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id="toc-1958–1978:_Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1979–1983:_Career_beginnings,_rock_bands,_and_Madonna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1979–1983:_Career_beginnings,_rock_bands,_and_Madonna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 1979–1983: Career beginnings, rock bands, and Madonna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1979–1983:_Career_beginnings,_rock_bands,_and_Madonna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1984–1987:_Like_a_Virgin,_first_marriage,_True_Blue,_and_Who's_That_Girl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1984–1987:_Like_a_Virgin,_first_marriage,_True_Blue,_and_Who's_That_Girl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 1984–1987: Like a Virgin, first marriage, True Blue, and Who's That Girl </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1984–1987:_Like_a_Virgin,_first_marriage,_True_Blue,_and_Who's_That_Girl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1988–1991:_Like_a_Prayer,_Dick_Tracy,_and_Truth_or_Dare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1988–1991:_Like_a_Prayer,_Dick_Tracy,_and_Truth_or_Dare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 1988–1991: Like a Prayer, Dick Tracy, and Truth or Dare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1988–1991:_Like_a_Prayer,_Dick_Tracy,_and_Truth_or_Dare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1992–1997:_Maverick,_Erotica,_Sex,_Bedtime_Stories,_Evita,_and_motherhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1992–1997:_Maverick,_Erotica,_Sex,_Bedtime_Stories,_Evita,_and_motherhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 1992–1997: Maverick, Erotica, Sex, Bedtime Stories, Evita, and motherhood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1992–1997:_Maverick,_Erotica,_Sex,_Bedtime_Stories,_Evita,_and_motherhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1998–2002:_Ray_of_Light,_Music,_second_marriage,_and_touring_comeback" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1998–2002:_Ray_of_Light,_Music,_second_marriage,_and_touring_comeback"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 1998–2002: Ray of Light, Music, second marriage, and touring comeback </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1998–2002:_Ray_of_Light,_Music,_second_marriage,_and_touring_comeback-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2003–2006:_American_Life_and_Confessions_on_a_Dance_Floor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2003–2006:_American_Life_and_Confessions_on_a_Dance_Floor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 2003–2006: American Life and Confessions on a Dance Floor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003–2006:_American_Life_and_Confessions_on_a_Dance_Floor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007–2011:_Filmmaking,_Hard_Candy,_and_business_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007–2011:_Filmmaking,_Hard_Candy,_and_business_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 2007–2011: Filmmaking, Hard Candy, and business ventures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007–2011:_Filmmaking,_Hard_Candy,_and_business_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012–2016:_Super_Bowl_XLVI_halftime_show,_MDNA,_and_Rebel_Heart" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012–2016:_Super_Bowl_XLVI_halftime_show,_MDNA,_and_Rebel_Heart"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 2012–2016: Super Bowl XLVI halftime show, MDNA, and Rebel Heart </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012–2016:_Super_Bowl_XLVI_halftime_show,_MDNA,_and_Rebel_Heart-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017–2021:_Move_to_Lisbon_and_Madame_X" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017–2021:_Move_to_Lisbon_and_Madame_X"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 2017–2021: Move to Lisbon and Madame X </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017–2021:_Move_to_Lisbon_and_Madame_X-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022–present:_Finally_Enough_Love_and_the_Celebration_Tour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022–present:_Finally_Enough_Love_and_the_Celebration_Tour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.11 2022–present: Finally Enough Love and the Celebration Tour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022–present:_Finally_Enough_Love_and_the_Celebration_Tour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Artistry </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Artistry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Artistry subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Artistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Influences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_style_and_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_style_and_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Musical style and composition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_style_and_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voice_and_instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voice_and_instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Voice and instruments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voice_and_instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_videos_and_performances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_videos_and_performances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Music videos and performances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_videos_and_performances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Awards and achievements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Discography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Tours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enterprises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enterprises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Enterprises </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enterprises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Book_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Book_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Book sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Book_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Madonna</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 150 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-150" aria-hidden="true" > 150 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(K%C3%BCnstlerin)" title="Madonna (Künstlerin) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Madonna (Künstlerin)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мадонна – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Мадонна" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_(%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="مادونا (مغنية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مادونا (مغنية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%87%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Мадонна (кочӀохъан) – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Мадонна (кочӀохъан)" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="مدونا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مدونا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="ম্যাডোনা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাডোনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Мадонна (спявачка) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мадонна (спявачка)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Мадонна (сьпявачка) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мадонна (сьпявачка)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Мадона (певица) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мадона (певица)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(kanerez)" title="Madonna (kanerez) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Madonna (kanerez)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(artista)" title="Madonna (artista) – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Madonna (artista)" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(adlonwraig)" title="Madonna (adlonwraig) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Madonna (adlonwraig)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" title="Madonna (entertainer) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Madonna (entertainer)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(K%C3%BCnstlerin)" title="Madonna (Künstlerin) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Madonna (Künstlerin)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80)" title="म्याडोना (मनोरञ्जनकर्मी) – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="म्याडोना (मनोरञ्जनकर्मी)" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(laulja)" title="Madonna (laulja) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Madonna (laulja)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Μαντόνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαντόνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(cant%C3%A0nta)" title="Madonna (cantànta) – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Madonna (cantànta)" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(abeslaria)" title="Madonna (abeslaria) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Madonna (abeslaria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="مدونا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدونا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E7%95%B6%E5%A8%9C" title="瑪當娜 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="瑪當娜" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌼𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌽𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌽𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%8F%88%EB%82%98" title="마돈나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마돈나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Մադոննա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մադոննա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE)" title="मैडोना (मनोरंजनकर्ता) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैडोना (मनोरंजनकर्ता)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_Louise_Ciccone" title="Madonna Louise Ciccone – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Madonna Louise Ciccone" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(artista)" title="Madonna (artista) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Madonna (artista)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(cantante)" title="Madonna (cantante) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Madonna (cantante)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="מדונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A6%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="მადონა (მომღერალი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მადონა (მომღერალი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="میڈونا – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="میڈونا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(spi%C3%A9w%C3%B4rka)" title="Madonna (spiéwôrka) – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Madonna (spiéwôrka)" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96)" title="Мадонна (әнші) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мадонна (әнші)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(mwanamuziki)" title="Madonna (mwanamuziki) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Madonna (mwanamuziki)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C)" title="Мадонна (сьылысь) – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Мадонна (сьылысь)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8B)" title="Мадонна (ырчы) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мадонна (ырчы)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B)" title="Мадонна (мырызы) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мадонна (мырызы)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(cantrix)" title="Madonna (cantrix) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Madonna (cantrix)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(m%C5%ABzi%C4%B7e)" title="Madonna (mūziķe) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Madonna (mūziķe)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(S%C3%A4ngerin)" title="Madonna (Sängerin) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Madonna (Sängerin)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/madonna" title="madonna – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="madonna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(%C3%A9nekesn%C5%91)" title="Madonna (énekesnő) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Madonna (énekesnő)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Мадона (пејачка) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мадона (пејачка)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3_(%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95)" title="മഡോണ (ഗായിക) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മഡോണ (ഗായിക)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(kantanta)" title="Madonna (kantanta) – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Madonna (kantanta)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="मॅडोना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॅडोना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="მადონა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მადონა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="مادونا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مادونا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Мадонна (дуучин) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мадонна (дуучин)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="မက်ဒေါနား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက်ဒေါနား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(zangeres)" title="Madonna (zangeres) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Madonna (zangeres)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(zangeres)" title="Madonna (zangeres) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Madonna (zangeres)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80)" title="म्याडोना (मनोरञ्जनकर्मी) – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="म्याडोना (मनोरञ्जनकर्मी)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8A_(%E6%AD%8C%E6%89%8B)" title="マドンナ (歌手) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マドンナ (歌手)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(artist)" title="Madonna (artist) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Madonna (artist)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisten_Madonna" title="Artisten Madonna – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Artisten Madonna" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BE)" title="Мадонна (мурызо) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мадонна (мурызо)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE_(%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE)" title="ਮੇਡੋਨਾ (ਗਾਇਕਾ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੇਡੋਨਾ (ਗਾਇਕਾ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C)" title="Мадонна (сьылісь) – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Мадонна (сьылісь)" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(piosenkarka)" title="Madonna (piosenkarka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Madonna (piosenkarka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Мадонна (певица) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мадонна (певица)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Мадонна (артистка) – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мадонна (артистка)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_Louise_Ciccone" title="Madonna Louise Ciccone – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Madonna Louise Ciccone" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(cantanti)" title="Madonna (cantanti) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Madonna (cantanti)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F_(%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="මැඩෝනා (ගායිකාව) – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මැඩෝනා (ගායිකාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_(%DA%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%BB%D9%8A)" title="ميڊونا (ڳائڻي) – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ميڊونا (ڳائڻي)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(pjosynkarka)" title="Madonna (pjosynkarka) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Madonna (pjosynkarka)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7_(%DA%AF%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8E%DA%98)" title="مادۆنا (گۆرانیبێژ) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مادۆنا (گۆرانیبێژ)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мадона – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мадона" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(artist)" title="Madonna (artist) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Madonna (artist)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="மடோனா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மடோனா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE" title="మడోన్నా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మడోన్నా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="มาดอนนา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาดอนนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мадонна – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мадонна" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%B9%E1%8F%99%E1%8E%BE" title="ᎹᏙᎾ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎹᏙᎾ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(cantante)" title="Madonna (cantante) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Madonna (cantante)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Madonna" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa 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For the religious figure, see <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Madonna (disambiguation)">Madonna (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Queen of Pop" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Pop_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Queen of Pop (disambiguation)">Queen of Pop (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Madonna</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:MadonnaO2171023_(97_of_133)_(53269593787)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Madonna standing in front of a microphone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/MadonnaO2171023_%2897_of_133%29_%2853269593787%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-MadonnaO2171023_%2897_of_133%29_%2853269593787%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/MadonnaO2171023_%2897_of_133%29_%2853269593787%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-MadonnaO2171023_%2897_of_133%29_%2853269593787%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/MadonnaO2171023_%2897_of_133%29_%2853269593787%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-MadonnaO2171023_%2897_of_133%29_%2853269593787%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2400" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Madonna in October 2023</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Madonna Louise Ciccone</div> (1958-08-16) August 16, 1958 (age 66) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Michigan" title="Bay City, Michigan">Bay City, Michigan</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Singer</li><li>songwriter</li><li>actress</li><li>dancer</li><li>record producer</li><li>director</li><li>author</li><li>businesswoman</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1979–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_albums_discography" title="Madonna albums discography">Albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Madonna" title="List of songs recorded by Madonna">songs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_singles_discography" title="Madonna singles discography">singles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unreleased_songs_recorded_by_Madonna" title="List of unreleased songs recorded by Madonna">unreleased</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_videography" title="Madonna videography">videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Madonna_concerts" title="List of Madonna concerts">concerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_filmography" title="Madonna filmography">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_bibliography" title="Madonna bibliography">books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands" title="Madonna fashion brands">fashion brands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1985; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1989)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Ritchie" title="Guy Ritchie">Guy Ritchie</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2000; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2008)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data">Carlos Leon (1995–1997)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">6, including <a href="/wiki/Lourdes_Leon" title="Lourdes Leon">Lourdes Leon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ciccone" title="Christopher Ciccone">Christopher Ciccone</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Madonna" title="List of awards and nominations received by Madonna">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Musical career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">electronica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Vocals</li><li>guitar</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Records" title="Warner Records">Warner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sire_Records" title="Sire Records">Sire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maverick_(company)" title="Maverick (company)">Maverick</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Interscope_Records" title="Interscope Records">Interscope</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Club_(band)" title="Breakfast Club (band)">Breakfast Club</a></li><li>Emmy & The Emmys</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://madonna.com">madonna.com</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna%27s_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Madonna%27s_signature.svg/150px-Madonna%27s_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Madonna%27s_signature.svg/225px-Madonna%27s_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Madonna%27s_signature.svg/300px-Madonna%27s_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="330" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Madonna Louise Ciccone<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/tʃɪˈkoʊni/</a>; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Regarded as the "Queen of Pop",<a href="#cite_note-:4-3">[2]</a> she has been recognized for her continual reinvention and versatility in music production, songwriting and visual presentation. Madonna's works, which incorporate social, political, <a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_sexuality" title="Madonna and sexuality">sexual</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_religion" title="Madonna and religion">religious</a> themes, have generated both controversy and critical acclaim. A <a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Madonna" title="Cultural impact of Madonna">cultural icon</a> spanning both the 20th and 21st centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> called her one of the most "well-documented figures of the modern age" in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-RockHall-4">[3]</a> Various <a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_publishing_works_on_Madonna" title="List of academic publishing works on Madonna">scholarly</a> reviews, <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_works_on_Madonna" title="Bibliography of works on Madonna">literature</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_contemporary_arts" title="Madonna and contemporary arts">art</a> works have been created about her along with an academic mini subdiscipline devoted to her called <a href="/wiki/Madonna_studies" title="Madonna studies">Madonna studies</a>. Madonna moved to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> in 1978 to pursue a career in dance. After performing as a drummer, guitarist, and vocalist in the rock bands <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Club_(band)" title="Breakfast Club (band)">Breakfast Club</a> and Emmy & The Emmys, she rose to solo stardom with <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(album)" title="Madonna (album)">her 1983 eponymous debut studio album</a>. Madonna followed it with a series of successful <a href="/wiki/Madonna_albums_discography" title="Madonna albums discography">albums</a>, including <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">all-time bestsellers</a> <a href="/wiki/Like_a_Virgin_(album)" title="Like a Virgin (album)">Like a Virgin</a> (1984), <a href="/wiki/True_Blue_(Madonna_album)" title="True Blue (Madonna album)">True Blue</a> (1986), and <a href="/wiki/The_Immaculate_Collection" title="The Immaculate Collection">The Immaculate Collection</a> (1990), the critically acclaimed <a href="/wiki/Like_a_Prayer_(album)" title="Like a Prayer (album)">Like a Prayer</a> (1989), as well as <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> winners <a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light" title="Ray of Light">Ray of Light</a> (1998) and <a href="/wiki/Confessions_on_a_Dance_Floor" title="Confessions on a Dance Floor">Confessions on a Dance Floor</a> (2005). She has amassed a <a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Madonna" title="List of songs recorded by Madonna">catalog</a> of various high-charting songs, including "<a href="/wiki/Holiday_(Madonna_song)" title="Holiday (Madonna song)">Holiday</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Like_a_Virgin_(song)" title="Like a Virgin (song)">Like a Virgin</a>", "<a href="/wiki/La_Isla_Bonita" title="La Isla Bonita">La Isla Bonita</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Like_a_Prayer_(song)" title="Like a Prayer (song)">Like a Prayer</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Vogue_(Madonna_song)" title="Vogue (Madonna song)">Vogue</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Take_a_Bow_(Madonna_song)" title="Take a Bow (Madonna song)">Take a Bow</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Frozen_(Madonna_song)" title="Frozen (Madonna song)">Frozen</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Music_(Madonna_song)" title="Music (Madonna song)">Music</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Hung_Up" title="Hung Up">Hung Up</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/4_Minutes" title="4 Minutes">4 Minutes</a>". Madonna's popularity was enhanced by <a href="/wiki/Madonna_filmography" title="Madonna filmography">roles in films</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Desperately_Seeking_Susan" title="Desperately Seeking Susan">Desperately Seeking Susan</a> (1985), <a href="/wiki/Dick_Tracy_(1990_film)" title="Dick Tracy (1990 film)">Dick Tracy</a> (1990), <a href="/wiki/A_League_of_Their_Own" title="A League of Their Own">A League of Their Own</a> (1992) and <a href="/wiki/Evita_(1996_film)" title="Evita (1996 film)">Evita</a> (1996). While the lattermost won her a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Comedy_or_Musical" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical">Golden Globe Award for Best Actress</a>, many of her other films were not as well received. As a <a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_business" title="Madonna and business">businesswoman</a>, she founded the company <a href="/wiki/Maverick_(company)" title="Maverick (company)">Maverick</a> in 1992, which included Maverick Records, one of the most successful <a href="/wiki/Vanity_label" title="Vanity label">artist-run labels</a> in history. Madonna's other ventures include <a href="/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands" title="Madonna fashion brands">fashion brands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madonna_bibliography" title="Madonna bibliography">written works</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hard_Candy_Fitness" title="Hard Candy Fitness">health clubs</a> and filmmaking. She contributes to <a href="/wiki/Philanthropy_and_activism_of_Madonna" title="Philanthropy and activism of Madonna">various charities</a>, having founded the <a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light_Foundation" title="Ray of Light Foundation">Ray of Light Foundation</a> in 1998 and <a href="/wiki/Raising_Malawi" title="Raising Malawi">Raising Malawi</a> in 2006, and advocates for <a href="/wiki/Feminism_of_Madonna" title="Feminism of Madonna">gender equality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madonna_as_a_gay_icon" title="Madonna as a gay icon">LGBT rights</a>. With sales of over 300 million records worldwide, Madonna is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">best-selling female recording artist of all time</a>. She is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Billboard_Hot_100_chart_achievements_and_milestones#Top_10_artists_of_all_time_(1958–2021)" title="List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones">most successful solo artist</a> in the history of the US <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a> chart and has achieved <a href="/wiki/Madonna_singles_discography" title="Madonna singles discography">44 number-one singles</a> in between <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_recorded_music_markets#Statistics" title="List of largest recorded music markets">major global music markets</a>. She became the first ever woman to accumulate <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists" title="List of highest-grossing live music artists">US$1 billion in concert revenue</a>, with six of her <a href="/wiki/List_of_Madonna_concerts" title="List of Madonna concerts">solo headlining tours</a> having grossed over US$100 million each. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> has named her the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_world%27s_highest-paid_musicians#Female" title="Forbes list of the world's highest-paid musicians">world's highest-paid female musician</a> a record 11 times across four separate decades (1980s–2010s). Madonna was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2008, her first year of eligibility. She was ranked as the <a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_(TV_series)" title="The Greatest (TV series)">greatest woman in music</a> by <a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a>, and as the greatest <a href="/wiki/Madonna_videography" title="Madonna videography">music video</a> artist ever by <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>. She was also listed among <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_100_Greatest_Artists_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time">greatest artists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_100_Greatest_Songwriters_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time">greatest songwriters</a> of all time. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1958–1978:_Early_life">1958–1978: Early life</h3></div> Madonna Louise Ciccone<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeonardD'Acierno1998492-5">[4]</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Michigan" title="Bay City, Michigan">Bay City, Michigan</a> on August 16, 1958, to Catholic parents Madonna Louise (née Fortin) and Silvio Anthony "Tony" Ciccone.<a href="#cite_note-mom-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-allmusicbio-7">[6]</a> Her father's parents were Italian emigrants from <a href="/wiki/Pacentro" title="Pacentro">Pacentro</a> while her mother was of <a href="/wiki/French-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French-Canadian">French-Canadian</a> descent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaraborrelli200210-8">[7]</a> Tony Ciccone worked as an optics engineer for <a href="/wiki/Chrysler#Chrysler_Defense" title="Chrysler">Chrysler Defense</a> and its successor, <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_Land_Systems" title="General Dynamics Land Systems">General Dynamics Land Systems</a>, on military projects. Since Madonna had the same name as her mother, family members called her "Little Nonnie".<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Her mother died of breast cancer on December 1, 1963. She was raised in the Detroit suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a> and Avon Township (now <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" title="Rochester Hills, Michigan">Rochester Hills</a>), alongside her two older brothers—Anthony (1956–2023) and Martin (born 1957)<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a>—and three younger siblings—Paula (born 1959), <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ciccone" title="Christopher Ciccone">Christopher</a> (1960–2024), and Melanie (born 1962).<a href="#cite_note-thechild-11">[10]</a> Madonna adopted Veronica as a confirmation name when getting confirmed in the Catholic Church in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-:4-3">[2]</a> In 1966, Tony married the family's housekeeper Joan Gustafson; they remained married for 58 years until Joan's death in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> They had two children, Jennifer (born 1967) and Mario (born 1968).<a href="#cite_note-thechild-11">[10]</a> Madonna attended St. Frederick's and St. Andrew's Catholic Elementary Schools, and West Middle School. She was known for her high <a href="/wiki/Grade_point_average" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade point average">grade point average</a> (GPA) and achieved notoriety for her unconventional behavior. Madonna would perform <a href="/wiki/Cartwheel_(gymnastics)" title="Cartwheel (gymnastics)">cartwheels</a> and handstands in the hallways between classes, dangle by her knees from the <a href="/wiki/Jungle_gym" title="Jungle gym">monkey bars</a> during recess, and pull up her skirt during class—all so that the boys could see her underwear.<a href="#cite_note-tarabio-13">[12]</a> She later admitted to seeing herself in her youth as a "lonely girl who was searching for something. I wasn't rebellious in a certain way. I cared about being good at something. I didn't shave my underarms or legs, and I didn't wear make-up like normal girls do. But I studied and I got good grades... I wanted to be somebody."<a href="#cite_note-mom-6">[5]</a> Madonna's father put her in classical piano lessons, but she later convinced him to allow her to take ballet lessons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECross200710-14">[13]</a> Christopher Flynn, her ballet teacher, persuaded her to pursue a career in dance.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Madonna later attended <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Adams_High_School" title="Rochester Adams High School">Rochester Adams High School</a> and became a straight-A student as well as a member of its cheerleading squad.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> After graduating in January 1976, she received a dance scholarship to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> and studied over the summer at the <a href="/wiki/American_Dance_Festival" title="American Dance Festival">American Dance Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-charlotteobserver-19">[18]</a> In 1978, Madonna dropped out of college and relocated to New York City.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> She said of her move to New York, "It was the first time I'd ever taken a plane, the first time I'd ever gotten a taxi cab. I came here with $35 in my pocket. It was the bravest thing I'd ever done."<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> Madonna soon found an apartment in the <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_City,_Manhattan" title="Alphabet City, Manhattan">Alphabet City</a> neighborhood of the <a href="/wiki/East_Village,_Manhattan" title="East Village, Manhattan">East Village</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> and had little money while working as a hatcheck girl for the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Tea_Room" title="Russian Tea Room">Russian Tea Room</a>, an elevator operator at <a href="/wiki/Terrace_on_the_Park" title="Terrace on the Park">Terrace on the Park</a>, and with <a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">modern dance</a> troupes, taking classes at the <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey_American_Dance_Theater" title="Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater">Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater</a>, and eventually performing with <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Lang" title="Pearl Lang">Pearl Lang</a> Dance Theater.<a href="#cite_note-:0-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-charlotteobserver-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> She also studied dance under the tutelage of the noted American dancer and choreographer <a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> Madonna started to work as a backup dancer for other established artists. One night, while returning from a rehearsal, a pair of men held her at knifepoint and forced her to perform <a href="/wiki/Fellatio" title="Fellatio">fellatio</a>. She later found the incident to be "a taste of my weakness, it showed me that I still could not save myself in spite of all the strong-girl show. I could never forget it."<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1979–1983:_Career_beginnings,_rock_bands,_and_Madonna">1979–1983: Career beginnings, rock bands, and Madonna</h3></div> In 1979, Madonna became romantically involved with musician <a href="/wiki/Dan_Gilroy_(musician)" title="Dan Gilroy (musician)">Dan Gilroy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-27">[26]</a> Shortly after meeting him, she successfully auditioned to perform in Paris with French disco artist <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hernandez" title="Patrick Hernandez">Patrick Hernandez</a> as his backup singer and dancer.<a href="#cite_note-:0-23">[22]</a> During her three months with Hernandez's troupe, she also traveled to Tunisia before returning to New York in August 1979.<a href="#cite_note-:1-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> Madonna moved into an abandoned synagogue where Gilroy lived and rehearsed in <a href="/wiki/Corona,_Queens" title="Corona, Queens">Corona, Queens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-tarabio-13">[12]</a> Together they formed her first band, the <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Club_(band)" title="Breakfast Club (band)">Breakfast Club</a>, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200147-29">[28]</a> While with the band, Madonna briefly worked as a hat-check girl at the Russian Tea Room, and she made her acting debut in the low-budget indie film <a href="/wiki/A_Certain_Sacrifice" title="A Certain Sacrifice">A Certain Sacrifice</a>, which was not released until 1985.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> In 1980, Madonna left the Breakfast Club with drummer <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bray" title="Stephen Bray">Stephen Bray</a>, who was her boyfriend in Michigan, and they formed the band Emmy and the Emmys.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> They rekindled their romance and moved into <a href="/wiki/The_Music_Building" title="The Music Building">the Music Building</a> in Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-:0-23">[22]</a> The two began writing songs together and they recorded a four-song demo tape in November 1980, but soon after, Madonna decided to promote herself as a solo artiste.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-23">[22]</a> In March 1981, Camille Barbone, who ran Gotham Records in the Music Building, signed Madonna to a contract with Gotham and worked as her manager until February 1982.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200194-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2001105-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> Madonna frequented nightclubs to get disc jockeys to play her demo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECross200725-37">[36]</a> DJ <a href="/wiki/Mark_Kamins" title="Mark Kamins">Mark Kamins</a> at <a href="/wiki/Danceteria" title="Danceteria">Danceteria</a> took an interest in her music and they began dating.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Kamins arranged a meeting with Madonna and <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Stein" title="Seymour Stein">Seymour Stein</a>, the president of <a href="/wiki/Sire_Records" title="Sire Records">Sire Records</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Warner_Records" title="Warner Records">Warner Bros. Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECross200725-37">[36]</a> Madonna signed a deal for a total of three singles, with an option for an album.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Kamins produced her debut single, "<a href="/wiki/Everybody_(Madonna_song)" title="Everybody (Madonna song)">Everybody</a>", which was released in October 1982.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECross200725-37">[36]</a> In December 1982, Madonna performed the song live for the first time at Danceteria.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2001211-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> She made her first television appearance performing "Everybody" on <a href="/wiki/Dancin%27_On_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Dancin' On Air">Dancin' On Air</a> in January 1983, although it had actually been filmed a month prior.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> In February 1983, she promoted the single with nightclub performances in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2001118-43">[42]</a> Her second single, the double A-side "<a href="/wiki/Burning_Up_(Madonna_song)" title="Burning Up (Madonna song)">Burning Up</a>" / "<a href="/wiki/Physical_Attraction_(song)" title="Physical Attraction (song)">Physical Attraction</a>", was released in March 1983. Both this single and "Everybody" reached number three on <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> magazine's <a href="/wiki/Hot_Dance_Club_Songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot Dance Club Songs">Hot Dance Club Songs</a> chart.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> "Burning Up" / "Physical Attraction" also charted at number 13 in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-kent-45">[44]</a> During this period, Madonna was in a relationship with artist <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Basquiat" title="Jean-Michel Basquiat">Jean-Michel Basquiat</a> and living at his loft in <a href="/wiki/SoHo,_Manhattan" title="SoHo, Manhattan">SoHo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Basquiat introduced her to art curator <a href="/wiki/Diego_Cortez" title="Diego Cortez">Diego Cortez</a>, who had managed some <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk</a> bands and co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Mudd_Club" title="Mudd Club">Mudd Club</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-48">[47]</a> Madonna invited Cortez to be her manager, but he declined.<a href="#cite_note-:2-48">[47]</a> Following the success of the singles, Warner hired <a href="/wiki/Reggie_Lucas" title="Reggie Lucas">Reggie Lucas</a> to produce her debut album, <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(album)" title="Madonna (album)">Madonna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> However, Madonna was dissatisfied with the completed tracks and disagreed with Lucas' production techniques, so she decided to seek additional help.<a href="#cite_note-tara1-50">[49]</a> She asked <a href="/wiki/John_Benitez" title="John Benitez">John "Jellybean" Benitez</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Resident_DJ" title="Resident DJ">resident DJ</a> at Fun House, to help finish the album's production and a romance ensued.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> Benitez remixed most of the tracks and produced "<a href="/wiki/Holiday_(Madonna_song)" title="Holiday (Madonna song)">Holiday</a>", which was her first international top-ten song. The album was released in July 1983, and peaked at number eight on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a>. It yielded two top-ten singles on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Borderline_(Madonna_song)" title="Borderline (Madonna song)">Borderline</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Lucky_Star_(Madonna_song)" title="Lucky Star (Madonna song)">Lucky Star</a>".<a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a> In late 1983, Madonna's new manager, <a href="/wiki/Freddy_DeMann" title="Freddy DeMann">Freddy DeMann</a>, secured a meeting for her with film producer <a href="/wiki/Jon_Peters" title="Jon Peters">Jon Peters</a>, who asked her to play the part of a club singer in the romantic drama <a href="/wiki/Vision_Quest_(film)" title="Vision Quest (film)">Vision Quest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2001121-53">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1984–1987:_Like_a_Virgin,_first_marriage,_True_Blue,_and_Who's_That_Girl">1984–1987: Like a Virgin, first marriage, True Blue, and Who's That Girl</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_-_Tampa_Bay_Times_(1985).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Madonna_-_Tampa_Bay_Times_%281985%29.jpg/170px-Madonna_-_Tampa_Bay_Times_%281985%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Madonna_-_Tampa_Bay_Times_%281985%29.jpg/255px-Madonna_-_Tampa_Bay_Times_%281985%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Madonna_-_Tampa_Bay_Times_%281985%29.jpg/340px-Madonna_-_Tampa_Bay_Times_%281985%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1743" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Madonna performing during the 1985 <a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_Tour" title="The Virgin Tour">The Virgin Tour</a></figcaption></figure> In January 1984, Madonna gained more exposure by performing on <a href="/wiki/American_Bandstand" title="American Bandstand">American Bandstand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops" title="Top of the Pops">Top of the Pops</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-TOTP_26Jan1984-56">[55]</a> Her image, performances and music videos influenced many young girls and women.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Madonna's style became one of the female <a href="/wiki/1980s_in_fashion" title="1980s in fashion">fashion trends of the 1980s</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Created by stylist and jewelry designer <a href="/wiki/Maripol" title="Maripol">Maripol</a>, the look consisted of lace tops, skirts over <a href="/wiki/Capri_pants" title="Capri pants">capri pants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishnet" title="Fishnet">fishnet</a> stockings, jewelry bearing the <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a>, bracelets and bleached hair.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> Madonna's popularity continued to rise globally with the release of her second studio album, <a href="/wiki/Like_a_Virgin_(album)" title="Like a Virgin (album)">Like a Virgin</a>, in November 1984. It became her first number-one album in Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, the UK and the US.<a href="#cite_note-bbalbums-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> Like a Virgin became the first album by a female to sell over five million copies in the US.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> It was later <a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">certified diamond</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a> (RIAA), and has sold over 21 million copies worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> The album's <a href="/wiki/Like_a_Virgin_(song)" title="Like a Virgin (song)">title track</a> served as its first single, and topped the Hot 100 chart for six consecutive weeks.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> It attracted the attention of conservative organizations who complained that the song and its accompanying video promoted premarital sex and undermined family values,<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> and moralists sought to have the song and video banned.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Madonna received huge media coverage for her performance of "Like a Virgin" at the first <a href="/wiki/1984_MTV_Video_Music_Awards" title="1984 MTV Video Music Awards">1984 MTV Video Music Awards</a>. Wearing a wedding dress and white gloves, Madonna appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake and then rolled around suggestively on the floor. MTV retrospectively considered it one of the "most iconic" pop performances of all time.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> The second single, "<a href="/wiki/Material_Girl" title="Material Girl">Material Girl</a>", reached number two on the Hot 100.<a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a> While filming the single's music video, Madonna started dating actor <a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a>. They married on her birthday in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-secretlife-70">[69]</a> Madonna entered mainstream films in February 1985, beginning with her cameo in Vision Quest. The soundtrack contained two new singles, her US number-one single, "<a href="/wiki/Crazy_for_You_(Madonna_song)" title="Crazy for You (Madonna song)">Crazy for You</a>", and another track "<a href="/wiki/Gambler_(song)" title="Gambler (song)">Gambler</a>".<a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a> She also played the title role in the 1985 comedy <a href="/wiki/Desperately_Seeking_Susan" title="Desperately Seeking Susan">Desperately Seeking Susan</a>, a film which introduced the song "<a href="/wiki/Into_the_Groove" title="Into the Groove">Into the Groove</a>", her first number-one single in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-71">[70]</a> Her popularity caused the film to be perceived as a Madonna vehicle, despite how she was not billed as a <a href="/wiki/Lead_actress" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead actress">lead actress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AmericanF-72">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> film critic <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Vincent Canby</a> named it one of the ten best films of 1985.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_in_concert_wearing_fishnets_1987_colorized_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A blond woman onstage with curly hair holding a microphone, wearing a black dress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Madonna_in_concert_wearing_fishnets_1987_colorized_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Madonna_in_concert_wearing_fishnets_1987_colorized_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Madonna_in_concert_wearing_fishnets_1987_colorized_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Madonna_in_concert_wearing_fishnets_1987_colorized_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Madonna_in_concert_wearing_fishnets_1987_colorized_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Madonna_in_concert_wearing_fishnets_1987_colorized_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Madonna performing during the 1987 <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_World_Tour" title="Who's That Girl World Tour">Who's That Girl World Tour</a></figcaption></figure> Beginning in April 1985, Madonna embarked on her first concert tour in North America, <a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_Tour" title="The Virgin Tour">the Virgin Tour</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Beastie_Boys" title="Beastie Boys">Beastie Boys</a> as her opening act. The tour saw the peak of <a href="/wiki/Madonna_wannabe" title="Madonna wannabe">Madonna wannabe</a> phenomenon, with many female attendees dressing like her.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> At that time, she released two more songs, "<a href="/wiki/Angel_(Madonna_song)" title="Angel (Madonna song)">Angel</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Dress_You_Up" title="Dress You Up">Dress You Up</a>", making all four singles from the album peak inside the top five on the Hot 100 chart.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> "Angel" also topped the Australian charts.<a href="#cite_note-kent-45">[44]</a> In July, <a href="/wiki/Penthouse_(magazine)" title="Penthouse (magazine)">Penthouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a> magazines published a number of nude photos of Madonna, taken when she moonlighted as an <a href="/wiki/Model_(art)" title="Model (art)">art model</a> in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> She had posed for the photographs because she needed money at the time, and was paid as little as $25 a session.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2001135-77">[76]</a> The publication of the photos caused a media uproar, but Madonna remained "unapologetic and defiant".<a href="#cite_note-musicobio-78">[77]</a> The photographs were ultimately sold for up to $100,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2001135-77">[76]</a> She referred to these events at the 1985 outdoor <a href="/wiki/Live_Aid" title="Live Aid">Live Aid</a> charity concert, saying that she would not take her jacket off because "[the media] might hold it against me ten years from now."<a href="#cite_note-musicobio-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> In June 1986, Madonna released her third studio album, <a href="/wiki/True_Blue_(Madonna_album)" title="True Blue (Madonna album)">True Blue</a>, which was inspired by and dedicated to her husband Penn.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> was impressed with the effort, writing that the album "sound[s] as if it comes from the heart".<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> Five singles were released—"<a href="/wiki/Live_to_Tell" title="Live to Tell">Live to Tell</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Papa_Don%27t_Preach" title="Papa Don't Preach">Papa Don't Preach</a>", "<a href="/wiki/True_Blue_(Madonna_song)" title="True Blue (Madonna song)">True Blue</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Open_Your_Heart_(Madonna_song)" title="Open Your Heart (Madonna song)">Open Your Heart</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/La_Isla_Bonita" title="La Isla Bonita">La Isla Bonita</a>"—all of which reached number one in the US or the UK.<a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-UKchart-82">[81]</a> The album topped the charts in 28 countries worldwide, an unprecedented achievement at the time, and remains Madonna's bestselling studio album, with sales of 25 million copies.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> True Blue was featured in the 1992 edition of <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> as the bestselling album by a woman of all time.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> Madonna starred in the critically panned film <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Surprise" title="Shanghai Surprise">Shanghai Surprise</a> in 1986, for which she received her first <a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Raspberry Award">Golden Raspberry Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actress" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress">Worst Actress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> She made her theatrical debut in a production of <a href="/wiki/David_Rabe" title="David Rabe">David Rabe</a>'s Goose and Tom-Tom; the film and play both co-starred Penn.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> The next year, Madonna was featured in the film <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_(1987_film)" title="Who's That Girl (1987 film)">Who's That Girl</a>. She contributed four songs to its soundtrack, including the <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_(Madonna_song)" title="Who's That Girl (Madonna song)">title track</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Causing_a_Commotion" title="Causing a Commotion">Causing a Commotion</a>".<a href="#cite_note-bbsingles-88">[87]</a> Madonna embarked on the <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_World_Tour" title="Who's That Girl World Tour">Who's That Girl World Tour</a> in June 1987, which continued until September.<a href="#cite_note-showstealer-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Voller_1999_29-90">[89]</a> It broke several attendance records, including over 130,000 people in a show near Paris, which was then a record for <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-attended_concerts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest-attended concerts">the highest-attended female concert of all time</a>.<a href="#cite_note-paris1987-91">[90]</a> Later that year, she released a remix album of past hits, <a href="/wiki/You_Can_Dance" title="You Can Dance">You Can Dance</a>, which reached number 14 on the Billboard 200.<a href="#cite_note-bbalbums-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> After a tumultuous two years' marriage, Madonna filed for divorce from Penn on December 4, 1987, but withdrew the petition a few weeks later.