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direction</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: direction"> <meta name="keywords" content="direction"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="direction"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1767</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: direction</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1767</span> Directionally-Sensitive Personal Wearable Radiation Dosimeter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hai%20Huu%20Le">Hai Huu Le</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Junor"> Paul Junor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moshi%20Geso"> Moshi Geso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graeme%20O%E2%80%99Keefe"> Graeme O’Keefe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the authors propose a personal wearable directionally-sensitive radiation dosimeter using multiple semiconductor CdZnTe detectors. The proposed dosimeter not only measures the real-time dose rate but also provide the direction of the radioactive source. A linear relationship between radioactive source direction and the radiation intensity measured by each detectors is established and an equation to determine the source direction is derived by the authors. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed dosimeter is verified by simulation using Geant4 package. Results have indicated that in a measurement duration of about 7 seconds, the proposed dosimeter was able to estimate the direction of a 10μCi 137/55Cs radioactive source to within 2 degrees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose%20rate" title="dose rate">dose rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geant4%20package" title=" Geant4 package"> Geant4 package</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20dosimeter" title=" radiation dosimeter"> radiation dosimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioactive%20source%20direction" title=" radioactive source direction"> radioactive source direction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62933/directionally-sensitive-personal-wearable-radiation-dosimeter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1766</span> Characterization of a Hypoeutectic Al Alloy Obtained by Selective Laser Melting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jairo%20A.%20Mu%C3%B1oz">Jairo A. Muñoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Komissarov"> Alexander Komissarov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Gromov"> Alexander Gromov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this investigation, a hypoeutectic AlSi11Cu alloy was printed. This alloy was obtained in powder form with an average particle size of 40 µm. Bars 20 mm in diameter and 100 mm in length were printed with the building direction parallel to the bars' longitudinal direction. The microstructural characterization demonstrated an Al matrix surrounded by a Si network forming a coral-like pattern. The microstructure of the alloy showed a heterogeneous behavior with a mixture of columnar and equiaxed grains. Likewise, the texture indicated that the columnar grains were preferentially oriented towards the building direction, while the equiaxed followed a texture dominated by the cube component. On the other hand, the as-printed material strength showed higher values than those obtained in the same alloy using conventional processes such as casting. In addition, strength and ductility differences were found in the printed material, depending on the measurement direction. The highest values were obtained in the radial direction (565 MPa maximum strength and 4.8% elongation to failure). The lowest values corresponded to the transverse direction (508 MPa maximum strength and 3.2 elongation to failure), which corroborate the material anisotropy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20alloy" title=" aluminium alloy"> aluminium alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melting%20pools" title=" melting pools"> melting pools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20test" title=" tensile test"> tensile test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131535/characterization-of-a-hypoeutectic-al-alloy-obtained-by-selective-laser-melting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1765</span> Particle Concentration Distribution under Idling Conditions in a Residential Underground Garage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Zhao">Yu Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinsuke%20Kato"> Shinsuke Kato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianing%20Zhao"> Jianing Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Particles exhausted from cars have an adverse impacts on human health. The study developed a three-dimensional particle dispersion numerical model including particle coagulation to simulate the particle concentration distribution under idling conditions in a residential underground garage. The simulation results demonstrate that particle disperses much faster in the vertical direction than that in horizontal direction. The enhancement of particle dispersion in the vertical direction due to the increase of cars with engine running is much stronger than that in the car exhaust direction. Particle dispersion from each pair of adjacent cars has little influence on each other in the study. Average particle concentration after 120 seconds exhaust is 1.8-4.5 times higher than the initial total particles at ambient environment. Particle pollution in the residential underground garage is severe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title="dispersion">dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idling%20conditions" title=" idling conditions"> idling conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20concentration" title=" particle concentration"> particle concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20underground%20garage" title=" residential underground garage"> residential underground garage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13929/particle-concentration-distribution-under-idling-conditions-in-a-residential-underground-garage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">550</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1764</span> Secure Watermarking not at the Cost of Low Robustness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Cao">Jian Cao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a novel watermarking technique which we call the random direction embedding (RDE) watermarking. Unlike traditional watermarking techniques, the watermark energy after the RDE embedding does not focus on a fixed direction, leading to the security against the traditional unauthorized watermark removal attack. In addition, the experimental results show that when compared with the existing secure watermarking, namely natural watermarking (NW), the RDE watermarking gains significant improvement in terms of robustness. In fact, the security of the RDE watermarking is not at the cost of low robustness, and it can even achieve more robust than the traditional spread spectrum watermarking, which has been shown to be very insecure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title="robustness">robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spread%20spectrum%20watermarking" title=" spread spectrum watermarking"> spread spectrum watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking%20security" title=" watermarking security"> watermarking security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20direction%20embedding%20%28RDE%29" title=" random direction embedding (RDE)"> random direction embedding (RDE)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13722/secure-watermarking-not-at-the-cost-of-low-robustness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1763</span> Thermal Performance Investigation on