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infectious</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: infectious"> <meta name="keywords" content="infectious"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="infectious"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 458</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: infectious</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">278</span> E-Vet Smart Rapid System: Detection of Farm Disease Based on Expert System as Supporting to Epidemic Disesase Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Abdul%20Jabbar%20Zen">Malik Abdul Jabbar Zen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiwik%20Misaco%20Yuniarti"> Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azisya%20Amalia%20Karimasari"> Azisya Amalia Karimasari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Novita%20Priandini"> Novita Priandini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zoonos is as an infectiontransmitted froma nimals to human sand vice versa currently having increased in the last 20 years. The experts/scientists predict that zoonosis will be a threat to the community in the future since it leads on 70% emerging infectious diseases (EID) and the high mortality of 50%-90%. The zoonosis’ spread from animal to human is caused by contaminated food known as foodborne disease. One World One Health, as the conceptual prevention toward zoonosis, requires the crossed disciplines cooperation to accelerate and streamlinethe handling ofanimal-based disease. E-Vet Smart Rapid System is an integrated innovation in the veterinary expertise application is able to facilitate the prevention, treatment, and educationagainst pandemic diseases and zoonosis. This system is constructed by Decision Support System (DSS) method provides a database of knowledge that is expected to facilitate the identification of disease rapidly, precisely, and accurately as well as to identify the deduction. The testingis conducted through a black box test case and questionnaire (N=30) by validity and reliability approach. Based on the black box test case reveals that E-Vet Rapid System is able to deliver the results in accordance with system design, and questionnaire shows that this system is valid (r > 0.361) and has a reliability (α > 0.3610). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title="diagnosis">diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease" title=" disease"> disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20systems" title=" expert systems"> expert systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livestock" title=" livestock"> livestock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zoonosis" title=" zoonosis"> zoonosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37126/e-vet-smart-rapid-system-detection-of-farm-disease-based-on-expert-system-as-supporting-to-epidemic-disesase-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">277</span> COVID-19-Related Posttraumatic Distress Syndrome among Jordanian Nurses during the Pandemic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Qutishat">Mohammed Qutishat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loai%20Abu%20Sharour"> Loai Abu Sharour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kholoud%20Al-Damery"> Kholoud Al-Damery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibtisam%20Al%20Harthy"> Ibtisam Al Harthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulaiman%20Al-Sabei"> Sulaiman Al-Sabei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The 2019 coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic and has greatly affected both patients and healthcare workers. This study was conducted to explore the extent of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experiences among nurses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan. Method: This study used a cross-sectional study design with a convenience sampling approach. A sample of 259 participants completed the study questionnaires, including a sociodemographic questionnaire and the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM‐5, between May and July 2020. Result: The prevalence of PTSD among the study participants was 37.1%. The majority of study participants who exhibited PTSD symptoms presented the lowest level of PTSD (17%). The results indicated significant differences in overall COVID-19-related PTSD according to the participant’s age (F = 14.750, P = .000), gender (F = 30.340, P = .000), level of education (F = 51.983, P =.000), years of experience (F = 52.33, P = .000), place of work (F = 19.593, P = .000), and working position (F = 11.597, P = .000), as determined by one-way ANOVA. Conclusion: Nurses must be qualified and accredited to cope with reported PTSD cases and their consequences in relation to COVID-19 outbreaks. Close collaboration with a multidisciplinary team is required to recognise, manage, and encourage safety literacy among health care professionals and individuals diagnosed with or suspected of PTSD due to COVID-19 outbreaks or any other viral outbreaks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTSD" title="PTSD">PTSD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing" title=" nursing"> nursing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coronavirus" title=" coronavirus"> coronavirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pandemic" title=" pandemic"> pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20disease" title=" infectious disease"> infectious disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131373/covid-19-related-posttraumatic-distress-syndrome-among-jordanian-nurses-during-the-pandemic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">276</span> Frequency of Polymorphism of Mrp1/Abcc1 And Mrp2/Abcc2 in Healthy Volunteers of the Center Savannah (Colombia)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20H.%20Bustos">R. H. Bustos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Martinez"> L. Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Garc%C3%ADa"> J. García</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Su%C3%A1rez"> F. Suárez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> MRP1 (Multi-drug resistance associated protein 1) and MRP2 (Multi-drug resistance associated protein 2) are two proteins belonging to the transporters of ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette). These transporter proteins are involved in the efflux of several biological drugs and xenobiotic and also in multiple physiological, pathological and pharmacological processes. Evidence has been found that there is a correlation among different polymorphisms found and their clinical implication in the resistance to antiepileptic, chemotherapy and anti-infectious drugs. In our study, exonic regions of MRP1/ABCC1 y MRP2/ABCC2 were studied in the Colombian population, specifically in the region of the central Savannah (Cundinamarca) to determinate SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) and determinate its allele frequency and its genomics frequency. Results showed that for our population, SNP are found that have been previously reported for MRP1/ABCC1 (rs200647436, rs200624910, rs150214567) as well as for MRP2/ABCC2 (rs2273697, rs3740066, rs142573385, rs17216212). In addition, 13 new SNP were identified. Evidences show an important clinic correlation for polymorphisms rs3740066 and rs2273697. The study object population displays genetic variability as compared to the one reported in other populations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATP-binding%20cassette%20%28ABCC%29" title="ATP-binding cassette (ABCC)">ATP-binding cassette (ABCC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colombian%20population" title=" Colombian population"> Colombian population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidrug-resistance%20protein%20%28MRP%29" title=" multidrug-resistance protein (MRP)"> multidrug-resistance protein (MRP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmacogenetic" title=" pharmacogenetic"> pharmacogenetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20nucleotide%20polymorphism%20%28SNP%29" title=" single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)"> single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32712/frequency-of-polymorphism-of-mrp1abcc1-and-mrp2abcc2-in-healthy-volunteers-of-the-center-savannah-colombia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">275</span> A Comprehensive Review on Autoimmune Innate Cells in Ischemic Stroke Due to Neurocysticercosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lourdes%20De%20F%C3%A1tima%20Iba%C3%B1ez%20Vald%C3%A9s">Lourdes De Fátima Ibañez Valdés</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humberto%20Foyaca%20Sibat"> Humberto Foyaca Sibat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cysticercosis (Ct) is a preventable and eradicable zoonotic parasitic disease secondary to an infection caused by the larva form of pig tapeworm Taenia solium (Ts), which is mainly seen in people living in developing countries. However, the number of carriers in developed countries increases gradually due to globalization and uncontrolled migration. In this study, we look for the role played by autoimmune innate microglia (Mg) in the pathogenesis of intraparenchymal/subarachnoid neurocysticercosis. (I-SNCC)/ischemic -reperfusion injury (IRI). After reviewing this issue, we formulate some hypotheses regarding to the role of Mg in this process and deliver some novel therapeutic approaches for I- SNCC/IRI. Method: We searched the medical literature comprehensively, looking for published medical subject heading (MeSH) terms like "neurocysticercosis"; "pathogenesis of neurocysticercosis"; "comorbidity in NCC"; OR "I-SNCC"; OR "IRI;" OR "NCC/IS;" OR "Treatment of I-SNCC/IRI;" OR “MPC;” OR “ischemic stroke” OR “subarachnoid neurocysticercosis” OR “racemose neurocysticercosis” Results: All selected manuscripts were peer-reviewed, and we did not find publications related to Mga/I-SNCC/IRI. Comments and concluding remarks: We hypothesized the role played by Mg on the pathogenesis of I-SNCC the role of Mg during the colloid/nodular stage of INCC and racemose NCC and an associated ischemic stroke based on the well-known benefits of Mg