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1988–1991:_Like_a_Prayer,_Dick_Tracy,_and_Truth_or_Dare">1988–1991: Like a Prayer, Dick Tracy, and Truth or Dare</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A blond woman onstage with curly hair, and wearing a white corset and black pants. The background is black and smoky." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg/170px-ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg/255px-ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg/340px-ExpressYourselfUnderGround_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>Madonna performing at the 1990 <a href="/wiki/Blond_Ambition_World_Tour" title="Blond Ambition World Tour">Blond Ambition World Tour</a></figcaption></figure> She made her <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> debut in the production of <a href="/wiki/Speed-the-Plow" title="Speed-the-Plow">Speed-the-Plow</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Royale_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Royale Theatre">Royale Theatre</a> from May to August 1988.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>, Madonna filed an assault report against Penn after an alleged incident at their Malibu home during the New Year's weekend.<a href="#cite_note-:3-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> Madonna filed for divorce on January 5, 1989, and the following week she reportedly asked that no criminal charges be pressed.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-97">[96]</a> In January 1989, Madonna signed an endorsement deal with soft-drink manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Pepsi" title="Pepsi">Pepsi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> In one Pepsi commercial, she debuted "<a href="/wiki/Like_a_Prayer_(song)" title="Like a Prayer (song)">Like a Prayer</a>", the lead single and title track from her <a href="/wiki/Like_a_Prayer_(album)" title="Like a Prayer (album)">fourth studio album</a>. The music video featured <a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Catholic symbols</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Stigmata" title="Stigmata">stigmata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cross_burning" title="Cross burning">cross burning</a>, and a dream of making love to a saint, leading the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a> to condemn the video. Religious groups sought to ban the commercial and boycott Pepsi products. Pepsi revoked the commercial and canceled her sponsorship contract.<a href="#cite_note-foxbio-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> "Like a Prayer" topped the charts in many countries, becoming her seventh number-one on the Hot 100.<a href="#cite_note-bbsingles-88">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a> Madonna co-wrote and co-produced the album Like a Prayer with <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leonard" title="Patrick Leonard">Patrick Leonard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bray" title="Stephen Bray">Stephen Bray</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> Music critic <a href="/wiki/J._D._Considine" title="J. D. Considine">J. D. Considine</a> from Rolling Stone praised it "as close to art as pop music gets ... proof not only that Madonna should be taken seriously as an artist but that hers is one of the most compelling voices of the Eighties."<a href="#cite_note-laprsreview-104">[103]</a> Like a Prayer peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 15 million copies worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-bbalbums-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-Time-105">[104]</a> Other successful singles from the album were "<a href="/wiki/Express_Yourself_(Madonna_song)" title="Express Yourself (Madonna song)">Express Yourself</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Cherish_(Madonna_song)" title="Cherish (Madonna song)">Cherish</a>", which both peaked at number two in the US, as well as the UK top-five "<a href="/wiki/Dear_Jessie" title="Dear Jessie">Dear Jessie</a>" and the US top-ten "<a href="/wiki/Keep_It_Together_(Madonna_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keep It Together (Madonna song)">Keep It Together</a>".<a href="#cite_note-bbsingles-88">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a> By the end of the 1980s, Madonna was named as the "Artist of the Decade" by MTV, Billboard and <a href="/wiki/Musician_(magazine)" title="Musician (magazine)">Musician</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> Madonna starred as <a href="/wiki/Breathless_Mahoney" title="Breathless Mahoney">Breathless Mahoney</a> in the film <a href="/wiki/Dick_Tracy_(1990_film)" title="Dick Tracy (1990 film)">Dick Tracy</a> (1990), with <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> playing the title role.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2001163-109">[108]</a> The film went to <a href="/wiki/List_of_1990_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1990 box office number-one films in the United States">number one on the US box office</a> for two weeks and Madonna received a <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturn Award">Saturn Award</a> nomination for <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Saturn Award for Best Actress">Best Actress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> To accompany the film, she released the soundtrack album, <a href="/wiki/I%27m_Breathless" title="I'm Breathless">I'm Breathless</a>, which included songs inspired by the film's 1930s setting. It also featured the US number-one song "<a href="/wiki/Vogue_(Madonna_song)" title="Vogue (Madonna song)">Vogue</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Sooner_or_Later_(Madonna_song)" title="Sooner or Later (Madonna song)">Sooner or Later</a>".<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> While shooting the film, Madonna began a relationship with Beatty, which dissolved shortly after the premiere.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> In April 1990, Madonna began her <a href="/wiki/Blond_Ambition_World_Tour" title="Blond Ambition World Tour">Blond Ambition World Tour</a>, which ended in August.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> Rolling Stone called it an "elaborately choreographed, sexually provocative extravaganza" and proclaimed it "the best tour of 1990".<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> The tour generated strong negative reaction from religious groups for her performance of "Like a Virgin", during which two male dancers caressed her body before she simulated masturbation.<a href="#cite_note-showstealer-89">[88]</a> In response, Madonna said, "The tour in no way hurts anybody's sentiments. It's for open minds and gets them to see sexuality in a different way. Their own and others".<a href="#cite_note-carrie-117">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Blond_Ambition_World_Tour_Live" title="Blond Ambition World Tour Live">The live recording of the tour</a> won Madonna her first <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>, in the category of <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Long_Form_Music_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video">Best Long Form Music Video</a>.<a href="#cite_note-grammy-118">[117]</a> In October 1990, Madonna lent her voice to a Public Service Announcement (PSA) supporting <a href="/wiki/Rock_the_Vote" title="Rock the Vote">Rock the Vote</a>'s efforts in voter registration.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> Madonna's first greatest-hits <a href="/wiki/Compilation_album" title="Compilation album">compilation album</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Immaculate_Collection" title="The Immaculate Collection">The Immaculate Collection</a> (1990), was released in November including two new songs, "<a href="/wiki/Justify_My_Love" title="Justify My Love">Justify My Love</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Rescue_Me_(Madonna_song)" title="Rescue Me (Madonna song)">Rescue Me</a>".<a href="#cite_note-cross28-120">[119]</a> The album was certified diamond by RIAA and sold over 30 million copies worldwide, becoming the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">best-selling</a> compilation album by a solo artist in history.<a href="#cite_note-diamond-121">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-TICsales-122">[121]</a> "Justify My Love" reached number one in the US becoming her ninth number-one on the Hot 100.<a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a> Her then-boyfriend model <a href="/wiki/Tony_Ward_(model)" title="Tony Ward (model)">Tony Ward</a> co-starred in the music video, which featured scenes of <a href="/wiki/Sadomasochism" title="Sadomasochism">sadomasochism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bondage_(sexual)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bondage (sexual)">bondage</a>, same-sex kissing, and brief nudity.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> The video was deemed too sexually explicit for MTV and was banned from the network.<a href="#cite_note-rebel-125">[124]</a> Her first documentary film, <a href="/wiki/Madonna:_Truth_or_Dare" title="Madonna: Truth or Dare">Truth or Dare</a> (known as In Bed with Madonna outside North America), was released in May 1991.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> Chronicling her Blond Ambition World Tour, it became the highest-grossing documentary of all time (surpassed eleven years later by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Michael Moore</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bowling_for_Columbine" title="Bowling for Columbine">Bowling for Columbine</a>).<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992–1997:_Maverick,_Erotica,_Sex,_Bedtime_Stories,_Evita,_and_motherhood">1992–1997: Maverick, Erotica, Sex, Bedtime Stories, Evita, and motherhood</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ExpressYourselfGirlieShowunderGround2_sh_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A woman with short blonde hair, wearing a green bra and purple pants, singing to a microphone, held in her left hand." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/ExpressYourselfGirlieShowunderGround2_sh_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-ExpressYourselfGirlieShowunderGround2_sh_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/ExpressYourselfGirlieShowunderGround2_sh_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-ExpressYourselfGirlieShowunderGround2_sh_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/ExpressYourselfGirlieShowunderGround2_sh_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Madonna performing at <a href="/wiki/The_Girlie_Show_(Madonna)" title="The Girlie Show (Madonna)">The Girlie Show</a> in 1993</figcaption></figure> In 1992, Madonna starred in <a href="/wiki/A_League_of_Their_Own" title="A League of Their Own">A League of Their Own</a> as Mae Mordabito, a baseball player on an all-women's team.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> It reached <a href="/wiki/List_of_1992_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1992 box office number-one films in the United States">number one on the box-office</a> and became the tenth-highest-grossing film of the year in the US.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> She recorded the film's theme song, "<a href="/wiki/This_Used_to_Be_My_Playground" title="This Used to Be My Playground">This Used to Be My Playground</a>", which became her tenth number-one on the Billboard Hot 100, the most by any female artist at the time.<a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a> In April, Madonna founded her own entertainment company, <a href="/wiki/Maverick_(entertainment_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maverick (entertainment company)">Maverick</a>, consisting of a record company (Maverick Records), a film production company (Maverick Films), and associated music publishing, television broadcasting, book publishing, and merchandising divisions.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_-_$60_million-130">[129]</a> The deal was a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Time_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Warner">Time Warner</a> and paid Madonna an advance of $60 million. It gave her 20% royalties from the music proceedings, the highest rate in the industry at the time, equaled only by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>'s royalty rate established a year earlier with <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_-_$60_million-130">[129]</a> Her company later went on to become one of the most successful <a href="/wiki/Vanity_label" title="Vanity label">artist-run labels</a> in history, producing multi-platinum artists such as <a href="/wiki/Alanis_Morissette" title="Alanis Morissette">Alanis Morissette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Branch" title="Michelle Branch">Michelle Branch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-labelsuit-131">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> Later that year, Madonna co-sponsored the first museum retrospective for her former boyfriend artist Jean-Michel Basquiat at the <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of American Art">Whitney Museum of American Art</a> in New York.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> In October 1992, Madonna simultaneously released her fifth studio album, <a href="/wiki/Erotica_(Madonna_album)" title="Erotica (Madonna album)">Erotica</a>, and her <a href="/wiki/Coffee_table_book" title="Coffee table book">coffee table book</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sex_(book)" title="Sex (book)">Sex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> Consisting of sexually provocative and explicit images, photographed by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Meisel" title="Steven Meisel">Steven Meisel</a>, the book received strong negative reaction from the media and the general public, but sold 1.5 million copies at $50 each in a matter of days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2001183-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-SEX_and_Erotica-137">[136]</a> The widespread backlash overshadowed Erotica, which ended up as her lowest selling album at the time.<a href="#cite_note-SEX_and_Erotica-137">[136]</a> Despite positive reviews, it became her first studio album since her debut album not to score any chart-topper in the US. The album entered the Billboard 200 at number two. It yielded the Hot 100 top-ten hits "<a href="/wiki/Erotica_(song)" title="Erotica (song)">Erotica</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Deeper_and_Deeper" title="Deeper and Deeper">Deeper and Deeper</a>".<a href="#cite_note-bbalbums-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a> At the time Madonna had been dating rapper <a href="/wiki/Vanilla_Ice" title="Vanilla Ice">Vanilla Ice</a> and she at one point proposed to him; they broke up following the release of Sex, with Ice claiming that he was included in the book without his consent.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> Madonna continued her provocative imagery in the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">erotic thriller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Evidence_(1993_film)" title="Body of Evidence (1993 film)">Body of Evidence</a>, a film which contained scenes of <a href="/wiki/Sadomasochism" title="Sadomasochism">sadomasochism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bondage_(BDSM)" title="Bondage (BDSM)">bondage</a>. Critics poorly received the film.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> She also starred in the film <a href="/wiki/Dangerous_Game_(1993_film)" title="Dangerous Game (1993 film)">Dangerous Game</a>, which was released straight to video in North America. The New York Times described the film as "angry and painful, and the pain feels real."<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> In September 1993, Madonna embarked on <a href="/wiki/The_Girlie_Show_(Madonna)" title="The Girlie Show (Madonna)">The Girlie Show</a>, in which she dressed as a whip-cracking <a href="/wiki/Dominatrix" title="Dominatrix">dominatrix</a> surrounded by topless dancers. In Puerto Rico she rubbed the island's flag between her legs on stage, resulting in outrage among the audience.<a href="#cite_note-showstealer-89">[88]</a> In March 1994, <a href="/wiki/Madonna_on_Late_Show_with_David_Letterman_in_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna on Late Show with David Letterman in 1994">she appeared as a guest</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Late_Show_with_David_Letterman" title="Late Show with David Letterman">Late Show with David Letterman</a>, using profanity that required censorship on television, and handing Letterman a pair of her panties and asking him to smell it.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> The releases of her sexually explicit book, album, and film, and the aggressive appearance on Letterman all made critics question Madonna as a sexual renegade. Critics and fans reacted negatively, commenting that "she had gone too far" and her career was over.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> Around this time, Madonna briefly dated rapper <a href="/wiki/Tupac_Shakur" title="Tupac Shakur">Tupac Shakur</a> and basketball player <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Rodman" title="Dennis Rodman">Dennis Rodman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> Biographer <a href="/wiki/J._Randy_Taraborrelli" title="J. Randy Taraborrelli">J. Randy Taraborrelli</a> described her ballad "<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Remember" title="I'll Remember">I'll Remember</a>" (1994) as an attempt to tone down her provocative image. The song was recorded for <a href="/wiki/Alek_Keshishian" title="Alek Keshishian">Alek Keshishian</a>'s 1994 film <a href="/wiki/With_Honors_(film)" title="With Honors (film)">With Honors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> She made a subdued appearance with Letterman at an awards show and appeared on <a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_with_Jay_Leno" title="The Tonight Show with Jay Leno">The Tonight Show with Jay Leno</a> after realizing that she needed to change her musical direction to sustain her popularity.<a href="#cite_note-tara235-149">[148]</a> With her sixth studio album, <a href="/wiki/Bedtime_Stories_(Madonna_album)" title="Bedtime Stories (Madonna album)">Bedtime Stories</a> (1994), Madonna employed a softer image to try to improve the public perception.<a href="#cite_note-tara235-149">[148]</a> The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and generated two US top-five hits, "<a href="/wiki/Secret_(Madonna_song)" title="Secret (Madonna song)">Secret</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Take_a_Bow_(Madonna_song)" title="Take a Bow (Madonna song)">Take a Bow</a>", the latter topping the Hot 100 for seven weeks, the longest period of any Madonna single.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Something_to_Remember" title="Something to Remember">Something to Remember</a>, a collection of ballads, was released in November 1995. The album featured three new songs: "<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_See" title="You'll See">You'll See</a>", "<a href="/wiki/One_More_Chance_(Madonna_song)" title="One More Chance (Madonna song)">One More Chance</a>", and a cover of <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/I_Want_You_(Marvin_Gaye_song)" title="I Want You (Marvin Gaye song)">I Want You</a>".<a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-str-151">[150]</a> An enthusiastic collector of <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">modern art</a>, Madonna sponsored the first major retrospective of <a href="/wiki/Tina_Modotti" title="Tina Modotti">Tina Modotti</a>'s work at the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a> in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> The following year, she sponsored an exhibition of Basquiat's paintings at the <a href="/wiki/Serpentine_Galleries" title="Serpentine Galleries">Serpentine Gallery</a> in London.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> The following year, she sponsored artist <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Sherman" title="Cindy Sherman">Cindy Sherman</a>'s retrospective at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">MoMA</a> in New York.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:20%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> This is the role I was born to play. I put everything of me into this because it was much more than a role in a movie. It was exhilarating and intimidating at the same time. And I am prouder of Evita than anything else I have done. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Madonna talking about her role in Evita<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a></cite> </div> In February 1996, Madonna began filming the musical <a href="/wiki/Evita_(1996_film)" title="Evita (1996 film)">Evita</a> in Argentina.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> For a long time, Madonna had desired to play Argentine political leader <a href="/wiki/Eva_Per%C3%B3n" title="Eva Perón">Eva Perón</a> and wrote to director <a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a> to explain why she would be perfect for the part. After securing the title role, she received vocal coaching and learned about the history of Argentina and Perón. During filming Madonna became ill several times, after finding out that she was pregnant, and from the intense emotional effort required with the scenes.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> Upon Evita's release in December 1996, Madonna's performance received praise from film critics.<a href="#cite_note-evitany-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-msn-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> Zach Conner of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine remarked, "It's a relief to say that Evita is pretty damn fine, well cast and handsomely visualized. Madonna once again confounds our expectations."<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> For the role, she <a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Evita_(1996_film)" title="List of accolades received by Evita (1996 film)">won</a> the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy">Best Actress in Motion Picture Musical or Comedy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cnn2008-162">[161]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Evita_(soundtrack)" title="Evita (soundtrack)">Evita soundtrack</a>, containing songs mostly performed by Madonna, was released as a <a href="/wiki/Double_album" title="Double album">double album</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> It included "<a href="/wiki/You_Must_Love_Me" title="You Must Love Me">You Must Love Me</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Cry_for_Me_Argentina#Madonna_version" title="Don't Cry for Me Argentina">Don't Cry for Me Argentina</a>"; the latter reached number one in countries across Europe.<a href="#cite_note-euro-164">[163]</a> Madonna was presented with the Artist Achievement Award by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a> at the 1996 <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Music_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Billboard Music Award">Billboard Music Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> On October 14, 1996, she gave birth to <a href="/wiki/Lourdes_Leon" title="Lourdes Leon">Lourdes "Lola" Maria Ciccone Leon</a>, her daughter with fitness trainer Carlos Leon.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> Biographer <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cross" title="Mary Cross">Mary Cross</a> writes that although Madonna often worried that her pregnancy would harm Evita, she reached some important personal goals: "Now 38 years old, Madonna had at last triumphed on screen and achieved her dream of having a child, both in the same year. She had reached another turning point in her career, reinventing herself and her image with the public."<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> Her relationship with Carlos Leon ended in May 1997 and she declared that they were "better off as best friends".<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1998–2002:_Ray_of_Light,_Music,_second_marriage,_and_touring_comeback">1998–2002: Ray of Light, Music, second marriage, and touring comeback</h3></div> After Lourdes's birth, Madonna became involved in Eastern mysticism and <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a>, introduced to her by actress <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Bernhard" title="Sandra Bernhard">Sandra Bernhard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> Her seventh studio album, <a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light" title="Ray of Light">Ray of Light</a>, (1998) reflected this change in her perception and image.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> She collaborated with electronica producer <a href="/wiki/William_Orbit" title="William Orbit">William Orbit</a> and wanted to create a sound that could blend dance music with pop and British rock.<a href="#cite_note-wync-174">[173]</a> American music critic <a href="/wiki/Ann_Powers" title="Ann Powers">Ann Powers</a> explained that what Madonna searched for with Orbit "was a kind of a lushness that she wanted for this record. <a href="/wiki/Techno_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Techno music">Techno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">rave</a> were happening in the 90s and had a lot of different forms. There was very experimental, more hard stuff like <a href="/wiki/Aphex_Twin" title="Aphex Twin">Aphex Twin</a>. There was party stuff like <a href="/wiki/Fatboy_Slim" title="Fatboy Slim">Fatboy Slim</a>. That's not what Madonna wanted for this. She wanted something more like a singer-songwriter, really. And William Orbit provided her with that."<a href="#cite_note-wync-174">[173]</a> The album garnered critical acclaim, with <a href="/wiki/Slant_Magazine" title="Slant Magazine">Slant Magazine</a> calling it "one of the great pop masterpieces of the '90s"<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> Ray of Light was honored with four <a href="/wiki/41st_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="41st Annual Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a>—including <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Vocal_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album">Best Pop Album</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Dance_Recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording">Best Dance Recording</a>—and was nominated for both <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Album of the Year">Album of the Year</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Record of the Year">Record of the Year</a>.<a href="#cite_note-madonnasecret-176">[175]</a> Rolling Stone listed it among "<a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_500_Greatest_Albums_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time">The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time</a>".<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> Commercially, the album peaked at number-one in numerous countries and sold more than 16 million copies worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> The album's lead single, "<a href="/wiki/Frozen_(Madonna_song)" title="Frozen (Madonna song)">Frozen</a>", became Madonna's first single to debut at number one in the UK, while in the US, it became her sixth number-two single, setting another record for Madonna as the artist with the most number-two hits.<a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> The second single, "<a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light_(song)" title="Ray of Light (song)">Ray of Light</a>", debuted at number five on the Billboard Hot 100.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> The 1998 edition of <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness Book of World Records</a> documented that "no female artist has sold more records than Madonna around the world".<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> Madonna founded <a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light_Foundation" title="Ray of Light Foundation">Ray of Light Foundation</a> which focused on women, education, global development and humanitarian.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> She recorded the single "<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Stranger" title="Beautiful Stranger">Beautiful Stranger</a>" for the 1999 film <a href="/wiki/Austin_Powers:_The_Spy_Who_Shagged_Me" title="Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me">Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me</a>, which earned her a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Song_Written_for_a_Motion_Picture,_Television_or_Other_Visual_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media">Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media</a>.<a href="#cite_note-grammy-118">[117]</a> Madonna starred in the 2000 <a href="/wiki/Comedy-drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedy-drama">comedy-drama</a> film <a href="/wiki/The_Next_Best_Thing" title="The Next Best Thing">The Next Best Thing</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a>. The film opened at number two on the US box office with $5.9 million grossed in its first week, but this quickly diminished.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> She also contributed two songs to the film's soundtrack—a cover of <a href="/wiki/Don_McLean" title="Don McLean">Don McLean</a>'s 1971 song "<a href="/wiki/American_Pie_(song)" title="American Pie (song)">American Pie</a>" and an original song "Time Stood Still"—the former became her ninth UK number-one single.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MadonnaDrownedWorld8_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A blond woman sitting on a block of hay. She is playing a guitar and singing in front of a standing microphone. She has short hair and wears gray-colored cowboy clothes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/MadonnaDrownedWorld8_cropped.jpg/170px-MadonnaDrownedWorld8_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/MadonnaDrownedWorld8_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption>Madonna performing at the 2001 <a href="/wiki/Drowned_World_Tour" title="Drowned World Tour">Drowned World Tour</a>, the highest-grossing tour of the year by a solo artist</figcaption></figure> Madonna released her eighth studio album, <a href="/wiki/Music_(Madonna_album)" title="Music (Madonna album)">Music</a>, in September 2000.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> It featured elements from the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronica</a>-inspired Ray of Light era, and like its predecessor, received acclaim from critics. Collaborating with French producer <a href="/wiki/Mirwais_Ahmadza%C3%AF" title="Mirwais Ahmadzaï">Mirwais Ahmadzaï</a>, Madonna commented: "I love to work with the weirdos that no one knows about—the people who have raw talent and who are making music unlike anyone else out there. Music is the future of sound."<a href="#cite_note-bronmusic-186">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Thomas_Erlewine" title="Stephen Thomas Erlewine">Stephen Thomas Erlewine</a> from <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> felt that "Music blows by in a kaleidoscopic rush of color, technique, style and substance. It has so many depth and layers that it's easily as self-aware and earnest as Ray of Light."<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> The album took the number-one position in more than 20 countries worldwide and sold four million copies in the first ten days.<a href="#cite_note-madonnasecret-176">[175]</a> In the US, Music debuted at the top, and became her first number-one album in eleven years since Like a Prayer.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> It produced three singles: the Hot 100 number-one "<a href="/wiki/Music_(Madonna_song)" title="Music (Madonna song)">Music</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Tell_Me_(Madonna_song)" title="Don't Tell Me (Madonna song)">Don't Tell Me</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/What_It_Feels_Like_for_a_Girl" title="What It Feels Like for a Girl">What It Feels Like for a Girl</a>".<a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a> The music video of "What It Feels Like for a Girl" depicted Madonna committing acts of crime and vandalism, and was banned by MTV and <a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> Madonna met director <a href="/wiki/Guy_Ritchie" title="Guy Ritchie">Guy Ritchie</a> in mid-1998, and gave birth to their son Rocco John Ritchie in Los Angeles on August 11, 2000.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> Rocco and Madonna suffered complications from the birth due to her experiencing <a href="/wiki/Placenta_praevia" title="Placenta praevia">placenta praevia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECross200788-191">[190]</a> He was christened at <a href="/wiki/Dornoch_Cathedral" title="Dornoch Cathedral">Dornoch Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dornoch" title="Dornoch">Dornoch</a>, Scotland, on December 21, 2000.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> Madonna married Ritchie the following day at nearby <a href="/wiki/Skibo_Castle" title="Skibo Castle">Skibo Castle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> After an eight-year absence from touring, Madonna started her <a href="/wiki/Drowned_World_Tour" title="Drowned World Tour">Drowned World Tour</a> in June 2001.<a href="#cite_note-showstealer-89">[88]</a> The tour visited cities in the US and Europe and was the highest-grossing concert tour of the year by a solo artist, earning $75 million from 47 sold-out shows.<a href="#cite_note-grossdwt-195">[194]</a> She also released her second greatest-hits collection, <a href="/wiki/GHV2" title="GHV2">GHV2</a>, which compiled 15 singles during the second decade of her recording career. The album debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 and sold seven million units worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-allmusicghv2-196">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> Madonna starred in the film <a href="/wiki/Swept_Away_(2002_film)" title="Swept Away (2002 film)">Swept Away</a>, directed by Ritchie. Released <a href="/wiki/Direct-to-video" title="Direct-to-video">direct-to-video</a> in the UK, the film was a commercial and critical failure.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> In May 2002 she appeared in London in the <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a> play <a href="/wiki/Up_for_Grabs_(play)" title="Up for Grabs (play)">Up for Grabs</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wyndhams_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyndhams Theatre">Wyndhams Theatre</a> (billed as 'Madonna Ritchie'), to universally bad reviews and was described as "the evening's biggest disappointment" by one.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> That October, she released "<a href="/wiki/Die_Another_Day_(song)" title="Die Another Day (song)">Die Another Day</a>", the title song of the <a href="/wiki/James_Bond_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bond (film series)">James Bond</a> film <a href="/wiki/Die_Another_Day" title="Die Another Day">Die Another Day</a>, in which she also had a <a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">cameo role</a>, described by Peter Bradshaw from <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> as "incredibly wooden".<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> The song reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for both a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song">Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Original_Song" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Original Song">Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Original Song</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003–2006:_American_Life_and_Confessions_on_a_Dance_Floor">2003–2006: American Life and Confessions on a Dance Floor</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ReInventionJason_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Madonna and her backup dancers in military constumes performing onstage with their right hands held upright into a fist." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/ReInventionJason_%28cropped2%29.jpg/170px-ReInventionJason_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/ReInventionJason_%28cropped2%29.jpg/255px-ReInventionJason_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/ReInventionJason_%28cropped2%29.jpg/340px-ReInventionJason_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="829" /></a><figcaption>Madonna performing at the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Re-Invention_World_Tour" title="Re-Invention World Tour">Re-Invention World Tour</a>, the highest-grossing tour of the year</figcaption></figure> In 2003, Madonna collaborated with fashion photographer <a href="/wiki/Steven_Klein_(artist)" title="Steven Klein (artist)">Steven Klein</a> for an exhibition installation named X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS, which ran from March to May in New York's <a href="/wiki/Deitch_Projects" class="mw-redirect" title="Deitch Projects">Deitch Projects</a> gallery, and also travelled the world in an edited form.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> The same year, Madonna released her ninth studio album, <a href="/wiki/American_Life" title="American Life">American Life</a>, which was based on her observations of American society.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> She explained that the record was "like a trip down memory lane, looking back at everything I've accomplished and all the things I once valued and all the things that were important to me." Larry Flick from <a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(LGBT_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Advocate (LGBT magazine)">The Advocate</a> felt that "American Life is an album that is among her most adventurous and lyrically intelligent", while also condemning it as "a lazy, half-arsed effort to sound and take her seriously."<a href="#cite_note-mtvamerican-204">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> The original music video of its <a href="/wiki/American_Life_(song)" title="American Life (song)">title track</a> caused controversy due to its violence and <a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">anti-war</a> imagery, and was withdrawn after the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a> started. Madonna voluntarily censored herself for the first time in her career due to the political climate of the country, saying that "there was a lynch mob mentality that was going on that wasn't pretty and I have children to protect."<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> The song stalled at number 37 on the Hot 100,<a href="#cite_note-ach-52">[51]</a> while the album became her lowest-selling album at that point with four million copies worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> Madonna gave another provocative performance later that year at the <a href="/wiki/2003_MTV_Video_Music_Awards" title="2003 MTV Video Music Awards">2003 MTV Video Music Awards</a>, when she kissed singers <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a> while singing the track "<a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(Madonna_song)" title="Hollywood (Madonna song)">Hollywood</a>".<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> In October 2003, she provided guest vocals on Spears' single "<a href="/wiki/Me_Against_the_Music" title="Me Against the Music">Me Against the Music</a>".<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> It was followed with the release of <a href="/wiki/Remixed_%26_Revisited" title="Remixed & Revisited">Remixed & Revisited</a>. The EP contained remixed versions of songs from American Life and included "Your Honesty", a previously unreleased track from the Bedtime Stories recording sessions.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> Madonna also signed a contract with <a href="/wiki/Callaway_Arts_%26_Entertainment" title="Callaway Arts & Entertainment">Callaway Arts & Entertainment</a> to be the author of five children's books. The first of these books, titled <a href="/wiki/The_English_Roses" title="The English Roses">The English Roses</a>, was published in September 2003. The story was about four English schoolgirls and their envy and jealousy of each other.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> The book debuted at the top of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list" title="The New York Times Best Seller list">The New York Times Best Seller list</a>, and became the fastest-selling children's picture book of all time.<a href="#cite_note-womenworld-213">[212]</a> Madonna donated all of its proceeds to a children's charity.<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> The next year Madonna and Maverick sued <a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music Group</a> and its former parent company Time Warner, claiming that mismanagement of resources and poor bookkeeping had cost the company millions of dollars. In return, Warner filed a countersuit alleging that Maverick had lost tens of millions of dollars on its own.<a href="#cite_note-labelsuit-131">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> The dispute was resolved when the Maverick shares, owned by Madonna and Ronnie Dashev, were purchased by Warner. Madonna and Dashev's company became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Warner Music, but Madonna was still signed to Warner under a separate recording contract.<a href="#cite_note-labelsuit-131">[130]</a> In mid-2004, Madonna embarked on the <a href="/wiki/Re-Invention_World_Tour" title="Re-Invention World Tour">Re-Invention World Tour</a> in the US, Canada and Europe. It became the highest-grossing tour of 2004, earning around $120 million and became the subject of her documentary <a href="/wiki/I%27m_Going_to_Tell_You_a_Secret" title="I'm Going to Tell You a Secret">I'm Going to Tell You a Secret</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> In November 2004, she was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/UK_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="UK Music Hall of Fame">UK Music Hall of Fame</a> as one of its five founding members, along with <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a> and <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> Rolling Stone ranked her at number 36 on its special issue of the <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_100_Greatest_Artists_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time">100 Greatest Artists of All Time</a>, featuring an article about her written by Britney Spears.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> In January 2005, Madonna performed a cover version of the <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Imagine_(John_Lennon_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagine (John Lennon song)">Imagine</a>" at <a href="/wiki/Tsunami_Aid" title="Tsunami Aid">Tsunami Aid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> She also performed at the <a href="/wiki/Live_8" title="Live 8">Live 8</a> benefit concert in London in July 2005.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> When I wrote American Life, I was very agitated by what was going on in the world around me, ... I was angry. I had a lot to get off my chest. I made a lot of political statements. But now, I feel that I just want to have fun; I want to dance; I want to feel buoyant. And I want to give other people the same feeling. There's a lot of madness in the world around us, and I want people to be happy. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Madonna talking about Confessions on a Dance Floor.<a href="#cite_note-dq-222">[221]</a></cite> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HungUpFresno_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Madonna wearing sunglasses and a disco-inspired bodysuit performing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/HungUpFresno_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-HungUpFresno_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/HungUpFresno_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-HungUpFresno_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/HungUpFresno_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-HungUpFresno_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>Madonna at the <a href="/wiki/Confessions_Tour" title="Confessions Tour">Confessions Tour</a> in 2006</figcaption></figure> Her tenth studio album, <a href="/wiki/Confessions_on_a_Dance_Floor" title="Confessions on a Dance Floor">Confessions on a Dance Floor</a>, was released in November 2005. Musically the album was structured like a club set composed by a DJ. It was acclaimed by critics, with Keith Caulfield from <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> commenting that the album was a "welcome return to form for the Queen of Pop."<a href="#cite_note-bbalbum-223">[222]</a> The album won a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Electronic/Dance_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album">Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album</a>.<a href="#cite_note-grammy-118">[117]</a> Confessions on a Dance Floor and its lead single, "<a href="/wiki/Hung_Up" title="Hung Up">Hung Up</a>", went on to reach number one in 40 and 41 countries respectively, earning a place in Guinness World Records.<a href="#cite_note-guinness-224">[223]</a> The song contained a sample of <a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Gimme!_Gimme!_Gimme!_(A_Man_After_Midnight)" title="Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)">Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)</a>", only the second time that ABBA has allowed their work to be used. ABBA songwriter <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Ulvaeus" title="Björn Ulvaeus">Björn Ulvaeus</a> remarked "It is a wonderful track—100 per cent solid pop music."<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Sorry_(Madonna_song)" title="Sorry (Madonna song)">Sorry</a>", the second single, became Madonna's twelfth number-one single in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-71">[70]</a> Madonna embarked on the <a href="/wiki/Confessions_Tour" title="Confessions Tour">Confessions Tour</a> in May 2006, which had a global audience of 1.2 million and grossed over $193.7 million, becoming the highest-grossing tour to that date for a female artist.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> Madonna used religious symbols, such as the <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Thorns" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Thorns">Crown of Thorns</a>, in the performance of "Live to Tell". It caused the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Jewish_Communities_of_Russia" title="Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia">Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia</a> to urge all their members to boycott her concert.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> At the same time, the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry">International Federation of the Phonographic Industry</a> (IFPI) announced officially that Madonna had sold over 200 million copies of her albums alone worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> While on tour, Madonna founded the charitable organization <a href="/wiki/Raising_Malawi" title="Raising Malawi">Raising Malawi</a>, and partially funded an orphanage in and traveling to that country.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> While there, she decided to adopt a boy named David Banda in October 2006.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> The adoption raised strong public reaction, because Malawian law requires would-be parents to reside in Malawi for one year before adopting, which Madonna did not do.<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> She addressed this on <a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a>, saying that there were no written adoption laws in Malawi that regulated foreign adoption. Madonna described how Banda had been suffering from <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> after surviving <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> when they first met.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> Banda's biological father, Yohane, commented: "These so-called human rights activists are harassing me every day, threatening me that I am not aware of what I am doing ... They want me to support their court case, a thing I cannot do for I know what I agreed with Madonna and her husband." The adoption was finalized in May 2008.<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007–2011:_Filmmaking,_Hard_Candy,_and_business_ventures">2007–2011: Filmmaking, Hard Candy, and business ventures</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HumanNature2009_(cropped)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Madonna playing a guitar onstage singing in front of a microphone. She wears a black leotard and white hat with boots." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/HumanNature2009_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/175px-HumanNature2009_%28cropped%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/HumanNature2009_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/263px-HumanNature2009_%28cropped%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/HumanNature2009_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/350px-HumanNature2009_%28cropped%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1795" data-file-height="2492" /></a><figcaption>Madonna performing on the 2009 leg of the <a href="/wiki/Sticky_%26_Sweet_Tour" title="Sticky & Sweet Tour">Sticky & Sweet Tour</a> which held the record for the highest-grossing tour for a female artist for 15 years</figcaption></figure> Madonna released and performed the song "<a href="/wiki/Hey_You_(Madonna_song)" title="Hey You (Madonna song)">Hey You</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/Live_Earth_concert,_London" title="Live Earth concert, London">London Live Earth concert</a> in July 2007.<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> She announced her departure from Warner Bros. Records, and declared a new $120 million, ten-year <a href="/wiki/360_deal" title="360 deal">360 deal</a> with <a href="/wiki/Live_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Live Nation">Live Nation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> In 2008, Madonna produced and wrote <a href="/wiki/I_Am_Because_We_Are" title="I Am Because We Are">I Am Because We Are</a>, a documentary on the problems faced by Malawians; it was directed by Nathan Rissman, who worked as Madonna's gardener.<a href="#cite_note-iabwa-237">[236]</a> She also directed her first film, <a href="/wiki/Filth_and_Wisdom" title="Filth and Wisdom">Filth and Wisdom</a>. The plot of the film revolved around three friends and their aspirations. The Times said she had "done herself proud" while The Daily Telegraph described the film as "not an entirely unpromising first effort [but] Madonna would do well to hang on to her day job."<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> On March 10, 2008, Madonna was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> in her first year of eligibility.<a href="#cite_note-rsinducted-240">[239]</a> She did not sing at the ceremony but asked fellow Hall of Fame inductees and Michigan natives <a href="/wiki/The_Stooges" title="The Stooges">the Stooges</a> to perform her songs "Burning Up" and "Ray of Light".<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> Madonna released her eleventh studio album, <a href="/wiki/Hard_Candy_(Madonna_album)" title="Hard Candy (Madonna album)">Hard Candy</a>, in April 2008. Containing <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban contemporary">urban pop</a> influences, the songs on Hard Candy were autobiographical in nature and saw Madonna collaborating with <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timbaland" title="Timbaland">Timbaland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharrell_Williams" title="Pharrell Williams">Pharrell Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danja_(record_producer)" title="Danja (record producer)">Nate "Danja" Hills</a>.<a href="#cite_note-timbalandhot-242">[241]</a> The album debuted at number one in 37 countries and on the Billboard 200.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> Caryn Ganz from Rolling Stone complimented it as an "impressive taste of her upcoming tour",<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> while BBC correspondent Mark Savage panned it as "an attempt to harness the urban market".<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> "<a href="/wiki/4_Minutes" title="4 Minutes">4 Minutes</a>" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart and pushed her past <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> as the artist with the most top-ten hits.<a href="#cite_note-mariahmadonna-247">[246]</a> In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female artist; "4 Minutes" becoming her thirteenth.<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> At the 23rd <a href="/wiki/Japan_Gold_Disc_Awards" title="Japan Gold Disc Awards">Japan Gold Disc Awards</a>, Madonna received her fifth Artist of the Year trophy from <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_Japan" title="Recording Industry Association of Japan">Recording Industry Association of Japan</a>, the most for any artist.<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a> To further promote the album, she embarked on the <a href="/wiki/Sticky_%26_Sweet_Tour" title="Sticky & Sweet Tour">Sticky & Sweet Tour</a>, her first major venture with Live Nation. With a total gross of $408 million, it ended up as the second <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours">highest-grossing tour of all time</a>, behind <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Bigger_Bang_Tour" title="A Bigger Bang Tour">A Bigger Bang Tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a> It remained the highest-grossing tour by a solo artist until <a href="/wiki/Roger_Waters" title="Roger Waters">Roger Waters</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Live_(2010%E2%80%932013)" title="The Wall Live (2010–2013)">the Wall Live</a> surpassed it in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-The_Wall_Live-251">[250]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_@_69th_Annual_Golden_Globes_Awards_cropped_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Madonna in a gown, holding an award statue in her left hand, talking to a standing microphone." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Madonna_%40_69th_Annual_Golden_Globes_Awards_cropped_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="273" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption>Madonna receiving the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song">Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song</a> in 2012</figcaption></figure> In July 2008, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ciccone" title="Christopher Ciccone">Christopher Ciccone</a> released a book titled <a href="/wiki/Life_with_My_Sister_Madonna" title="Life with My Sister Madonna">Life with My Sister Madonna</a>, which caused a rift between Madonna and him, because of unsolicited publication.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> By fall, Madonna filed for divorce from Ritchie, citing irreconcilable differences.<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> In December 2008, Madonna's spokesperson announced that Madonna had agreed to a divorce settlement with Ritchie, the terms of which granted him between £50–60 million ($68.49–82.19 million), a figure that included the couple's <a href="/wiki/The_Punch_Bowl_(Mayfair)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Punch Bowl (Mayfair)">London pub</a> and residence and <a href="/wiki/Ashcombe_House,_Wiltshire" title="Ashcombe House, Wiltshire">Wiltshire estate</a> in England.<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> The marriage was dissolved by District Judge Reid by <a href="/wiki/Decree_nisi" title="Decree nisi">decree nisi</a> at the clinical Principal Registry of the Family Division in <a href="/wiki/High_Holborn" title="High Holborn">High Holborn</a>, London. They entered a compromise agreement for Rocco and David, then aged eight and three respectively, and divided the children's time between Ritchie's London home and Madonna's in New York, where the two were joined by Lourdes.<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> Soon after, Madonna applied to adopt Chifundo "Mercy" James from Malawi in May 2009, but the country's High Court rejected the application because Madonna was not a resident there.<a href="#cite_note-mercyjames-257">[256]</a> She re-appealed, and on June 12, 2009, the Supreme Court of Malawi granted her the right to adopt Mercy.<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> Madonna concluded her contract with Warner by releasing her third greatest-hits album, <a href="/wiki/Celebration_(Madonna_album)" title="Celebration (Madonna album)">Celebration</a>, in September 2009. It contained the new songs "<a href="/wiki/Celebration_(Madonna_song)" title="Celebration (Madonna song)">Celebration</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Revolver_(song)" title="Revolver (song)">Revolver</a>" along with 34 hits spanning her musical career with the label.