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weight vector.</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: optimum weight vector."> <meta name="keywords" content="optimum weight vector."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="optimum weight vector."> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2657</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: optimum weight vector.</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2657</span> Optimized Weight Vector for QoS Aware Web Service Selection Algorithm Using Particle Swarm Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Arulanand">N. Arulanand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20M.%20Ananth"> P. M. Ananth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quality of Service (QoS) attributes as part of the service description is an important factor for service attribute. It is not easy to exactly quantify the weight of each QoS conditions since human judgments based on their preference causes vagueness. As web services selection requires optimization, evolutionary computing based on heuristics to select an optimal solution is adopted. In this work, the evolutionary computing technique Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used for selecting a suitable web services based on the user鈥檚 weightage of each QoS values by optimizing the QoS weight vector and thereby finding the best weight vectors for best services that is being selected. Finally the results are compared and analyzed using static inertia weight and deterministic inertia weight of PSO. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=QoS" title="QoS">QoS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimization" title=" Optimization"> Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Particle%20Swarm%20Optimization%0D%0A%28PSO%29" title=" Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)"> Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=weight%20vector" title=" weight vector"> weight vector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=web%20services" title=" web services"> web services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=web%20service%20selection." title=" web service selection."> web service selection.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001390/optimized-weight-vector-for-qos-aware-web-service-selection-algorithm-using-particle-swarm-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001390/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001390/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001390/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001390/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001390/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001390/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001390/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001390/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001390/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001390/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2013</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2656</span> Optimum Design of Heat Exchanger in Diesel Engine Cold EGR for Pollutants Reduction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasser%20Ghassembaglou">Nasser Ghassembaglou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Armin%20Rahmatfam"> Armin Rahmatfam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Faramarz%20Ranjbar"> Faramarz Ranjbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Using cold EGR method with variable venturi and turbocharger has a very significant effect on reduction of NOX and grime simultaneously. EGR cooler is one of the most important parts in the cold EGR circuit. In this paper optimum design of cooler for working in different percentages of EGR and for determining optimum temperature of exhausted gases, growth of efficiency, reduction of weight, dimension, expenditures, sediment and also optimum performance by using gasoil which has significant amounts of brimstone are investigated and optimized.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cold%20EGR" title="Cold EGR">Cold EGR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NOX" title=" NOX"> NOX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cooler." title=" Cooler."> Cooler.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000131/optimum-design-of-heat-exchanger-in-diesel-engine-cold-egr-for-pollutants-reduction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000131/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000131/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000131/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000131/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000131/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000131/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000131/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000131/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000131/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000131/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3906</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2655</span> The Comparative Analysis of Two Typical Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Exhaust Nozzles on Aerodynamic Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xin%20H.%20Zou">Xin H. Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qiang%20Wang"> Qiang Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The comparisons of two typical fluidic thrust vectoring exhaust nozzles including two-dimensional(2-D) nozzle and axisymmetric nozzle on aerodynamic characteristics was presented by numerical simulation. The results show: the thrust vector angles increased with the increasing secondary flow but decreased with the nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) increasing. With the same secondary flow and NPR, the thrust vector angles of 2-D nozzle were higher than the axisymmetric nozzle-s. So with the lower NPR and more secondary weight flow, the much higher thrust vector angle was caused by 2-D fluidic nozzle. And with the higher NPR and less secondary weight flow, there was not much difference in angular dimension between two nozzles.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aerodynamic%20characteristics" title="Aerodynamic characteristics">Aerodynamic characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fluidic%20nozzle" title=" fluidic nozzle"> fluidic nozzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vector%20angle" title=" vector angle"> vector angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thrust%20coefficient%20comparison." title=" thrust coefficient comparison."> thrust coefficient comparison.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11849/the-comparative-analysis-of-two-typical-fluidic-thrust-vectoring-exhaust-nozzles-on-aerodynamic-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11849/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11849/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11849/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11849/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11849/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11849/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11849/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11849/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11849/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11849/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2062</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2654</span> Efficient Antenna Array Beamforming with Robustness against Random Steering Mismatch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ju-Hong%20Lee">Ju-Hong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ching-Wei%20Liao"> Ching-Wei Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kun-Che%20Lee"> Kun-Che Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper deals with the problem of using antenna sensors for adaptive beamforming in the presence of random steering mismatch. We present an efficient adaptive array beamformer with robustness to deal with the considered problem. The robustness of the proposed beamformer comes from the efficient designation of the steering vector. Using the received array data vector, we construct an appropriate correlation matrix associated with the received array data vector and a correlation matrix associated with signal sources. Then, the eigenvector associated with the largest eigenvalue of the constructed signal correlation matrix is designated as an appropriate estimate of the steering vector. Finally, the adaptive weight vector required for adaptive beamforming is obtained by using the estimated steering vector and the constructed correlation matrix of the array data vector. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adaptive%20beamforming" title="Adaptive beamforming">Adaptive beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=antenna%20array" title=" antenna array"> antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=linearly%20constrained%20minimum%20variance" title=" linearly constrained minimum variance"> linearly constrained minimum variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=steering%20vector." title=" steering vector."