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Richards</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 47 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="ديكنسون ريتشاردس – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديكنسون ريتشاردس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="ديكنسون ريتشاردس – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديكنسون ريتشاردس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88._%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="دیکینسن دبلیو. ریچاردز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دیکینسن دبلیو. ریچاردز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Дзікінсан Рычардс – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзікінсан Рычардс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B8" title="ডিকিনসন ডাব্লিউ রিচার্ডস – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডিকিনসন ডাব্লিউ রিচার্ডস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%DA%95%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="دیکینسۆن وودروف ڕیچاردس – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دیکینسۆن وودروف ڕیچاردس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_Richards" title="Dickinson Richards – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dickinson Richards" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88._%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="دیکینسن دبلیو. ریچاردز – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیکینسن دبلیو. ریچاردز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_Richards" title="Dickinson Richards – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dickinson Richards" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8,_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB" title="रिचर्ड्स, डिकिन्सन वुड्रफ – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="रिचर्ड्स, डिकिन्सन वुड्रफ" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%95._%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A1" title="דיקינסון וו. ריצ'רדס – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דיקינסון וו. ריצ'רדס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_Woodruff_Richards" title="Dickinson Woodruff Richards – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dickinson Woodruff Richards" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_Richards" title="Dickinson Richards – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dickinson Richards" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BBW%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="ディキソン・W・リチャーズ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ディキソン・W・リチャーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Дикинсон Ричардс – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дикинсон Ричардс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%ED%82%A8%EC%8A%A8_W._%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EC%A6%88" title="디킨슨 W. 리처즈 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디킨슨 W. 리처즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikinsons_Ri%C4%8Dardss" title="Dikinsons Ričardss – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dikinsons Ričardss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88._%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="دیکینسن دبلیو. ریچاردز – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دیکینسن دبلیو. ریچاردز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%88%D8%B2" title="ڈکنسن رچرڈز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈکنسن رچرڈز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_Richards" title="Dickinson Richards – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dickinson Richards" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81,_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ричардс, Дикинсон – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ричардс, Дикинсон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%92._%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Дикинсон В. Ричардс – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дикинсон В. Ричардс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_Woodruff_Richards" title="Dickinson Woodruff Richards – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dickinson Woodruff Richards" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Дікінсон Річардс – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дікінсон Річардс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86_%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%88" title="ڈکنسن ڈبلیو رچرڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈکنسن ڈبلیو رچرڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="დიკინსონ რიჩარდსი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიკინსონ რიჩარდსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Dickinson W. Richards" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%B9" title="迪金森·伍德拉夫·理查兹 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="迪金森·伍德拉夫·理查兹" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q312963#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelprijswinnaar"><img alt="Nobelprijswinnaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>  Dickinson W. Richards </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/30_oktober" title="30 oktober">30 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a> – <a href="/wiki/23_februari" title="23 februari">23 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Dickinson_W._Richards_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dickinson W. Richards" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Dickinson_W._Richards_nobel.jpg/266px-Dickinson_W._Richards_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Dickinson_W._Richards_nobel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteland </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Orange_(New_Jersey)" title="Orange (New Jersey)">Orange</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overlijdensplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lakeville_(Connecticut)" title="Lakeville (Connecticut)">Lakeville</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nobelprijs </th> <td colspan="2">Fysiologie of Geneeskunde </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <td colspan="2">1956 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reden </th> <td colspan="2">Voor ontdekkingen op het gebied van <a href="/wiki/Hartkatheterisatie" title="Hartkatheterisatie">hartkatheterisatie</a> en pathologische veranderingen van de <a href="/wiki/Bloedsomloop" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloedsomloop">bloedsomloop</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th>Samen met </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Cournand" class="mw-redirect" title="André Cournand">André Cournand</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Werner Forssmann</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Voorganger(s)</span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Hugo Theorell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger(s) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Daniel Bovet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geneeskunde" title="Portaal:Geneeskunde">Geneeskunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Dickinson Woodruff Richards</b> (<a href="/wiki/Orange_(New_Jersey)" title="Orange (New Jersey)">Orange (New Jersey)</a>, <a href="/wiki/30_oktober" title="30 oktober">30 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lakeville_(Connecticut)" title="Lakeville (Connecticut)">Lakeville (Connecticut)</a>, <a href="/wiki/23_februari" title="23 februari">23 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>) was een Amerikaans <a href="/wiki/Arts" title="Arts">arts</a> en <a href="/wiki/Fysiologie" title="Fysiologie">fysioloog</a>. In 1956 kreeg hij samen met <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Cournand" class="mw-redirect" title="André Cournand">André Cournand</a> en <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Werner Forssmann</a> de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a> voor het aantonen hoe een <a href="/wiki/Katheter" title="Katheter">katheter</a> kan worden ingebracht in het <a href="/wiki/Hart" title="Hart">hart</a>, en het bestuderen van meerdere aandoeningen aan het hart en de <a href="/wiki/Bloedsomloop" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloedsomloop">bloedsomloop</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickinson_W._Richards&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickinson_W._Richards&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richards, geboren in Orange, was de zoon van de advocaat Dickinson Woodruff sr. en Sally (Lambert) Richards die een afstammeling was uit een lijn van drie generaties van artsen. Hij genoot zijn opleiding aan <i>The Hotchkiss School</i> in Lakeville. In 1913 ging hij naar de <a href="/wiki/Yale-universiteit" title="Yale-universiteit">Yale-universiteit</a>, waar hij <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oudgrieks" title="Oudgrieks">Oudgrieks</a> studeerde en in 1917 afstudeerde. Datzelfde jaar ging hij bij het <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Amerikaanse leger</a> waar hij <a href="/wiki/Artillerie" title="Artillerie">artillerie</a>-instructeur werd. Hij diende van 1918 tot 1919 als officier in <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk">Frankrijk</a>. </p><p>Toen hij terugkeerde naar de <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a>, begon Richards aan een studie aan de medische faculteit van de <a href="/wiki/Columbia-universiteit" title="Columbia-universiteit">Columbia-universiteit</a>. Daar haalde hij in 1922 zijn <a href="/wiki/Master_(academische_graad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master (academische graad)">Master</a>, en in 1923 zijn <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a>. Tot 1927 werkte hij bij het <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Presbyterian_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York Presbyterian Hospital (de pagina bestaat niet)">New York Presbyterian Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(stad)" title="New York (stad)">New York</a>. Daarna vertrok hij naar Engeland om te gaan werken bij het <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Medical_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Institute for Medical Research (de pagina bestaat niet)">National Institute for Medical Research</a> in <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a> waar hij nauw samenwerkte met <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Hallett Dale</a> die een grote invloed had op zijn toekomstige onderzoek. </p><p>In 1928 keerde Richards terug naar het <i>Presbyterian Hospital</i> en begon met zijn onderzoek naar de fysiologie van de <a href="/wiki/Long_(orgaan)" title="Long (orgaan)">longen</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Hart-_en_vaatstelsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart- en vaatstelsel">hart- en vaatstelsel</a>. Hij werkte eerst onder prof. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Henderson (de pagina bestaat niet)">Lawrence Henderson</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Harvard-universiteit" title="Harvard-universiteit">Harvard-universiteit</a> aan methoden om de longfunctie te bestuderen bij patiënten met een longaandoening. </p><p>Daarna ging hij samenwerken met <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">André Cournand</a> aan het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellevue-ziekenhuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bellevue-ziekenhuis (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bellevue-ziekenhuis</a>, met wie hij een techniek voor <a href="/wiki/Hartkatheterisatie" title="Hartkatheterisatie">hartkatheterisatie</a> ontwikkelde – geïnspireerd door het vroege werk van de Duitser <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Werner Forssmann</a>. Daarnaast bestudeerden zij onder meer <a href="/wiki/Shock" title="Shock">shock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartfalen" title="Hartfalen">hartfalen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aangeboren_hartafwijking" class="mw-redirect" title="Aangeboren hartafwijking">aangeboren hartafwijkingen</a>. Dit onderzoek leverde hun uiteindelijk de Nobelprijs op. </p><p>In 1945 verhuisde Richards zijn <i>Cardiopulmonary</i>-lab naar het Bellevue-ziekenhuis. In 1947 werd hij de Lambert-hoogleraar in de Geneeskunde aan de <a href="/wiki/Columbia-universiteit" title="Columbia-universiteit">Columbia-universiteit</a>. Tijdens zijn carrière diende hij ook als adviseur bij <a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Merck & Co.">Merck Sharp and Dohme Company</a>. In 1961 ging Richards met <a href="/wiki/Emeritaat" title="Emeritaat">emeritaat</a> bij zowel de universiteit als Bellevue. </p><p>Richard kreeg voor zijn werk vele onderscheidingen, waaronder de <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Phillips_Memorial_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Phillips Memorial Award (de pagina bestaat niet)">John Phillips Memorial Award</a> van de <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_College_of_Physicians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American College of Physicians (de