<a href="#cite_note-celebraterelease-259">[258]</a> Celebration reached number one in several countries, including Canada, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> She appeared at the <a href="/wiki/2009_MTV_Video_Music_Awards" title="2009 MTV Video Music Awards">2009 MTV Video Music Awards</a> to speak in tribute to deceased pop singer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a> Madonna ended the 2000s as the bestselling single artist of the decade in the US and the most-played artist of the decade in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> Billboard also announced her as the third top-touring artist of the decade—behind only the Rolling Stones and <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a>—with a gross of over $801 million, 6.3 million attendance and 244 sell-outs of 248 shows.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> Madonna performed at the <a href="/wiki/Hope_for_Haiti_Now:_A_Global_Benefit_for_Earthquake_Relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief">Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief</a> concert in January 2010.<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> Her third live album, <a href="/wiki/Sticky_%26_Sweet_Tour_(album)" title="Sticky & Sweet Tour (album)">Sticky & Sweet Tour</a>, was released in April, debuting at number ten on the Billboard 200.<a href="#cite_note-bbalbums-62">[61]</a> It also became her 20th top-ten on the <a href="/wiki/Oricon_Albums_Chart" title="Oricon Albums Chart">Oricon Albums Chart</a>, breaking the Beatles' record for the most top-ten album by an international act in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-japanrecord-266">[265]</a> Madonna granted American television show, <a href="/wiki/Glee_(TV_series)" title="Glee (TV series)">Glee</a>, the rights to her entire catalog of music, and the producers created <a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Madonna" title="The Power of Madonna">an episode</a> featuring her songs exclusively.<a href="#cite_note-EW-267">[266]</a> She also collaborated with Lourdes and released the <a href="/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands" title="Madonna fashion brands">Material Girl</a> clothing line, inspired by her punk-girl style when she rose to fame in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-mgclothing-268">[267]</a> In October, she opened a series of fitness centers around the world named <a href="/wiki/Hard_Candy_Fitness" title="Hard Candy Fitness">Hard Candy Fitness</a>,<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> and three months later unveiled a second fashion brand called <a href="/wiki/Truth_or_Dare_by_Madonna" title="Truth or Dare by Madonna">Truth or Dare</a> which included footwear, perfumes, underclothing, and accessories.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> Madonna directed her second feature film, <a href="/wiki/W.E." title="W.E.">W.E.</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">biographical account</a> about the affair between <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VIII of the United Kingdom">King Edward VIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallis,_Duchess_of_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallis, Duchess of Windsor">Wallis Simpson</a>. Co-written with <a href="/wiki/Alek_Keshishian" title="Alek Keshishian">Alek Keshishian</a>, the film was premiered at the <a href="/wiki/68th_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="68th Venice International Film Festival">68th Venice International Film Festival</a> in September 2011.<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> Critical and commercial response to the film was negative.<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> Madonna contributed the ballad "<a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_(Madonna_song)" title="Masterpiece (Madonna song)">Masterpiece</a>" for the film's soundtrack, which won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song.<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012–2016:_Super_Bowl_XLVI_halftime_show,_MDNA,_and_Rebel_Heart">2012–2016: Super Bowl XLVI halftime show, MDNA, and Rebel Heart</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_Super_Bowl_halftime_show_(6844800645).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A groupe of performers onstage, with Madonna and Cee Lo Green at the front. They are all wearing black costumes with red and white stripes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/2012_Super_Bowl_halftime_show_%286844800645%29.jpg/220px-2012_Super_Bowl_halftime_show_%286844800645%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/2012_Super_Bowl_halftime_show_%286844800645%29.jpg/330px-2012_Super_Bowl_halftime_show_%286844800645%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/2012_Super_Bowl_halftime_show_%286844800645%29.jpg/440px-2012_Super_Bowl_halftime_show_%286844800645%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Madonna, joined by <a href="/wiki/Cee_Lo_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Cee Lo Green">Cee Lo Green</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Marching_band" title="Marching band">marching band</a>, performing during the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVI_halftime_show" title="Super Bowl XLVI halftime show">Super Bowl XLVI halftime show</a> on February 5, 2012</figcaption></figure> In February 2012, Madonna headlined the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVI_halftime_show" title="Super Bowl XLVI halftime show">Super Bowl XLVI halftime show</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Oil_Stadium" title="Lucas Oil Stadium">Lucas Oil Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>, Indiana.<a href="#cite_note-nfl12-275">[274]</a> Her performance was visualized by <a href="/wiki/Cirque_Du_Soleil" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirque Du Soleil">Cirque Du Soleil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jamie_King" title="Jamie King">Jamie King</a>, and featured special guests <a href="/wiki/LMFAO" title="LMFAO">LMFAO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicki_Minaj" title="Nicki Minaj">Nicki Minaj</a>, <a href="/wiki/M.I.A._(rapper)" title="M.I.A. (rapper)">M.I.A.</a> and <a href="/wiki/CeeLo_Green" title="CeeLo Green">CeeLo Green</a>. It became the then most-watched Super Bowl halftime show in history with 114 million viewers, higher than the game itself.<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a> During the event, she performed "<a href="/wiki/Give_Me_All_Your_Luvin%27" title="Give Me All Your Luvin'">Give Me All Your Luvin'</a>", the lead single from her twelfth studio album, <a href="/wiki/MDNA_(album)" title="MDNA (album)">MDNA</a>. It became her record-extending 38th top-ten single on the Billboard Hot 100.<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> MDNA was released in March 2012 and saw collaboration with various producers, including William Orbit and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Solveig" title="Martin Solveig">Martin Solveig</a>.<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> It was her first release under her three-album deal with <a href="/wiki/Interscope_Records" title="Interscope Records">Interscope Records</a>, which she signed as a part of her 360 deal with Live Nation.<a href="#cite_note-InterscopeDeal-279">[278]</a> She was signed to the record label since Live Nation was unable to distribute music recordings.<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> MDNA became Madonna's fifth consecutive studio record to debut at the top of the Billboard 200.<a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a> The album was mostly promoted by <a href="/wiki/The_MDNA_Tour" title="The MDNA Tour">the MDNA Tour</a>, which lasted from May to December 2012.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a> The tour featured controversial subjects such as violence, firearms, human rights, nudity and politics. With a gross of $305.2 million from 88 sold-out shows, it became the highest-grossing tour of 2012 and then-tenth highest-grossing tour of all time.<a href="#cite_note-mdna_boxscore-283">[282]</a> Madonna was named the top-earning celebrity of the year by <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>, earning an estimated $125 million.<a href="#cite_note-earning2013-284">[283]</a> Madonna collaborated with Steven Klein and directed a 17-minute film, <a href="/wiki/Secretprojectrevolution" title="Secretprojectrevolution">secretprojectrevolution</a>, which was released on <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="BitTorrent (company)">BitTorrent</a> in September 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Hive-285">[284]</a> With the film she launched the Art for Freedom initiative, which helped to promote "art and free speech as a means to address persecution and injustice across the globe". The website for the project included over 3,000 art related submissions since its inception, with Madonna regularly monitoring and enlisting other artists like <a href="/wiki/David_Blaine" title="David Blaine">David Blaine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a> as guest curators.<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> By 2013, Madonna's <a href="/wiki/Raising_Malawi" title="Raising Malawi">Raising Malawi</a> had built ten schools to educate 4,000 children in Malawi at a value of $400,000.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a> When Madonna visited the schools in April 2013, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Malawi" title="President of Malawi">President of Malawi</a> <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Banda" title="Joyce Banda">Joyce Banda</a> accused her of exaggerating the charity's contribution.<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> Madonna was saddened by Banda's statement, but clarified that she had "no intention of being distracted by these ridiculous allegations". It was later confirmed that Banda had not approved the statement released by her press team.<a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> Madonna also visited her hometown Detroit during May 2014, and donated funds to help with the city's <a href="/wiki/Detroit_bankruptcy" title="Detroit bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> The same year, her business ventures extended to <a href="/wiki/Skin_care" title="Skin care">skin care</a> products with the launch of <a href="/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands#MDNA_Skin" title="Madonna fashion brands">MDNA Skin</a> in Tokyo, Japan.<a href="#cite_note-skin-291">[290]</a> Madonna's thirteenth studio album, <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Heart" title="Rebel Heart">Rebel Heart</a>, was released in March 2015, three months after its thirteen <a href="/wiki/Demo_(music)" title="Demo (music)">demos</a> leaked onto the internet.<a href="#cite_note-ggtheft-292">[291]</a> Unlike her previous efforts, which involved only a few people, Madonna worked with a large number of collaborators, including <a href="/wiki/Avicii" title="Avicii">Avicii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diplo_(producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplo (producer)">Diplo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>.<a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a> Introspection was listed as one of the foundational themes prevalent on the record, along with "genuine statements of personal and careerist reflection".<a href="#cite_note-slant3-295">[294]</a> Madonna explained to <a href="/wiki/Jon_Pareles" title="Jon Pareles">Jon Pareles</a> of The New York Times that, although she has never looked back at her past endeavors, reminiscing about it felt right for Rebel Heart.<a href="#cite_note-nytint-296">[295]</a> Music critics responded positively towards the album, calling it her best effort in a decade.<a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rebel_Heart_Tour_2016_-_Brisbane_1_(26194050412)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Madonna looking to her right while singing onstage, with her right hand on her waist." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rebel_Heart_Tour_2016_-_Brisbane_1_%2826194050412%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Rebel_Heart_Tour_2016_-_Brisbane_1_%2826194050412%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rebel_Heart_Tour_2016_-_Brisbane_1_%2826194050412%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Rebel_Heart_Tour_2016_-_Brisbane_1_%2826194050412%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rebel_Heart_Tour_2016_-_Brisbane_1_%2826194050412%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Rebel_Heart_Tour_2016_-_Brisbane_1_%2826194050412%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2656" data-file-height="3256" /></a><figcaption>Madonna performing at the <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Heart_Tour" title="Rebel Heart Tour">Rebel Heart Tour</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure> From September 2015 to March 2016, Madonna embarked on the <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Heart_Tour" title="Rebel Heart Tour">Rebel Heart Tour</a> to promote the album. The tour traveled throughout North America, Europe and Asia and was Madonna's first visit to Australia in 23 years, where she also performed a <a href="/wiki/Madonna:_Tears_of_a_Clown" title="Madonna: Tears of a Clown">one-off show</a> for her fans.<a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a> The Rebel Heart Tour grossed a total of $169.8 million from the 82 shows, with over 1.045 million ticket sales.<a href="#cite_note-rebelheartgross-300">[299]</a> While on tour, Madonna became engaged in a legal battle with Ritchie, over the custody of their son Rocco. The dispute started when Rocco decided to continue living in England with Ritchie when the tour had visited there, while Madonna wanted him to travel with her. Court hearings took place in both New York and London. After multiple deliberations, Madonna withdrew her application for custody and decided to resolve the matter privately.<a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a> In October 2016, Billboard named Madonna its <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Women_in_Music#Woman_of_the_Year_Award" title="Billboard Women in Music">Woman of the Year</a>. Her "blunt and brutally honest" speech about ageism and sexism at the ceremony received widespread coverage in the media.<a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-woman2016-303">[302]</a> The next month Madonna, who actively supported <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 US presidential election</a>, performed an impromptu acoustic concert at <a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square Park</a> in support of <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Clinton's campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-impromptu-304">[303]</a> Upset that <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> won the election, Madonna spoke out against him at the <a href="/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March" title="2017 Women's March">Women's March on Washington</a>, a day after <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">his inauguration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-305">[304]</a> She sparked controversy when she said that she "thought a lot about blowing up the White House".<a href="#cite_note-306">[305]</a> The following day, Madonna asserted she was "not a violent person" and that her words had been "taken wildly out of context".<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017–2021:_Move_to_Lisbon_and_Madame_X">2017–2021: Move to Lisbon and Madame X</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_on_Medellin_MTV_premiere_(cropped2).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Madonna_on_Medellin_MTV_premiere_%28cropped2%29.png/150px-Madonna_on_Medellin_MTV_premiere_%28cropped2%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Madonna_on_Medellin_MTV_premiere_%28cropped2%29.png/226px-Madonna_on_Medellin_MTV_premiere_%28cropped2%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Madonna_on_Medellin_MTV_premiere_%28cropped2%29.png/301px-Madonna_on_Medellin_MTV_premiere_%28cropped2%29.png 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption>Madonna debuting the Madame X alter ego in 2019</figcaption></figure> In February 2017, Madonna adopted four-year-old twin sisters from Malawi named Estere and Stella,<a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a> and she moved to live in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal, in mid-2017 with her adoptive children.<a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a> In July, she opened the <a href="/wiki/Mercy_James_Institute_for_Pediatric_Surgery_and_Intensive_Care" title="Mercy James Institute for Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Care">Mercy James Institute for Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Care</a> in Malawi, a children's hospital built by her Raising Malawi charity.<a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Heart_Tour_(album)" title="Rebel Heart Tour (album)">live album</a> chronicling the Rebel Heart Tour was released in September 2017, and won Best Music Video for Western Artists at the 32nd <a href="/wiki/Japan_Gold_Disc_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Gold Disc Award">Japan Gold Disc Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a> That month, Madonna launched MDNA Skin in select stores in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a> A few months earlier, the auction house Gotta Have Rock and Roll had put up Madonna's personal items like love letters from <a href="/wiki/Tupac_Shakur" title="Tupac Shakur">Tupac Shakur</a>, cassettes, underwear and a hairbrush for sale. Darlene Lutz, an art dealer who had initiated the auction, was sued by Madonna's representatives to stop the proceedings. Madonna clarified that her celebrity status "does not obviate my right to maintain my privacy, including with regard to highly personal items". Madonna lost the case and the presiding judge ruled in favor of Lutz who was able to prove that in 2004 Madonna made a legal agreement with her for selling the items.<a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a> While living in Lisbon, Madonna met <a href="/wiki/Dino_D%27Santiago" title="Dino D'Santiago">Dino D'Santiago</a>, who introduced her to many local musicians playing <a href="/wiki/Fado" title="Fado">fado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morna_(music)" title="Morna (music)">morna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samba_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Samba music">samba music</a>. They regularly invited her to their "living room sessions", thus she was inspired to make her 14th studio album, <a href="/wiki/Madame_X_(album)" title="Madame X (album)">Madame X</a>.<a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a> Madonna produced the album with several musicians, primarily her longtime collaborator <a href="/wiki/Mirwais_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirwais (musician)">Mirwais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Dean_(record_producer)" title="Mike Dean (record producer)">Mike Dean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a> The album was critically well received, with <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a> deeming it "bold, bizarre, self-referential and unlike anything Madonna has ever done before."<a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a> Released in June 2019, Madame X debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming her ninth number-one album there.<a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a> All four of its singles—"<a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_(song)" title="Medellín (song)">Medellín</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Crave_(Madonna_and_Swae_Lee_song)" title="Crave (Madonna and Swae Lee song)">Crave</a>", "<a href="/wiki/I_Rise_(song)" title="I Rise (song)">I Rise</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Search_I_Find" title="I Don't Search I Find">I Don't Search I Find</a>"—topped the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart, extending her record for most number-one entries on the chart.<a href="#cite_note-DanceRecord-320">[319]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madame_x_-_London_Palladium_I_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Madonna singing onstage in front of a greenish backdrop, while wearing black costumes and an eye-patch." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Madame_x_-_London_Palladium_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Madame_x_-_London_Palladium_I_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Madame_x_-_London_Palladium_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Madame_x_-_London_Palladium_I_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Madame_x_-_London_Palladium_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Madame_x_-_London_Palladium_I_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="1985" /></a><figcaption>Madonna performing at the <a href="/wiki/Madame_X_Tour" title="Madame X Tour">Madame X Tour</a> in 2020</figcaption></figure> The previous month, Madonna appeared as the interval act at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">Eurovision Song Contest 2019</a> and performed "Like a Prayer", and then "<a href="/wiki/Future_(Madonna_and_Quavo_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Future (Madonna and Quavo song)">Future</a>" with rapper <a href="/wiki/Quavo" title="Quavo">Quavo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a> Her <a href="/wiki/Madame_X_Tour" title="Madame X Tour">Madame X Tour</a>, an all-<a href="/wiki/Theater_(structure)" title="Theater (structure)">theatre</a> tour in select cities across North America and Europe, began on September 17, 2019. In addition to much smaller venues compared to her previous tours, she implemented a no-phone policy in order to maximize the intimacy of the concert.<a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Pollstar" title="Pollstar">Pollstar</a>, the tour earned $51.4 million in ticket sales.<a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a> That December, Madonna started dating Ahlamalik Williams, a dancer who began accompanying her on the Rebel Heart Tour in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-The_Times_of_India_2021-324">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nast_2021-325">[324]</a> However, the Madame X Tour faced several cancellations due to her recurring knee injury, and eventually ended abruptly on March 8, 2020, three days before its planned final date, after the French government banned gatherings of more than 1,000 people due to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a> She later revealed she had <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">tested positive</a> for <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">coronavirus</a> antibodies.<a href="#cite_note-328">[327]</a> In April 2020, Madonna announced her financial support for the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator led by the <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">Mastercard</a>,<a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a> and donated an additional $1 million to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to help fund research creating a new vaccine.<a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a> Madonna and Missy Elliott provided guest vocals on <a href="/wiki/Dua_Lipa" title="Dua Lipa">Dua Lipa</a>'s single "<a href="/wiki/Levitating_(The_Blessed_Madonna_Remix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Levitating (The Blessed Madonna Remix)">Levitating</a>", from Lipa's 2020 remix album <a href="/wiki/Club_Future_Nostalgia" title="Club Future Nostalgia">Club Future Nostalgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a> She also started work on a film biopic about her life, which she intended to direct.<a href="#cite_note-Grobar-332">[331]</a> <a href="/wiki/Erin_Cressida_Wilson" title="Erin Cressida Wilson">Erin Cressida Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diablo_Cody" title="Diablo Cody">Diablo Cody</a> worked on the script at various points and <a href="/wiki/Julia_Garner" title="Julia Garner">Julia Garner</a> was cast as Madonna before the project was postponed.<a href="#cite_note-Grobar-332">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a> Madonna released <a href="/wiki/Madame_X_(2021_film)" title="Madame X (2021 film)">Madame X</a>, a documentary film chronicling the tour of the same name, on <a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a> in October 2021.<a href="#cite_note-335">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022–present:_Finally_Enough_Love_and_the_Celebration_Tour">2022–present: Finally Enough Love and the Celebration Tour</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_-_The_Celebration_tour_live_-_London_15_10_2023_(53271210582).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Madonna_-_The_Celebration_tour_live_-_London_15_10_2023_%2853271210582%29.jpg/220px-Madonna_-_The_Celebration_tour_live_-_London_15_10_2023_%2853271210582%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Madonna_-_The_Celebration_tour_live_-_London_15_10_2023_%2853271210582%29.jpg/330px-Madonna_-_The_Celebration_tour_live_-_London_15_10_2023_%2853271210582%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Madonna_-_The_Celebration_tour_live_-_London_15_10_2023_%2853271210582%29.jpg/440px-Madonna_-_The_Celebration_tour_live_-_London_15_10_2023_%2853271210582%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Madonna performing in 2023 during <a href="/wiki/The_Celebration_Tour" title="The Celebration Tour">The Celebration Tour</a></figcaption></figure> On her 63rd birthday, she officially announced her return to Warner in a global partnership which grants the label her entire recorded music catalog, including the last three albums released under Interscope. Under the contract, Madonna launched a series of catalog reissues beginning in 2022, to commemorate the 40th anniversary of her recording career. A remix album titled <a href="/wiki/Finally_Enough_Love:_50_Number_Ones" title="Finally Enough Love: 50 Number Ones">Finally Enough Love: 50 Number Ones</a> was released on August 19, with a 16-track abridged edition being available for streaming since June 24.<a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a> Consisting of her 50 number-one songs on Billboard's Dance Club Songs chart, the remix album highlighted "how meaningful dance music has always been" to Madonna's career, and became her 23rd top-ten album on the Billboard 200.<a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[337]</a> In September 2022, Madonna released "Hung Up on Tokischa", a remix of "Hung Up", featuring rapper <a href="/wiki/Tokischa" title="Tokischa">Tokischa</a>. The song utilizes <a href="/wiki/Dembow" class="mw-redirect" title="Dembow">dembow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a> On December 29, 2022, Madonna released the demo version of "Back That Up to the Beat" to all digital outlets. The song was recorded in 2015 sessions, with an alternative version being released on the <a href="/wiki/Madame_X_(album)#Track_listing" title="Madame X (album)">deluxe 2-CD version</a> of her 2019 Madame X album.<a href="#cite_note-341">[340]</a> In January 2023, Madonna announced <a href="/wiki/The_Celebration_Tour" title="The Celebration Tour">the Celebration Tour</a>, her first greatest hits concert tour, which was set to run from July 2023 to January 2024.<a href="#cite_note-342">[341]</a> The following March, it was announced that she would collaborate on three songs of the <a href="/wiki/Christine_and_the_Queens" class="mw-redirect" title="Christine and the Queens">Christine and the Queens</a> album <a href="/wiki/Paranoia,_Angels,_True_Love" title="Paranoia, Angels, True Love">Paranoïa, Angels, True Love</a>.<a href="#cite_note-343">[342]</a> On June 2, 2023, Madonna collaborated with <a href="/wiki/The_Weeknd" title="The Weeknd">The Weeknd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Playboi_Carti" title="Playboi Carti">Playboi Carti</a> on the single "<a href="/wiki/Popular_(The_Weeknd,_Playboi_Carti_and_Madonna_song)" title="Popular (The Weeknd, Playboi Carti and Madonna song)">Popular</a>", which was taken from the <a href="/wiki/The_Idol_Vol._1" class="mw-redirect" title="The Idol Vol. 1">soundtrack</a> to the drama series <a href="/wiki/The_Idol_(TV_series)" title="The Idol (TV series)">The Idol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-344">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a> On June 24, 2023, Madonna was hospitalized<a href="#cite_note-auto-348">[347]</a> after being found unresponsive in her New York City apartment.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-349">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-348">[347]</a> She was treated in the intensive care unit and was intubated.<a href="#cite_note-auto-348">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a> Madonna spent five days in the hospital to receive treatment for a "serious bacterial infection" following a low-grade fever. As a result, the initial North American leg of her Celebration Tour was postponed.<a href="#cite_note-351">[350]</a> In December 2023, Madonna stated that she had been in a medically induced coma for 48 hours during her hospitalization.<a href="#cite_note-352">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[353]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna,_The_Celebration_Tour,_Centre_Bell,_Montr%C3%A9al,_20_January_2024_(23)_(53487564156).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Madonna%2C_The_Celebration_Tour%2C_Centre_Bell%2C_Montr%C3%A9al%2C_20_January_2024_%2823%29_%2853487564156%29.jpg/220px-Madonna%2C_The_Celebration_Tour%2C_Centre_Bell%2C_Montr%C3%A9al%2C_20_January_2024_%2823%29_%2853487564156%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Madonna%2C_The_Celebration_Tour%2C_Centre_Bell%2C_Montr%C3%A9al%2C_20_January_2024_%2823%29_%2853487564156%29.jpg/330px-Madonna%2C_The_Celebration_Tour%2C_Centre_Bell%2C_Montr%C3%A9al%2C_20_January_2024_%2823%29_%2853487564156%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Madonna%2C_The_Celebration_Tour%2C_Centre_Bell%2C_Montr%C3%A9al%2C_20_January_2024_%2823%29_%2853487564156%29.jpg/440px-Madonna%2C_The_Celebration_Tour%2C_Centre_Bell%2C_Montr%C3%A9al%2C_20_January_2024_%2823%29_%2853487564156%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>Madonna performing in 2024</figcaption></figure> On September 12, 2023, the commercial Madonna made in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Pepsi" title="Pepsi">Pepsi</a> in 1989 aired during the commercial break of the <a href="/wiki/2023_MTV_Video_Music_Awards" title="2023 MTV Video Music Awards">2023 MTV Video Music Awards</a>. The commercial had been banned due to Madonna's music video for "Like A Prayer", showing her kissing a black saint and <a href="/wiki/Cross_burning" title="Cross burning">burning crosses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-355">[354]</a> In a statement, Madonna said: "34 years ago I made a commercial with Pepsi to celebrate the release of my song [...] The commercial was immediately canceled when I refused to change any scenes in the video where I was kissing a black saint or burning crosses. So began my illustrious career as an artist refusing to compromise my artistic integrity [...] artists are here to disturb the peace."<a href="#cite_note-356">[355]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Celebration_Tour" title="The Celebration Tour">The Celebration Tour</a> began on October 14, 2023, at <a href="/wiki/The_O2_Arena" title="The O2 Arena">the O2 Arena</a> in London. It was greeted with critical acclaim.<a href="#cite_note-357">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[359]</a> The tour ended with a free concert at <a href="/wiki/Copacabana,_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro">Copacabana</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>. The concert was attended by 1.6 million people, which makes it <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concerts" title="List of most-attended concerts">the biggest standalone concert of all time</a>.<a href="#cite_note-361">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-record1-362">[361]</a> The tour grossed $225.4 million from 80 shows, making Madonna the first female artist to gross over $100 million in six different tours.<a href="#cite_note-363">[362]</a> After the end of the tour, Madonna reportedly restarted work on her biographical film. The project, with Julia Garner still on the lead, is now called Who's That Girl.<a href="#cite_note-WTGtitle-364">[363]</a> In 2023, Madonna's older brother Anthony died at 66.<a href="#cite_note-365">[364]</a> Her younger brother Christopher also died the following year on October 4, 2024, in <a href="/wiki/Petoskey,_Michigan" title="Petoskey, Michigan">Petoskey, Michigan</a> at age 63 from <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a>, according to a statement from his family.<a href="#cite_note-relativesdie-366">[365]</a> He died just two weeks after the death of their stepmother Joan.<a href="#cite_note-relativesdie-366">[365]</a> On October 6, Madonna dedicated a lengthy <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> post to him saying, "I admired him [...] We found our way back to each other. I did my best to keep him alive as long as possible. He was in so much pain towards the end [...] There will never be anyone like him".<a href="#cite_note-GrdnAP2024-367">[366]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistry">Artistry</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influences">Influences</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:412px;max-width:412px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Harlow-jean_swim1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Harlow-jean_swim1934.jpg/170px-Harlow-jean_swim1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Harlow-jean_swim1934.jpg/255px-Harlow-jean_swim1934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Harlow-jean_swim1934.jpg/340px-Harlow-jean_swim1934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="2471" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Frida_Kahlo,_by_Guillermo_Kahlo_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Frida_Kahlo%2C_by_Guillermo_Kahlo_2.jpg/119px-Frida_Kahlo%2C_by_Guillermo_Kahlo_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Frida_Kahlo%2C_by_Guillermo_Kahlo_2.jpg/179px-Frida_Kahlo%2C_by_Guillermo_Kahlo_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Frida_Kahlo%2C_by_Guillermo_Kahlo_2.jpg/238px-Frida_Kahlo%2C_by_Guillermo_Kahlo_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="857" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:113px;max-width:113px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Bowie_-_Zagreb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/David_Bowie_-_Zagreb.jpg/111px-David_Bowie_-_Zagreb.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/David_Bowie_-_Zagreb.jpg/167px-David_Bowie_-_Zagreb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/David_Bowie_-_Zagreb.jpg/222px-David_Bowie_-_Zagreb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="3060" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">From left to right: Madonna has been inspired by movie stars such as <a href="/wiki/Jean_Harlow" title="Jean Harlow">Jean Harlow</a> (pictured in 1934) to art-world figures such as <a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Frida Kahlo</a> (1926), aside from musicians like <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> (1990).</div></div></div></div> Madonna has called <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Sinatra" title="Nancy Sinatra">Nancy Sinatra</a> one of her idols. She said Sinatra's "<a href="/wiki/These_Boots_Are_Made_for_Walkin%27" title="These Boots Are Made for Walkin'">These Boots Are Made for Walkin'</a>" made a major impression on her.<a href="#cite_note-hot-368">[367]</a> As a young woman, she attempted to broaden her taste in literature, art, and music, and during this time became interested in classical music. She noted that her favorite style was <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">baroque</a>, and loved <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a> because she liked their "feminine quality".<a href="#cite_note-369">[368]</a> Madonna's major influences include <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Harry" title="Debbie Harry">Debbie Harry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrissie_Hynde" title="Chrissie Hynde">Chrissie Hynde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patti_Smith" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karen_Carpenter" title="Karen Carpenter">Karen Carpenter</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">the Supremes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a>, as well as dancers <a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Nureyev" title="Rudolf Nureyev">Rudolf Nureyev</a>.<a href="#cite_note-376">[b]</a> She also grew up listening to <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>, whose show was the first rock concert she ever attended.<a href="#cite_note-377">[375]</a> Another inspiration is American writer <a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a>, whose quote "artists are here to disturb the peace" is frequently used by Madonna.<a href="#cite_note-378">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[377]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Historians, musicians, and anthropologists trace her influences—from African American gospel music to Japanese fashion, Middle Eastern spirituality to feminist art history—and the ways she borrows, adapts, and interprets them. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a> on Madonna's influences.<a href="#cite_note-Natgeo-380">[378]</a></cite> </div> During her childhood, Madonna was inspired by actors, later saying, "I loved Carole Lombard and Judy Holliday and Marilyn Monroe. They were all incredibly funny, and they were silly and sweet and they were girls and they were feminine and sexy. I just saw myself in them, my funniness and my need to boss people around and at the same time be taken care of. My girlishness. My knowingness and my innocence. Both."<a href="#cite_note-hot-368">[367]</a> Her "Material Girl" music video recreated Monroe's look in the song "<a href="/wiki/Diamonds_Are_a_Girl%27s_Best_Friend" title="Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend">Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend</a>", from the film <a href="/wiki/Gentlemen_Prefer_Blondes_(1953_film)" title="Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film)">Gentlemen Prefer Blondes</a> (1953). She studied the screwball comedies of the 1930s, particularly those of Lombard, in preparation for the film Who's That Girl. The video for "Express Yourself" (1989) was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a> (1927). The video for "Vogue" recreated the style of <a href="/wiki/Glamour_(presentation)" title="Glamour (presentation)">Hollywood glamour</a> photographs, in particular those by <a href="/wiki/Horst_P._Horst" title="Horst P. Horst">Horst P. Horst</a>, and imitated the poses of <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a>, Carole Lombard, and <a href="/wiki/Rita_Hayworth" title="Rita Hayworth">Rita Hayworth</a>, while the lyrics referred to many of the stars who had inspired her, including <a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a>, described by Madonna as an idol.<a href="#cite_note-carrie-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-381">[379]</a> Influences also came to her from <a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_contemporary_arts" title="Madonna and contemporary arts">the art world</a>, such as through the works of Mexican artist <a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Frida Kahlo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-382">[380]</a> The music video of the song "Bedtime Story" featured images inspired by the paintings of Kahlo and <a href="/wiki/Remedios_Varo" title="Remedios Varo">Remedios Varo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-383">[381]</a> Madonna is also a collector of <a href="/wiki/Tamara_de_Lempicka" title="Tamara de Lempicka">Tamara de Lempicka</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> paintings and has included them in her music videos and tours.<a href="#cite_note-384">[382]</a> Her video for "<a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(Madonna_song)" title="Hollywood (Madonna song)">Hollywood</a>" (2003) was an homage to the work of photographer <a href="/wiki/Guy_Bourdin" title="Guy Bourdin">Guy Bourdin</a>; Bourdin's son subsequently filed a lawsuit for unauthorized use of his father's work.<a href="#cite_note-385">[383]</a> Pop artist <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>'s use of sadomasochistic imagery in his underground films were reflected in the music videos for "Erotica" and "Deeper and Deeper".<a href="#cite_note-386">[384]</a> Madonna's Catholic background has been reflected throughout her career, from her fashion use of <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">rosary</a> to her musical outputs, including on Like a Prayer (1989).<a href="#cite_note-387">[385]</a><a href="#cite_note-fouz-388">[386]</a> Her album MDNA (2012) has also drawn many influences from her Catholic upbringing, and since 2011 she has been attending meetings and services at an <a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a> center, a Catholic institution that encourages spirituality through everyday life.<a href="#cite_note-389">[387]</a> In a 2016 interview, she commented: "I always feel some kind of inexplicable connection with Catholicism. It kind of shows up in all of my work, as you may have noticed."<a href="#cite_note-390">[388]</a> Her study of the <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a> was also observed in Madonna's music, especially albums like Ray of Light and Music.<a href="#cite_note-kab-391">[389]</a> Speaking of religion in a 2019 interview with <a href="/wiki/Harry_Smith_(American_journalist)" title="Harry Smith (American journalist)">Harry Smith</a> of <a href="/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)" title="Today (American TV program)">Today</a> Madonna stated, "The God that I believe in, created the world ... He/Her/They [sic] isn't a God to fear, it's a God to give thanks to." In an appearance on <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Denton%27s_Interview" title="Andrew Denton's Interview">Andrew Denton's Interview</a> she added, "The idea that in any church you go, you see a <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">man on a cross</a> and everyone genuflects and prays to him ... in a way it's <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">paganism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idolatry</a> because people are worshipping a thing."<a href="#cite_note-392">[390]</a><a href="#cite_note-393">[391]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_style_and_composition">Musical style and composition</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> [Madonna] is a brilliant pop melodist and lyricist. I was knocked out by the quality of the writing [during Ray of Light sessions]... I know she grew up on <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown</a>, and to my ears she embodies the best of both worlds. She is a wonderful confessional songwriter, as well as being a superb hit chorus pop writer. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Rick_Nowels" title="Rick Nowels">Rick Nowels</a>, on co-writing with Madonna.<a href="#cite_note-394">[392]</a></cite> </div> Madonna's music has been the subject of much analysis and scrutiny. <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Grant_(economist)" title="Robert M. Grant (economist)">Robert M. Grant</a>, author of Contemporary Strategy Analysis (2005), commented that Madonna's musical career has been a continuous experimentation with new musical ideas and new images and a constant quest for new heights of fame and acclaim.<a href="#cite_note-395">[393]</a> Thomas Harrison in the book Pop Goes the Decade: The Eighties deemed Madonna "an artist who pushed the boundaries" of what a female singer could do, both visually and lyrically.<a href="#cite_note-396">[394]</a> Professor Santiago Fouz-Hernández asserted, "While not gifted with an especially powerful or wide-ranging voice, Madonna has worked to expand her artistic palette to encompass diverse musical, textual and visual styles and various vocal guises, all with the intention of presenting herself as a mature musician."<a href="#cite_note-fouz55-397">[395]</a> Madonna has remained in charge in every aspect of her career, including as a writer and producer in most of her own music.<a href="#cite_note-Rolling_Biography-398">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-music_credit-399">[397]</a> Her desire for control had already been seen during the making of her debut album, where she fought Reggie Lucas over his production output. However, it was not until her third album that Warner allowed Madonna to produce her own album.<a href="#cite_note-400">[398]</a> Stan Hawkins, author of Settling the Pop Score explained, "it is as musician and producer that Madonna is one of the few female artists to have broken into the male domain of the recording studio. Undoubtedly, Madonna is fully aware that women have been excluded from the musical workplace on most levels, and has set out to change this."<a href="#cite_note-401">[399]</a> Producer <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Price" title="Stuart Price">Stuart Price</a> stated: "You don't produce Madonna, you collaborate with her... She has her vision and knows how to get it."<a href="#cite_note-402">[400]</a> Despite being labeled a "control freak", Madonna has said that she valued input from her collaborators.<a href="#cite_note-403">[401]</a> She further explained: <blockquote> I like to have control over most of the things in my career but I'm not a <a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">tyrant</a>. I don't have to have it on my album that it's written, arranged, produced, directed, and stars Madonna. To me, to have total control means you can lose objectivity. What I like is to be surrounded by really, talented intelligent people that you can trust. And ask them for their advice and get their input.<a href="#cite_note-404">[402]</a> </blockquote> Madonna's early songwriting skill was developed during her time with the <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Club_(band)" title="Breakfast Club (band)">Breakfast Club</a> in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-goldmine-405">[403]</a> She subsequently became the sole writer of five songs on her debut album, including "Lucky Star" which she composed on synthesizer.<a href="#cite_note-zollo616-406">[404]</a> As a songwriter, Madonna has registered more than 300 tracks to <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Composers,_Authors_and_Publishers" title="American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers">American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers</a> (ASCAP), including 18 songs written entirely by herself.<a href="#cite_note-407">[405]</a> Rolling Stone has named her "an exemplary songwriter with a gift for <a href="/wiki/Hook_(music)" title="Hook (music)">hooks</a> and indelible lyrics."<a href="#cite_note-408">[406]</a> Despite having worked with producers across many genres, the magazine noted that Madonna's compositions have been "consistently stamped with her own sensibility and inflected with autobiographical detail."<a href="#cite_note-RSsongwriters-409">[407]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leonard" title="Patrick Leonard">Patrick Leonard</a>, who co-wrote many of her hit songs, called Madonna "a <a href="/wiki/Helluva" class="mw-redirect" title="Helluva">helluva</a> songwriter", explaining: "Her sensibility about <a href="/wiki/Melody_type" title="Melody type">melodic line</a>—from the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Verse_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verse (music)">verse</a> to the end of the verse and how the verse and the chorus influence each other—is very deep. Many times she's singing notes that no one would've thought of but her."<a href="#cite_note-410">[408]</a> Barry Walters from <a href="/wiki/Spin_(magazine)" title="Spin (magazine)">Spin</a> credited her songwriting as the reason of her musical consistency.<a href="#cite_note-411">[409]</a> Madonna has been nominated for being inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Songwriters Hall of Fame">Songwriters Hall of Fame</a> three times.<a href="#cite_note-412">[410]</a> In 2015, Rolling Stone ranked Madonna at number 56 on the "100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time" list.<a href="#cite_note-RSsongwriters-409">[407]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_-_live_to_tell.ogg" title="File:Madonna - live to tell.ogg">"Live to Tell" (1986)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="Madonna_-_live_to_tell.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/61/Madonna_-_live_to_tell.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/6/61/Madonna_-_live_to_tell.ogg/Madonna_-_live_to_tell.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Madonna wrote all the lyrics and partial melodies of "Live to Tell", an <a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult contemporary">adult contemporary</a> ballad, which was noted as her first musical reinvention.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-413">[411]</a></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_-_ray_of_light.ogg" title="File:Madonna - ray of light.ogg">"Ray of Light" (1998)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="Madonna_-_ray_of_light.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d6/Madonna_-_ray_of_light.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/d/d6/Madonna_-_ray_of_light.ogg/Madonna_-_ray_of_light.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">An uptempo <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic dance">electronic dance</a> song, "Ray of Light" showcases Madonna's post-Evita upper <a href="/wiki/Vocal_register" title="Vocal register">vocal register</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vocal-414">[412]</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> Madonna's discography is generally categorized as pop, <a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">electronica</a>, and dance.<a href="#cite_note-fouz4-415">[413]</a><a href="#cite_note-416">[414]</a> Nevertheless, Madonna's first foray into the music industry was dabbling in rock music with Breakfast Club and Emmy.<a href="#cite_note-rock_star-417">[415]</a> As the frontwoman of Emmy, Madonna recorded about 12–14 songs that resemble the punk rock of that period.<a href="#cite_note-goldmine-405">[403]</a> Madonna soon abandoned playing rock songs by the time she signed to <a href="/wiki/Gotham_Records" title="Gotham Records">Gotham Records</a>, which eventually dropped her since they were unhappy with her new <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a> direction.<a href="#cite_note-418">[416]</a> According to Erlewine, Madonna began her career as a <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> diva, in an era that did not have any such divas to speak of. In the beginning of the 1980s, disco was an anathema to the mainstream pop, and Madonna had a huge role in popularizing dance music as mainstream music.<a href="#cite_note-419">[417]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arie_Kaplan" title="Arie Kaplan">Arie Kaplan</a> in the book American Pop: Hit Makers, Superstars, and Dance Revolutionaries referred to Madonna as "a pioneer" of <a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">dance-pop</a>.<a href="#cite_note-420">[418]</a> According to Fouz-Hernández, "Madonna's frequent use of dance idioms and subsequent association with gay or sexually liberated audiences, is seen as somehow inferior to 'real' <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>. But Madonna's music refuses to be defined by narrow boundaries of gender, sexuality or anything else."<a href="#cite_note-fouz55-397">[395]</a> The "cold and emotional" <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">ballad</a> "Live to Tell", as well as its parent album True Blue (1986), is noted as Madonna's first musical reinvention.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-413">[411]</a> <a href="/wiki/PopMatters" title="PopMatters">PopMatters</a> writer Peter Piatkowski described it as a "very deliberate effort to present Madonna as a mature and serious artist."<a href="#cite_note-PopMattersTrueBlue35-421">[419]</a> She continued producing ballads in between her upbeat material, although albums such as Madonna (1983) and Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005) consist of entirely dance tracks.<a href="#cite_note-422">[420]</a><a href="#cite_note-423">[421]</a> With Ray of Light (1998), critics acknowledged Madonna for bringing electronica from its underground status into massive popularity in mainstream music scene.<a href="#cite_note-underground-424">[422]</a> Her other sonically drastic ventures include the 1930s <a href="/wiki/Big-band" class="mw-redirect" title="Big-band">big-band</a> <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> on I'm Breathless (1990);<a href="#cite_note-425">[423]</a> lush <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a> on Bedtime Stories (1994);<a href="#cite_note-426">[424]</a> operatic <a href="/wiki/Show_tunes" class="mw-redirect" title="Show tunes">show tunes</a> on Evita (1996);<a href="#cite_note-427">[425]</a> guitar-driven <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> on American Life (2003);<a href="#cite_note-428">[426]</a> as well as multilingual <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a> on Madame X (2019).<a href="#cite_note-429">[427]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voice_and_instruments">Voice and instruments</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HungUpSticky3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Madonna in a silver dress, playing electric guitar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/HungUpSticky3.jpg/170px-HungUpSticky3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/HungUpSticky3.jpg/255px-HungUpSticky3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/HungUpSticky3.jpg/340px-HungUpSticky3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="1083" /></a><figcaption>Madonna playing the <a href="/wiki/Riff" title="Riff">guitar riff</a> of "A New Level" by <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Pantera" title="Pantera">Pantera</a> during the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Sticky_%26_Sweet_Tour" title="Sticky & Sweet Tour">Sticky & Sweet Tour</a><a href="#cite_note-430">[428]</a></figcaption></figure> Possessing a <a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">mezzo-soprano</a> <a href="/wiki/Vocal_range" title="Vocal range">vocal range</a>,<a href="#cite_note-431">[429]</a><a href="#cite_note-432">[430]</a> Madonna has always been self-conscious about her voice.<a href="#cite_note-fouzvocal-433">[431]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Bego" title="Mark Bego">Mark Bego</a>, author of Madonna: Blonde Ambition, called her "the perfect vocalist for lighter-than-air songs", despite not being a "heavyweight talent".<a href="#cite_note-434">[432]</a> According to Tony Sclafani from <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>, "Madonna's vocals are the key to her rock roots. Pop vocalists usually sing songs 'straight', but Madonna employs subtext, <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">irony</a>, aggression and all sorts of vocal idiosyncrasies in the ways <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> did."<a href="#cite_note-rock_star-417">[415]</a> Madonna used a bright, girlish vocal <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a> in her early albums which became passé in her later works. The change was deliberate since she was constantly reminded of how the critics had once labeled her as "<a href="/wiki/Minnie_Mouse" title="Minnie Mouse">Minnie Mouse</a> on <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>".<a href="#cite_note-fouzvocal-433">[431]</a> During the filming of Evita (1996), Madonna had to take vocal lessons, which increased her range further. Of this experience she commented, "I studied with a vocal coach for Evita and I realized there was a whole piece of my voice I wasn't using. Before, I just believed I had a really limited range and was going to make the most of it."<a href="#cite_note-vocal-414">[412]</a> Besides singing, Madonna has the ability to play several musical instruments. Piano was the first instrument taught to her as a child.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200147-29">[28]</a> In the late 1970s, she learned to play drum and guitar from her then-boyfriend Dan Gilroy, before joining the Breakfast Club lineup as the drummer.<a href="#cite_note-Gnojewski57-435">[433]</a> She later played guitar with the band Emmy as well as on her own <a href="/wiki/Demo_(music)" title="Demo (music)">demo recordings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Premadonna-436">[434]</a> After her career breakthrough, Madonna was absent performing with guitar for years, but she is credited for playing <a href="/wiki/Cowbell_(instrument)" title="Cowbell (instrument)">cowbell</a> on Madonna (1983) and synthesizer on Like a Prayer (1989).