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of sediment</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: deposition of sediment"> <meta name="keywords" content="deposition of sediment"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="deposition of sediment"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1265</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: deposition of sediment</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1175</span> Tracing Sources of Sediment in an Arid River, Southern Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesam%20Gholami">Hesam Gholami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Elevated suspended sediment loads in riverine systems resulting from accelerated erosion due to human activities are a serious threat to the sustainable management of watersheds and ecosystem services therein worldwide. Therefore, mitigation of deleterious sediment effects as a distributed or non-point pollution source in the catchments requires reliable provenance information. Sediment tracing or sediment fingerprinting, as a combined process consisting of sampling, laboratory measurements, different statistical tests, and the application of mixing or unmixing models, is a useful technique for discriminating the sources of sediments. From 1996 to the present, different aspects of this technique, such as grouping the sources (spatial and individual sources), discriminating the potential sources by different statistical techniques, and modification of mixing and unmixing models, have been introduced and modified by many researchers worldwide, and have been applied to identify the provenance of fine materials in agricultural, rural, mountainous, and coastal catchments, and in large catchments with numerous lakes and reservoirs. In the last two decades, efforts exploring the uncertainties associated with sediment fingerprinting results have attracted increasing attention. The frameworks used to quantify the uncertainty associated with fingerprinting estimates can be divided into three groups comprising Monte Carlo simulation, Bayesian approaches and generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE). Given the above background, the primary goal of this study was to apply geochemical fingerprinting within the GLUE framework in the estimation of sub-basin spatial sediment source contributions in the arid Mehran River catchment in southern Iran, which drains into the Persian Gulf. The accuracy of GLUE predictions generated using four different sets of statistical tests for discriminating three sub-basin spatial sources was evaluated using 10 virtual sediments (VS) samples with known source contributions using the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). Based on the results, the contributions modeled by GLUE for the western, central and eastern sub-basins are 1-42% (overall mean 20%), 0.5-30% (overall mean 12%) and 55-84% (overall mean 68%), respectively. According to the mean absolute fit (MAF; ≥ 95% for all target sediment samples) and goodness-of-fit (GOF; ≥ 99% for all samples), our suggested modeling approach is an accurate technique to quantify the source of sediments in the catchments. Overall, the estimated source proportions can help watershed engineers plan the targeting of conservation programs for soil and water resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20source%20tracing" title="sediment source tracing">sediment source tracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20likelihood%20uncertainty%20estimation" title=" generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation"> generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20sediment%20mixtures" title=" virtual sediment mixtures"> virtual sediment mixtures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166240/tracing-sources-of-sediment-in-an-arid-river-southern-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1174</span> Effects of Climate Change and Land Use, Land Cover Change on Atmospheric Mercury</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiliang%20Wu">Shiliang Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huanxin%20Zhang"> Huanxin Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mercury has been well-known for its negative effects on wildlife, public health as well as the ecosystem. Once emitted into atmosphere, mercury can be transformed into different forms or enter the ecosystem through dry deposition or wet deposition. Some fraction of the mercury will be reemitted back into the atmosphere and be subject to the same cycle. In addition, the relatively long lifetime of elemental mercury in the atmosphere enables it to be transported long distances from source regions to receptor regions. Global change such as climate change and land use/land cover change impose significant challenges for mercury pollution control besides the efforts to regulate mercury anthropogenic emissions. In this study, we use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to examine the potential impacts from changes in climate and land use/land cover on the global budget of mercury as well as its atmospheric transport, chemical transformation, and deposition. We carry out a suite of sensitivity model simulations to separate the impacts on atmospheric mercury associated with changes in climate and land use/land cover. Both climate change and land use/land cover change are found to have significant impacts on global mercury budget but through different pathways. Land use/land cover change primarily increase mercury dry deposition in northern mid-latitudes over continental regions and central Africa. Climate change enhances the mobilization of mercury from soil and ocean reservoir to the atmosphere. Also, dry deposition is enhanced over most continental areas while a change in future precipitation dominates the change in mercury wet deposition. We find that 2000-2050 climate change could increase the global atmospheric burden of mercury by 5% and mercury deposition by up to 40% in some regions. Changes in land use and land cover also increase mercury deposition over some continental regions, by up to 40%. The change in the lifetime of atmospheric mercury has important implications for long-range transport of mercury. Our case study shows that changes in climate and land use and cover could significantly affect the source-receptor relationships for mercury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title="mercury">mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic%20pollutant" title=" toxic pollutant"> toxic pollutant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20transport" title=" atmospheric transport"> atmospheric transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24245/effects-of-climate-change-and-land-use-land-cover-change-on-atmospheric-mercury" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1173</span> Use of Chemical Extractions to Estimate the Metals Availability in Bricks Made of Dredged Sediments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabienne%20Baraud">Fabienne Baraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydia%20Leleyter"> Lydia Leleyter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Poree"> Sandra Poree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melanie%20Lemoine"> Melanie Lemoine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SEDIBRIC (valorization de SEDIments en BRIQues et tuiles) is a French project that aims to replace a part of natural clays with dredged sediments in the preparation of fired bricks in order to propose an alternative solution for the management of harbor dredged sediments. The feasibility of such re-use is explored from a technical, economic, and environmental point of view. The present study focuses on the potential environmental impact of various chemical elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mg, Mn, Pb, Ti, and Zn) that are initially present in the dredged sediments. The total content (after acid digestion) and the environmental availability (estimated by single extractions with various extractants) of these elements are determined in the raw sediments and in the obtained fired bricks. The possible influence of some steps of the manufacturing process (sediment pre-treatment, firing) is also explored. The first results show that the pre-treatment step, which uses tap water to desalinate the raw sediment, does not influence the environmental availability of the studied elements. However, the firing process, performed at 900°C, can affect the amount of some elements detected in the bricks, as well as their environmental availability. We note that for Cr, or Ni, the HCl or EDTA availability was increased in the brick (compared to the availability in the raw sediment). For Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, the HCl and EDTA availability was reduced in the bricks, meaning that these elements were stabilized within the bricks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bricks" title="bricks">bricks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20extraction" title=" chemical extraction"> chemical extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metals" title=" metals"> metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132584/use-of-chemical-extractions-to-estimate-the-metals-availability-in-bricks-made-of-dredged-sediments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1172</span> Fluvial Stage-Discharge Rating of a Selected Reach of Jamuna River</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makduma%20Zahan%20Badhan">Makduma Zahan Badhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdul%20Matin"> M. Abdul Matin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study has been undertaken to develop a fluvial stage-discharge rating curve for Jamuna River. Past Cross-sectional survey of Jamuna River reach within Sirajgonj and Tangail has been analyzed. The analysis includes the estimation of discharge carrying capacity, possible maximum scour depth and sediment transport capacity of the selected reaches. To predict the discharge and sediment carrying capacity, stream flow data which include cross-sectional area, top width, water surface slope and median diameter of the bed material of selected stations have been collected and some are calculated from reduced level data. A well-known resistance equation has been adopted and modified to a simple form in order to be used in the present analysis. The modified resistance equation has been used to calculate the mean velocity through the channel sections. In addition, a sediment transport equation has been applied for the prediction of transport capacity of the various sections. Results show that the existing drainage sections of Jamuna channel reach under study have adequate carrying capacity under existing bank-full conditions, but these reaches are subject to bed erosion even in low flow situations. Regarding sediment transport rate, it can be estimated that the channel flow has a relatively high range of bed material concentration. Finally, stage discharge curves for various sections have been developed. Based on stage-discharge rating data of various sections, water surface profile and sediment-rating curve of Jamuna River have been developed and also the flooding conditions have been analyzed from predicted water surface profile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discharge%20rating" title="discharge rating">discharge rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20profile" title=" flow profile"> flow profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluvial" title=" fluvial"> fluvial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20rating" title=" sediment rating"> sediment rating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80722/fluvial-stage-discharge-rating-of-a-selected-reach-of-jamuna-river" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1171</span> Assessment of Soil Erosion Risk Using Soil and Water Assessment Tools Model: Case of Siliana Watershed, Northwest Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Dridi">Sana Dridi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalel%20Aouissi"> Jalel Aouissi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafla%20Attia"> Rafla Attia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taoufik%20Hermassi"> Taoufik Hermassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thouraya%20Sahli"> Thouraya Sahli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil erosion is an increasing issue in Mediterranean countries. In Tunisia, the capacity of dam reservoirs continues to decrease as a consequence of soil erosion. This study aims to predict sediment yield to enrich soil management practices using Soil and Water Assessment Tools model (SWAT) in the Siliana watershed (1041.6 km²), located in the northwest of Tunisia. A database was constructed using remote sensing and Geographical Information System. Climatic and flow data were collected from water resources directorates in Tunisia. The SWAT model was built to simulate hydrological processes and sediment transport. A sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation were performed using SWAT-CUP software. The model calibration of stream flow simulations shows a good performance with NSE and R² values of 0.77 and 0.79, respectively. The model validation shows a very good performance with values of NSE and R² for 0.8 and 0.88, respectively. After calibration and validation of stream flow simulation, the model was used to simulate the soil erosion and sediment load transport. The spatial distributions of soil loss rate for determining the critical sediment source areas show that 63 % of the study area has a low soil loss rate less than 7 t ha⁻¹y⁻¹. The annual average soil loss rate simulated with the SWAT model in the Siliana watershed is 4.62 t ha⁻¹y⁻¹. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20erosion" title="water erosion">water erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWAT%20model" title=" SWAT model"> SWAT model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=streamflow" title=" streamflow"> streamflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWATCUP" title=" SWATCUP"> SWATCUP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20yield" title=" sediment yield"> sediment yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162454/assessment-of-soil-erosion-risk-using-soil-and-water-assessment-tools-model-case-of-siliana-watershed-northwest-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1170</span> Comparison between Two Software Packages GSTARS4 and HEC-6 about Prediction of the Sedimentation Amount in Dam Reservoirs and to Estimate Its Efficient Life Time in the South of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Faramarzi">Fatemeh Faramarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hosein%20Mahjoob"> Hosein Mahjoob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building dams on rivers for utilization of water resources causes problems in hydrodynamic equilibrium and results in leaving all or part of the sediments carried by water in dam reservoir. This phenomenon has also significant impacts on water and sediment flow regime and in the long term can cause morphological changes in the environment surrounding the river, reducing the useful life of the reservoir which threatens sustainable development through inefficient management of water resources. In the past, empirical methods were used to predict the sedimentation amount in dam reservoirs and to estimate its efficient lifetime. But recently the mathematical and computational models are widely used in sedimentation studies in dam reservoirs as a suitable tool. These models usually solve the equations using finite element method. This study compares the results from tow software packages, GSTARS4 & HEC-6, in the prediction of the sedimentation amount in Dez dam, southern Iran. The model provides a one-dimensional, steady-state simulation of sediment deposition and erosion by solving the equations of momentum, flow and sediment continuity and sediment transport. GSTARS4 (Generalized Sediment Transport Model for Alluvial River Simulation) which is based on a one-dimensional mathematical model that simulates bed changes in both longitudinal and transverse directions by using flow tubes in a quasi-two-dimensional scheme to calibrate a period of 47 years and forecast the next 47 years of sedimentation in Dez Dam, Southern Iran. This dam is among the highest dams all over the world (with its 203 m height), and irrigates more than 125000 square hectares of downstream lands and plays a major role in flood control in the region. The input data including geometry, hydraulic and sedimentary data, starts from 1955 to 2003 on a daily basis. To predict future river discharge, in this research, the time series data were assumed to be repeated after 47 years. Finally, the obtained result was very satisfactory in the delta region so that the output from GSTARS4 was almost identical to the hydrographic profile in 2003. In the Dez dam due to the long (65 km) and a large tank, the vertical currents are dominant causing the calculations by the above-mentioned method to be inaccurate. To solve this problem, we used the empirical reduction method to calculate the sedimentation in the downstream area which led to very good answers. Thus, we demonstrated that by combining these two methods a very suitable model for sedimentation in Dez dam for the study period can be obtained. The present study demonstrated successfully that the outputs of both methods are the same. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dez%20Dam" title="Dez Dam">Dez Dam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sedimentation" title=" sedimentation"> sedimentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20resources" title=" water resources"> water resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20models" title=" computational models"> computational models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSTARS4" title=" GSTARS4"> GSTARS4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEC-6" title=" HEC-6"> HEC-6</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12507/comparison-between-two-software-packages-gstars4-and-hec-6-about-prediction-of-the-sedimentation-amount-in-dam-reservoirs-and-to-estimate-its-efficient-life-time-in-the-south-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1169</span> Formulation of Mortars with Marine Sediments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor-Edine%20Abriak">Nor-Edine Abriak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouhamadou%20Amar"> Mouhamadou Amar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahfoud%20Benzerzour"> Mahfoud Benzerzour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transition to a more sustainable economy is directed by a reduction in the consumption of raw materials in equivalent production. The recovery of byproducts and especially the dredged sediment as mineral addition in cements matrix represents an alternative to reduce raw material consumption and construction sector’s carbon footprint. However, the efficient use of sediment requires adequate and optimal treatment. Several processing techniques have so far been applied in order to improve some physicochemical properties. The heat treatment by calcination was effective in removing the organic fraction and activates the pozzolanic properties. In this article, the effect of the optimized heat treatment of marine sediments in the physico-mechanical and environmental properties of mortars are shown. A finding is that the optimal substitution of a portion of cement by treated sediments by calcination at 750 °C helps to maintain or improve the mechanical properties of the cement matrix in comparison with a standard reference mortar. The use of calcined sediment enhances mortar behavior in terms of mechanical strength and durability. From an environmental point of view and life cycle, mortars formulated containing treated sediments are considered inert with respect to the inert waste storage facilities reference (ISDI-France). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title="sediment">sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcination" title=" calcination"> calcination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reuse" title=" reuse"> reuse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77260/formulation-of-mortars-with-marine-sediments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1168</span> RBS Characteristic of Cd1−xZnxS Thin Film Fabricated by Vacuum Deposition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Dahbi">N. Dahbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20E.%20Arafah"> D. E. Arafah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cd1−xZnxS thins films have been fabricated from ZnS/CdS/ZnS multilayer thin film systems, by using the vacuum deposition method; the Rutherford back-scattering (RBS) technique have been applied in order to determine the: structure, composition, depth profile, and stoichiometric of these films. The influence of the chemical and heat treatments on the produced films also have been investigated; the RBS spectra of the films showed that homogenous Cd1−xZnxS can be synthesized with x=0.45. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cd1%E2%88%92xZnxS" title="Cd1−xZnxS">Cd1−xZnxS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20treatment" title=" chemical treatment"> chemical treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth%20profile" title=" depth profile"> depth profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20treatment" title=" heat treatment"> heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RBS" title=" RBS"> RBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RUMP%20simulation" title=" RUMP simulation"> RUMP simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20deposition" title=" vacuum deposition"> vacuum deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnS%2FCdS%2FZnS" title=" ZnS/CdS/ZnS"> ZnS/CdS/ZnS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3329/rbs-characteristic-of-cd1xznxs-thin-film-fabricated-by-vacuum-deposition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1167</span> Preliminary Study of Sediment-Derived Plastiglomerate: Proposal to Classification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agung%20Rizki%20Perdana">Agung Rizki Perdana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asrofi%20Mursalin"> Asrofi Mursalin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adniwan%20Shubhi%20Banuzaki"> Adniwan Shubhi Banuzaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Indra%20Novian"> M. Indra Novian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The understanding about sediment-derived plastiglomerate has a wide-range of merit in the academic realm. It can cover discussions about the Anthropocene Epoch in the scope of geoscience knowledge to even provide a solution for the environmental problem of plastic waste. Albeit its importance, very few research has been done regarding this issue. This research aims to create a classification as a pioneer for the study of sediment-derived plastiglomerate. This research was done in Bantul Regency, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province as an analogue of plastic debris sedimentation process. Observation is carried out in five observation points that shows three different depositional environments, which are terrestrial, fluvial, and transitional environment. The resulting classification uses three parameters and forms in a taxonomical manner. These parameters are composition, degree of lithification, and abundance of matrix respectively in advancing order. There is also a compositional ternary diagram which should be followed before entering the plastiglomerate nomenclature classification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastiglomerate" title="plastiglomerate">plastiglomerate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sedimentary%20mechanism" title=" sedimentary mechanism"> sedimentary mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microplastic" title=" microplastic"> microplastic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106997/preliminary-study-of-sediment-derived-plastiglomerate-proposal-to-classification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1166</span> Inorganic Microporous Membranes Fabricated by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Liquid Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damian%20A.%20Mooney">Damian A. Mooney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20T.%20P.%20Mc%20Cann"> Michael T. P. Mc Cann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Don%20MacElroy"> J. M. Don MacElroy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olli%20Antson"> Olli Antson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20P.%20Dowling"> Denis P. Dowling</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atmospheric pressure plasma liquid deposition (APPLD) is a novel technology used for the deposition of thin films via the injection of a reactive liquid precursor into a high-energy discharge plasma at ambient pressure. In this work, APPLD, utilising a TEOS precursor, was employed to produce asymmetric membranes consisting of a thin (100 nm) layer of deposited silica on a microporous silica support in order to assess their suitability for high temperature gas separation applications. He and N₂ gas permeability measurements were made for each of the fabricated membranes and a maximum ideal He/N₂ selectivity of 66 was observed at room temperature. He, N₂ and CO2 gas permeances were also measured at the elevated temperature of 673K and ideal He/N₂ and CO₂/N₂ selectivities of 300 and 7.4, respectively, were observed. The results suggest that this plasma-based deposition technique can be a viable method for the manufacture of membranes for the efficient separation of high temperature, post-combustion gases, including that of CO₂/N₂ where the constituent gases differ in size by fractions of an Ångstrom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20membrane" title="asymmetric membrane">asymmetric membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20separation" title=" CO₂ separation"> CO₂ separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature" title=" high temperature"> high temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20deposition" title=" plasma deposition"> plasma deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48713/inorganic-microporous-membranes-fabricated-by-atmospheric-pressure-plasma-liquid-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1165</span> Spatio-temporal Variations in Heavy Metal Concentrations in Sediment of Qua Iboe River Estuary, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justina%20I.%20R.%20Udotong">Justina I. R. Udotong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ime%20R.%20Udotong"> Ime R. Udotong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Offiong%20U.