polarization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cysticercosis" title="Cysticercosis">Cysticercosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurocysticercosis" title=" neurocysticercosis"> neurocysticercosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microglia%20activation" title=" microglia activation"> microglia activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title=" apoptosis"> apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyroptosis" title=" pyroptosis"> pyroptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=necroptosis" title=" necroptosis"> necroptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PANoptosis" title=" PANoptosis"> PANoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PANoptosome" title=" PANoptosome"> PANoptosome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20vasculitis" title=" infectious vasculitis"> infectious vasculitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ischemic%20stroke" title=" ischemic stroke"> ischemic stroke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vascular%20dementia" title=" vascular dementia"> vascular dementia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racemose%20neurocysticercosis" title=" racemose neurocysticercosis"> racemose neurocysticercosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subarachnoid%20neurocysticercosis" title=" subarachnoid neurocysticercosis"> subarachnoid neurocysticercosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extra%20parenchymal%20neurocysticercosis" title=" extra parenchymal neurocysticercosis"> extra parenchymal neurocysticercosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172977/a-comprehensive-review-on-autoimmune-innate-cells-in-ischemic-stroke-due-to-neurocysticercosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">274</span> Isolation and Characterization of Ant-Salmonella Lactic Acid Bacteria from Dairy Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najie%20Hassanzade">Najie Hassanzade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Rabbani%20Khorasgani"> Mohammad Rabbani Khorasgani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dairy products have been regarded as the natural source of lactic acid bacteria with potential characteristics of probiotics; therefore, a lot of research and practical works have been carried out about the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from dairy products, especially traditional yogurt and related products. Interest in traditional dairy products continues in the area of isolation of new LAB that can complement or replace currently used starters and/or that can be candidates as beneficial microorganisms for prevention or treatment purposes. In this perspective, such products are potentially good candidates for isolating new strains of probiotics. On the other hand, some infectious diseases such as salmonellosis have expressed resistance against many antibiotics; therefore, many attempts have been performed to use an alternative approach to overcome antibiotic resistance. The current research focuses on the isolation of LAB from dairy products, especially traditional dairy products and screening of them for anti-Salmonella activities. Twenty-five samples, including 15 sheep milk samples, one camel milk sample and seven cow milk samples from different areas of Iran and 2 yogurt samples from Herat, Afghanistan are collected. 20 bacteria are isolated by culturing the samples on MRS agar specific medium; among them 4 Lactobacillus strains, including 3L. plantarum strains and one L.gasseri strain, are identified by analyzing the biochemical tests and PCR tests in which 27F and 1492R primers are used. Then, their effects against Salmonella typhimurium using the well-diffusion method are evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactic%20acid%20bacteria" title="lactic acid bacteria">lactic acid bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotics" title=" probiotics"> probiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20products%20Salmonella" title=" dairy products Salmonella"> dairy products Salmonella</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141409/isolation-and-characterization-of-ant-salmonella-lactic-acid-bacteria-from-dairy-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">273</span> Synthesis, Crystallography and Anti-TB Activity of Substituted Benzothiazole Analogues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katharigatta%20N.%20Venugopala">Katharigatta N. Venugopala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melendhran%20Pillay"> Melendhran Pillay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bander%20E.%20Al-Dhubiab"> Bander E. Al-Dhubiab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tuberculosis (TB) infection is caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and it is one of the most threatening and wide spread infectious diseases in the world. Benzothiazole derivatives are found to have diverse chemical reactivity and broad spectrum of pharmacological activity. Some of the important pharmacological activities shown by the benzothiazole analogues are antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-tubercular, anti-leishmanial, anticonvulsant and anti-HIV properties. Keeping all these facts in mind in the present investigation it was envisaged to synthesize a series of novel {2-(benzo[d]-thiazol-2-yl-methoxy)-substitutedaryl}-(substitutedaryl)-methanones (4a-f) and characterize by IR, NMR (1H and 13C), HRMS and single crystal x-ray studies. The title compounds are investigated for in vitro anti-tubercular activity against two TB strains such as H37Rv (ATCC 25177) and MDR-MTB (multi drug resistant MTB resistant to Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Ethambutol) by agar diffusion method. Among the synthesized compounds in the series, test compound {2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl-methoxy)-5-fluorophenyl}-(4-chlorophenyl)-methanone (2c) was found to exhibit significant activity with MICs of 1 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL against H37Rv and MDR-MTB, respectively when compared to standard drugs. Single crystal x-ray studies was used to study intra and intermolecular interactions, including polymorphism behavior of the test compounds, but none of the compounds exhibited polymorphism behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzothiazole%20analogues" title="benzothiazole analogues">benzothiazole analogues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallography" title=" crystallography"> crystallography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-TB%20activity" title=" anti-TB activity"> anti-TB activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41432/synthesis-crystallography-and-anti-tb-activity-of-substituted-benzothiazole-analogues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">272</span> Statistical Data Analysis of Migration Impact on the Spread of HIV Epidemic Model Using Markov Monte Carlo Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ofosuhene%20O.%20Apenteng">Ofosuhene O. Apenteng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Azina%20Ismail"> Noor Azina Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last several years, concern has developed over how to minimize the spread of HIV/AIDS epidemic in many countries. AIDS epidemic has tremendously stimulated the development of mathematical models of infectious diseases. The transmission dynamics of HIV infection that eventually developed AIDS has taken a pivotal role of much on building mathematical models. From the initial HIV and AIDS models introduced in the 80s, various improvements have been taken into account as how to model HIV/AIDS frameworks. In this paper, we present the impact of migration on the spread of HIV/AIDS. Epidemic model is considered by a system of nonlinear differential equations to supplement the statistical method approach. The model is calibrated using HIV incidence data from Malaysia between 1986 and 2011. Bayesian inference based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo is used to validate the model by fitting it to the data and to estimate the unknown parameters for the model. The results suggest that the migrants stay for a long time contributes to the spread of HIV. The model also indicates that susceptible individual becomes infected and moved to HIV compartment at a rate that is more significant than the removal rate from HIV compartment to AIDS compartment. The disease-free steady state is unstable since the basic reproduction number is 1.627309. This is a big concern and not a good indicator from the public heath point of view since the aim is to stabilize the epidemic at the disease equilibrium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemic%20model" title="epidemic model">epidemic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title=" HIV"> HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCMC" title=" MCMC"> MCMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20estimation" title=" parameter estimation"> parameter estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29576/statistical-data-analysis-of-migration-impact-on-the-spread-of-hiv-epidemic-model-using-markov-monte-carlo-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">271</span> Contribution to the Development of a New Design of Dentist's Gowns: A Case Study of Using Infra-Red Technology and Pressure Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tran%20Thi%20Anh%20Dao">Tran Thi Anh Dao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Arnold"> M. Arnold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Schacher"> L. Schacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20C.