<a href="#cite_note-music_credit-399">[397]</a> In 1999, Madonna had studied for three months to play the violin for the role as a violin teacher in the film <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Heart" title="Music of the Heart">Music of the Heart</a>, but she eventually left the project before filming began.<a href="#cite_note-437">[435]</a> Madonna decided to perform with guitar again during the promotion of Music (2000) and recruited guitarist <a href="/wiki/Monte_Pittman" title="Monte Pittman">Monte Pittman</a> to help improve her skill.<a href="#cite_note-438">[436]</a> Since then, Madonna has played guitar on every tour, as well as her studio albums.<a href="#cite_note-music_credit-399">[397]</a> She received a nomination for Les Paul Horizon Award at the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Guitar_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibson Guitar Corporation">Orville H. Gibson Guitar Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-439">[437]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_videos_and_performances">Music videos and performances</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Madonna_videography" title="Madonna videography">Madonna videography</a></div> In The Madonna Companion, biographers Allen Metz and Carol Benson noted that Madonna had used MTV and music videos to establish her popularity and enhance her recorded work more than any other recent pop artist.<a href="#cite_note-metz2-440">[438]</a> According to them, many of her songs have the imagery of the music video in strong context, while referring to the music. Cultural critic <a href="/wiki/Mark_C._Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Mark C. Taylor (philosopher)">Mark C. Taylor</a> in his book Nots (1993) felt that the <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">postmodern art</a> form par excellence is the video and the reigning "queen of video" is Madonna. He further asserted that "the most remarkable creation of MTV is Madonna. The responses to Madonna's excessively provocative videos have been predictably contradictory."<a href="#cite_note-441">[439]</a> The media and public reaction towards her most-discussed songs such as "Papa Don't Preach", "Like a Prayer", or "Justify My Love" had to do with the music videos created to promote the songs and their impact, rather than the songs themselves.<a href="#cite_note-metz2-440">[438]</a> Morton felt that "artistically, Madonna's songwriting is often overshadowed by her striking pop videos."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200115-442">[440]</a> In 2003, MTV named her "The Greatest Music Video Star Ever" and said that "Madonna's innovation, creativity, and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award."<a href="#cite_note-443">[441]</a><a href="#cite_note-444">[442]</a> In 2020, Billboard ranked her atop the 100 Greatest Music Video Artists of All Time.<a href="#cite_note-445">[443]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:220px;max-width:220px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:VogueBlondAmbitionUndergGround_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Madonna dancing with a group of dancers wearing black outfits" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/VogueBlondAmbitionUndergGround_%28cropped%29.jpg/218px-VogueBlondAmbitionUndergGround_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/VogueBlondAmbitionUndergGround_%28cropped%29.jpg/327px-VogueBlondAmbitionUndergGround_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/VogueBlondAmbitionUndergGround_%28cropped%29.jpg/436px-VogueBlondAmbitionUndergGround_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="306" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:220px;max-width:220px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:163px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_-_Rebel_Heart_Tour_Cologne_2_(22851518577).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Madonna in a jeweled black dress playing a ukulele while singing to a microphone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Madonna_-_Rebel_Heart_Tour_Cologne_2_%2822851518577%29.jpg/218px-Madonna_-_Rebel_Heart_Tour_Cologne_2_%2822851518577%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Madonna_-_Rebel_Heart_Tour_Cologne_2_%2822851518577%29.jpg/327px-Madonna_-_Rebel_Heart_Tour_Cologne_2_%2822851518577%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Madonna_-_Rebel_Heart_Tour_Cologne_2_%2822851518577%29.jpg/436px-Madonna_-_Rebel_Heart_Tour_Cologne_2_%2822851518577%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Madonna's live performances vary from choreographed routines such as <a href="/wiki/Vogue_(dance)" title="Vogue (dance)">voguing</a> (above) to stripped-down ones with only a <a href="/wiki/Ukulele" title="Ukulele">ukulele</a> (below).</div></div></div></div> Madonna's initial music videos reflected her American and <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a> mixed street style combined with a flamboyant glamour.<a href="#cite_note-metz2-440">[438]</a> She was able to transmit her avant-garde <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Downtown Manhattan</a> fashion sense to the American audience.<a href="#cite_note-446">[444]</a> The imagery and incorporation of Hispanic culture and Catholic symbolism continued with the music videos from the True Blue era.<a href="#cite_note-447">[445]</a> Author <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Kellner" title="Douglas Kellner">Douglas Kellner</a> noted, "such 'multiculturalism' and her culturally transgressive moves turned out to be highly successful moves that endeared her to large and varied youth audiences."<a href="#cite_note-448">[446]</a> Madonna's Spanish look in the videos became the fashion trend of that time, in the form of boleros and layered skirts, accessorizing with rosary beads and a crucifix as in the video of "La Isla Bonita".<a href="#cite_note-449">[447]</a><a href="#cite_note-450">[448]</a> Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex.<a href="#cite_note-451">[449]</a> This symbolism and imagery was probably the most prevalent in the music video for "Like a Prayer". The video included scenes of an African-American church choir, Madonna being attracted to a black saint statue, and singing in front of burning crosses.<a href="#cite_note-452">[450]</a> Madonna's acting performances in films have frequently received poor reviews from film critics. Stephanie Zacharek stated in Time that, "[Madonna] seems wooden and unnatural as an actress, and it's tough to watch because she's clearly trying her damnedest." According to biographer <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Morton_(writer)" title="Andrew Morton (writer)">Andrew Morton</a>, "Madonna puts a brave face on the criticism, but privately she is deeply hurt."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2001218-453">[451]</a> After the critically panned <a href="/wiki/Box-office_bomb" title="Box-office bomb">box-office bomb</a> Swept Away (2002), Madonna vowed never to act again in a film.<a href="#cite_note-454">[452]</a> While reviewing her career retrospective titled Body of Work (2016) at New York's <a href="/wiki/Metrograph" title="Metrograph">Metrograph</a> hall, The Guardian's Nigel M. Smith wrote that Madonna's film career suffered mostly due to lack of proper material supplied to her, and she otherwise "could steal a scene for all the right reasons".<a href="#cite_note-filmcareerretro-455">[453]</a> Metz noted that Madonna represents a <a href="/wiki/Paradox" title="Paradox">paradox</a> as she is often perceived as living her whole life as a performance. While her big-screen performances are panned, her live performances are critical successes.<a href="#cite_note-456">[454]</a> Madonna was the first artist to have her concert tours as reenactments of her music videos. Author Elin Diamond explained that reciprocally, the fact that images from Madonna's videos can be recreated in a live setting enhances the original videos' realism. She believed that "her live performances have become the means by which mediatized representations are naturalized".<a href="#cite_note-457">[455]</a> Taraborrelli said that encompassing multimedia, latest technology and sound systems, Madonna's concerts and live performances are "extravagant show piece[s], [and] walking art show[s]."<a href="#cite_note-458">[456]</a> Chris Nelson from <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> commented that "artists like Madonna and <a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> set new standards for showmanship, with concerts that included not only elaborate costumes and precision-timed pyrotechnics but also highly athletic dancing. These effects came at the expense of live singing."<a href="#cite_note-sync-459">[457]</a> Thor Christensen of <a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</a> commented that while Madonna earned a reputation for <a href="/wiki/Lip_sync" title="Lip sync">lip-syncing</a> during her 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour, she has subsequently reorganized her performances by "stay[ing] mostly still during her toughest singing parts and [leaves] the dance routines to her backup troupe ... [r]ather than try to croon and dance up a storm at the same time."<a href="#cite_note-lip-sync-460">[458]</a> To allow for greater movement while dancing and singing, Madonna was one of the earliest adopters of hands-free radio-frequency <a href="/wiki/Headset_(audio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Headset (audio)">headset microphones</a>, with the headset fastened over the ears or the top of the head, and the microphone capsule on a boom arm that extended to the mouth. Because of her prominent usage, the microphone design came to be known as the "Madonna mic".<a href="#cite_note-461">[459]</a><a href="#cite_note-462">[460]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Madonna" title="Cultural impact of Madonna">Cultural impact of Madonna</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:20%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> She's a major <a href="/wiki/Historical_figure" title="Historical figure">historical figure</a> and when she passes, the retrospectives will loom larger and larger in history. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Academic <a href="/wiki/Camille_Paglia" title="Camille Paglia">Camille Paglia</a> on Madonna (2017).<a href="#cite_note-Paglia2017-463">[461]</a></cite> </div> Madonna has built a legacy that transcends music and has been studied by <a href="/wiki/Sociologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociologist">sociologists</a>, historians, and other scholars, contributing to the rise of <a href="/wiki/Madonna_studies" title="Madonna studies">Madonna studies</a>, a subfield of American <a href="/wiki/Cultural_studies" title="Cultural studies">cultural studies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-464">[462]</a><a href="#cite_note-Orlando-465">[463]</a><a href="#cite_note-hall2006-466">[464]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Fres%C3%A1n" title="Rodrigo Fresán">Rodrigo Fresán</a>, "saying that Madonna is just a pop star is as inappropriate as saying that <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> is just a <a href="/wiki/Soft_drink" title="Soft drink">soda</a>. Madonna is one of the classic symbols of <a href="/wiki/Made_in_USA" title="Made in USA">Made in USA</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Fresan88-467">[465]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> Spain wrote, "She became the first master of <a href="/wiki/Viral_phenomenon" title="Viral phenomenon">viral pop</a> in history, years before the internet was massively used. Madonna was everywhere; in the almighty music television channels, 'radio formulas', magazine covers and even in bookstores. A pop dialectic, never seen since <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>'s reign, which allowed her to keep on the edge of trend and commerciality."<a href="#cite_note-468">[466]</a> William Langley from <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> felt that "Madonna has changed the world's <a href="/wiki/Social_history" title="Social history">social history</a>, has done more things as more different people than anyone else is ever likely to."<a href="#cite_note-469">[467]</a> Professor Diane Pecknold noted that "nearly any poll of the biggest, greatest, or best in popular culture includes [Madonna's] name".<a href="#cite_note-hall2006-466">[464]</a> In 2012, <a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a> ranked Madonna as the <a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_(TV_series)" title="The Greatest (TV series)">greatest woman in music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-470">[468]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_at_Madame_Tussauds_Hong_Kong_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A wax figure with a long ponytail and her large cone bra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Madonna_at_Madame_Tussauds_Hong_Kong_%28retouched%29.jpg/170px-Madonna_at_Madame_Tussauds_Hong_Kong_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Madonna_at_Madame_Tussauds_Hong_Kong_%28retouched%29.jpg/255px-Madonna_at_Madame_Tussauds_Hong_Kong_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Madonna_at_Madame_Tussauds_Hong_Kong_%28retouched%29.jpg/340px-Madonna_at_Madame_Tussauds_Hong_Kong_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="1225" /></a><figcaption>Wax figure of Madonna at <a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds_Hong_Kong" title="Madame Tussauds Hong Kong">Madame Tussauds</a> museum in Hong Kong</figcaption></figure> Spin writer Bianca Gracie stated that "the '<a href="/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">Queen of Pop</a>' isn't enough to describe Madonna—she is Pop. [She] formulated the <a href="/wiki/Blueprint" title="Blueprint">blueprint</a> of what a pop star should be."<a href="#cite_note-471">[469]</a> According to Sclafani, "It's worth noting that before Madonna, most music mega-stars were guy rockers; after her, almost all would be female singers ... When the Beatles hit America, they changed the paradigm of performer from solo act to band. Madonna changed it back—with an emphasis on the female."<a href="#cite_note-472">[470]</a> Howard Kramer, curatorial director of the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>, asserted that "Madonna and the career she carved out for herself made possible virtually every other female pop singer to follow ... She certainly raised the standards of all of them ... She redefined what the parameters were for female performers."<a href="#cite_note-473">[471]</a> Andy Bennett and Steve Waksman, authors of The SAGE Handbook of Popular Music (2014), noted that "almost all female pop stars of recent years—<a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>, and others—acknowledge the important influence of Madonna on their own careers."<a href="#cite_note-fouz4-415">[413]</a> Madonna has also influenced male artists, inspiring rock frontmen <a href="/wiki/Liam_Gallagher" title="Liam Gallagher">Liam Gallagher</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chester_Bennington" title="Chester Bennington">Chester Bennington</a> of <a href="/wiki/Linkin_Park" title="Linkin Park">Linkin Park</a> to become musicians,<a href="#cite_note-474">[472]</a><a href="#cite_note-475">[473]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Tom_Aspaul" title="Tom Aspaul">Tom Aspaul</a>,<a href="#cite_note-muumuse_2020-09-476">[474]</a><a href="/wiki/Ian_%22H%22_Watkins" title="Ian "H" Watkins">Ian "H" Watkins</a> of <a href="/wiki/Steps_(pop_group)" title="Steps (pop group)">Steps</a>,<a href="#cite_note-477">[475]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jake_Shears" title="Jake Shears">Jake Shears</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scissor_Sisters" title="Scissor Sisters">Scissor Sisters</a>,<a href="#cite_note-478">[476]</a><a href="/wiki/Adam_Lambert" title="Adam Lambert">Adam Lambert</a>,<a href="#cite_note-479">[477]</a><a href="#cite_note-out-480">[478]</a><a href="/wiki/Darren_Hayes" title="Darren Hayes">Darren Hayes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Savage_Garden" title="Savage Garden">Savage Garden</a>,<a href="#cite_note-481">[479]</a><a href="/wiki/Troye_Sivan" title="Troye Sivan">Troye Sivan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-482">[480]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kavana_(singer)" title="Kavana (singer)">Kavana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-483">[481]</a> Madonna's <a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_sexuality" title="Madonna and sexuality">use of sexual imagery</a> has benefited her career and catalyzed public discourse on sexuality and <a href="/wiki/Feminism_of_Madonna" title="Feminism of Madonna">feminism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fouz3-484">[482]</a> The Times wrote that she had "started a revolution amongst women in music ... Her attitudes and opinions on sex, nudity, style, and sexuality forced the public to sit up and take notice."<a href="#cite_note-485">[483]</a> Professor <a href="/wiki/John_Fiske_(media_scholar)" title="John Fiske (media scholar)">John Fiske</a> noted that the sense of empowerment that Madonna offers is inextricably connected with the pleasure of exerting some control over the meanings of self, of sexuality, and of one's social relations.<a href="#cite_note-486">[484]</a> In Doing Gender in Media, Art and Culture (2009), the authors noted that Madonna, as a female celebrity, performer, and pop icon, can unsettle standing feminist reflections and debates.<a href="#cite_note-van_der_Tuin-487">[485]</a> According to lesbian feminist <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jeffreys" title="Sheila Jeffreys">Sheila Jeffreys</a>, Madonna represents woman's occupancy of what <a href="/wiki/Monique_Wittig" title="Monique Wittig">Monique Wittig</a> calls the category of sex, as powerful, and appears to gleefully embrace the performance of the sexual <a href="/wiki/Corv%C3%A9e" title="Corvée">corvée</a> allotted to women.<a href="#cite_note-488">[486]</a> Professor <a href="/wiki/Sut_Jhally" title="Sut Jhally">Sut Jhally</a> has referred to her as "an almost sacred feminist icon".<a href="#cite_note-Sut_Jhally-489">[487]</a> Writing for The Guardian, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Cain_(writer)" title="Matt Cain (writer)">Matt Cain</a> stated that Madonna has "broke[n] down social barriers" and brought <a href="/wiki/Marginalized_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginalized groups">marginalized groups</a> to the forefront, by frequently featuring <a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture">LGBT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American culture">Latino</a>, and <a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">black culture</a> in her works.<a href="#cite_note-MattCain2-490">[488]</a> An author said that "by making culture generally available, Madonna becomes the culture of all social classes".<a href="#cite_note-McMillanIndia-491">[489]</a> Canadian professor <a href="/wiki/Karlene_Faith" title="Karlene Faith">Karlene Faith</a> gave her point of view saying that Madonna's peculiarity is that "she has cruised so freely through so many cultural terrains" and she "has been a '<a href="/wiki/Cult_following" title="Cult following">cult figure</a>' within self-propelling subcultures just as she became a major."<a href="#cite_note-Faith-492">[490]</a> <a href="/wiki/GLAAD" title="GLAAD">GLAAD</a> president <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Kate_Ellis" title="Sarah Kate Ellis">Sarah Kate Ellis</a> stated that Madonna "always has and always will be the LGBTQ community's greatest <a href="/wiki/Straight_ally" title="Straight ally">ally</a>",<a href="#cite_note-Ally-493">[491]</a> while <a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(LGBT_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Advocate (LGBT magazine)">The Advocate</a> dubbed her as "<a href="/wiki/Madonna_as_a_gay_icon" title="Madonna as a gay icon">the greatest gay icon</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Advocate-494">[492]</a> Madonna herself stated in 2024, "Aside from my birthday, <a href="/wiki/NYC_Pride_March" title="NYC Pride March">New York Pride</a> is the most important day of the year."<a href="#cite_note-NYCPrideMostImportantDay-495">[493]</a> Madonna has received acclaim as a role model for <a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_business" title="Madonna and business">businesswomen</a>, "achieving the kind of financial control that women had long fought for within the industry", and generating over $1.2 billion in sales within the first decade of her career.<a href="#cite_note-Routledge-496">[494]</a> According to Gini Gorlinski in the book The 100 Most Influential Musicians of All Time (2010), Madonna's levels of power and control were "unprecedented" for a woman in the entertainment industry.<a href="#cite_note-497">[495]</a> <a href="/wiki/London_Business_School" title="London Business School">London Business School</a> academics called her a "dynamic entrepreneur" worth copying; they identified her vision of success, her understanding of the music industry, her ability to recognize her own performance limits (and thus bring in help), her willingness to work hard and her ability to adapt as the keys to her commercial success.<a href="#cite_note-LBS-498">[496]</a> Morton wrote that "Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative, and ruthless—somebody who won't stop until she gets what she wants—and that's something you can get at the expense of maybe losing your close ones. But that hardly mattered to her."<a href="#cite_note-499">[497]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_achievements">Awards and achievements</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Madonna" title="List of awards and nominations received by Madonna">List of awards and nominations received by Madonna</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Madonna_records_and_achievements" title="List of Madonna records and achievements">List of Madonna records and achievements</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna%27s_hands_at_Square_of_Fame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Madonna's handprints in concrete" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Madonna%27s_hands_at_Square_of_Fame.jpg/220px-Madonna%27s_hands_at_Square_of_Fame.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Madonna%27s_hands_at_Square_of_Fame.jpg/330px-Madonna%27s_hands_at_Square_of_Fame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Madonna%27s_hands_at_Square_of_Fame.jpg/440px-Madonna%27s_hands_at_Square_of_Fame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2294" data-file-height="1718" /></a><figcaption>Madonna was the first person to be inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Square_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Wembley Square of Fame">Wembley Square of Fame</a> in London, England.<a href="#cite_note-500">[498]</a></figcaption></figure> Madonna's <a href="/wiki/Net_worth" title="Net worth">net worth</a> is estimated between $800 million and $850 million,<a href="#cite_note-cnnmoney-501">[499]</a><a href="#cite_note-FB-502">[500]</a> which makes her one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth" title="List of music artists by net worth">wealthiest musical artists</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> has named her the annual <a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_highest-earning_musicians#Female" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes list of highest-earning musicians">top-earning female musician</a> 11 times across the 1980s,<a href="#cite_note-503">[501]</a> 1990s,<a href="#cite_note-504">[502]</a> 2000s,<a href="#cite_note-505">[503]</a> and 2010s.<a href="#cite_note-earning2013-284">[283]</a> She has sold over 300 million records worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-506">[504]</a><a href="#cite_note-507">[505]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> acknowledged her as the bestselling female music artist of all time.<a href="#cite_note-508">[506]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a> (RIAA), she is the bestselling female rock artist of the 20th century and the third <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_the_United_States" title="List of highest-certified music artists in the United States">highest-certified female albums artist in the United States</a>, with 65.5 million <a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">certified</a> album units.<a href="#cite_note-509">[507]</a><a href="#cite_note-510">[508]</a> She is tied with <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> for the most <a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">RIAA multi-platinum</a> albums by a female artist.<a href="#cite_note-511">[509]</a> Madonna had generated over US$1.5 billion from ticket sales of her concert tours throughout her career,<a href="#cite_note-512">[510]</a> becoming the first woman to accumulate US$1 billion in concert revenue.<a href="#cite_note-513">[511]</a> Madonna was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists" title="List of highest-grossing live music artists">highest-grossing female touring artist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Poll-514">[512]</a> before being overtaken by Taylor Swift and Beyonce in 2023, according to <a href="/wiki/Pollstar" title="Pollstar">Pollstar</a>. Madonna also remains one of the selected artists to have <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-attended_concerts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest-attended concerts">two solo concerts with 100,000 sold tickets</a>; her <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_World_Tour" title="Who's That Girl World Tour">Who's That Girl World Tour</a>'s concert in <a href="/wiki/Sceaux,_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine">Parc de Sceaux</a>, Paris, drew over 130,000 audience, while her <a href="/wiki/The_Girlie_Show_(Madonna)" title="The Girlie Show (Madonna)">Girlie Show</a>'s concert in <a href="/wiki/Maracan%C3%A3_Stadium" title="Maracanã Stadium">Maracanã Stadium</a>, Rio de Janeiro, drew over 120,000 audience.<a href="#cite_note-paris1987-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-515">[513]</a> The closing performance of <a href="/wiki/The_Celebration_Tour" title="The Celebration Tour">The Celebration Tour</a>, in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro on May 5, 2024, drew over 1,6 million people, becoming the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concerts#Free_concerts" title="List of most-attended concerts">largest audience for a stand-alone concert by any artist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-record1-362">[361]</a> She has also won seven <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Awards</a> and twenty <a href="/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Video Music Award">MTV Video Music Awards</a>, including the 1986 <a href="/wiki/MTV_Video_Vanguard_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Video Vanguard Award">Video Vanguard Award</a> for which she became the first female recipient.<a href="#cite_note-516">[514]</a><a href="#cite_note-517">[515]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>, Madonna is the most successful solo artist in the Hot 100 chart history (second overall behind <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>) and the most successful dance club artist of all time.<a href="#cite_note-518">[516]</a><a href="#cite_note-519">[517]</a> With a total of 50 <a href="/wiki/Dance_Club_Songs" title="Dance Club Songs">Dance Club Songs</a> chart-toppers, Madonna became the artist with the most number ones on any singular <a href="/wiki/Billboard_charts" title="Billboard charts">Billboard chart</a>, pulling ahead of <a href="/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a> with 44 number-one songs on the <a href="/wiki/Hot_Country_Songs" title="Hot Country Songs">Hot Country Songs</a> chart.<a href="#cite_note-DanceRecord-320">[319]</a> She has also scored 38 top-ten singles on the Hot 100; she held the record among all artists for nearly two decades (between 2002 and 2020), before being overtaken by <a href="/wiki/Drake_(musician)" title="Drake (musician)">Drake</a> and by Taylor Swift in 2022 among females.<a href="#cite_note-520">[518]</a><a href="#cite_note-521">[519]</a><a href="#cite_note-522">[520]</a> Internationally, Madonna holds the record for the most number-one singles by a female artist in <a href="/wiki/List_of_artists_by_number_of_Canadian_number-one_singles_(RPM)" title="List of artists by number of Canadian number-one singles (RPM)">Canada</a> (24),<a href="#cite_note-525">[c]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_artists_who_reached_number_one_on_the_Italian_Singles_Chart" title="List of artists who reached number one on the Italian Singles Chart">Italy</a> (23),<a href="#cite_note-528">[d]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_artists_who_reached_number_one_in_Finland" title="List of artists who reached number one in Finland">Finland</a> (7),<a href="#cite_note-529">[525]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_artists_who_reached_number_one_on_the_Spanish_Singles_Chart" title="List of artists who reached number one on the Spanish Singles Chart">Spain</a> (21),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalaverri2005-530">[526]</a><a href="#cite_note-531">[527]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_artists_by_number_of_UK_Singles_Chart_number_ones" class="mw-redirect" title="List of artists by number of UK Singles Chart number ones">United Kingdom</a> (13).<a href="#cite_note-532">[528]</a> At the 40th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/GfK_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="GfK Entertainment">GfK Media Control Charts</a>, Madonna was ranked as the most successful singles artist in German chart history.<a href="#cite_note-533">[529]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Madonna_albums_discography" title="Madonna albums discography">Madonna albums discography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madonna_singles_discography" title="Madonna singles discography">Madonna singles discography</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Madonna" title="List of songs recorded by Madonna">List of songs recorded by Madonna</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_(album)" title="Madonna (album)">Madonna</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Like_a_Virgin_(album)" title="Like a Virgin (album)">Like a Virgin</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Blue_(Madonna_album)" title="True Blue (Madonna album)">True Blue</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Like_a_Prayer_(album)" title="Like a Prayer (album)">Like a Prayer</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotica_(Madonna_album)" title="Erotica (Madonna album)">Erotica</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedtime_Stories_(Madonna_album)" title="Bedtime Stories (Madonna album)">Bedtime Stories</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light" title="Ray of Light">Ray of Light</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_(Madonna_album)" title="Music (Madonna album)">Music</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Life" title="American Life">American Life</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessions_on_a_Dance_Floor" title="Confessions on a Dance Floor">Confessions on a Dance Floor</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Candy_(Madonna_album)" title="Hard Candy (Madonna album)">Hard Candy</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDNA_(album)" title="MDNA (album)">MDNA</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Heart" title="Rebel Heart">Rebel Heart</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_X_(album)" title="Madame X (album)">Madame X</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Madonna_filmography" title="Madonna filmography">Madonna filmography</a></div> Films starred <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desperately_Seeking_Susan" title="Desperately Seeking Susan">Desperately Seeking Susan</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Certain_Sacrifice" title="A Certain Sacrifice">A Certain Sacrifice</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Surprise" title="Shanghai Surprise">Shanghai Surprise</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_(1987_film)" title="Who's That Girl (1987 film)">Who's That Girl</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodhounds_of_Broadway_(1989_film)" title="Bloodhounds of Broadway (1989 film)">Bloodhounds of Broadway</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Tracy_(1990_film)" title="Dick Tracy (1990 film)">Dick Tracy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna:_Truth_or_Dare" title="Madonna: Truth or Dare">Madonna: Truth or Dare</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_League_of_Their_Own" title="A League of Their Own">A League of Their Own</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Evidence_(1993_film)" title="Body of Evidence (1993 film)">Body of Evidence</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangerous_Game_(1993_film)" title="Dangerous Game (1993 film)">Dangerous Game</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Rooms" title="Four Rooms">Four Rooms</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_6" title="Girl 6">Girl 6</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evita_(1996_film)" title="Evita (1996 film)">Evita</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Next_Best_Thing" title="The Next Best Thing">The Next Best Thing</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swept_Away_(2002_film)" title="Swept Away (2002 film)">Swept Away</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Going_to_Tell_You_a_Secret" title="I'm Going to Tell You a Secret">I'm Going to Tell You a Secret</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_and_the_Invisibles" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur and the Invisibles">Arthur and the Invisibles</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_X_(2021_film)" title="Madame X (2021 film)">Madame X</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div> Films directed <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filth_and_Wisdom" title="Filth and Wisdom">Filth and Wisdom</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E." title="W.E.">W.E.</a> (2011)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tours">Tours</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Madonna_concerts" title="List of Madonna concerts">List of Madonna concerts</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_Tour" title="The Virgin Tour">The Virgin Tour</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_World_Tour" title="Who's That Girl World Tour">Who's That Girl World Tour</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blond_Ambition_World_Tour" title="Blond Ambition World Tour">Blond Ambition World Tour</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Girlie_Show_(Madonna)" title="The Girlie Show (Madonna)">The Girlie Show</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drowned_World_Tour" title="Drowned World Tour">Drowned World Tour</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-Invention_World_Tour" title="Re-Invention World Tour">Re-Invention World Tour</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessions_Tour" title="Confessions Tour">Confessions Tour</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticky_%26_Sweet_Tour" title="Sticky & Sweet Tour">Sticky & Sweet Tour</a> (2008–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_MDNA_Tour" title="The MDNA Tour">The MDNA Tour</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Heart_Tour" title="Rebel Heart Tour">Rebel Heart Tour</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_X_Tour" title="Madame X Tour">Madame X Tour</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Celebration_Tour" title="The Celebration Tour">The Celebration Tour</a> (2023–2024)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enterprises">Enterprises</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_business" title="Madonna and business">Madonna and business</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands" title="Madonna fashion brands">Madonna fashion brands</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maverick_(company)" title="Maverick (company)">Maverick</a> (1992–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light_Foundation" title="Ray of Light Foundation">Ray of Light Foundation</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_Malawi" title="Raising Malawi">Raising Malawi</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Candy_Fitness" title="Hard Candy Fitness">Hard Candy Fitness</a> (2010–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_or_Dare_by_Madonna" title="Truth or Dare by Madonna">Truth or Dare by Madonna</a> (2011–2018)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Audio-input-microphone.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Audio-input-microphone.png/28px-Audio-input-microphone.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Audio-input-microphone.png/42px-Audio-input-microphone.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Audio-input-microphone.png/56px-Audio-input-microphone.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pop_music" title="Portal:Pop music">Pop music portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dancers" title="List of dancers">List of dancers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_divorces" title="List of most expensive divorces">List of most expensive divorces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_music_deals" title="List of largest music deals">List of largest music deals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisms_named_after_famous_people_(born_1950%E2%80%93present)" title="List of organisms named after famous people (born 1950–present)">List of organisms named after famous people (born 1950–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in New York City">LGBT culture in New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NYC_Pride_March" title="NYC Pride March">NYC Pride March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy_and_activism_of_Madonna" title="Philanthropy and activism of Madonna">Philanthropy and activism of Madonna</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Madonna goes by her <a href="/wiki/Mononym" title="Mononym">first name</a>, and has used the name and trademark since 1979 according to the <a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a> (WIPO).<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-femaleinfluence-370">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-375">[374]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-525"><a href="#cite_ref-525">^</a> Madonna has more number-one singles than any other act in Canadian music history, with 18 singles during the <a href="/wiki/RPM_(magazine)" title="RPM (magazine)">RPM</a> era, 2 singles during the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100" title="Canadian Hot 100">Canadian Hot 100</a> era, and 4 singles between 2000 and 2007 on the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Singles_Chart" title="Canadian Singles Chart">Canadian Singles Chart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-523">[521]</a><a href="#cite_note-524">[522]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-528"><a href="#cite_ref-528">^</a> Madonna has more number-one singles than any other female artist in Italian music history, with 11 singles during the <a href="/wiki/Musica_e_dischi" title="Musica e dischi">Musica e dischi</a> era and 12 during the <a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">FIMI</a> era.<a href="#cite_note-526">[523]</a><a href="#cite_note-527">[524]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGeneva2000" class="citation news cs1">Geneva (October 16, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/10/16/madonna.cybersquatter.reut/">"Madonna wins domain name battle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119165330/http://edition.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/10/16/madonna.cybersquatter.reut/">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Madonna+wins+domain+name+battle&rft.date=2000-10-16&rft.au=Geneva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2000%2FTECH%2Fcomputing%2F10%2F16%2Fmadonna.cybersquatter.reut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/news/madonna-albums-songs-celebration-tour-queen-of-pop-legacy-40th-anniversary">"Songbook: How Madonna Became The Queen Of Pop & Reinvention, From Her 'Boy Toy' Era To The Celebration Tour"</a>. July 27, 2023. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rockhall.com/inductees/madonna/bio/">the original</a> on March 29, 2010. Retrieved April 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madonna+Biography&rft.pub=Rock+and+Roll+Hall+of+Fame&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frockhall.com%2Finductees%2Fmadonna%2Fbio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeonardD'Acierno1998492-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeonardD'Acierno1998492_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeonardD'Acierno1998">Leonard & D'Acierno 1998</a>, p. 492. </li> <li id="cite_note-mom-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mom_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mom_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaraborrelli2002">Taraborrelli 2002</a>, pp. 11–13 </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusicbio-7"><a href="#cite_ref-allmusicbio_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlewine" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Thomas_Erlewine" title="Stephen Thomas Erlewine">Erlewine, Stephen Thomas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/madonna-mn0000237205/biography">"Madonna Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124145233/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/madonna-mn0000237205/biography">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madonna+Biography&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft.aulast=Erlewine&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fmadonna-mn0000237205%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaraborrelli200210-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaraborrelli200210_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaraborrelli2002">Taraborrelli 2002</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCross2007">Cross 2007</a>, p. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Ciccone">"Christopher Ciccone"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christopher+Ciccone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.m.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChristopher_Ciccone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thechild-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thechild_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thechild_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1400097/The-child-who-became-a-star.html">"The Child Who Became a Star: Madonna Timeline"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. July 26, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1400097/The-child-who-became-a-star.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved June 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+Child+Who+Became+a+Star%3A+Madonna+Timeline&rft.date=2006-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F1400097%2FThe-child-who-became-a-star.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeSantis2024" class="citation news cs1">DeSantis, Rachel (September 26, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/madonna-stepmother-joan-ciccone-dies-at-81-of-cancer-8719328">"Madonna's Stepmom Joan Ciccone Dies at 81 of 'Very Aggressive Cancer'"</a>. People. 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Retrieved December 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Charlotte+Observer&rft.atitle=Madonna+before+she+was+Madonna+%E2%80%93+dancing+at+American+Dance+Festival&rft.date=2015-06-07&rft.aulast=Menconi&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.charlotteobserver.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic-news-reviews%2Farticle23418204.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">Hosted by Paula Zahn (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/madonna/profile.html">"A Star with Staying Power"</a>. 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New York Magazine. pp. 40–51. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727072342/https://books.google.com/books?id=EkNwz83JvvkC&q=dan+gilroy+madonna+synagogue+i&pg=PA44">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2023. Retrieved May 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Magazine&rft.atitle=Madonna+Rising&rft.pages=40-51&rft.date=1991-10-14&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEkNwz83JvvkC%26q%3Ddan%2Bgilroy%2Bmadonna%2Bsynagogue%2Bi%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">Hosted by Jim Wallasky. "Madonna: Queen of Pop". Biography. 5 minutes in. <a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV channel)">The History Channel</a>.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolk2019" class="citation web cs1">Polk, Milan (April 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2019/04/everything-we-know-about-madonnas-new-album-madame-x.html">"Everything We Know About Madonna's New Album Madame X"</a>. Vulture. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422231216/https://www.vulture.com/2019/04/everything-we-know-about-madonnas-new-album-madame-x.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vulture&rft.atitle=Everything+We+Know+About+Madonna%27s+New+Album+Madame+X&rft.date=2019-04-22&rft.aulast=Polk&rft.aufirst=Milan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2019%2F04%2Feverything-we-know-about-madonnas-new-album-madame-x.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Brien2007">O'Brien 2007</a>, p. 56 </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnelly1984" class="citation magazine cs1">Connelly, Christopher (November 22, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/madonna-goes-all-the-way-203328/">"Madonna Goes All the Way"</a>. 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Oxford University Press. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-088842-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-088842-8"><bdi>978-0-19-088842-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607160814/https://books.google.com/books?id=jPUTEAAAQBAJ&q=madonna+auditioned+fame+1982&pg=PA184#v=snippet&q=madonna%20auditioned%20fame%201982&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2024. 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Retrieved April 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Sizzle+or+Fizzle%3F+Real-Life+Couples+On+Screen&rft.date=2014-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Fgallery%2Fsizzle-or-fizzle-real-life-couples-screen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribute.ca/people/madonna-/4085/">"Madonna Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tribune_Entertainment" title="Tribune Entertainment">Tribune Entertainment</a> Media Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002222310/http://www.tribute.ca/people/madonna-/4085/">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2015. 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Retrieved February 24, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madonna+%E2%80%93+Charts+%26+Awards+%E2%80%93+Billboard+Singles&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fmadonna-p64565%2Fcharts-awards%2Fbillboard-singles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-showstealer-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-showstealer_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-showstealer_89-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-showstealer_89-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-showstealer_89-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2004" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Neil (May 24, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3704915.stm">"Show Stealer Madonna on Tour"</a>. 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August 8, 1988. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202031436/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/08/theater/speed-the-plow-cast-to-be-changed.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Speed-the-Plow%27+Cast+to+Be+Changed&rft.date=1988-08-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F08%2F08%2Ftheater%2Fspeed-the-plow-cast-to-be-changed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_97-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1989" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Jeff (January 11, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/02821457861985f54b771ded83b89ba0">"Madonna Withdraws Assault Complaint Against Sean Penn"</a>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202031439/https://apnews.com/article/02821457861985f54b771ded83b89ba0">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2022. 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September 22, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220130221902/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/blogs/celeb-news/the-incident-behind-those-sean-penn-domestic-abuse-allegations-200453426.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Incident+Behind+Those+Sean+Penn+Domestic+Abuse+Allegations&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyahoo.com%2Fentertainment%2Fblogs%2Fceleb-news%2Fthe-incident-behind-those-sean-penn-domestic-abuse-allegations-200453426.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/01/05/Madonna-files-for-divorce-from-Sean-Penn/4310599979600/">"Madonna files for divorce from Sean Penn"</a>. United Press International. 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Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202032937/https://apnews.com/article/f3eab00761da7c9da7d7fe839bcd3be2">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2022. 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January 3, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025145239/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,193740,00.html?sPage=fnc.entertainment%2Fmadonna">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Madonna+Biography%2C+Discography%2C+Filmography&rft.date=2008-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fmadonna-biography-discography-filmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/05/business/pepsi-cancels-madonna-ad.html">"Pepsi cancels Madonna ad"</a>. The New York Times. 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April 6, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160521060952/http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/75011/full/">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2016. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/madonna-interscope-live-nation-deal-273943">the original</a> on January 7, 2012. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/madonna-kicks-off-mdna-tour-in-tel-aviv-20120601">the original</a> on October 25, 2017. Retrieved June 7, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Madonna+Kicks+Off+%27MDNA%27+Tour+in+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2012-06-01&rft.aulast=Cadan&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fmadonna-kicks-off-mdna-tour-in-tel-aviv-20120601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mdna_boxscore-283"><a href="#cite_ref-mdna_boxscore_283-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaddell2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Waddell, Ray (January 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1526267/madonnas-mdna-tour-makes-billboard-boxscores-all-time-top-10">"Madonna's 'MDNA' Tour Makes Billboard Boxscore's All-Time Top 10"</a>. 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Retrieved May 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Madonna%27s+%27MDNA%27+Tour+Makes+Billboard+Boxscore%27s+All-Time+Top+10&rft.date=2013-01-24&rft.aulast=Waddell&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2F1526267%2Fmadonnas-mdna-tour-makes-billboard-boxscores-all-time-top-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-earning2013-284">^ <a href="#cite_ref-earning2013_284-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earning2013_284-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaad2013" class="citation news cs1">Saad, Nardine (August 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-madonna-top-earning-celebrity-2013-forbes-mdna-20130828,0,2147727.story">"Madonna is Forbes' top-earning celebrity thanks to MDNA tour"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130831002536/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-madonna-top-earning-celebrity-2013-forbes-mdna-20130828,0,2147727.story">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2013. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/madonna-names-katy-perry-art-for-freedom-guest-curator-20140107">the original</a> on June 12, 2018. 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New York Daily News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415170353/https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/madonna-leaves-malawi-charity-visit-article-1.1310137">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/madonna-aims-to-help-detroit-hometown-by-funding-organizations-20140630">the original</a> on October 4, 2017. 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The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141221231056/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/dec/21/madonna-album-hack-living-state-terror">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2014. 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Retrieved February 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Advocate&rft.atitle=Madonna%3A+The+Truth+Is+She+Never+Left+You&rft.date=2012-02-02&rft.aulast=Karpel&rft.aufirst=Ari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.advocate.com%2Fprint-issue%2Fcover-stories%2F2012%2F02%2F02%2Fmadonna-truth-she-never-left-you&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCPrideMostImportantDay-495"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCPrideMostImportantDay_495-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrendan_Morrow2024" class="citation news cs1">Brendan Morrow (June 30, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2024/06/30/madonna-pride-new-york-ladyland-festival/74262346007/#:~:text=%22Thank%20you%20all%20for%20coming,you%2C%20I%20am%20nothing.%22">"Madonna celebrates NYC Pride at queer music fest: 'Most important day of the year'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. Retrieved July 7, 2024. <q>Thank you all for coming out," Madonna told the crowd, according to a video shared on social media. "Aside from my birthday, New York Pride is the most important day of the year." She concluded, "Thank you all, New York City. Without you, I am nothing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Madonna+celebrates+NYC+Pride+at+queer+music+fest%3A+%27Most+important+day+of+the+year%27&rft.date=2024-06-30&rft.au=Brendan+Morrow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Fcelebrities%2F2024%2F06%2F30%2Fmadonna-pride-new-york-ladyland-festival%2F74262346007%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3D%2522Thank%2520you%2520all%2520for%2520coming%2Cyou%252C%2520I%2520am%2520nothing.%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Routledge-496"><a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_496-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKramaraeSpender2000">Kramarae & Spender 2000</a>, p. 459 </li> <li id="cite_note-497"><a href="#cite_ref-497">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGorlinski2010">Gorlinski 2010</a>, p. 330 </li> <li id="cite_note-LBS-498"><a href="#cite_ref-LBS_498-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonKupp2007" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, Jamie; Kupp, Martin (January 18, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110515015953/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/career_and_jobs/graduate_management/article1293585.ece">"Case Study: Madonna"</a>. The Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/career_and_jobs/graduate_management/article1293585.ece">the original</a> on May 15, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Case+Study%3A+Madonna&rft.date=2007-01-18&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.au=Kupp%2C+Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fbusiness%2Fcareer_and_jobs%2Fgraduate_management%2Farticle1293585.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-499"><a href="#cite_ref-499">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton2002" class="citation book cs1">Morton, Andrew (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49701778">Madonna</a>. New York: St. Martin's Paperbacks. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-98310-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-98310-9"><bdi>978-0-312-98310-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49701778">49701778</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonna&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Paperbacks&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49701778&rft.isbn=978-0-312-98310-9&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F49701778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-500"><a href="#cite_ref-500">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5236386.stm">"Madonna gets first Wembley honour"</a>. BBC News. August 2, 2006. Retrieved December 7, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Madonna+gets+first+Wembley+honour&rft.date=2006-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F5236386.