CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913497364dda8195',cH: 'Y1FnOgCaOvsLQ8X8thZNzpAElxMYqCtyG4FypwcGGek-1739782864-1.2.1.1-sPq5Nh8JAfqHBLsBx_DzfXv7nu9Q6bGQYZ37VgAUn0jBIrTjWcrAAxDYSMEKyYKZ',cUPMDTk: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/5143\/9256?__cf_chl_tk=8ir_TZ3sNme4Rwhx7fWdZ.cmSpj4jcVXY5a2_QeYaqQ-1739782864-1.0.1.1-CIGFwNsQ9CVcyf0U5p2EdQCYto_FhG2NhXmePevcE3A",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739782864',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/5143\/9256?__cf_chl_f_tk=8ir_TZ3sNme4Rwhx7fWdZ.cmSpj4jcVXY5a2_QeYaqQ-1739782864-1.0.1.1-CIGFwNsQ9CVcyf0U5p2EdQCYto_FhG2NhXmePevcE3A",md: "sOZOyjMe5ucgOaZjkdYJWCd3R5o07reSSUyZ9Gsyqnw-1739782864-1.2.1.1-b2tMTSjuk9ccScp.E01r4UBQgJnOtwTyZYF7HxA7DTV194sShgwL7ExdHjGquHNYVTVvt3exofV8ccZGmIAXNMLUiSPXDnoT4USZLvOZHj5jhbkJ69xotHkKdccHLtp.2E1IJY8.6ePxhqVTBKG3X42qymXXV0MMCZ4vzaBbnT8LTA0MMo.3pja6qBsmfW_LFrdCjzgt5LAw6Cab6SgMQqGS1zjhVvwHieRpDwFpBWAYBZflx8Z3213ZcUlrmMrpa4aBuoEnvZl8FsUy7ZYNNQDiJRSDaMN3s1bp4pmVu93Tzh2FSNJyZ__2jpy0XGrtuZxv98uxGo56TUSbF.iiVS2kl9uTsHvBlnP0a4XgpLrUWJwjetAFe1nmGGkoQ53PF15XYeG0lscxTF9Ns9cAaNpqusO5yAV3obF3a.zhnJNYd52ghDvpSBeWR4lryUddtT_0P5KlLJIMCCE71b1AgvKYGf0_9mrm0Upcke88RaXzpS4NhYhlvdB5XO3mVG3aoVhXCC9xBAseK3gS3nAqAS_AlISFlKea2zJYkvzmXlCBHelaQ1Y3Nf9xQzcs6BxG8fdfQ.JwG3sEKniEay.6f.Mixwa6jFZzbplMWQxSkb6.CymiIG5r3D4LqHOe6Kv4ZjVPtHzPYTaJ27jprtYe1HjamOsThGPiKp9uQS9iGjuhs3oRjO1lqc9s7KyEK689gS05HiT4Uc0fCvvutTH3BMEcyS74KVlyY51TfA6SDM3eFHCLIrVQuutDtRax.f7hu5PYscB5UvCKK0l_9epup7T_LNI8UR73YgL8CwBxVg2X6pbVflDwIaxu2uYc.kbl4haZExf78NGhG_5keK6ZrKEDVH3cLRqGGqDrFTc6v.ndtFKgX.vJq_rzMr1L3j.QEbhu1X61NqGQa7eT3qHwZFIwKzljM9DzWtNrhMGkwx3sapzsJSOgAWGylrsZffSfVHMyTIKCvaKCB6R8yCBsNTXFio_uI2XShlJ4ain.V934LCA_w.ffJ7Tadwb6cJzNBERlSBHGIZjXzKmblXtEMjgKo0mN7qYtzIwjl_5KOOfkb5NOBubBXtQfSjriA613nAQRBjEIKnqGJ3LvD_RIcokHiKZc.Laos_cSsHhbvMLQZhw0P7ll1dwWqsAsbS8oz_FY7odDR4Ki.JJ0o_.BEE8QjYvRF6P5UaPAVaqdlsTK3ZmwSsIv86w2dN1yW8WSGw1oIU0r7SVwKjjLr6NstUCLas207xxdi4Lc.auJDGUflXpDHG6XlTcN7uTYr.9bLQxF.2uSNk81h7ISWAjXjBM0Rn1krxBt22X_Lj7zclYEMCxdfCryUc35FKF53G9E7HOkJGPWnZub7IlMkOOHpnrhkjL732AfNNV6Qe1XS0DzrZoiFuVnXOum0oi6yP78vPQxFvi0yR4UwgQ222V4YFbVCX5F0qaB13p_2_YweW.AGlrQRCVI6VAAcnvXuTwSA08rQkAz4rtbXdEr.WsTbRlr4Hj_OEqa00ObaRk2Sj7suqW88a2_MZl0lP5i.BNdMU8zfQlygUedtZkV_2jaQh.gHDSRtz7LW4yuOpyPNJFAwfzRFqPI60zk4yvOxqoOJcENvSbRYqswTVom116a8x3ctSNFZ.6mo_v3IaOrc72v0na5ZZPvJROpHU2UNoAD13dBGz1OzhGVQpDk2N58C48nQgQtpOKArdiLaSK_3DeXb0l74pdlCihHYDkg_GQw6v7y0c04VjIV2Ay3GIOJbZfkFtSwKWvH.wRo8oFyJIB.4jCNw3bRVBJbPW9XBI2a3Ak7qWehvf.q00QUX9RGlwRdfBt7ruu2zPzv534pApXSxc2OtmwVaQVqpfrXBbfL_G32fW2MWXTnCBQ9_fie0KTQkrVRBGQQprAgMKPl57yGF2jAYPuWGVEoA.S7afrl_mSwCz0a9tidDXA6XRbNuezYApFkckvp9vKIC3PM8_c",mdrd: "TltOkEAx6duIYQRhE2hFtam7gvU3uqcbTZZuNgbOfvQ-1739782864-1.2.1.1-h02nRoqtcQPh2uTj23KQTDgCHsiOKVg07UUgZaQpJ4PRjvACKoqf5AE2liE55xn.mIkYOJgsmkT94dqkxTB6XMusMUw2Jlto9dtkWLm4DlkkW67_WwyU9sXFgLxrMLYHUnZQ8m3fN7lIVsi.z_85Bsc5l5yG0ZOAy74AfjepSeujVbD2fY0cUGTaAixpxDHcNHZe7l5pYwZYVz3IvyofyUUFPNRlfwTit8a1Fk5Ty2fSKHuMmWj9nZdDfHFyfQC12EFPw1o_iclUdefSWX0I6_QwqJkH89lIOwoQcnPKiX1ada5uV_bsDQg_te0XVWh8eNexM6MzSvIdETtpdjXbjsseO3kz28ft72H2d3tpnm19iTeO487HVfVO15kXC75PwAKsqFPGHdHxZkRqV00m4vaqa59eUBhYRUqNXcI4EfrG9qg0_eN1jEfr_DAcaYanMsyMhHhh0q5RcBVUra3Cx0twZMwQGWDNWe4FBYjqEwc9a.nMUBeivIsGCt_phvyGTlYb5O_O3IgNYqN1llS1YeKCio7j..tZ_4VJCJAn2tKGhNwgaRqeRwn4Jy83T8.9Vv.Lz15mlwjTxF9_LDfa2N5hNiMqBU496nH60h_7tnQ8yalq1miYmI68QVifV0xkiEMICFcmZwy._f4PMjE_KlmktECOk_3Rjehy2GFXgkPXCNtWtyb9J6NdEdK4aqyK0tXlyi6LJnAhvjIAzeGZscnLX7jnrB1XDAA2UQfb7cr0quAVcenejI7Qy_OgmlW4QS.T5M35tlOkC6kbpQvdB0vdrwMl967nvvsghnbp9fhL4Pd3MmHiYLa327ioxOJaPOV28yFQAYFF8osJGCixCbeTsJvkhxmgC5eatSXN_T5ElxMmPQpvH4hUip_ezJ7hb8ZUn0fqOanSFNCBz1oUTuMmYHT_Bw.Uz9bMBLqfD4LgDzB1XiQ9a5q1SJ3v6Jd2dtZtpNphbSDNQlHyEIMcRbahq_h_0zUFDYqoaPMESOsZpB2dgeUFdqXWTieTO1uI8qOOZAwzXLaHJ8xydOGn6BIdLs7QSpvM.vyNu6I75bnlRgWwuHzCgTgLmOREF9l5Nq3NNBmoh7pM1.cc960ImPq5T_z01UWdpVmngt18D_JBm0uwk58DhdPg5fQWAVOZ5IyIqz0EsxqErYwvbeZ_ZSF0BCayFkYkAW21DwmvfpFLJyEJMJbUqkIpN4yQihZX8a4znNPxhWqdbW6UIm50JQQYxr3GOixbSt_7ZsPCbkAz2LFaTz1AfuqfCTt49RFxFKqImve_J4zEsYPLUvbiPrq8NJaL7pVKVHx7CX7z8g_F2GyqM8XpPLp5Q3ojg4mxmMvKA_JtylI1JyPS5kM8I9KpUddCy6M7e.ju2fFYf5PhDm83xMslEf8aQZnhxpnf5zwonqCYYEeUMNFvB8rvhbTKeU4W8YpS5jGTNkJzrotIvOsKaso0R4Dbe1X0e2FMFy881M0Ni6IHKILw2Lu4UzDgDArXFfHgkEDuQSXCg1_5MUGNqUcj7K5pyIlfijyyf8QC5j7AlUX85gyXweUgZrNz5j9AFqhziFZGJ0.bopRFcpxlMrfXc1UnngkhWWSptIBkQMRTSFNS4Kyu7POZ_AGgTy9u9pw7eAih1BZ.tSuVD1MMo1JbXEzbd1aAtX5ki.0Qr2OmfLyqMcrKTrxCxIDalOG8LSojTpP3NG8YKjvrP5AKdQE4HzmGnWJVy08tcMiaQKUUtIby3ic9VjeiEqJjSIkEUWu.jO2okQri8y7Oj.ddsOqVTQCedhg1xLaPp3DZ3MDPfW1O0mMX._T6k3T1UPo_xgdpZHII3BQMEsWALDSgxQi_MX6OUmm4aVEOD2jizP_bHCx.cBYkpuICMI8MrzEqKbWJ52EMJBLb8ncm0pMrupwZgCqevf0TJxDkiK4AuNH7kw9DEWDwrh_wH9AeM7FokrBekCja.tjCJhk"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913497364dda8195';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/5143\/9256?__cf_chl_rt_tk=8ir_TZ3sNme4Rwhx7fWdZ.cmSpj4jcVXY5a2_QeYaqQ-1739782864-1.0.1.1-CIGFwNsQ9CVcyf0U5p2EdQCYto_FhG2NhXmePevcE3A" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>