%20Eka"> Offiong U. Eka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concentrations of heavy metals in sediments of Qua Iboe River Estuary (QIRE) were monitored at four different sampling locations in wet and dry seasons. A preliminary survey to determine the four sampling stations along the river continuum showed that the area spanned between < 0.1% salinity at the control station and 21.5‰ at the fourth station along the river continuum. A preliminary survey to determine the four sampling locations along the river estuary showed variations in salinity and other physicochemical parameters. The estuary was found to be polluted with heavy metals from point and nonpoint sources at varying degrees. Mean values of 7.80 mg/kg, 4.97 mg/kg and 2.80 mg/kg of nickel were obtained for sediment samples from Douglas creek, Qua Iboe and Atlantic sampling locations, respectively in the dry season. The wet season nickel concentrations were however lower. The entire study area was grossly contaminated by iron. At Douglas creek, the concentration of iron in sediment was 9274 ± 9.54 mg/kg while copper, nickel, lead and vanadium were <0.5 mg/kg each as compared to iron. Bioaccumulation was therefore suspected within the study area as values of 31.00 ± 0.79, 36.00 ± 0.10 and 55.00 ± 0.05 mg/kg of zinc were recorded in sediment at Douglas creek, Atlantic and the control sampling locations. The results from this study showed that the source of these heavy metals were from point sources like the corrosion of metal steel pipes from old bridges as well as oily sludge wastes from the Qua Iboe Terminal / tank farm located within the vicinity of the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title="heavy metal">heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qua%20Iboe%20River%20estuary" title=" Qua Iboe River estuary"> Qua Iboe River estuary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonal%20variations" title=" seasonal variations"> seasonal variations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sediment" title=" Sediment"> Sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31121/spatio-temporal-variations-in-heavy-metal-concentrations-in-sediment-of-qua-iboe-river-estuary-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1164</span> Comparative Assessment of Microplastic Pollution in Surface Water and Sediment of the Gomati and Saryu Rivers, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20K.%20Mishra">Amit K. Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaswant%20Singh"> Jaswant Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The menace of plastic, which significantly pollutes the aquatic environment, has emerged as a global problem. There is an emerging concern about microplastics (MPs) accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. It is familiar to everyone that the ultimate end for most of the plastic debris is the ocean. Rivers are the efficient carriers for transferring MPs from terrestrial to aquatic, further from upstream to downstream areas, and ultimately to oceans. The root cause study can provide an effective solution to a problem; hence, tracing of MPs in the riverine system can illustrate the long-term microplastic pollution. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and distribution of microplastic contamination in surface water and sediment of the two major river systems of Uttar Pradesh, India. One is the Gomti River, Lucknow, a tributary of the Ganga, and the second is the Saryu River, the lower part of the Ghagra River, which flows through the city of Ayodhya. In this study, the distribution and abundance of MPs in surface water and sediments of two rivers were compared. Samples of water and sediment were collected from different (four from each river) sampling stations in the river catchment of two rivers. Plastic particles were classified according to type, shape, and color. In this study, 1523 (average abundance 254) and 143 (average abundance 26) microplastics were identified in all studied sites in the Gomati River and Saryu River, respectively. Observations on samples of water showed that the average MPs concentration was 392 (±69.6) and 63 ((±18.9) particles per 50l of water, whereas the sediment sample showed that the average MPs concentration was 116 (±42.9) and 46 (±12.5) particles per 250gm of dry sediment in the Gomati River and Saryu River, respectively. The high concentration of microplastics in the Lucknow area can be attributed to human activities, population density, and the entry of various effluents into the river. Microplastics with fibrous shapes were dominated, followed by fragment shapes in all the samples. The present study is a pioneering effort to count MPs in the Gomati and Saryu River systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freshwater" title="freshwater">freshwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gomati" title=" Gomati"> Gomati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microplastics" title=" microplastics"> microplastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saryu" title=" Saryu"> Saryu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166076/comparative-assessment-of-microplastic-pollution-in-surface-water-and-sediment-of-the-gomati-and-saryu-rivers-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1163</span> New Insights Into Fog Role In Atmospheric Deposition Using Satellite Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suruchi">Suruchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to examine the spatial and temporal patterns of fog occurrences across Czech Republic. It utilizes satellite imagery and other data sources to achieve this goal. The main objective is to understand the role of fog in atmospheric deposition processes and its potential impact on the environment and ecosystems. Through satellite image analysis, the study will identify and categorize different types of fog, including radiation fog, orographic fog, and mountain fog. Fog detection algorithms and cloud type products will be evaluated to assess the frequency and distribution of fog events throughout the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the regions covered by fog will be classified based on their fog type and associated pollution levels. This will provide insights into the variability in fog characteristics and its implications for atmospheric deposition. Spatial analysis techniques will be used to pinpoint areas prone to frequent fog events and evaluate their pollution levels. Statistical methods will be employed to analyze patterns in fog occurrence over time and its connection with environmental factors. The ultimate goal of this research is to offer fresh perspectives on fog's role in atmospheric deposition processes, enhancing our understanding of its environmental significance and informing future research and environmental management initiatives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title="pollution">pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FOG" title=" FOG"> FOG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellie" title=" satellie"> satellie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20deposition" title=" atmospheric deposition"> atmospheric deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191540/new-insights-into-fog-role-in-atmospheric-deposition-using-satellite-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1162</span> Evaluation of the Efficacy of Titanium Alloy Dental Implants Coated by Bio-ceramic Apatite Wollastonite (Aw) and Hydroxyapatite (Ha) by Pulsed Laser Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Betsy%20S.%20Thomas">Betsy S. Thomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjeet%20Marpara"> Manjeet Marpara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Bhat"> K. M. Bhat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: After the initial enthusiasm and interest in hydroxyapatite products subsided due to dissolution of the coating and failure at the coating interface, this was a unique attempt to create a next generation of dental implant. Materials and Methods: The adhesion property of AW and HA coatings at various temperature by pulsed laser deposition was assessed on titanium plates. Moreover, AW/HA coated implants implanted in the femur of the rabbits was evaluated at various intervals. Results: Decohesion load was more for AW in scratch test and more bone formation around AW coated implants on histological evaluation. Discussion: AW coating by pulsed laser deposition was more adherent to the titanium surface and led to faster bone formation than HA. Conclusion: This experiment opined that AW coated by pulsed laser deposition seems to be a promising method in achieving bioactive coatings on titanium implants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20coating" title="surface coating">surface coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20implants" title=" dental implants"> dental implants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osseo%20integration" title=" osseo integration"> osseo integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotechnology" title=" biotechnology"> biotechnology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2446/evaluation-of-the-efficacy-of-titanium-alloy-dental-implants-coated-by-bio-ceramic-apatite-wollastonite-aw-and-hydroxyapatite-ha-by-pulsed-laser-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1161</span> Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) Process Investigation for Co Thin Film as a TSV Alternative Seed Layer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Esmaeili">Sajjad Esmaeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Krause"> Robert Krause</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukas%20Gerlich"> Lukas Gerlich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Mohammadian%20Kia"> Alireza Mohammadian Kia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Uhlig"> Benjamin Uhlig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This investigation aims to develop the feasible and qualitative process parameters for the thin films fabrication into ultra-large through-silicon-vias (TSVs) as vertical interconnections. The focus of the study is on TSV metallization and its challenges employing new materials for the purpose of rapid signal propagation in the microsystems technology. Cobalt metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (Co-MOCVD) process enables manufacturing an adhesive and excellent conformal ultra-thin film all the way through TSVs in comparison with the conventional non-conformal physical vapor deposition (PVD) process of copper (Cu) seed layer. Therefore, this process provides a Cu seed-free layer which is capable of direct Cu electrochemical deposition (Cu-ECD) on top of it. The main challenge of this metallization module is to achieve the proper alternative seed layer with less roughness, sheet resistance and granular organic contamination (e.g. carbon) which intensify the Co corrosion under the influence of Cu electrolyte. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cobalt%20MOCVD" title="Cobalt MOCVD">Cobalt MOCVD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20Cu%20electrochemical%20deposition%20%28ECD%29" title=" direct Cu electrochemical deposition (ECD)"> direct Cu electrochemical deposition (ECD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallization%20technology" title=" metallization technology"> metallization technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=through-silicon-via%20%28TSV%29" title=" through-silicon-via (TSV)"> through-silicon-via (TSV)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96811/metal-organic-chemical-vapor-deposition-mocvd-process-investigation-for-co-thin-film-as-a-tsv-alternative-seed-layer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1160</span> Distribution of Gamma-Radiation Levels in Core Sediment Samples in Gulf of İzmir, Eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Kurt">D. Kurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0.%20F.%20Barut"> İ. F. Barut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20%C3%9C.%20Y%C3%BCm%C3%BCn"> Z. Ü. Yümün</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kam"> E. Kam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After development of the industrial revolution, industrial plants and settlements have spread widely on the sea coasts. This concentration also brings environmental pollution in the sea. This study focuses on the Gulf of İzmir where is located in West of Turkey and it is a fascinating natural gulf of the Eastern Aegean Sea. Investigating marine current sediment is extremely important to detect pollution. Natural radionuclides’ pollution of the marine environment which is also known as a significant environmental anxiety. Ground drilling cores (the depth of each sediment is variant) were collected from the Gulf of İzmir’s four different locations which were Karşıyaka, İnciraltı, Çeşmealtı and Bayraklı. These sediment cores were put in preserving bags with weight around 1 kg, and they were dried at room temperature in a week for moisture removal. Then, they were sieved with 1 mm sieve holes, and finally these powdered samples were relocation to polyethylene Marinelli beakers of 100 ml versions. Each prepared sediment was waited to reach radioactive equilibrium between uranium and thorium for 40 days. Gamma spectrometry measurements were settled using a HPG (High- Purity Germanium) semiconductor detector. Semiconductor detectors are very good at separating power of the energy, they are easily able to differentiate peaks that are pretty close to each other. That is why, gamma spectroscopy’s usage is common for the determination of the activities of U - 238, Th - 232, Ra - 226, Cr - 137 and K - 40 in Bq kg⁻¹. In this study, the results display that the average concentrations of activities’ values are in respectively; 2.2 ± 1.5 Bq/ kg⁻¹, 0.98 ± 0.02 Bq/ kg⁻¹, 8 ± 0.96 Bq/ kg⁻¹, 0.93 ± 0.14 Bq/ kg⁻¹, and 76.05 ± 0.93 Bq/ kg⁻¹. The outcomes of the study are able to be used as a criterion for forthcoming research and the obtained data would be pragmatic for radiological mapping of the precise areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma" title="gamma">gamma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulf%20of%20%C4%B0zmir%20%28Eastern%20Aegean%20Sea-Turkey%29" title=" Gulf of İzmir (Eastern Aegean Sea-Turkey)"> Gulf of İzmir (Eastern Aegean Sea-Turkey)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20radionuclides" title=" natural radionuclides"> natural radionuclides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48225/distribution-of-gamma-radiation-levels-in-core-sediment-samples-in-gulf-of-izmir-eastern-aegean-sea-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1159</span> [Keynote Talk]: Heavy Metals in Marine Sediments of Gulf of Izmir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kam">E. Kam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20U.%20Y%C3%BCm%C3%BCn"> Z. U. Yümün</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Kurt"> D. Kurt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, sediment samples were collected from four sampling sites located on the shores of the Gulf of İzmir. In the samples, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined using inductively coupled, plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The average heavy metal concentrations were: Cd < LOD (limit of detection); Co 14.145 ± 0.13 μg g<sup>−1</sup>; Cr 112.868 ± 0.89 μg g<sup>−1</sup>; Cu 34.045 ± 0.53 μg g<sup>−1</sup>; Mn 481.43 ± 7.65 μg g<sup>−1</sup>; Ni 76.538 ± 3.81 μg g<sup>−1</sup>; Pb 11.059 ± 0.53 μg g<sup>−1 </sup>and Zn 140.133 ± 1.37 μg g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The results were compared with the average abundances of these elements in the Earth’s crust. The measured heavy metal concentrations can serve as reference values for further studies carried out on the shores of the Aegean Sea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title="heavy metal">heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aegean%20Sea" title=" Aegean Sea"> Aegean Sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICP-OES" title=" ICP-OES"> ICP-OES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99378/keynote-talk-heavy-metals-in-marine-sediments-of-gulf-of-izmir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1158</span> The Effects of Some Organic Amendments on Sediment Yield, Splash Loss, and Runoff of Soils of Selected Parent Materials in Southeastern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Chimaobi%20Agim">Leonard Chimaobi Agim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Arinzechukwu%20Igwe"> Charles Arinzechukwu Igwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Uzoma%20Onweremadu"> Emmanuel Uzoma Onweremadu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabreil%20Osuji"> Gabreil Osuji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil erosion has been linked to stream sedimentation, ecosystem degradation, and loss of soil nutrients. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of some organic amendment on sediment yield, splash loss, and runoff of soils of selected parent materials in southeastern Nigeria. A total of 20 locations, five from each of four parent materials namely: Asu River Group (ARG), Bende Ameki Group (BAG), Coastal Plain Sand (CPS) and Falsebedded Sandstone (FBS) were used for the study. Collected soil samples were analyzed with standard methods for the initial soil properties. Rainfall simulation at an intensity of 190 mm hr-1was conducted for 30 minutes on the soil samples at both the initial stage and after amendment to obtain erosion parameters. The influence of parent material on sediment yield, splash loss and runoff based on rainfall simulation was tested for using one way analyses of variance, while the influence of organic material and their combinations were a factorially fitted in a randomized complete block design. The organic amendments include; goat dropping (GD), poultry dropping (PD), municipal solid waste (MSW) and their combinations (COA) applied at four rates of 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha-1 respectively. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance suitable for a factorial experiment. Significant means were separated using LSD at 5 % probability levels. Result showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) lower values of sediment yield, splash loss and runoff following amendment. For instance, organic amendment reduced sediment yield under wet and dry runs by 12.91 % and 26.16% in Ishiagu, 40.76% and 45.67%, in Bende, 16.17% and 50% in Obinze and 22.80% and 42.35% in Umulolo respectively. Goat dropping and combination of amendment gave the best results in reducing sediment yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20amendment" title="organic amendment">organic amendment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent%20material" title=" parent material"> parent material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20simulation" title=" rainfall simulation"> rainfall simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title=" soil erosion"> soil erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69292/the-effects-of-some-organic-amendments-on-sediment-yield-splash-loss-and-runoff-of-soils-of-selected-parent-materials-in-southeastern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1157</span> Improving Fused Deposition Modeling Efficiency: A Parameter Optimization Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wadea%20Ameen">Wadea Ameen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid prototyping (RP) technology, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), is gaining popularity because it can produce functioning components with intricate geometric patterns in a reasonable amount of time. A multitude of process variables influences the quality of manufactured parts. In this study, four important process parameters such as layer thickness, model interior fill style, support fill style and orientation are considered. Their influence on three responses, such as build time, model material, and support material, is studied. Experiments are conducted based on factorial design, and the results are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modeling" title="fused deposition modeling">fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factorial%20design" title=" factorial design"> factorial design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title=" 3D printing"> 3D printing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191939/improving-fused-deposition-modeling-efficiency-a-parameter-optimization-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1156</span> Deposition and Properties of PEO Coatings on Zinc-Aluminum Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linlin%20Wang">Linlin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guangdong%20Bian"> Guangdong Bian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jifeng%20Shen"> Jifeng Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingzhu%20Zeng"> Jingzhu Zeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zinc-aluminum alloys have been applied as alternatives to bronze, aluminum alloys, and cast iron due to their distinguishing features such as high as-cast strength, excellent bearing properties, as well as low energy requirements for melting. In this study, oxide coatings were produced on ZA27 zinc-aluminum alloy by a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method. Three coatings were deposited by using three various electrolytes, i.e. silicate, aluminate and aluminate/borate composite solutions. The current density is set at 0.1A/cm2, deposition time is 40 mins for all the deposition processes. The surface morphology and phase structure of the three coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Pin-on-disc sliding wear tests were conducted to test the tribological properties of coatings. The results indicated that the coating produced using the aluminate/borate composite electrolyte had the highest deposition rate and best wear resistance among the three coatings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxide%20coating" title="oxide coating">oxide coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEO" title=" PEO"> PEO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribological%20properties" title=" tribological properties"> tribological properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZA27" title=" ZA27"> ZA27</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22895/deposition-and-properties-of-peo-coatings-on-zinc-aluminum-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1155</span> Enhancement of Hydrophobicity of Thermally Evaporated Bi Thin Films by Oblique Angle Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravish%20K.%20Jain">Ravish K. Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jatinder%20Kaur"> Jatinder Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaira%20Arora"> Shaira Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Kumar"> Arun Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20K.%20Chawla"> Amit K. Chawla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atul%20Khanna"> Atul Khanna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface-dependent properties such as hydrophobicity can be modified significantly by oblique angle deposition technique. Bi thin films were studied for their hydrophobic nature. The effects of oblique angle deposition on structural, surface morphology, electrical and wettability properties of Bi thin films have been studied and a comparison of these physical properties of normally deposited and obliquely deposited Bi films has been carried out in this study. X-ray diffraction studies found that films have highly oriented hexagonal crystal structure and crystallite size is smaller for obliquely deposited (70 nm) film as compared to that of the normally deposited film (111 nm). Raman spectra of the films consist of peaks corresponding to E_g and A_1g first-order Raman modes of bismuth. The atomic force and scanning electron microscopy studies show that the surface roughness of obliquely deposited film is higher as compared to that of normally deposited film. Contact angle measurements revealed that both films are strongly hydrophobic in nature with the contact angles of 105ᵒ and 119ᵒ for normally and obliquely deposited films respectively. Oblique angle deposition enhances the hydrophobicity of the film. The electrical conductivity of the film is significantly reduced by oblique angle deposition. The activation energies for electrical conduction were determined by four-probe measurements and are 0.016 eV and 0.018 eV for normally and obliquely deposited films respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bi%20thin%20films" title="bi thin films">bi thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobicity" title=" hydrophobicity"> hydrophobicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oblique%20angle%20deposition" title=" oblique angle deposition"> oblique angle deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20morphology" title=" surface morphology"> surface morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97326/enhancement-of-hydrophobicity-of-thermally-evaporated-bi-thin-films-by-oblique-angle-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1154</span> Investigating Sediment-Bound Chemical Transport in an Eastern Mediterranean Perennial Stream to Identify Priority Pollution Sources on a Catchment Scale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felicia%20Orah%20Rein%20Moshe">Felicia Orah Rein Moshe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil erosion has become a priority global concern, impairing water quality and degrading ecosystem services. In Mediterranean climates, following a long dry period, the onset of rain occurs when agricultural soils are often bare and most vulnerable to erosion. Early storms transport sediments and sediment-bound pollutants into streams, along with dissolved chemicals. This results in loss of valuable topsoil, water quality degradation, and potentially expensive dredged-material disposal costs. Information on the provenance of fine sediment and priority sources of adsorbed pollutants represents a critical need for developing effective control strategies aimed at source reduction. Modifying sediment traps designed for marine systems, this study tested a cost-effective method to collect suspended sediments on a catchment scale to characterize stream water quality during first-flush storm events in a flashy Eastern Mediterranean coastal perennial stream. This study investigated the Kishon Basin, deploying sediment traps in 23 locations, including 4 in the mainstream and one downstream in each of 19 tributaries, enabling the characterization of sediment as a vehicle for transporting chemicals. Further, it enabled direct comparison of sediment-bound pollutants transported during the first-flush winter storms of 2020 from each of 19 tributaries, allowing subsequent ecotoxicity ranking. Sediment samples were successfully captured in 22 locations. Pesticides, pharmaceuticals, nutrients, and metal concentrations were quantified, identifying a total of 50 pesticides, 15 pharmaceuticals, and 22 metals, with 16 pesticides and 3 pharmaceuticals found in all 23 locations, demonstrating the importance of this transport pathway. Heavy metals were detected in only one tributary, identifying an important watershed pollution source with immediate potential influence on long-term dredging costs. Simultaneous sediment sampling at first flush storms enabled clear identification of priority tributaries and their chemical contributions, advancing a new national watershed monitoring approach, facilitating strategic plan development based on source reduction, and advancing the goal of improving the farm-stream interface, conserving soil resources, and protecting water quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorbed%20pollution" title="adsorbed pollution">adsorbed pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dredged%20material" title=" dredged material"> dredged material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suspended%20sediment" title=" suspended sediment"> suspended sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality%20monitoring" title=" water