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnnmoney-501"><a href="#cite_ref-cnnmoney_501-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVasel2014" class="citation news cs1">Vasel, Kathryn (December 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2014/12/02/luxury/richest-recording-artists/index.html">"The world's 10 richest recording artists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN_Business" title="CNN Business">CNN Business</a>. Retrieved December 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+10+richest+recording+artists&rft.date=2014-12-02&rft.aulast=Vasel&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2014%2F12%2F02%2Fluxury%2Frichest-recording-artists%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FB-502"><a href="#cite_ref-FB_502-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/madonna/?sh=206ae89327ac">"Forbes Profile: Madonna"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. 2024. Retrieved May 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Forbes+Profile%3A+Madonna&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fprofile%2Fmadonna%2F%3Fsh%3D206ae89327ac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-503"><a href="#cite_ref-503">^</a> Annual earning list: <ul><li>1987: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-07-fi-4174-story.html">"Of the Show Biz Rich, Bill Cosby Is Top Star"</a>. Los Angeles Times. September 7, 1987. Retrieved July 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Of+the+Show+Biz+Rich%2C+Bill+Cosby+Is+Top+Star&rft.date=1987-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1987-09-07-fi-4174-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li>1988: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/1f09f14d8a483ef74af98ecd963d44e6">"Michael Jackson Overtakes Cosby as Highest-Paid Entertainer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. September 19, 1988. Retrieved July 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Michael+Jackson+Overtakes+Cosby+as+Highest-Paid+Entertainer&rft.date=1988-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F1f09f14d8a483ef74af98ecd963d44e6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li>1989: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarty1989" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Barty" title="Billy Barty">Barty, Billy</a> (November 30, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1989/CB-1989-09-30.pdf#page=6">"Tickertape: Million Dollar Bash"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Cashbox_(magazine)" title="Cashbox (magazine)">Cash Box</a>. p. 6. Retrieved July 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cash+Box&rft.atitle=Tickertape%3A+Million+Dollar+Bash&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1989-11-30&rft.aulast=Barty&rft.aufirst=Billy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-All-Music%2FCash-Box%2F80s%2F1989%2FCB-1989-09-30.pdf%23page%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-504"><a href="#cite_ref-504">^</a> Annual earning list: <ul><li>1990: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u68DAAAAMBAJ&dq=Madonna&pg=PA54">"Cosby Heads Forbes List of Highest Paid in Show Biz: The 'Forbes' Top 40"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a>. Vol. 78, no. 25. October 1, 1990. p. 54. Retrieved July 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Cosby+Heads+Forbes+List+of+Highest+Paid+in+Show+Biz%3A+The+%27Forbes%27+Top+40&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=54&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du68DAAAAMBAJ%26dq%3DMadonna%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li>1991: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-26-vw-4266-story.html">"High Life : A Weekly Forum for High School Students: Foothill Teen Wins Poster Prize"</a>. Los Angeles Times. September 26, 1991. Retrieved July 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=High+Life+%3A+A+Weekly+Forum+for+High+School+Students%3A+Foothill+Teen+Wins+Poster+Prize&rft.date=1991-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-09-26-vw-4266-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li>1992: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewington1992" class="citation magazine cs1">Brewington, Ron (October 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n1gEAAAAMBAJ&dq=Madonna&pg=PA13">"Hollywood Grapevine: The 44th Annual Emmy Awards: Disaster"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Crisis" title="The Crisis">The Crisis</a>. Vol. 99, no. 7. p. 13. Retrieved July 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Crisis&rft.atitle=Hollywood+Grapevine%3A+The+44th+Annual+Emmy+Awards%3A+Disaster&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1992-10&rft.aulast=Brewington&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn1gEAAAAMBAJ%26dq%3DMadonna%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li>1993: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WsEDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Madonna&pg=PA13">"Oprah Tops Forbes List of Highest Grossing Celebs"</a>. Jet. Vol. 84, no. 22. September 27, 1993. p. 13. Retrieved July 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Oprah+Tops+Forbes+List+of+Highest+Grossing+Celebs&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1993-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWsEDAAAAMBAJ%26dq%3DMadonna%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-505"><a href="#cite_ref-505">^</a> Annual earning list: <ul><li>2005: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060307033514/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2005/53/Musicians_Pay_1.html">"The Celebrity 100 > Musicians"</a>. Forbes. March 7, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/lists/2005/53/Musicians_Pay_1.html">the original</a> on March 7, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Celebrity+100+%3E+Musicians&rft.date=2006-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Flists%2F2005%2F53%2FMusicians_Pay_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li>2007: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220727110557/https://www.forbes.com/2007/09/19/music-madonna-rolling_stones-biz-media-cx_lh_0919musicians.html">"The Top-Earning Musicians"</a>. Forbes. September 19, 2007. Archived from the original on July 27, 2022. Retrieved July 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Top-Earning+Musicians&rft.date=2007-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2007%2F09%2F19%2Fmusic-madonna-rolling_stones-biz-media-cx_lh_0919musicians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</li> <li>2009: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220727055559/https://www.forbes.com/2009/06/22/top-eaning-musicians-business-entertainment-musicians_slide.html">"In Pictures: The Year's Top-Earning Musicians"</a>. Forbes. June 22, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2009/06/22/top-eaning-musicians-business-entertainment-musicians_slide.html">the original</a> on July 27, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=In+Pictures%3A+The+Year%27s+Top-Earning+Musicians&rft.date=2009-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2009%2F06%2F22%2Ftop-eaning-musicians-business-entertainment-musicians_slide.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-506"><a href="#cite_ref-506">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane2012" class="citation web cs1">Lane, Dan (March 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/madonnas-top-40-most-downloaded-tracks-revealed-1309/">"Madonna's Top 40 most downloaded tracks revealed!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">Official Charts Company</a>. Retrieved January 27, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madonna%27s+Top+40+most+downloaded+tracks+revealed%21&rft.pub=Official+Charts+Company&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialcharts.com%2Fchart-news%2Fmadonnas-top-40-most-downloaded-tracks-revealed-1309%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-507"><a href="#cite_ref-507">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgan2010" class="citation news cs1">Egan, Barry (January 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/music/u2-strike-a-chord-in-the-best-albums-from-2009-1997058.html">"U2 strike a chord in the best albums from 2009"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. 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Retrieved December 2, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madonna+Discography%3A+Italy&rft.pub=Italiancharts.com+at+Hung+Medien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitaliancharts.com%2Fshowinterpret.asp%3Finterpret%3DMadonna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-529"><a href="#cite_ref-529">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201228001058/https://finnishcharts.com/search.asp?search=Madonna&cat=s">"Madonna at Finnish Charts"</a>. Finnishcharts.com at Hung Medien. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finnishcharts.com/search.asp?search=Madonna&cat=s">the original</a> on December 28, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madonna+at+Finnish+Charts&rft.pub=Finnishcharts.com+at+Hung+Medien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinnishcharts.com%2Fsearch.asp%3Fsearch%3DMadonna%26cat%3Ds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalaverri2005-530"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalaverri2005_530-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalaverri2005">Salaverri 2005</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-531"><a href="#cite_ref-531">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spanishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Madonna">"Madonna discography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Productores_de_M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Productores de Música de España">Productores de Música de España</a> Spanishcharts.com at Hung Medien. Retrieved November 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madonna+discography&rft.pub=Productores+de+M%C3%BAsica+de+Espa%C3%B1a+Spanishcharts.com+at+Hung+Medien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspanishcharts.com%2Fshowinterpret.asp%3Finterpret%3DMadonna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-532"><a href="#cite_ref-532">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers2020" class="citation web cs1">Myers, Justin (January 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/artists-with-the-most-number-1-singles-on-the-uk-chart__23765/">"Artists with the most Number 1 singles on the UK chart"</a>. Official Charts Company. Retrieved March 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artists+with+the+most+Number+1+singles+on+the+UK+chart&rft.pub=Official+Charts+Company&rft.date=2020-01-03&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialcharts.com%2Fchart-news%2Fartists-with-the-most-number-1-singles-on-the-uk-chart__23765%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-533"><a href="#cite_ref-533">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpahr2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Spahr, Wolfgang (August 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7942027/germany-official-music-charts-40th-anniversary">"Germany's Music Charts Turn 40: Facts and Milestones in the 4th Biggest Music Market"</a>. Billboard. Retrieved August 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Germany%27s+Music+Charts+Turn+40%3A+Facts+and+Milestones+in+the+4th+Biggest+Music+Market&rft.date=2017-08-28&rft.aulast=Spahr&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fbusiness%2F7942027%2Fgermany-official-music-charts-40th-anniversary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Book_sources">Book sources</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_works_on_Madonna" title="Bibliography of works on Madonna">Bibliography of works on Madonna</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAguilar_Guzmán2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Aguilar Guzmán, Marcela (2010). Domadores de historias. Conversaciones con grandes cronistas de América Latina (in Spanish). RIL Editores. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-956-284-782-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-956-284-782-7"><bdi>978-956-284-782-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Domadores+de+historias.+Conversaciones+con+grandes+cronistas+de+Am%C3%A9rica+Latina&rft.pub=RIL+Editores&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-956-284-782-7&rft.aulast=Aguilar+Guzm%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Marcela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBego2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bego" title="Mark Bego">Bego, Mark</a> (2000). Madonna: Blonde Ambition. Cooper Square Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8154-1051-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8154-1051-5"><bdi>978-0-8154-1051-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonna%3A+Blonde+Ambition&rft.pub=Cooper+Square+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8154-1051-5&rft.aulast=Bego&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennettWaksman2014" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Andy; Waksman, Steve (2014). The SAGE Handbook of Popular Music. <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4739-1440-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4739-1440-7"><bdi>978-1-4739-1440-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SAGE+Handbook+of+Popular+Music&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4739-1440-7&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft.au=Waksman%2C+Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBohem1990" class="citation book cs1">Bohem, David A. (1990). <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records 1990</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Publishing" title="Sterling Publishing">Sterling Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8069-5791-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8069-5791-3"><bdi>978-0-8069-5791-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinness+World+Records+1990&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8069-5791-3&rft.aulast=Bohem&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronson2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Bronson" title="Fred Bronson">Bronson, Fred</a> (2002). The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits. Billboard books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-7677-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-7677-2"><bdi>978-0-8230-7677-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Billboard+Book+of+Number+1+Hits&rft.pub=Billboard+books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8230-7677-2&rft.aulast=Bronson&rft.aufirst=Fred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrackettHoard2004" class="citation book cs1">Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newrollingstonea00brac">The New Rolling Stone Album Guide</a>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-0169-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-0169-8"><bdi>978-0-7432-0169-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Rolling+Stone+Album+Guide&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-0169-8&rft.aulast=Brackett&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft.au=Hoard%2C+Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewrollingstonea00brac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuikemavan_der_Tuin2009" class="citation book cs1">Buikema, Rosemarie; van der Tuin, Iris (2009). Doing Gender in Media, Art and Culture. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-87680-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-87680-0"><bdi>978-0-203-87680-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doing+Gender+in+Media%2C+Art+and+Culture&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-203-87680-0&rft.aulast=Buikema&rft.aufirst=Rosemarie&rft.au=van+der+Tuin%2C+Iris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaro1994" class="citation book cs1">Claro, Nicole (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/madonna00clar">Madonna</a>. <a href="/wiki/Infobase_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Infobase Publishing">Chelsea House Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-2330-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-2330-3"><bdi>978-0-7910-2330-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonna&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publishers&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7910-2330-3&rft.aulast=Claro&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmadonna00clar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClerk2002" class="citation book cs1">Clerk, Carol (2002). Madonnastyle. <a href="/wiki/Music_Sales_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Music Sales Group">Omnibus Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-8874-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-8874-3"><bdi>978-0-7119-8874-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonnastyle&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7119-8874-3&rft.aulast=Clerk&rft.aufirst=Carol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCross2007" class="citation book cs1">Cross, Mary (2007). Madonna: A Biography. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33811-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33811-3"><bdi>978-0-313-33811-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonna%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33811-3&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean2003" class="citation book cs1">Dean, Maury (2003). Rock 'n' Roll Gold Rush: A Singles Un-Cyclopedia. Algora Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-207-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-207-1"><bdi>978-0-87586-207-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock+%27n%27+Roll+Gold+Rush%3A+A+Singles+Un-Cyclopedia&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-87586-207-1&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Maury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond1996" class="citation book cs1">Diamond, Elin (1996). Performance and Cultural Politics. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-12767-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-12767-7"><bdi>978-0-415-12767-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Performance+and+Cultural+Politics&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-415-12767-7&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Elin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlewineBogdanovWoodstra2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Thomas_Erlewine" title="Stephen Thomas Erlewine">Erlewine, Stephen Thomas</a>; Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris (2002). AllMusic Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul. <a href="/wiki/Hal_Leonard_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hal Leonard Corporation">Hal Leonard Corporation</a>. p. 1399. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-653-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-653-3"><bdi>978-0-87930-653-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AllMusic+Guide+to+Rock%3A+The+Definitive+Guide+to+Rock%2C+Pop%2C+and+Soul&rft.pages=1399&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corporation&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-87930-653-3&rft.aulast=Erlewine&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Thomas&rft.au=Bogdanov%2C+Vladimir&rft.au=Woodstra%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffreys2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jeffreys" title="Sheila Jeffreys">Jeffreys, Sheila</a> (2005). Beauty and Misogyny: Harmful Cultural Practices In The West. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35183-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35183-6"><bdi>978-0-415-35183-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beauty+and+Misogyny%3A+Harmful+Cultural+Practices+In+The+West&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35183-6&rft.aulast=Jeffreys&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiske1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Fiske_(media_scholar)" title="John Fiske (media scholar)">Fiske, John</a> (1989). Reading the popular. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-07875-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-07875-7"><bdi>978-0-415-07875-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+popular&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-415-07875-7&rft.aulast=Fiske&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFouz-HernándezJarman-Ivens2004" class="citation book cs1">Fouz-Hernández, Santiago; Jarman-Ivens, Freya (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/madonnasdrownedw0000unse">Madonna's Drowned Worlds</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-3372-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-3372-3"><bdi>978-0-7546-3372-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonna%27s+Drowned+Worlds&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-3372-3&rft.aulast=Fouz-Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Santiago&rft.au=Jarman-Ivens%2C+Freya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmadonnasdrownedw0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriskics-Warren2006" class="citation book cs1">Friskics-Warren, Bill (2006). I'll Take You There: Pop Music and the Urge for Transcendence. <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1921-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1921-7"><bdi>978-0-8264-1921-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I%27ll+Take+You+There%3A+Pop+Music+and+the+Urge+for+Transcendence&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1921-7&rft.aulast=Friskics-Warren&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge-WarrenRomanowskiPareles2001" class="citation book cs1">George-Warren, Holly; Romanowski, Patricia; <a href="/wiki/Jon_Pareles" title="Jon Pareles">Pareles, Jon</a>, eds. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rollingstoneency00holl">The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll</a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Fireside</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-0120-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-0120-9"><bdi>978-0-7432-0120-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rolling+Stone+Encyclopedia+of+Rock+%26+Roll&rft.pub=Fireside&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-0120-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frollingstoneency00holl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenday1998" class="citation book cs1">Glenday, Craig (1998). Guinness World Records 1998. <a href="/wiki/Jim_Pattison_Group" title="Jim Pattison Group">Jim Pattison Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85112-070-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85112-070-6"><bdi>978-0-85112-070-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinness+World+Records+1998&rft.pub=Jim+Pattison+Group&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-85112-070-6&rft.aulast=Glenday&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenday2007" class="citation book cs1">Glenday, Craig (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec0700guin">Guinness World Records 2007</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bantam_Books" title="Bantam Books">Bantam Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-58992-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-58992-4"><bdi>978-0-553-58992-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinness+World+Records+2007&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-553-58992-4&rft.aulast=Glenday&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguinnessworldrec0700guin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGnojewski2007" class="citation book cs1">Gnojewski, Carol (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/madonnaexpressyo0000gnoj">Madonna: Express Yourself</a>. <a href="/wiki/Enslow_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Enslow Publishers">Enslow Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-2442-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-2442-7"><bdi>978-0-7660-2442-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonna%3A+Express+Yourself&rft.pub=Enslow+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7660-2442-7&rft.aulast=Gnojewski&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmadonnaexpressyo0000gnoj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorlinski2010" class="citation book cs1">Gorlinski, Gini (2010). The 100 Most Influential Musicians of All Time. <a href="/wiki/Rosen_Publishing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosen Publishing Group">Rosen Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-056-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-056-3"><bdi>978-1-61530-056-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+100+Most+Influential+Musicians+of+All+Time&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-61530-056-3&rft.aulast=Gorlinski&rft.aufirst=Gini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Grant_(economist)" title="Robert M. Grant (economist)">Grant, Robert M.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contemporarystra00gran_4">Contemporary Strategy Analysis</a>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-1999-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-1999-3"><bdi>978-1-4051-1999-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Strategy+Analysis&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-1999-3&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontemporarystra00gran_4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuilbert2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Claude_Guilbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Claude Guilbert (page does not exist)">Guilbert, Georges-Claude</a> (2002). Madonna as Postmodern Myth. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1408-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1408-6"><bdi>978-0-7864-1408-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonna+as+Postmodern+Myth&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1408-6&rft.aulast=Guilbert&rft.aufirst=Georges-Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuralnickWolk2000" class="citation book cs1">Guralnick, Peter; Wolk, Douglas (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dacapobestmusicw00gura">Best Music Writing</a>. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80999-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80999-6"><bdi>978-0-306-80999-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Best+Music+Writing&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-306-80999-6&rft.aulast=Guralnick&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Wolk%2C+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdacapobestmusicw00gura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2006" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Dennis (2006). American Icons. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-02767-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-02767-6"><bdi>0-313-02767-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Icons&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-313-02767-6&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison2017" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Thomas (2017). Pop Goes the Decade: The Eighties. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3667-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3667-1"><bdi>978-1-4408-3667-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pop+Goes+the+Decade%3A+The+Eighties&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-3667-1&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawkins2017" class="citation book cs1">Hawkins, Stan (2017). Settling the Pop Score: Pop Texts and Identity Politics. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-54910-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-54910-3"><bdi>978-1-351-54910-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Settling+the+Pop+Score%3A+Pop+Texts+and+Identity+Politics&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-351-54910-3&rft.aulast=Hawkins&rft.aufirst=Stan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHortonSimmons2007" class="citation book cs1">Horton, Ros; Simmons, Sally (2007). Women Who Changed the World. Quercus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84724-026-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84724-026-2"><bdi>978-1-84724-026-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Who+Changed+the+World&rft.pub=Quercus&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84724-026-2&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Ros&rft.au=Simmons%2C+Sally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJhally2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sut_Jhally" title="Sut Jhally">Jhally, Sut</a> (2006). The Spectacle of Accumulation: Essays in Culture, Media, And Politics. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lang_(publishing_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Lang (publishing company)">Peter Lang</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-7904-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-7904-0"><bdi>978-0-8204-7904-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spectacle+of+Accumulation%3A+Essays+in+Culture%2C+Media%2C+And+Politics&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-7904-0&rft.aulast=Jhally&rft.aufirst=Sut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellner1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Kellner" title="Douglas Kellner">Kellner, Douglas</a> (1995). Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity, and Politics Between the Modern and the Postmodern. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-10570-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-10570-5"><bdi>978-0-415-10570-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Media+Culture%3A+Cultural+Studies%2C+Identity%2C+and+Politics+Between+the+Modern+and+the+Postmodern&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-415-10570-5&rft.aulast=Kellner&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramaraeSpender2000" class="citation book cs1">Kramarae, Cheris; Spender, Dale (2000). Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-92091-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-92091-9"><bdi>978-0-415-92091-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+International+Encyclopedia+of+Women%3A+Global+Women%27s+Issues+and+Knowledge&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-92091-9&rft.aulast=Kramarae&rft.aufirst=Cheris&rft.au=Spender%2C+Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandrum2007" class="citation book cs1">Landrum, Gene N. (2007). Paranoia & Power: Fear & Fame of Entertainment Icons. Morgan James Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60037-273-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60037-273-5"><bdi>978-1-60037-273-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paranoia+%26+Power%3A+Fear+%26+Fame+of+Entertainment+Icons&rft.pub=Morgan+James+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-60037-273-5&rft.aulast=Landrum&rft.aufirst=Gene+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonardD'Acierno1998" class="citation book cs1">Leonard, George J.; D'Acierno, Pellegrino (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nevq7gnw-WgC&pg=PA492">The Italian American Heritage: A Companion to Literature and Arts</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-0380-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-0380-0"><bdi>978-0-8153-0380-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Italian+American+Heritage%3A+A+Companion+to+Literature+and+Arts&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-0380-0&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=George+J.&rft.au=D%27Acierno%2C+Pellegrino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNevq7gnw-WgC%26pg%3DPA492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFarlan1992" class="citation book cs1">McFarlan, Donald (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofre0000unse">The Guinness Book of Records 1992</a>. Guinness. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85112-378-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85112-378-3"><bdi>978-0-85112-378-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Book+of+Records+1992&rft.pub=Guinness&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-85112-378-3&rft.aulast=McFarlan&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguinnessbookofre0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzBenson1999" class="citation book cs1">Metz, Allen; Benson, Carol (1999). The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary. <a href="/wiki/Music_Sales_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Music Sales Group">Music Sales Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8256-7194-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8256-7194-4"><bdi>978-0-8256-7194-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Madonna+Companion%3A+Two+Decades+of+Commentary&rft.pub=Music+Sales+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8256-7194-4&rft.aulast=Metz&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.au=Benson%2C+Carol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Morton_(writer)" title="Andrew Morton (writer)">Morton, Andrew</a> (2001). <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(book)" title="Madonna (book)">Madonna</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Mara_Books" title="Michael O'Mara Books">Michael O'Mara Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85479-888-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85479-888-6"><bdi>978-1-85479-888-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonna&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Michael+O%27Mara+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-85479-888-6&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lucy_O%27Brien" title="Lucy O'Brien">O'Brien, Lucy</a> (2007). <a href="/wiki/Madonna:_Like_an_Icon" title="Madonna: Like an Icon">Madonna: Like an Icon</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-593-05547-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-593-05547-2"><bdi>978-0-593-05547-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonna%3A+Like+an+Icon&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-593-05547-2&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitts2004" class="citation book cs1">Pitts, Michael (2004). Famous Movie Detectives. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-3690-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-3690-7"><bdi>978-0-8108-3690-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famous+Movie+Detectives&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-3690-7&rft.aulast=Pitts&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRettenmund1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rettenmund" title="Matthew Rettenmund">Rettenmund, Matthew</a> (1995). Madonnica: The Woman & The Icon From A To Z. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-11782-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-11782-5"><bdi>978-0-312-11782-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonnica%3A+The+Woman+%26+The+Icon+From+A+To+Z&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-312-11782-5&rft.aulast=Rettenmund&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael2004" class="citation book cs1">Michael, Mick St. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/madonnatalkingma0000stmi">Madonna talking: Madonna in Her Own Words</a>. <a href="/wiki/Music_Sales_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Music Sales Group">Omnibus Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84449-418-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84449-418-7"><bdi>978-1-84449-418-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonna+talking%3A+Madonna+in+Her+Own+Words&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84449-418-7&rft.aulast=Michael&rft.aufirst=Mick+St.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmadonnatalkingma0000stmi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRooksby2004" class="citation book cs1">Rooksby, Rikky (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/madonnacompleteg0000rook">The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna</a>. <a href="/wiki/Music_Sales_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Music Sales Group">Omnibus Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-9883-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-9883-4"><bdi>978-0-7119-9883-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+the+Music+of+Madonna&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7119-9883-4&rft.aulast=Rooksby&rft.aufirst=Rikky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmadonnacompleteg0000rook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalaverri2005" class="citation book cs1">Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-8048-639-2" title="Special:BookSources/84-8048-639-2"><bdi>84-8048-639-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C3%B3lo+%C3%A9xitos%3A+a%C3%B1o+a+a%C3%B1o%2C+1959%E2%80%932002&rft.place=Spain&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Fundaci%C3%B3n+Autor-SGAE&rft.date=2005-09&rft.isbn=84-8048-639-2&rft.aulast=Salaverri&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaraborrelli2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._Randy_Taraborrelli" title="J. Randy Taraborrelli">Taraborrelli, J. Randy</a> (2002). <a href="/wiki/Madonna:_An_Intimate_Biography" title="Madonna: An Intimate Biography">Madonna: An Intimate Biography</a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2880-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2880-0"><bdi>978-0-7432-2880-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonna%3A+An+Intimate+Biography&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-2880-0&rft.aulast=Taraborrelli&rft.aufirst=J.+Randy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_C._Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Mark C. Taylor (philosopher)">Taylor, Mark C.</a> (1993). Nots. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-79131-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-79131-9"><bdi>978-0-226-79131-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nots&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-226-79131-9&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Mark+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTetzlaff1993" class="citation book cs1">Tetzlaff, David (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/madonnaconnectio00schw">Metatextual Girl</a>. Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-1396-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-1396-2"><bdi>978-0-8133-1396-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metatextual+Girl&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-1396-2&rft.aulast=Tetzlaff&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmadonnaconnectio00schw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictor2001" class="citation book cs1">Victor, Barbara (2001). Goddess, Inside Madonna. Cliff Street Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019930-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019930-2"><bdi>978-0-06-019930-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goddess%2C+Inside+Madonna&rft.pub=Cliff+Street+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-06-019930-2&rft.aulast=Victor&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoller1999" class="citation book cs1">Voller, Debbie (1999). Madonna: The Style Book. <a href="/wiki/Music_Sales_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Music Sales Group">Omnibus Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-7511-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-7511-8"><bdi>978-0-7119-7511-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madonna%3A+The+Style+Book&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7119-7511-8&rft.aulast=Voller&rft.aufirst=Debbie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelton1998" class="citation book cs1">Welton, Donn (1998). Body and Flesh: A Philosophical Reader. <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57718-126-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57718-126-2"><bdi>978-1-57718-126-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Body+and+Flesh%3A+A+Philosophical+Reader&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-57718-126-2&rft.aulast=Welton&rft.aufirst=Donn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZollo2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Zollo" title="Paul Zollo">Zollo, Paul</a> (2003), Songwriters on Songwriting, <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81265-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81265-1"><bdi>978-0-306-81265-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Songwriters+on+Songwriting&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-306-81265-1&rft.aulast=Zollo&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Madonna at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" class="extiw" title="c:Madonna (entertainer)">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" class="extiw" title="q:Madonna (entertainer)">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744" class="extiw" title="d:Q1744">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.madonna.com">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/artist/p100711">Madonna</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p64565">Madonna</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000187/">Madonna</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/madonna">"Madonna"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madonna&rft.pub=Rock+and+Roll+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockhall.com%2Finductees%2Fmadonna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadonna" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744#P3162" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/119436%7C*">Madonna</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744#P3056" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394678">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-solo .navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-solo" aria-labelledby="Madonna" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Madonna" title="Template:Madonna"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Madonna" title="Template talk:Madonna"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Madonna" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Madonna"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Madonna" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_albums_discography" title="Madonna albums discography">Albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Madonna" title="List of songs recorded by Madonna">Songs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_singles_discography" title="Madonna singles discography">Singles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unreleased_songs_recorded_by_Madonna" title="List of unreleased songs recorded by Madonna">Unreleased</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Madonna_concerts" title="List of Madonna concerts">Concerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_videography" title="Madonna videography">Videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_filmography" title="Madonna filmography">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_bibliography" title="Madonna bibliography">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands" title="Madonna fashion brands">Fashion brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Madonna" title="List of awards and nominations received by Madonna">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Madonna_records_and_achievements" title="List of Madonna records and achievements">Achievements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Madonna" title="Cultural impact of Madonna">Cultural impact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_(album)" title="Madonna (album)">Madonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Like_a_Virgin_(album)" title="Like a Virgin (album)">Like a Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Blue_(Madonna_album)" title="True Blue (Madonna album)">True Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Like_a_Prayer_(album)" title="Like a Prayer (album)">Like a Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotica_(Madonna_album)" title="Erotica (Madonna album)">Erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedtime_Stories_(Madonna_album)" title="Bedtime Stories (Madonna album)">Bedtime Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light" title="Ray of Light">Ray of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_(Madonna_album)" title="Music (Madonna album)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Life" title="American Life">American Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessions_on_a_Dance_Floor" title="Confessions on a Dance Floor">Confessions on a Dance Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Candy_(Madonna_album)" title="Hard Candy (Madonna album)">Hard Candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDNA_(album)" title="MDNA (album)">MDNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Heart" title="Rebel Heart">Rebel Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_X_(album)" title="Madame X (album)">Madame X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtrack albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_(soundtrack)" title="Who's That Girl (soundtrack)">Who's That Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Breathless" title="I'm Breathless">I'm Breathless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evita_(soundtrack)" title="Evita (soundtrack)">Evita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Going_to_Tell_You_a_Secret_(album)" title="I'm Going to Tell You a Secret (album)">I'm Going to Tell You a Secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_Tour_(album)" title="The Confessions Tour (album)">The Confessions Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticky_%26_Sweet_Tour_(album)" title="Sticky & Sweet Tour (album)">Sticky & Sweet Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDNA_World_Tour_(album)" title="MDNA World Tour (album)">MDNA World Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Heart_Tour_(album)" title="Rebel Heart Tour (album)">Rebel Heart Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_X:_Music_from_the_Theater_Xperience" title="Madame X: Music from the Theater Xperience">Madame X: Music from the Theater Xperience</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Remix albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/You_Can_Dance" title="You Can Dance">You Can Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remixed_%26_Revisited" title="Remixed & Revisited">Remixed & Revisited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finally_Enough_Love:_50_Number_Ones" title="Finally Enough Love: 50 Number Ones">Finally Enough Love: 50 Number Ones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilation albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Immaculate_Collection" title="The Immaculate Collection">The Immaculate Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Something_to_Remember" title="Something to Remember">Something to Remember</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GHV2" title="GHV2">GHV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebration_(Madonna_album)" title="Celebration (Madonna album)">Celebration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limited releases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Like_a_Virgin_%26_Other_Big_Hits!" title="Like a Virgin & Other Big Hits!">Like a Virgin & Other Big Hits!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Studio_Albums_(1983%E2%80%932008)" title="The Complete Studio Albums (1983–2008)">The Complete Studio Albums (1983–2008)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video releases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_Live:_The_Virgin_Tour" title="Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour">Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciao_Italia:_Live_from_Italy" title="Ciao Italia: Live from Italy">Ciao Italia: Live from Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Immaculate_Collection_(video)" title="The Immaculate Collection (video)">The Immaculate Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blond_Ambition_World_Tour_Live" title="Blond Ambition World Tour Live">Blond Ambition World Tour Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Girlie_Show:_Live_Down_Under" title="The Girlie Show: Live Down Under">The Girlie Show: Live Down Under</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Video_Collection_93:99" title="The Video Collection 93:99">The Video Collection 93:99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drowned_World_Tour_2001_(video)" title="Drowned World Tour 2001 (video)">Drowned World Tour 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_Tour_(album)" title="The Confessions Tour (album)">The Confessions Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebration:_The_Video_Collection" title="Celebration: The Video Collection">Celebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticky_%26_Sweet_Tour_(album)" title="Sticky & Sweet Tour (album)">Sticky & Sweet Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDNA_World_Tour_(album)" title="MDNA World Tour (album)">MDNA World Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Heart_Tour_(album)" title="Rebel Heart Tour (album)">Rebel Heart Tour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concerts and tours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_Tour" title="The Virgin Tour">The Virgin Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_World_Tour" title="Who's That Girl World Tour">Who's That Girl World Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blond_Ambition_World_Tour" title="Blond Ambition World Tour">Blond Ambition World Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Girlie_Show_(Madonna)" title="The Girlie Show (Madonna)">The Girlie Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drowned_World_Tour" title="Drowned World Tour">Drowned World Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-Invention_World_Tour" title="Re-Invention World Tour">Re-Invention World Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessions_Tour" title="Confessions Tour">Confessions Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticky_%26_Sweet_Tour" title="Sticky & Sweet Tour">Sticky & Sweet Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_MDNA_Tour" title="The MDNA Tour">The MDNA Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Heart_Tour" title="Rebel Heart Tour">Rebel Heart Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna:_Tears_of_a_Clown" title="Madonna: Tears of a Clown">Tears of a Clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_X_Tour" title="Madame X Tour">Madame X Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Celebration_Tour" title="The Celebration Tour">The Celebration Tour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filth_and_Wisdom" title="Filth and Wisdom">Filth and Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E." title="W.E.">W.E.