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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of rescue equipment formerly used by firefighters</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the nets deployed at high structures designed to catch persons after a fall, see <a href="/wiki/Safety_net" title="Safety net">Safety net</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman_jumps_from_Winecoff_Hotel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Woman_jumps_from_Winecoff_Hotel.jpg/220px-Woman_jumps_from_Winecoff_Hotel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Woman_jumps_from_Winecoff_Hotel.jpg/330px-Woman_jumps_from_Winecoff_Hotel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Woman_jumps_from_Winecoff_Hotel.jpg/440px-Woman_jumps_from_Winecoff_Hotel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2145" data-file-height="2729" /></a><figcaption>A woman jumping from her room during the <a href="/wiki/Winecoff_Hotel_fire" title="Winecoff Hotel fire">Winecoff Hotel fire</a> into a life net. This photo won a Pultzer Prize in 1947. She survived with serious injuries.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_net_Napa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Life_net_Napa.jpg/220px-Life_net_Napa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Life_net_Napa.jpg/330px-Life_net_Napa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Life_net_Napa.jpg/440px-Life_net_Napa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1226" data-file-height="1856" /></a><figcaption>A life net on display at the Napa Firefighters Museum in <a href="/wiki/Napa,_California" title="Napa, California">Napa, California</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vancouver_firemen_jumping_into_life_net_(HS85-10-22258).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vancouver_firemen_jumping_into_life_net_%28HS85-10-22258%29.jpg/220px-Vancouver_firemen_jumping_into_life_net_%28HS85-10-22258%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vancouver_firemen_jumping_into_life_net_%28HS85-10-22258%29.jpg/330px-Vancouver_firemen_jumping_into_life_net_%28HS85-10-22258%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vancouver_firemen_jumping_into_life_net_%28HS85-10-22258%29.jpg/440px-Vancouver_firemen_jumping_into_life_net_%28HS85-10-22258%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2473" data-file-height="3022" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> fireman jumping into life net (1910)</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>life net</b>, also known as a <b>Browder Life Safety Net</b> or <b>jumping sheet</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a type of rescue equipment formerly used by firefighters. When used in the proper conditions, it allowed people on upper floors of burning buildings an opportunity to jump to safety, usually to ground level. Invented in 1887, the device was used with varying degrees of success during several notable fires in the 20th century. Due to advances in firefighting technology, it became obsolete by the 1980s. Owing to their former prevalence, life nets often feature in popular culture as a running gag, especially in cartoons where they often appear in use during scenes where a fire is taking place. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inventor">Inventor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_net&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Inventor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The device was invented by Thomas F. Browder, born in <a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Ohio" title="Greene County, Ohio">Greene County, Ohio</a>, in 1847. During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Browder enlisted in the Company C, <a href="/wiki/60th_Ohio_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="60th Ohio Infantry">60th Ohio Infantry</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> at the age of 17, and was wounded at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_House" title="Battle of Spotsylvania Court House">Battle of Spotsylvania Court House</a> on May 9, 1864. He was shot through the hip, sent home the following month, and later discharged from the service. He became a school teacher, and later moved to <a href="/wiki/Greenfield,_Ohio" title="Greenfield, Ohio">Greenfield, Ohio</a>, where he invented and patented the life net in 1887. Browder later opened a laundry business. He obtained additional patents for improvements to the life net in 1900, and later also patents in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Highland_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Highland-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_net&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Browder's device was similar to a modern recreational <a href="/wiki/Trampoline" title="Trampoline">trampoline</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Straight_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straight-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was developed later in 1936. Among its advantages were that the life net was always taut when open, never slackened, and had a setup time of only two to three seconds. It used hinges to fold for storage and an automatic locking mechanism when unfolded. Its opaque cover helped reduce panic and increase the confidence of people who had to jump into it. The device helped save many lives.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some models had a red <a href="/wiki/Bullseye_(target)" title="Bullseye (target)">bullseye</a> in the center. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limitations">Limitations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_net&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Limitations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Firefighters believed that the practical height limit for successful use of life nets was about six stories, although in a 1930 Chicago fire, three people survived jumps from an eighth story into a life net. One suffered a skull fracture, and the other two had minor injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Straight_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straight-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>In Newark, NJ in 1955, a would-be suicide was successfully caught in a life net after jumping from an eighth story window. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Successful_rescues">Successful rescues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_net&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Successful rescues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Pippich-Ringtheater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="black and white drawing. Woman in a white dress jumping off the second floor into a fire-net. There are many people on the balcony and firefighters in black uniforms surround the net." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Carl_Pippich-Ringtheater.jpg/220px-Carl_Pippich-Ringtheater.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Carl_Pippich-Ringtheater.jpg/330px-Carl_Pippich-Ringtheater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Carl_Pippich-Ringtheater.jpg/440px-Carl_Pippich-Ringtheater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2357" data-file-height="3481" /></a><figcaption>Life-net used in Ringtheater fire in Vienna December 8, 1881</figcaption></figure> <p>On August 19, 1902, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">New York City Fire Department</a> conducted its first real-life rescue with the Browder life net. During rescue operations at a tenement fire that killed five people, a baby was dropped from a fourth-floor fire escape into a life net, and survived uninjured.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 10, 1904, three people were saved when they jumped into a life net during a fire in New York City. Three other people died on the top floor of the building.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a>, in January 1957, a woman dropped her three-year-old daughter into a life net, and the girl was uninjured; the mother suffered a broken back after jumping into the net.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most intensive use of life nets was conducted in a large scale operation by the <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> fire brigade during and right after construction of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a> in 1961, when a large number of people jumped from houses in the <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">Soviet sector</a> onto the life nets of the <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a> fire brigade on the pavement that was part of the <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">western sector</a> of Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Failures_and_problems">Failures and problems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_net&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Failures and problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Life nets often failed to save people, and sometimes firefighters themselves were injured or killed by falling bodies. According to researcher and writer <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Adams" title="Cecil Adams">Cecil Adams</a>, "Leapers sometimes struck something on the way down, landed on a fireman, or missed entirely."<sup id="cite_ref-Straight_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straight-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1910, a fire swept through a factory in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a>, killing 25 people. Among them were four girls who held onto each other when they jumped into a life net. They tore the net apart and were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Triangle_Shirtwaist_Factory_fire" title="Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire">Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire</a> on March 25, 1911, girls jumped into life nets from the ninth floor with their arms intertwined and the impact ripped the canvas and tore the springs from the frame, resulting in their deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all, 146 garment workers were killed in that fire. During the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Polen_fire" title="Hotel Polen fire">Hotel Polen fire</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> on May 9, 1977, firefighters could not successfully deploy a life net in a narrow, congested alley. When a life net was deployed in a more open area, some hotel guests threw their luggage into the net, and were then injured when they jumped. Others were injured when they hit the rim of the net. In all, 33 people died in that fire.<sup id="cite_ref-brandweerp21_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandweerp21-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phase_out">Phase out</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_net&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phase out"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roskilde_S1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Roskilde_S1.jpg/220px-Roskilde_S1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Roskilde_S1.jpg/330px-Roskilde_S1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Roskilde_S1.jpg/440px-Roskilde_S1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Telescopic hydraulic platform in <a href="/wiki/Roskilde" title="Roskilde">Roskilde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (2007)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1958, a fire department official in <a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene, Oregon</a> expressed reservations, saying that the term "life net" was misleading, and that they should be used only as a last resort.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As late as 1961, though, the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Fire_Department" title="Chicago Fire Department">Chicago Fire Department</a> still emphasized the life net in its training programs.