Language References - Kong Gateway

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class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/key-concepts/consumers/"> Consumers </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/key-concepts/upstreams/"> Upstreams </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/key-concepts/plugins/"> Plugins </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/key-concepts/consumer-groups/"> Consumer Groups </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-1-7-how-kong-works-subtree"> How Kong Works <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle How Kong Works subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-1-7-how-kong-works-subtree" role="group" aria-label="How Kong Works"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/how-kong-works/routing-traffic/"> Routing Traffic </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/how-kong-works/load-balancing/"> Load Balancing </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/how-kong-works/health-checks/"> Health Checks and Circuit Breakers </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/glossary/"> Glossary </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-2-get-started-with-kong-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-learning.svg" alt=""> Get Started with Kong <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Get Started with Kong subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-2-get-started-with-kong-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Get Started with Kong"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/get-started/"> Get Kong </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/get-started/services-and-routes/"> Services and Routes </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/get-started/rate-limiting/"> Rate Limiting </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/get-started/proxy-caching/"> Proxy Caching </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/get-started/key-authentication/"> Key Authentication </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/get-started/load-balancing/"> Load-Balancing </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-3-install-kong-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-deployment-color.svg" alt=""> Install Kong <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Install Kong subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-3-install-kong-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Install Kong"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-3-2-kubernetes-subtree"> Kubernetes <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Kubernetes subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-3-2-kubernetes-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Kubernetes"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/kubernetes/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/kubernetes/proxy/"> Install Kong Gateway </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/kubernetes/admin/"> Configure the Admin API </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/kubernetes/manager/"> Install Kong Manager </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-3-3-docker-subtree"> Docker <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Docker subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-3-3-docker-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Docker"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/docker/"> Using docker run </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/docker/build-custom-images/"> Build your own Docker images </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-3-4-linux-subtree"> Linux <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Linux subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-3-4-linux-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Linux"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/linux/amazon-linux/"> Amazon Linux </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/linux/debian/"> Debian </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/linux/rhel/"> Red Hat </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/linux/ubuntu/"> Ubuntu </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-3-5-post-installation-subtree"> Post-installation <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Post-installation subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-3-5-post-installation-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Post-installation"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/post-install/set-up-data-store/"> Set up a data store </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/post-install/enterprise-license/"> Apply Enterprise license </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/install/post-install/kong-manager/"> Enable Kong Manager </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-kong-in-production-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-deployment-color.svg" alt=""> Kong in Production <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Kong in Production subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-kong-in-production-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Kong in Production"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-1-deployment-topologies-subtree"> Deployment Topologies <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Deployment Topologies subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-1-deployment-topologies-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Deployment Topologies"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/deployment-topologies/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-1-2-hybrid-mode-subtree"> Hybrid Mode <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Hybrid Mode subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-1-2-hybrid-mode-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Hybrid Mode"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/deployment-topologies/hybrid-mode/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/deployment-topologies/hybrid-mode/setup/"> Deploy Kong Gateway in Hybrid mode </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/deployment-topologies/db-less-and-declarative-config/"> DB-less Deployment </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/deployment-topologies/traditional/"> Traditional </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-2-running-kong-subtree"> Running Kong <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Running Kong subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-2-running-kong-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Running Kong"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/running-kong/kong-user/"> Running Kong as a non-root user </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/running-kong/secure-admin-api/"> Securing the Admin API </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/running-kong/systemd/"> Using systemd </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-3-access-control-subtree"> Access Control <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Access