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretprojectrevolution" title="Secretprojectrevolution">secretprojectrevolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madonna:_Truth_or_Dare" title="Madonna: Truth or Dare">Truth or Dare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Going_to_Tell_You_a_Secret" title="I'm Going to Tell You a Secret">I'm Going to Tell You a Secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Because_We_Are" title="I Am Because We Are">I Am Because We Are</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_X_(2021_film)" title="Madame X (2021 film)">Madame X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_on_the_Late_Show_with_David_Letterman_in_1994" title="Madonna on the Late Show with David Letterman in 1994">1994 Late Show with David Letterman appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVI_halftime_show" title="Super Bowl XLVI halftime show">Super Bowl XLVI halftime show</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_(book)" title="Sex (book)">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_English_Roses" title="The English Roses">The English Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Peabody%27s_Apples" title="Mr. Peabody's Apples">Mr. Peabody's Apples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_and_the_Seven_Thieves" title="Yakov and the Seven Thieves">Yakov and the Seven Thieves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Abdi" title="The Adventures of Abdi">The Adventures of Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotsa_de_Casha" title="Lotsa de Casha">Lotsa de Casha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies and brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maverick_(company)" title="Maverick (company)">Maverick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light_Foundation" title="Ray of Light Foundation">Ray of Light Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_Malawi" title="Raising Malawi">Raising Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Candy_Fitness" title="Hard Candy Fitness">Hard Candy Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_or_Dare_by_Madonna" title="Truth or Dare by Madonna">Truth or Dare by Madonna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works about Madonna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cover_versions_of_Madonna_songs" title="List of cover versions of Madonna songs">Cover versions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Madonna_tribute_albums" title="List of Madonna tribute albums">Tribute albums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_(Alisha_Chinai_album)" title="Madonna (Alisha Chinai album)">Madonna by Alisha Chinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Through_the_Wilderness" title="Through the Wilderness">Through the Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glee:_The_Music,_The_Power_of_Madonna" title="Glee: The Music, The Power of Madonna">Glee: The Music, The Power of Madonna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Panel_of_Experts" title="A Panel of Experts">A Panel of Experts</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Like_a_Surgeon" title="Like a Surgeon">Like a Surgeon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa:_Dare_to_Be_Truthful" title="Medusa: Dare to Be Truthful">Medusa: Dare to Be Truthful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna:_Innocence_Lost" title="Madonna: Innocence Lost">Madonna: Innocence Lost</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/If_Madonna_Calls" title="If Madonna Calls">If Madonna Calls</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna:_An_Intimate_Biography" title="Madonna: An Intimate Biography">Madonna: An Intimate Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_(book)" title="Madonna (book)">Madonna (book)</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_It_with_Madonna" title="Do It with Madonna">Do It with Madonna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/She%27s_Madonna" title="She's Madonna">She's Madonna</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna:_Like_an_Icon" title="Madonna: Like an Icon">Madonna: Like an Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_with_My_Sister_Madonna" title="Life with My Sister Madonna">Life with My Sister Madonna</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Madonna" title="The Power of Madonna">The Power of Madonna</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_a_Pose" title="Strike a Pose">Strike a Pose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonnaland" title="Madonnaland">Madonnaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holidays_(musical)" title="Holidays (musical)">Holidays (musical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_studies" title="Madonna studies">Academic studies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_works_on_Madonna" title="Bibliography of works on Madonna">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_publishing_works_on_Madonna" title="List of academic publishing works on Madonna">Scholarly articles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_business" title="Madonna and business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_contemporary_arts" title="Madonna and contemporary arts">Contemporary arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echiniscus_madonnae" title="Echiniscus madonnae">Echiniscus madonnae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_fandom" title="Madonna fandom">Fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_of_Madonna" title="Fashion of Madonna">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_of_Madonna" title="Feminism of Madonna">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_as_a_gay_icon" title="Madonna as a gay icon">Gay icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_impersonator" title="Madonna impersonator">Impersonator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_(nickname)" title="Madonna (nickname)">Madonna (nickname)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_wannabe" title="Madonna wannabe">Madonna wannabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_in_media" title="Madonna in media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy_and_activism_of_Madonna" title="Philanthropy and activism of Madonna">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_1_Madonna_controversy" title="Radio 1 Madonna controversy">Radio 1 controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_religion" title="Madonna and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_sexuality" title="Madonna and sexuality">Sexuality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Club_(band)" title="Breakfast Club (band)">Breakfast Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ciccone" title="Christopher Ciccone">Christopher Ciccone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lourdes_Leon" title="Lourdes Leon">Lourdes Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_(name)" title="Madonna (name)">Madonna (name)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Madonna" title="Pre-Madonna">Pre-Madonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Ritchie" title="Guy Ritchie">Guy Ritchie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Madonna" title="Category:Madonna">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-solo" aria-labelledby="Madonna_songs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Madonna_songs" title="Template:Madonna songs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Madonna_songs" title="Template talk:Madonna songs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Madonna_songs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Madonna songs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Madonna_songs" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> songs</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_singles_discography" title="Madonna singles discography">Singles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Madonna" title="List of songs recorded by Madonna">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cover_versions_of_Madonna_songs" title="List of cover versions of Madonna songs">Covers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unreleased_songs_recorded_by_Madonna" title="List of unreleased songs recorded by Madonna">Unreleased songs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Everybody_(Madonna_song)" title="Everybody (Madonna song)">Everybody</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Burning_Up_(Madonna_song)" title="Burning Up (Madonna song)">Burning Up</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Physical_Attraction_(song)" title="Physical Attraction (song)">Physical Attraction</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holiday_(Madonna_song)" title="Holiday (Madonna song)">Holiday</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lucky_Star_(Madonna_song)" title="Lucky Star (Madonna song)">Lucky Star</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Borderline_(Madonna_song)" title="Borderline (Madonna song)">Borderline</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Like_a_Virgin_(song)" title="Like a Virgin (song)">Like a Virgin</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Material_Girl" title="Material Girl">Material Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Crazy_for_You_(Madonna_song)" title="Crazy for You (Madonna song)">Crazy for You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Angel_(Madonna_song)" title="Angel (Madonna song)">Angel</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Into_the_Groove" title="Into the Groove">Into the Groove</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dress_You_Up" title="Dress You Up">Dress You Up</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gambler_(song)" title="Gambler (song)">Gambler</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Live_to_Tell" title="Live to Tell">Live to Tell</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Papa_Don%27t_Preach" title="Papa Don't Preach">Papa Don't Preach</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/True_Blue_(Madonna_song)" title="True Blue (Madonna song)">True Blue</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Open_Your_Heart_(Madonna_song)" title="Open Your Heart (Madonna song)">Open Your Heart</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/La_Isla_Bonita" title="La Isla Bonita">La Isla Bonita</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_(Madonna_song)" title="Who's That Girl (Madonna song)">Who's That Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Causing_a_Commotion" title="Causing a Commotion">Causing a Commotion</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Look_of_Love_(Madonna_song)" title="The Look of Love (Madonna song)">The Look of Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Spotlight_(Madonna_song)" title="Spotlight (Madonna song)">Spotlight</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Like_a_Prayer_(song)" title="Like a Prayer (song)">Like a Prayer</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Express_Yourself_(Madonna_song)" title="Express Yourself (Madonna song)">Express Yourself</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cherish_(Madonna_song)" title="Cherish (Madonna song)">Cherish</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh_Father" title="Oh Father">Oh Father</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dear_Jessie" title="Dear Jessie">Dear Jessie</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Keep_It_Together_(song)" title="Keep It Together (song)">Keep It Together</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vogue_(Madonna_song)" title="Vogue (Madonna song)">Vogue</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hanky_Panky_(Madonna_song)" title="Hanky Panky (Madonna song)">Hanky Panky</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Justify_My_Love" title="Justify My Love">Justify My Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rescue_Me_(Madonna_song)" title="Rescue Me (Madonna song)">Rescue Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Used_to_Be_My_Playground" title="This Used to Be My Playground">This Used to Be My Playground</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Erotica_(song)" title="Erotica (song)">Erotica</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Deeper_and_Deeper" title="Deeper and Deeper">Deeper and Deeper</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bad_Girl_(Madonna_song)" title="Bad Girl (Madonna song)">Bad Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fever_(Little_Willie_John_song)#Madonna_version" title="Fever (Little Willie John song)">Fever</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rain_(Madonna_song)" title="Rain (Madonna song)">Rain</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bye_Bye_Baby_(Madonna_song)" title="Bye Bye Baby (Madonna song)">Bye Bye Baby</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Remember" title="I'll Remember">I'll Remember</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Secret_(Madonna_song)" title="Secret (Madonna song)">Secret</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Take_a_Bow_(Madonna_song)" title="Take a Bow (Madonna song)">Take a Bow</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bedtime_Story_(Madonna_song)" title="Bedtime Story (Madonna song)">Bedtime Story</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Human_Nature_(Madonna_song)" title="Human Nature (Madonna song)">Human Nature</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_See" title="You'll See">You'll See</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_More_Chance_(Madonna_song)" title="One More Chance (Madonna song)">One More Chance</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Don%27t_Live_Here_Anymore" title="Love Don't Live Here Anymore">Love Don't Live Here Anymore</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Must_Love_Me" title="You Must Love Me">You Must Love Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Cry_for_Me_Argentina" title="Don't Cry for Me Argentina">Don't Cry for Me Argentina</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Another_Suitcase_in_Another_Hall" title="Another Suitcase in Another Hall">Another Suitcase in Another Hall</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Frozen_(Madonna_song)" title="Frozen (Madonna song)">Frozen</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light_(song)" title="Ray of Light (song)">Ray of Light</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Drowned_World/Substitute_for_Love" title="Drowned World/Substitute for Love">Drowned World/Substitute for Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Good-Bye" title="The Power of Good-Bye">The Power of Good-Bye</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nothing_Really_Matters" title="Nothing Really Matters">Nothing Really Matters</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Stranger" title="Beautiful Stranger">Beautiful Stranger</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/American_Pie_(song)#Madonna_version" title="American Pie (song)">American Pie</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Music_(Madonna_song)" title="Music (Madonna song)">Music</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Tell_Me_(Madonna_song)" title="Don't Tell Me (Madonna song)">Don't Tell Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_It_Feels_Like_for_a_Girl" title="What It Feels Like for a Girl">What It Feels Like for a Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Die_Another_Day_(song)" title="Die Another Day (song)">Die Another Day</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/American_Life_(song)" title="American Life (song)">American Life</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(Madonna_song)" title="Hollywood (Madonna song)">Hollywood</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Me_Against_the_Music" title="Me Against the Music">Me Against the Music</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nothing_Fails" title="Nothing Fails">Nothing Fails</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Profusion" title="Love Profusion">Love Profusion</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hung_Up" title="Hung Up">Hung Up</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sorry_(Madonna_song)" title="Sorry (Madonna song)">Sorry</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Get_Together_(Madonna_song)" title="Get Together (Madonna song)">Get Together</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jump_(Madonna_song)" title="Jump (Madonna song)">Jump</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/4_Minutes" title="4 Minutes">4 Minutes</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Give_It_2_Me" title="Give It 2 Me">Give It 2 Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Miles_Away_(Madonna_song)" title="Miles Away (Madonna song)">Miles Away</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Celebration_(Madonna_song)" title="Celebration (Madonna song)">Celebration</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Revolver_(song)" title="Revolver (song)">Revolver</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Give_Me_All_Your_Luvin%27" title="Give Me All Your Luvin'">Give Me All Your Luvin'</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Girl_Gone_Wild" title="Girl Gone Wild">Girl Gone Wild</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_(Madonna_song)" title="Masterpiece (Madonna song)">Masterpiece</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Turn_Up_the_Radio_(Madonna_song)" title="Turn Up the Radio (Madonna song)">Turn Up the Radio</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Living_for_Love" title="Living for Love">Living for Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ghosttown_(Madonna_song)" title="Ghosttown (Madonna song)">Ghosttown</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bitch_I%27m_Madonna" title="Bitch I'm Madonna">Bitch I'm Madonna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hold_Tight_(Madonna_song)" title="Hold Tight (Madonna song)">Hold Tight</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_(song)" title="Medellín (song)">Medellín</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Crave_(Madonna_and_Swae_Lee_song)" title="Crave (Madonna and Swae Lee song)">Crave</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Rise_(song)" title="I Rise (song)">I Rise</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Search_I_Find" title="I Don't Search I Find">I Don't Search I Find</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Levitating_(song)#The_Blessed_Madonna_remix" title="Levitating (song)">Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Frozen_(Madonna_song)#Sickick_remixes" title="Frozen (Madonna song)">Frozen (Sickick remixes)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Break_My_Soul#Remixes" title="Break My Soul">Break My Soul (The Queens remix)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Back_That_Up_to_the_Beat" title="Back That Up to the Beat">Back That Up to the Beat</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Popular_(The_Weeknd,_Playboi_Carti_and_Madonna_song)" title="Popular (The Weeknd, Playboi Carti and Madonna song)">Popular</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vulgar_(song)" title="Vulgar (song)">Vulgar</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promotional singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Can_Dance" title="You Can Dance">You Can Dance (LP Cuts)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Erotica_(song)" title="Erotica (song)">Erotic</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Want_You_(Marvin_Gaye_song)" title="I Want You (Marvin Gaye song)">I Want You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sky_Fits_Heaven" title="Sky Fits Heaven">Sky Fits Heaven</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Impressive_Instant" title="Impressive Instant">Impressive Instant</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/GHV2" title="GHV2">GHV2 Megamix</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(Madonna_song)" title="Hollywood (Madonna song)">Into the Hollywood Groove</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nobody_Knows_Me" title="Nobody Knows Me">Nobody Knows Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Imagine_(John_Lennon_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagine (John Lennon song)">Imagine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hey_You_(Madonna_song)" title="Hey You (Madonna song)">Hey You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Superstar_(Madonna_song)" title="Superstar (Madonna song)">Superstar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Future_(song)" title="Future (song)">Future</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dark_Ballet" title="Dark Ballet">Dark Ballet</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Material_Girl#"Material_Gworrllllllll!"" title="Material Girl">Material Gworrllllllll</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hung_Up#Remix_version" title="Hung Up">Hung Up on Tokischa</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other songs recorded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Santa_Baby#Madonna_version" title="Santa Baby">Santa Baby</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sooner_or_Later_(Madonna_song)" title="Sooner or Later (Madonna song)">Sooner or Later</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh_What_a_Circus" title="Oh What a Circus">Oh What a Circus</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sing_(Annie_Lennox_song)" title="Sing (Annie Lennox song)">Sing</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beat_Goes_On_(Madonna_song)" title="Beat Goes On (Madonna song)">Beat Goes On</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gang_Bang_(song)" title="Gang Bang (song)">Gang Bang</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Give_A" title="I Don't Give A">I Don't Give A</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Devil_Pray" title="Devil Pray">Devil Pray</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Unapologetic_Bitch" title="Unapologetic Bitch">Unapologetic Bitch</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Illuminati_(song)" title="Illuminati (song)">Illuminati</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(Madonna_song)" title="Joan of Arc (Madonna song)">Joan of Arc</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Iconic_(song)" title="Iconic (song)">Iconic</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holy_Water_(Madonna_song)" title="Holy Water (Madonna song)">Holy Water</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wash_All_Over_Me" title="Wash All Over Me">Wash All Over Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rebel_Heart_(song)" title="Rebel Heart (song)">Rebel Heart</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/God_Control" title="God Control">God Control</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Batuka_(song)" title="Batuka (song)">Batuka</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other songs written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_Talk" title="Sidewalk Talk">Sidewalk Talk</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Each_Time_You_Break_My_Heart" title="Each Time You Break My Heart">Each Time You Break My Heart</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_a_Dream_(Donna_de_Lory_song)" title="Just a Dream (Donna de Lory song)">Just a Dream</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Won%27t_Wait" title="Love Won't Wait">Love Won't Wait</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Hit_(song)" title="The Greatest Hit (song)">The Greatest Hit</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Wanna_Lose_This_Feeling" title="Don't Wanna Lose This Feeling">Don't Wanna Lose This Feeling</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Go_Hard_(DJ_Khaled_song)" title="Go Hard (DJ Khaled song)">Go Hard</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Chick%3F" title="Who's That Chick?">Who's That Chick?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mamacita_(Black_Eyed_Peas,_Ozuna_and_J._Rey_Soul_song)" title="Mamacita (Black Eyed Peas, Ozuna and J. Rey Soul song)">Mamacita</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Madonna" title="Category:Madonna">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Template:Madonna" title="Template:Madonna">Template</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Madonna" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Madonna" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Madonna" title="List of awards and nominations received by Madonna">Awards for Madonna</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Music_Award_for_Artist_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Music_Award_for_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Template:American Music Award for Artist of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Music_Award_for_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:American Music Award for Artist of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Music_Award_for_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Music Award for Artist of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Music_Award_for_Artist_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Music_Award_for_Artist_of_the_Year" title="American Music Award for Artist of the Year">American Music Award for Artist of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TLC_(group)" title="TLC (group)">TLC</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garth_Brooks" title="Garth Brooks">Garth Brooks</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSYNC" title="NSYNC">NSYNC</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (2002)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Chesney" title="Kenny Chesney">Kenny Chesney</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rascal_Flatts" title="Rascal Flatts">Rascal Flatts</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Underwood" title="Carrie Underwood">Carrie Underwood</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Brown" title="Chris Brown">Chris Brown</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Bieber" title="Justin Bieber">Justin Bieber</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Bieber" title="Justin Bieber">Justin Bieber</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Direction" title="One Direction">One Direction</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Direction" title="One Direction">One Direction</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTS" title="BTS">BTS</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Billboard_Year-End_Top_Artist" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Billboard_Year-End_Top_Artists" title="Template:Billboard Year-End Top Artists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Billboard_Year-End_Top_Artists" title="Template talk:Billboard Year-End Top Artists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Billboard_Year-End_Top_Artists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Billboard Year-End Top Artists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Billboard_Year-End_Top_Artist" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Year-End" title="Billboard Year-End">Billboard Year-End</a> Top Artist</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/wiki/REO_Speedwagon" title="REO Speedwagon">REO Speedwagon</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/The_Go-Go%27s" title="The Go-Go's">The Go-Go's</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a></li> <li>1985: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Bon_Jovi" title="Bon Jovi">Bon Jovi</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/George_Michael" title="George Michael">George Michael</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/New_Kids_on_the_Block" title="New Kids on the Block">New Kids on the Block</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/New_Kids_on_the_Block" title="New Kids on the Block">New Kids on the Block</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Garth_Brooks" title="Garth Brooks">Garth Brooks</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Garth_Brooks" title="Garth Brooks">Garth Brooks</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Ace_of_Base" title="Ace of Base">Ace of Base</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/TLC_(group)" title="TLC (group)">TLC</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Alanis_Morissette" title="Alanis Morissette">Alanis Morissette</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/LeAnn_Rimes" title="LeAnn Rimes">LeAnn Rimes</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Usher_(musician)" title="Usher (musician)">Usher</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Backstreet_Boys" title="Backstreet Boys">Backstreet Boys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child" title="Destiny's Child">Destiny's Child</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child" title="Destiny's Child">Destiny's Child</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Nelly" title="Nelly">Nelly</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/50_Cent" title="50 Cent">50 Cent</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Usher_(musician)" title="Usher (musician)">Usher</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/50_Cent" title="50 Cent">50 Cent</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Chris_Brown" title="Chris Brown">Chris Brown</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Akon" title="Akon">Akon</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Chris_Brown" title="Chris Brown">Chris Brown</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/One_Direction" title="One Direction">One Direction</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Ed_Sheeran" title="Ed Sheeran">Ed Sheeran</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Drake_(musician)" title="Drake (musician)">Drake</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Post_Malone" title="Post Malone">Post Malone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020-present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Post_Malone" title="Post Malone">Post Malone</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Drake_(musician)" title="Drake (musician)">Drake</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Bad_Bunny" title="Bad Bunny">Bad Bunny</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Brit_Award_for_International_Female_Solo_Artist" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brit_International_Female" title="Template:Brit International Female"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brit_International_Female" title="Template talk:Brit International Female"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brit_International_Female" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brit International Female"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Brit_Award_for_International_Female_Solo_Artist" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Brit_Award_for_International_Female_Solo_Artist" title="Brit Award for International Female Solo Artist">Brit Award for International Female Solo Artist</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Chapman" title="Tracy Chapman">Tracy Chapman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor" title="Sinéad O'Connor">Sinéad O'Connor</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk </a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K.d._lang" title="K.d. lang">K.d. lang</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Imbruglia" title="Natalie Imbruglia">Natalie Imbruglia</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macy_Gray" title="Macy Gray">Macy Gray</a> (2000)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kylie_Minogue" title="Kylie Minogue">Kylie Minogue</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_(singer)" title="Pink (singer)">Pink</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Stefani" title="Gwen Stefani">Gwen Stefani</a> (2005)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Furtado" title="Nelly Furtado">Nelly Furtado</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kylie_Minogue" title="Kylie Minogue">Kylie Minogue</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Del_Rey" title="Lana Del Rey">Lana Del Rey</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorde" title="Lorde">Lorde</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorde" title="Lorde">Lorde</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture_–_Musical_or_Comedy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actress_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy" title="Template:Golden Globe Award Best Actress Motion Picture Musical or Comedy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actress_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award Best Actress Motion Picture Musical or Comedy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actress_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award Best Actress Motion Picture Musical or Comedy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture_–_Musical_or_Comedy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Musical_or_Comedy" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy">Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1950–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Holliday" title="Judy Holliday">Judy Holliday</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Allyson" title="June Allyson">June Allyson</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Hayward" title="Susan Hayward">Susan Hayward</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Simmons" title="Jean Simmons">Jean Simmons</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Kendall" title="Kay Kendall">Kay Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Taina_Elg" title="Taina Elg">Taina Elg</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Redgrave" title="Lynn Redgrave">Lynn Redgrave</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bancroft" title="Anne Bancroft">Anne Bancroft</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Duke" title="Patty Duke">Patty Duke</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Snodgress" title="Carrie Snodgress">Carrie Snodgress</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twiggy" title="Twiggy">Twiggy</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenda_Jackson" title="Glenda Jackson">Glenda Jackson</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raquel_Welch" title="Raquel Welch">Raquel Welch</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann-Margret" title="Ann-Margret">Ann-Margret</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Keaton" title="Diane Keaton">Diane Keaton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marsha_Mason" title="Marsha Mason">Marsha Mason</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Burstyn" title="Ellen Burstyn">Ellen Burstyn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sissy_Spacek" title="Sissy Spacek">Sissy Spacek</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Peters" title="Bernadette Peters">Bernadette Peters</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Walters" title="Julie Walters">Julie Walters</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Turner" title="Kathleen Turner">Kathleen Turner</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Turner" title="Kathleen Turner">Kathleen Turner</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sissy_Spacek" title="Sissy Spacek">Sissy Spacek</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Griffith" title="Melanie Griffith">Melanie Griffith</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Roberts" title="Julia Roberts">Julia Roberts</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_Richardson" title="Miranda Richardson">Miranda Richardson</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Lee_Curtis" title="Jamie Lee Curtis">Jamie Lee Curtis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> (1995)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hunt" title="Helen Hunt">Helen Hunt</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow" title="Gwyneth Paltrow">Gwyneth Paltrow</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_McTeer" title="Janet McTeer">Janet McTeer</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger" title="Renée Zellweger">Renée Zellweger</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger" title="Renée Zellweger">Renée Zellweger</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Keaton" title="Diane Keaton">Diane Keaton</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Bening" title="Annette Bening">Annette Bening</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reese_Witherspoon" title="Reese Witherspoon">Reese Witherspoon</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Cotillard" title="Marion Cotillard">Marion Cotillard</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Hawkins" title="Sally Hawkins">Sally Hawkins</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Bening" title="Annette Bening">Annette Bening</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Williams_(actress)" title="Michelle Williams (actress)">Michelle Williams</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lawrence" title="Jennifer Lawrence">Jennifer Lawrence</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Adams" title="Amy Adams">Amy Adams</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Adams" title="Amy Adams">Amy Adams</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lawrence" title="Jennifer Lawrence">Jennifer Lawrence</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Stone" title="Emma Stone">Emma Stone</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoirse_Ronan" title="Saoirse Ronan">Saoirse Ronan</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Colman" title="Olivia Colman">Olivia Colman</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awkwafina" title="Awkwafina">Awkwafina</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosamund_Pike" title="Rosamund Pike">Rosamund Pike</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Zegler" title="Rachel Zegler">Rachel Zegler</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Yeoh" title="Michelle Yeoh">Michelle Yeoh</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Stone" title="Emma Stone">Emma Stone</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song">Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%;background: #CFB53B">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Town_Without_Pity_(song)" title="Town Without Pity (song)">Town Without Pity</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Tiomkin" title="Dimitri Tiomkin">Dimitri Tiomkin</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Ned_Washington" title="Ned Washington">Ned Washington</a> (1961)</li> <li>No Award (1962)</li> <li>No Award (1963)</li> <li>"Circus World" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Tiomkin" title="Dimitri Tiomkin">Dimitri Tiomkin</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Ned_Washington" title="Ned Washington">Ned Washington</a> (1964)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Forget_Domani" title="Forget Domani">Forget Domani</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Riz_Ortolani" title="Riz Ortolani">Riz Ortolani</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Newell" title="Norman Newell">Norman Newell</a> (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strangers_in_the_Night" title="Strangers in the Night">Strangers in the Night</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Bert_Kaempfert" title="Bert Kaempfert">Bert Kaempfert</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Singleton_(songwriter)" title="Charles Singleton (songwriter)">Charles Singleton</a> & <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Snyder" title="Eddie Snyder">Eddie Snyder</a> (1966)</li> <li>"If Ever I Would Leave You" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Loewe" title="Frederick Loewe">Frederick Loewe</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Lerner" title="Alan Jay Lerner">Alan Jay Lerner</a> (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Windmills_of_Your_Mind" title="The Windmills of Your Mind">The Windmills of Your Mind</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Michel_Legrand" title="Michel Legrand">Michel Legrand</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Alan_and_Marilyn_Bergman" title="Alan and Marilyn Bergman">Alan and Marilyn Bergman</a> (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jean_(song)" title="Jean (song)">Jean</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Rod_McKuen" title="Rod McKuen">Rod McKuen</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%;background: #CFB53B">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"Whistling Away the Dark" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1970)</li> <li>"Life Is What You Make It" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ben_(song)" title="Ben (song)">Ben</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scharf" title="Walter Scharf">Walter Scharf</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(lyricist)" title="Don Black (lyricist)">Don Black</a> (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Way_We_Were_(song)" title="The Way We Were (song)">The Way We Were</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Alan_and_Marilyn_Bergman" title="Alan and Marilyn Bergman">Alan and Marilyn Bergman</a> (1973)</li> <li>"I Feel Love" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Euel_Box" title="Euel Box">Euel Box</a>; Lyrics by Betty Box (1974)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Easy_(Keith_Carradine_song)" title="I'm Easy (Keith Carradine song)">I'm Easy</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Keith_Carradine" title="Keith Carradine">Keith Carradine</a> (1975)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Evergreen_(Love_Theme_from_A_Star_Is_Born)" title="Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)">Evergreen</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Williams_(songwriter)" title="Paul Williams (songwriter)">Paul Williams</a> (1976)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Light_Up_My_Life_(song)" title="You Light Up My Life (song)">You Light Up My Life</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brooks_(songwriter)" title="Joseph Brooks (songwriter)">Joseph Brooks</a> (1977)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Last_Dance_(Donna_Summer_song)" title="Last Dance (Donna Summer song)">Last Dance</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Jabara" title="Paul Jabara">Paul Jabara</a> (1978)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Rose_(song)" title="The Rose (song)">The Rose</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Amanda_McBroom" title="Amanda McBroom">Amanda McBroom</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%;background: #CFB53B">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Fame_(Irene_Cara_song)" title="Fame (Irene Cara song)">Fame</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gore" title="Michael Gore">Michael Gore</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Dean_Pitchford" title="Dean Pitchford">Dean Pitchford</a> (1980)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Arthur%27s_Theme_(Best_That_You_Can_Do)" title="Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)">Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Allen_(musician)" title="Peter Allen (musician)">Peter Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cross" title="Christopher Cross">Christopher Cross</a> & <a href="/wiki/Carole_Bayer_Sager" title="Carole Bayer Sager">Carole Bayer Sager</a> (1981)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Up_Where_We_Belong" title="Up Where We Belong">Up Where We Belong</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nitzsche" title="Jack Nitzsche">Jack Nitzsche</a> & <a href="/wiki/Buffy_Sainte-Marie" title="Buffy Sainte-Marie">Buffy Sainte-Marie</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Will_Jennings" title="Will Jennings">Wilbur Jennings</a> (1982)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flashdance..._What_a_Feeling" title="Flashdance... What a Feeling">Flashdance... What a Feeling</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Irene_Cara" title="Irene Cara">Irene Cara</a> & <a href="/wiki/Keith_Forsey" title="Keith Forsey">Keith Forsey</a> (1983)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Just_Called_to_Say_I_Love_You" title="I Just Called to Say I Love You">I Just Called to Say I Love You</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Say_You,_Say_Me" title="Say You, Say Me">Say You, Say Me</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a> (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Take_My_Breath_Away" title="Take My Breath Away">Take My Breath Away</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Whitlock" title="Tom Whitlock">Tom Whitlock</a> (1986)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(I%27ve_Had)_The_Time_of_My_Life" title="(I've Had) The Time of My Life">(I've Had) The Time of My Life</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/John_DeNicola" title="John DeNicola">John DeNicola</a> & Donald Markowitz; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Franke_Previte" title="Franke Previte">Franke Previte</a> (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_the_River_Run" title="Let the River Run">Let the River Run</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Carly_Simon" title="Carly Simon">Carly Simon</a> / "<a href="/wiki/Two_Hearts_(Phil_Collins_song)" title="Two Hearts (Phil Collins song)">Two Hearts</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Lamont_Dozier" title="Lamont Dozier">Lamont Dozier</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Under_the_Sea" title="Under the Sea">Under the Sea</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%;background: #CFB53B">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Blaze_of_Glory_(Jon_Bon_Jovi_song)" title="Blaze of Glory (Jon Bon Jovi song)">Blaze of Glory</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Jon_Bon_Jovi" title="Jon Bon Jovi">Jon Bon Jovi</a> (1990)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(Disney_song)" title="Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)">Beauty and the Beast</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (1991)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Whole_New_World" title="A Whole New World">A Whole New World</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Streets_of_Philadelphia" title="Streets of Philadelphia">Streets of Philadelphia</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can_You_Feel_the_Love_Tonight" title="Can You Feel the Love Tonight">Can You Feel the Love Tonight</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Colors_of_the_Wind" title="Colors of the Wind">Colors of the Wind</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz" title="Stephen Schwartz">Stephen Schwartz</a> (1995)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Must_Love_Me" title="You Must Love Me">You Must Love Me</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1996)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On" title="My Heart Will Go On">My Heart Will Go On</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/James_Horner" title="James Horner">James Horner</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Will_Jennings" title="Will Jennings">Wilbur Jennings</a> (1997)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_(Celine_Dion_and_Andrea_Bocelli_song)" title="The Prayer (Celine Dion and Andrea Bocelli song)">The Prayer</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/David_Foster" title="David Foster">David Foster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Renis" title="Tony Renis">Tony Renis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carole_Bayer_Sager" title="Carole Bayer Sager">Carole Bayer Sager</a> & <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Testa_(lyricist)" title="Alberto Testa (lyricist)">Alberto Testa</a> (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_Be_in_My_Heart" title="You'll Be in My Heart">You'll Be in My Heart</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%;background: #CFB53B">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Things_Have_Changed" title="Things Have Changed">Things Have Changed</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (2000)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Until..._(Sting_song)" title="Until... (Sting song)">Until...</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (2001)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Hands_That_Built_America" title="The Hands That Built America">The Hands That Built America</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton" title="Adam Clayton">Adam Clayton</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Edge" title="The Edge">The Edge</a> & <a href="/wiki/Larry_Mullen_Jr." title="Larry Mullen Jr.">Larry Mullen Jr.</a> (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Into_the_West_(song)" title="Into the West (song)">Into the West</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Annie_Lennox" title="Annie Lennox">Annie Lennox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Frances Walsh</a> (2003)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_Habits_Die_Hard" title="Old Habits Die Hard">Old Habits Die Hard</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a> & <a href="/wiki/Dave_Stewart_(Eurythmics)" title="Dave Stewart (Eurythmics)">David A. Stewart</a> (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Love_That_Will_Never_Grow_Old" title="A Love That Will Never Grow Old">A Love That Will Never Grow Old</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Santaolalla" title="Gustavo Santaolalla">Gustavo Santaolalla</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Taupin" title="Bernie Taupin">Bernie Taupin</a> (2005)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_the_Heart" title="The Song of the Heart">The Song of the Heart</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince Rogers Nelson</a> (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Guaranteed_(Eddie_Vedder_song)" title="Guaranteed (Eddie Vedder song)">Guaranteed</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Vedder" title="Eddie Vedder">Eddie Vedder</a> (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Wrestler_(song)" title="The Wrestler (song)">The Wrestler</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Weary_Kind" title="The Weary Kind">The Weary Kind</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Bingham" title="Ryan Bingham">Ryan Bingham</a> & <a href="/wiki/T_Bone_Burnett" title="T Bone Burnett">T Bone Burnett</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%;background: #CFB53B">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Haven%27t_Seen_the_Last_of_Me" title="You Haven't Seen the Last of Me">You Haven't Seen the Last of Me</a>" – Music and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a> (2010)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_(Madonna_song)" title="Masterpiece (Madonna song)">Masterpiece</a>" – Music and lyrics by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Frost" title="Julie Frost">Julie Frost</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Harry" title="Jimmy Harry">Jimmy Harry</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Skyfall_(song)" title="Skyfall (song)">Skyfall</a>" – Music and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele Adkins</a> & <a href="/wiki/Paul_Epworth" title="Paul Epworth">Paul Epworth</a> (2012)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Love_(U2_song)" title="Ordinary Love (U2 song)">Ordinary Love</a>" – Music and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton" title="Adam Clayton">Adam Clayton</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Edge" title="The Edge">The Edge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Mullen_Jr." title="Larry Mullen Jr.">Larry Mullen Jr.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Danger_Mouse_(musician)" title="Danger Mouse (musician)">Danger Mouse</a> (2013)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Glory_(Common_and_John_Legend_song)" title="Glory (Common and John Legend song)">Glory</a>" – Music and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Common_(rapper)" title="Common (rapper)">Common</a> & <a href="/wiki/John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Legend</a> (2014)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Writing%27s_on_the_Wall_(Sam_Smith_song)" title="Writing's on the Wall (Sam Smith song)">Writing's on the Wall</a>" – Music and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Sam_Smith" title="Sam Smith">Sam Smith</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Napes" title="Jimmy Napes">Jimmy Napes</a> (2015)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/City_of_Stars" title="City of Stars">City of Stars</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Hurwitz" title="Justin Hurwitz">Justin Hurwitz</a>; lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Pasek_and_Paul" title="Pasek and Paul">Benj Pasek</a> & <a href="/wiki/Justin_Paul" title="Justin Paul">Justin Paul</a> (2016)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_Me_(The_Greatest_Showman_song)" title="This Is Me (The Greatest Showman song)">This Is Me</a>" – Music and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Pasek_and_Paul" title="Pasek and Paul">Benj Pasek</a> & <a href="/wiki/Justin_Paul" title="Justin Paul">Justin Paul</a> (2017)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shallow_(Lady_Gaga_and_Bradley_Cooper_song)" title="Shallow (Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper song)">Shallow</a>" – Music and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ronson" title="Mark Ronson">Mark Ronson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Rossomando" title="Anthony Rossomando">Anthony Rossomando</a> & <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wyatt" title="Andrew Wyatt">Andrew Wyatt</a> (2018)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(I%27m_Gonna)_Love_Me_Again" title="(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again">(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>; lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Taupin" title="Bernie Taupin">Bernie Taupin</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%;background: #CFB53B">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Io_s%C3%AC_(Seen)" title="Io sì (Seen)">Io sì (Seen)</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laura_Pausini" title="Laura Pausini">Laura Pausini</a> & Niccolò Agliardi (2020)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_Time_to_Die_(song)" title="No Time to Die (song)">No Time to Die</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> & <a href="/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell" title="Finneas O'Connell">Finneas O'Connell</a> (2021)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Naatu_Naatu" title="Naatu Naatu">Naatu Naatu</a>" – Music by <a href="/wiki/M._M._Keeravani" title="M. M. Keeravani">M. M. Keeravani</a>; Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Chandrabose_(lyricist)" title="Chandrabose (lyricist)">Chandrabose</a> (2022)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Was_I_Made_For%3F" title="What Was I Made For?">What Was I Made For?</a>" – Music and Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish O'Connell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell" title="Finneas O'Connell">Finneas O'Connell</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><div><div class="hlist" style="font-size:smaller"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song">Complete List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song_1960s" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song 1960s">(1960s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song_1970s" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song 1970s">(1970s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song_1980s" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song 1980s">(1980s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song_1990s" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song 1990s">(1990s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song_2000s" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song 2000s">(2000s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song_2010s" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song 2010s">(2010s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song_2020s" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song 2020s">(2020s)</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actress" title="Template:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actress" title="Template talk:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actress" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress">Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Shields" title="Brooke Shields">Brooke Shields</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Lagoon_(1980_film)" title="The Blue Lagoon (1980 film)">The Blue Lagoon</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Derek" title="Bo Derek">Bo Derek</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tarzan,_the_Ape_Man_(1981_film)" title="Tarzan, the Ape Man (1981 film)">Tarzan, the Ape Man</a> / <a href="/wiki/Faye_Dunaway" title="Faye Dunaway">Faye Dunaway</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mommie_Dearest_(film)" title="Mommie Dearest (film)">Mommie Dearest</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pia_Zadora" title="Pia Zadora">Pia Zadora</a> – <a href="/wiki/Butterfly_(1982_film)" title="Butterfly (1982 film)">Butterfly</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pia_Zadora" title="Pia Zadora">Pia Zadora</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lonely_Lady" title="The Lonely Lady">The Lonely Lady</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Derek" title="Bo Derek">Bo Derek</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bolero_(1984_film)" title="Bolero (1984 film)">Bolero</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Blair" title="Linda Blair">Linda Blair</a> – <a href="/wiki/Night_Patrol" title="Night Patrol">Night Patrol</a>, Savage Island, and <a href="/wiki/Savage_Streets" title="Savage Streets">Savage Streets</a> (1985)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Surprise" title="Shanghai Surprise">Shanghai Surprise</a> (1986)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> – <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_(1987_film)" title="Who's That Girl (1987 film)">Who's That Girl</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_2:_On_the_Rocks" title="Arthur 2: On the Rocks">Arthur 2: On the Rocks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rent-a-Cop" title="Rent-a-Cop">Rent-a-Cop</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Locklear" title="Heather Locklear">Heather Locklear</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Swamp_Thing" title="The Return of Swamp Thing">The Return of Swamp Thing</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Derek" title="Bo Derek">Bo Derek</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ghosts_Can%27t_Do_It" title="Ghosts Can't Do It">Ghosts Can't Do It</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Young" title="Sean Young">Sean Young</a> – <a href="/wiki/A_Kiss_Before_Dying_(1991_film)" title="A Kiss Before Dying (1991 film)">A Kiss Before Dying</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Griffith" title="Melanie Griffith">Melanie Griffith</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shining_Through" title="Shining Through">Shining Through</a> and <a href="/wiki/A_Stranger_Among_Us" title="A Stranger Among Us">A Stranger Among Us</a> (1992)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> – <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Evidence_(1993_film)" title="Body of Evidence (1993 film)">Body of Evidence</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Stone" title="Sharon Stone">Sharon Stone</a> – <a href="/wiki/Intersection_(1994_film)" title="Intersection (1994 film)">Intersection</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Specialist" title="The Specialist">The Specialist</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Berkley" title="Elizabeth Berkley">Elizabeth Berkley</a> – <a href="/wiki/Showgirls" title="Showgirls">Showgirls</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demi_Moore" title="Demi Moore">Demi Moore</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Juror" title="The Juror">The Juror</a> and <a href="/wiki/Striptease_(film)" title="Striptease (film)">Striptease</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demi_Moore" title="Demi Moore">Demi Moore</a> – <a href="/wiki/G.I._Jane" title="G.I. Jane">G.I. Jane</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">Spice Girls</a> – <a href="/wiki/Spice_World_(film)" title="Spice World (film)">Spice World</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rei_Hance" class="mw-redirect" title="Rei Hance">Heather Donahue</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Blair_Witch_Project" title="The Blair Witch Project">The Blair Witch Project</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Next_Best_Thing" title="The Next Best Thing">The Next Best Thing</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> – <a href="/wiki/Glitter_(film)" title="Glitter (film)">Glitter</a> (2001)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> – <a href="/wiki/Swept_Away_(2002_film)" title="Swept Away (2002 film)">Swept Away</a> / <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> – <a href="/wiki/Crossroads_(2002_film)" title="Crossroads (2002 film)">Crossroads</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez" title="Jennifer Lopez">Jennifer Lopez</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gigli" title="Gigli">Gigli</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_Berry" title="Halle Berry">Halle Berry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catwoman_(film)" title="Catwoman (film)">Catwoman</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_McCarthy" title="Jenny McCarthy">Jenny McCarthy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dirty_Love_(film)" title="Dirty Love (film)">Dirty Love</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Stone" title="Sharon Stone">Sharon Stone</a> – <a href="/wiki/Basic_Instinct_2" title="Basic Instinct 2">Basic Instinct 2</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan" title="Lindsay Lohan">Lindsay Lohan</a> – <a href="/wiki/I_Know_Who_Killed_Me" title="I Know Who Killed Me">I Know Who Killed Me</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Hilton" title="Paris Hilton">Paris Hilton</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Hottie_and_the_Nottie" title="The Hottie and the Nottie">The Hottie and the Nottie</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Bullock" title="Sandra Bullock">Sandra Bullock</a> – <a href="/wiki/All_About_Steve" title="All About Steve">All About Steve</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Cattrall" title="Kim Cattrall">Kim Cattrall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristin_Davis" title="Kristin Davis">Kristin Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Nixon" title="Cynthia Nixon">Cynthia Nixon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker" title="Sarah Jessica Parker">Sarah Jessica Parker</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_City_2" title="Sex and the City 2">Sex and the City 2</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a> (in drag) – <a href="/wiki/Jack_and_Jill_(2011_film)" title="Jack and Jill (2011 film)">Jack and Jill</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Stewart" title="Kristen Stewart">Kristen Stewart</a> – <a href="/wiki/Snow_White_and_the_Huntsman" title="Snow White and the Huntsman">Snow White and the Huntsman</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga:_Breaking_Dawn_%E2%80%93_Part_2" title="The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2">The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Perry" title="Tyler Perry">Tyler Perry</a> (in drag) – <a href="/wiki/A_Madea_Christmas_(film)" title="A Madea Christmas (film)">A Madea Christmas</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Diaz" title="Cameron Diaz">Cameron Diaz</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)" title="The Other Woman (2014 film)">The Other Woman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sex_Tape_(film)" title="Sex Tape (film)">Sex Tape</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Johnson" title="Dakota Johnson">Dakota Johnson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fifty_Shades_of_Grey_(film)" title="Fifty Shades of Grey (film)">Fifty Shades of Grey</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Turner" title="Rebekah Turner">Rebekah Turner</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hillary%27s_America:_The_Secret_History_of_the_Democratic_Party" title="Hillary's America: The Secret History of the Democratic Party">Hillary's America: The Secret History of the Democratic Party</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Perry" title="Tyler Perry">Tyler Perry</a> (in drag) – <a href="/wiki/Boo_2!