%20Adolphe"> D. C. Adolphe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Reys"> G. Reys</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During tooth extraction or implant surgery, dentists are in contact with numerous infectious germs from patients' saliva and blood. For that reason, dentist's clothes have to play their role of protection from contamination. In addition, dentist's apparels should be not only protective but also comfortable and breathable because dentists have to perform many operations and treatments on patients throughout the day with high concentration and intensity. However, this type of protective garments has not been studied scientifically, whereas dentists are facing new risks and eager for looking for a comfortable personal protective equipment. For that reason, we have proposed some new designs of dentist's gown. They were expected to diminish heat accumulation that are considered as an important factor in reducing the level of comfort experienced by users. Experiments using infra-red technology were carried out in order to compare the breathable properties between a traditional gown and a new design with open zones. Another experiment using pressure sensors was also carried out to study ergonomic aspects trough the flexibility of movements of sleeves. The sleeves-design which is considered comfortable and flexible will be chosen for the further step. The results from the two experiments provide valuable information for the development of a new design of dentists' gowns in order to achieve maximum levels of cooling and comfort for the human body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garment" title="garment">garment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dentists" title=" dentists"> dentists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comfort" title=" comfort"> comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal" title=" thermal"> thermal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74264/contribution-to-the-development-of-a-new-design-of-dentists-gowns-a-case-study-of-using-infra-red-technology-and-pressure-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">270</span> Identification and Characterization of Genes Expressed in Diseased Condition Silkworms (Bombyx mori): A Systematic Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siddharth%20Soni">Siddharth Soni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gourav%20Kumar%20Pandey"> Gourav Kumar Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sneha%20Kumari"> Sneha Kumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dev%20Mani%20Pandey"> Dev Mani Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koel%20Mukherjee"> Koel Mukherjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The silkworm Bombyx mori is a commercially important insect, but a major roadblock in silk production are silkworm diseases. Flacherie is one of the diseases of the silkworm, that affects the midgut of the 4th and 5th instar larvae and eventually makes them lethargic, stop feeding and finally result in their death. The concerned disease is a result of bacterial and viral infection and in some instances a combination of both. The present study aims to identify and study the expression level of genes in the flacherie condition. For the said work, total RNA was isolated from the infected larvae at their most probable infectious instar and cDNA was synthesized using Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). This cDNA was then used to amplify disease relalted genes whose expression levels were checked using quantitaive PCR (qPCR) using the double delta Ct method. Cry toxin receptors like APN and BtR-175, ROS mediator Dual Oxidase are few proteins whose genes were overexpressed. Interestingly, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) C-type lectins' genes were found to be downregulated. The results explain about the strong expression of genes that can distinguish the concerned protein in the midgut of diseased silkworm and thereby aiding knowledge in the field of inhibitor designing research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bombyx%20mori" title="Bombyx mori">Bombyx mori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flacherie%20disease" title=" flacherie disease"> flacherie disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitor%20designing" title=" inhibitor designing"> inhibitor designing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=up%20and%20down%20regulation" title=" up and down regulation"> up and down regulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64217/identification-and-characterization-of-genes-expressed-in-diseased-condition-silkworms-bombyx-mori-a-systematic-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">269</span> Hospital Workers’ Psychological Resilience after 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myoungsoon%20You">Myoungsoon You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heejung%20Son"> Heejung Son</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During a pandemic, hospital workers should protect not only their vulnerable patients but also themselves from the consequences of rapidly spreading infection. However, the evidence on the psychological impact of an outbreak on hospital workers is limited. In this study, we aim to assess hospital workers’ psychological well-being and function at the workplace after an outbreak, by focusing on ‘psychological resilience’. Specifically, the effects of risk appraisal, emotional experience, and coping ability on resilience indicated by the likelihood of post-traumatic syndrome disorder and willingness to work were investigated. Such role and position of each factor were analyzed using a path model, and the result was compared between the healthcare worker and non-healthcare worker groups. In the investigation, 280 hospital workers who experienced the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in South Korea have participated. The result presented, in both groups, the role of the appraisal of risk and coping ability appeared consistent with a previous research, that was, the former interrupted resilience while the latter facilitated it. In addition, the role of emotional experience was highlighted as, in both groups, emotional disruption not only directly associated with low resilience but mediated the effect of perceived risk on resilience. The differences between the groups were also identified, which were, the role of emotional experience and coping ability was more prominent in the non-HCW group in explaining resilience. From the results, implications on how to support hospital personnel during an outbreak in a way to facilitate their resilience after the outbreak were drawn. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital%20workers" title="hospital workers">hospital workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotions" title=" emotions"> emotions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20disease%20outbreak" title=" infectious disease outbreak"> infectious disease outbreak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20resilience" title=" psychological resilience"> psychological resilience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92704/hospital-workers-psychological-resilience-after-2015-middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-outbreak" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">268</span> Seasonal Variation of the Essential Oils of Foeniculum vulgare Miller and Carum carvi L. Cultivated in Algerian Sahara</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Fyad">K. Fyad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Cheriti"> A. Cheriti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Bourmita"> Y. Bourmita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Belboukhari"> N. Belboukhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many industries are involved by using essential oils such as food, flavour, and beverage, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and fragrance. Apiaceae species are usually herbs, rarely schrubs characterized particularly by its inflorescence typical umbel. Many species of this family have been widely used in folk medicine throughout the world. The most characteristic natural compounds in this family are the essential oils secreted in schizogenous canals in all organs with remarkable variability chemical composition. As a part of our investigation into medicinal plants growing in Algerian Sahara. In this study, we investigate the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from two Apiaceae species: Foeniculum vulgare Miller and Carum carvi L cultivated in the Sahara. The plants were selected on the basis of their use by local people to treat infectious diseases as determined in our previous ethnopharmacological study. Wild samples of Foeniculum vulgare Miller and Carum carvi L cultivated in an experimental field at the university. The harvest was made during the year 2011 according to the growth cycle stage of the plants. The essential oils of different fresh aerial parts, obtained by hydrodistillation were analysed by GC. The results showed that the essential oils yields are not uniform among the different cycle stage. The percentage of components is significantly affected by the harvesting period of the plant material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title="essential oils">essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apiaceae" title=" Apiaceae"> Apiaceae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20cycle" title=" growth cycle"> growth cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahara" title=" Sahara"> Sahara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC" title=" GC"> GC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33192/seasonal-variation-of-the-essential-oils-of-foeniculum-vulgare-miller-and-carum-carvi-l-cultivated-in-algerian-sahara" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">267</span> Health Education and Information: A Panacea to Tuberculosis Prevention and Eradication in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afolabi%20Joseph%20Fasoranti">Afolabi Joseph Fasoranti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in Nigeria, being one of the ten leading causes of hospital admissions and a leading cause of death in adults, especially among the economically productive age group. This paper critically examined the importance of health education towards the eradication and prevention of tuberculosis in Nigeria. It was reviewed and discussed under the following subheadings; Global burden of tuberculosis in Nigeria, concept, definition and etiology of tuberculosis, Signs and symptoms of tuberculosis, diagnosis of tuberculosis, causative agent, modes of infection and incubation period, risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis Dots and stop TB programmes in Nigeria Treatment and prevention of tuberculosis TB treatment strategies, Dealing with treatment problems in Nigeria Stigmatization against Tuberculosis Patients Health education as a tool for