Control subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-3-access-control-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Access Control"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/access-control/start-securely/"> Start Kong Gateway Securely </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/access-control/register-admin-api/"> Programatically Creating Admins </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/access-control/enable-rbac/"> Enabling RBAC </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-4-licenses-subtree"> Licenses <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Licenses subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-4-licenses-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Licenses"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/licenses/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/licenses/download/"> Download your License </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/licenses/deploy/"> Deploy Enterprise License </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/licenses/examples/"> Using the License API </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/licenses/report/"> Monitor Licenses Usage </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-5-networking-subtree"> Networking <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Networking subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-5-networking-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Networking"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/networking/default-ports/"> Default Ports </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/networking/dns-considerations/"> DNS Considerations </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/networking/firewall/"> Network and Firewall </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/networking/cp-dp-proxy/"> CP/DP Communication through a Forward Proxy </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-5-5-postgresql-tls-subtree"> PostgreSQL TLS <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle PostgreSQL TLS subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-5-5-postgresql-tls-subtree" role="group" aria-label="PostgreSQL TLS"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/networking/configure-postgres-tls/"> Configure PostgreSQL TLS </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/networking/troubleshoot-postgres-tls/"> Troubleshooting PostgreSQL TLS </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/kong-conf/"> Kong Configuration File </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/environment-variables/"> Environment Variables </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/website-api-serving/"> Serving a Website and APIs from Kong </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-9-monitoring-subtree"> Monitoring <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Monitoring subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-9-monitoring-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Monitoring"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/monitoring/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/monitoring/prometheus/"> Prometheus </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/monitoring/statsd/"> StatsD </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/monitoring/datadog/"> Datadog </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/monitoring/healthcheck-probes/"> Health Check Probes </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/monitoring/ai-metrics/"> Expose and graph AI Metrics </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-10-tracing-subtree"> Tracing <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Tracing subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-10-tracing-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Tracing"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/tracing/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/tracing/write-custom-trace-exporter/"> Writing a Custom Trace Exporter </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/tracing/api/"> Tracing API Reference </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/sizing-guidelines/"> Resource Sizing Guidelines </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/security-update-process/"> Security Update Process </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/blue-green/"> Blue-Green Deployments </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/canary/"> Canary Deployments </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/clustering/"> Clustering Reference </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-16-performance-subtree"> Performance <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Performance subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-16-performance-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Performance"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/performance/performance-testing/"> Performance Testing Benchmarks </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/performance/benchmark/"> Establish a Performance Benchmark </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/performance/brotli/"> Improve performance with Brotli compression </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-17-logging-and-debugging-subtree"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/logging/"> Logging and Debugging </a> <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Logging and Debugging subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-17-logging-and-debugging-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Logging and Debugging"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/logging/log-reference/"> Log Reference </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/logging/update-log-level-dynamically/"> Dynamic log level updates </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/logging/customize-gateway-logs/"> Customize Gateway Logs 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aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-20-upgrade-and-migration-subtree"> Upgrade and Migration <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Upgrade and Migration subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-4-20-upgrade-and-migration-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Upgrade and Migration"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/upgrade/"> Upgrading Kong Gateway 3.x.x </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/upgrade/backup-and-restore/"> Backup and Restore </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-4-20-3-upgrade-strategies-subtree"> Upgrade Strategies <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle 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</a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/upgrade/lts-upgrade/"> Upgrade from 2.8 LTS to 3.4 LTS </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/migrate-ce-to-ke/"> Migrate from OSS to Enterprise </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/migrate-cassandra-to-postgres/"> Migration Guidelines Cassandra to