_A_Madea_Halloween" title="Boo 2! A Madea Halloween">Boo 2! A Madea Halloween</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_McCarthy" title="Melissa McCarthy">Melissa McCarthy</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Happytime_Murders" title="The Happytime Murders">The Happytime Murders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Life_of_the_Party_(2018_film)" title="Life of the Party (2018 film)">Life of the Party</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Duff" title="Hilary Duff">Hilary Duff</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Haunting_of_Sharon_Tate" title="The Haunting of Sharon Tate">The Haunting of Sharon Tate</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Hudson" title="Kate Hudson">Kate Hudson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Music_(2021_film)" title="Music (2021 film)">Music</a> (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanna_de_Waal" title="Jeanna de Waal">Jeanna de Waal</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diana_(musical)" title="Diana (musical)">Diana: The Musical</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Awards" title="Golden Raspberry Awards">Golden Raspberry Awards</a> (for nominating <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Kiera_Armstrong" title="Ryan Kiera Armstrong">Ryan Kiera Armstrong</a>) (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megan_Fox" title="Megan Fox">Megan Fox</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_%26_Clyde" title="Johnny & Clyde">Johnny & Clyde</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actress" title="Template:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actress" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress">Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Irving" title="Amy Irving">Amy Irving</a> – <a href="/wiki/Honeysuckle_Rose_(film)" title="Honeysuckle Rose (film)">Honeysuckle Rose</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Scarwid" title="Diana Scarwid">Diana Scarwid</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mommie_Dearest_(film)" title="Mommie Dearest (film)">Mommie Dearest</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aileen_Quinn" title="Aileen Quinn">Aileen Quinn</a> – <a href="/wiki/Annie_(1982_film)" title="Annie (1982 film)">Annie</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybil_Danning" title="Sybil Danning">Sybil Danning</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chained_Heat" title="Chained Heat">Chained Heat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hercules_(1983_film)" title="Hercules (1983 film)">Hercules</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn-Holly_Johnson" title="Lynn-Holly Johnson">Lynn-Holly Johnson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Where_the_Boys_Are_%2784" title="Where the Boys Are '84">Where the Boys Are '84</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Nielsen" title="Brigitte Nielsen">Brigitte Nielsen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rocky_IV" title="Rocky IV">Rocky IV</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_DeLuise" title="Dom DeLuise">Dom DeLuise</a> (in drag) – <a href="/wiki/Haunted_Honeymoon" title="Haunted Honeymoon">Haunted Honeymoon</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daryl_Hannah" title="Daryl Hannah">Daryl Hannah</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_(1987_film)" title="Wall Street (1987 film)">Wall Street</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristy_McNichol" title="Kristy McNichol">Kristy McNichol</a> – <a href="/wiki/Two_Moon_Junction" title="Two Moon Junction">Two Moon Junction</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Shields" title="Brooke Shields">Brooke Shields</a> – <a href="/wiki/Speed_Zone" title="Speed Zone">Speed Zone</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Coppola" title="Sofia Coppola">Sofia Coppola</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Part_III" title="The Godfather Part III">The Godfather Part III</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Young" title="Sean Young">Sean Young</a> (as the twin who's murdered) – <a href="/wiki/A_Kiss_Before_Dying_(1991_film)" title="A Kiss Before Dying (1991 film)">A Kiss Before Dying</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estelle_Getty" title="Estelle Getty">Estelle Getty</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stop!_Or_My_Mom_Will_Shoot" title="Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot">Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Dunaway" title="Faye Dunaway">Faye Dunaway</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Temp_(film)" title="The Temp (film)">The Temp</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_O%27Donnell" title="Rosie O'Donnell">Rosie O'Donnell</a> – <a href="/wiki/Car_54,_Where_Are_You%3F_(film)" title="Car 54, Where Are You? (film)">Car 54, Where Are You?</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exit_to_Eden_(film)" title="Exit to Eden (film)">Exit to Eden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Flintstones_(film)" title="The Flintstones (film)">The Flintstones</a> (1994)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> – <a href="/wiki/Four_Rooms" title="Four Rooms">Four Rooms</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Griffith" title="Melanie Griffith">Melanie Griffith</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mulholland_Falls" title="Mulholland Falls">Mulholland Falls</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Silverstone" title="Alicia Silverstone">Alicia Silverstone</a> – <a href="/wiki/Batman_%26_Robin_(film)" title="Batman & Robin (film)">Batman & Robin</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pitillo" title="Maria Pitillo">Maria Pitillo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(1998_film)" title="Godzilla (1998 film)">Godzilla</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Richards" title="Denise Richards">Denise Richards</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_World_Is_Not_Enough" title="The World Is Not Enough">The World Is Not Enough</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Preston" title="Kelly Preston">Kelly Preston</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battlefield_Earth_(film)" title="Battlefield Earth (film)">Battlefield Earth</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estella_Warren" title="Estella Warren">Estella Warren</a> – <a href="/wiki/Driven_(2001_film)" title="Driven (2001 film)">Driven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Planet_of_the_Apes_(2001_film)" title="Planet of the Apes (2001 film)">Planet of the Apes</a> (2001)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> – <a href="/wiki/Die_Another_Day" title="Die Another Day">Die Another Day</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demi_Moore" title="Demi Moore">Demi Moore</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charlie%27s_Angels:_Full_Throttle" title="Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle">Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_9/11" title="Fahrenheit 9/11">Fahrenheit 9/11</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Hilton" title="Paris Hilton">Paris Hilton</a> – <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wax_(2005_film)" title="House of Wax (2005 film)">House of Wax</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Electra" title="Carmen Electra">Carmen Electra</a> – <a href="/wiki/Date_Movie" title="Date Movie">Date Movie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scary_Movie_4" title="Scary Movie 4">Scary Movie 4</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a> (in drag) – <a href="/wiki/Norbit" title="Norbit">Norbit</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Hilton" title="Paris Hilton">Paris Hilton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Repo!_The_Genetic_Opera" title="Repo! The Genetic Opera">Repo! The Genetic Opera</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sienna_Miller" title="Sienna Miller">Sienna Miller</a> – <a href="/wiki/G.I._Joe:_The_Rise_of_Cobra" title="G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra">G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Alba" title="Jessica Alba">Jessica Alba</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Killer_Inside_Me_(2010_film)" title="The Killer Inside Me (2010 film)">The Killer Inside Me</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Fockers" title="Little Fockers">Little Fockers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machete_(2010_film)" title="Machete (2010 film)">Machete</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day_(2010_film)" title="Valentine's Day (2010 film)">Valentine's Day</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Spade" title="David Spade">David Spade</a> (in drag) – <a href="/wiki/Jack_and_Jill_(2011_film)" title="Jack and Jill (2011 film)">Jack and Jill</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battleship_(film)" title="Battleship (film)">Battleship</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Kardashian" title="Kim Kardashian">Kim Kardashian</a> – <a href="/wiki/Temptation:_Confessions_of_a_Marriage_Counselor" title="Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor">Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megan_Fox" title="Megan Fox">Megan Fox</a> – <a href="/wiki/Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles_(2014_film)" title="Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaley_Cuoco" title="Kaley Cuoco">Kaley Cuoco</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alvin_and_the_Chipmunks:_The_Road_Chip" title="Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip">Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Wedding_Ringer" title="The Wedding Ringer">The Wedding Ringer</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Wiig" title="Kristen Wiig">Kristen Wiig</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zoolander_2" title="Zoolander 2">Zoolander 2</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Basinger" title="Kim Basinger">Kim Basinger</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fifty_Shades_Darker_(film)" title="Fifty Shades Darker (film)">Fifty Shades Darker</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellyanne_Conway" title="Kellyanne Conway">Kellyanne Conway</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_11/9" title="Fahrenheit 11/9">Fahrenheit 11/9</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Wilson" title="Rebel Wilson">Rebel Wilson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cats_(2019_film)" title="Cats (2019 film)">Cats</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maddie_Ziegler" title="Maddie Ziegler">Maddie Ziegler</a> – <a href="/wiki/Music_(2021_film)" title="Music (2021 film)">Music</a> (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Kaye" title="Judy Kaye">Judy Kaye</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diana_(musical)" title="Diana (musical)">Diana the Musical</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adria_Arjona" title="Adria Arjona">Adria Arjona</a> – <a href="/wiki/Morbius_(film)" title="Morbius (film)">Morbius</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megan_Fox" title="Megan Fox">Megan Fox</a> – <a href="/wiki/Expend4bles" title="Expend4bles">Expend4bles</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Screen_Combo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Screen_Combo" title="Template:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Screen_Combo" title="Template talk:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Screen_Combo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Screen_Combo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Screen_Combo" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo">Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> – <a href="/wiki/Interview_with_the_Vampire_(film)" title="Interview with the Vampire (film)">Interview with the Vampire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Stone" title="Sharon Stone">Sharon Stone</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Specialist" title="The Specialist">The Specialist</a> (1994)</li> <li>Any combination of two people (or two body parts) – <a href="/wiki/Showgirls" title="Showgirls">Showgirls</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demi_Moore" title="Demi Moore">Demi Moore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a> – <a href="/wiki/Striptease_(film)" title="Striptease (film)">Striptease</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Rodman" title="Dennis Rodman">Dennis Rodman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Van_Damme" title="Jean-Claude Van Damme">Jean-Claude Van Damme</a> – <a href="/wiki/Double_Team_(film)" title="Double Team (film)">Double Team</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Twin" title="Twin">twins</a>) – <a href="/wiki/The_Man_in_the_Iron_Mask_(1998_film)" title="The Man in the Iron Mask (1998 film)">The Man in the Iron Mask</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Kline" title="Kevin Kline">Kevin Kline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wild_Wild_West" title="Wild Wild West">Wild Wild West</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Travolta" title="John Travolta">John Travolta</a> and anyone sharing the screen with him – <a href="/wiki/Battlefield_Earth_(film)" title="Battlefield Earth (film)">Battlefield Earth</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Green" title="Tom Green">Tom Green</a> and any animal he abuses – <a href="/wiki/Freddy_Got_Fingered" title="Freddy Got Fingered">Freddy Got Fingered</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriano_Giannini" title="Adriano Giannini">Adriano Giannini</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> – <a href="/wiki/Swept_Away_(2002_film)" title="Swept Away (2002 film)">Swept Away</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez" title="Jennifer Lopez">Jennifer Lopez</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gigli" title="Gigli">Gigli</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and either <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a> or <a href="/wiki/The_Pet_Goat" title="The Pet Goat">his pet goat</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_9/11" title="Fahrenheit 9/11">Fahrenheit 9/11</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Ferrell" title="Will Ferrell">Will Ferrell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bewitched_(2005_film)" title="Bewitched (2005 film)">Bewitched</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawn_Wayans" title="Shawn Wayans">Shawn Wayans</a> and either <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Washington" title="Kerry Washington">Kerry Washington</a> or <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Wayans" title="Marlon Wayans">Marlon Wayans</a> – <a href="/wiki/Little_Man_(2006_film)" title="Little Man (2006 film)">Little Man</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan" title="Lindsay Lohan">Lindsay Lohan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan" title="Lindsay Lohan">Lindsay Lohan</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Twin" title="Twin">twins</a>) – <a href="/wiki/I_Know_Who_Killed_Me" title="I Know Who Killed Me">I Know Who Killed Me</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Hilton" title="Paris Hilton">Paris Hilton</a> and either <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lakin" title="Christine Lakin">Christine Lakin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Joel_David_Moore" title="Joel David Moore">Joel David Moore</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Hottie_and_the_Nottie" title="The Hottie and the Nottie">The Hottie and the Nottie</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Bullock" title="Sandra Bullock">Sandra Bullock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Cooper" title="Bradley Cooper">Bradley Cooper</a> – <a href="/wiki/All_About_Steve" title="All About Steve">All About Steve</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The entire cast of <a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_City_2" title="Sex and the City 2">Sex and the City 2</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a> and either <a href="/wiki/Katie_Holmes" title="Katie Holmes">Katie Holmes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> or <a href="/wiki/Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jack_and_Jill_(2011_film)" title="Jack and Jill (2011 film)">Jack and Jill</a> / The entire cast of <a href="/wiki/Jack_and_Jill_(2011_film)" title="Jack and Jill (2011 film)">Jack and Jill</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Foy" title="Mackenzie Foy">Mackenzie Foy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Lautner" title="Taylor Lautner">Taylor Lautner</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga:_Breaking_Dawn_%E2%80%93_Part_2" title="The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2">The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2</a> / The entire cast of <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga:_Breaking_Dawn_%E2%80%93_Part_2" title="The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2">The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaden_Smith" title="Jaden Smith">Jaden Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> on planet nepotism – <a href="/wiki/After_Earth" title="After Earth">After Earth</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Cameron" title="Kirk Cameron">Kirk Cameron</a> and his ego – <a href="/wiki/Saving_Christmas" title="Saving Christmas">Saving Christmas</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Dornan" title="Jamie Dornan">Jamie Dornan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dakota_Johnson" title="Dakota Johnson">Dakota Johnson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fifty_Shades_of_Grey_(film)" title="Fifty Shades of Grey (film)">Fifty Shades of Grey</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavill" title="Henry Cavill">Henry Cavill</a> – <a href="/wiki/Batman_v_Superman:_Dawn_of_Justice" title="Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice">Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice</a> (2016)</li> <li>Any two obnoxious <a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emojis</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Emoji_Movie" title="The Emoji Movie">The Emoji Movie</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and "His Self Perpetuating Pettiness" – <a href="/wiki/Death_of_a_Nation_(2018_film)" title="Death of a Nation (2018 film)">Death of a Nation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_11/9" title="Fahrenheit 11/9">Fahrenheit 11/9</a> (2018)</li> <li>Any two half-feline/half-human hairballs – <a href="/wiki/Cats_(2019_film)" title="Cats (2019 film)">Cats</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> and his pants zipper – <a href="/wiki/Borat_Subsequent_Moviefilm" title="Borat Subsequent Moviefilm">Borat Subsequent Moviefilm</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeBron_James" title="LeBron James">LeBron James</a> and any <a href="/wiki/List_of_Looney_Tunes_and_Merrie_Melodies_characters" title="List of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies characters">Warner cartoon character</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Time-Warner</a> product) he dribbles on – <a href="/wiki/Space_Jam:_A_New_Legacy" title="Space Jam: A New Legacy">Space Jam: A New Legacy</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> and his latex-laden face (and ludicrous accent) – <a href="/wiki/Elvis_(2022_film)" title="Elvis (2022 film)">Elvis</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnie-the-Pooh" title="Winnie-the-Pooh">Pooh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piglet_(Winnie-the-Pooh)" title="Piglet (Winnie-the-Pooh)">Piglet</a> (as Blood-Thirsty Slasher/Killers) – <a href="/wiki/Winnie-the-Pooh:_Blood_and_Honey" title="Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey">Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><div>Between 2010–2012, the category also included Worst Screen Ensemble.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Vocal_Album" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Vocal_Album" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Vocal_Album" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Vocal_Album" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Vocal_Album" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Vocal_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album">Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longing_in_Their_Hearts" title="Longing in Their Hearts">Longing in Their Hearts</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbulent_Indigo" title="Turbulent Indigo">Turbulent Indigo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falling_into_You" title="Falling into You">Falling into You</a> – <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hourglass_(James_Taylor_album)" title="Hourglass (James Taylor album)">Hourglass</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light" title="Ray of Light">Ray of Light</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_New_Day_(Sting_album)" title="Brand New Day (Sting album)">Brand New Day</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two_Against_Nature" title="Two Against Nature">Two Against Nature</a> – <a href="/wiki/Steely_Dan" title="Steely Dan">Steely Dan</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovers_Rock_(Sade_album)" title="Lovers Rock (Sade album)">Lovers Rock</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sade_(band)" title="Sade (band)">Sade</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Come_Away_with_Me" title="Come Away with Me">Come Away with Me</a> – <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justified_(album)" title="Justified (album)">Justified</a> – <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_Loves_Company" title="Genius Loves Company">Genius Loves Company</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a> and various artists (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakaway_(Kelly_Clarkson_album)" title="Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson album)">Breakaway</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuum_(John_Mayer_album)" title="Continuum (John Mayer album)">Continuum</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Mayer" title="John Mayer">John Mayer</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_Black" title="Back to Black">Back to Black</a> – <a href="/wiki/Amy_Winehouse" title="Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockferry" title="Rockferry">Rockferry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duffy_(singer)" title="Duffy (singer)">Duffy</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_E.N.D." title="The E.N.D.">The E.N.D.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Black_Eyed_Peas" title="Black Eyed Peas">Black Eyed Peas</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Fame_Monster" title="The Fame Monster">The Fame Monster</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_(Adele_album)" title="21 (Adele album)">21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stronger_(Kelly_Clarkson_album)" title="Stronger (Kelly Clarkson album)">Stronger</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unorthodox_Jukebox" title="Unorthodox Jukebox">Unorthodox Jukebox</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Lonely_Hour" title="In the Lonely Hour">In the Lonely Hour</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sam_Smith" title="Sam Smith">Sam Smith</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_(album)" title="1989 (album)">1989</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_(Adele_album)" title="25 (Adele album)">25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%B7_(album)" title="÷ (album)">÷</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ed_Sheeran" title="Ed Sheeran">Ed Sheeran</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetener_(album)" title="Sweetener (album)">Sweetener</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/When_We_All_Fall_Asleep,_Where_Do_We_Go%3F" title="When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?">When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Future_Nostalgia" title="Future Nostalgia">Future Nostalgia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dua_Lipa" title="Dua Lipa">Dua Lipa</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sour_(album)" title="Sour (album)">Sour</a> – <a href="/wiki/Olivia_Rodrigo" title="Olivia Rodrigo">Olivia Rodrigo</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry%27s_House" title="Harry's House">Harry's House</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harry_Styles" title="Harry Styles">Harry Styles</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnights" title="Midnights">Midnights</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><div>From 1968–1993, the category was discontinued.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Song_Written_for_Visual_Media" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Song_Written_for_Visual_Media" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Song_Written_for_Visual_Media" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Song_Written_for_Visual_Media" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Song_Written_for_Visual_Media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Song_Written_for_Visual_Media" title="Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media">Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Somewhere_Out_There_(An_American_Tail_song)" title="Somewhere Out There (An American Tail song)">Somewhere Out There</a>" – <a href="/wiki/James_Horner" title="James Horner">James Horner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Mann" title="Barry Mann">Barry Mann</a> & <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Weil" title="Cynthia Weil">Cynthia Weil</a> (songwriters) (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Two_Hearts_(Phil_Collins_song)" title="Two Hearts (Phil Collins song)">Two Hearts</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lamont_Dozier" title="Lamont Dozier">Lamont Dozier</a> (songwriters) (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_the_River_Run" title="Let the River Run">Let the River Run</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Carly_Simon" title="Carly Simon">Carly Simon</a> (songwriter) (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Under_the_Sea" title="Under the Sea">Under the Sea</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> & <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (songwriters) (1990)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(Everything_I_Do)_I_Do_It_for_You" title="(Everything I Do) I Do It for You">(Everything I Do) I Do It for You</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Robert_John_%22Mutt%22_Lange" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert John "Mutt" Lange">Robert John "Mutt" Lange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kamen" title="Michael Kamen">Michael Kamen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Adams" title="Bryan Adams">Bryan Adams</a> (songwriters) (1991)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(Disney_song)" title="Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)">Beauty and the Beast</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> & <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (songwriters) (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Whole_New_World" title="A Whole New World">A Whole New World</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (songwriters) (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Streets_of_Philadelphia" title="Streets of Philadelphia">Streets of Philadelphia</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (songwriter) (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Colors_of_the_Wind" title="Colors of the Wind">Colors of the Wind</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> & <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz" title="Stephen Schwartz">Stephen Schwartz</a> (songwriters) (1995)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Because_You_Loved_Me" title="Because You Loved Me">Because You Loved Me</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a> (songwriter) (1996)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Believe_I_Can_Fly" title="I Believe I Can Fly">I Believe I Can Fly</a>" – <a href="/wiki/R._Kelly" title="R. Kelly">R. Kelly</a> (songwriter) (1997)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On" title="My Heart Will Go On">My Heart Will Go On</a>" – <a href="/wiki/James_Horner" title="James Horner">James Horner</a> & <a href="/wiki/Will_Jennings" title="Will Jennings">Will Jennings</a> (songwriters) (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Stranger" title="Beautiful Stranger">Beautiful Stranger</a>" – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> & <a href="/wiki/William_Orbit" title="William Orbit">William Orbit</a> (songwriters) (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/When_She_Loved_Me" title="When She Loved Me">When She Loved Me</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a> (songwriter) (2000)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boss_of_Me" title="Boss of Me">Boss of Me</a>" – <a href="/wiki/John_Flansburgh" title="John Flansburgh">John Flansburgh</a> & <a href="/wiki/John_Linnell" title="John Linnell">John Linnell</a> (songwriters) (2001)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/If_I_Didn%27t_Have_You_(Disney_song)" title="If I Didn't Have You (Disney song)">If I Didn't Have You</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a> (songwriter) (2002)</li> <li>"A Mighty Wind" – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Guest" title="Christopher Guest">Christopher Guest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Levy" title="Eugene Levy">Eugene Levy</a> & <a href="/wiki/Michael_McKean" title="Michael McKean">Michael McKean</a> (songwriters) (2003)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Into_the_West_(song)" title="Into the West (song)">Into the West</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Annie_Lennox" title="Annie Lennox">Annie Lennox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a> (songwriters) (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Believe_(Josh_Groban_song)" title="Believe (Josh Groban song)">Believe</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Glen_Ballard" title="Glen Ballard">Glen Ballard</a> & <a href="/wiki/Alan_Silvestri" title="Alan Silvestri">Alan Silvestri</a> (songwriters) (2005)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Our_Town_(James_Taylor_song)" title="Our Town (James Taylor song)">Our Town</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a> (songwriter) (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_You_I_Do" title="Love You I Do">Love You I Do</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Siedah_Garrett" title="Siedah Garrett">Siedah Garrett</a> & <a href="/wiki/Henry_Krieger" title="Henry Krieger">Henry Krieger</a> (songwriters) (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Down_to_Earth_(Peter_Gabriel_song)" title="Down to Earth (Peter Gabriel song)">Down to Earth</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a> & <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newman" title="Thomas Newman">Thomas Newman</a> (songwriters) (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jai_Ho_(song)" title="Jai Ho (song)">Jai Ho</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Gulzar" title="Gulzar">Gulzar</a>, <a href="/wiki/A._R._Rahman" title="A. R. Rahman">A. R. Rahman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tanvi_Shah" title="Tanvi Shah">Tanvi Shah</a> (songwriters) (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Weary_Kind" title="The Weary Kind">The Weary Kind</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Bingham" title="Ryan Bingham">Ryan Bingham</a> & <a href="/wiki/T_Bone_Burnett" title="T Bone Burnett">T Bone Burnett</a> (songwriters) (2010)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_See_the_Light" title="I See the Light">I See the Light</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> & <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Slater" title="Glenn Slater">Glenn Slater</a> (songwriters) (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Safe_%26_Sound_(Taylor_Swift_song)" title="Safe & Sound (Taylor Swift song)">Safe & Sound</a>" – <a href="/wiki/T_Bone_Burnett" title="T Bone Burnett">T Bone Burnett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joy_Williams_(singer)" title="Joy Williams (singer)">Joy Williams</a> & <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_White" title="John Paul White">John Paul White</a> (songwriters) (2012)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Skyfall_(song)" title="Skyfall (song)">Skyfall</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele Atkins</a> & <a href="/wiki/Paul_Epworth" title="Paul Epworth">Paul Epworth</a> (songwriters) (2013)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_It_Go" title="Let It Go">Let It Go</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Anderson-Lopez" title="Kristen Anderson-Lopez">Kristen Anderson-Lopez</a> & <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a> (songwriters) (2014)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Glory_(Common_and_John_Legend_song)" title="Glory (Common and John Legend song)">Glory</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Common_(rapper)" title="Common (rapper)">Common</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhymefest" title="Rhymefest">Che Smith</a> & <a href="/wiki/John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Legend</a> (songwriters) (2015)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Stop_the_Feeling!" title="Can't Stop the Feeling!">Can't Stop the Feeling!</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Max_Martin" title="Max Martin">Max Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shellback_(record_producer)" title="Shellback (record producer)">Shellback</a> & <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a> (songwriters) (2016)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Far_I%27ll_Go" title="How Far I'll Go">How Far I'll Go</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> (songwriter) (2017)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shallow_(Lady_Gaga_and_Bradley_Cooper_song)" title="Shallow (Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper song)">Shallow</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ronson" title="Mark Ronson">Mark Ronson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Rossomando" title="Anthony Rossomando">Anthony Rossomando</a> & <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wyatt" title="Andrew Wyatt">Andrew Wyatt</a> (songwriters) (2018)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Never_Love_Again" title="I'll Never Love Again">I'll Never Love Again</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Hemby" title="Natalie Hemby">Natalie Hemby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Lindsey" title="Hillary Lindsey">Hillary Lindsey</a> & Aaron Raitiere (songwriters) (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/No_Time_to_Die_(song)" title="No Time to Die (song)">No Time to Die</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish O'Connell</a> & <a href="/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell" title="Finneas O'Connell">Finneas O'Connell</a> (songwriters) (2020)</li> <li>"All Eyes on Me" – <a href="/wiki/Bo_Burnham" title="Bo Burnham">Bo Burnham</a> (songwriter) (2021)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Don%27t_Talk_About_Bruno" title="We Don't Talk About Bruno">We Don't Talk About Bruno</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> (songwriter) (2022)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Was_I_Made_For%3F" title="What Was I Made For?">What Was I Made For?</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish O'Connell</a> & <a href="/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell" title="Finneas O'Connell">Finneas O'Connell</a> (songwriters) (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Music Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Music Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Music Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film" title="Grammy Award for Best Music Film">Grammy Award for Best Music Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1983–1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duran_Duran_(1983_video)" title="Duran Duran (1983 video)">Duran Duran</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duran_Duran" title="Duran Duran">Duran Duran</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson%27s_Thriller_(music_video)" title="Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)">Making Michael Jackson's Thriller</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (1984)</li> <li>Huey Lewis & The News: The Heart of Rock 'n Roll – <a href="/wiki/Huey_Lewis_and_the_News" title="Huey Lewis and the News">Huey Lewis and the News</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bring_On_the_Night" title="Bring On the Night">Bring On the Night</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Performance_Music_Video" title="Grammy Award for Best Performance Music Video">Best Performance Music Video</a> (1987−1988)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The Prince's Trust All-Star Rock Concert – Various Artists (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_the_Streets_Have_No_Name" title="Where the Streets Have No Name">Where the Streets Have No Name</a>" – <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1989–2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_Nation_1814_(film)" title="Rhythm Nation 1814 (film)">Rhythm Nation 1814</a> – <a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Please_Hammer_Don%27t_Hurt_%27Em" title="Please Hammer Don't Hurt 'Em">Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie</a> – <a href="/wiki/MC_Hammer" title="MC Hammer">MC Hammer</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blond_Ambition_World_Tour_Live" title="Blond Ambition World Tour Live">Live! – Blond Ambition World Tour 90</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_(Annie_Lennox_album)" title="Diva (Annie Lennox album)">Diva</a> – <a href="/wiki/Annie_Lennox" title="Annie Lennox">Annie Lennox</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Summoner%27s_Tales" title="Ten Summoner's Tales">Ten Summoner's Tales</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_TV:_Live_from_Sydney" title="Zoo TV: Live from Sydney">Zoo TV: Live from Sydney</a> – <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_World_Live" title="Secret World Live">Secret World Live</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Anthology" title="The Beatles Anthology">The Beatles Anthology</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagged_Little_Pill,_Live" title="Jagged Little Pill, Live">Jagged Little Pill, Live</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alanis_Morissette" title="Alanis Morissette">Alanis Morissette</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Masters" title="American Masters">American Masters</a>: Lou Reed: Rock & Roll Heart – <a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a> (1998)</li> <li>Band of Gypsys: Live at Fillmore East – <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a> (1999)</li> <li>Gimme Some Truth: The Making of John Lennon's Imagine Album – <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> (2000)</li> <li>Recording The Producers: A Musical Romp with Mel Brooks – <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clash:_Westway_to_the_World" title="The Clash: Westway to the World">Westway to the World</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">The Clash</a> (2002)</li> <li>Legend – <a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_for_George_(album)" title="Concert for George (album)">Concert for George</a> – Various Artists (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Direction_Home" title="No Direction Home">No Direction Home</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run">Wings for Wheels: The Making of Born to Run</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_Tour_(album)" title="The Confessions Tour (album)">The Confessions Tour</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runnin%27_Down_a_Dream_(film)" title="Runnin' Down a Dream (film)">Runnin' Down a Dream</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tom_Petty_and_the_Heartbreakers" title="Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers">Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Together_Now_(2008_film)" title="All Together Now (2008 film)">The Beatles Love – All Together Now</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/When_You%27re_Strange" title="When You're Strange">When You're Strange: A Film About The Doors</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Doors" title="The Doors">The Doors</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foo_Fighters:_Back_and_Forth" title="Foo Fighters: Back and Forth">Back and Forth</a> – <a href="/wiki/Foo_Fighters" title="Foo Fighters">Foo Fighters</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sharpe_and_the_Magnetic_Zeros#Big_Easy_Express_and_second_studio_album_(Here)" title="Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros">Big Easy Express</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mumford_%26_Sons" title="Mumford & Sons">Mumford & Sons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Sharpe_and_the_Magnetic_Zeros" title="Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros">Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Crow_Medicine_Show" title="Old Crow Medicine Show">Old Crow Medicine Show</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Live_from_Capitol_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="ITunes Live from Capitol Studios">Live Kisses</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Feet_from_Stardom" title="20 Feet from Stardom">20 Feet from Stardom</a> – <a href="/wiki/Darlene_Love" title="Darlene Love">Darlene Love</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merry_Clayton" title="Merry Clayton">Merry Clayton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Fischer" title="Lisa Fischer">Lisa Fischer</a> & <a href="/wiki/Judith_Hill" title="Judith Hill">Judith Hill</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_(2015_film)" title="Amy (2015 film)">Amy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Amy_Winehouse" title="Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_Eight_Days_a_Week" title="The Beatles: Eight Days a Week">The Beatles: Eight Days a Week - The Touring Years</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Defiant_Ones_(TV_series)" title="The Defiant Ones (TV series)">The Defiant Ones</a> – Various Artists (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_(film)" title="Quincy (film)">Quincy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homecoming:_A_Film_by_Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Homecoming: A Film by Beyoncé">Homecoming: A Film by Beyoncé</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt:_The_Sound_of_My_Voice" title="Linda Ronstadt: The Sound of My Voice">Linda Ronstadt: The Sound of My Voice</a> – <a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_of_Soul" title="Summer of Soul">Summer of Soul</a> – Various Artists (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Fest:_A_New_Orleans_Story" title="Jazz Fest: A New Orleans Story">Jazz Fest: A New Orleans Story</a> – Various Artists (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonage_Daydream_(film)" title="Moonage Daydream (film)">Moonage Daydream</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Video" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Video" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Music Video"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Video" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Music Video"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Video" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Music Video"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Video" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Video" title="Grammy Award for Best Music Video">Grammy Award for Best Music Video</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Video_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Video of the Year">Video of the Year</a> (1981−1982)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_Parts" title="Elephant Parts">Elephant Parts</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nesmith" title="Michael Nesmith">Michael Nesmith</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Physical" title="Olivia Physical">Olivia Physical</a> – <a href="/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1983–1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Girls_on_Film" title="Girls on Film">Girls on Film</a>" / "<a href="/wiki/Hungry_Like_the_Wolf" title="Hungry Like the Wolf">Hungry Like the Wolf</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Duran_Duran" title="Duran Duran">Duran Duran</a> (1983)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jazzin%27_for_Blue_Jean" title="Jazzin' for Blue Jean">Jazzin' for Blue Jean</a>" – <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_World" title="We Are the World">We Are the World</a>" – <a href="/wiki/USA_for_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="USA for Africa">USA for Africa</a> (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Brothers_in_Arms_(song)" title="Brothers in Arms (song)">Brothers in Arms</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Dire_Straits" title="Dire Straits">Dire Straits</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Concept_Music_Video" title="Grammy Award for Best Concept Music Video">Best Concept Music Video</a> (1987−1988)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Land_of_Confusion" title="Land of Confusion">Land of Confusion</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Genesis</a> (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fat_(song)" title="Fat (song)">Fat</a>" – <a href="/wiki/%22Weird_Al%22_Yankovic" title=""Weird Al" Yankovic">"Weird Al" Yankovic</a> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1989–2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Leave_Me_Alone_(Michael_Jackson_song)" title="Leave Me Alone (Michael Jackson song)">Leave Me Alone</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (1989)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Opposites_Attract" title="Opposites Attract">Opposites Attract</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Paula_Abdul" title="Paula Abdul">Paula Abdul</a> (1990)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Losing_My_Religion" title="Losing My Religion">Losing My Religion</a>" – <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a> (1991)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Digging_in_the_Dirt" title="Digging in the Dirt">Digging in the Dirt</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Steam_(Peter_Gabriel_song)" title="Steam (Peter Gabriel song)">Steam</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a> (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Is_Strong" title="Love Is Strong">Love Is Strong</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a> (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Scream_(Michael_Jackson_and_Janet_Jackson_song)" title="Scream (Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson song)">Scream</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (1995)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Free_as_a_Bird" title="Free as a Bird">Free as a Bird</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (1996)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Got_%27til_It%27s_Gone" title="Got 'til It's Gone">Got 'til It's Gone</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (1997)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light_(song)" title="Ray of Light (song)">Ray of Light</a>" – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Freak_on_a_Leash" title="Freak on a Leash">Freak on a Leash</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Korn" title="Korn">Korn</a> (1999)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Learn_to_Fly" title="Learn to Fly">Learn to Fly</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Foo_Fighters" title="Foo Fighters">Foo Fighters</a> (2000)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Weapon_of_Choice_(song)" title="Weapon of Choice (song)">Weapon of Choice</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Fatboy_Slim" title="Fatboy Slim">Fatboy Slim</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Bootsy_Collins" title="Bootsy Collins">Bootsy Collins</a> (2001)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Without_Me_(Eminem_song)" title="Without Me (Eminem song)">Without Me</a>" - <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a> (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hurt_(Nine_Inch_Nails_song)" title="Hurt (Nine Inch Nails song)">Hurt</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a> (2003)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vertigo_(U2_song)" title="Vertigo (U2 song)">Vertigo</a>" – <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lose_Control_(Missy_Elliott_song)" title="Lose Control (Missy Elliott song)">Lose Control</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Missy_Elliott" title="Missy Elliott">Missy Elliott</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Ciara" title="Ciara">Ciara</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fatman_Scoop" title="Fatman Scoop">Fatman Scoop</a> (2005)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Here_It_Goes_Again" title="Here It Goes Again">Here It Goes Again</a>" – <a href="/wiki/OK_Go" title="OK Go">OK Go</a> (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/God%27s_Gonna_Cut_You_Down" title="God's Gonna Cut You Down">God's Gonna Cut You Down</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a> (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pork_and_Beans_(song)" title="Pork and Beans (song)">Pork and Beans</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Weezer" title="Weezer">Weezer</a> (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boom_Boom_Pow" title="Boom Boom Pow">Boom Boom Pow</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Black_Eyed_Peas" title="Black Eyed Peas">Black Eyed Peas</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Bad_Romance" title="Bad Romance">Bad Romance</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2010)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rolling_in_the_Deep" title="Rolling in the Deep">Rolling in the Deep</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Found_Love_(music_video)" title="We Found Love (music video)">We Found Love</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Harris" title="Calvin Harris">Calvin Harris</a> (2012)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Suit_%26_Tie" title="Suit & Tie">Suit & Tie</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Jay-Z</a> (2013)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Happy_(Pharrell_Williams_song)" title="Happy (Pharrell Williams song)">Happy</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Pharrell_Williams" title="Pharrell Williams">Pharrell Williams</a> (2014)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bad_Blood_(Taylor_Swift_song)" title="Bad Blood (Taylor Swift song)">Bad Blood</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar" title="Kendrick Lamar">Kendrick Lamar</a> (2015)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Formation_(song)" title="Formation (song)">Formation</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2016)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Humble_(song)" title="Humble (song)">Humble</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar" title="Kendrick Lamar">Kendrick Lamar</a> (2017)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)" title="This Is America (song)">This Is America</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Donald_Glover" title="Donald Glover">Childish Gambino</a> (2018)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Road" title="Old Town Road">Old Town Road</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lil_Nas_X" title="Lil Nas X">Lil Nas X</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Billy_Ray_Cyrus" title="Billy Ray Cyrus">Billy Ray Cyrus</a> (2019)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Brown_Skin_Girl" title="Brown Skin Girl">Brown Skin Girl</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ivy_Carter" title="Blue Ivy Carter">Blue Ivy</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wizkid" title="Wizkid">Wizkid</a> (2020)</li> <li>"Freedom" – <a href="/wiki/Jon_Batiste" title="Jon Batiste">Jon Batiste</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Too_Well:_The_Short_Film" title="All Too Well: The Short Film">All Too Well: The Short Film</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2022)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Only_Sleeping" title="I'm Only Sleeping">I'm Only Sleeping</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award" title="Template:Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award" title="Template talk:Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award" title="Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award">Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lester" title="Richard Lester">Richard Lester</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Byrne" title="David Byrne">David Byrne</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Mulcahy" title="Russell Mulcahy">Russell Mulcahy</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godley_%26_Creme" title="Godley & Creme">Godley & Creme</a> (1985)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Rybczy%C5%84ski" title="Zbigniew Rybczyński">Zbigniew Rybczyński</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Temple" title="Julien Temple">Julien Temple</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Michael" title="George Michael">George Michael</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon_Jovi" title="Bon Jovi">Bon Jovi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Isham" title="Wayne Isham">Wayne Isham</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guns_N%27_Roses" title="Guns N' Roses">Guns N' Roses</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Petty" title="Tom Petty">Tom Petty</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LL_Cool_J" title="LL Cool J">LL Cool J</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Romanek" title="Mark Romanek">Mark Romanek</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beastie_Boys" title="Beastie Boys">Beastie Boys</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers" title="Red Hot Chili Peppers">Red Hot Chili Peppers</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duran_Duran" title="Duran Duran">Duran Duran</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hype_Williams" title="Hype Williams">Hype Williams</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_(singer)" title="Pink (singer)"> Pink</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez" title="Jennifer Lopez">Jennifer Lopez</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missy_Elliott" title="Missy Elliott">Missy Elliott</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicki_Minaj" title="Nicki Minaj">Nicki Minaj</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakira" title="Shakira">Shakira</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Electronic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Electronic" title="Template:MTV Europe Music Award for Best Electronic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Electronic" title="Template talk:MTV Europe Music Award for Best Electronic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Electronic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MTV Europe Music Award for Best Electronic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Electronic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Electronic" title="MTV Europe Music Award for Best Electronic">MTV Europe Music Award for Best Electronic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigy" title="The Prodigy">The Prodigy</a> (1994, 1996-1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_17" title="East 17">East 17</a> (1995)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorillaz" title="Gorillaz">Gorillaz</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kylie_Minogue" title="Kylie Minogue">Kylie Minogue</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjabi_MC" title="Panjabi MC">Panjabi MC</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Guetta" title="David Guetta">David Guetta</a> (2012, 2017, 2020-2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicii" title="Avicii">Avicii</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Harris" title="Calvin Harris">Calvin Harris</a> (2014, 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Garrix" title="Martin Garrix">Martin Garrix</a> (2015-2016, 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshmello" title="Marshmello">Marshmello</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Female" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Female" title="Template:MTV Europe Music Award for Best Female"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Female" title="Template talk:MTV Europe Music Award for Best Female"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Female" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MTV Europe Music Award for Best Female"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Female" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Female" title="MTV Europe Music Award for Best Female">MTV Europe Music Award for Best Female</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanis_Morissette" title="Alanis Morissette">Alanis Morissette</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> (1999)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez" title="Jennifer Lopez">Jennifer Lopez</a> (2001–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakira" title="Shakira">Shakira</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2010–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Choreography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Choreography" title="Template:MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Choreography" title="Template talk:MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Choreography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Choreography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Choreography" title="MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography">MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Peters_(choreographer)" title="Michael Peters (choreographer)">Michael Peters</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Atkins" title="David Atkins">David Atkins</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Abdul" title="Paula Abdul">Paula Abdul</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Lather" title="Barry Lather">Barry Lather</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Abdul" title="Paula Abdul">Paula Abdul</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> and Anthony Thomas (1990)</li> <li>Jamale Graves (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gatson,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Gatson, Jr.">Frank Gatson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travis_Payne" title="Travis Payne">Travis Payne</a> and <a href="/wiki/LaVelle_Smith_Jr." title="LaVelle Smith Jr.">LaVelle Smith Jr.