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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-The_terms_"Berber"_and_"Amazigh"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_terms_"Berber"_and_"Amazigh""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>The terms "Berber" and "Amazigh"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_terms_"Berber"_and_"Amazigh"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_conquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_conquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Arab conquest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_conquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Berber_empires" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berber_empires"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Berber empires</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berber_empires-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Groups_and_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groups_and_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Groups and languages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Groups_and_languages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Groups and languages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Groups_and_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diversity_in_Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diversity_in_Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Diversity in Morocco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diversity_in_Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazigh_arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazigh_arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Amazigh arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Amazigh_arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Amazigh arts and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Amazigh_arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amazigh_arts_in_colonial_Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazigh_arts_in_colonial_Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Amazigh arts in colonial Morocco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazigh_arts_in_colonial_Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazigh_arts_in_independent_Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazigh_arts_in_independent_Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Amazigh arts in independent Morocco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazigh_arts_in_independent_Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazigh_weaving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazigh_weaving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Amazigh weaving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazigh_weaving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_importance_of_weaving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_importance_of_weaving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>The importance of weaving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_importance_of_weaving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Process_of_weaving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Process_of_weaving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1.1</span> <span>Process of weaving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Process_of_weaving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motifs_on_the_materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motifs_on_the_materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Motifs on the materials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motifs_on_the_materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazigh_eyes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazigh_eyes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Amazigh eyes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazigh_eyes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Colours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Process_of_dyeing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Process_of_dyeing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Process of dyeing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Process_of_dyeing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weddings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weddings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Weddings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weddings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Before_the_wedding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_the_wedding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Before the wedding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_the_wedding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_the_wedding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_the_wedding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>During the wedding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_the_wedding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Berber people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 101 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Berbers" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%BA" title="أمازيغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمازيغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblos_berbers" title="Pueblos berbers – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pueblos berbers" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazigos" title="Amazigos – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Amazigos" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bereberes" title="Bereberes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bereberes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereveku%C3%A9ra" title="Verevekuéra – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Verevekuéra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99rb%C9%99rl%C9%99r" title="Bərbərlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bərbərlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B1" title="بربرلر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بربرلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="আমাজিগ জাতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আমাজিগ জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_L%C3%A2ng" title="Berber Lâng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Berber Lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Берберҙар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Берберҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Берберы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Берберы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бэрбэры – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэрбэры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Бербери – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бербери" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazics" title="Amazics – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amazics" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Берберсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Берберсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbe%C5%99i" title="Berbeři – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Berbeři" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberiaid" title="Berberiaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Berberiaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Berbere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%BA" title="أمازيغ – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أمازيغ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber" title="Berber – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Berber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberid" title="Berberid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Berberid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Βέρβεροι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βέρβεροι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Berbers" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bereberes" title="Bereberes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bereberes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberoj" title="Berberoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Berberoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Berbere" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="قوم