PostgreSQL </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/migrate-to-new-dns-client/"> Migrate to the new DNS client </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/production/breaking-changes/"> Breaking Changes </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-5-kong-gateway-enterprise-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-enterprise-blue.svg" alt=""> Kong Gateway Enterprise <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Kong Gateway Enterprise subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-5-kong-gateway-enterprise-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Kong Gateway Enterprise"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" 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href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/backends/env/"> Environment Variables </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/backends/aws-sm/"> AWS Secrets Manager </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/backends/azure-key-vaults/"> Azure Key Vaults </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/backends/gcp-sm/"> Google Cloud Secret Manager </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/backends/hashicorp-vault/"> HashiCorp Vault </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-5-2-6-how-to-subtree"> How-To <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle How-To subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-5-2-6-how-to-subtree" role="group" aria-label="How-To"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/how-to/aws-secrets-manager/"> Securing the Database with AWS Secrets Manager </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/secrets-management/reference-format/"> Reference Format </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-5-3-dynamic-plugin-ordering-subtree"> Dynamic Plugin Ordering <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Dynamic Plugin Ordering subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-5-3-dynamic-plugin-ordering-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Dynamic Plugin Ordering"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/plugin-ordering/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/plugin-ordering/get-started/"> Get Started with Dynamic Plugin Ordering </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/audit-log/"> Audit Logging </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/db-encryption/"> Keyring and Data Encryption </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/workspaces/"> Workspaces </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/consumer-groups/"> Consumer Groups </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/event-hooks/"> Event Hooks </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/cp-outage-handling/"> Configure Data Plane Resilience </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/cp-outage-handling-faq/"> About Control Plane Outage Management </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-5-11-fips-140-2-subtree"> FIPS 140-2 <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle FIPS 140-2 subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-5-11-fips-140-2-subtree" role="group" aria-label="FIPS 140-2"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/fips-support/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/fips-support/install/"> Install the FIPS Compliant Package </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/fips-support/plugins/"> FIPS 140-2 Compliant Plugins </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/aws-iam-auth-to-rds-database/"> Authenticate your Kong Gateway Amazon RDS database with AWS IAM </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/signed-images/"> Verify Signatures for Signed Kong Images </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-enterprise/provenance-verification/"> Verify Build Provenance for Signed Kong Images </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-6-kong-ai-gateway-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-ai.svg" alt=""> Kong AI Gateway <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Kong AI Gateway subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-6-kong-ai-gateway-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Kong AI Gateway"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/ai-gateway/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/get-started/ai-gateway/"> Get started with AI Gateway </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-6-3-llm-provider-integration-guides-subtree"> LLM Provider Integration Guides <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle LLM Provider Integration Guides subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-6-3-llm-provider-integration-guides-subtree" role="group" aria-label="LLM Provider Integration Guides"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/hub/kong-inc/ai-proxy/how-to/llm-provider-integration-guides/openai/"> OpenAI </a> </span> </li> <li 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class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/hub/kong-inc/ai-proxy/how-to/llm-provider-integration-guides/llama2/"> Llama2 </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/hub/kong-inc/ai-proxy/how-to/llm-provider-integration-guides/gemini/"> Vertex/Gemini </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/hub/kong-inc/ai-proxy/how-to/llm-provider-integration-guides/bedrock/"> Amazon Bedrock </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/ai-gateway/ai-analytics/"> AI Gateway Analytics </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/ai-gateway/metrics/"> Expose and graph AI Metrics </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/hub/kong-inc/ai-proxy-advanced/#load-balancing/"> AI Gateway Load Balancing </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/hub/?category=ai/"> AI Gateway plugins </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-7-kong-manager-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-manager-color.svg" alt=""> Kong Manager <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Kong Manager subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-7-kong-manager-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Kong Manager"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/enable/"> Enable Kong Manager </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-7-3-get-started-with-kong-manager-subtree"> Get Started with Kong Manager <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Get Started with Kong Manager subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-7-3-get-started-with-kong-manager-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Get Started with Kong Manager"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/get-started/services-and-routes/"> Services and Routes </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/get-started/rate-limiting/"> Rate Limiting </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/get-started/proxy-caching/"> Proxy Caching </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/get-started/consumers/"> Authentication with Consumers </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/get-started/load-balancing/"> Load Balancing </a> </span> </li> </ul> 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class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/auth/workspaces-and-teams/"> Workspaces and Teams </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/auth/reset-password/"> Reset Passwords and RBAC Tokens </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/auth/basic/"> Basic Auth </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-7-4-6-ldap-subtree"> LDAP <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle LDAP subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-7-4-6-ldap-subtree" role="group" aria-label="LDAP"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/auth/ldap/configure/"> Configure LDAP </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/auth/ldap/service-directory-mapping/"> LDAP Service Directory Mapping </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-7-4-7-oidc-subtree"> OIDC <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle OIDC subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-7-4-7-oidc-subtree" role="group" aria-label="OIDC"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/auth/oidc/configure/"> Configure OIDC </a> </span> </li> <li 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role="group" aria-label="RBAC"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/auth/rbac/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/auth/rbac/enable/"> Enable RBAC </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/auth/rbac/add-role/"> Add a Role and Permissions </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/auth/rbac/add-user/"> Create a User </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/auth/rbac/add-admin/"> Create an Admin </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/networking/"> Networking Configuration </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/workspaces/"> Workspaces </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/consumer-groups/"> Create Consumer Groups </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-manager/configuring-to-send-email/"> Sending Email </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" 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aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-8-2-getting-started-subtree"> Getting Started <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Getting Started subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-8-2-getting-started-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Getting Started"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/get-started/"> Introduction </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/get-started/setup/"> Set up the Plugin Project </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/get-started/testing/"> Add Plugin Testing </a> </span> </li> <li 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class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/custom-logic/"> Implementing Custom Logic </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/configuration/"> Plugin Configuration </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/access-the-datastore/"> Accessing the Data Store </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/custom-entities/"> Storing Custom Entities </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/entities-cache/"> Caching Custom Entities </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/admin-api/"> Extending the Admin API </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/tests/"> Writing Tests </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/distribution/"> Installation and Distribution </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-8-12-proxy-wasm-filters-subtree"> Proxy-Wasm Filters <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Proxy-Wasm Filters subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> 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id="id-8-13-plugin-development-kit-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Plugin Development Kit"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.client/"> kong.client </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.client.tls/"> kong.client.tls </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.cluster/"> kong.cluster </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.ctx/"> kong.ctx </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.ip/"> kong.ip </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.jwe/"> kong.jwe </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.log/"> kong.log </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.nginx/"> kong.nginx </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.node/"> kong.node </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.plugin/"> kong.plugin </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.request/"> kong.request </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.response/"> kong.response </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.router/"> kong.router </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.service/"> kong.service </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.service.request/"> kong.service.request </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.service.response/"> kong.service.response </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.table/"> kong.table </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.telemetry.log/"> kong.telemetry.log </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.tracing/"> kong.tracing </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.vault/"> kong.vault </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.websocket.client/"> kong.websocket.client </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pdk/kong.websocket.upstream/"> kong.websocket.upstream </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-8-14-plugins-in-other-languages-subtree"> Plugins in Other Languages <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Plugins in Other Languages subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-8-14-plugins-in-other-languages-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Plugins in Other Languages"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pluginserver/go/"> Go </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pluginserver/javascript/"> Javascript </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pluginserver/python/"> Python </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pluginserver/plugins-kubernetes/"> Running Plugins in Containers </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/plugin-development/pluginserver/performance/"> External Plugin Performance </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-9-kong-plugins-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-api-plugins-color.svg" alt=""> Kong Plugins <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Kong Plugins subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-9-kong-plugins-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Kong