achieving free tuberculosis country. Emphasis for Tb control has been placed on the development of improved vaccines, diagnostic and treatment courses but less on health education and awareness. Although the need for these tools is indisputable, the obstacle facing the spread of TB go beyond technological. The findings of this study may stimulate health system policy makers, Government and non- governmental organizations, donor agencies and other stakeholders in planning and designing health education intervention programs on the control and eradication of tuberculosis. It therefore recommended that Government should implement health education as part of the DOTs, this will thus empower the tuberculosis patients on ways to live healthy, lifestyle, in doing this, they will recover fast and prevent them from spreading the disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title="tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20education" title=" health education"> health education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panacea" title=" panacea"> panacea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43202/health-education-and-information-a-panacea-to-tuberculosis-prevention-and-eradication-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">266</span> Signal Amplification Using Graphene Oxide in Label Free Biosensor for Pathogen Detection </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agampodi%20Promoda%20Perera">Agampodi Promoda Perera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Shin"> Yong Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi%20Kyoung%20Park"> Mi Kyoung Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The successful detection of pathogenic bacteria in blood provides important information for early detection, diagnosis and the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Silicon microring resonators are refractive-index-based optical biosensors that provide highly sensitive, label-free, real-time multiplexed detection of biomolecules. We demonstrate the technique of using GO (graphene oxide) to enhance the signal output of the silicon microring optical sensor. The activated carboxylic groups in GO molecules bind directly to single stranded DNA with an amino modified 5’ end. This conjugation amplifies the shift in resonant wavelength in a real-time manner. We designed a capture probe for strain Staphylococcus aureus of 21 bp and a longer complementary target sequence of 70 bp. The mismatched target sequence we used was of Streptococcus agalactiae of 70 bp. GO is added after the complementary binding of the probe and target. GO conjugates to the unbound single stranded segment of the target and increase the wavelength shift on the silicon microring resonator. Furthermore, our results show that GO could successfully differentiate between the mismatched DNA sequences from the complementary DNA sequence. Therefore, the proposed concept could effectively enhance sensitivity of pathogen detection sensors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=label%20free%20biosensor" title="label free biosensor">label free biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20bacteria" title=" pathogenic bacteria"> pathogenic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide" title=" graphene oxide"> graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12619/signal-amplification-using-graphene-oxide-in-label-free-biosensor-for-pathogen-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">265</span> Development of Cationic Gelatin Nanoparticles as an Antigen-Carrier for Mucosal Immunization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping-Lun%20Jiang">Ping-Lun Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung-Jun%20Lin"> Hung-Jun Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shen-Fu%20Lin"> Shen-Fu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Yin%20Chien"> Mei-Yin Chien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting-Wei%20Li"> Ting-Wei Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Han%20Lin"> Chun-Han Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Der-Zen%20Liu"> Der-Zen Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mucosal vaccine induces both mucosal (secretory IgA) and systemic immune responses and it is considered an ideal vaccination strategy for prevention of infectious diseases. One important point to be considered in mucosal vaccination is effective antigen delivery system which can manage effective delivery of antigen to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of mucosal. In the present study, cationic gelatin nanoparticles were prepared as ideal carriers for more efficient antigen delivery. The average diameter of cationic gelatin nanoparticle was approximate 190 nm, and the zeta potential was about +45 mV, then ovalbumin (OVA) was physically absorbed onto cationic gelatin nanoparticle. The OVA absorption rate was near 95% the zeta potential was about +20 mV. We show that cationic gelatin nanoparticle effectively facilitated antigen uptake by mice bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (mBMDCs) and RAW264.7 cells and induced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. C57BL/6 mice twice immunized intranasally with OVA-absorbed cationic gelatin nanoparticle induced high levels of OVA-specific IgG in the serum and IgA in their in the nasal and lung wash fluid. These results indicate that nasal administration of cationic gelatin nanoparticles induced both mucosal and systemic immune responses and cationic gelatin nanoparticles might be a potential antigen delivery carrier for further clinical applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antigen%20delivery" title="antigen delivery">antigen delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antigen-presenting%20cells" title=" antigen-presenting cells"> antigen-presenting cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatin%20nanoparticle" title=" gelatin nanoparticle"> gelatin nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucosal%20vaccine" title=" mucosal vaccine"> mucosal vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42981/development-of-cationic-gelatin-nanoparticles-as-an-antigen-carrier-for-mucosal-immunization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">264</span> The Effect of Aromatherapy Candle as Insecticide from Citrus Extract of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) to Increase Ae. aegypti Mortality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Hidayah">Nurul Hidayah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farida%20Rahmatika"> Farida Rahmatika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathimah%20Azzahra"> Fathimah Azzahra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesty%20Herennadia"> Nesty Herennadia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aromatherapy candles are one of the insecticide media that have not been much researched. The active ingredient that is proven to have the effect of insecticide is a citrus extract from lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon). Aromatherapy candles are added by citrus compounds to be insecticidal for Ae. aegypti mosquito that was related to the infectious disease such as dengue fever. This research aims to find out if aromatherapy candles of citrus compounds have an insecticidal effect on Ae. aegypti mosquito. We used true experimental design including posttest only with control group design. The samples are 20 male and female Ae. aegypti mosquitos with aged 1-7 days belong to the inclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into 6 groups, consisting of 1 negative control group and 5 treatment groups with variation concentration are 1%; 2%; 3%; 4%; 5%. Each group will be treated for 2 hours and observed death after 24 hours. Replication in each group is done 4 times. The results were then tested statistically using Kruskal-Wallis and probit test. Mean of death in negative control group, and treatment group 1%; 2%; 3%; 4%; 5% respectively 0; 1; 0.25; 0; 1 and 1 mosquito. The Kruskal-Wallis test in the study group found no significant difference (p = 0.178). The probit analysis showed that LC50 and LC90 were 20.069% and 31.557%. The aromatherapy candle of a citrus compound has an insecticidal effect on the Ae aegypti mosquito. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ae.%20aegypti%20insecticide" title="Ae. aegypti insecticide">Ae. aegypti insecticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aromatherapy%20candle" title=" aromatherapy candle"> aromatherapy candle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus%20compound" title=" citrus compound"> citrus compound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lemongrass%20oil%20%28Cymbopogon%29" title=" lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon)"> lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83514/the-effect-of-aromatherapy-candle-as-insecticide-from-citrus-extract-of-lemongrass-cymbopogon-to-increase-ae-aegypti-mortality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">263</span> Evaluation of Video Development about Exclusive Breastfeeding as a Nutrition Education Media for Posyandu Cadre</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ari%20Istiany">Ari Istiany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guspri%20Devi%20Artanti"> Guspri Devi Artanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Si"> M. Si</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the results Riskesdas, it is known that breastfeeding awareness about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding is still low at only 15.3 %. These conditions resulted in a very infant at risk for infectious diseases, such as diarrhea and acute respiratory infection. Therefore, the aim of this study to evaluate the video development about exclusive breastfeeding as a nutrition education media for posyandu cadre. This research used development methods for making the video about exclusive breastfeeding. The study was conducted in urban areas Rawamangun, East Jakarta. Respondents of this study were 1 media experts from the Department of Educational Technology - UNJ, 2 subject matter experts from Department of Home Economics - UNJ and 20 posyandu cadres to assess the quality of the video. Aspects assessed include the legibility of text, image display quality, color composition, clarity