Cross V-Shape Solar Air Collectors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xi%20Luo">Xi Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Ji"> Xu Ji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunfeng%20Wang"> Yunfeng Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guoliang%20Li"> Guoliang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chongqiang%20Yan"> Chongqiang Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Li"> Ming Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two different kinds of cross V-shape solar air collectors are designed and constructed. In the transverse cross V-shape collector, the V-shape bottom plate is along the air flow direction and the absorbing plate is perpendicular to the air flow direction. In the lengthway cross V-shape collector, the V-shape absorbing plate is along the air flow direction and the bottom plate is perpendicular to the air flow direction. Based on heat balance, the mathematical model is built to evaluate their performances. These thermal performances of the two cross V-shape solar air collectors and an extra traditional flat-plate solar air collector are characterized under various operating conditions by experiments. The experimental results agree well with the calculation values. The experimental results prove that the thermal efficiency of transverse cross V-shape collector precedes that of others. The air temperature at any point along the flow direction of the transverse cross V-shape collector is higher than that of the lengthway cross V-shape collector. For the transverse cross V-shape collector, the most effective length of flow channel is 0.9m. For the lengthway cross V-shape collector, a longer flow channel is necessary to achieve a good thermal performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20v-shape" title="cross v-shape">cross v-shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20air%20collector" title=" solar air collector"> solar air collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20efficiency" title=" thermal efficiency"> thermal efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87584/thermal-performance-investigation-on-cross-v-shape-solar-air-collectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1762</span> Simulation of 3-D Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using MUSIC Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duckyong%20Kim">Duckyong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Kang%20Park"> Jong Kang Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Tae%20Kim"> Jong Tae Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> DOA (Direction of Arrival) estimation is an important method in array signal processing and has a wide range of applications such as direction finding, beam forming, and so on. In this paper, we briefly introduce the MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) Algorithm, one of DOA estimation methods for analyzing several targets. Then we apply the MUSIC algorithm to the two-dimensional antenna array to analyze DOA estimation in 3D space through MATLAB simulation. We also analyze the design factors that can affect the accuracy of DOA estimation through simulation, and proceed with further consideration on how to apply the system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DOA%20estimation" title="DOA estimation">DOA estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MUSIC%20algorithm" title=" MUSIC algorithm"> MUSIC algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20spectrum" title=" spatial spectrum"> spatial spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array%20signal%20processing" title=" array signal processing"> array signal processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88658/simulation-of-3-d-direction-of-arrival-estimation-using-music-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88658.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1761</span> The Documentary Analysis of Meta-Analysis Research in Violence of Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Proud%20Arunrangsiwed">Proud Arunrangsiwed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The part of “future direction” in the findings of meta-analysis could provide the great direction to conduct the future studies. This study, “The Documentary Analysis of Meta-Analysis Research in Violence of Media” would conclude “future directions” out of 10 meta-analysis papers. The purposes of this research are to find an appropriate research design or an appropriate methodology for the future research related to the topic, “violence of media”. Further research needs to explore by longitudinal and experimental design, and also needs to have a careful consideration about age effects, time spent effects, enjoyment effects, and ordinary lifestyle of each media consumer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggressive" title="aggressive">aggressive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20direction" title=" future direction"> future direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3300/the-documentary-analysis-of-meta-analysis-research-in-violence-of-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1760</span> Experimental Investigation of Cup Anemometer under Static and Dynamic Wind Direction Changes: Evaluation of Directional Sensitivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaibhav%20Rana">Vaibhav Rana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20Balaresque"> Nicholas Balaresque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 3-cup anemometer is the most commonly used instrument for wind speed measurement and, consequently, for the wind resource assessment. Though the cup anemometer shows accurate measurement under quasi-static conditions, there is uncertainty in the measurement when subjected to field measurement. Sensitivity to the angle of attacks with respect to horizontal plane, dynamic response, and non-linear behavior in calibration due to friction. The presented work aimed to identify the sensitivity of anemometer to non-horizontal flow. The cup anemometer was investigated under low wind speed wind tunnel, first under the static flow direction changes and second under the dynamic direction changes, at a different angle of attacks, under the similar conditions of reference wind tunnel speeds. The cup anemometer response under both conditions was evaluated and compared. The results showed the anemometer under dynamic wind direction changes is highly sensitive compared to static conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy" title="wind energy">wind energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cup%20anemometer" title=" cup anemometer"> cup anemometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directional%20sensitivity" title=" directional sensitivity"> directional sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20behavior" title=" dynamic behavior"> dynamic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel" title=" wind tunnel"> wind tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130976/experimental-investigation-of-cup-anemometer-under-static-and-dynamic-wind-direction-changes-evaluation-of-directional-sensitivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1759</span> Elastic Constants of Heat Treated Wood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ergun%20Guntekin">Ergun Guntekin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effects of heat treatment on elastic constants of Black pine (Pinus nigra) wood were investigated. Specimens were exposed to heat under atmospheric pressure at two different temperatures (180 and 210 °C) and three different time levels (2, 5, 8 hours). Three Young’s modulus in three anatomical directions, six Poisson’s ratios and three Shear modulus values associated with the main directions were evaluated by compression tests. Compression strength of the samples in three principal directions was also determined. All