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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Taylor Compton</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="كارل تايلور كومتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارل تايلور كومتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="কার্ল টেলর কম্পটন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্ল টেলর কম্পটন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton" title="Karl Taylor Compton – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karl Taylor Compton" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton" title="Karl Taylor Compton – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karl Taylor Compton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton" title="Karl Taylor Compton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Karl Taylor Compton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="کارل تیلور کامپتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارل تیلور کامپتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Compton" title="Karl Compton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karl Compton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton" title="Karl Taylor Compton – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karl Taylor Compton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Compton" title="Karl Compton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Karl Compton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BB" title="കാൾ ടെയ്ലർ കോംപ്റ്റൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാൾ ടെയ്ലർ കോംപ്റ്റൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="カール・コンプトン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カール・コンプトン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton" title="Karl Taylor Compton – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karl Taylor Compton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton" title="Karl Taylor Compton – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Karl Taylor Compton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Комптон, Карл Тэйлор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Комптон, Карл Тэйлор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton" title="Karl Taylor Compton – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karl Taylor Compton" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton" title="Karl Taylor Compton – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karl Taylor Compton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Карл Комптон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карл Комптон" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Karl Compton</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_Taylor_Compton_1944.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Karl_Taylor_Compton_1944.png/220px-Karl_Taylor_Compton_1944.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Karl_Taylor_Compton_1944.png/330px-Karl_Taylor_Compton_1944.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Karl_Taylor_Compton_1944.png/440px-Karl_Taylor_Compton_1944.png 2x" data-file-width="1277" data-file-height="1702" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Compton (age 57) in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Signal_Corps" title="United States Army Signal Corps">U.S. Radar Mission</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1930–1948</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Wesley_Stratton" title="Samuel Wesley Stratton">Samuel Wesley Stratton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Rhyne_Killian" title="James Rhyne Killian">James Rhyne Killian</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1887-09-14</span>)</span>September 14, 1887<br /><a href="/wiki/Wooster,_Ohio" title="Wooster, Ohio">Wooster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 22, 1954<span style="display:none">(1954-06-22)</span> (aged 66)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a> (brother)<br /><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Martindale_Compton" title="Wilson Martindale Compton">Wilson Martindale Compton</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/College_of_Wooster" title="College of Wooster">College of Wooster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/College_of_Wooster" title="College of Wooster">College of Wooster</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/301739926/">The Influence of the Contact Difference of Potential between the Plates Emitting and Receiving Electrons Liberated by Ultraviolet Light on the Measurement of the Velocities of These Electrons</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1911)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Owen Willans Richardson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_DeWolf_Smyth" title="Henry DeWolf Smyth">Henry DeWolf Smyth</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Stewart" title="John Quincy Stewart">John Quincy Stewart</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carl_Henry_Eckart" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Henry Eckart">Carl Henry Eckart</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rao_Yutai" title="Rao Yutai">Rao/Yao Yutai</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Philip_M._Morse" title="Philip M. Morse">Philip M. Morse</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wayne_B._Nottingham" title="Wayne B. Nottingham">Wayne B. Nottingham</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Karl Taylor Compton</b> (September 14, 1887 – June 22, 1954) was a prominent <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a> and president of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT) from 1930 to 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_early_years_(1887–1912)"><span id="The_early_years_.281887.E2.80.931912.29"></span>The early years (1887–1912)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Taylor_Compton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The early years (1887–1912)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karl Taylor Compton was born in <a href="/wiki/Wooster,_Ohio" title="Wooster, Ohio">Wooster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, on September 14, 1887, the eldest of three brothers (including <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Martindale_Compton" title="Wilson Martindale Compton">Wilson Martindale Compton</a>) and one sister, Mary.