> steering vector.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009375/efficient-antenna-array-beamforming-with-robustness-against-random-steering-mismatch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009375/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009375/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009375/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009375/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009375/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009375/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009375/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009375/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009375/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009375/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">697</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2653</span> Optimum Shape and Design of Cooling Towers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20M.%20El%20Ansary">A. M. El Ansary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20A.%20El%20Damatty"> A. A. El Damatty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20O.%20Nassef"> A. O. Nassef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the current study is to develop a numerical tool that is capable of achieving an optimum shape and design of hyperbolic cooling towers based on coupling a non-linear finite element model developed in-house and a genetic algorithm optimization technique. The objective function is set to be the minimum weight of the tower. The geometric modeling of the tower is represented by means of B-spline curves. The finite element method is applied to model the elastic buckling behaviour of a tower subjected to wind pressure and dead load. The study is divided into two main parts. The first part investigates the optimum shape of the tower corresponding to minimum weight assuming constant thickness. The study is extended in the second part by introducing the shell thickness as one of the design variables in order to achieve an optimum shape and design. Design, functionality and practicality constraints are applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B-splines" title="B-splines">B-splines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cooling%20towers" title=" Cooling towers"> Cooling towers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Finite%20element" title=" Finite element"> Finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Genetic%0Aalgorithm" title=" Genetic algorithm"> Genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimization" title=" Optimization"> Optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6558/optimum-shape-and-design-of-cooling-towers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6558/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6558/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6558/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6558/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6558/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6558/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6558/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6558/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6558/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6558/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2652</span> Analysis of Fixed Beamforming Algorithms for Smart Antenna Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Umair%20Shahid">Muhammad Umair Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Rehman"> Abdul Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mudassir%20Mukhtar"> Mudassir Mukhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Nauman"> Muhammad Nauman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The smart antenna is the prominent technology that has become known in recent years to meet the growing demands of wireless communications. In an overcrowded atmosphere, its application is growing gradually. A methodical evaluation of the performance of Fixed Beamforming algorithms for smart antennas such as Multiple Sidelobe Canceller (MSC), Maximum Signal-to-interference ratio (MSIR) and minimum variance (MVDR) has been comprehensively presented in this paper. Simulation results show that beamforming is helpful in providing optimized response towards desired directions. MVDR beamformer provides the most optimal solution.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fixed%20weight%20beamforming" title="Fixed weight beamforming">Fixed weight beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=array%20pattern" title=" array pattern"> array pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=signal%20to%20interference%20ratio" title=" signal to interference ratio"> signal to interference ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power%20efficiency" title=" power efficiency"> power efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=element%20spacing" title=" element spacing"> element spacing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=array%20elements" title=" array elements"> array elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimum%20weight%20vector." title=" optimum weight vector."> optimum weight vector.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/analysis-of-fixed-beamforming-algorithms-for-smart-antenna-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">780</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2651</span> 0.13-渭m CMOS Vector Modulator for Wireless Backhaul System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20S.%20Kim">J. S. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20P.%20Hong"> N. P. Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a CMOS vector modulator designed for wireless backhaul system based on 802.11ac is presented. A poly phase filter and sign select switches yield two orthogonal signal paths. Two variable gain amplifiers with strongly reduced phase shift of only ±5 ° are used to weight these paths. It has a phase control range of 360 ° and a gain range of -10 dB to 10 dB. The current drawn from a 1.2 V supply amounts 20.4 mA. Using a 0.13 mm technology, the chip die area amounts 1.47x0.75 mm².</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vector%20modulator" title=" vector modulator"> vector modulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=backhaul" title=" backhaul"> backhaul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=802.11ac." title=" 802.11ac."> 802.11ac.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004202/013-mm-cmos-vector-modulator-for-wireless-backhaul-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004202/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004202/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004202/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004202/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004202/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004202/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004202/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004202/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004202/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004202/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2650</span> Near-Field Robust Adaptive Beamforming Based on Worst-Case Performance Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jing-ran%20Lin">Jing-ran Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qi-cong%20Peng"> Qi-cong Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Huai-zong%20Shao"> Huai-zong Shao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of adaptive beamforming degrades substantially in the presence of steering vector mismatches. This degradation is especially severe in the near-field, for the 3-dimensional source location is more difficult to estimate than the 2-dimensional direction of arrival in far-field cases. As a solution, a novel approach of near-field robust adaptive beamforming (RABF) is proposed in this paper. It is a natural extension of the traditional far-field RABF and belongs to the class of diagonal loading approaches, with the loading level determined based on worst-case performance optimization. However, different from the methods solving the optimal loading by iteration, it suggests here a simple closed-form solution after some approximations, and consequently, the optimal weight vector can be expressed in a closed form. Besides simplicity and low computational cost, the proposed approach reveals how different factors affect the optimal loading as well as the weight vector. Its excellent performance in the near-field is confirmed via a number of numerical examples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Robust%20adaptive%20beamforming%20%28RABF%29" title="Robust adaptive beamforming (RABF)">Robust adaptive beamforming (RABF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=near-field" title=" near-field"> near-field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=steering%20vector%20mismatches" title="steering vector mismatches">steering vector mismatches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diagonal%20loading" title=" diagonal loading"> diagonal loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=worst-case%20performanceoptimization." title=" worst-case performanceoptimization."