Plugins"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-plugins/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-plugins/authentication/reference/"> Authentication Reference </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-plugins/authentication/allowing-multiple-authentication-methods/"> Allow Multiple Authentication Plugins </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-9-4-plugin-queuing-subtree"> Plugin Queuing <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Plugin Queuing subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-9-4-plugin-queuing-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Plugin Queuing"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-plugins/queue/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/kong-plugins/queue/reference/"> Plugin Queuing Reference </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-10-admin-api-subtree"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/documentation/icn-admin-api-color.svg" alt=""> Admin API <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Admin API subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-10-admin-api-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Admin API"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/admin-api/"> Overview </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/admin-api/declarative-configuration/"> Declarative Configuration </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="id-10-3-enterprise-api-subtree"> Enterprise API <button class="sidebar-tree-toggle" aria-label="toggle Enterprise API subtree" tabindex="-1"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> </span> <ul class="items" id="id-10-3-enterprise-api-subtree" role="group" aria-label="Enterprise API"> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/api/admin-ee/latest/#/Information/get-endpoints/" target="_blank"> Information Routes </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/api/admin-ee/latest/#/Information/get-status/" target="_blank"> Health Routes </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/api/admin-ee/latest/#/tags/get-tags/" target="_blank"> Tags </a> </span> </li> <li class="sidebar-item" role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/api/admin-ee/latest/#/debug/put-debug-cluster-control-planes-nodes-log-level-log_level/" target="_blank"> Debug Routes </a> </span> 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role="none"> <span role="treeitem" class="sidebar-label"> <a class="sidebar-link" tabindex="-1" href="/gateway/latest/reference/faq/"> FAQ </a> </span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </aside> <aside class="docs-toc"> <i class="fa fa-times close-sidebar"></i> <i class="fa fa-chevron-right collapse-toc"></i> <i class="far fa-list-alt expand-toc"></i> <div id="oss-ee-toggle" data-current="Enterprise" style="display: none"> <span class="oss-ee-toggle-inner"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/icn-enterprise-black.svg" alt="enterprise-switcher-icon"> <span>Switch to <span id="switch-to-version">OSS</span></span> </span> </div> <div class="docs-toc-title"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/hub-layout/icn-on-this-page.svg" alt="On this page"><a href="#">On this page</a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="#predicates" class="active scroll-to">Predicates</a></li> <li> <a href="#type-system" class="scroll-to">Type system</a> <ul> <li><a href="#string" class="scroll-to">String</a></li> <li><a href="#ipcidr" class="scroll-to">IpCidr</a></li> <li><a href="#ipaddr" class="scroll-to">IpAddr</a></li> <li><a href="#int" class="scroll-to">Int</a></li> <li><a href="#regex" class="scroll-to">Regex</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="#operators" class="scroll-to">Operators</a> <ul> <li><a href="#extended-descriptions" class="scroll-to">Extended descriptions</a></li> <li><a href="#in-and-not-in" class="scroll-to">In and not in</a></li> <li><a href="#contains" class="scroll-to">Contains</a></li> <li><a href="#type-and-operator-semantics" class="scroll-to">Type and operator semantics</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </aside> <div class="page-content-container page-content-container-doc v2 " id="documentation"> <div class="toggles "> <i class="far fa-list-alt toc-sidebar-toggle"></i> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div class="content show-anchor-links"> <h1 tabindex="-1" id="main" class="page-content-title">Language References </h1> <p>This reference explains the parts of the expressions language structure used for the expression router.</p> <h2 id="predicates">Predicates</h2> <p>A predicate is the basic unit of expressions code which takes the following form:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>http.path ^= "/foo/bar" </code></pre></div></div> <p>This predicate example has the following structure:</p> <ul> <li> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http.path</code>: Field</li> <li> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">^=</code>: Operator</li> <li> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">"/foo/bar"</code>: Constant value</li> </ul> <h2 id="type-system">Type system</h2> <p>Expressions language is strongly typed. Operations are only performed if such an operation makes sense in regard to the actual type of field and constant.</p> <p>Type conversion at runtime is not supported, either explicitly or implicitly. Types are always known at the time a route is parsed and an error is returned if the operator cannot be performed on the provided field and constant.</p> <p>The expressions language currently supports the following types:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Field type</th> <th>Constant type</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">String</code></td> <td>A string value, always in valid UTF-8.</td> <td>✅</td> <td>✅</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">IpCidr</code></td> <td>Range of IP addresses in CIDR format. Can be either IPv4 or IPv6.</td> <td>❌</td> <td>✅</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">IpAddr</code></td> <td>A single IP address. Can be either IPv4 or IPv6.</td> <td>✅</td> <td>✅</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Int</code></td> <td>A 64-bit signed integer.</td> <td>✅</td> <td>✅</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Regex</code></td> <td>A regex in <a href="https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/#syntax" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer ">syntax</a> specified by the Rust <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">regex</code> crate.</td> <td>❌</td> <td>✅</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>In addition, expressions also supports one composite type, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Array</code>. Array types are written as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Type[]</code>. For example: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">String[]</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Int[]</code>. Currently, arrays can only be present in field values. They are used in case one field could contain multiple values. For example, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http.headers.x</code> or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http.queries.x</code>.