear Supernovae vum Typ Ia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Thermonuklear_Supernovae_vum_Typ_Ia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ënner-Abschnitt Thermonuklear Supernovae vum Typ Ia wiesselen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Thermonuklear_Supernovae_vum_Typ_Ia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Distanzmiessunge_mat_Hëllef_vu_Supernovaen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distanzmiessunge_mat_Hëllef_vu_Supernovaen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Distanzmiessunge mat Hëllef vu Supernovaen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distanzmiessunge_mat_Hëllef_vu_Supernovaen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supernovareschter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supernovareschter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Supernovareschter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supernovareschter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gefore_fir_d'Äerd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gefore_fir_d'Äerd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gefore fir d'Äerd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gefore_fir_d'Äerd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuckt_och" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuckt_och"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kuckt och</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuckt_och-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literatur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Um_Spaweck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Um_Spaweck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Um Spaweck</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Um_Spaweck-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ënner-Abschnitt Um Spaweck wiesselen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Um_Spaweck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Videoen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Videoen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Videoen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Videoen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenzen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenzen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referenzen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenzen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhalter" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeechnes wiesselen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeechnes wiesselen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Supernova</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Op en Artikel an enger anerer Sprooch wiesselen. Disponibel an 100 Sproochen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 Sproochen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%90%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB" title="ሱፐርኖቫ - Amharesch" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሱፐርኖቫ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="अधिनवतारा - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अधिनवतारा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85" title="مستعر أعظم - Arabesch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستعر أعظم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Aragonesesch" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Asturianesch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturianesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0frat_yeni_ulduz" title="İfrat yeni ulduz - Aserbaidschanesch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İfrat yeni ulduz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="অতিনবতারা - Bengalesch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অতিনবতারা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Звышновая зорка - Wäissrussesch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Звышновая зорка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Wäissrussesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="सुपरनोवा - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सुपरनोवा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Свръхнова - Bulgaresch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Свръхнова" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaresch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Bosnesch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Katalanesch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%C4%83%D1%80_%C3%A7%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Вышкайсăр çĕнĕ çăлтăр - Tschuwaschesch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вышкайсăр çĕнĕ çăлтăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tschuwaschesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Tschechesch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Dänesch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="gudden Artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Däitsch" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Däitsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernoova" title="Supernoova - Estnesch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Supernoova" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Υπερκαινοφανής αστέρας - Griichesch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπερκαινοφανής αστέρας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griichesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Qualitéits-Artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Englesch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Spuenesch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spuenesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernovao" title="Supernovao - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Supernovao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Qualitéits-Artikel"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernoba" title="Supernoba - Baskesch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Supernoba" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="ابرنواختر - Persesch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابرنواختر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Franséisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Franséisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Westfriesesch" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Westfriesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Friulesch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olln%C3%B3va" title="Ollnóva - Iresch" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ollnóva" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iresch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Galizesch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galizesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1" title="초신성 - Koreanesch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초신성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Գերնոր աստղեր - Armenesch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերնոր աստղեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="महानोवा - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महानोवा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Kroatesch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernovo" title="Supernovo - Ido-Sprooch" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Supernovo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido-Sprooch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Indonesesch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprengistjarna" title="Sprengistjarna - Islännesch" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sprengistjarna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islännesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Italienesch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94" title="סופרנובה - Hebräesch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סופרנובה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Javanesch" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE" title="ಸೂಪರ್‌ನೋವಾ - Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೂಪರ್‌ನೋವಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ზეახალი ვარსკვლავი - Georgesch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზეახალი ვარსკვლავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B6%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Ғаламатжұлдыз - Kasachesch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ғаламатжұлдыз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasachesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sip%C3%A8nova" title="Sipènova - Haitianesch" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sipènova" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitianesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sip%C3%A8rnova" title="Sipèrnova - Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Sipèrnova" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Latäin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latäin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81rnova" title="Pārnova - Lettesch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pārnova" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Litauesch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Limburgesch" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szupern%C3%B3va" title="Szupernóva - Ungaresch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szupernóva" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungaresch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Супернова - Mazedonesch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Супернова" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedonesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinta-mazavabe" title="Kinta-mazavabe - Malagassi-Sprooch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kinta-mazavabe" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassi-Sprooch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5" title="സൂപ്പർനോവ - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൂപ്പർനോവ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="अतिनवतारा - Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अतिनवतारा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="სუპერნოვა - Mingrelesch Sprooch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სუპერნოვა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelesch Sprooch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A4%D8%A7" title="سوبرنوڤا - Egyptescht Arabesch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سوبرنوڤا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptescht Arabesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Malaiesch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC" title="စူပါနိုဗာ - Birmanesch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စူပါနိုဗာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Hollännesch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Hollännesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星 - Japanesch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="超新星" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Norwegesch Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegesch Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Norwegesch Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegesch Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supern%C3%B2va" title="Supernòva - Okzitanesch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Supernòva" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Usbekesch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbekesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸੁਪਰਨੋਵਾ - Pandschabesch" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੁਪਰਨੋਵਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandschabesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="سپرنووا - Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سپرنووا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87" title="د ستورو لویه چاودنه - Paschtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ستورو لویه چاودنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paschtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syuupanuova" title="Syuupanuova - Jamaikanesch-Kreolesch" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Syuupanuova" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaikanesch-Kreolesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernowa" title="Supernowa - Polnesch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Supernowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="gudden Artikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Portugisesch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugisesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Qualitéits-Artikel"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernov%C4%83" title="Supernovă - Rumänesch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Supernovă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Сверхновая звезда - Russesch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сверхновая звезда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yjet_Supernova" title="Yjet Supernova - Albanesch" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Yjet Supernova" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Sizilianesch" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sizilianesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F" title="සුපර්නෝවා - Singhalesesch" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සුපර්නෝවා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="سپر نووا - Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سپر نووا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Slowakesch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Slowenesch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%86" title="نوێبوونەوەی مەزن - Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نوێبوونەوەی مەزن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Serbesch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Serbo-Kroatesch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroatesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Sundanesesch" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Finnesch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova - Schwedesch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Supernova" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernoba" title="Supernoba - Dagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Supernoba" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Dagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="மீயொளிர் விண்மீன் வெடிப்பு - Tamilesch" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மீயொளிர் விண்மீன் வெடிப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%82%D3%99_%D1%8F%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Үтә яңа йолдыз - Tataresch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үтә яңа йолдыз" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataresch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE" title="సూపర్ నోవా - Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సూపర్ నోవా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="มหานวดารา - Thailännesch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหานวดารา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailännesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCpernova" title="Süpernova - Tierkesch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Süpernova" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tierkesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova_a_%C9%9By%C9%9B_nwonwa" title="Supernova a ɛyɛ nwonwa - Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Supernova a ɛyɛ nwonwa" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Наднова - Ukrainesch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наднова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="سپر نووا - Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سپر نووا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Qualitéits-Artikel"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%AAu_t%C3%A2n_tinh" title="Siêu tân tinh - Vietnamesesch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Siêu tân tinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星 - Klassescht Chinesesch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="超新星" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassescht Chinesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernoba" title="Supernoba - Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Supernoba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星 - Wu-Chinesesch" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="超新星" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Chinesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星 - Kantonesesch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="超新星" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星 - Chinesesch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="超新星" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3937#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Interwiki-Linken änneren" class="wbc-editpage">Linken änneren</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nummraim"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Contenu vun der Säit weisen [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Säit</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussioun:Supernova&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussioun iwwer de Säiteninhalt (Säit gëtt et net) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussioun</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sproochvariant