بربر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوم بربر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berb%C3%A8res" title="Berbères – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Berbères" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Berbers" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirbeirigh" title="Beirbeirigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Beirbeirigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9rberes" title="Bérberes – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bérberes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="베르베르인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베르베르인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abzinawa" title="Abzinawa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Abzinawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բերբերներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բերբերներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="बर्बर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बर्बर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Berber" title="Orang Berber – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Berber" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbar" title="Berbar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Berbar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_(%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="ברברים (קבוצה אתנית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברברים (קבוצה אתנית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_B%C3%A8rb%C3%A8r" title="Wong Bèrbèr – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wong Bèrbèr" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ბერბერები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბერბერები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Берберлер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Берберлер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waberberi" title="Waberberi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waberberi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaz%C3%AEx_(gel)" title="Amazîx (gel) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Amazîx (gel)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Берберлер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Берберлер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazaces" title="Mazaces – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mazaces" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberai" title="Berberai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Berberai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/imazixen" title="imazixen – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="imazixen" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberek" title="Berberek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Berberek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Бербери – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бербери" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbera_(vahoaka)" title="Berbera (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Berbera (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4" title="ബെർബർ ജനത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബെർബർ ജനത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ბერბერეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბერბერეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%BA" title="امازيغ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امازيغ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbar" title="Barbar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Barbar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Berbers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="ベルベル人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベルベル人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Berbere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbarar" title="Berbarar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Berbarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berb%C3%A8rs" title="Berbèrs – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Berbèrs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberlar" title="Berberlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Berberlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="بربر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بربر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بربریان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بربریان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberowie" title="Berberowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Berberowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberes" title="Berberes – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Berberes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasiq_runa" title="Amasiq runa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Amasiq runa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Берберы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Берберы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Берберы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Берберы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8rberos" title="Bèrberos – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bèrberos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8rberi" title="Bèrberi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bèrberi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadka_Berberiga" title="Dadka Berberiga – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dadka Berberiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="گەلی ئەمازیغی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەلی ئەمازیغی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Бербери – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бербери" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberi" title="Berberi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Berberi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberit" title="Berberit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Berberit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber" title="Berber – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Berber" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பர்பர்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பர்பர்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imazi%C9%A3n" title="Imaziɣn – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Imaziɣn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imazi%C9%A3en" title="Imaziɣen – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Imaziɣen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ชนเบอร์เบอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชนเบอร์เบอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Барбарҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Барбарҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberiler" title="Berberiler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Berberiler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Бербери – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бербери" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="بربر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بربر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بېربېرلار – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بېربېرلار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Berbers, Amazighs | Imaziɣn</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazigh1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Amazigh1.jpg/220px-Amazigh1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Amazigh1.jpg/330px-Amazigh1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Amazigh1.jpg/440px-Amazigh1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5906" data-file-height="3713" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nomadic Berber men in the <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara Desert">Sahara Desert</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>c.