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Elias Compton, was from an old American Presbyterian family, and his mother, Otelia Augspurger Compton, was from an <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsatian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hessian</a> <a href="/wiki/Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennonite">Mennonite</a> family that had recently immigrated to the United States. He came from a remarkably accomplished family in which his brother Arthur became a prominent physicist and sister Mary a missionary. </p><p>Beginning in 1897, Compton's summers were spent camping at <a href="/wiki/Otsego_Lake_Township,_Michigan" title="Otsego Lake Township, Michigan">Otsego Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> while attending Wooster public schools in fall, winter and summer. He took hard labor jobs starting at age eleven to help pay for college, working carrying hods for construction projects, as a farm hand, mule skinner, a book canvasser, in tile and brick factories and surveyed the first mile of paved road in Ohio. </p><p>In 1902, Compton skipped a grade and went into <a href="/wiki/The_College_of_Wooster" class="mw-redirect" title="The College of Wooster">Wooster University</a>'s preparatory department for the last two years of high school. In 1908, he graduated from Wooster <i><a href="/wiki/Latin_honors" title="Latin honors">cum laude</a></i> with a bachelor of philosophy degree, then in 1909 his master's thesis <i>A study of the <a href="/wiki/Wehnelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Wehnelt">Wehnelt</a> electrolytic interrupter</i> was published in <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1909–1910 he was an instructor in Wooster's chemistry department before entering a graduate program at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>. There he received the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Porter_Ogden_Jacobus_Fellowship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porter Ogden Jacobus Fellowship (page does not exist)">Porter Ogden Jacobus Fellowship</a>, and worked with <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Owen Willans Richardson</a> and jointly published several papers on electrons released by ultraviolet light, electron theory and on the photoelectric effect. Richardson went on to receive the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> in some of the areas where Compton contributed. In 1912, Compton received his Ph.D. from Princeton <a href="/wiki/Latin_honors" title="Latin honors">summa cum laude</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thesis-compton-1911_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesis-compton-1911-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reed_College_and_WW_I_(1913–1918)"><span id="Reed_College_and_WW_I_.281913.E2.80.931918.29"></span>Reed College and WW I (1913–1918)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Taylor_Compton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reed College and WW I (1913–1918)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1913, Compton married Rowena Raymond. They moved to <a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>, where Compton was an instructor in physics. In 1915, he returned to Princeton as an associate professor of physics. He also took a consultancy at the <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="General Electric Corporation">General Electric Corporation</a>. He contributed to the war effort at Princeton and with the <a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Corps (United States Army)">Signal Corps</a>. In December 1917, Compton was attached to the US Embassy in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> as an associate <a href="/wiki/Science_attach%C3%A9" title="Science attaché">science attaché</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Princeton_University_(1918–1930)"><span id="Princeton_University_.281918.E2.80.931930.29"></span>Princeton University (1918–1930)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Taylor_Compton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Princeton University (1918–1930)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_Taylor_Compton_Princeton_c1929.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Karl_Taylor_Compton_Princeton_c1929.png/220px-Karl_Taylor_Compton_Princeton_c1929.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Karl_Taylor_Compton_Princeton_c1929.png/330px-Karl_Taylor_Compton_Princeton_c1929.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Karl_Taylor_Compton_Princeton_c1929.png/440px-Karl_Taylor_Compton_Princeton_c1929.png 2x" data-file-width="2498" data-file-height="1741" /></a><figcaption>In Princeton's Palmer Lab</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">Armistice</a> of 1918, the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> Compton returned home to Princeton, his wife and three-year-old daughter Mary Evelyn. In June 1919, Compton was made a full professor, and worked in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmer_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmer Laboratory (page does not exist)">Palmer Laboratory</a> where his gift for teaching was legendary. His research was in the area of <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectroscopy</a> in subject areas such as passage of <a href="/wiki/Photoelectrons" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoelectrons">photoelectrons</a> through metals, <a href="/wiki/Ionization" title="Ionization">ionization</a>, the motion of <a href="/wiki/Electrons" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrons">electrons</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gases" class="mw-redirect" title="Gases">gases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">fluorescence</a>, theory of the <a href="/wiki/Electric_arc" title="Electric arc">electric arc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Absorption_(electromagnetic_radiation)" title="Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)">absorption</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emission_(electromagnetic_radiation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emission (electromagnetic radiation)">emission</a> <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">spectra</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> vapor, and collisions of <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoms</a>. His paper with OT Richardson, "The Photoelectric Effect," in 1912<sup id="cite_ref-Richardson_Compton_1912_pp._783–784_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardson_Compton_1912_pp._783–784-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was one of the first verifications of Einstein's 1905 paper on the <a href="/wiki/Photoelectric_effect" title="Photoelectric effect">photoelectric effect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Whittaker_1989_p._8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whittaker_1989_p.