of sound, music appropriateness, duration, suitability of the material and language. Data were analyzed descriptively likes frequency distribution table, the average value, and deviation standard. The result of this study showed that the average score assessment according to media experts, subject matter experts, and posyandu cadres respectively was 3.43 ± 0.51 (good), 4.37 ± 0.52 (very good) and 3.6 ± 0.73 (good). The conclusion is on exclusive breastfeeding video as feasible as a media for nutrition education. While suggestions for the improvement of visual media is multiply illustrations, add material about the correct way of breastfeeding and healthy baby pictures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exclusive%20breastfeeding" title="exclusive breastfeeding">exclusive breastfeeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posyandu%20cadre" title=" posyandu cadre"> posyandu cadre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video" title=" video"> video</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition%20education" title=" nutrition education"> nutrition education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2521/evaluation-of-video-development-about-exclusive-breastfeeding-as-a-nutrition-education-media-for-posyandu-cadre" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">262</span> The Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Activities and Residential Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asghar%20Motea%20Noparvar">Asghar Motea Noparvar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has been characterized as a pandemic since December 2019, is attacking societies in terms of different ways. It means that this is much more than a crisis that is related to human health. It is a human, economic and social crisis. Since December 2019, not only some significant transformations have happened in human life, but also there has been some mental health, daily life activities, and even urban space changes. The purpose of this study is to mention some tangible transformations in society by applying two main restrictions such as “lock down” and “social distancing,” and how people took refuge in their homes and fit every activity there. How this pandemic has been transforming human life and social activities is the main issue of this study. In order to gather the information, review the impacts of COVID-19 on social life by revising the literature and considering the “Risk Society” theory, which is gotten credited by a German sociologist, Ulrich Beck. Additionally, COVID-19 not only had a direct impact on health but also had significant impacts on the economy, education, tourism, the environment, and the construction industry. Therefore, the pandemic caused a disruption in the whole urban system. In this study, the main focused point is the transformation of activities and residential areas. In order to achieve this finding, the literature review is analyzed in the case of COVID-19 and its impacts on social life. To sum up, it can be concluded that a pandemic can change social life along with other transformations that it is able to do. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20disease" title="infectious disease">infectious disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20activities" title=" social activities"> social activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20areas" title=" residential areas"> residential areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158919/the-impacts-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-social-activities-and-residential-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">261</span> Molecular Characterization of Functional Domain (LRR) of TLR9 Genes in Malnad Gidda Cattle and Their Comparison to Cross Breed Cattle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ananthakrishna%20L.%20R.">Ananthakrishna L. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20D."> Ramesh D.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumar%20Wodeyar"> Kumar Wodeyar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kotresh%20A.%20M."> Kotresh A. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gururaj%20P.%20M."> Gururaj P. M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malnad Gidda is the indigenous recognized cattle breed of Shivamogga District of Karnataka state, India is known for its disease resistance to many of the infectious diseases. There are 25 LRR (Leucine Rich Repeats) identified in bovine (Bos indicus) TLR9. The amino acid sequence of LRR is deduced to nucleotide sequence in BLASTx bioinformatic online tools. LRR2 to LRR10 are involved in pathogen recognition and binding in human TLR9 which showed a higher degree of nucleotide variations with respect to disease resistance to various pathogens. Hence, primers were designed to amplify the flanking sequences of LRR2 to LRR10, to discover the nucleotide variations if any, in Malnad Gidda breed of Cattle which is associated with disease resistance. The DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ten Malnad Gidda cattle. A desired and specific amplification product of 0.8 kb was obtained at an annealing temperature of 56.6ᵒC. All the PCR products were sequenced on both sides by gene-specific primers. The sequences were compared with TLR9 sequence of cross breed cattle obtained from NCBI data bank. The sequence analysis between Malnad Gidda and crossbreed cattle revealed no nucleotide variations in the region LRR2 to LRR9 which shows the conserved in pathogen binding domain (LRR) of TLR9. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leucine%20rich%20repeats" title="leucine rich repeats">leucine rich repeats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malnad%20Gidda" title=" Malnad Gidda"> Malnad Gidda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20breed" title=" cross breed"> cross breed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TLR9" title=" TLR9"> TLR9</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84527/molecular-characterization-of-functional-domain-lrr-of-tlr9-genes-in-malnad-gidda-cattle-and-their-comparison-to-cross-breed-cattle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">260</span> Antibacterial Activity of Melaleuca Cajuputi Oil against Resistant Strain Bacteria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M.%20Noah">R. M. Noah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20M.%20Nasir"> N. M. Nasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Jais"> M. R. Jais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20S.%20Wahab"> M. S. S. Wahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Abdullah"> M. H. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20S.%20Raj"> A. S. S. Raj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infectious diseases are getting more difficult to treat due to the resistant strains of bacteria. Current generations of antibiotics are most likely ineffective against multi-drug resistant strains bacteria. Thus, there is an urgent need in search of natural antibiotics in particular from medicinal plants. One of the common medicinal plants, Melaleuca cajuputi, has been reported to possess antibacterial properties. The study was conducted to evaluate and justify the presence of antibacterial activity of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil (EO) against the multi-drug resistant bacteria. Clinical isolates obtained from the teaching hospital were re-assessed to confirm the exact identity of the bacteria to be tested, namely methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producer (ESBLs). A well diffusion method was done to observe the inhibition zones of the essential oil against the bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method in 96-well flat microplate. The absorbance was measured using a microplate reader. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was performed using the agar medium method. The zones of inhibition produced by the EO against MRSA, CRE, and ESBL were comparable to that of generic antibiotics used, gentamicin and augmentin. The MIC and MBC results highlighted the antimicrobial efficacy of the EO. The outcome of this study indicated that the EO of Melaleuca cajuputi had antibacterial activity on the multi-drug resistant bacteria. This finding was eventually substantiated by electron microscopy work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melaleuca%20cajuputi" title="melaleuca cajuputi">melaleuca cajuputi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistant%20bacteria" title=" resistant bacteria"> resistant bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126088/antibacterial-activity-of-melaleuca-cajuputi-oil-against-resistant-strain-bacteria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">259</span> Use of a New Multiplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Based Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Neisseria Meningitidis, Escherichia Coli K1, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nastaran%20Hemmati">Nastaran Hemmati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Nikkhahi"> Farhad Nikkhahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Javadi"> Amir Javadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20Eskandarion"> Sahar Eskandarion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Mahmuod%20%20Amin%20Marashi"> Seyed Mahmuod Amin Marashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli K, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae cause 90% of bacterial meningitis. Almost all infected people die or have irreversible neurological complications. Therefore, it is essential to have a diagnostic kit with the ability to quickly detect these fatal infections. The project involved 212 patients from whom cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained. After total genome extraction and performing multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), the presence or absence of each infectious factor was determined by comparing with standard strains. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value calculated were 100%, 92.9%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. So, due to the high specificity and sensitivity of the designed primers, they can be used instead of bacterial culture that takes at least 24 to 48 hours. The remarkable benefit of this method is associated with the speed (up to 3 hours) at which the procedure could be completed. It is also worth noting that this method can reduce the personnel unintentional errors which may occur in the laboratory. On the other hand, as this method simultaneously identifies four common factors that cause bacterial meningitis, it could be used as an auxiliary method diagnostic technique in laboratories particularly in cases of emergency medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebrospinal%20fluid" title="cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meningitis" title=" meningitis"> meningitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20polymerase%20chain%20reaction" title=" quantitative polymerase chain reaction"> quantitative polymerase chain reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simultaneous%20detection" title=" simultaneous detection"> simultaneous detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis%20testing" title=" diagnosis testing"> diagnosis testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151315/use-of-a-new-multiplex-quantitative-polymerase-chain-reaction-based-assay-for-simultaneous-detection-of-neisseria-meningitidis-escherichia-coli-k1-streptococcus-agalactiae-and-streptococcus-pneumoniae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">258</span> Purification, Extraction and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli from Urine Samples of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fariha%20Akhter%20Chowdhury">Fariha Akhter Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Nurul%20Islam"> Mohammad Nurul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anamika%20Saha"> Anamika Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabrina%20Mahboob"> Sabrina Mahboob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Syed%20Md.%20Mosaddek"> Abu Syed Md. Mosaddek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Omar%20Faruque"> Md. Omar Faruque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Most.%20Fahmida%20Begum"> Most. Fahmida Begum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajib%20Bhattacharjee"> Rajib Bhattacharjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases in Bangladesh where Escherichia coli is the prevalent organism and responsible for most of the infections. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to act as a major virulence factor of E. coli. The present study aimed to purify, extract and visualize LPS of E. coli clinical isolates from urine samples of patients with UTI. The E. coli strain was isolated from the urine samples of 10 patients with UTI and then the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates was determined. The purification of LPS was carried out using the hot aqueous-phenol method and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which was directly stained using the modified silver staining method and Coomassie blue. The silver-stained gel demonstrated both smooth and rough type LPS by showing trail-like band patterns with the presence and lacking O-antigen region, respectively. Coomassie blue staining showed no band assuring the absence of any contaminating protein. Our successful extraction of purified LPS from E. coli isolates of UTI patients’ urine samples can be an important step to understand the UTI disease conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Escherichia%20coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrophoresis" title=" electrophoresis"> electrophoresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyacrylamide%20gel" title=" polyacrylamide gel"> polyacrylamide gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20staining" title=" silver staining"> silver staining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20dodecyl%20sulfate%20polyacrylamide%20gel%20electrophoresis%20%28SDS-PAGE%29" title=" sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)"> sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64173/purification-extraction-and-visualization-of-lipopolysaccharide-of-escherichia-coli-from-urine-samples-of-patients-with-urinary-tract-infection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">257</span> Bacteriological Culture Methods and its Uses in Clinical Pathology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prachi%20Choudhary">Prachi Choudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jai%20Gopal%20Sharma"> Jai Gopal Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbial cultures determine the type of organism, its abundance in the tested sample, or both. It is one of the primary diagnostic methods of microbiology. It is used to determine the cause of infectious disease by letting the agent multiply in a predetermined medium. Different bacteria produce colonies that may be very distinct from the bacterial species that produced them. To culture any pathogen or microorganism, we should first know about the types of media used in microbiology for culturing. Sometimes sub culturing is also done in various microorganisms if some mixed growth is seen in culture. Nearly 3 types of culture media based on consistency – solid, semi-solid, and liquid (broth) media; are further explained in the report. Then, The Five I's approach is a method for locating, growing, observing, and characterizing microorganisms, including inoculation and incubation. Isolation, inspection, and identification. For identification of bacteria, we have to culture the sample like urine, sputum, blood, etc., on suitable media; there are different methods of culturing the bacteria or microbe like pour plate method, streak plate method, swabbing by needle, pipetting, inoculation by loop, spreading by spreader, etc. After this, we see the bacterial growth after incubation of 24 hours, then according to the growth of bacteria antibiotics susceptibility test is conducted; this is done for sensitive antibiotics or resistance to that bacteria, and also for knowing the name of bacteria. Various methods like the dilution method, disk diffusion method, E test, etc., do antibiotics susceptibility tests. After that, various medicines are provided to the patients according to antibiotic sensitivity and resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inoculation" title="inoculation">inoculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incubation" title=" incubation"> incubation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title=" isolation"> isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotics%20suspectibility%20test" title=" antibiotics suspectibility test"> antibiotics suspectibility test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterizing" title=" characterizing"> characterizing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161272/bacteriological-culture-methods-and-its-uses-in-clinical-pathology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">256</span> Healthcare Waste Management Practices in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Dhaka City, Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20Nuralam">H. M. Nuralam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Xiao-lan"> Z. Xiao-lan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20K.%20Dubey"> B. K. Dubey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Wen-Chuan"> D. Wen-Chuan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Healthcare waste (HCW) is one of the major concerns in environmental issues due to its infectious and hazardous nature that is requires specific treatment and systematic management prior to final disposal. This study aimed to assess HCW management system in Dhaka City (DC), Bangladesh, by investigating the present practices implemented by the city. In this study, five different healthcare establishments were selected in DC. Field visits and interviews with health personnel and staff who are concerned with the waste management were conducted. The information was gathered through questionnaire focus on the different aspect of HCW management like, waste segregation and collection, storage and transport, awareness as well. The results showed that a total of 7,215 kg/day (7.2 ton/day) of waste were generated, of which 79.36% (5.6 ton/day) was non-hazardous waste and 20.6% (1.5 ton/day) was hazardous waste. The rate of waste generation in these healthcare establishments (HCEs) was 2.6 kg/bed/day. There was no appropriate and systematic management of HCWs except at few private HCEs that segregate their hazardous waste. All the surveyed HCEs dumped their HCW together with the municipal waste, and some staff members were also found to be engaged in improper handling of the generated waste. Furthermore, the used sharp instruments, saline bags, blood bags and test tubes were collected for resale or reuse. Nevertheless, the lack of awareness, appropriate policy, regulation and willingness to act, were responsible for the improper management of HCW in DC. There was lack of practical training of concerned healthcare to handle the waste properly, while the nurses and staff were found to be aware of the health impacts of HCW. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title="awareness">awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disposal" title=" disposal"> disposal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhaka%20city" title=" Dhaka city"> Dhaka city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare%20waste%20management" title=" healthcare waste management"> healthcare waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20generation" title=" waste generation"> waste generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61293/healthcare-waste-management-practices-in-bangladesh-a-case-study-in-dhaka-city-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">255</span> Salmon Diseases Connectivity between Fish Farm Management Areas in Chile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20Reche">Pablo Reche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since 1980’s aquaculture has become the biggest economic activity in southern Chile, being Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus mykiss the main finfish species. High fish density makes both species prone to contract diseases, what drives the industry to big losses, affecting greatly the local economy. Three are the most concerning infective agents, the infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv), the bacteria Piscirickettsia salmonis and the copepod Caligus rogercresseyi. To regulate the industry the government arranged the salmon farms within management areas named as barrios, which coordinate the fallowing periods and antibiotics treatments of their salmon farms. In turn, barrios are gathered into larger management areas, named as macrozonas whose purpose is to minimize the risk of disease transmission between them and to enclose the outbreaks within their boundaries. However, disease outbreaks still happen and transmission to neighbor sites enlarges the initial event. Salmon disease agents are mostly transported passively by local currents. Thus, to understand how transmission occurs it must be firstly studied the physical environment. In Chile, salmon farming takes place in the inner seas of the southernmost regions of western Patagonia, between 41.5ºS-55ºS. This coastal marine system is characterised by western winds, latitudinally modulated by the position of the South-Eats Pacific high-pressure centre, high precipitation rates and freshwater inflows from the numerous glaciers (including the largest ice cap out of Antarctic and Greenland). All of these forcings meet in a complex bathymetry and coastline system - deep fjords, shallow sills, narrow straits, channels, archipelagos, inlets, and isolated inner seas- driving an estuarine circulation (fast outflows westwards on surface and slow deeper inflows eastwards). Such a complex system is modelled on the numerical model MIKE3, upon whose 3D current fields particle-track-biological models (one for each infective agent) are decoupled. Each agent biology is parameterized by functions for maturation and mortality (reproduction not included). Such parameterizations are depending upon environmental factors, like temperature and salinity, so their lifespan will depend upon the environmental conditions those virtual agents encounter on their way while passively transported. CLIC (Connectivity-Langrangian–IFOP-Chile) is a service platform that supports the graphical visualization of the connectivity matrices calculated from the particle trajectories files resultant of the particle-track-biological models. On CLIC users can select, from a high-resolution grid (~1km), the areas the connectivity will be calculated between them. These areas can be barrios and macrozonas. Users also can select what nodes of these areas are allowed to release and scatter particles from, depth and frequency of the initial particle release, climatic scenario (winter/summer) and type of particle (ISAv, Piscirickettsia salmonis, Caligus rogercresseyi plus an option for lifeless particles). Results include probabilities downstream (where the particles go) and upstream (where the particles come from), particle age and vertical distribution, all of them aiming to understand how currently connectivity works to eventually propose a minimum risk zonation for aquaculture purpose. Preliminary results in Chiloe inner sea shows that the risk depends not only upon dynamic conditions but upon barrios location with respect to their neighbors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquaculture%20zonation" title="aquaculture zonation">aquaculture zonation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caligus%20rogercresseyi" title=" Caligus rogercresseyi"> Caligus rogercresseyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chilean%20Patagonia" title=" Chilean Patagonia"> Chilean Patagonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20oceanography" title=" coastal oceanography"> coastal oceanography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connectivity" title=" connectivity"> connectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20salmon%20anemia%20virus" title=" infectious salmon anemia virus"> infectious salmon anemia virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piscirickettsia%20salmonis" title=" Piscirickettsia salmonis"> Piscirickettsia salmonis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101425/salmon-diseases-connectivity-between-fish-farm-management-areas-in-chile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">254</span> Comparative Study of Amyloidogenic Potential of AgNO3 and Freund's Adjuvant (AF) with That of Vitamin Free Casein, on Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Experimental Amyloidosis in Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Javed">Alireza Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keivan%20Jamshidi"> Keivan Jamshidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reactive amyloidosis is a condition that complicates a long list of chronic inflammation, chronic infectious, malignant, and hereditary disorders. In the present study the potential effects of two amyloidogenic substances: ie. AgNO3 and Freund's Adjuvant (AF) with that of vitamin free casein, on spatio-temporal pattern of experimental amyloidosis in mice, were compared. For this purpose, a total of 40 male Swees mice, obtained from Pasteur Institute Tehran, after being weighted were randomly divided into 4 groups including 2 treatments, 1 control (vitamin free casein) and 1 positive control (normal saline). At the end of 3rd, 5th and 7th weeks of experiment 3 mice were randomly selected and euthnised. Spleen sample of each animal obtained and preserved in 10% neutral buffer formalin. Sample were then processed through different stages of dehydration, clearing and impregnation and finally embedded in paraffin blocks. Sections of 5µm thickness then cut and stained by alkaline Congo red techniques. Spleen weights and the data obtained from the microscopic quantitative analysis did show no significant differences between groups A and B, A and C, and B and C. However, significant differences were observed between groups A and D, B and D, and C and D respectively. It is concluded that two compounds ie; AgNO3 and Freund's Adjuvant have the same potential, as does vitamin free casein have, in spatio – temporal pattern of experimental amyloidosis in mice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amyloidosis" title="amyloidosis">amyloidosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mice" title=" mice"> mice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AgNO3" title=" AgNO3"> AgNO3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Freund%27s%20Adjuvant" title=" Freund's Adjuvant"> Freund's Adjuvant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34107/comparative-study-of-amyloidogenic-potential-of-agno3-and-freunds-adjuvant-af-with-that-of-vitamin-free-casein-on-spatio-temporal-pattern-of-experimental-amyloidosis-in-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">253</span> The Link of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus With the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Mahdavi">Sina Mahdavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory autoimmune disease of the CNS that affects the myelination process in the central nervous system (CNS). Complex interactions of various "environmental or infectious" factors may act as triggers in autoimmunity and disease progression. The association between viral infections, especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and MS is one potential cause that is not well understood. This study aims to summarize the available data on human HIV infection in MS disease progression. In this study, the keywords "Multiple sclerosis", "Human immunodeficiency virus ", and "Central nervous system" in the databases PubMed, and Google Scholar between 2017 and 2022 were searched and 15 articles were chosen, studied, and analyzed. Revealed histologic signs of "MS-like illness" in the setting of HIV, which comprised widespread demyelination with reactive astrocytes, foamy macrophages, and perivascular infiltration with inflammatory cells, all of which are compatible with MS lesions. Human immunodeficiency virus causes dysfunction of the immune system, especially characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia and chronic activation of B cells. Activation of B cells leads to increased synthesis of immunoglobulin and finally to an excess of free light chains. Free light chains may be involved in autoimmune responses against neurons. There is a high expression of HIV during the course of MS, which indicates the relationship between HIV and MS, that this virus can play a role in the development of MS by creating an inflammatory state. Therefore, measures to modulate the expression of HIV may be effective in reducing inflammatory processes in demyelinated areas of MS patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20sclerosis" title="multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20immunodeficiency%20virus" title=" human immunodeficiency virus"> human immunodeficiency virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20nervous%20system" title=" central nervous system"> central nervous system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmunity" title=" autoimmunity"> autoimmunity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159411/the-link-of-the-human-immunodeficiency-virus-with-the-progression-of-multiple-sclerosis-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">252</span> Distribution of Spotted Fever Group in Ixodid Ticks, Domestic Cattle and Buffalos of Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sohail%20Sajid">Muhammad Sohail Sajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qurat-ul-Ain"> Qurat-ul-Ain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Iqbal"> Zafar Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nisar%20Khan"> Muhammad Nisar Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Kausar"> Asma Kausar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adil%20Ejaz"> Adil Ejaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rickettsiosis, caused by a Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae (SFGR), is considered as an emerging infectious disease from public and veterinary perspective. The present study reports distribution of SFGR in the host (buffalo and cattle) and vector (ticks) population determined through gene specific amplification through PCR targeting outer membrane protein (ompA). Tick and blood samples were collected using standard protocols through convenient sampling from district Faisalabad. Ticks were dissected to extract salivary glands (SG). Blood and tick SG