quality monitoring"> water quality monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153169/investigating-sediment-bound-chemical-transport-in-an-eastern-mediterranean-perennial-stream-to-identify-priority-pollution-sources-on-a-catchment-scale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1153</span> Approximation of PE-MOCVD to ALD for TiN Concerning Resistivity and Chemical Composition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Geringswald">D. Geringswald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Hintze"> B. Hintze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The miniaturization of circuits is advancing. During chip manufacturing, structures are filled for example by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Since this process reaches its limits in case of very high aspect ratios, the use of alternatives such as the atomic layer deposition (ALD) is possible, requiring the extension of existing coating systems. However, it is an unsolved question to what extent MOCVD can achieve results similar as an ALD process. In this context, this work addresses the characterization of a metal organic vapor deposition of titanium nitride. Based on the current state of the art, the film properties coating thickness, sheet resistance, resistivity, stress and chemical composition are considered. The used setting parameters are temperature, plasma gas ratio, plasma power, plasma treatment time, deposition time, deposition pressure, number of cycles and TDMAT flow. The derived process instructions for unstructured wafers and inside a structure with high aspect ratio include lowering the process temperature and increasing the number of cycles, the deposition and the plasma treatment time as well as the plasma gas ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen (H<sub>2</sub>:N<sub>2</sub>). In contrast to the current process configuration, the deposited titanium nitride (TiN) layer is more uniform inside the entire test structure. Consequently, this paper provides approaches to employ the MOCVD for structures with increasing aspect ratios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ALD" title="ALD">ALD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20aspect%20ratio" title=" high aspect ratio"> high aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PE-MOCVD" title=" PE-MOCVD"> PE-MOCVD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiN" title=" TiN"> TiN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50360/approximation-of-pe-mocvd-to-ald-for-tin-concerning-resistivity-and-chemical-composition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1152</span> Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) of Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2) Monolayers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Omar">Omar Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan%20Jun"> Yuan Jun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Jinghua"> Hong Jinghua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Chuanhong"> Jin Chuanhong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) and sulphur powders are used to grow MoS2 mono layers at elevated temperatures T≥800 °C. Centimetre scale continues thin films with grain size up to 410 µm have been grown using chemical vapour deposition. To our best knowledge, these domains are the largest that have been grown so far. Advantage of our approach is not only because of the high quality films with large domain size one can produce, but also the procedure is potentially less hazardous than other methods tried. The thin films have been characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molybdenum%20disulphide%20%28MoS2%29" title="molybdenum disulphide (MoS2)">molybdenum disulphide (MoS2)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monolayers" title=" monolayers"> monolayers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20vapour%20deposition%20%28CVD%29" title=" chemical vapour deposition (CVD)"> chemical vapour deposition (CVD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20and%20characterization" title=" growth and characterization"> growth and characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43757/chemical-vapor-deposition-cvd-of-molybdenum-disulphide-mos2-monolayers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1151</span> Assessment of Spatial and Vertical Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Mid Sand Bars of Brahmaputra River in Assam, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Meena">Vijay Meena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arup%20Kumar%20Sarma"> Arup Kumar Sarma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandan%20Mahanta"> Chandan Mahanta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The environment has been getting contaminated by anthropogenic processes including those that discharge heavy metals to air, soil and water. The present work emphasizes the spatial distribution and vertical profile of six heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cr) in three layers of mid sand bars (bed surface layer, 50 cm and 100 cm depth) at 42 sampling stations covering around 600 km stretch of the Brahmaputra River, India. Heavy metal analysis was conducted on the sample collected from mid-sand bars in the river stretch to examine the impact of dredging for various hydrological operations in the future. Sediment quality was assessed by calculating six different indices viz., EF, CF, CD, PLI, Igeo, and PERI. In all sediment layers, heavy metal concentrations have been observed to be the same as listed, Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cr > Cu in μg/g. The average concentration of Cu, Mn, and Fe was found in the middle layer while Zn, Ni, and Cr were in the Surface layer. EF indicates higher enrichment in reach 2 which is likely to be due to anthropogenic sources of industrial and urbanized effluents. The sediment of the mid-sand bar was generally found moderately polluted possessing low risk to aquatic lives and the environment. Suggesting, Dredging can be possible in the future. An examination of correlation matrices, principal components analysis, and cluster analyses indicated that these heavy metals possess similar anthropogenic origins for their enrichment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal%20contamination" title="heavy metal contamination">heavy metal contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropogenic%20impacts" title=" anthropogenic impacts"> anthropogenic impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157865/assessment-of-spatial-and-vertical-distribution-of-heavy-metals-in-the-mid-sand-bars-of-brahmaputra-river-in-assam-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1150</span> Study of Fork Marks on Sapphire Wafers in Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiao%20Pei%20Wen">Qiao Pei Wen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ng%20Seng%20Lee"> Ng Seng Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sae%20Tae%20Veera"> Sae Tae Veera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiu%20Ah%20Fong"> Chiu Ah Fong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loke%20Weng%20Onn"> Loke Weng Onn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thin film thickness uniformity is crucial to get consistent film etch rate and device yield across the wafer. In the capacitive-coupled parallel plate PECVD system; the film thickness uniformity can be affected by many factors such as the heater temperature uniformity, the spacing between top and bottom electrode, RF power, pressure, gas flows and etc. In this paper, we studied how the PECVD SiN film thickness uniformity is affected by the substrate electrical conductivity and the RF power coupling efficiency. PECVD SiN film was deposited on 150-mm sapphire wafers in 200-mm Lam Sequel tool, fork marks were observed on the wafers. On the fork marks area SiN film thickness is thinner than that on the non-fork area. The forks are the wafer handler inside the process chamber to move the wafers from one station to another. The sapphire wafers and the ceramic forks both are insulator. The high resistivity of the sapphire wafers and the forks inhibits the RF power coupling efficiency during PECVD deposition, thereby reducing the deposition rate. Comparing between the high frequency and low frequency RF power (HFRF and LFRF respectively), the LFRF power coupling effect on the sapphire wafers is more dominant than the HFRF power on the film thickness. This paper demonstrated that the SiN thickness uniformity on sapphire wafers can be improved by depositing a thin TiW layer on the wafer before the SiN deposition. The TiW layer can be on the wafer surface, bottom or any layer before SiN deposition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PECVD%20SiN%20deposition" title="PECVD SiN deposition">PECVD SiN deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sapphire%20wafer" title=" sapphire wafer"> sapphire wafer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substrate%20electrical%20conductivity" title=" substrate electrical conductivity"> substrate electrical conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RF%20power%20coupling" title=" RF