änneren" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lëtzebuergesch</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichagen"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Supernova"><span>Liesen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit" title="Dës Säit änneren [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Änneren</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit" title="De Quelltext vun dëser Säit änneren [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=history" title="Vireg Versioune vun dëser Säit [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Versioune weisen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Handwierksgeschir fir Säiten"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geschierkëscht" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geschierkëscht</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Geschierkëscht</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">an déi säitlech Läischt réckelen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verstoppen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Méi Optiounen" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aktiounen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Supernova"><span>Liesen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit" title="Dës Säit änneren [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Änneren</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit" title="De Quelltext vun dëser Säit änneren [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=history"><span>Versioune weisen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allgemeng </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Linken_op_d%C3%ABs_S%C3%A4it/Supernova" title="Lëscht vun alle Säiten, déi heihi linken [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linken op dës Säit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:%C3%84nnerungen_op_verlinkte_S%C3%A4iten/Supernova" rel="nofollow" title="Rezent Ännerungen op Säiten, déi von hei verlinkt sinn [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Ännerungen op verlinkt Säiten</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Spezials%C3%A4iten" title="Lëscht vun alle Spezialsäiten [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spezialsäiten</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&oldid=2513876" title="Permanente Link op dës Versioun vun dëser Säit"><span>Zitéierfäege Link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=info" title="Méi Informatiounen iwwer dës Säit"><span>Informatiounen iwwer d'Säit</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Zit%C3%A9ierhell%C3%ABf&page=Supernova&id=2513876&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatioune wéi een dës Säit zitéiere kann"><span>Dës Säit zitéieren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:URL-K%C3%BCrzung&url=https%3A%2F%2Flb.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSupernova"><span>Gekierzt URL kréien</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Flb.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSupernova"><span>QR-Code eroflueden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drécken/exportéieren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Buch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Supernova"><span>E Buch uleeën</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Supernova&action=show-download-screen"><span>Als PDF eroflueden</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&printable=yes" title="Versioun vun dëser Säit fir auszedrécken [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drockversioun</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> An anere Projeten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Supernovae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3937" title="Link op dat Element aus der Datebank, mat deem et verbonnen ass [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidataelement</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Handwierksgeschir fir Säiten"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ausgesinn"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ausgesinn</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">an déi säitlech Läischt réckelen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verstoppen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vu Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:SN1994D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/SN1994D.jpg/170px-SN1994D.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/SN1994D.jpg/255px-SN1994D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/SN1994D.jpg/340px-SN1994D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>D'Supernova 1994D an der Galaxie <a href="/wiki/NGC_4526" title="NGC 4526">NGC 4526</a> (helle Punkt lénks ënnen)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:HST_SN_1987A_20th_anniversary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/HST_SN_1987A_20th_anniversary.jpg/170px-HST_SN_1987A_20th_anniversary.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/HST_SN_1987A_20th_anniversary.jpg/255px-HST_SN_1987A_20th_anniversary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/HST_SN_1987A_20th_anniversary.jpg/340px-HST_SN_1987A_20th_anniversary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Bild vun der Supernova 1987A no ronn 20 Joer.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Supernova_Companion_Star.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Supernova_Companion_Star.jpg/170px-Supernova_Companion_Star.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Supernova_Companion_Star.jpg/255px-Supernova_Companion_Star.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Supernova_Companion_Star.jpg/340px-Supernova_Companion_Star.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Dës NASA-Illustratioun weist den Opbau vun enger Supernova Typ 1a</figcaption></figure> <p>Eng <b>Supernova</b> (latäin. Plural:Supernovae) ass dat séiert, hellt Opliichte vun engem <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4r" title="Stär">Stär</a> um Enn vu sengem Liewen duerch eng Risenexplosioun, bei där de Stär auserneebrécht. D'<a href="/wiki/Liichtkraaft" title="Liichtkraaft">Liichtkraaft</a> vum Stär hëlt dobäi millioune- bis milliardefach zou, hie gëtt fir kuerz Zäit sou hell wéi eng ganz <a href="/wiki/Galaxie" title="Galaxie">Galaxie</a>, bei enger <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypernova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypernova (Säit gëtt et net)">Hypernova</a> souguer dat Billiardefacht, also sou hell wéi e <a href="/wiki/Galaxi%C3%ABkoup" title="Galaxiëkoup">Galaxiëkoup</a>. </p><p>Et gëtt zwéi grondsätzlech Mechanismen, no deenen d'Stären eng Supernova ginn: </p> <ol><li>Masseräich Stäre mat enger Ufangsmass vu méi wéi aacht <a href="/wiki/Sonnemass" title="Sonnemass">Sonnemassen</a> halen hir Entwécklung mat engem Kärkollaps, no dem komplette Verbrauch vun hirem nukleare Brennstoff op. Et kann dann ee kompakten Objet, vläicht ee <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsar</a> oder ee <a href="/wiki/Schwaarzt_Lach" title="Schwaarzt Lach">Schwaarzt Lach</a>, entstoen.</li> <li>Stäre mat wéineg Mass kënnen och als Supernova explodéieren, awer nëmmen dann, wa se an engem <a href="/wiki/Duebelst%C3%A4r" title="Duebelstär">Duebelstäresystem</a> sinn, an an hirem virleefegen Endstadium als <a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4issen_Zwerg" title="Wäissen Zwerg">Wäissen Zwerg</a>, Material vun hirem Begleeder, typescherweis engem <a href="/wiki/Roude_Ris" title="Roude Ris">roude Ris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akkretioun_(Astronomie)" title="Akkretioun (Astronomie)">akkretéieren</a>. Am Laf vun der Zäit kann et dobäi zu ville klengen <a href="/wiki/Nova_(St%C3%A4r)" title="Nova (Stär)">Nova-Ausbréch</a> kommen, bei deenen de <a href="/wiki/Waasserstoff" title="Waasserstoff">Waasserstoff</a> vum akkretéierte Gas fusionéiert a Fusiounsprodukter zeréckbleiwen. Dat setzt sech sou laang fort, bis d'Mass vum wäissen Zwerg d'<a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhar-Grenz" title="Chandrasekhar-Grenz">Chandrasekhar-Grenz</a> iwwerschreit an hien duerch seng eege Gravitatioun ze kollabéieren ufänkt. Déi dobäi ugefaange <a href="/wiki/Kuelestoff" title="Kuelestoff">Kuelestofffusioun</a> zerräisst de Stär komplett. Dofir gëtt dee Phenomeen och als <i>thermonuklear</i> Supernova bezeechent, eng weider Bezeechnung ass <i>Supernova vum Typ 1a</i>. Obschonn dobäi relativ massenaarm Stäre bedeelegt sinn, sinn dat mat Ofstand déi hellst Supernovaen.