-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rowena died in the fall of 1919. In 1921, Compton married <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hutchinson_Compton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Hutchinson Compton (page does not exist)">Margaret Hutchinson</a>, with whom he had a daughter, Jean, and a son, Charles Arthur. In 1927, Compton was named director of research at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmer_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmer Laboratory (page does not exist)">Palmer Laboratory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Fogg_Brackett_Chair_of_Physics" title="Cyrus Fogg Brackett Chair of Physics">Cyrus Fogg Brackett professor</a>. In 1929 he was appointed head of the department. Over one hundred papers were published in his name during his time at Princeton. </p><p>In 1923, Compton was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> and in 1924 a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> for which he was chairman of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_of_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section of Physics (page does not exist)">Section of Physics</a> (1927–1930). He was named vice-president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">APS</a>) in 1925 and in 1927 became its president. Compton was also a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Optical_Society_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical Society of America">Optical Society of America</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a> and other professional engineering societies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology_(1930–1954)"><span id="Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology_.281930.E2.80.931954.29"></span>Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1930–1954)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Taylor_Compton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1930–1954)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1930, Compton accepted an invitation from the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT Corporation">MIT Corporation</a> to be president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), an engineering school that was redefining the relationship between <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>. He took office at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">America</a>, a time of <a href="/wiki/Economic" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic">economic</a> turmoil and a time when <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> was under attack as a source of social ills and national despair. Compton was to strengthen basic scientific research at the Institute while becoming a spokesman for science and technology. </p><p>During Compton's service as president, the organization went through a revolutionary change. He developed a new approach to education in science and engineering, the influence of which was felt far beyond MIT. Significantly, he was active in the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Engineering_Education" title="American Society for Engineering Education">Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education</a>, and its president in 1938. He was a leader in establishing new standards for the accreditation of engineering criteria through his role as chairman of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_Engineering_Schools&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Committee on Engineering Schools (page does not exist)">Committee on Engineering Schools</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_Council_for_Professional_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Engineer's Council for Professional Development (page does not exist)">Engineer's Council for Professional Development</a>. He believed in broad-based education for scientists and engineers that was responsive to the needs of the time, and that science should be an element of industrial progress. </p><p>In the early 1930s, Compton joined with members of the APS to form the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics" title="American Institute of Physics">American Institute of Physics</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics" title="American Institute of Physics">AIP</a>). While he was chairman of the AIP board during 1931–1936, the organization became a federation of several disparate societies for developing subject areas in physics. It sponsored publication of research results in the rapidly expanding study of physics during that era. </p><p>In 1948, Compton resigned his post as President of MIT and was elected chair of the MIT Corporation. He held that position until his death on June 22, 1954. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cooperation_with_the_military_(1933–1949)"><span id="Cooperation_with_the_military_.281933.E2.80.931949.29"></span>Cooperation with the military (1933–1949)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Taylor_Compton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cooperation with the military (1933–1949)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1933, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> asked Compton to chair a new <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Advisory_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific Advisory Board (page does not exist)">Scientific Advisory Board</a> that lasted two years. This put him into a forefront of scientists that perceived a need for reliable scientific advice at the highest levels of government. The start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> motivated the start of the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Research_Committee" title="National Defense Research Committee">National Defense Research Committee</a> (NDRC), created in 1940 under the chairmanship of <a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a>. Compton was a member of the NDRC and became head of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Division_D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division D (page does not exist)">Division D</a> which was responsible for assembling a group of academic and industrial engineers and scientists that would study primarily <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">fire control</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thermal_radiation" title="Thermal radiation">thermal radiation</a>. In 1941, the NDRC was assimilated into the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Scientific_Research_and_Development" title="Office of Scientific Research and Development">Office of Scientific Research and Development</a> (OSRD) where Compton chaired the <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Radar_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Radar Mission (page does not exist)">United States Radar Mission</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. </p><p>In August 1942, Roosevelt appointed Compton to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubber_Survey_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubber Survey Committee (page does not exist)">Rubber Survey Committee</a>, which investigated and made recommendations to help resolve conflicts