Materials | NIST

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class="nist-section-header__hero-img"> <div class="nist-block nist-block--no-margin"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img src="/web/20230210113351im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2021/03/08/Materials_1200x248.png" width="1200" height="248" alt="brightly colored pieces of what looks like latticed fabric in a pile" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-section-header__main grid-container"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="nist-section-header__title"> <h1 class="nist-page__title">Materials</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--topic-description padding-top-4 margin-top-1"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>Overview</h2> </div> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-8 padding-right-5 margin-bottom-4"> <div class="text-with-summary"> <p>Plastics, carbon nanotubes, high-strength alloys, artificial bone and joint replacements are just some of the emerging materials for which NIST develops testbeds, defines benchmarks, and develops formability measurements and models.</p> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-4"> <div class="nist-block nist-block--no-margin"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Featured Content</h2> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden nist-field--link-list link font-sans-sm"> <div class="nist-field__items"> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113351/http://chimad.northwestern.edu/">Center for Hierarchical Materials Design</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/lightweighting">Center for Automotive Lightweighting</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bg-base-lightest padding-y-5 margin-y-4"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--topic-list grid-container"> <div class="views-element-container nist-block margin-bottom-0"> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-63f6ddd2f3abe300f56a18ce4c086078117a2361443c0ae35de709f1c84ee6d3"> <div class="nist-block margin-bottom-0"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>Materials Topics</h2> </div> <ul class="add-list-reset link-list"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/ceramics" hreflang="en">Ceramics</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/composites" hreflang="en">Composites</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div 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padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/modeling-computational-material-science" hreflang="en">Modeling & computational material science</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/polymers" hreflang="en">Polymers</a></div></div></li> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <li class="font-sans-md padding-bottom-205"><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content nist-icon nist-icon--before nist-icon--arrow-right2"><a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/superconductors" hreflang="en">Superconductors</a></div></div></li> </div> </div> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--main"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="grid-container margin-y-5"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--topic-research paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>The Research</h2> </div> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-8 padding-right-5 margin-y-2"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Projects & Programs</h2> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/jarvis-ml" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/jarvis-ml" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230210113351im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/07/29/JARVIS-ML-7-2020.png?itok=x2WHG8z-" width="100" height="73" alt="JARVIS-ML overview " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/jarvis-ml"><span>JARVIS-ML</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> JARVIS-ML is a repository of machine learning (ML) model parameters, descriptors, and ML related input and target data. JARVIS-ML is a part of the NIST-JARVIS </div> </div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/optical-and-optoelectronic-materials-characterization" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/optical-and-optoelectronic-materials-characterization" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230210113351im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/01/02/fig1.JPG?itok=7H3wqx0e" width="100" height="35" alt="Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurement of a 2D monolayer and the optical property for such a thin layer." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/optical-and-optoelectronic-materials-characterization"><span>Optical and Optoelectronic Materials Characterization</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> This project aims to develop rigorous measurements and methodology needed for determining optical and electrical properties of advanced materials that might be </div> </div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/nano-chemical-imaging-and-spectroscopy-ir-nir-vis" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/nano-chemical-imaging-and-spectroscopy-ir-nir-vis" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230210113351im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2019/12/12/fig1.png?itok=epQryoHT" width="100" height="67" alt="PTIR combines the spatial resolution of AFM with the specificity of absorption spectroscopy" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/nano-chemical-imaging-and-spectroscopy-ir-nir-vis"><span>Nano-Chemical Imaging and -Spectroscopy (IR, nIR, VIS)</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> Conventional techniques for analyzing chemical composition, such as infrared (IR) microscopy often miss critically important nanoscale details. To overcome this </div> </div> </div> </article> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/facilitating-adoption-fair-digital-object-framework-material-science" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/facilitating-adoption-fair-digital-object-framework-material-science" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230210113351im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/08/17/DO_0.png?itok=Evqw6NBt" width="100" height="75" alt="A digital object is composed of Data, Metadata, Protocols & Operations, and Persistent Identifiers." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/facilitating-adoption-fair-digital-object-framework-material-science"><span>Facilitating the Adoption of the FAIR Digital Object Framework in Material Science</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> With increasing use of data-driven methodologies, concerns around data discovery, data access, and data interoperability have come to the forefront. Communities </div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs/topic/248946">View All Projects/Programs</a></div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-4 margin-y-2"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Additional Resources Links</h2> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden nist-field--link-list link nist-field--link-list font-sans-sm"> <div class="nist-field__items"> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/publications/search?k=&d%5Bmin%5D=&d%5Bmax%5D=&t=&a=&s=All&ta%5B0%5D=248946&ta%5B1%5D=248946&n=">Publications</a></div> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/topic/248946">Tools & Instruments</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--topic-featured paragraph--view-mode--default nist-content-row--width-full bg-base-lightest margin-y-5"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--horizontal nist-card--horizontal-full nist-card--base-lightest"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/featured-stories/materials-design"> <div class="entity-reference"> <figure class="nist-image"> <img src="/web/20230210113351im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800w_x_400h/public/images/2019/05/21/19mml004_graphene-sheets-clumped.jpg?itok=0f_NOsjk" width="800" height="400" alt="Many different rectangular pieces of webby material are all wrapped up in a big ball. The pieces are each colored differently so that you can tell them apart in the bunch. These are meant to represent a graphene melt." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> <figcaption class="nist-image__caption"> <div data-caption-editable="true" class="nist-image__caption-content"> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title"> <h3> Materials by Design </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <div class="text-long"><p>Every “thing” is made of materials — roads, engines and medical devices, to name just a few examples. For centuries, inventing and developing new materials for industrial applications took long amounts of time and tremendous amounts of trial and error. Speeding up that process could save time and money and spur a great deal of innovation across many sectors of the economy. Read about how NIST's Materials Genome Initiative plans to do just that.</p></div> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/featured-stories/materials-design" class="usa-button ">Read the full story.</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-y-4"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>News</h2> </div> <div class="margin-bottom-5"> <div class="entity-reference"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--horizontal nist-card--horizontal-full"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113351/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/how-jfk-assassination-bullets-were-digitally-preserved-nist"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img src="/web/20230210113351im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2020/04/13/Kennedy%20bullet%20in%20container.jpg?itok=nRZlpFdx" width="600" height="360" alt="a bullet inside a small glass vial" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title"> <h3><span>How the JFK Assassination Bullets Were Digitally Preserved at NIST</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">They were long, round-nosed rifle bullets. Their copper metal jackets had the dull color of a worn penny, giving testimony to their age. The gun-barrel rifling impressions on their sides were typical of a bullet fired from a military weapon: four grooves and the resulting ridges called lands — all these marks twisted toward the right by the barrel’s internal rifling. 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