</li></ol> <p>Bekannt Supernovae sinn d'<a href="/wiki/Supernova_1987A" title="Supernova 1987A">Supernova 1987A</a> an der Grousser <a href="/wiki/Magellanesch_Wolleken" title="Magellanesch Wolleken">Magellanescher Wollek</a> an d'Supernova vum <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> <a href="/wiki/Supernova_1604" title="Supernova 1604">Supernova 1604</a>. Speziell déi, an déi vum <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a>, d'<a href="/wiki/Supernova_1572" title="Supernova 1572">Supernova 1572</a>, hunn d'<a href="/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie">Astronomie</a> befligelt, well doduerch déi klassesch Opfaassung vun der Onverännerlechkeet vun der <a href="/wiki/Fixst%C3%A4r" title="Fixstär">Fixstärsphär</a> definitiv widderluecht gouf. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nimm_a_Klassifikatioun">Nimm a Klassifikatioun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt änneren: Nimm a Klassifikatioun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Nimm a Klassifikatioun"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border: 1px solid #000000; margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; text-align: left" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center">Historesch Supernovaen </th></tr> <tr> <td width="70"><i>Joer</i> </td> <td width="200"><i>Observéiert am</i> </td> <td width="50"><i>maximal <a href="/wiki/Visuell_Magnitude" title="Visuell Magnitude">visuell Magnitude</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Supernova_185" title="Supernova 185">185</a></td> <td>Stärebild <a href="/wiki/Centaurus_(St%C3%A4rebild)" title="Centaurus (Stärebild)">Centaurus</a></td> <td>−6 mag. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_386&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova 386 (Säit gëtt et net)">386</a></td> <td>Stärebild <a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(St%C3%A4rebild)" title="Sagittarius (Stärebild)">Sagittarius</a></td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_393&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova 393 (Säit gëtt et net)">393</a></td> <td>Stärebild <a href="/wiki/Scorpius_(St%C3%A4rebild)" title="Scorpius (Stärebild)">Scorpius</a></td> <td>−3 mag </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_1006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova 1006 (Säit gëtt et net)">1006</a></td> <td>Stärebild <a href="/wiki/Lupus_(St%C3%A4rebild)" title="Lupus (Stärebild)">Lupus</a></td> <td>-7.5 ±0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_1054&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova 1054 (Säit gëtt et net)">1054</a></td> <td>Stärebild <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(St%C3%A4rebild)" title="Taurus (Stärebild)">Taurus</a></td> <td>−6 mag </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_1181&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova 1181 (Säit gëtt et net)">1181</a></td> <td>Stärebild <a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(St%C3%A4rebild)" title="Cassiopeia (Stärebild)">Cassiopeia</a></td> <td>−2 mag </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Supernova_1572" title="Supernova 1572">1572</a></td> <td>Stärebild Cassiopeia</td> <td>−4 mag </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Supernova_1604" title="Supernova 1604">1604</a></td> <td>Stärebild <a href="/wiki/Ophiuchus" title="Ophiuchus">Ophiuchus</a></td> <td>−2 mag </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_A" title="Cassiopeia A">1680</a></td> <td>Stärebild Cassiopeia</td> <td>+6 mag </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=S_Andromedae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S Andromedae (Säit gëtt et net)">1885</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andromedaniwwel" class="mw-redirect" title="Andromedaniwwel">Andromedaniwwel</a></td> <td>+6 mag </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_1979C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova 1979C (Säit gëtt et net)">1979</a></td> <td>Galaxie <a href="/wiki/Messier_100" title="Messier 100">Messier 100</a></td> <td>+11.6 mag </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Supernova_1987A" title="Supernova 1987A">1987</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magellanesch_Wolleken" title="Magellanesch Wolleken">Magellanesch Wolleken</a></td> <td>+3 mag </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_080319B_GRB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova 080319B GRB (Säit gëtt et net)">2008</a></td> <td>Stärebild <a href="/wiki/Bootes_(St%C3%A4rebild)" title="Bootes (Stärebild)">Bootes</a></td> <td>+5.8 mag </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Supernovae ginn am Allgemenge mat dem Virsaz <i>SN</i>, dem Entdeckungsjoer an engem alphabeteschen Zousaz benannt. Ufanks huet dësen Zousaz aus engem grousse Buschtaf bestanen, deen alphabetesch an der Reiefolg vun der Entdeckung vergi gouf. Beispillsweis war d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_SN_1987A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova SN 1987A (Säit gëtt et net)">SN 1987A</a> déi éischt déi am Joer 1987, géint Enn Februar entdeckt gouf. <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a> goufe méi wéi 26 Supernovaen entdeckt: vun der 27. Supernova un, ginn zanterhier kleng Duebelbuschstawe vun „aa“ bis „zz“ verginn. Mat de modernen Teleskopen a Sichprogrammer ginn all Joer e puer honnert Supernovaen entdeckt: 2005 waren et 367 (bis SN 2005nc), 2006 waren et 551 (bis SN 2006ue) an 2007 souguer 572 (bis SN2007uz). </p><p>De Supernovaundeel vun enger Galaxie hänkt dovun of, wéi vill Stären do nei entstinn, well Supernovaen an astronomeschen Intervalle kuerz, nëmme wéineg Millioune Joer, no hirem Entstoe geschéien. Fir d'<a href="/wiki/M%C3%ABllechstrooss" title="Mëllechstrooss">Mëllechstrooss</a> gi ronn 20 ± 8 Supernovae pro Joerdausend geschat, wouvun am leschte Joerdausend der 6 gesi goufen. Ongeféier 2/3 vun de galakteschen SN bleiwe wéinste der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extinctioun_(Astronomie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extinctioun (Astronomie) (Säit gëtt et net)">Extinctioun</a> vun der galaktescher Scheif verstoppt. </p><p>Et ënnerscheet een historesch graff zwéin Typpe vu Supernovaen, déi sech awer net mat de physikaleschen Explosiounsmechanismen decken. D'Andeelung geschitt nom Krittär, ob an de Spektre vum Fréistadium vun der Supernova <a href="/wiki/Spektrallinn" title="Spektrallinn">Spektrallinne</a> vu Waasserstoff ze gesi sinn oder net. Et gëtt den Typ I mat den Ënnergruppen Ia, Ib an Ic, bei deem keng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balmerserie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balmerserie (Säit gëtt et net)">Waasserstofflinne</a> siichtbar sinn, an den Typ II mat Waasserstofflinnen (kuckt Tabelle). Déi graff Typpebezeechnunge goufen 1939 vum <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Minkowski" title="Rudolph Minkowski">Rudolph Minkowski</a> agefouert, zanterhier goufe se verbessert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supernovatyppen_Ib_an_Ic">Supernovatyppen Ib an Ic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt änneren: Supernovatyppen Ib an Ic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Supernovatyppen Ib an Ic"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bei Supernovae vum Typ Ib ass virun der Explosioun de Waasserstoffmantel ofgestouss ginn, soudatt bei der Explosioun keng Spektrallinn vum <a href="/wiki/Waasserstoff" title="Waasserstoff">Waasserstoff</a> observéiert ka ginn. Den Explosiounstyp Ic trëtt op, wann zousätzlech nach den Heliumsmantel vum Stär ofgestouss gëtt, soudatt och keng Spektrallinne vum <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> optrieden. Och déi Explosiounen entstinn duerch ee Kärkollaps, an et bleift en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutronest%C3%A4r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neutronestär (Säit gëtt et net)">Neutronestär</a> oder ee <a href="/wiki/Schwaarzt_Lach" title="Schwaarzt Lach">Schwaarzt Lach</a> zeréck. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="D'Ënnertyppen_II-L_an_II-P"><span id="D.27.C3.8Bnnertyppen_II-L_an_II-P"></span>D'Ënnertyppen II-L an II-P</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt änneren: D'Ënnertyppen II-L an II-P" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: D'Ënnertyppen II-L an II-P"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Supernovae vum Typ II ginn nach weider ënnerscheet. Dës weider Ënnerdeelung riicht sech no dem Krittär, ob d'Hellegkeet vun der Supernova mat der Zäit éischter linear ofhëlt (Typ SN II-L) oder wärend dem Ofhuelen eng Plateauphas duerchleeft (Typ SN II-P). D'Spëtzewärter vun der <a href="/wiki/Absolut_Hellegkeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolut Hellegkeet">absolutter Hellegkeet</a> weise beim SN II-P eng breet Streeung, wärend déi meescht SN II-L bal gläich Maximalhellegkeeten hunn. Supernovae vum Typ II-L hunn eng kleng Expansiounsvitess, soudatt hir Hellegkeet schonn a fréie Stadie vu radioaktive Prozesser bestëmmt gëtt. Doduerch trëtt wéineg Streeung vu Maximalhellegkeeten op (Young, Branch, 1989). D'Supernova <a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1979C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 1979C (Säit gëtt et net)">SN 1979C</a> ass e Beispill fir den Typ II-L. </p> <table class="prettytable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3"><b>SN I</b>: Fréit Spektrum ouni Waasserstofflinn </td> <td colspan="3"><b>SN II</b>: Fréit Spektrum mat Waasserstofflinn </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b>SN Ia</b>: Spektrum mat Silizium </td> <td colspan="2">Spektrum ouni Silizium </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>SN IIb</b>: Heliumlinn dominéiert </td> <td colspan="2"><b>„Normal“ SN II</b> Waasserstofflinn dominéiert </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>SN Ib</b>: Vill Helium </td> <td><b>SN Ic</b>: wéineg Helium </td> <td><b>SN II L</b>: Liicht geet nom Maximum linear zeréck </td> <td><b>SN II P</b>: Liicht bleift nom Maximum eng Zäit op héijem Niveau </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kärkollaps-_oder_hydrodynamesch_Supernovaen"><span id="K.C3.A4rkollaps-_oder_hydrodynamesch_Supernovaen"></span>Kärkollaps- oder hydrodynamesch Supernovaen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt änneren: Kärkollaps- oder hydrodynamesch Supernovaen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Kärkollaps- oder hydrodynamesch Supernovaen"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virleeferstär"><span id="Virleeferst.C3.A4r"></span>Virleeferstär</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt änneren: Virleeferstär" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Virleeferstär"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No der haut allgemeng unerkannter Theorie vum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravitatiounskollaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gravitatiounskollaps (Säit gëtt et net)">Gravitatiounskollaps</a>, déi fir d'éischt <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a> vum <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Zwicky" title="Fritz Zwicky">Fritz Zwicky</a> opgestallt gouf, trëtt eng Supernova vun dësem Typ um Liewensenn vun engem masseräiche Stär op, wann hie säi <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4rbrennstoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kärbrennstoff (Säit gëtt et net)">Kärbrennstoff</a> fir déi stellar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nukleosynthes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nukleosynthes (Säit gëtt et net)">Nukleosynthes</a> komplett verbraucht huet. Stäre mat Ufanksmassen tëscht ongeféier aacht bis zéng an 30 <a href="/wiki/Sonnemass" title="Sonnemass">Sonnemassen</a> schléissen hir Existenz als Stär an enger Typ-II-Explosioun, masseräich Stären explodéieren als Typ Ib/c. All dës Stären duerchlafen an hirem Kär déi verschiddenst <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">energie</a>fräigesate Fusiounskette bis hin zu der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nukleosynthese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nukleosynthese (Säit gëtt et net)">Synthetiséierung</a> vun Eisen. Supernovae vum Typ Ib oder Ic duerchlafe virun der Explosioun eng <a href="/wiki/Wolf-Rayet-St%C3%A4r" title="Wolf-Rayet-Stär">Wolf-Rayet-Stärephas</a>, an där si hir baussenzeg, nach waasserstoffräich Schichten a Form vun engem <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4rewand" title="Stärewand">Stärewand</a> ofstoussen. </p><p>Sou setzt, nodeem de <a href="/wiki/Waasserstoff" title="Waasserstoff">Waasserstoff</a> am Kär vum Stär zu <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> fusionéiert huet, eng weider <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4rfusioun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kärfusioun (Säit gëtt et net)">Fusiounsstuf</a> an, den <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A4i-Alpha-Prozess" class="mw-redirect" title="Dräi-Alpha-Prozess">Dräi-Alpha-Prozess</a>, an deem Helium iwwer d'Zwëscheproduit <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Beryllium</a> zu <a href="/wiki/Kuelestoff" title="Kuelestoff">Kuelestoff</a> fusionéiert. Dëst gëtt méiglech, well de Stär duerch deen wegfalenden Géigendrock am Zenter zesummezefalen ufänkt, wouduerch sech <a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">Temperatur</a> an <a href="/wiki/Dicht" title="Dicht">Dicht</a> vergréisseren. An der nächster Fusiounsstuf entsteet <a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">Sauerstoff</a>. Dobäi gëtt nees Energie fräi, déi de Stär vu banne mat Géigendrock versuergt a sou den Zesummefall ophält. Weider Fusiounsstufen loossen de Stär nach méi kleng ginn a sou ëmmer nei Elementer fusionéieren. Beim <a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen">Eisen</a>, dem 26. Element, stoppt d'Fusiounsketten, well Eisenatomkären déi héchst <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bannungsenergie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bannungsenergie (Säit gëtt et net)">Bannungsenergie</a> vun allen Atomkären huet a weider Fusiounen Energie verbrauchen, amplaz ze maachen. Bei der Explosioun selwer trieden allerdéngs Bedingungen op, déi zu der Bildung vu schwéieren Elementer wéi <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A4i" title="Bläi">Bläi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> an <a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">Uran</a> féieren. </p><p>Déi noeneen optriedend Fusiounsstufen lafen ëmmer méi séier of. Wärend e masseräiche Stär vun ongeféier aacht Sonnemassen ettlech zéng Millioune Joer brauch, fir säi Waasserstoff zu Helium ëmzewandelen, brauch déi follgend <a href="/wiki/Heliumbrennen" title="Heliumbrennen">Ëmwandlung vun Helium</a> a <a href="/wiki/Kuelestoff" title="Kuelestoff">Kuelestoff</a> „nëmmen“ nach e puer Millioune Joer. D'Dauer vun der leschter Phas, an där <a href="/wiki/Silizium" title="Silizium">Silizium</a> zu Eise <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siliziumbrennen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siliziumbrennen (Säit gëtt et net)">fusionéiert</a>, léisst sech a Stonne bis Deeg moossen. D'Vitess, mat där ee Stär de Brennstoff a sengem Kär ëmsetzt, hänkt vun der Temperatur an der Dicht an domat indirekt vum Drock of, den op dem Kär läit an deen duerch d'Gravitatioun entsteet. Eng wichteg Konsequenz vun dësem Zesummenhang ass, datt ee Stär aus Schichte besteet, an deenen no baussen hin d'Ëmsetzungsvitess ofhëlt. Och wann am Kär schonn d'<a href="/wiki/Heliumbrennen" title="Heliumbrennen">Heliumbrennen</a> asetzt, erfollegt an de Schichten driwwer nach d'<a href="/wiki/Waasserstoffbrennen" title="Waasserstoffbrennen">Waasserstoffbrennen</a>. Déi absolut Fusiounsvitess am Kär klëmmt mat zouhuelender Stäremass exponentiell un. Wärend ee Stär mat enger Sonnemass ongeféier 10 Milliarde Joer brauch, läit d'Liewensdauer vun extreem schwéiere Stäre mat ronn 100 Sonnemassen nëmmen nach an der Gréissenuerdnung vu wéinege Millioune Joer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kärkollaps"><span id="K.C3.A4rkollaps"></span>Kärkollaps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt änneren: Kärkollaps" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Kärkollaps"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Core_collapse_scenario.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Core_collapse_scenario.png/250px-Core_collapse_scenario.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Core_collapse_scenario.png/375px-Core_collapse_scenario.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Core_collapse_scenario.png/500px-Core_collapse_scenario.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Graphesch Duerstellung vun engem Kärkollaps</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Supernova1987A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Supernova1987A.jpg/250px-Supernova1987A.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Supernova1987A.jpg/375px-Supernova1987A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Supernova1987A.jpg/500px-Supernova1987A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>D'Reschter vun der <a href="/wiki/Supernova_1987A" title="Supernova 1987A">Supernova 1987A</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Sig06-028.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Sig06-028.jpg/250px-Sig06-028.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Sig06-028.jpg/375px-Sig06-028.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Sig06-028.jpg/500px-Sig06-028.