pools were subjected to DNA extraction and amplification of ompA using PCR. Overall prevalence of SFGR was reported as 21.5% and 33.6 % from blood and ticks, respectively. Hyalomma anatolicum was more prevalent tick associated with SFGR as compared to Rhipicephalus sp. Higher prevalence of SFGR was reported in cattle (25%) population as compared to that of buffalo (17.07%). On seasonal basis, high SFGR prevalence was recorded during spring season (48.1%, 26.32%, 17.76%) as compared to winter (27.9%, 21.43%, 15.38%) in vector and host (cattle and buffalo respectively) population. Sequencing analysis indicated that rickettsial endo-symbionts were associated with ticks of the study area. These results provided baseline information about the prevalence of SFGR in vector and host population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rickettsia" title="Rickettsia">Rickettsia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livestock" title=" livestock"> livestock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerase%20chain%20reaction" title=" polymerase chain reaction"> polymerase chain reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequencing" title=" sequencing"> sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ticks" title=" ticks"> ticks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vectors" title=" vectors"> vectors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91264/distribution-of-spotted-fever-group-in-ixodid-ticks-domestic-cattle-and-buffalos-of-faisalabad-district-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">251</span> In Vitro Antibacterial Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Lawsonia Inermis, Malva Sylvestris and Boswellia Serrata on Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surena%20V.">Surena V.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aim: Periodontal diseases are among the most common infectious diseases all around the world, even in developed countries. Considering the increased rate of microbial resistance to antibiotics and the chemical side effects of antibiotics and antiseptics used for the treatment of periodontal disease, there is a need for an alternative antimicrobial agent with fewer complications. Medicinal herbs have recently become popular as antimicrobial and preventive agents. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Lawsonia inermis, Malva sylvestris and Boswellia serrata on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans). Materials and Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of the three medicinal plants were obtained by the maceration technique and A. actinomycetemcomitans was cultured. The antimicrobial efficacy of the three medicinal plants was compared with that of 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) according to the CLSI protocol using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution techniques. All tests were repeated three times. Results: Hydroalcoholic extracts of all three plants had antimicrobial activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Lawsonia inermis, Malva sylvestris, and Boswellia serrata was 78.1, 156.2, and 1666 µg/mL with no significant difference between them. The MIC of CHX was 3.33 µg/mL, which was significantly higher than that of Boswellia serrata extract. Conclusion: Given that, further in vivo studies confirm other properties of these extracts and their safety in terms of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity, hydroalcoholic extracts of Lawsonia inermis and Malva sylvestris may be used in mouthwashes or local delivery systems to affect periodontal biofilm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actinobacilus%20actinomycetem%20commitans" title="actinobacilus actinomycetem commitans">actinobacilus actinomycetem commitans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lawsonia%20inermis" title=" lawsonia inermis"> lawsonia inermis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malva%20sylvestris" title=" malva sylvestris"> malva sylvestris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boswellia%20serrata" title=" boswellia serrata"> boswellia serrata</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182602/in-vitro-antibacterial-effect-of-hydroalcoholic-extract-of-lawsonia-inermis-malva-sylvestris-and-boswellia-serrata-on-aggregatibacter-actinomycetemcomitans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">250</span> Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus in Post-Vaccination Era in Pediatric Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nutthawadee%20Jampanil">Nutthawadee Jampanil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kattareeya%20Kumthip"> Kattareeya Kumthip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niwat%20Maneekarn"> Niwat Maneekarn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pattara%20Khamrin"> Pattara Khamrin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rotavirus A is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in children younger than five years of age, especially in low-income countries in Africa and South Asia. Two live-attenuated oral rotavirus vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, have been introduced into routine immunization programs in many countries and have proven highly effective in reducing the burden of rotavirus-associated morbidity and mortality. In Thailand, Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccines have been included in the national childhood immunization program since 2020. The objectives of this research are to conduct a molecular epidemiological study and to characterize rotavirus genotypes circulating in pediatric patients with acute diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 2020-2022 after the implementation of rotavirus vaccines. Out of 858 stool specimens, 26 (3.0%) were positive for rotavirus A. G3P[8] (23.0%) was detected as the most predominant genotype, followed by G1P[8] (19.2%), G8P[8] (19.2%), G9P[8] (15.3%), G2P[4] (7.7%), G1P[6] (3.9%), G9P[4] (3.9%), and G8P[X] (3.9%). In addition, the uncommon rotavirus strain G3P[23] (3.9%) was also detected in this study, and this G3P[23] strain displayed a genetic background similar to the porcine rotavirus. In conclusion, there was a dramatic change in the prevalence of rotavirus A infection and the diversity of rotavirus A genotypes in pediatric patients in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand, in the rotavirus post-vaccination period. The finding obtained from this research contributes to a better understanding of rotavirus epidemiology after rotavirus vaccine introduction. Furthermore, the identification of unusual G and P genotype combination strains provides significant evidence for the potential interspecies transmission between human and animal rotaviruses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotavirus" title="rotavirus">rotavirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20disease" title=" infectious disease"> infectious disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastroenteritis" title=" gastroenteritis"> gastroenteritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168242/molecular-epidemiology-of-rotavirus-in-post-vaccination-era-in-pediatric-patients-with-acute-gastroenteritis-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">249</span> Effect of Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (HIB) Vaccination on Child Anthropometry in India: Evidence from Young Lives Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Srivastava">Swati Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Kumar%20Upadhyay"> Ashish Kumar Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Haemophilus influenzae Type B (Hib) cause infections of pneumonia, meningitis, epiglottises and other invasive disease exclusively among children under age five. Occurrence of these infections may impair child growth by causing micronutrient deficiency. Using longitudinal data from first and second waves of Young Lives Study conducted in India during 2002 and 2006-07 respectively and multivariable logistic regression models (using generalised estimation equation to take into account the cluster nature of sample), this study aims to examine the impact of Hib vaccination on child anthropometric outcomes (stunting, underweight and wasting) in India. Bivariate result shows that, a higher percent of children were stunted and underweight among those who were not vaccinated against Hib (39% & 48% respectively) as compare to those who were vaccinated (31% and 39% respectively).The risk of childhood stunting and underweight was significantly lower among children who were vaccinated against Hib (odds ratio: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.96 and odds ratio: 0.79, 95% C.I: 0.64-0.98 respectively) as compare to the unvaccinated children. No significant association was found between vaccination status against Hib and childhood wasting. Moreover, in the statistical models, about 13% of stunting and 12% of underweight could be attributable to lack of vaccination against Hib in India. Study concludes that vaccination against Hib- in addition to being a major intervention for reducing childhood infectious disease and mortality- can be consider as a potential tool for reducing the burden of undernutrition in India. Therefore, the Government of India must include the vaccine against Hib into the Universal Immunization Programme in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haemophilus%20influenzae%20Type-B" title="Haemophilus influenzae Type-B">Haemophilus influenzae Type-B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stunting" title=" Stunting"> Stunting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Underweight" title=" Underweight"> Underweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasting" title=" Wasting"> Wasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Lives%20Study%20%28YLS%29" title=" Young Lives Study (YLS)"> Young Lives Study (YLS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India "> India </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40682/effect-of-haemophilus-influenzae-type-b-hib-vaccination-on-child-anthropometry-in-india-evidence-from-young-lives-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40682.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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