> worst-case performanceoptimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7096/near-field-robust-adaptive-beamforming-based-on-worst-case-performance-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7096/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7096/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7096/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7096/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7096/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7096/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7096/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7096/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7096/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7096/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1881</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2649</span> Multi Switched Split Vector Quantizer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Satya%20Sai%20Ram">M. Satya Sai Ram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Siddaiah"> P. Siddaiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Madhavi%20Latha"> M. Madhavi Latha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vector quantization is a powerful tool for speech coding applications. This paper deals with LPC Coding of speech signals which uses a new technique called Multi Switched Split Vector Quantization, This is a hybrid of two product code vector quantization techniques namely the Multi stage vector quantization technique, and Switched split vector quantization technique,. Multi Switched Split Vector Quantization technique quantizes the linear predictive coefficients in terms of line spectral frequencies. From results it is proved that Multi Switched Split Vector Quantization provides better trade off between bitrate and spectral distortion performance, computational complexity and memory requirements when compared to Switched Split Vector Quantization, Multi stage vector quantization, and Split Vector Quantization techniques. By employing the switching technique at each stage of the vector quantizer the spectral distortion, computational complexity and memory requirements were greatly reduced. Spectral distortion was measured in dB, Computational complexity was measured in floating point operations (flops), and memory requirements was measured in (floats). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unconstrained%20vector%20quantization" title="Unconstrained vector quantization">Unconstrained vector quantization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Linear%20predictiveCoding" title=" Linear predictiveCoding"> Linear predictiveCoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Split%20vector%20quantization" title=" Split vector quantization"> Split vector quantization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi%20stage%20vector%20quantization" title=" Multi stage vector quantization"> Multi stage vector quantization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Switched%20Split%20vector%20quantization" title="Switched Split vector quantization">Switched Split vector quantization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Line%20Spectral%20Frequencies." title=" Line Spectral Frequencies."> Line Spectral Frequencies.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8734/multi-switched-split-vector-quantizer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8734/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8734/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8734/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8734/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8734/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8734/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8734/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8734/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8734/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8734/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1741</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2648</span> Distribution Sampling of Vector Variance without Duplications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Erna%20T.%20Herdiani">Erna T. Herdiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maman%20A.%20Djauhari"> Maman A. Djauhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the use of vector variance as a measure of multivariate variability has received much attention in wide range of statistics. This paper deals with a more economic measure of multivariate variability, defined as vector variance minus all duplication elements. For high dimensional data, this will increase the computational efficiency almost 50 % compared to the original vector variance. Its sampling distribution will be investigated to make its applications possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asymptotic%20distribution" title="Asymptotic distribution">Asymptotic distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=covariance%20matrix" title=" covariance matrix"> covariance matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=likelihood%20ratio%20test" title=" likelihood ratio test"> likelihood ratio test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vector%20variance." title=" vector variance."> vector variance.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2465/distribution-sampling-of-vector-variance-without-duplications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2465/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2465/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2465/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2465/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2465/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2465/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2465/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2465/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2465/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2465/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1574</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2647</span> Octonionic Reformulation of Vector Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bhupendra%20C.%20S.%20Chauhan">Bhupendra C. S. Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20S.%20Bisht"> P. S. Bisht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20P.%20S.%20Negi"> O. P. S. Negi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to celebrated Hurwitz theorem, there exists four division algebras consisting of R (real numbers), C (complex numbers), H (quaternions) and O (octonions). Keeping in view the utility of octonion variable we have tried to extend the three dimensional vector analysis to seven dimensional one. Starting with the scalar and vector product in seven dimensions, we have redefined the gradient, divergence and curl in seven dimension. It is shown that the identity n(n - 1)(n - 3)(n - 7) = 0 is satisfied only for 0, 1, 3 and 7 dimensional vectors. We have tried to write all the vector inequalities and formulas in terms of seven dimensions and it is shown that same formulas loose their meaning in seven dimensions due to non-associativity of octonions. The vector formulas are retained only if we put certain restrictions on octonions and split octonions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Octonions" title="Octonions">Octonions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vector%20Space%20and%20seven%20dimensions" title=" Vector Space and seven dimensions"> Vector Space and seven dimensions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10819/octonionic-reformulation-of-vector-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10819/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10819/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10819/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10819/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10819/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10819/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10819/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10819/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10819/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10819/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2646</span> Position Vector of a Partially Null Curve Derived from a Vector Differential Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S%C3%BCha%20Y%C4%B1lmaz">S眉ha Y谋lmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Emin%20%C3%96zy%C4%B1lmaz"> Emin 脰zy谋lmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Melih%20Turgut"> Melih Turgut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=%C5%9Euur%20Nizamo%C4%9Flu"> 艦uur Nizamo臒lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, position vector of a partially null unit speed curve with respect to standard frame of Minkowski space-time is studied. First, it is proven that position vector of every partially null unit speed curve satisfies a vector differential equation of fourth order. In terms of solution of the differential equation, position vector of a partially null unit speed curve is expressed.