of the properties of the specimens tested were altered by heat treatment. The degree of alteration depends on the temperature as well as duration applied. Results indicate that EL and compression strength in L direction were not significantly influenced, compression strength in R direction significantly decreased, ER, ET and compression strength in T direction were increased for shorter periods, then dropped for 8-hour application of 180 ºC. ER was not significantly affected, compression strength in R direction and EL was significantly decreased, ET and compression strength in T direction were increased for shorter periods, then decreased for 8-hour application of 210 ºC. The shear modulus of the samples was decreased with application of treatment combinations. Most of the Poisson’s ratios were not affected by heat treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20pine" title="black pine">black pine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20constants" title=" elastic constants"> elastic constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20treatment" title=" heat treatment"> heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood" title=" wood"> wood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90755/elastic-constants-of-heat-treated-wood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1758</span> Evaluation of Urban Land Development Direction in Kabul City, Afghanistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Sharif%20Ahmadi">Ahmad Sharif Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshitaka%20Kajita"> Yoshitaka Kajita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kabul, the capital and largest city in Afghanistan has been experiencing a massive population expansion and fast economic development in last decade, in which urban land has increasingly expanded and formed a high informal development territory in the city. This paper investigates the urban land development direction based on the integrated urbanization trends in Kabul city since the last and the fastest ever urban land growth period (1999-2008), which is parallel with the establishment of the new government in Afghanistan. Considering the existing challenges in terms of informal settlements, squatter settlements, the population expansion of the city, and fast economic development, as well as the huge influx of returning refugees from neighboring countries, and the sprawl direction of urbanization of the Kabul city urban fringes, this research focuses on the possible urban land development direction and trends for the city. The paper studies the feasible future land development direction of Kabul city in the northern part called Shamali basin, in which district 17 is the gateway for future development. The area has much developable area including eight districts of Kabul province, and the vast area of Parwan and Kapisa provinces. The northern area of the Kabul city generally has favorable conditions for further urbanization from the city. It is a large and relatively flat area of area in the northern part of Kabul city, with ample water resources available from the Panjshir basin as a base principle of land development direction in the area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kabul%20city" title="Kabul city">Kabul city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20development%20trends" title=" land development trends"> land development trends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20land%20development" title=" urban land development"> urban land development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60605/evaluation-of-urban-land-development-direction-in-kabul-city-afghanistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1757</span> Optical Flow Direction Determination for Railway Crossing Occupancy Monitoring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdenek%20Silar">Zdenek Silar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Dobrovolny"> Martin Dobrovolny</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article deals with the obstacle detection on a railway crossing (clearance detection). Detection is based on the optical flow estimation and classification of the flow vectors by K-means clustering algorithm. For classification of passing vehicles is used optical flow direction determination. The optical flow estimation is based on a modified Lucas-Kanade method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=background%20estimation" title="background estimation">background estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direction%20of%20optical%20flow" title=" direction of optical flow"> direction of optical flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K-means%20clustering" title=" K-means clustering"> K-means clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objects%20detection" title=" objects detection"> objects detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20crossing%20monitoring" title=" railway crossing monitoring"> railway crossing monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20vectors" title=" velocity vectors"> velocity vectors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1853/optical-flow-direction-determination-for-railway-crossing-occupancy-monitoring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1756</span> An Eigen-Approach for Estimating the Direction-of Arrival of Unknown Number of Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dia%20I.%20Abu-Al-Nadi">Dia I. Abu-Al-Nadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Mismar"> M. J. Mismar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20H.%20Ismail"> T. H. Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A technique for estimating the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of unknown number of source signals is presented using the eigen-approach. The eigenvector corresponding to the minimum eigenvalue of the autocorrelation matrix yields the minimum output power of the array. Also, the array polynomial with this eigenvector possesses roots on the unit circle. Therefore, the pseudo-spectrum is found by perturbing the phases of the roots one by one and calculating the corresponding array output power. The results indicate that the DOAs and the number of source signals are estimated accurately in the presence of a wide range of input noise levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array%20signal%20processing" title="array signal processing">array signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direction-of-arrival" title=" direction-of-arrival"> direction-of-arrival</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20arrays" title=" antenna arrays"> antenna arrays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eigenvalues" title=" Eigenvalues"> Eigenvalues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eigenvectors" title=" Eigenvectors"> Eigenvectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagrange%20multiplier" title=" Lagrange multiplier"> Lagrange multiplier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50693/an-eigen-approach-for-estimating-the-direction-of-arrival-of-unknown-number-of-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1755</span> Directional Dust Deposition Measurements: The Influence of Seasonal Changes and the Meteorological Conditions Influencing in Witbank Area and Carletonville Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maphuti%20Georgina%20Kwata">Maphuti Georgina Kwata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coal mining in Mpumalanga Province is known of contributing to the atmospheric pollution from various activities. Gold mining in North-West Province is known of also contributing to the atmospheric pollution especially with the production of radon gas. In this research directional dust deposition gauge was used to measure source of direction and meteorological data was used to determine the wind rose blowing and the influence of