</i> more than 30 million Berber speakers; 40 m. Arabic speakers</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>: 17 million (60% of total pop.) <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>: 13 m (40% of total pop.).<br /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>: 800,000<br /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>: 750,000<br /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>: 680,000<br /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>: 470,000<br /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>:117,783<br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>: 4 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazigh_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amazigh languages (not yet started)">Amazigh languages</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic">Arabic</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local dialects (not yet started)">local dialects</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (mostly <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semitic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Semitic people">Semitic people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia">Iberian people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moorish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorish people">Moorish people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haratin_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Haratin people">Haratin people</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Berbers</b> or <i><b>Imazighen</b></i> (singular <b>Amazigh</b>, plural <b>Imazighen</b>) are an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a>. They were the first people to live in the countries of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria, Libya</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are more than 100 different tribes/groups of the Amazigh people that live in different parts of North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Imazighen</b> live in two different ways. They always move around to live in different places or they have land and stay in one place. The way they live is different in different parts of North Africa. The Amazigh people speak <a href="/wiki/Central_Atlas_Tamazight" title="Central Atlas Tamazight">Tamazight</a> and this language has many different <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dialects use the <a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a> script.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Amazigh people have a different culture from the <a href="/wiki/Arab_people" title="Arab people">Arabs</a> who live in Morocco. The art Imazighen create is <a href="//www.google.com/search?q=unique%2Bdefinition%26oq%3Dunique%2Bdefinition%26aqs%3Dchrome..69i57j0i512l9.2512j1j7%26sourceid%3Dchrome%26ie%3DUTF-8" class="extiw" title="google:unique+definition&oq=unique+definition&aqs=chrome..69i57j0i512l9.2512j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8">unique</a> to them. This can be pottery, carpet making, blanket making or tattooing. The colours and designs they use are different in each group. Groups are known by these colours and designs. This is how groups show their differences.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_terms_"Berber"_and_"Amazigh""><span id="The_terms_.22Berber.22_and_.22Amazigh.22"></span>The terms "Berber" and "Amazigh"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: The terms "Berber" and "Amazigh"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: The terms "Berber" and "Amazigh""><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the start of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_conquests" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab conquests">Arab conquest,</a> the native people started being called <b>Berbers</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <b>Berbers</b> means <a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">barbarians</a>. Barbarians are people who live and behave like animals. This term is not used by the Amazigh people. </p><p>The term "Amazigh" is what Imazighen liked to be called instead. <b>Amazigh</b> is the singular, <b>Tamazight</b> is the word for females and <b>Imazighen</b> is the plural. The translation of the word means "free people."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Origin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Origin"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Amazigh</b> people were the first people to live in the <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghrebi</a> region. There were a lot of different <b>tribes</b> that lived in different regions. They lived next to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> provinces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_conquest">Arab conquest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Arab conquest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Arab conquest"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquests" title="Muslim conquests">Arab conquests</a> which started in the 7th century, brought the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a> to the region. They took some control of the region and converted the populace to Islam. The people in control were from the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty" title="Umayyad dynasty">Umayyad dynasty</a>. In 711, <b>Imazighen</b> took part in taking over <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a>. This was part of Spain<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the time between 1040-1147, the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid</a> dynasty created an important empire. People were selling their things to other <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continents</a>. <b>Amazigh</b> kingdoms were replaced with <b>Arab</b> ones and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> was spoken in lots of places.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berber_empires">Berber empires</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Berber empires" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Berber empires"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Arab rule in the region, powerful Berber dynasties such as the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohads</a> arose; the Almoravids and Almohads controlled <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> in Europe and the Maghreb.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Colonial era" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Colonial era"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nomad_in_front_of_his_goat_herd_(17160157356).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nomad_in_front_of_his_goat_herd_%2817160157356%29.jpg/269px-Nomad_in_front_of_his_goat_herd_%2817160157356%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="269" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nomad_in_front_of_his_goat_herd_%2817160157356%29.jpg/404px-Nomad_in_front_of_his_goat_herd_%2817160157356%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nomad_in_front_of_his_goat_herd_%2817160157356%29.jpg/538px-Nomad_in_front_of_his_goat_herd_%2817160157356%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3740" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption>Nomad</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 19th and 20th century, the <b>French</b> took control of <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and made a difference between <b>Arabs</b> and <b>Amazigh</b> people. They continued to call Amazigh people <b>Berbers</b>. The <b>French</b> thought that <b>Amazigh</b> people's way of life was not modern. <b>Berbers</b> moved out of cities and close to the <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" title="Atlas Mountains">Atlas mountains</a>. People were farming, working with leather, making pottery and selling things. Some <b>Amazigh</b> people had houses, while others were <b><a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomads</a></b> and moved or lived in caves. Most of the time, <b>Amazigh</b> groups had their own rules and rituals. Many <b>Berbers</b> moved to bigger cities or <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> to look for better jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Morocco and Algeria became free countries, Tamazight languages were not studied at schools and people were not treated in a good way.