power coupling"> RF power coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20frequency%20RF%20power" title=" high frequency RF power"> high frequency RF power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20frequency%20RF%20power" title=" low frequency RF power"> low frequency RF power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20deposition%20rate" title=" film deposition rate"> film deposition rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness%20uniformity" title=" thickness uniformity"> thickness uniformity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36353/study-of-fork-marks-on-sapphire-wafers-in-plasma-enhanced-chemical-vapor-deposition-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1149</span> Electrochemical Performance of Carbon Nanotube Based Supercapacitor </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafar%20Khan%20Kasi">Jafar Khan Kasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajab%20Khan%20Kasi"> Ajab Khan Kasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muzamil%20Bokhari"> Muzamil Bokhari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon nanotube is one of the most attractive materials for the potential applications of nanotechnology due to its excellent mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties. In this paper we report a supercapacitor made of nickel foil electrodes, coated with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) thin film using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. Chemical vapor deposition method was used for the growth of MWCNTs and ethanol was used as a hydrocarbon source. High graphitic multiwall carbon nanotube was found at 750 C analyzing by Raman spectroscopy. We observed the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor by cyclic voltammetry. The electrodes of supercapacitor fabricated from MWCNTs exhibit considerably small equivalent series resistance (ESR), and a high specific power density. Electrophoretic deposition is an easy method in fabricating MWCNT electrodes for high performance supercapacitor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube" title="carbon nanotube">carbon nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20vapor%20deposition" title=" chemical vapor deposition"> chemical vapor deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge" title=" charge"> charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20voltammetry" title=" cyclic voltammetry "> cyclic voltammetry </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20355/electrochemical-performance-of-carbon-nanotube-based-supercapacitor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">562</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1148</span> Fabrication of Pure and Doped MAPbI3 Thin Films by One Step Chemical Vapor Deposition Method for Energy Harvesting Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20V.%20N.%20Pammi">S. V. N. Pammi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soon-Gil%20Yoon"> Soon-Gil Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, we report a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for Perovskite MAPbI3 thin films by doping with Br and Cl. We performed a systematic optimization of CVD parameters such as deposition temperature, working pressure and annealing time and temperature to obtain high-quality films of CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray Diffraction pattern showed that the perovskite films have a large grain size when compared to traditional spin coated thin films. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few reports on highly quality perovskite thin films by various doping such as Br and Cl using one step CVD and there is scope for significant improvement in device efficiency. In addition, their band-gap can be conveniently and widely tuned via doping process. This deposition process produces perovskite thin films with large grain size, long diffusion length and high surface coverage. The enhancement of the output power, CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) dye films when compared to spin coated films and enhancement in output power by doping in doped films was demonstrated in detail. The facile one-step method for deposition of perovskite thin films shows a potential candidate for photovoltaic and energy harvesting applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite%20thin%20films" title="perovskite thin films">perovskite thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20vapor%20deposition" title=" chemical vapor deposition"> chemical vapor deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20harvesting" title=" energy harvesting"> energy harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaics" title=" photovoltaics"> photovoltaics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60232/fabrication-of-pure-and-doped-mapbi3-thin-films-by-one-step-chemical-vapor-deposition-method-for-energy-harvesting-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1147</span> Removal of Deposits and Improvement of Shelf Life in CO₂-Rich Mineral Water by Ozone-Microbubbles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Un%20Hwa%20Choe">Un Hwa Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Hyon%20Choe"> Jong Hyon Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Jun%20Kim"> Yong Jun Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to effectively remove Fe2+ by using ozone microbubbles in bottled mineral water to prevent sediment from occurring during storage and increase shelf life. By considering the characteristics of mineral water with low solubility of ozone and high CO2 content, a suitable ozone injection step was chosen and a new mineral water treatment method using microbubbles was proposed. As a result of the treatment of the bottled mineral water with ozone microbubbles, the iron ion concentration was reduced from 0.14 mg/L to 0.01 mg/L, and the shelf life increased to 360 days. During the treatment, the concentrations of K+ and Na+ were almost unchanged, and the deposition time was reduced to one-third compared to the natural oxidation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82-rich%20mineral%20water" title="CO₂-rich mineral water">CO₂-rich mineral water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ozone-micro%20bubble" title=" ozone-micro bubble"> ozone-micro bubble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelf%20life" title=" shelf life"> shelf life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bottled%20mineral%20water" title=" bottled mineral water"> bottled mineral water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178817/removal-of-deposits-and-improvement-of-shelf-life-in-co2-rich-mineral-water-by-ozone-microbubbles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1146</span> Evaluation of the Environmental Risk from the Co-Deposition of Waste Rock Material and Fly Ash</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mavrikos">A. Mavrikos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Petsas"> N. Petsas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kaltsi"> E. Kaltsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Kaliampakos"> D. Kaliampakos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The lignite-fired power plants in the Western Macedonia Lignite Center produce more than 8 106 t of fly ash per year. Approximately 90% of this quantity is used for restoration-reclamation of exhausted open-cast lignite mines and slope stabilization of the overburden. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the environmental behavior of the mixture of waste rock and fly ash that is being used in the external deposition site of the South Field lignite mine. For this reason, a borehole was made within the site and 86 samples were taken and subjected to chemical analyses and leaching tests. The results showed very limited leaching of trace elements and heavy metals from this mixture. Moreover, when compared to the limit values set for waste acceptable in inert waste landfills, only few excesses were observed, indicating only minor risk for groundwater pollution. However, due to the complexity of both the leaching process and the contaminant pathway, more boreholes and analyses should be made in nearby locations and a systematic groundwater monitoring program should be implemented both downstream and within the external deposition site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-deposition" title="co-deposition">co-deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaching%20tests" title=" leaching tests"> leaching tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignite" title=" lignite"> lignite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20rock" title=" waste rock"> waste rock</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9875/evaluation-of-the-environmental-risk-from-the-co-deposition-of-waste-rock-material-and-fly-ash" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition%20of%20sediment&page=3" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition%20of%20sediment&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition%20of%20sediment&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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