the seasonal changes. Fourteen months of dust collection was undertaken in Witbank Area and Carletonville Area. The results shows that the sources of direction for Ericson Dam its East in February 2010 and Tip Area shows that the source of direction its West in October 2010. In the East direction there were mining operations, power stations which contributed to the East to be the sources of direction. In the West direction there were smelters, power stations and agricultural activities which contributed for the source of direction to be the West direction for Driefontein Mine: East Recreational Village Club. The East of Leslie Williams hospital is the source of direction which also indicated that there dust generating activities such as mining operation, agricultural activities. The meteorological results for Emalahleni Area in summer and winter the wind rose blow with wind speed of 5-10 ms-1 from the East sector. Annual average for the wind rose blow its East South eastern sector with 20 ms-1 and day time the wind rose from northwestern sector with excess of 20 ms-1. The night time wind direction East-eastern direction with a maximum wind speed of 20 ms-1. The meteorogical results for Driefontein Mine show that North-western sector and north-eastern sector wind rose is blowing with 5-10 ms-1 win speed. Day time wind blows from the West sector and night time wind blows from the north sector. In summer the wind blows North-east sector with 5-10 ms-1 and winter wind blows from North-west and it’s also predominant. In spring wind blows from north-east. The conclusion is that not only mining operation where the directional dust deposit gauge were installed contributed to the source of direction also the power stations, smelters, and other activities nearby the mining operation contributed. The recommendations are the dust suppressant for unpaved roads should be used on a regular basis and there should be monitoring of the weather conditions (the wind speed and direction prior to blasting to ensure minimal emissions). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directional%20dust%20deposition%20gauge" title="directional dust deposition gauge">directional dust deposition gauge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BS%20part%205%201747%20dust%20deposit%20gauge" title=" BS part 5 1747 dust deposit gauge"> BS part 5 1747 dust deposit gauge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20rose" title=" wind rose"> wind rose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20blowing" title=" wind blowing"> wind blowing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23436/directional-dust-deposition-measurements-the-influence-of-seasonal-changes-and-the-meteorological-conditions-influencing-in-witbank-area-and-carletonville-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1754</span> Investigation of Changes of Physical Properties of the Poplar Wood in Radial and Longitudinal Axis at Chaaloos Zone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshin%20Veisi">Afshin Veisi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the physical properties of wood in poplar wood (Populous sp.) were analyzed in longitudinal and radial directions of the stem. Three Populous Alba tree were cut in chaloos zone and from each tree, 3 discs were selected at 130cm, half of tree and under of crown. The test samples from pith to bark (heartwood to sapwood) were prepared from these discs for measuring the involved properties such as, wet, dry and critical specific gravity, porosity, volume shrinkage and swelling based on the ASTM standard, and data in two radial and longitudinal directions in the trank were statistically analyzed. Such as, variations of wet, dry and critical specific gravity had in radial direction respectively: irregular increase, increase and increase, and in longitudinal direction respectively: irregular decrease, irregular increase and increase. Results of variations to moisture content and porosity show that in radial direction respectively: irregular increasing and decreasing, and in longitudinal direction from down to up respectively: irregular decreasing and stability. Volume shrinkage and swelling variations show in radial direction irregular and in longitudinal axial regular decreasing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poplar%20wood" title="poplar wood">poplar wood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20properties" title=" physical properties"> physical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20specific%20gravity" title=" critical specific gravity"> critical specific gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20specific%20gravity" title=" wet specific gravity"> wet specific gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20specific%20gravity" title=" dry specific gravity"> dry specific gravity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49391/investigation-of-changes-of-physical-properties-of-the-poplar-wood-in-radial-and-longitudinal-axis-at-chaaloos-zone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1753</span> Explicit Numerical Approximations for a Pricing Weather Derivatives Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarinda%20V.%20Nhangumbe">Clarinda V. Nhangumbe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erc%C3%ADlia%20Sousa"> Ercília Sousa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Weather Derivatives are financial instruments used to cover non-catastrophic weather events and can be expressed in the form of standard or plain vanilla products, structured or exotics products. The underlying asset, in this case, is the weather index, such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind, and snowfall. The complexity of the Weather Derivatives structure shows the weakness of the Black Scholes framework. Therefore, under the risk-neutral probability measure, the option price of a weather contract can be given as a unique solution of a two-dimensional partial differential equation (parabolic in one direction and hyperbolic in other directions), with an initial condition and subjected to adequate boundary conditions. To calculate the price of the option, one can use numerical methods such as the Monte Carlo simulations and implicit finite difference schemes conjugated with Semi-Lagrangian methods. This paper is proposed two explicit methods, namely, first-order upwind in the hyperbolic direction combined with Lax-Wendroff in the parabolic direction and first-order upwind in the hyperbolic direction combined with second-order upwind in the parabolic direction. One of the advantages of these methods is the fact that they take into consideration the boundary conditions obtained from the financial interpretation and deal efficiently with the different choices of the convection coefficients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incomplete%20markets" title="incomplete markets">incomplete markets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20methods" title=" numerical methods"> numerical methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20differential%20equations" title=" partial differential equations"> partial differential equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20process" title=" stochastic process"> stochastic process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weather%20derivatives" title=" weather derivatives"> weather derivatives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150745/explicit-numerical-approximations-for-a-pricing-weather-derivatives-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1752</span> Time's Arrow and Entropy: Violations to the Second Law of Thermodynamics Disrupt Time Perception</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Clarke">Jason Clarke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michaela%20Porubanova"> Michaela Porubanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Mazzoli"> Angela Mazzoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulsah%20Kut"> Gulsah