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Modern era" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Modern era"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IRCAM_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/IRCAM_entrance.jpg/235px-IRCAM_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/IRCAM_entrance.jpg/353px-IRCAM_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/IRCAM_entrance.jpg/470px-IRCAM_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1465" data-file-height="1099" /></a><figcaption>Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Amazigh</b> people still live in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North African countries</a> and they are a big part of the population in countries like <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>. In 2005, the <b>PDAM</b> (Democratic Amazigh Moroccan Party) was established. It wanted to show the Moroccan state that the regions where <b>Amazigh</b> people lived were different. <b>IRCAM</b> (Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture) was another project which helped with teaching the <b>Tamazight</b> language and keeping the <b>Amazigh</b> identity. In 2011, <b>Tamazight</b> got the status of a national language in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. An <b>Amazigh</b> festival has been created and it happens every year.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Groups_and_languages">Groups and languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Groups and languages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Groups and languages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Tamazight</b> is the general term for the different Berber <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a>. People in North Africa speak Tamazight in different ways in each country and region. Amazigh languages are part of the <a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afro-Asiatic</a> family and they use the <a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a> script. When the Arabs arrived to North Africa, Arabic was introduced and <b>Amazigh</b> languages were not written anymore. Because of this, less Amazigh people spoke <b>Amazigh</b> dialects and switched to speaking Arabic. At the end of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, <b>Tamazight</b> languages started to be used again. They use the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a> scripts. Today, <b>Tamazight</b> is taught in schools in Morocco and Algeria and the language has become an <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official</a> language in Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diversity_in_Morocco">Diversity in Morocco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Diversity in Morocco" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Diversity in Morocco"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Morocco, the 3 most widely spoken Amazigh languages are <a href="/wiki/Tachelhit_language" title="Tachelhit language">Shilha</a> (<b>Tashelhit</b>), <b>Tazayit</b> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Atlas_Tamazight" title="Central Atlas Tamazight">Atlasic</a>) and <b>Riffian</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tarifit" title="Tarifit">Tarifit</a>). <b>Tashelhit</b> or Shilha is an <b>Amazigh</b> language, spoken largely in the Atlas mountains region in Morocco. It is the most spoken Amazigh language in the country. Because the region has not many cities, the language is shared outside cities by women. This is done through rituals, songs, telling stories to children and everyday-life tasks. Women in this area who did not go to school use <b>Tashelhit.</b> Men are around <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> more because they teach in schools, watch televison and work in cities. Mothers teach their children the language and this way they keep the identity of the community. Even if <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> is being spoken by local people, they do not want to forget their Amazigh identity.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Main Berber groups </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Group</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Blida" title="Blida">Blida/Médéa Atlas Berbers</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></td> <td>In Central Algeria. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawiya_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawiya people (not yet started)">Chaoui people</a></td> <td>Algeria</td> <td>Found mainly in Eastern Algeria. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chenini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chenini (not yet started)">Chenini</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Douiret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douiret (not yet started)">Douiret</a> Berbers</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chenoui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chenoui (not yet started)">Chenoui Berbers</a></td> <td>Algeria</td> <td>Ouarsenis and Mount Chenoua (Western Algeria). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shilha_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shilha people (not yet started)">Chleuhs</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>The High Atlas, Anti-Atlas and the Sous valley. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djerba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djerba (not yet started)">Djerba Berbers</a></td> <td>Tunisia</td> <td>Speakers of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Djerbi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djerbi language (not yet started)">Djerbi language</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghomaras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghomaras (not yet started)">Ghomaras</a></td> <td>Morocco</td> <td>Only two berber speaking tribes left. Found in the western Rif between Tetouan and Jebha. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Godala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Godala (not yet started)">Guezula</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kabyle_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabyle people">Kabyles</a></td> <td>Algeria</td> <td>In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabylie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabylie (not yet started)">Kabylie</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matmata_Berber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matmata Berber (not yet started)">Matmata Berbers</a></td> <td>Tunisia</td> <td>In Southern Tunisia. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozabite_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mozabite people (not yet started)">Mozabites</a></td> <td>Algeria</td> <td>In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%27zab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M'zab (not yet started)">M'zab</a> Valley (southern Algeria). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nafusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nafusi (not yet started)">Nafusis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></td> <td>In western Libya. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riffians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riffians (not yet started)">Riffians</a></td> <td>Morocco</td> <td>Primarily in northern Morocco, with some also in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beni_Snous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beni Snous (not yet started)">Beni Snous</a>, Northwestern Algeria </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanhaja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanhaja (not yet started)">Sanhaja</a></td> <td>Morocco</td> <td>Found in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rif (not yet started)">Rif</a> bordering Riffian speaking tribes. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siwi_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siwi people (not yet started)">Siwi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siwa_Oasis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siwa Oasis (not yet started)">Siwa</a> valley of Egypt. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beni Snous</td> <td>Algeria</td> <td>Aït Snouss villages of western Algeria. Closely related to the Riffians in Morocco. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg</a></td> <td>Algeria, Libya, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, Mali, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a> (southern Algeria and north of the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zayanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zayanes (not yet started)">Zayanes</a></td> <td>Morocco</td> <td>Middle Atlas mountains of Morocco. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanhaja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanhaja (not yet started)">Zenaga</a></td> <td>Mauritania</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuwara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zuwara (not yet started)">Zuwaras</a></td> <td>Libya</td> <td>In northwestern Libya. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benha (not yet started)">Benha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>A family called Al-Barbary lives in Benha. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amazigh_arts_and_culture">Amazigh arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Amazigh arts and culture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Amazigh arts and culture"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Morocco has the biggest amount of Amazigh people in North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amazigh_arts_in_colonial_Morocco">Amazigh arts in colonial Morocco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Amazigh arts in colonial Morocco" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Amazigh arts in colonial Morocco"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1926 to 1956, the French people in control of the Moroccan population chose what art and design Amazigh artists had to create. Areas where Amazigh people live had a design and colour given to the area and the artists in this area had to follow these rules when making art. Still today, carpets and blankets, for example, show where Amazigh artists are from because of the colour and design they have used in their art. The French controlled Amazigh arts to help the Moroccan economy. This would make sure that after Morocco is a free country, the country will have enough money to be a successful country.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>   </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amazigh_arts_in_independent_Morocco">Amazigh arts in independent Morocco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Amazigh arts in independent Morocco" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Amazigh arts in independent Morocco"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Morocco became an independent country, the Moroccan government made sure not to talk about the Amazigh people. If they were seen as a different <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group">ethnicity</a>, the government was afraid the country's Arab identity would not exist.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Amazigh population, however, did not want to be forgotten by the government. <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">Indigenous</a> Amazigh art designs were therefore continued by Amazigh women and their daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is why Amazigh art is strongly connected with women's identity. Most Amazigh people live outside of the cities and this is where all their art is created.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berber_carpets.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Berber_carpets.JPG/281px-Berber_carpets.JPG" decoding="async" width="281" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Berber_carpets.JPG/422px-Berber_carpets.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Berber_carpets.JPG/562px-Berber_carpets.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Amazigh Carpets</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amazigh_weaving">Amazigh weaving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Amazigh weaving" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Amazigh weaving"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weaving is only done in places where sheep can survive and eat. Amazigh groups in the desert make other art like pottery.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_importance_of_weaving">The importance of weaving</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: The importance of weaving" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: The importance of weaving"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Berberse_tapijtknoopster_uit_Zemmour_TMnr_10028617.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Berberse_tapijtknoopster_uit_Zemmour_TMnr_10028617.jpg/226px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Berberse_tapijtknoopster_uit_Zemmour_TMnr_10028617.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Berberse_tapijtknoopster_uit_Zemmour_TMnr_10028617.jpg/339px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Berberse_tapijtknoopster_uit_Zemmour_TMnr_10028617.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Berberse_tapijtknoopster_uit_Zemmour_TMnr_10028617.jpg/452px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Berberse_tapijtknoopster_uit_Zemmour_TMnr_10028617.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Amazigh Women Weaving</figcaption></figure> <p>Weaving is very important for Amazigh women. In Morocco, women who create fabrics will go to heaven when they die. The wool they use has been approved by God and must be protected. They believe the wool has a soul and the action of weaving is life's energy. The wool's soul is the same as the women's soul, so the carpet or blanket being made has to stay in the women's home. If the wool is taken somewhere else, the woman and her house will lose part of this soul.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Tunisia, to keep the wool safe, Amazigh women put the blood of an animal around the tool they use to make carpets. In Morocco, they put salt around the tool to protect the wool from bad ghosts. When women are finished with their creations, they make a prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-Becker_2017_38_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Becker_2017_38-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every time the women create more of the carpet, more life is created.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Process_of_weaving">Process of weaving</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Change section: Process of weaving" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Process of weaving"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the women start colouring the wool, they must clean it. They do this by washing it and brushing it through like hair. Then the wool is made into thread which is thinner.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Amazigh women make wool a different colour. Only in the South of Tunisia and the West of Libya do they do it the other way round. The carpet for example is created then the wool is made colourful. To create the colours that will <a href="/wiki/Dye" title="Dye">dye</a> the wool, women will use insects or plants. The colour purple for example can be made by using plants that grow in North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another thing that is used to make colour is henna. This type of plant is not only used to make colour on wool but also to create patterns on the body. The patterns made on the body are painted at different times of a woman's life.