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Frenet%20Equations" title="Frenet Equations">Frenet Equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Partially%20Null%20Curves" title=" Partially Null Curves"> Partially Null Curves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Minkowski%20Space-time" title=" Minkowski Space-time"> Minkowski Space-time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vector%20Differential%20Equation." title=" Vector Differential Equation."> Vector Differential Equation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4796/position-vector-of-a-partially-null-curve-derived-from-a-vector-differential-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4796/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4796/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4796/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4796/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4796/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4796/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4796/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4796/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4796/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4796/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2645</span> Indonesian News Classification using Support Vector Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dewi%20Y.%20Liliana">Dewi Y. Liliana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Agung%20Hardianto"> Agung Hardianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Ridok"> M. Ridok</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital news with a variety topics is abundant on the internet. The problem is to classify news based on its appropriate category to facilitate user to find relevant news rapidly. Classifier engine is used to split any news automatically into the respective category. This research employs Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify Indonesian news. SVM is a robust method to classify binary classes. The core processing of SVM is in the formation of an optimum separating plane to separate the different classes. For multiclass problem, a mechanism called one against one is used to combine the binary classification result. Documents were taken from the Indonesian digital news site, www.kompas.com. The experiment showed a promising result with the accuracy rate of 85%. This system is feasible to be implemented on Indonesian news classification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Indonesian%20news" title=" Indonesian news"> Indonesian news</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=text%20processing" title=" text processing"> text processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title="support vector machine">support vector machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009/indonesian-news-classification-using-support-vector-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2644</span> Efficiency of Robust Heuristic Gradient Based Enumerative and Tunneling Algorithms for Constrained Integer Programming Problems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vijaya%20K.%20Srivastava">Vijaya K. Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Davide%20Spinello"> Davide Spinello</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents performance of two robust gradient-based heuristic optimization procedures based on 3<sup>n</sup> enumeration and tunneling approach to seek global optimum of constrained integer problems. Both these procedures consist of two distinct phases for locating the global optimum of integer problems with a linear or non-linear objective function subject to linear or non-linear constraints. In both procedures, in the first phase, a local minimum of the function is found using the gradient approach coupled with hemstitching moves when a constraint is violated in order to return the search to the feasible region. In the second phase, in one optimization procedure, the second sub-procedure examines 3<sup>n</sup> integer combinations on the boundary and within hypercube volume encompassing the result neighboring the result from the first phase and in the second optimization procedure a tunneling function is constructed at the local minimum of the first phase so as to find another point on the other side of the barrier where the function value is approximately the same. In the next cycle, the search for the global optimum commences in both optimization procedures again using this new-found point as the starting vector. The search continues and repeated for various step sizes along the function gradient as well as that along the vector normal to the violated constraints until no improvement in optimum value is found. The results from both these proposed optimization methods are presented and compared with one provided by popular MS Excel solver that is provided within MS Office suite and other published results.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Constrained%20integer%20problems" title="Constrained integer problems">Constrained integer problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=enumerative%20search%20algorithm" title=" enumerative search algorithm"> enumerative search algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heuristic%20algorithm" title=" Heuristic algorithm"> Heuristic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tunneling%20algorithm." title=" tunneling algorithm."> tunneling algorithm.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007035/efficiency-of-robust-heuristic-gradient-based-enumerative-and-tunneling-algorithms-for-constrained-integer-programming-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007035/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007035/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007035/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007035/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007035/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007035/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007035/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007035/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007035/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007035/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">800</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2643</span> Plastic Waste Utilization as Asphalt Binder Modifier in Asphalt Concrete Pavement </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Naghawi">H. Naghawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Al-Ajarmeh"> R. Al-Ajarmeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Allouzi"> R. Allouzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20AlKlub"> A. AlKlub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Masarwah"> K. Masarwah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20AL-Quraini"> A. AL-Quraini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Abu-Sarhan"> M. Abu-Sarhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the use of plastic waste as a low cost asphalt binder modifier. For this purpose Marshall mix design procedure was used. Marshall mix design procedure seeks to select the Optimum Binder Content (OBC) to be added to a specific aggregate blend resulting in a mixture that satisfies the desired properties of strength and durability. In order to evaluate the plastic waste modified (PWM) asphalt mixtures, the OBC for the conventional asphalt mix was first identified, and then different percentages of crushed plastic waste by weight of the identified OBC were tested. Marshall test results for the modified asphalt mixtures were analyzed to find the optimum PWM content. Finally, the static indirect tensile strength (IDT) was determined for all mixtures using the splitting tensile test. It was found that PWM content of 7.43% by weight of OBC is recommended as the optimum PWM content needed for enhancing the performance of asphalt mixtures. It enhanced stability by 42.56%, flow by 89.91% and strength by 13.54%. This would lead to a more durable pavement by improving the pavement resistance to fatigue cracking and rutting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Binder%20content%20modifier" title="Binder content modifier">Binder content modifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marshall%20test" title=" Marshall test"> Marshall test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=plastic%20waste" title=" plastic waste"> plastic waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=polyethylene%20terephthalate." title=" polyethylene terephthalate. "> polyethylene terephthalate. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009245/plastic-waste-utilization-as-asphalt-binder-modifier-in-asphalt-concrete-pavement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009245/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009245/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009245/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009245/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009245/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009245/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009245/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009245/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009245/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009245/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2642</span> Face Recognition with PCA and KPCA using Elman Neural Network and SVM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hossein%20Esbati">Hossein Esbati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jalil%20Shirazi"> Jalil Shirazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, in order to categorize ORL database face pictures, principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) methods by using Elman neural network and Support Vector Machine (SVM) categorization methods are used. Elman network as a recurrent neural network is proposed for modeling storage systems and also it is used for reviewing the effect of using PCA numbers on system categorization precision rate and database pictures categorization time. Categorization stages are conducted with various components numbers and the obtained results of both Elman neural network categorization and support vector machine are compared. In optimum manner 97.41% recognition accuracy is obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Face%20recognition" title="Face recognition">Face recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Principal%20Component%20Analysis" title=" Principal Component Analysis"> Principal Component Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kernel%20Principal%20Component%20Analysis" title=" Kernel Principal Component Analysis"> Kernel Principal Component Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Neural%20network" title=" Neural network"> Neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Support%0AVector%20Machine." title=" Support Vector Machine."> Support Vector Machine.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3148/face-recognition-with-pca-and-kpca-using-elman-neural-network-and-svm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3148/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3148/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3148/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3148/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3148/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3148/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3148/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3148/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3148/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3148/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1930</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2641</span> Support Vector Fuzzy Based Neural Networks For Exchange Rate Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Prof.%20Chokri%20SLIM">Prof. Chokri SLIM</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A Novel fuzzy neural network combining with support vector learning mechanism called support-vector-based fuzzy neural networks (SVBFNN) is proposed. The SVBFNN combine the capability of minimizing the empirical risk (training error) and expected risk (testing error) of support vector learning in high dimensional data spaces and the efficient human-like reasoning of FNN.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Neural%20network" title="Neural network">Neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fuzzy%20inference" title=" fuzzy inference"> fuzzy inference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fuzzy%20modeling%20and%20rule%20extraction" title=" fuzzy modeling and rule extraction"> fuzzy modeling and rule extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=support%20vector%20regression." title=" support vector regression."> support vector regression.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10715/support-vector-fuzzy-based-neural-networks-for-exchange-rate-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10715/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10715/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10715/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10715/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10715/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10715/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10715/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10715/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10715/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10715/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16687</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2640</span> Dissolved Oxygen Prediction Using Support Vector Machine </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sorayya%20Malek">Sorayya Malek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mogeeb%20Mosleh"> Mogeeb Mosleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sharifah%20M.%20Syed"> Sharifah M. Syed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique was applied to predict the dichotomized value of Dissolved oxygen (DO) from two freshwater lakes namely Chini and Bera Lake (Malaysia). Data sample contained 11 parameters for water quality features from year 2005 until 2009. All data parameters were used to predicate the dissolved oxygen concentration which was dichotomized into 3 different levels (High, Medium, and Low). The input parameters were ranked, and forward selection method was applied to determine the optimum parameters that yield the lowest errors, and highest accuracy. Initial results showed that pH, Water Temperature, and Conductivity are the most important parameters that significantly affect the predication of DO. Then, SVM model was applied using the Anova kernel with those parameters yielded 74% accuracy rate. We concluded that using SVM models to predicate the DO is feasible, and using dichotomized value of DO yields higher prediction accuracy than using precise DO value.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dissolved%20oxygen" title="Dissolved oxygen">Dissolved oxygen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Water%20quality" title=" Water quality"> Water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=predication%20DO" title="predication DO">predication DO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Support%20Vector%20Machine." title=" Support Vector Machine. "> Support Vector Machine. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997153/dissolved-oxygen-prediction-using-support-vector-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997153/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997153/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997153/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997153/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997153/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997153/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997153/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997153/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997153/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997153/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2639</span> Necessary and Sufficient Condition for the Quaternion Vector Measure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mei%20Li">Mei Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fahui%20Zhai"> Fahui Zhai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the definitions of the quaternion measure and the quaternion vector measure are introduced. The relation between the quaternion measure and the complex vector measure as well as the relation between the quaternion linear functional and the complex linear functional are discussed respectively. By using these relations, the necessary and sufficient condition to determine the quaternion vector measure is given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quaternion" title="Quaternion">Quaternion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quaternion%20measure" title=" Quaternion measure"> Quaternion measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quaternion%20vector%0D%0Ameasure" title=" Quaternion vector measure"> Quaternion vector measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quaternion%20Banach%20space" title=" Quaternion Banach space"> Quaternion Banach space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quaternion%20linear%20functional." title=" Quaternion linear functional."> Quaternion linear functional.