Kut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> What accounts for our perception that time inexorably passes in one direction, from the past to the future, the so-called arrow of time, given that the laws of physics permit motion in one temporal direction to also happen in the reverse temporal direction? Modern physics says that the reason for time’s unidirectional physical arrow is the relationship between time and entropy, the degree of disorder in the universe, which is evolving from low entropy (high order; thermal disequilibrium) toward high entropy (high disorder; thermal equilibrium), the second law of thermodynamics. Accordingly, our perception of the direction of time, from past to future, is believed to emanate as a result of the natural evolution of entropy from low to high, with low entropy defining our notion of ‘before’ and high entropy defining our notion of ‘after’. Here we explored this proposed relationship between entropy and the perception of time’s arrow. We predicted that if the brain has some mechanism for detecting entropy, whose output feeds into processes involved in constructing our perception of the direction of time, presentation of violations to the expectation that low entropy defines ‘before’ and high entropy defines ‘after’ would alert this mechanism, leading to measurable behavioral effects, namely a disruption in duration perception. To test this hypothesis, participants were shown briefly-presented (1000 ms or 500 ms) computer-generated visual dynamic events: novel 3D shapes that were seen either to evolve from whole figures into parts (low to high entropy condition) or were seen in the reverse direction: parts that coalesced into whole figures (high to low entropy condition). On each trial, participants were instructed to reproduce the duration of their visual experience of the stimulus by pressing and releasing the space bar. To ensure that attention was being deployed to the stimuli, a secondary task was to report the direction of the visual event (forward or reverse motion). Participants completed 60 trials. As predicted, we found that duration reproduction was significantly longer for the high to low entropy condition compared to the low to high entropy condition (p=.03). This preliminary data suggests the presence of a neural mechanism that detects entropy, which is used by other processes to construct our perception of the direction of time or time’s arrow. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20perception" title="time perception">time perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20illusions" title=" temporal illusions"> temporal illusions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duration%20perception" title=" duration perception"> duration perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131449/times-arrow-and-entropy-violations-to-the-second-law-of-thermodynamics-disrupt-time-perception" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1751</span> Outdoor Performances of Micro Scale Wind Turbine Stand Alone System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed.%20A.%20Hossam%20Eldin">Ahmed. A. Hossam Eldin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20H.%20Youssef"> Karim H. Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kareem%20M.%20AboRas"> Kareem M. AboRas </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent current rapid industrial development and energy shortage are essential problems, which face most of the developing countries. Moreover, increased prices of fossil fuel and advanced energy conversion technology lead to the need for renewable energy resources. A study, modelling and simulation of an outdoor micro scale stand alone wind turbine was carried out. For model validation an experimental study was applied. In this research the aim was to clarify effects of real outdoor operating conditions and the instantaneous fluctuations of both wind direction and wind speed on the actual produced power. The results were compared with manufacturer’s data. The experiments were carried out in Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria. This location is on the north Western Coast of Alexandria. The results showed a real max output power for outdoor micro scale wind turbine, which is different from manufacturer’s value. This is due to the fact that the direction of wind speed is not the same as that of the manufacturer’s data. The measured wind speed and direction by the portable metrological weather station anemometer varied with time. The blade tail response could not change the blade direction at the same instant of the wind direction variation. Therefore, designers and users of micro scale wind turbine stand alone system cannot rely on the maker’s name plate data to reach the required power. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-turbine" title="micro-turbine">micro-turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverters" title=" inverters"> inverters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20system" title=" hybrid system"> hybrid system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32896/outdoor-performances-of-micro-scale-wind-turbine-stand-alone-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1750</span> Flow Characteristics around Rectangular Obstacles with the Varying Direction of Obstacles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee-Chang%20Lim">Hee-Chang Lim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aims to understand the surface pressure distribution around the bodies such as the suction pressure in the leading edge on the top and side-face when the aspect ratio of bodies and the wind direction are changed, respectively. We carried out the wind tunnel measurement and numerical simulation around a series of rectangular bodies (40<sup>d</sup>×80<sup>w</sup>×80<sup>h</sup>, 80<sup>d</sup>×80<sup>w</sup>×80<sup>h</sup>, 160<sup>d</sup>×80<sup>w</sup>×80<sup>h</sup>, 80<sup>d</sup>×40<sup>w</sup>×80<sup>h</sup> and 80<sup>d</sup>×160<sup>w</sup>×80<sup>h</sup> in mm<sup>3</sup>) placed in a deep turbulent boundary layer. Based on a modern numerical platform, the Navier-Stokes equation with the typical 2-equation (k-ε model) and the DES (Detached Eddy Simulation) turbulence model has been calculated, and they are both compared with the measurement data. Regarding the turbulence model, the DES model makes a better prediction comparing with the k-ε model, especially when calculating the separated turbulent flow around a bluff body with sharp edged corner. In order to observe the effect of wind direction on the pressure variation around the cube (e.g., 80<sup>d</sup>×80<sup>w</sup>×80<sup>h</sup> in mm), it rotates at 0º, 10º, 20º, 30º, and 45º, which stands for the salient wind directions in the tunnel. The result shows that the surface pressure variation is highly dependent upon the approaching wind direction, especially on the top and the side-face of the cube. In addition, the transverse width has a substantial effect on the variation of surface pressure around the bodies, while the longitudinal length has little or no influence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20bodies" title="rectangular bodies">rectangular bodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20direction" title=" wind direction"> wind direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20ratio" title=" aspect ratio"> aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20pressure%20distribution" title=" surface pressure distribution"> surface pressure distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind-tunnel%20measurement" title=" wind-tunnel measurement"> wind-tunnel measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-%CE%B5%20model" title=" k-ε model"> k-ε model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DES%20model" title=" DES model"> DES