<sup id="cite_ref-Ebony_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebony-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the modern <a href="/wiki/Fire_apparatus#Aerial_apparatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire apparatus">aerial apparatus</a> (a type of <a href="/wiki/Aerial_work_platform" title="Aerial work platform">aerial work platform</a>) often known as a ladder truck has made the life net obsolete, as this ladder equipment makes it possible for firefighters to carry out rescues more safely, at greater heights and with smaller crews. Another piece of equipment, which started to phase out the life net (especially in European countries, such as Austria and Germany) are inflatable jumping cushions, which absorb the energy of a person due to the air inside the cushion being forced out by the impact. Adams has concluded that the life net was no longer mentioned after 1983, and writes that they are not discussed in current training manuals for firefighters.<sup id="cite_ref-Straight_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straight-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many examples of life nets are on display in firefighting historical museums. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_net&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSwarbrick2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Swarbrick, Nancy (September 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/fires-and-fire-services/2/3">"Fires and fire services"</a>. <i>Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/countyhighlanda00houggoog"><i>The County of Highland: A History of Highland County, Ohio, from the Earliest Days; With Special Chapters on the Bench and Bar, Medical Profession, Educational Development, Industry and Agriculture, and Biographical Sketches</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a>: Northwestern Historical Association. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/countyhighlanda00houggoog/page/n254">252</a>–253. <q>Thomas F. 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PENNED ON IRON ESCAPES Wild Rush for Safety as Blaze Sweeps Old Building. 50 ARE SENT TO HOSPITALS Terror-Stricken Employes of Newark, N. J., Companies Throw Themselves to Sidewalk or Stand in Fear at Windows Until Flames End Their Lives. Others, Caught on Fire Escapes, Are Burned to Death -- Six Persons Still Reported Missing -- Bodies Found Huddled on Floor After Fire Is Extinguished -- One Victim Killed by Fright"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>. November 27, 1910. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/250115582.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+27%2C+1910&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post+(1877-1922)&edition=&startpage=1&desc=25+GIRLS+PERISH+IN+FACTORY+FIRE">the original</a> on January 31, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 25,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=25+GIRLS+PERISH+IN+FACTORY+FIRE%3A+Leap+to+Death+From+Windows+or+Die+in+the+Flames.+PENNED+ON+IRON+ESCAPES+Wild+Rush+for+Safety+as+Blaze+Sweeps+Old+Building.+50+ARE+SENT+TO+HOSPITALS+Terror-Stricken+Employes+of+Newark%2C+N.+J.%2C+Companies+Throw+Themselves+to+Sidewalk+or+Stand+in+Fear+at+Windows+Until+Flames+End+Their+Lives.+Others%2C+Caught+on+Fire+Escapes%2C+Are+Burned+to+Death+--+Six+Persons+Still+Reported+Missing+--+Bodies+Found+Huddled+on+Floor+After+Fire+Is+Extinguished+--+One+Victim+Killed+by+Fright.&rft.date=1910-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fwashingtonpost_historical%2Faccess%2F250115582.html%3FFMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI%26type%3Dhistoric%26date%3DNov%2B27%252C%2B1910%26author%3D%26pub%3DThe%2BWashington%2BPost%2B%281877-1922%29%26edition%3D%26startpage%3D1%26desc%3D25%2BGIRLS%2BPERISH%2BIN%2BFACTORY%2BFIRE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+net" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFarlane1911" class="citation news cs1">McFarlane, Arthur E. (September 1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gy1mCpluqEoC&q=fireman%27s+net+Browder&pg=PA479">"Fire and the Skyscraper: The Problem of Protecting the Workers in New York's Tower Factories"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/McClure%27s_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="McClure's Magazine">McClure's Magazine</a></i>. p. 479<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rapport+Brand+Hotel+Polen+Amsterdam&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Nationaal+Brandweer+Documentatie+Centrum&rft.date=1977-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbdc.nl%2Fcms%2Fshow%2Fid%3D648965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+net" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19580413&id=PxBWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6733,1828563">"Jump out of the Fire Into the Net Only as a Final Resort"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Register-Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Register-Guard">Eugene Register-Guard</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene, Oregon</a>. 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September 1961. pp. 58–64<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=World%27s+Finest+Fire+Academy%3A+Blaze+conscious+Chicago+trains+firemen+in+%242-1%2F2+million+building&rft.pages=58-64&rft.date=1961-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrJ-_1mmkDwYC%26q%3D%2522Life%2Bnet%2522%2Bfire%2Bjump%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+net" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_net&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://my.firefighternation.com/forum/topics/fire-department-safety-nets-did-they-go-away-and-why">My.FirefighterNation.com: Fire Department Safety Nets... Did they go away and why? - many photos of life nets in use</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Life_net&oldid=1237205357">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Life_net&oldid=1237205357</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Firefighting_equipment" title="Category:Firefighting equipment">Firefighting equipment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_inventions" title="Category:American inventions">American inventions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 July 2024, at 17:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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