pagina bestaat niet)">American College of Physicians</a> in 1960, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trudeau_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trudeau Medal (de pagina bestaat niet)">Trudeau Medal</a> in 1968, en de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kober_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kober Medal (de pagina bestaat niet)">Kober Medal</a> van de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_American_Physicians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of American Physicians (de pagina bestaat niet)">Association of American Physicians</a> in 1970. In 1963 werd hij benoemd tot <a href="/wiki/Ridder_(ridderorde)" title="Ridder (ridderorde)">Ridder</a> in het Franse <a href="/wiki/Legioen_van_Eer" title="Legioen van Eer">Legioen van Eer</a>. </p><p>Richards huwde in 1931 met zijn laboratorium-assistente Constance Burrell Riley. Samen kregen ze vier dochters, Ida Elizabeth, Getrude Woodruff, Ann Huntingtoin en Constance Lord. Hij overleed in 1973 op 77-jarige leeftijd. </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li>Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards?oldid=">Dickinson W. Richards</a> op de Engelstalige Wikipedia, dat onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a> valt. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards?action=history">bewerkingsgeschiedenis</a></span> aldaar.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66936091">.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding{color:#ff0000;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding span{font-size:larger}</style></li> <li>Fishman, Alfred P. Richards, Dickinson Woodruff. American National Biography Online Feb. 2000.</li> <li>Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1942-1962, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1956/richards-bio.html">Dickinson W. Richards</a>, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1964</li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Cooper, Kelly Ottor</span> (1995). "Dickinson W. Richards". <i>Notable Twentieth-Century Scientists</i>.  Detroit: Gale Research Inc. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0810391819" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0810391819">ISBN 978-0810391819 </a></span>.</li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a> · 1907: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran" title="Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran">Laveran</a> · 1908: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Iljitsj_Metsjnikov" title="Ilja Iljitsj Metsjnikov">Mechnikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a> · 1909: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a> · 1910: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a> · 1911: <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a> · 1912: <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a> · 1913: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Richet</a> · 1914: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a> · 1919: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a> · 1920: <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a> · 1922: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a> · 1923: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod_(medicus)" title="John Macleod (medicus)">Macleod</a> · 1924: <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a> · 1926: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Grib_Fibiger" title="Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger">Fibiger</a> · 1927: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a> · 1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a> · 1929: <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Hopkins</a> · 1930: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a> · 1931: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg</a> · 1932: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Adrian</a> · 1933: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a> · 1934: <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Murphy" title="William Murphy">Murphy</a> · 1935: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a> · 1936: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a> · 1937: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a> · 1938: <a href="/wiki/Corneel_Heymans" title="Corneel Heymans">Heymans</a> · 1939: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a> · 1943: <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a> · 1944: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Gasser</a> · 1945: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a> · 1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a> · 1947: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C. Cori</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G. Cori</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Houssay</a> · 1948: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Müller</a> · 1949: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">Moniz</a> · 1950: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Hench</a> · 1951: <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a> · 1952: <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Waksman</a> · 1953: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(arts)" title="Hans Krebs (arts)">Krebs</a>,<a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Lipmann</a> · 1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Robbins</a> · 1955: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a> · 1956: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Forssmann</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richards</a> · 1957: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a> · 1958: <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a> · 1959: <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a> · 1960: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a> · 1961: <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a> · 1962: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a> · 1963: <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Huxley</a> · 1964: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen" title="Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen">Lynen</a> · 1965: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michael_Lwoff" title="André Michael Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Monod</a> · 1966: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Huggins</a> · 1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a> · 1968: <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a> · 1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Luria</a> · 