</p> <h3 id="string">String</h3> <p>Strings are valid UTF-8 sequences. They can be defined with string literal that looks like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">"content"</code>. The following escape sequences are supported:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Escape sequence</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">\n</code></td> <td>Newline character</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">\r</code></td> <td>Carriage return character</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">\t</code></td> <td>Horizontal tab character</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">\\</code></td> <td>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">\</code> character</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">\"</code></td> <td>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">"</code> character</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>In addition, expressions support raw string literals, like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">r#"content"#</code>. This feature is useful if you want to write a regex and repeated escape becomes tedious to deal with.</p> <p>For example, if you want to match <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http.path</code> against <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/\d+\-\d+</code> using the regex <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">~</code> operator, the predicate will be written as the following with string literals:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>http.path ~ "/\\d+\\-\\d+" </code></pre></div></div> <p>With raw string literals, you can write:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>http.path ~ r#"/\d+\-\d+"# </code></pre></div></div> <h3 id="ipcidr">IpCidr</h3> <p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">IpCidr</code> represents a range of IP addresses in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) format.</p> <p>The following is an IPv4 example:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>net.src.ip in 192.168.1.0/24 </code></pre></div></div> <p>The following is an IPv6 example:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>net.src.ip in fd00::/8 </code></pre></div></div> <p>Expressions parser rejects any CIDR literal where the host portion contains any non-zero bits. This means that <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">192.168.0.1/24</code> won’t pass the parser check because the intention of the author is unclear.</p> <h3 id="ipaddr">IpAddr</h3> <p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">IpAddr</code> represents a single IP addresses in IPv4 Dot-decimal notation, or the standard IPv6 Address Format.</p> <p>The following is an IPv4 example:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>net.src.ip == 192.168.1.1 </code></pre></div></div> <p>The following is an IPv6 example:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>net.src.ip == fd00::1 </code></pre></div></div> <h3 id="int">Int</h3> <p>There is only one integer type in expressions. All integers are signed 64-bit integers. Integer literals can be written as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">12345</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-12345</code>, or in hexadecimal format, such as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">0xab12ff</code>, or in octet format like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">0751</code>.</p> <h3 id="regex">Regex</h3> <p>Regex are written as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">String</code> literals, but they are parsed when the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">~</code> regex operator is present and checked for validity according to the <a href="https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/#syntax" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer ">Rust <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">regex</code> crate syntax</a>. For example, in the following predicate, the constant is parsed as a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Regex</code>:</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>http.path ~ r#"/foo/bar/.+"# </code></pre></div></div> <h2 id="operators">Operators</h2> <p>Expressions language support a rich set of operators that can be performed on various data types.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Operator</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Description</th> <th> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">==</code></td> <td>Equals</td> <td>Field value is equal to the constant value</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">!=</code></td> <td>Not equals</td> <td>Field value does not equal the constant value</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">~</code></td> <td>Regex match</td> <td>Field value matches regex</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">^=</code></td> <td>Prefix match</td> <td>Field value starts with the constant value</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">=^</code></td> <td>Postfix match</td> <td>Field value ends with the constant value</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">>=</code></td> <td>Greater than or equal</td> <td>Field value is greater than or equal to the constant value</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">></code></td> <td>Greater than</td> <td>Field value is greater than the constant value</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><=</code></td> <td>Less than or equal</td> <td>Field value is less than or equal to the constant value</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><</code></td> <td>Less than</td> <td>Field value is less than the constant value</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">in</code></td> <td>In</td> <td>Field value is inside the constant value</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">not in</code></td> <td>Not in</td> <td>Field value is not inside the constant value</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">contains</code></td> <td>Contains</td> <td>Field value contains the constant value</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&&</code></td> <td>And</td> <td>Returns <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">true</code> if <strong>both</strong> expressions on the left and right side evaluates to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">true</code> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">||</code></td> <td>Or</td> <td>Returns <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">true</code> if <strong>any</strong> expressions on the left and right side evaluates to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">true</code> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">(Expression)</code></td> <td>Parenthesis</td> <td>Groups expressions together to be evaluated first</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">!</code></td> <td>Not</td> <td>Negates the result of a parenthesized expression. <strong>Note:</strong> The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">!