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tifinagh_alphabet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tifinagh_alphabet.png/318px-Tifinagh_alphabet.png" decoding="async" width="318" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tifinagh_alphabet.png/477px-Tifinagh_alphabet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tifinagh_alphabet.png/636px-Tifinagh_alphabet.png 2x" data-file-width="1856" data-file-height="1240" /></a><figcaption>Motifs on the Material - From the Tifinagh Alphabet</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Motifs_on_the_materials">Motifs on the materials</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Change section: Motifs on the materials" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Motifs on the materials"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The designs on Amazigh textiles are said to protect the weavers. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semicircle" title="Semicircle">Semi-circle</a> with five lines coming out of it: fertility</li> <li>Hands: keep people safe from evil</li> <li>Plantlike shapes: fertility—when girls are old enough to marry.<sup id="cite_ref-Becker_2017_38_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Becker_2017_38-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hexagon</li> <li>Arrows</li> <li>Zigzags/triangles/diamonds: power of women</li> <li>Triple line</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkerboard" title="Checkerboard">Checkers</a></li> <li>Circle<sup id="cite_ref-:12_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amazigh_eyes">Amazigh eyes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Change section: Amazigh eyes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Amazigh eyes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Colours">Colours</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Change section: Colours" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Colours"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Red: blood, life, <a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">fertility</a></li> <li>Blue and Indigo: these colours are good for the skin</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Process_of_dyeing">Process of dyeing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Change section: Process of dyeing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Process of dyeing"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Getting colours from plants or local materials is not easy. Overall, not much is known about the process because Amazigh women do not want to share what they do. </p><p>The fabric that women want to make colourful is dipped into different bowls. Each bowl has a different colour in it. Sometimes just a bit of the fabric is put in the bowl to make a small part of it colourful. Sometimes all the fabric is put in if the design they want is just one colour. After, all <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">textiles</a> created by Amazigh women never look the same because colours spread through the wool in different ways.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weddings">Weddings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Change section: Weddings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Weddings"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weddings for all Amazigh groups are important markers of their identity. Different groups of Amazigh people celebrate weddings differently. In the South of Morocco, the Ait Khabbash are the biggest group of Amazigh people. The way women celebrate their weddings always lasts three days and the celebration has not changed a lot over the years.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_the_wedding">Before the wedding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Change section: Before the wedding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Before the wedding"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Women plan the weddings. A meeting between the groom and bride is organised. If they agree on marrying each other, the groom's mother meets the bride's family and brings them gifts.The gifts are henna, meat and tea.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marokko1982-117_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Marokko1982-117_hg.jpg/290px-Marokko1982-117_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Marokko1982-117_hg.jpg/435px-Marokko1982-117_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Marokko1982-117_hg.jpg/580px-Marokko1982-117_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4083" data-file-height="2651" /></a><figcaption>Tent</figcaption></figure> <p>Before the wedding starts, a tent is put up. The groom chooses three men (isnain) to build this tent. They build the tent close to the grooms. All of the wedding happens in and around this tent. It is very important because it reminds the Aamzigh people of their <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomadic</a> life.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>What the woman wears is a very important process and tradition. She is dressed in red and white clothes and has silver jewelry around her neck. The clothes and jewlery are brought for her by her groom. She has henna painted onto her hands and while other women are doing this, they sing songs that have been in the family for a long time.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The groom wears the same coloured clothes as the woman and also has songs sung to him. While he is being dressed, he sits on his mother's lap. The process of dressing him is not as special as the bride's.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_the_wedding">During the wedding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Change section: During the wedding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: During the wedding"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>On the first day</b>, the bride arrives at her wedding tent. She arrives on a horse or camel. A red carpet from the woman's home is put on the back of the animal. A little boy called Muhammad sits on the horse with the woman. The woman is sung to while she goes to the tent. When she gets to the tent, she goes around it three times <a href="/wiki/Clockwise" title="Clockwise">counterclockwise</a>. She is given milk to drink and then puts a bit of it on the other people at the wedding. The woman's face is covered by a white cloth. This day is the first day that the bride and groom will sleep together.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Celebration_of_a_Berber_wedding_in_morocco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Celebration_of_a_Berber_wedding_in_morocco.jpg/277px-Celebration_of_a_Berber_wedding_in_morocco.jpg" decoding="async" width="277" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Celebration_of_a_Berber_wedding_in_morocco.jpg/416px-Celebration_of_a_Berber_wedding_in_morocco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Celebration_of_a_Berber_wedding_in_morocco.jpg/554px-Celebration_of_a_Berber_wedding_in_morocco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2132" data-file-height="1422" /></a><figcaption>Amazigh Wedding in Morocco</figcaption></figure> <p><b>On the second day</b>, the woman has gone from being a girl to a woman. The woman therefore wears white clothes with her own blood on. This blood is to show that she has become a woman. A lot of celebrations happen on the second day. Lots of songs are sung to the woman. Some songs ask God to look after the wedding. Other songs talk about what the woman is wearing. The men also sing songs for the bride. They perform for her so that her wedding and life is happy and successful. The most important part of this day is the killing of an animal. At twelve o'clock, this animal is killed because the Ait Khabbash group believes it brings good things to the couple and the blood makes the family united.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>On the third day</b>, lots of orange and black paint is put onto the woman's face. The cloth that has been on her face all wedding is still not taken off. While women are painting the bride's face, they sing to her. The wedding ends when a big dance is performed. This is done after the white cloth is finally taken off of the bride's face.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Change section: Gallery" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Gallery"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Berbers.png" class="mw-file-description" title="This map shows where Berber is spoken."