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2244" /></a><figcaption>NGC 1952SST – Iwwerrescht vun enger Supernova</figcaption></figure> <p>D'Eisen, d'„Äschen“ vum nukleare Brennen, bleift am Kär vum Stär zeréck. Stären, an deenen Eisen duerch Fusioun synthetiséiert gëtt, produzéieren ëmmer een Eisekär, deem seng Mass d'<a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhar-Grenz" title="Chandrasekhar-Grenz">Chandrasekhar-Grenz</a> iwwerschreit. Am Fall vun engem Eisekär vum Virleefer vun engem Typ II Supernova läit d'Grenzmass bei ronn 0,9 Sonnemassen. De entstanenen Eisekär iwwerschreit also d'Grenzmass an huet dofir keng stabil Konfiguratioun. Deen doraus entstanene Kollaps vum Zentralgebitt gëtt normalerweis vun zwéi Prozesser ënnerstëtzt a méi séier gemaach: Éischtens ginn duerch Photonen héichenergetesch Gammastralung Eisenatomkäre mat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Photodesintegratioun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photodesintegratioun (Säit gëtt et net)">Photodesintegratioun</a> zerstéiert. Dobäi entstin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphastralung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alphastralung (Säit gëtt et net)">α-Deelchen</a> an <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutronen</a>; d'α-Deelercher kënne vu sech duerch sou Photonen an hir Kärbausteng, <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Protonen</a> an Neutronen, zerluecht ginn. Wéinst der héijer Eisekärestabilitéit gëtt fir dee Prozess Energie gebraucht. Zweetens ginn am sougenannten ëmgedréinte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Betazerfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betazerfall (Säit gëtt et net)">β-Zerfall</a> fräi <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Elektronen</a> duerch <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Protonen</a> agefaangen. Dobäi entsti weider Neutronen, an <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">Neutrinose</a> ginn fräigesat (J. Cooperstein and E. A. Baron, 1990). Souwuel den Energieverloscht duerch d'Photodesintegratioun wéi och de Verloscht vu fräien Elektrone maachen eng staark Reduktioun vum Drock am Kär. </p><p>De Kollaps vum Zentralgebitt geschitt sou séier – banne Millisekonnen –, datt d'Afallvitess schonn op 20 bis 50 km Ofstand zum Zenter méi grouss wéi déi lokal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schallvitess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schallvitess (Säit gëtt et net)">Schallvitess</a> vum Medium ass. Déi bannenzeg Schichte kënnen nëmme wéinst hirer grousser Dicht d'Drockinformatioun séier genuch transportéieren. Déi baussenzeg Schichte falen als <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stousswell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stousswell (Säit gëtt et net)">Stousswell</a> an den Zentrum. Soubal dee bannenzegen Deel vum Kär Dichten op nuklearem Niveau erreecht, besteet e scho bal ganz aus Neutronen. Neutronen hunn och eng iewescht Grenzmass (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff-Grenz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff-Grenz (Säit gëtt et net)">Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff-Grenz</a>, jee no Modell ongeféier 2,7 bis 3 Sonnemassen). Déi gëtt net vum Neutronekär iwwerschratt. Hie gëtt opgrond <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantenmechanik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantenmechanik (Säit gëtt et net)">quantenmechanesche</a> Reegelen (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Entart_Mati%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entart Matière (Säit gëtt et net)">Entartungssdrock</a>) inkompressibel, an de Kollaps gëtt ganz séier gestoppt. Dat bewierkt ee giganteschen Drock- an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompaktioun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompaktioun (Säit gëtt et net)">Dichterhéijung</a> am Zentrum, soudatt och d'Neutrinos net méi ongehënnert entwäiche kënnen. Dës Drockinformatioun gëtt um Neutronekän reflektéiert a leeft elo nees no baussen. D'Drockwell erreecht séier Gebidder mat ze klenger Schallvitess, déi nach am Afall sinn. Et entsteet eng weider Stousswell, déi sech awer elo no bausse fortbeweegt. D'Materiel duerch dat d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoussfront&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stoussfront (Säit gëtt et net)">Stoussfront</a> leeft, gëtt ganz staark zesummengepresst, wouduerch et ganz héich Temperature kritt (Bethe, 1990). E groussen Deel vun hirer Energie gëtt beim Duerchlafe vum baussenzegen Eisekär duerch weider Photodesintegratioun verbraucht. Well déi nuklear Bannungsenergie vum totalen Eisen ongeféier grad sou grouss wéi d'Energie vun der Stousswell ass, géif déi net ouni eng Erneierung aus dem Stär ausbriechen a keng Explosioun maachen. Als Korrektur ginn nach d'Neutrinos als zousätzeich <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">Energie</a>- an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impuls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impuls (Säit gëtt et net)">Impuls</a>quelle betruecht. Normalerweis hunn Neutrinos sou gutt wéi keng Interaktioun mat der Matière. An der Stoussfront bestinn awer sou héich Dichten, datt d'Wiesselwierkung vun den Neutrinos mat der Matière net méi vernoléissegt ka ginn. Well vun der totaler Supernovaenergie de gréissten Deel an d'Neutrinos geet, geet eng relativ kleng Absorptioun duer, fir de Stouss nees opliewen an aus dem kollabéierendem Eisekär ausbriechen ze loossen. Nom Verloosse vum Eisekär, wann hir Temperatur ofgefall ass, kritt d'Drockwell zousätzlech Energie duerch nei Fusiounsreaktionen. </p><p>Déi extreem staark erhëtzt Gasschichten, déi neutroneräicht Material aus de baussenzege Beräicher vum Zentralgebitt mat sech räissen, bréien dobäi am <a href="/w/index.php?title=R-Prozess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R-Prozess (Säit gëtt et net)">r-Prozess</a> (<i>r</i> vum engl. <i>rapid</i>, "séier") schwéier Elementer déi Säit vum Eisen, wéi zum Beispill <a href="/wiki/Koffer" title="Koffer">Koffer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selwer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selwer (Säit gëtt et net)">Selwer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a> oder <a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">Uran</a>. Ongeféier d'Hallschent vun den Elementer déi op de <a href="/wiki/Plan%C3%A9it" title="Planéit">Planéite</a> virkommen (déi Säit vum Eisen) stamen aus Supernovaexplosiounen, wärend déi aner Hallschent am <a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Prozess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Prozess (Säit gëtt et net)">s-Prozess</a> vu massenarme Stären opgehëtzt an dann <a href="/wiki/AGB-St%C3%A4r" title="AGB-Stär">Risephasen</a> an de Weltraum ofgi sinn. Hanner der Stoussfront deene sech déi erhëtzte Gasmasse séier aus. Dem Gas seng Vitess gëtt no baussen ëmmer méi grouss. E puer Stonnen no dem Zentralberäichkollaps gëtt Stäresurface erreecht, an d'Gasmasse ginn elo duerch Supernovaexplosioun ofgesprengt a siichtbar. De Mantel vun der Supernova erreecht dobäi Vitesse vu Millioune Kilometere pro Stonn. Nieft där als Stralung ofgestoussener Energie, gëtt de Groussdeel vun 99 % beim Kollaps duerch fräigesaten Energie a Form vun Neutrinos fortgeschleidert. Well si sech bal mat <a href="/wiki/Liichtvitess" title="Liichtvitess">Liichtvitess</a> beweegen, kënne se vun der Äerd aus e puer Stonne virun der optescher Supernova gemooss ginn, wéi bei der <a href="/wiki/Supernova_1987A" title="Supernova 1987A">Supernova 1987A</a>. Supernovae vum Typ II ginn och als <i>hydrodynamesch</i> Supernovae bezeechent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dicht_Objeten">Dicht Objeten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Abschnitt änneren: Dicht Objeten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Dicht Objeten"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>D'Form vun den Iwwerreschter, déi vun engem Stär zeréckbleiwen, hänkt vu senger Mass of. Net déi ganz baussenzeg Schichte gi bei der Supernovaexplosioun fortgeschleidert. De Gas dee Rescht bleift <a href="/wiki/Akkretiounsscheif" title="Akkretiounsscheif">akkretéiert</a> op de Kär deen am Zenter zesummefält, an dee bal ganz aus Neutrone besteet. De Gas deen nofält gëtt duerch déi uewe beschriwwe Prozesser och an Neutronen zerluecht, soudatt een <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutronest%C3%A4r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neutronestär (Säit gëtt et net)">Neutronestär</a> entsteet. Wann de Stär duerch d'Material dat nofält nach méi schwéier gëtt, (méi wéi 3 Sonnemassen), da kann d'Gravitatiounskraaft och deen duerch de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pauli-Prinzip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pauli-Prinzip (Säit gëtt et net)">Pauli-Prinzip</a> bedéngte Géigendrock iwwerwannen, deen an engem Neutronestär d'Neutrone géinteneen ofgrenzt, an en doduerch stabiliséiert (kuckt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entaartend_Mati%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entaartend Matière (Säit gëtt et net)">Entaartend Matière</a>). De Stärerescht stierzt elo ganz zesummen an et entsteet ee <a href="/wiki/Schwaarzt_Lach" title="Schwaarzt Lach">Schwaarzt Lach</a>, aus deem sengem