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/necessary-and-sufficient-condition-for-the-quaternion-vector-measure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2638</span> On the Determination of a Time-like Dual Curve in Dual Lorentzian Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Emin%20%C3%96zy%C4%B1lmaz">Emin 脰zy谋lmaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, position vector of a time-like dual curve according to standard frame of D31 is investigated. First, it is proven that position vector of a time-like dual curve satisfies a dual vector differential equation of fourth order. The general solution of this dual vector differential equation has not yet been found. Due to this, in terms of special solutions, position vectors of some special time-like dual curves with respect to standard frame of D31 are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Classical%20Differential%20Geometry" title="Classical Differential Geometry">Classical Differential Geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dual%20Numbers" title=" Dual Numbers"> Dual Numbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DualFrenet%20Equations" title=" DualFrenet Equations"> DualFrenet Equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Time-like%20Dual%20Curve" title=" Time-like Dual Curve"> Time-like Dual Curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Position%20Vector" title=" Position Vector"> Position Vector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DualLorentzian%20Space." title=" DualLorentzian Space."> DualLorentzian Space.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15400/on-the-determination-of-a-time-like-dual-curve-in-dual-lorentzian-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15400/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15400/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15400/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15400/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15400/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15400/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15400/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15400/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15400/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15400/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2637</span> Multi Switched Split Vector Quantization of Narrowband Speech Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Satya%20Sai%20Ram">M. Satya Sai Ram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Siddaiah"> P. Siddaiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Madhavi%20Latha"> M. Madhavi Latha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vector quantization is a powerful tool for speech coding applications. This paper deals with LPC Coding of speech signals which uses a new technique called Multi Switched Split Vector Quantization (MSSVQ), which is a hybrid of Multi, switched, split vector quantization techniques. The spectral distortion performance, computational complexity, and memory requirements of MSSVQ are compared to split vector quantization (SVQ), multi stage vector quantization(MSVQ) and switched split vector quantization (SSVQ) techniques. It has been proved from results that MSSVQ has better spectral distortion performance, lower computational complexity and lower memory requirements when compared to all the above mentioned product code vector quantization techniques. Computational complexity is measured in floating point operations (flops), and memory requirements is measured in (floats). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Linear%20predictive%20Coding" title="Linear predictive Coding">Linear predictive Coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi%20stage%20vectorquantization" title=" Multi stage vectorquantization"> Multi stage vectorquantization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Switched%20Split%20vector%20quantization" title=" Switched Split vector quantization"> Switched Split vector quantization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Split%20vectorquantization" title=" Split vectorquantization"> Split vectorquantization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Line%20Spectral%20Frequencies%20%28LSF%29." title=" Line Spectral Frequencies (LSF)."> Line Spectral Frequencies (LSF).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7600/multi-switched-split-vector-quantization-of-narrowband-speech-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7600/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7600/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7600/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7600/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7600/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7600/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7600/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7600/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7600/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7600/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1672</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2636</span> Optimum Design of Trusses by Cuckoo Search </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Saravanan">M. Saravanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Raja%20Murugadoss"> J. Raja Murugadoss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20Jayanthi"> V. Jayanthi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Optimal design of structure has a main role in reduction of material usage which leads to deduction in the final cost of construction projects. Evolutionary approaches are found to be more successful techniques for solving size and shape structural optimization problem since it uses a stochastic random search instead of a gradient search. By reviewing the recent literature works the problem found was the optimization of weight. A new meta-heuristic algorithm called as Cuckoo Search (CS) Algorithm has used for the optimization of the total weight of the truss structures. This paper has used set of 10 bars and 25 bars trusses for the testing purpose. The main objective of this work is to reduce the number of iterations, weight and the total time consumption. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present method, minimum weight design of truss structures is performed and the results of the CS are compared with other algorithms.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cuckoo%20search%20algorithm" title="Cuckoo search algorithm">Cuckoo search algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=levy%E2%80%99s%20flight" title=" levy鈥檚 flight"> levy鈥檚 flight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=meta-heuristic" title=" meta-heuristic"> meta-heuristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimal%20weight." title=" optimal weight. "> optimal weight. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999114/optimum-design-of-trusses-by-cuckoo-search" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999114/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999114/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999114/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999114/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999114/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999114/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999114/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999114/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999114/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999114/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2635</span> Image Compression Using Hybrid Vector Quantization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.Esakkirajan">S.Esakkirajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Veerakumar"> T. Veerakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20Senthil%20Murugan"> V. Senthil Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.Navaneethan"> P.Navaneethan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, image compression using hybrid vector quantization scheme such as Multistage Vector Quantization (MSVQ) and Pyramid Vector Quantization (PVQ) are introduced. A combined MSVQ and PVQ are utilized to take advantages provided by both of them. In the wavelet decomposition of the image, most of the information often resides in the lowest frequency subband. MSVQ is applied to significant low frequency coefficients. PVQ is utilized to quantize the coefficients of other high frequency subbands. The wavelet coefficients are derived using lifting scheme. The main aim of the proposed scheme is to achieve high compression ratio without much compromise in the image quality. The results are compared with the existing image compression scheme using MSVQ. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lifting%20Scheme" title="Lifting Scheme">Lifting Scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multistage%20Vector%20Quantization%20and%0APyramid%20Vector%20Quantization." title=" Multistage Vector Quantization and Pyramid Vector Quantization."