><img alt="This map shows where Berber is spoken." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Berbers.png/120px-Berbers.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Berbers.png/180px-Berbers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Berbers.png/240px-Berbers.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="465" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">This map shows where Berber is spoken.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_old_Amazigh_(Berb%C3%A8re)_room_in_Morocco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An old Amazigh room in Morocco."><img alt="An old Amazigh room in Morocco." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/An_old_Amazigh_%28Berb%C3%A8re%29_room_in_Morocco.jpg/120px-An_old_Amazigh_%28Berb%C3%A8re%29_room_in_Morocco.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/An_old_Amazigh_%28Berb%C3%A8re%29_room_in_Morocco.jpg/180px-An_old_Amazigh_%28Berb%C3%A8re%29_room_in_Morocco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/An_old_Amazigh_%28Berb%C3%A8re%29_room_in_Morocco.jpg/240px-An_old_Amazigh_%28Berb%C3%A8re%29_room_in_Morocco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="581" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An old Amazigh room in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Berber_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amazigh flag"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Berber_flag.svg/120px-Berber_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Berber_flag.svg/180px-Berber_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Berber_flag.svg/240px-Berber_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amazigh flag</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moroocan_AHIDUS.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Imazighen performing traditional dance."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Moroocan_AHIDUS.png/120px-Moroocan_AHIDUS.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Moroocan_AHIDUS.png/180px-Moroocan_AHIDUS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Moroocan_AHIDUS.png/240px-Moroocan_AHIDUS.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="410" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Imazighen performing traditional dance.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-3">1.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-4">1.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-5">1.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-6">1.6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVandenbroeck2000" class="citation book cs1">Vandenbroeck, Paul (2000). <i>L'art des femmes berbères</i>. Gand ; Paris ; Bruxelles: Ludion ; Flammarion ; Société des expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles. pp. 19–81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9055442828" title="Special:BookSources/9055442828"><bdi>9055442828</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27art+des+femmes+berb%C3%A8res&rft.place=Gand+%3B+Paris+%3B+Bruxelles&rft.pages=19-81&rft.pub=Ludion+%3B+Flammarion+%3B+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+expositions+du+Palais+des+Beaux-Arts+de+Bruxelles&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9055442828&rft.aulast=Vandenbroeck&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">2.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2">2.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3">2.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4">2.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/61465/Berber">"Berber"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Berber&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F61465%2FBerber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRouighi2019" class="citation cs2">Rouighi, Ramzi (2019-07-05), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.9783/9780812296181/html">"Inventing the Berbers: History and Ideology in the Maghrib"</a>, <i>Inventing the Berbers</i>, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 8, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.9783%2F9780812296181">10.9783/9780812296181</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9618-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9618-1"><bdi>978-0-8122-9618-1</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243569643">243569643</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-16</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inventing+the+Berbers&rft.atitle=Inventing+the+Berbers%3A+History+and+Ideology+in+the+Maghrib&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2019-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243569643%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.9783%2F9780812296181&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-9618-1&rft.aulast=Rouighi&rft.aufirst=Ramzi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.9783%2F9780812296181%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRouighi2019" class="citation cs2">Rouighi, Ramzi (2019-07-05), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.9783/9780812296181/html">"Inventing the Berbers: History and Ideology in the Maghrib"</a>, <i>Inventing the Berbers</i>, University of Pennsylvania Press, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.9783%2F9780812296181">10.9783/9780812296181</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9618-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9618-1"><bdi>978-0-8122-9618-1</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243569643">243569643</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-16</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inventing+the+Berbers&rft.atitle=Inventing+the+Berbers%3A+History+and+Ideology+in+the+Maghrib&rft.date=2019-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243569643%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.9783%2F9780812296181&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-9618-1&rft.aulast=Rouighi&rft.aufirst=Ramzi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.9783%2F9780812296181%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHallChelsea_Publishing_House2002" class="citation book cs1">Hall, John G.; Chelsea Publishing House (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BhMuc6NacxgC&q=Since+the+foundation+of+the+first+Moroccan+state+by+Idris+I+in+788+AD,+the+country+has+been+ruled+by+a+series+of+independent+dynasties,+reaching+its+zenith+under+Almoravid+and+Almohad+rule,+when+it+spanned+parts+of+Iberia+and+northwestern+Africa.&pg=PA5"><i>North Africa</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-5746-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-5746-9"><bdi>978-0-7910-5746-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+Africa&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7910-5746-9&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft.au=Chelsea+Publishing+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBhMuc6NacxgC%26q%3DSince%2Bthe%2Bfoundation%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bfirst%2BMoroccan%2Bstate%2Bby%2BIdris%2BI%2Bin%2B788%2BAD%2C%2Bthe%2Bcountry%2Bhas%2Bbeen%2Bruled%2Bby%2Ba%2Bseries%2Bof%2Bindependent%2Bdynasties%2C%2Breaching%2Bits%2Bzenith%2Bunder%2BAlmoravid%2Band%2BAlmohad%2Brule%2C%2Bwhen%2Bit%2Bspanned%2Bparts%2Bof%2BIberia%2Band%2Bnorthwestern%2BAfrica.