</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gatson,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Gatson, Jr.">Frank Gatson</a>, <a href="/wiki/LaVelle_Smith_Jr." title="LaVelle Smith Jr.">LaVelle Smith Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Travis_Payne" title="Travis Payne">Travis Payne</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gatson,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Gatson, Jr.">Frank Gatson</a> and Randy Connor (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaVelle_Smith_Jr." title="LaVelle Smith Jr.">LaVelle Smith Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tina_Landon" title="Tina Landon">Tina Landon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travis_Payne" title="Travis Payne">Travis Payne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sean_Cheesman" title="Sean Cheesman">Sean Cheesman</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rooney" title="Michael Rooney">Michael Rooney</a> (1996)</li> <li>Peggy Hickey (1997)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonas_%C3%85kerlund" title="Jonas Åkerlund">Jonas Åkerlund</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Jonze" title="Spike Jonze">Richard Koufey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rooney" title="Michael Rooney">Michael Rooney</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrin_Henson" title="Darrin Henson">Darrin Henson</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rooney" title="Michael Rooney">Michael Rooney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spike_Jonze" title="Spike Jonze">Spike Jonze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Walken" title="Christopher Walken">Christopher Walken</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rooney" title="Michael Rooney">Michael Rooney</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gatson,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Gatson, Jr.">Frank Gatson</a> and <a href="/wiki/LaVelle_Smith_Jr." title="LaVelle Smith Jr.">LaVelle Smith Jr.</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Robinson" title="Fatima Robinson">Fatima Robinson</a> (2004)</li> <li>Kishaya Dudley (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakira" title="Shakira">Shakira</a> (2006)</li> <li>Marty Kudelka (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rooney" title="Michael Rooney">Michael Rooney</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gatson,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Gatson, Jr.">Frank Gatson</a> and <a href="/wiki/JaQuel_Knight" title="JaQuel Knight">JaQuel Knight</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurieann_Gibson" title="Laurieann Gibson">Laurieann Gibson</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gatson,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Gatson, Jr.">Frank Gatson</a>, Sheryl Murakami and Jeffrey Page (2011)</li> <li>Anwar "Flii" Burton (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Heffington" title="Ryan Heffington">Ryan Heffington</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_Go" title="OK Go">OK Go</a>, air:man and Mori Harano (2015)</li> <li>Chris Grant, <a href="/wiki/JaQuel_Knight" title="JaQuel Knight">JaQuel Knight</a> and Dana Foglia (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teyana_Taylor" title="Teyana Taylor">Teyana Taylor</a>, Guapo, Matthew Pasterisa, Jae Blaze and <a href="/wiki/Fonzworth_Bentley" title="Fonzworth Bentley">Derek Watkins</a> (2017)</li> <li>Sherrie Silver (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charm_La%27Donna" title="Charm La'Donna">Charm La'Donna</a> (2019)</li> <li>The Lab and Son Sung Deuk (2020)</li> <li>Paul Roberts (2021)</li> <li>Fullout Cortland (2022)</li> <li>Kiel Tutin, Sienna Lalau, <a href="/wiki/Leejung_Lee" title="Leejung Lee">Lee Jung</a> and Taryn Cheng (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charm_La%27Donna" title="Charm La'Donna">Charm La'Donna</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Video_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Video_of_the_Year" title="Template:MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Video_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Video_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Video_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Video_of_the_Year" title="MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year">MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Might_Think" title="You Might Think">You Might Think</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_Cars" title="The Cars">The Cars</a> (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Boys_of_Summer_(song)" title="The Boys of Summer (song)">The Boys of Summer</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Don_Henley" title="Don Henley">Don Henley</a> (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Money_for_Nothing_(song)" title="Money for Nothing (song)">Money for Nothing</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Dire_Straits" title="Dire Straits">Dire Straits</a> (1986)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sledgehammer_(Peter_Gabriel_song)" title="Sledgehammer (Peter Gabriel song)">Sledgehammer</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a> (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Need_You_Tonight" title="Need You Tonight">Need You Tonight</a>" / "<a href="/wiki/Mediate_(song)" title="Mediate (song)">Mediate</a>" – <a href="/wiki/INXS" title="INXS">INXS</a> (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Note%27s_for_You" title="This Note's for You">This Note's for You</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Nothing_Compares_2_U" title="Nothing Compares 2 U">Nothing Compares 2 U</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor" title="Sinéad O'Connor">Sinéad O'Connor</a> (1990)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Losing_My_Religion" title="Losing My Religion">Losing My Religion</a>" – <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a> (1991)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Right_Now_(Van_Halen_song)" title="Right Now (Van Halen song)">Right Now</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Van_Halen" title="Van Halen">Van Halen</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jeremy_(song)" title="Jeremy (song)">Jeremy</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Jam" title="Pearl Jam">Pearl Jam</a> (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cryin%27_(Aerosmith_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryin' (Aerosmith song)">Cryin'</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a> (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Waterfalls_(TLC_song)" title="Waterfalls (TLC song)">Waterfalls</a>" – <a href="/wiki/TLC_(group)" title="TLC (group)">TLC</a> (1995)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tonight,_Tonight_(The_Smashing_Pumpkins_song)" title="Tonight, Tonight (The Smashing Pumpkins song)">Tonight, Tonight</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_Smashing_Pumpkins" title="The Smashing Pumpkins">The Smashing Pumpkins</a> (1996)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Virtual_Insanity" title="Virtual Insanity">Virtual Insanity</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Jamiroquai" title="Jamiroquai">Jamiroquai</a> (1997)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light_(song)" title="Ray of Light (song)">Ray of Light</a>" – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Doo_Wop_(That_Thing)" title="Doo Wop (That Thing)">Doo Wop (That Thing)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Hill" title="Lauryn Hill">Lauryn Hill</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Real_Slim_Shady" title="The Real Slim Shady">The Real Slim Shady</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a> (2000)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lady_Marmalade" title="Lady Marmalade">Lady Marmalade</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lil%27_Kim" title="Lil' Kim">Lil' Kim</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BDa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mýa">Mýa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pink_(singer)" title="Pink (singer)">Pink</a> (2001)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Without_Me_(Eminem_song)" title="Without Me (Eminem song)">Without Me</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a> (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Work_It_(Missy_Elliott_song)" title="Work It (Missy Elliott song)">Work It</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Missy_Elliott" title="Missy Elliott">Missy Elliott</a> (2003)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hey_Ya!" title="Hey Ya!">Hey Ya!</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Outkast" title="Outkast">Outkast</a> (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boulevard_of_Broken_Dreams_(Green_Day_song)" title="Boulevard of Broken Dreams (Green Day song)">Boulevard of Broken Dreams</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a> (2005)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Write_Sins_Not_Tragedies" title="I Write Sins Not Tragedies">I Write Sins Not Tragedies</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Panic!_at_the_Disco" title="Panic! at the Disco">Panic! at the Disco</a> (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Umbrella_(song)" title="Umbrella (song)">Umbrella</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Jay-Z</a> (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Piece_of_Me" title="Piece of Me">Piece of Me</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Single_Ladies_(Put_a_Ring_on_It)" title="Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)">Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Bad_Romance" title="Bad Romance">Bad Romance</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2010)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Firework_(song)" title="Firework (song)">Firework</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Found_Love_(music_video)" title="We Found Love (music video)">We Found Love</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Harris" title="Calvin Harris">Calvin Harris</a> (2012)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mirrors_(Justin_Timberlake_song)" title="Mirrors (Justin Timberlake song)">Mirrors</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a> (2013)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wrecking_Ball_(Miley_Cyrus_song)" title="Wrecking Ball (Miley Cyrus song)">Wrecking Ball</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Miley_Cyrus" title="Miley Cyrus">Miley Cyrus</a> (2014)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bad_Blood_(Taylor_Swift_song)" title="Bad Blood (Taylor Swift song)">Bad Blood</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar" title="Kendrick Lamar">Kendrick Lamar</a> (2015)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Formation_(song)" title="Formation (song)">Formation</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2016)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Humble_(song)" title="Humble (song)">Humble</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar" title="Kendrick Lamar">Kendrick Lamar</a> (2017)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Havana_(Camila_Cabello_song)" title="Havana (Camila Cabello song)">Havana</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Camila_Cabello" title="Camila Cabello">Camila Cabello</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Young_Thug" title="Young Thug">Young Thug</a> (2018)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Need_to_Calm_Down" title="You Need to Calm Down">You Need to Calm Down</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Blinding_Lights" title="Blinding Lights">Blinding Lights</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_Weeknd" title="The Weeknd">The Weeknd</a> (2020)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Montero_(Call_Me_by_Your_Name)" title="Montero (Call Me by Your Name)">Montero (Call Me by Your Name)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lil_Nas_X" title="Lil Nas X">Lil Nas X</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Too_Well:_The_Short_Film" title="All Too Well: The Short Film">All Too Well: The Short Film</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2022)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Anti-Hero_(song)" title="Anti-Hero (song)">Anti-Hero</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fortnight_(song)" title="Fortnight (song)">Fortnight</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Post_Malone" title="Post Malone">Post Malone</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="MTV_Video_Music_Award_–_Viewer&#039;s_Choice" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MTV_Video_Music_Award_%E2%80%93_Viewer%27s_Choice" title="Template:MTV Video Music Award – Viewer's Choice"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MTV_Video_Music_Award_%E2%80%93_Viewer%27s_Choice" title="Template talk:MTV Video Music Award – Viewer's Choice"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MTV_Video_Music_Award_%E2%80%93_Viewer%27s_Choice" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MTV Video Music Award – Viewer's Choice"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="MTV_Video_Music_Award_–_Viewer&#039;s_Choice" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_%E2%80%93_Viewer%27s_Choice" title="MTV Video Music Award – Viewer's Choice">MTV Video Music Award – Viewer's Choice</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson%27s_Thriller_(music_video)" title="Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)">Thriller</a>" (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_for_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="USA for Africa">USA for Africa</a> – "<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_World" title="We Are the World">We Are the World</a>" (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-ha" title="A-ha">A-ha</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Take_On_Me" title="Take On Me">Take On Me</a>" (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> – "<a href="/wiki/With_or_Without_You" title="With or Without You">With or Without You</a>" (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INXS" title="INXS">INXS</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Need_You_Tonight" title="Need You Tonight">Need You Tonight</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mediate_(song)" title="Mediate (song)">Mediate</a>" (1988)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Like_a_Prayer_(song)" title="Like a Prayer (song)">Like a Prayer</a>" (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Janie%27s_Got_a_Gun" title="Janie's Got a Gun">Janie's Got a Gun</a>" (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensr%C3%BFche" title="Queensrÿche">Queensrÿche</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Silent_Lucidity" title="Silent Lucidity">Silent Lucidity</a>" (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers" title="Red Hot Chili Peppers">Red Hot Chili Peppers</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Under_the_Bridge" title="Under the Bridge">Under the Bridge</a>" (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Livin%27_on_the_Edge" title="Livin' on the Edge">Livin' on the Edge</a>" (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Cryin%27_(Aerosmith_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryin' (Aerosmith song)">Cryin'</a>" (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLC_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="TLC (band)">TLC</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Waterfalls_(TLC_song)" title="Waterfalls (TLC song)">Waterfalls</a>" (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_(British_band)" title="Bush (British band)">Bush</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Glycerine_(song)" title="Glycerine (song)">Glycerine</a>" (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigy" title="The Prodigy">The Prodigy</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Breathe_(The_Prodigy_song)" title="Breathe (The Prodigy song)">Breathe</a>" (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Combs" title="Sean Combs">Puff Daddy</a> and the Family (featuring <a href="/wiki/The_Lox" title="The Lox">The Lox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lil%27_Kim" title="Lil' Kim">Lil' Kim</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Notorious_B.I.G." title="The Notorious B.I.G.">The Notorious B.I.G.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fuzzbubble" title="Fuzzbubble">Fuzzbubble</a>) – "<a href="/wiki/It%27s_All_about_the_Benjamins" class="mw-redirect" title="It's All about the Benjamins">It's All about the Benjamins</a>" (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstreet_Boys" title="Backstreet Boys">Backstreet Boys</a> – "<a href="/wiki/I_Want_It_That_Way" title="I Want It That Way">I Want It That Way</a>" (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NSYNC" title="NSYNC">NSYNC</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Bye_Bye_Bye" title="Bye Bye Bye">Bye Bye Bye</a>" (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSYNC" title="NSYNC">NSYNC</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Pop_(NSYNC_song)" title="Pop (NSYNC song)">Pop</a>" (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Branch" title="Michelle Branch">Michelle Branch</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Everywhere_(Michelle_Branch_song)" title="Everywhere (Michelle Branch song)">Everywhere</a>" (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Charlotte" title="Good Charlotte">Good Charlotte</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Lifestyles_of_the_Rich_and_Famous_(Good_Charlotte_song)" title="Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous (Good Charlotte song)">Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous</a>" (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linkin_Park" title="Linkin Park">Linkin Park</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Breaking_the_Habit_(song)" title="Breaking the Habit (song)">Breaking the Habit</a>" (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a> – "<a href="/wiki/American_Idiot_(song)" title="American Idiot (song)">American Idiot</a>" (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_Out_Boy" title="Fall Out Boy">Fall Out Boy</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Dance,_Dance_(Fall_Out_Boy_song)" title="Dance, Dance (Fall Out Boy song)">Dance, Dance</a>" (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recording_Industry_Association_of_Japan_–_Gold_Disc_Award_for_Artist_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japan_Gold_Disc_Award_for_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Template:Japan Gold Disc Award for Artist of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japan_Gold_Disc_Award_for_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Japan Gold Disc Award for Artist of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japan_Gold_Disc_Award_for_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japan Gold Disc Award for Artist of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recording_Industry_Association_of_Japan_–_Gold_Disc_Award_for_Artist_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_Japan" title="Recording Industry Association of Japan">Recording Industry Association of Japan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Japan_Gold_Disc_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Gold Disc Award">Gold Disc Award for Artist of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">Domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akina_Nakamori" title="Akina Nakamori">Akina Nakamori</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_(band)" title="Rebecca (band)">Rebecca</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%B8wy" title="Boøwy">Boøwy</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_All_Stars" title="Southern All Stars">Southern All Stars</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumi_Matsutoya" title="Yumi Matsutoya">Yumi Matsutoya</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chage_and_Aska" title="Chage and Aska">Chage and Aska</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chage_and_Aska" title="Chage and Aska">Chage and Aska</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wands_(band)" title="Wands (band)">Wands</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRF_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="TRF (band)">TRF</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRF_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="TRF (band)">TRF</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namie_Amuro" title="Namie Amuro">Namie Amuro</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glay" title="Glay">Glay</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27z" title="B'z">B'z</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikaru_Utada" title="Hikaru Utada">Hikaru Utada</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayumi_Hamasaki" title="Ayumi Hamasaki">Ayumi Hamasaki</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayumi_Hamasaki" title="Ayumi Hamasaki">Ayumi Hamasaki</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikaru_Utada" title="Hikaru Utada">Hikaru Utada</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayumi_Hamasaki" title="Ayumi Hamasaki">Ayumi Hamasaki</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Range" title="Orange Range">Orange Range</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumi_Koda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumi Koda">Kumi Koda</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumi_Koda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumi Koda">Kumi Koda</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exile_(Japanese_band)" title="Exile (Japanese band)">Exile</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exile_(Japanese_band)" title="Exile (Japanese band)">Exile</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arashi" title="Arashi">Arashi</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arashi" title="Arashi">Arashi</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AKB48" title="AKB48">AKB48</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AKB48" title="AKB48">AKB48</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AKB48" title="AKB48">AKB48</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arashi" title="Arashi">Arashi</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arashi" title="Arashi">Arashi</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arashi" title="Arashi">Arashi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namie_Amuro" title="Namie Amuro">Namie Amuro</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namie_Amuro" title="Namie Amuro">Namie Amuro</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arashi" title="Arashi">Arashi</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arashi" title="Arashi">Arashi</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_Man" title="Snow Man">Snow Man</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon_Jovi" title="Bon Jovi">Bon Jovi</a> (1989)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (1990)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guns_N%27_Roses" title="Guns N' Roses">Guns N' Roses</a> (1992)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me_%26_My" title="Me & My">Me & My</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstreet_Boys" title="Backstreet Boys">Backstreet Boys</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avril_Lavigne" title="Avril Lavigne">Avril Lavigne</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Girls_Band" title="Twelve Girls Band">Twelve Girls Band</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-Zone" title="O-Zone">O-Zone</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Powter" title="Daniel Powter">Daniel Powter</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avril_Lavigne" title="Avril Lavigne">Avril Lavigne</a> (2008)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che%27Nelle" title="Che'Nelle">Che'Nelle</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Direction" title="One Direction">One Direction</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Direction" title="One Direction">One Direction</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2008" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:2008 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2008_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:2008 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2008_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2008 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2008" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Class of 2008</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Dave_Clark_Five" title="The Dave Clark Five">The Dave Clark Five</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Clark_(musician)" title="Dave Clark (musician)">Dave Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenny_Davidson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenny Davidson">Lenny Davidson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Huxley" class="mw-redirect" title="Rick Huxley">Rick Huxley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Payton" class="mw-redirect" title="Denis Payton">Denis Payton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Smith_(Dave_Clark_Five)" title="Mike Smith (Dave Clark Five)">Mike Smith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mellencamp" title="John Mellencamp">John Mellencamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ventures" title="The Ventures">The Ventures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bogle" title="Bob Bogle">Bob Bogle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nokie_Edwards" title="Nokie Edwards">Nokie Edwards</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerry_McGee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerry McGee (page does not exist)">Gerry McGee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mel_Taylor" title="Mel Taylor">Mel Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Wilson_(musician)" title="Don Wilson (musician)">Don Wilson</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamble_and_Huff" title="Gamble and Huff">Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sidemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Walter" title="Little Walter">Little Walter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="UK_best-selling_albums_(by_year)_(1970–1989)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_best-selling_albums_(by_year)_1970%E2%80%931989" title="Template:UK best-selling albums (by year) 1970–1989"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_best-selling_albums_(by_year)_1970%E2%80%931989" title="Template talk:UK best-selling albums (by year) 1970–1989"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_best-selling_albums_(by_year)_1970%E2%80%931989" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK best-selling albums (by year) 1970–1989"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UK_best-selling_albums_(by_year)_(1970–1989)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_by_year_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of best-selling albums by year in the United Kingdom">UK best-selling albums (by year)</a> (1970–1989)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970–71: <a href="/wiki/Bridge_over_Troubled_Water" title="Bridge over Troubled Water">Bridge over Troubled Water</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a>)</li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/20_Dynamic_Hits" title="20 Dynamic Hits">20 Dynamic Hits</a> (Various Artists)</li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Aladdin_Sane" title="Aladdin Sane">Aladdin Sane</a> (<a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>)</li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/The_Singles:_1969%E2%80%931973" title="The Singles: 1969–1973">The Singles: 1969–1973</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Carpenters" title="The Carpenters">The Carpenters</a>)</li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_The_Stylistics" title="The Best of The Stylistics">The Best of The Stylistics</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Stylistics" title="The Stylistics">The Stylistics</a>)</li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(ABBA_album)" title="Greatest Hits (ABBA album)">Greatest Hits</a> (<a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a>)</li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Arrival_(ABBA_album)" title="Arrival (ABBA album)">Arrival</a> (<a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a>)</li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Fever_(soundtrack)" title="Saturday Night Fever (soundtrack)">Saturday Night Fever</a> (original soundtrack)</li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Parallel_Lines" title="Parallel Lines">Parallel Lines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blondie_(band)" title="Blondie (band)">Blondie</a>)</li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Super_Trouper_(album)" title="Super Trouper (album)">Super Trouper</a> (<a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a>)</li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_the_Wild_Frontier" title="Kings of the Wild Frontier">Kings of the Wild Frontier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam_and_the_Ants" title="Adam and the Ants">Adam and the Ants</a>)</li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Memories_(Barbra_Streisand_album)" title="Memories (Barbra Streisand album)">Love Songs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a>)</li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Thriller_(album)" title="Thriller (album)">Thriller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>)</li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Slow_Down_(Lionel_Richie_album)" title="Can't Slow Down (Lionel Richie album)">Can't Slow Down</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a>)</li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Brothers_in_Arms_(album)" title="Brothers in Arms (album)">Brothers in Arms</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dire_Straits" title="Dire Straits">Dire Straits</a>)</li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/True_Blue_(Madonna_album)" title="True Blue (Madonna album)">True Blue</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madonna</a>)</li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Bad_(album)" title="Bad (album)">Bad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>)</li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Kylie_(album)" title="Kylie (album)">Kylie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kylie_Minogue" title="Kylie Minogue">Kylie Minogue</a>)</li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Ten_Good_Reasons" title="Ten Good Reasons">Ten Good Reasons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jason_Donovan" title="Jason Donovan">Jason Donovan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/714144783169682690673">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/146089/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjtQfBBhwj8dFm69kgjJMq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118829688">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84156128">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138969311">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138969311">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00470886">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV090347">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35697093">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000720159&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000006218&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX893212">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.bibnat.ro:8991/F/?func=direct&local_base=NLR10&doc_number=000133503">Romania</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000105867">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058508539606706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08926621?l=en">CiNii</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-3311">ORCID</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/79239441-bfd5-4981-a70c-55c3f15c1287">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/madonna/5068">Grammy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1046959">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118829688.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/J3K-nFOBb">Deutsche Synchronkartei</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118829688">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028039637">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6474sn1">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madonna&oldid=1259328232">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madonna&oldid=1259328232</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Madonna" title="Category:Madonna">Madonna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1958_births" 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Template:Infobox_person"," 6.95% 381.465 21 Template:Sfn"," 5.69% 312.040 57 Template:Cite_book"," 3.59% 196.642 1 Template:Navboxes"," 3.47% 190.370 6 Template:Br_separated_entries"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"3.758","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16959790,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdetunji2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAguilar_Guzmán2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndersonKupp2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAniftos2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArchive-John-Mitchell2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArthington2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsian_News_International_(ANI)202\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAu-Yeung2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBandaGeorgy2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarlow2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarnes2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaron1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarr2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarty1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBassets1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBauder2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeaumont-Thomas2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBego2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBelam2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBennettWaksman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergren2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBessman1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhandari2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBickford2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBillington2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlistein2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoesveld2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBohem1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrackettHoard2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradshaw2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrendan_Morrow2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrewington1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBronson2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuikemavan_der_Tuin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBusari2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCadan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCain2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalderone2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCastle2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaulfield2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaulfield2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaulfield2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaulfield2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaulfield2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaulfield2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCaulfield2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaulfield2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristensen2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristopher2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCihak2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCinquemani2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCinquemani2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClaro1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClerk2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConnelly1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConsidine1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorliss1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrane2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrosleyKaufman2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCross2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCruz2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurto2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD\u0026#039;Arcy1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaviesAldrick2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeSantis2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDean2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDel_Rosario2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenis2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamond1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDion,_Richard\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunworth2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEgan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErlewine\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErlewine1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErlewine1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErlewine1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErlewine2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErlewine2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErlewineBogdanovWoodstra2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaith1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFallon2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarber1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFiorillo2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFisher1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFiske1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlick2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFouz-HernándezJarman-Ivens2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankenberg2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFretz2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriskics-Warren2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrost2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanz2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanz2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardner2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaribaldi2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeneva2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorge-WarrenRomanowskiPareles2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlass2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGleiberman1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlenday1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlenday2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGnojewski2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldstein2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodman2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGorlinski2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGormly2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGracie2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraff1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrant2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGray2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreig2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrein1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrein2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrobar2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrow2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuilbert2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuralnickWolk2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalfpenny2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalperin,_Shirley2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHampson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarada2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrison2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHastings2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHasty2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHawkins2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerrera2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHicklin,_Aaron2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHodgkinson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolden1992\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHortonSimmons2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowe2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunt2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHé2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIgoe2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInskeep2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrvin2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFItzkoff2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJafaar2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeffreys2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJhally2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnston2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnston2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnston2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJury2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJuzwiak2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarpel2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaufman1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaufman2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaufman2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKellner1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKent1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhyam2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirschling2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKramaraeSpender2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrepps2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKreps2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKreps2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuklenski1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLacherMalnic1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamsweerdeWalters1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandrum2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLane2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLangley2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarson1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLatimer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonardD\u0026#039;Acierno1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevenson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevine2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLieberman2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLippens2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLynch2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLéger2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMac2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMackie2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadonna1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMamo2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaponderaSmith2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaslin1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaslin1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcFaddenSherwoodEscherich2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcFarlan1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGarry2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMenconi2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetzBenson1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_De_Groote2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichallon2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrow2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorton2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorton2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoss2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMponda2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMunoz2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurrian2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMyers2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMyers2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNelson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNilles2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNolfi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNolfi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNolfi2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorris2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Brien,_Lucy2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Brien2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrzeck2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOutwater1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalmer2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPareles2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParke,_Caleb2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeters2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetridis2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetridis2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhiri2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPiatkowski2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPietroluongo2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPilkington2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPitts2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolk2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowers2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReid2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRespers2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRettenmund1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRich1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRooksby2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuntagh2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRutherford2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaad2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalaverri2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavage2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavage2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavage2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavage2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidt2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartz2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSclafani2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSears2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerjeant2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSexton2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShouneyia2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSigerson1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSisario2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmirke,_Richard2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpahr2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpanos2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpinetoli2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSporkin1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStack2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStefan1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStern2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStern2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewart1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStutz2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSun2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSusman2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSusman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSutherland2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaraborrelli2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTerry2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTetzlaff1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTilden2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrust2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Gelder1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVasel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVena2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVictor2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVilla2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVineyard2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVogel2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVoller1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaddell2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaddell2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalters2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalters2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWelton1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinship1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorrell1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZollo2003\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"'\"] = 4,\n [\"2008 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"AllMovie name\"] = 1,\n [\"AllMusic\"] = 1,\n [\"American Music Award for Artist of the Year\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Billboard Year-End Top Artists\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Brit International Female\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 6,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media notes\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 57,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 133,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 146,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 124,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 4,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 4,\n [\"Efn\"] = 4,\n [\"Flatlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song\"] = 1,\n [\"Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress\"] = 1,\n [\"Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo\"] = 1,\n [\"Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress\"] = 1,\n [\"GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1981–2000\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Grammy Award for Best Music Film\"] = 1,\n [\"Grammy Award for Best Music Video\"] = 1,\n [\"Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album\"] = 1,\n [\"Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 100,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 5,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox musical artist\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"Japan Gold Disc Award for Artist of the Year\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"MTV Europe Music Award for Best Electronic\"] = 1,\n [\"MTV Europe Music Award for Best Female\"] = 1,\n [\"MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography\"] = 1,\n [\"MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year\"] = 1,\n [\"MTV Video Music Award – Viewer's Choice\"] = 1,\n [\"Madonna\"] = 1,\n [\"Madonna songs\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 5,\n [\"Main article\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 2,\n [\"Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-blp\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 5,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rockhall\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 21,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"TCMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"To USD\"] = 2,\n [\"UK best-selling albums (by year) 1970–1989\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","720","18.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","480","12.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","320","8.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","7.8"],["type","160","4.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","160","4.1"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","140","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","120","3.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","120","3.1"],["[others]","1200","31.1"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ffqzr","timestamp":"20241124160805","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Madonna","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madonna","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1744","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1744","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-10-29T17:06:54Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T15:44:02Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/78\/MadonnaO2171023_%2897_of_133%29_%2853269593787%29_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"American singer, songwriter, and actress (born 1958)"}</script> </body> </html>