1970: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Svante_von_Euler" title="Ulf Svante von Euler">Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a> · 1971: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_jr." title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland jr.">Sutherland</a> · 1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Porter" title="Rodney Porter">Porter</a> · 1973: <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niko_Tinbergen" title="Niko Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> · 1974: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">De Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">Palade</a> · 1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Temin</a> · 1976: <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a> · 1977: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Yalow</a> · 1978: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Othanel_Smith" title="Hamilton Othanel Smith">Smith</a> · 1979: <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a> · 1980: <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">Snell</a> · 1981: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sperry" title="Roger Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Wiesel</a> · 1982: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Karl_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Karl Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Ingemar_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Vane" title="John Robert Vane">Vane</a> · 1983: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a> · 1984: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_J.F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J.F. Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a> · 1985: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goldstein" title="Joseph Goldstein">Goldstein</a> · 1986: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemicus)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemicus)">Cohen</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a></span> · 1987: <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a> · 1988: <a href="/wiki/James_Whyte_Black" title="James Whyte Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Elion" title="Gertrude Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">Hitchings</a> · 1989: <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Bishop" title="John Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Varmus</a> · 1990: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray_(chirurg)" title="Joseph Murray (chirurg)">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a> · 1991: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a> · 1992: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Gerhard_Krebs" title="Edwin Gerhard Krebs">Krebs</a> · 1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Roberts" title="Richard John Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Sharp</a> · 1994: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Goodman_Gilman" title="Alfred Goodman Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a> · 1995: <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a> · 1996: <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a> · 1997: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Prusiner</a> · 1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a> · 1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a> · 2000: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a> · 2001: <a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a> · 2002: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Sulston" title="John Edward Sulston">Sulston</a> · 2003: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a> · 2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a> · 2005: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a> · 2006: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Mello</a> · 2007: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a> · 2008: <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Zur Hausen</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré–Sinoussi</a>,</span> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a> · 2009: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a> · 2010: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards_(fysioloog)" title="Robert Edwards (fysioloog)">Edwards</a> · 2011: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a> · 2012: <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a> · 2013: <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a> · 2014: <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Moser</a> · 2015: <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell_(wetenschapper)" title="William C. Campbell (wetenschapper)">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_Omura" title="Satoshi Omura">Omura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youyou_Tu" title="Youyou Tu">Tu</a> · 2016: <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Osumi" title="Yoshinori Osumi">Osumi</a> · 2017: <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a> · 2018: <a href="/wiki/James_Allison" title="James Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a> · 2019: <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_jr." title="William Kaelin jr.">Kaelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a> · 2020: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a> · 2021: <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a> · 2022: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a> · 2023: <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a> · 2024: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a> </p> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dickinson_W._Richards&oldid=66841541">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dickinson_W._Richards&oldid=66841541</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Winnaar_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Categorie:Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Fysioloog" title="Categorie:Fysioloog">Fysioloog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Amerikaans_medicus" title="Categorie:Amerikaans medicus">Amerikaans medicus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Amerikaans_hoogleraar" title="Categorie:Amerikaans hoogleraar">Amerikaans hoogleraar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:20e-eeuws_medicus" title="Categorie:20e-eeuws medicus">20e-eeuws medicus</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 15 jan 2024 om 16:55.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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