%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107294387.007">"Bibliography"</a>, <i>Nation-Building in Turkey and Morocco</i>, Cambridge University Press, pp. 206–225, 2014-11-17, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fcbo9781107294387.007">10.1017/cbo9781107294387.007</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-29438-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-29438-7"><bdi>978-1-107-29438-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-16</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nation-Building+in+Turkey+and+Morocco&rft.atitle=Bibliography&rft.pages=206-225&rft.date=2014-11-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fcbo9781107294387.007&rft.isbn=978-1-107-29438-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1017%2Fcbo9781107294387.007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2008" class="citation book cs1">Hoffman, Katherine (2008). <i>We Share Walls : Language, Land and Gender in Berber Morocco</i>. Blackwell. pp. 229–231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405154208" title="Special:BookSources/9781405154208"><bdi>9781405154208</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=We+Share+Walls+%3A+Language%2C+Land+and+Gender+in+Berber+Morocco&rft.pages=229-231&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781405154208&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:02_8-0">8.00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:02_8-1">8.01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:02_8-2">8.02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:02_8-3">8.03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:02_8-4">8.04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:02_8-5">8.05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:02_8-6">8.06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:02_8-7">8.07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:02_8-8">8.08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:02_8-9">8.09</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBecker2006" class="citation book cs1">Becker, Cynthia (2006). <i>Amazigh Arts in Morocco: Women Shaping Berber Identity</i>. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 95–161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780292712959" title="Special:BookSources/9780292712959"><bdi>9780292712959</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amazigh+Arts+in+Morocco%3A+Women+Shaping+Berber+Identity&rft.place=Austin&rft.pages=95-161&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780292712959&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBecker2017" class="citation journal cs1">Becker, Cynthia (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26378746">"Amazigh Woven Textiles at Yale: Visual Expressions of Berber Women's Creativity and Inventiveness"</a>. <i>Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin</i>: 35. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0084-3539">0084-3539</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26378746">26378746</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+University+Art+Gallery+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Amazigh+Woven+Textiles+at+Yale%3A+Visual+Expressions+of+Berber+Women%27s+Creativity+and+Inventiveness&rft.pages=35&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26378746%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0084-3539&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26378746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBecker2006" class="citation book cs1">Becker, Cynthia (2006). <i>Amazigh Arts in Morocco: Women Shaping Berber Identity</i>. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780292712959" title="Special:BookSources/9780292712959"><bdi>9780292712959</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amazigh+Arts+in+Morocco%3A+Women+Shaping+Berber+Identity&rft.place=Austin&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780292712959&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_11-0">11.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_11-1">11.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_11-2">11.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_11-3">11.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_11-4">11.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFVanderbroeck2000" class="citation book cs1">Vanderbroeck, Paul (2000). <i>Azetta : l'art des femmes berbères</i>. Gand ; Paris ; Bruxelles: Ludion ; Flammarion ; Société des expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles. pp. 28–34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9055442828" title="Special:BookSources/9055442828"><bdi>9055442828</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Azetta+%3A+l%27art+des+femmes+berb%C3%A8res&rft.place=Gand+%3B+Paris+%3B+Bruxelles&rft.pages=28-34&rft.pub=Ludion+%3B+Flammarion+%3B+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+expositions+du+Palais+des+Beaux-Arts+de+Bruxelles&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9055442828&rft.aulast=Vanderbroeck&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Becker_2017_38-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Becker_2017_38_12-0">12.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Becker_2017_38_12-1">12.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBecker2017" class="citation journal cs1">Becker, Cynthia (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26378746">"Amazigh Woven Textiles at Yale: Visual Expressions of Berber Women's Creativity and Inventiveness"</a>. <i>Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin</i>: 38. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0084-3539">0084-3539</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26378746">26378746</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+University+Art+Gallery+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Amazigh+Woven+Textiles+at+Yale%3A+Visual+Expressions+of+Berber+Women%27s+Creativity+and+Inventiveness&rft.pages=38&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26378746%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0084-3539&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26378746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBecker2017" class="citation journal cs1">Becker, Cynthia (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26378746">"Amazigh Woven Textiles at Yale: Visual Expressions of Berber Women's Creativity and Inventiveness"</a>. <i>Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin</i>: 39. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0084-3539">0084-3539</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26378746">26378746</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+University+Art+Gallery+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Amazigh+Woven+Textiles+at+Yale%3A+Visual+Expressions+of+Berber+Women%27s+Creativity+and+Inventiveness&rft.pages=39&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26378746%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0084-3539&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26378746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBecker2017" class="citation journal cs1">Becker, Cynthia (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26378746">"Amazigh Woven Textiles at Yale: Visual Expressions of Berber Women's Creativity and Inventiveness"</a>. <i>Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin</i>: 40. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0084-3539">0084-3539</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26378746">26378746</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+University+Art+Gallery+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Amazigh+Woven+Textiles+at+Yale%3A+Visual+Expressions+of+Berber+Women%27s+Creativity+and+Inventiveness&rft.pages=40&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26378746%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0084-3539&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26378746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBecker2017" class="citation journal cs1">Becker, Cynthia (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26378746">"Amazigh Woven Textiles at Yale: Visual Expressions of Berber Women's Creativity and Inventiveness"</a>. <i>Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin</i>: 39–40. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0084-3539">0084-3539</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26378746">26378746</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+University+Art+Gallery+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Amazigh+Woven+Textiles+at+Yale%3A+Visual+Expressions+of+Berber+Women%27s+Creativity+and+Inventiveness&rft.pages=39-40&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26378746%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0084-3539&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26378746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABerber+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_people&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a 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