> Multistage Vector Quantization and Pyramid Vector Quantization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10145/image-compression-using-hybrid-vector-quantization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10145/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10145/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10145/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10145/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10145/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10145/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10145/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10145/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10145/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10145/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1937</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2634</span> Progressive AAM Based Robust Face Alignment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Daehwan%20Kim">Daehwan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jaemin%20Kim"> Jaemin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seongwon%20Cho"> Seongwon Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yongsuk%20Jang"> Yongsuk Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sun-Tae%20Chung"> Sun-Tae Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boo-Gyoun%20Kim"> Boo-Gyoun Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> AAM has been successfully applied to face alignment, but its performance is very sensitive to initial values. In case the initial values are a little far distant from the global optimum values, there exists a pretty good possibility that AAM-based face alignment may converge to a local minimum. In this paper, we propose a progressive AAM-based face alignment algorithm which first finds the feature parameter vector fitting the inner facial feature points of the face and later localize the feature points of the whole face using the first information. The proposed progressive AAM-based face alignment algorithm utilizes the fact that the feature points of the inner part of the face are less variant and less affected by the background surrounding the face than those of the outer part (like the chin contour). The proposed algorithm consists of two stages: modeling and relation derivation stage and fitting stage. Modeling and relation derivation stage first needs to construct two AAM models: the inner face AAM model and the whole face AAM model and then derive relation matrix between the inner face AAM parameter vector and the whole face AAM model parameter vector. In the fitting stage, the proposed algorithm aligns face progressively through two phases. In the first phase, the proposed algorithm will find the feature parameter vector fitting the inner facial AAM model into a new input face image, and then in the second phase it localizes the whole facial feature points of the new input face image based on the whole face AAM model using the initial parameter vector estimated from using the inner feature parameter vector obtained in the first phase and the relation matrix obtained in the first stage. Through experiments, it is verified that the proposed progressive AAM-based face alignment algorithm is more robust with respect to pose, illumination, and face background than the conventional basic AAM-based face alignment algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Face%20Alignment" title="Face Alignment">Face Alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=AAM" title=" AAM"> AAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=facial%20feature%20detection" title=" facial feature detection"> facial feature detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=model%20matching." title=" model matching."> model matching.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14984/progressive-aam-based-robust-face-alignment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14984/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14984/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14984/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14984/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14984/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14984/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14984/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14984/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14984/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14984/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1639</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2633</span> Parallel Vector Processing Using Multi Level Orbital DATA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nagi%20Mekhiel">Nagi Mekhiel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many applications use vector operations by applying single instruction to multiple data that map to different locations in conventional memory. Transferring data from memory is limited by access latency and bandwidth affecting the performance gain of vector processing. We present a memory system that makes all of its content available to processors in time so that processors need not to access the memory, we force each location to be available to all processors at a specific time. The data move in different orbits to become available to other processors in higher orbits at different time. We use this memory to apply parallel vector operations to data streams at first orbit level. Data processed in the first level move to upper orbit one data element at a time, allowing a processor in that orbit to apply another vector operation to deal with serial code limitations inherited in all parallel applications and interleaved it with lower level vector operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Memory%20organization" title="Memory organization">Memory organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=parallel%20processors" title=" parallel processors"> parallel processors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=serial%20code" title=" serial code"> serial code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vector%20processing." title=" vector processing."> vector processing.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006477/parallel-vector-processing-using-multi-level-orbital-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006477/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006477/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006477/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006477/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006477/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006477/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006477/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006477/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006477/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006477/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1062</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2632</span> A New Pattern for Handwritten Persian/Arabic Digit Recognition </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Harifi">A. Harifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Aghagolzadeh"> A. Aghagolzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The main problem for recognition of handwritten Persian digits using Neural Network is to extract an appropriate feature vector from image matrix. In this research an asymmetrical segmentation pattern is proposed to obtain the feature vector. This pattern can be adjusted as an optimum model thanks to its one degree of freedom as a control point. Since any chosen algorithm depends on digit identity, a Neural Network is used to prevail over this dependence. Inputs of this Network are the moment of inertia and the center of gravity which do not depend on digit identity. Recognizing the digit is carried out using another Neural Network. Simulation results indicate the high recognition rate of 97.6% for new introduced pattern in comparison to the previous models for recognition of digits.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pattern%20recognition" title="Pattern recognition">Pattern recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Persian%20digits" title=" Persian digits"> Persian digits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NeuralNetwork." title=" NeuralNetwork."> NeuralNetwork.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14864/a-new-pattern-for-handwritten-persianarabic-digit-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14864/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14864/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14864/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14864/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14864/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14864/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14864/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14864/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14864/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14864/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1677</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2631</span> Optimum Design of Steel Space Frames by Hybrid Teaching-Learning Based Optimization and Harmony Search Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alper%20Ak%C4%B1n">Alper Ak谋n</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=%C4%B0brahim%20Aydo%C4%9Fdu"> 陌brahim Aydo臒du</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm to obtain optimum designs for steel space buildings. The optimum design problem of three-dimensional steel frames is mathematically formulated according to provisions of LRFD-AISC (Load and Resistance factor design of American Institute of Steel Construction). Design constraints such as the strength requirements of structural members, the displacement limitations, the inter-story