</code> operator can only be used with parenthesized expression like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">!(foo == 1)</code>, it <strong>cannot</strong> be used with a bare predicate like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">! foo == 1</code> </td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="extended-descriptions">Extended descriptions</h3> <h3 id="in-and-not-in">In and not in</h3> <p>These operators are used with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">IpAddr</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">IpCidr</code> types to perform an efficient IP list check. For example, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">net.src.ip in 192.168.0.0/24</code> will only return <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">true</code> if the value of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">net.src.ip</code> is within <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">192.168.0.0/24</code>.</p> <h3 id="contains">Contains</h3> <p>This operator is used to check the existence of a string inside another string. For example, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http.path contains "foo"</code> will return <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">true</code> if <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">foo</code> can be found anywhere inside <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http.path</code>. This will match a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http.path</code> that looks like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/foo</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/abc/foo</code>, or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/xfooy</code>, for example.</p> <h3 id="type-and-operator-semantics">Type and operator semantics</h3> <p>Here are the allowed combination of field types and constant types with each operator. In the following table, rows represent field types that display on the left-hand side (LHS) of the predicate, whereas columns represent constant value types that display on the right-hand side (RHS) of the predicate.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Field (LHS)/Constant (RHS) types</th> <th><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">String</code></th> <th><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">IpCidr</code></th> <th><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">IpAddr</code></th> <th><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Int</code></th> <th><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Regex</code></th> <th><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expression</code></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">String</code></td> <td> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">==</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">!=</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">~</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">^=</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">=^</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">contains</code> </td> <td>❌</td> <td>❌</td> <td>❌</td> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">~</code></td> <td>❌</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">IpAddr</code></td> <td>❌</td> <td> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">in</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">not in</code> </td> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">==</code></td> <td>❌</td> <td>❌</td> <td>❌</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Int</code></td> <td>❌</td> <td>❌</td> <td>❌</td> <td> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">==</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">!=</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">>=</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">></code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><=</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><</code> </td> <td>❌</td> <td>❌</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Expression</code></td> <td>❌</td> <td>❌</td> <td>❌</td> <td>❌</td> <td>❌</td> <td> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&&</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">||</code> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <blockquote class="note"> <p><strong>Notes:</strong></p> <ul> <li>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">~</code> operator is described as supporting both <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">String ~ String</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">String ~ Regex</code>. In reality, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Regex</code> constant values can only be written as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">String</code> on the right hand side. The presence of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">~</code> operators treats the string value as a regex. Even with the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">~</code> operator, <a href="#string"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">String</code> escape rules described above</a> still apply and it is almost always easier to use raw string literals for the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">~</code> operator as described in the <a href="#regex"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Regex</code> section</a>.</li> <li>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">~</code> operator does not automatically anchor the regex to the beginning of the input. Meaning <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http.path ~ r#"/foo/\d"#</code> could match a path like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/foo/1</code> or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/some/thing/foo/1</code>. If you want to match from the beginning of the string (anchoring the regex), then you must manually specify it with the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">^</code> meta-character. For example, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http.path ~ r#"^/foo/\d"#</code>.</li> <li>When performing IP address-related comparisons with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">==</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">in</code>, or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">not in</code>, different families of address types for the field and constant value will always cause the predicate to return <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">false</code> at runtime.</li> </ul> </blockquote> </div> </div> </div> <div id="scroll-to-top-button"> <i class="fas fa-chevron-up"></i> </div> <div class="feedback-widget-container"> <input id="feedback-widget-checkbox" type="checkbox"> <label for="feedback-widget-checkbox"> <img src="/assets/images/icons/feedback-widget.svg" alt="Feedback widget"> </label> <div class="feedback-container"> <div class="feedback-thankyou"> Thank you for your feedback. </div> <div 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