Gravitatiounsfeld kee Signal méi erauskënnt. Nei Observatioune loossen unhuelen, datt et eng weider Tëscheform gëtt, déi sougenannt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarkst%C3%A4r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarkstär (Säit gëtt et net)">Quarkstären</a>, bei deenen d'Matière aus rengen <a href="/wiki/Quark_(Physik)" title="Quark (Physik)">Quark</a> opgebaut ass. </p><p>Neutronestäre rotéiere wéinst dem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirouetteneffet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirouetteneffet (Säit gëtt et net)">Pirouetteneffet</a> dacks mat ganz héijer Vitess vu bis zu 1000 Ëmdréiunge pro Sekonn, well den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr%C3%A9iimpuls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dréiimpuls (Säit gëtt et net)">Dréiimpuls</a> beim Kollaps erhale bleift. </p><p>Déi héich Dréivitess generéiert e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C3%A9it&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnéit (Säit gëtt et net)">Magnéitfeld</a>, dat mat den Deelercher vum ofgestoussene Gasniwwel a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiesselwierkung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiesselwierkung (Säit gëtt et net)">Wiesselwierkung</a> trëtt, a sou vun der <a href="/wiki/%C3%84erd" title="Äerd">Äerd</a> aus registréierbar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Signal (Säit gëtt et net)">Signaler</a> mécht. Am Fall vun Neutronestäre schwätzt en dobäi vu <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsaren</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thermonuklear_Supernovae_vum_Typ_Ia">Thermonuklear Supernovae vum Typ Ia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Abschnitt änneren: Thermonuklear Supernovae vum Typ Ia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Thermonuklear Supernovae vum Typ Ia"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eng Supernova vum Typ Ia entsteet no dem aktuelle Modell nëmme bei <a href="/wiki/Duebelst%C3%A4r" title="Duebelstär">Duebelstärsystemen</a>, wou deen ee Stär e <a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4issen_Zwerg" title="Wäissen Zwerg">Wäissen Zwerg</a>, an deen aneren e <a href="/wiki/Roude_Ris" title="Roude Ris">Roude Ris</a> ass. De Wäissen Zwerg <a href="/wiki/Akkretioun_(Astronomie)" title="Akkretioun (Astronomie)">akkretéiert</a> am Laf vun der Zäit Gas aus dem ausgedeente Mantel vu sengem Begleeder, woubäi et zu villen <a href="/wiki/Nova_(St%C3%A4r)" title="Nova (Stär)">Nova-Ausbréch</a> komme kann, bei deem de Waasserstoff vum akkretéierte Gas fusionéiert a Fusiounsproduien zeréck bleiwen. Dat setzt sech sou laang fort, bis seng Mass d'<a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhar-Grenz" title="Chandrasekhar-Grenz">Chandrasekhar-Grenz</a> iwwerschreit an hien duerch seng Eegegravitatioun ze kollabéieren ufänkt. Am Géigesaz zum Eisenkär vun engem SN-II-Virleeferstär huet de Wäissen Zwerg awer grouss Quantitéiten un fusiounsfäegem Kuelestoff, soudatt de Kollaps zum Neutronestär duerch eng rapid <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4rfusioun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kärfusioun (Säit gëtt et net)">Kärfusioun</a> verhënnet gëtt, an de Stär explodéiert. Dofir gëtt dëse Phenomeen och als <i>thermonuklear</i> Supernova bezeechent. </p><p>No ënnerschiddlech theoreetesche Modeller kann d'Kärfusioun als <a href="/w/index.php?title=Detonatioun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detonatioun (Säit gëtt et net)">Detonatioun</a> wéi och als <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deflagratioun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deflagratioun (Säit gëtt et net)">Deflagratioun</a> oflafen. Déi optriedend Supernova-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Explosioun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Explosioun (Säit gëtt et net)">Explosioun</a> ass ëmmer bannescht enger gewëssener Stäerkt, well déi kritesch Mass souwéi d'Zesummesetzung vum Wäissen Zwerg konstant sinn. Bei enger Supernova-Explosioun vum Typ Ia bleift keen dicht Objet iwwereg – déi ganz Matière gëtt als Supernovarescht an de Weltraum geschleidert. De Begleederstär gëtt zu engem sougenannten „Runaway“-Stär (engl. „Deserteur“), well hie mat senger – normalerweis héijer – Orbitalvitess dovugeschleidert gëtt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distanzmiessunge_mat_Hëllef_vu_Supernovaen"><span id="Distanzmiessunge_mat_H.C3.ABllef_vu_Supernovaen"></span>Distanzmiessunge mat Hëllef vu Supernovaen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Abschnitt änneren: Distanzmiessunge mat Hëllef vu Supernovaen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Distanzmiessunge mat Hëllef vu Supernovaen"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Well d'Stralung besonnesch am spéide Verlaf vun enger Supernova Typ Ia gréisstendeels duerch de radioaktiven Zerfall vun <sup>56</sup><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9ckel" title="Néckel">Ni</a> zu <sup>56</sup><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobalt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobalt (Säit gëtt et net)">Co</a> an dësem zu <sup>56</sup><a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen">Fe</a> geniert gëtt, woubäi d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallefw%C3%A4ertz%C3%A4it&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallefwäertzäit (Säit gëtt et net)">Hallefwäertzäiten</a> ongeféier 6 respektiv 77 Deeg bedroen (dës Theorie gouf fir d'éischt vum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Hoyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Hoyle (Säit gëtt et net)">Fred Hoyle</a> a vum <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a> am Joer <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a> opgestallt), ass d'Form vum <a href="/wiki/Liichtbou" title="Liichtbou">Liichtbou</a> bal ëmmer d'selwecht. Duerch déi Eegenschafte vun enger sougenannter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standardk%C3%A4erz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standardkäerz (Säit gëtt et net)">Standardkäerz</a> loosse sech un sou Supernova-Explosiounen relativ genee <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distanzbest%C3%ABmmung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distanzbestëmmung (Säit gëtt et net)">Distanzbestëmmungen</a> am <a href="/wiki/Weltraum" title="Weltraum">Weltraum</a> maachen, woubäi och d'Zäitskala vum Liichtbou nieft de <a href="/wiki/Spektrallinn" title="Spektrallinn">Spektrallinnen</a> fir d'Bestëmmung vun der <a href="/wiki/Routverr%C3%A9cklung" title="Routverrécklung">Routverrécklung</a> gebraucht ka ginn, well sech bei enger Routverrécklung vun z. B. 2 och den zäitlechen Oflaf fir den <a href="/wiki/Observateur" class="mw-disambig" title="Observateur">Observateur</a> ëm dëse Facteur verlängert. D'Iddi dozou geet op de <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Zwicky" title="Fritz Zwicky">Fritz Zwicky</a> zeréck. Duerch d'Distanzmiessunge vu Supernova-Explosiounen, déi viru ronn 7 Milliarde Joer geschitt sinn, kann een déi séier Expansioun vum Universum (kuckt z. B. <a href="/wiki/Hubble-Konstant" title="Hubble-Konstant">Hubble-Konstant</a>) beleeën. Fir d'Supernovae wierklech als Standardkäerz ze gebrauchen, mussen d'Explosiounsmechanismen awer nach besser erfuerscht a verstane ginn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supernovareschter">Supernovareschter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Abschnitt änneren: Supernovareschter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Supernovareschter"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>D'Matière déi bei enger Supernova fortgeschleidert gëtt bilt en <a href="/wiki/Emissiounsniwwel" title="Emissiounsniwwel">Emissiounsniwwel</a>, dee besote „<a href="/wiki/Supernovarescht" title="Supernovarescht">Supernovarescht</a>“, am Géigesaz zu dem eventuelle Rescht vum Kärkollaps, deen an der <a href="/wiki/Astrophysik" title="Astrophysik">Astrophysik</a> als „kompakten Objet“ bezeechent gëtt. De bekanntste Supernovarescht ass de <a href="/wiki/Krabbniwwel" class="mw-redirect" title="Krabbniwwel">Krabbniwwel</a>, deen no der Explosioun vum <a href="/w/index.php?title=SN1054&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN1054 (Säit gëtt et net)">SN1054</a> entstanen ass. Déi Supernova huet och ee <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsar</a> zeréckgelooss. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gefore_fir_d'Äerd"><span id="Gefore_fir_d.27.C3.84erd"></span>Gefore fir d'Äerd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Abschnitt änneren: Gefore fir d'Äerd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Gefore fir d'Äerd"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Well eng Supernova no bei eiser Äerd katastrophal fir d'Liewen op eisem Planéit wier, geneesou wéi d'Noperschaft vun engem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwaarze_Lach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwaarze Lach (Säit gëtt et net)">Schwaarze Lach</a> –beonrouegend. Well awer e Stär virun enger Supernova bestëmmt Phasen duerchleeft, kann exakt virausgesot ginn, ob e Stär kuerz virun enger Supernova steet oder net. Am Beräich ëm eis Äerd, gëtt et kee Stär, deen eng Supernova ausléise kënnt. All Observatioune vu Supernovae ginn an anere Galaxien oder wäiten Deeler vun eiser <a href="/wiki/M%C3%ABllechstrooss" title="Mëllechstrooss">Mëllechstrooss</a> gemaach. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kuckt_och">Kuckt och</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Abschnitt änneren: Kuckt och" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Kuckt och"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ver%C3%A4nnerleche_St%C3%A4r" title="Verännerleche Stär">Verännerleche Stär</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypernova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypernova (Säit gëtt et net)">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomesch_Begr%C3%ABffer" title="Astronomesch Begrëffer">Astronomesch Begrëffer</a></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Saturn_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Saturn_01.svg/25px-Saturn_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Saturn_01.svg/38px-Saturn_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Saturn_01.svg/50px-Saturn_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="644" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomie" title="Portal:Astronomie">Portal Astronomie</a></b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Abschnitt änneren: Literatur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=13" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>V. N. Gamezo, A. M. Khokhlov & E. S. Oran, <i>Deflagrations and Detonations in Thermonuclear Supernovae</i>, Physical Review Letters, vol. 92, issue 21, id. 211102, 05/2004 (auch <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0406101">astro-ph/0406101</a>)</li> <li>R. Dean et al., <i>A Comparative Study of the Absolute Magnitude Distributions of Supernovae</i>, The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 123, Issue 2, pp. 745–752, 02/2002 (auch <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0112051">astro-ph/0112051</a>)</li> <li>D.H. Clark & F.R. Stephenson, "The Historical Supernovae", Pergamon Press, Oxford u.a., 1977, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:Bicher_mat_hirer_ISBN_sichen/0080209149" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-08-020914-9</a></li> <li>J. Cooperstein & E. Baron, <i> Supernovae: The Direct Mechanism and the Equation of State</i>, in <i>Supernovae</i> edited by A. G. Petschek, Springer 1990</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">H. Bethe</a>, <i>Supernova mechanisms</i>, Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 62, No.4, October 1990</li> <li>T.R. Young & D. Branch, <i>Absolute lightcurves of type II supernovae</i>, ApJ <b>342</b>, L79-L82 (1989)</li> <li>W. Hillebrandt, H.-T. Janka und E. Müller, <i>Rätselhafte Supernova-Explosionen</i>, Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Ausgabe 7/2005, S. 36ff</li> <li>Thorsten Dambeck, <i>Todesschrei im Röntgenlicht</i>, Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Ausgabe 9/2008, S. 14 - 15,</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Um_Spaweck">Um Spaweck</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Abschnitt änneren: Um Spaweck" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=14" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Um Spaweck"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;width:15px;height:201x;z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;padding-top:3px;z-index:3;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Haapts%C3%A4it" class="extiw" title="commons:Haaptsäit"><span style="float:left;width:15px;height:201x;font-size:201x;line-height:201x;word-spacing:15px;cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></div></div> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Supernovae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Supernovae">Commons: Supernovae</a></b> – Biller, Videoen oder Audiodateien </td></tr></tbody></table> <table border="0" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;width:{{{Breite}}};height:{{{Höhe}}};z-index:2;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Wiktionary-ico-de.png" class="mw-file-description" title="{{{Breite}}}"><img alt="{{{Breite}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;padding-top:3px;z-index:3;"><a href="https://lb.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:"><span style="float:left;width:{{{Breite}}};height:{{{Höhe}}};font-size:{{{Höhe}}};line-height:{{{Höhe}}};word-spacing:{{{Breite}}};cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></div></div> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://lb.wiktionary.org/wiki/Supernova" class="extiw" title="wikt:Supernova">Wiktionnaire: Supernova</a></b> Definitioun, Synonymmer an Iwwersetzungen </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:10px;cursor:help;" title="Sprooch: Däitsch">(de)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supernovae.net/">Großes Supernova-Archiv</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:10px;cursor:help;" title="Sprooch: Däitsch">(de)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wissenschaft.de/wissen/news/248926.html">www.wissenschaft.de: Dramatische Materieverdichtung in kollabierenden Sternen ändert Form der Atomkerne</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:10px;cursor:help;" title="Sprooch: Däitsch">(de)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wissenschaft.de/wissen/news/269855.html">www.wissenschaft.de: Astronomen finden das Überbleibsel der ältesten historisch überlieferten Supernova, die chinesische Astronomen im Jahr 185 nach Christus beobachteten</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:10px;cursor:help;" title="Sprooch: Däitsch">(de)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wissenschaft.de/wissenschaft/news/277911.html">www.wissenschaft.de: Rekord - Forscher beobachten hellste Supernova Monster-Sternenexplosion</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:10px;cursor:help;" title="Sprooch: Däitsch">(de)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wissenschaft.de/wissenschaft/news/284546.html">www.wissenschaft.de: Die Super-Supernova - Sternenexplosion war hell wie hundert Milliarden Sonnen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Videoen">Videoen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Abschnitt änneren: Videoen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova&action=edit&section=15" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Videoen"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:10px;cursor:help;" title="Sprooch: Däitsch">(de)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/video/video-30693.html">Echtzeit Aufnahmen der Supernova SN 2008D bei Spiegel online</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:10px;cursor:help;" title="Sprooch: Däitsch">(de)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081222201831/http://www.history.de/interactive_features/der-urknall.php">Interaktive Seite zum Urknall und der Entstehung des Universums </a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenzen">Referenzen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schabloun:Referenzen&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Referenzen"><span>Quelltext änneren</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carnegie Institution (2008, May 21). Supernova Birth Seen For First Time. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 23, 2008, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080521131549.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080521131549.htm</a></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Vun „<a dir="ltr" href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supernova&oldid=2513876">https://lb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supernova&oldid=2513876</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Kategorien" title="Spezial:Kategorien">Kategorien</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Supernovaen" title="Kategorie:Supernovaen">Supernovaen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Astrophysik" title="Kategorie:Astrophysik">Astrophysik</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verstoppt Kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:S%C3%A4iten,_d%C3%A9i_magesch_ISBN-Linke_benotzen" title="Kategorie:Säiten, déi magesch ISBN-Linke benotzen">Säiten, déi magesch ISBN-Linke benotzen</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Dës Säit gouf de(n) 19. 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