model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86151/flow-characteristics-around-rectangular-obstacles-with-the-varying-direction-of-obstacles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1749</span> The UAV Feasibility Trajectory Prediction Using Convolution Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrien%20Marque">Adrien Marque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Delahaye"> Daniel Delahaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierre%20Mar%C3%A9chal"> Pierre Maréchal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabelle%20Berry"> Isabelle Berry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind direction and uncertainty are crucial in aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicle trajectories. By computing wind covariance matrices on each spatial grid point, these spatial grids can be defined as images with symmetric positive definite matrix elements. A data pre-processing step, a specific convolution, a specific max-pooling, and a specific flatten layers are implemented to process such images. Then, the neural network is applied to spatial grids, whose elements are wind covariance matrices, to solve classification problems related to the feasibility of unmanned aerial vehicles based on wind direction and wind uncertainty. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20direction" title="wind direction">wind direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty%20level" title=" uncertainty level"> uncertainty level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aerial%20vehicle" title=" unmanned aerial vehicle"> unmanned aerial vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolution%20neural%20network" title=" convolution neural network"> convolution neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPD%20matrices" title=" SPD matrices"> SPD matrices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188367/the-uav-feasibility-trajectory-prediction-using-convolution-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">49</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1748</span> Initiating Learning to Know among Fishers for Sustainable Fishery on Lake Victoria. A Case of Kigungu Fishing Ground Wakiso District</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namubiru%20Zula">Namubiru Zula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aganyira%20Kelle"> Aganyira Kelle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20der%20Linden%20Josje"> Van der Linden Josje</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Openjuru%20George%20Laadah"> Openjuru George Laadah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Learning to know is a key principle to lifelong learning, with self-direction as the cornerstone. This study sought to initiate self-direction for lifelong learning through social constructivism among fishers; with the major goal of creating a community of fishers who continuously learn from each other for sustainable fishing. Government of Uganda has instituted several mechanisms like co-management with Beach Management Unit (BMU) System against illegal fishing. However, illegal fishing persists, there is reduced fish stocks with several outcry on how fishers are handled. Some studies have indicated that it’s the poor orientation of BMU leaders and fishers which are top down. This initial engagement of fishers was conducted through a meeting and use of stake holder’s analysis tool to discuss the relevance of the study; harnessing fishers’ knowledge for sustainable fisheries on Lake Victoria, its objectives, the key stake holders to enable them fish sustainably. It revealed initial attempt to learn from each other and learning to know among fishers, with some elements of self-direction. However, fishers attempt to learning and self-direction are affected by prior brutal enforcement experiences. This meeting led to fishers gain some sense of hope towards enforcement brutality. The key stakeholders highlighted include MAAIF, FAO, UNBS, NaFIRRI, LVFO, BMU, UFPEA, Fishers m employers, Fisheries Protection Unit, GIZ, and any Non-Government organization but declined the Association of Fisheries and Lake Users in Uganda. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self%20direction" title="self direction">self direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifelong%20learning" title=" lifelong learning"> lifelong learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20constructivism" title=" social constructivism"> social constructivism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20fishing" title=" sustainable fishing"> sustainable fishing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164141/initiating-learning-to-know-among-fishers-for-sustainable-fishery-on-lake-victoria-a-case-of-kigungu-fishing-ground-wakiso-district" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1747</span> Seismic Performance Evaluation of Bridge Structures Using 3D Finite Element Methods in South Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woo%20Young%20Jung">Woo Young Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bu%20Seog%20Ju"> Bu Seog Ju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study described the seismic performance evaluation of bridge structures, located near Daegu metropolitan city in Korea. The structural design code or regulatory guidelines is focusing on the protection of brittle failure or collapse in bridges’ lifetime during an earthquake. This paper illustrated the procedure in terms of the safety evaluation of bridges using simple linear elastic 3D Finite Element (FE) model in ABAQUS platform. The design response spectra based on KBC 2009 were then developed, in order to understand the seismic behavior of bridge structures. Besides, the multiple directional earthquakes were applied and it revealed that the most dominated earthquake direction was transverse direction of the bridge. Also, the bridge structure under the compressive stress was more fragile than the tensile stress and the vertical direction of seismic ground motions was not significantly affected to the structural system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic" title="seismic">seismic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge" title=" bridge"> bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47888/seismic-performance-evaluation-of-bridge-structures-using-3d-finite-element-methods-in-south-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1746</span> Acoustic Radiation from an Infinite Cylindrical Shell with Periodic Lengthwise Ribs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunzhe%20Tong">Yunzhe Tong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Fan"> Jun Fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Wang"> Bin Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The vibroacoustic behavior of an immersed infinite cylindrical shell with periodic lengthwise ribs has been studied in this paper. The motions of the shell are described by the Donnell equations. Each lengthwise rib is modeled as an elastic beam. The motions of the bulkheads are decomposed into the longitudinal motions and flexural motions. The analytical expressions of the shell motions can be obtained through circumferential mode expansion, Fourier Transform and periodic boundary condition in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, the far-field radiated pressure has been obtained using the stationary phase. The analysis of wavenumber domain shows that periodic lengthwise stiffeners in the circumferential direction can produce flexural Bloch waves. The dominant feature in far-field pressure amplitude is the resonance of the supersonic components of the flexural Bloch waves in the circumferential direction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20Bloch%20wave" title="flexural Bloch wave">flexural Bloch wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffened%20shell" title=" stiffened shell"> stiffened shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibroacoustics" title=" vibroacoustics"> vibroacoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavenumber%20analysis" title=" wavenumber analysis"> wavenumber analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90699/acoustic-radiation-from-an-infinite-cylindrical-shell-with-periodic-lengthwise-ribs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1745</span> In Situ Analysis of the Effect of Twinning on Deformation and Cracking of Magnesium Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaoqun%20Zhao">Chaoqun Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gang%20Fang"> Gang Fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Twinning is an important deformation mechanism of magnesium alloys, but there is no consensus on the relationship between twinning and ductility. To comprehensively understand the effect of twinning on plastic deformation and cracking, the in situ tensile tests of a magnesium alloy sample along its extrusion direction were conducted, accompanied by the observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The misorientation angles around specific axes and trace analysis of grains were used to identify the active twinning systems. The results show that the area fraction of tension twins increases with the increasing strain, resulting in the c-axes of most grains rotating from the normal direction to the transverse direction, and the intensity of (0002) pole is weakened. Based on the analysis of kernel average misorientation (KAM) and SEM maps, it is found that the appearance of tension twins accommodates plastic deformation. However, the stress concentration caused by the intersection of tension twinning with the second phase can lead to crack initiation, and the crack propagates along the direction perpendicular to the tension twinning. For contraction twinning, it plays a role in plastic relaxation and improving strain compatibility during deformation, and is not a necessary potential mechanism of crack nucleation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20alloy" title="magnesium alloy">magnesium alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracking" title=" cracking"> cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20EBSD" title=" in-situ EBSD"> in-situ EBSD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twinning" title=" twinning"> twinning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190893/in-situ-analysis-of-the-effect-of-twinning-on-deformation-and-cracking-of-magnesium-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1744</span> Implementation of Real-Time Multiple Sound Source Localization and Separation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeng-Shin%20Sheu">Jeng-Shin Sheu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi-Xun%20Zheng"> Qi-Xun Zheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper mainly discusses a method of separating speech when using a microphone array without knowing the number and direction of sound sources. In recent years, there have been many studies on the method of separating signals by using masking, but most of the separation methods must be operated under the condition of a known number of sound sources. Such methods cannot be used for real-time applications. In our method, this paper uses Circular-Integrated-Cross-Spectrum to estimate the statistical histogram distribution of the direction of arrival (DOA) to obtain the number of sound sources and sound in the mixed-signal Source direction. In calculating the relevant parameters of the ring integrated cross-spectrum, the phase (Phase of the Cross-Power Spectrum) and phase rotation factors (Phase Rotation Factors) calculated by the cross power spectrum of each microphone pair are used. In the part of separating speech, it uses the DOA weighting and shielding separation method to calculate the sound source direction (DOA) according to each T-F unit (time-frequency point). The weight corresponding to each T-F unit can be used to strengthen the intensity of each sound source from the T-F unit and reduce the influence of the remaining sound sources, thereby achieving voice separation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time" title="real-time">real-time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrum%20analysis" title=" spectrum analysis"> spectrum analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20source%20localization" title=" sound source localization"> sound source localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20source%20separation" title=" sound source separation"> sound source separation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128672/implementation-of-real-time-multiple-sound-source-localization-and-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1743</span> The Impact of the AEC to Influence the Direction of Politics in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiraporn%20Weenuttranon">Jiraporn Weenuttranon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) shall be the goal of regional economic integration among ASEAN countries. The goal of establishing AEC is to transform the region into a single market and production base with a highly competitive advantage to make it a stable and prosperous region. However, with the wild range of economic conditions in each country, the implementation of its objectives under the limited resources available in the past showed the weakness of the region. For this reason, the group of countries in the region should allocate its rich potential of the region by collaborating effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title="impact">impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AEC" title=" AEC"> AEC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influence" title=" influence"> influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direction" title=" direction"> direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics" title=" politics"> politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5818/the-impact-of-the-aec-to-influence-the-direction-of-politics-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1742</span> Effect of Elevation and Wind Direction on Silicon Solar Panel Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20M.%20Homadi">Abdulrahman M. Homadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a great source of renewable energy, solar energy is considered to be one of the most important in the world, since it will be one of solutions cover the energy shortage in the future. Photovoltaic (PV) is the most popular and widely used among solar energy technologies. However, PV efficiency is fairly low and remains somewhat expensive. High temperature has a negative effect on PV efficiency and cooling system for these panels is vital, especially in warm weather conditions. This paper presents the results of a simulation study carried out on silicon solar cells to assess the effects of elevation on enhancing the efficiency of solar panels. The study included four different terrains. The study also took into account the direction of the wind hitting the solar panels. To ensure the simulation mimics reality, six silicon solar panels are designed in two columns and three rows, facing to the south at an angle of 30 <sup>o</sup>. The elevations are assumed to change from 10 meters to 200 meters. The results show that maximum increase in efficiency occurs when the wind comes from the north, hitting the back of the panels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20panels" title="solar panels">solar panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevation" title=" elevation"> elevation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20direction" title=" wind direction"> wind direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51440/effect-of-elevation-and-wind-direction-on-silicon-solar-panel-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1741</span> Yacht DB Construction Based on Five Essentials of Sailing </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Neung%20Lee">Jae-Neung Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Won%20Lee"> Myung-Won Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Su%20Han"> Jung-Su Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keun-Chang%20Kwak"> Keun-Chang Kwak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper established DB on the basis of five sailing essentials in the real yachting environment. It obtained the yacht condition (tilt, speed and course), surrounding circumstances (wind direction and speed) and user motion. Gopro camera for image processing was used to recognize the user motion and tilt sensor was employed to see the yacht balance. In addition, GPS for course, wind speed and direction sensor and marked suit were employed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DB%20consturuction" title="DB consturuction">DB consturuction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yacht" title=" yacht"> yacht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five%20essentials%20of%20sailing" title=" five essentials of sailing"> five essentials of sailing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marker" title=" marker"> marker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gps" title=" Gps"> Gps</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24841/yacht-db-construction-based-on-five-essentials-of-sailing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1740</span> Effects of the Flow Direction on the Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in the Rod Bundle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huirui%20Han">Huirui Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Zhang"> Chao Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rod bundle is used in the fuel assembly of the supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactor. In the rod bundle, the coolant absorbs the heat contributed by the fission process. Because of the dramatic variations in the thermophysical properties of water at supercritical conditions, it is essential to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical water in the rod bundle to ensure the safety of the nuclear power plant. In this study, the effects of the flow direction, including horizontal, upward, and downward, on the fluid flow and heat transfer of the supercritical water in the rod bundle were studied numerically. The results show the possibility of gap vortices in the flow subchannels of the rod bundle. In addition, the distributions of the circumferential wall temperature show differences in different flow direction conditions. It was also found that the circumferential cladding surface temperature distribution in the upward flow condition is extremely non-uniform, and there is a large difference between the maximum wall temperatures for different fuel rods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rod%20bundle" title=" rod bundle"> rod bundle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20water" title=" supercritical water"> supercritical water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20temperature" title=" wall temperature"> wall temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156856/effects-of-the-flow-direction-on-the-fluid-flow-and-heat-transfer-in-the-rod-bundle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1739</span> The Influence of Structural Disorder and Phonon on Metal-To-Insulator Transition of VO₂</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Wook%20Han">Sang-Wook Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In-Hui%20Hwang"> In-Hui Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenlan%20Jin"> Zhenlan Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-In%20Park"> Chang-In Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We used temperature-dependent X-Ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements to examine the local structural properties around vanadium atoms at the V K edge from VO₂ films. A direct comparison of simultaneously-measured resistance and XAFS from the VO₂ films showed that the thermally-driven structural phase transition (SPT) occurred prior to the metal-insulator transition (MIT) during heating, whereas these changed simultaneously during cooling. XAFS revealed a significant increase in the Debye-Waller factors of the V-O and V-V pairs in the {111} direction of the R-phase VO₂ due to the phonons of the V-V arrays along the direction in a metallic phase. A substantial amount of structural disorder existing on the V-V pairs along the c-axis in both M₁ and R phases indicates the structural instability of V-V arrays in the axis. The anomalous structural disorder observed on all atomic sites at the SPT prevents the migration of the V 3d¹ electrons, resulting in a Mott insulator in the M₂-phase VO₂. The anomalous structural disorder, particularly, at vanadium sites, effectively affects the migration of metallic electrons, resulting in the Mott insulating properties in M₂ phase and a non-congruence of the SPT, MIT, and local density of state. The thermally-induced phonons in the {111} direction assist the delocalization of the V 3d¹ electrons in the R phase VO₂ and the electrons likely migrate via the V-V array in the {111} direction as well as the V-V dimerization along the c-axis. This study clarifies that the tetragonal symmetry is essentially important for the metallic phase in VO₂. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal-insulator%20transition" title="metal-insulator transition">metal-insulator transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XAFS" title=" XAFS"> XAFS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VO%E2%82%82" title=" VO₂"> VO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural-phase%20transition" title=" structural-phase transition"> structural-phase transition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79779/the-influence-of-structural-disorder-and-phonon-on-metal-to-insulator-transition-of-vo2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1738</span> Aerodynamic Bicycle Torque Augmentation with a Wells Turbine in Wheels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsuyoshi%20Yamazaki">Tsuyoshi Yamazaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etsuo%20Morishita"> Etsuo Morishita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cyclists often run through a crosswind and sometimes we experience the adverse pressure. We came to an idea that Wells turbine can be used as power augmentation device in the crosswind something like sails of a yacht. Wells turbine always rotates in the same direction irrespective of the incoming flow direction, and we use it in the small-scale power generation in the ocean where waves create an oscillating flow. We incorporate the turbine to the wheel of a bike. A commercial device integrates strain gauges in the crank of a bike and transmitted force and torque applied to the pedal of the bike as an e-mail to the driver’s mobile phone. We can analyze the unsteady data in a spreadsheet sent from the crank sensor. We run the bike with the crank sensor on the rollers at the exit of a low-speed wind tunnel and analyze the effect of the crosswind to the wheel with a Wells turbine. We also test the aerodynamic characteristics of the turbine separately. Although power gain depends on the flow direction, several Watts increase might be possible by the Wells turbine incorporated to a bike wheel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wells%20turbine" title=" Wells turbine"> Wells turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bicycle" title=" bicycle"> bicycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20engineering" title=" wind engineering"> wind engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84277/aerodynamic-bicycle-torque-augmentation-with-a-wells-turbine-in-wheels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right 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