drift and the other structural constraints are derived from LRFD-AISC specification. In this study, a hybrid algorithm by using teachinglearning based optimization (TLBO) and harmony search (HS) algorithms is employed to solve the stated optimum design problem. These algorithms are two of the recent additions to metaheuristic techniques of numerical optimization and have been an efficient tool for solving discrete programming problems. Using these two algorithms in collaboration creates a more powerful tool and mitigates each other鈥檚 weaknesses. To demonstrate the powerful performance of presented hybrid algorithm, the optimum design of a large scale steel building is presented and the results are compared to the previously obtained results available in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimum%20structural%20design" title="Optimum structural design">Optimum structural design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hybrid%20techniques" title=" hybrid techniques"> hybrid techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=teaching-learning%20based%20optimization" title=" teaching-learning based optimization"> teaching-learning based optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=harmony%20search%20algorithm" title=" harmony search algorithm"> harmony search algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=minimum%20weight" title=" minimum weight"> minimum weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=steel%20space%20frame." title=" steel space frame."> steel space frame.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002405/optimum-design-of-steel-space-frames-by-hybrid-teaching-learning-based-optimization-and-harmony-search-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002405/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002405/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002405/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002405/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002405/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002405/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002405/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002405/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002405/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002405/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2630</span> A Formulation of the Latent Class Vector Model for Pairwise Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tomoya%20Okubo">Tomoya Okubo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kuninori%20Nakamura"> Kuninori Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shin-ichi%20Mayekawa"> Shin-ichi Mayekawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this research, a latent class vector model for pairwise data is formulated. As compared to the basic vector model, this model yields consistent estimates of the parameters since the number of parameters to be estimated does not increase with the number of subjects. The result of the analysis reveals that the model was stable and could classify each subject to the latent classes representing the typical scales used by these subjects.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finite%20mixture%20models" title="finite mixture models">finite mixture models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=latent%20class%20analysis" title=" latent class analysis"> latent class analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thrustone%27s%20paired%20comparison%20method" title="Thrustone's paired comparison method">Thrustone's paired comparison method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vector%20model" title=" vector model"> vector model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9031/a-formulation-of-the-latent-class-vector-model-for-pairwise-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9031/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9031/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9031/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9031/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9031/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9031/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9031/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9031/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9031/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9031/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2629</span> 3D Model Retrieval based on Normal Vector Interpolation Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ami%20Kim">Ami Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oubong%20Gwun"> Oubong Gwun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Juwhan%20Song"> Juwhan Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we proposed the distribution of mesh normal vector direction as a feature descriptor of a 3D model. A normal vector shows the entire shape of a model well. The distribution of normal vectors was sampled in proportion to each polygon's area so that the information on the surface with less surface area may be less reflected on composing a feature descriptor in order to enhance retrieval performance. At the analysis result of ANMRR, the enhancement of approx. 12.4%~34.7% compared to the existing method has also been indicated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Interpolated%20Normal%20Vector" title="Interpolated Normal Vector">Interpolated Normal Vector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Feature%20Descriptor" title=" Feature Descriptor"> Feature Descriptor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3DModel%20Retrieval." title=" 3DModel Retrieval."> 3DModel Retrieval.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5344/3d-model-retrieval-based-on-normal-vector-interpolation-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5344/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5344/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5344/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5344/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5344/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5344/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5344/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5344/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5344/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5344/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2628</span> Information Filtering using Index Word Selection based on the Topics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Takeru%20YOKOI">Takeru YOKOI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hidekazu%20YANAGIMOTO"> Hidekazu YANAGIMOTO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sigeru%20OMATU"> Sigeru OMATU</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have proposed an information filtering system using index word selection from a document set based on the topics included in a set of documents. This method narrows down the particularly characteristic words in a document set and the topics are obtained by Sparse Non-negative Matrix Factorization. In information filtering, a document is often represented with the vector in which the elements correspond to the weight of the index words, and the dimension of the vector becomes larger as the number of documents is increased. Therefore, it is possible that useless words as index words for the information filtering are included. In order to address the problem, the dimension needs to be reduced. Our proposal reduces the dimension by selecting index words based on the topics included in a document set. We have applied the Sparse Non-negative Matrix Factorization to the document set to obtain these topics. The filtering is carried out based on a centroid of the learning document set. The centroid is regarded as the user-s interest. In addition, the centroid is represented with a document vector whose elements consist of the weight of the selected index words. Using the English test collection MEDLINE, thus, we confirm the effectiveness of our proposal. Hence, our proposed selection can confirm the improvement of the recommendation accuracy from the other previous methods when selecting the appropriate number of index words. In addition, we discussed the selected index words by our proposal and we found our proposal was able to select the index words covered some minor topics included in the document set. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Information%20Filtering" title="Information Filtering">Information Filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sparse%20NMF" title=" Sparse NMF"> Sparse NMF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Index%20wordSelection" title=" Index wordSelection"> Index wordSelection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=User%20Profile" title=" User Profile"> User Profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chi-squared%20Measure" title=" Chi-squared Measure"> Chi-squared Measure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14748/information-filtering-using-index-word-selection-based-on-the-topics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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