on technical direction in the development of <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_rubber" title="Synthetic rubber">synthetic rubber</a>, arising due to the loss of rubber supply during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, Compton was selected as one of eight members of the <a href="/wiki/Interim_Committee" title="Interim Committee">Interim Committee</a> appointed to advise President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> on the use of the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">atomic bomb</a>. When <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> surrendered in 1945, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> came to an end and Compton left the OSRD. In 1946, Compton chaired the President's Advisory Commission on Military Training. He also wrote an article in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic magazine">Atlantic magazine</a> entitled "What If The United States Had Never Dropped The Atomic Bomb?" in which he argues that the dropping the bomb saved hundreds of thousands of lives; President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry S Truman">Harry S Truman</a> responded in agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1946 to 1948, he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Research_Advisory_Committee" title="Naval Research Advisory Committee">Naval Research Advisory Committee</a>. Compton chaired the Joint Research and Development Board from 1948 to 1949, when he stepped down for health reasons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Taylor_Compton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Rumford_Prize" title="Rumford Prize">Rumford Prize</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1931</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_for_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Medal for Merit">Presidential Medal for Merit</a> in 1946 for hastening the termination of hostilities by means of the <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> research and development program he directed.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Medal" title="Public Welfare Medal">Public Welfare Medal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>. in 1947 for his eminence in the application of science to the public welfare.<sup id="cite_ref-PublicWelfare_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PublicWelfare-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Award" title="Washington Award">Washington Award</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Society_of_Engineers" title="Western Society of Engineers">Western Society of Engineers</a> in 1947</li> <li>Honorary Commander, Civil Division, of the <a href="/wiki/Most_Excellent_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Most Excellent Order of the British Empire">Most Excellent Order of the British Empire</a> in 1948</li> <li>Knight Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Order_of_St._Olav" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav">Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav</a> in 1948</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Lamme_Medal" title="IEEE Lamme Medal">Lamme Medal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Engineering_Education" title="American Society for Engineering Education">American Society for Engineering Education</a> in 1949</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Medal" title="Hoover Medal">Hoover Medal</a> jointly from the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Electrical_Engineers" title="American Institute of Electrical Engineers">American Institute of Electrical Engineers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="American Society of Mechanical Engineers">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Mining_and_Metallurgical_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers">American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a> in 1950</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/William_Procter_Prize_for_Scientific_Achievement" title="William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement">William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Research_Society_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific Research Society of America">Scientific Research Society of America</a> in 1950</li> <li>Officer in the <a href="/wiki/French_Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="French Legion of Honor">French Legion of Honor</a> in 1951</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Priestley_Memorial_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priestley Memorial Award (page does not exist)">Priestley Memorial Award</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_College" title="Dickinson College">Dickinson College</a> in 1954 for his contributions to the "welfare of mankind through physics" <sup id="cite_ref-Priestley_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Priestley-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The lunar crater <a href="/wiki/Compton_(crater)" title="Compton (crater)">Compton</a> is named after Compton and his brother Arthur, who was also an influential scientist. Compton was also the recipient of thirty-two honorary degrees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Taylor_Compton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Borth, Christy. <i>Masters of Mass Production,</i> pp.14-15, Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, 1945.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karl-Taylor-Compton">"Karl Taylor Compton | American physicist"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Karl+Taylor+Compton+%7C+American+physicist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FKarl-Taylor-Compton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Taylor+Compton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSciences1992" class="citation book cs1">Sciences, National Academy of (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nap.edu/catalog/2037/biographical-memoirs-v61"><i>Biographical Memoirs: V.61</i></a>. pp. 39–57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780309047463" title="Special:BookSources/9780309047463"><bdi>9780309047463</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Memoirs%3A+V.61&rft.pages=39-57&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780309047463&rft.aulast=Sciences&rft.aufirst=National+Academy+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fcatalog%2F2037%2Fbiographical-memoirs-v61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Taylor+Compton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrawicky2009" class="citation book cs1">Trawicky, Bernard (2009-04-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dp2TAwAAQBAJ&q=Karl+Taylor+Compton+birthday&pg=PA154"><i>Anniversaries and Holidays</i></a>. American Library Association. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780838910047" title="Special:BookSources/9780838910047"><bdi>9780838910047</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anniversaries+and+Holidays&rft.pub=American+Library+Association&rft.date=2009-04-30&rft.isbn=9780838910047&rft.aulast=Trawicky&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddp2TAwAAQBAJ%26q%3DKarl%2BTaylor%2BCompton%2Bbirthday%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Taylor+Compton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCompton1910" class="citation journal cs1">Compton, Karl Taylor (Feb 1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevSeriesI.30.161">"A Study of the Wehnelt Electrolytic Interrupter"</a>. <i>Physical Review</i>. Series I. <b>30</b> (2): 161–179. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1910PhRvI..30..161C">1910PhRvI..30..161C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevSeriesI.30.161">10.1103/PhysRevSeriesI.30.161</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1536-6065">1536-6065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=A+Study+of+the+Wehnelt+Electrolytic+Interrupter&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=161-179&rft.date=1910-02&rft.issn=1536-6065&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevSeriesI.30.161&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1910PhRvI..30..161C&rft.aulast=Compton&rft.aufirst=Karl+Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.aps.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevSeriesI.30.161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Taylor+Compton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thesis-compton-1911-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thesis-compton-1911_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCompton1911" class="citation thesis cs1">Compton, Karl Taylor (1911). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/301739926/"><i>The Influence of the Contact Difference of Potential Between the Plates Emitting and Receiving Electrons Liberated by Ultraviolet Light on the Measurement of the Velocities of these Electrons</i></a></span> (Ph.D.). <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/247563377">247563377</a> – via <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Influence+of+the+Contact+Difference+of+Potential+Between+the+Plates+Emitting+and+Receiving+Electrons+Liberated+by+Ultraviolet+Light+on+the+Measurement+of+the+Velocities+of+these+Electrons&rft.inst=Princeton+University&rft.date=1911&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F247563377&rft.aulast=Compton&rft.aufirst=Karl+Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F301739926%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Taylor+Compton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richardson_Compton_1912_pp._783–784-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Richardson_Compton_1912_pp._783–784_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardsonCompton1912" class="citation journal cs1">Richardson, O. W.; Compton, Karl T. (1912-05-17). "The Photoelectric Effect". <i>Science</i>. <b>35</b> (907). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 783–784. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1912Sci....35..783R">1912Sci....35..783R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.35.907.783">10.1126/science.35.907.783</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17792421">17792421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+Photoelectric+Effect&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=907&rft.pages=783-784&rft.date=1912-05-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.35.907.783&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17792421&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1912Sci....35..783R&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=O.+W.&rft.au=Compton%2C+Karl+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Taylor+Compton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whittaker_1989_p.-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whittaker_1989_p._8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittaker1989" class="citation book cs1">Whittaker, Sir Edmund (1989-01-01). <i>A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity</i>. Vol. 2. Courier Dover Publications. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-26126-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-26126-3"><bdi>0-486-26126-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Theories+of+Aether+and+Electricity&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Courier+Dover+Publications&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.isbn=0-486-26126-3&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=Sir+Edmund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Taylor+Compton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/syntheticrubber.html">"U.S. Synthetic Rubber Program"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 Jan</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Synthetic+Rubber+Program&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acs.org%2Fcontent%2Facs%2Fen%2Feducation%2Fwhatischemistry%2Flandmarks%2Fsyntheticrubber.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Taylor+Compton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCompton1946" class="citation web cs1">Compton, Karl T. (1946-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1946/12/if-the-atomic-bomb-had-not-been-used/376238/">"If the Atomic Bomb Had Not Been Used"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=If+the+Atomic+Bomb+Had+Not+Been+Used&rft.date=1946-12-01&rft.aulast=Compton&rft.aufirst=Karl+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F1946%2F12%2Fif-the-atomic-bomb-had-not-been-used%2F376238%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Taylor+Compton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PublicWelfare-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PublicWelfare_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604024100/http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_pwm">"Public Welfare Award"</a>. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_pwm">the original</a> on 4 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Welfare+Award&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fsite%2FPageServer%3Fpagename%3DAWARDS_pwm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Taylor+Compton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Priestley-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Priestley_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307082733/http://www.dickinson.edu/news-and-events/awards/Joseph-Priestley-Celebration/">"Joseph Priestley Celebration"</a>. Dickinson College. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dickinson.edu/news-and-events/awards/Joseph-Priestley-Celebration/">the original</a> on 7 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joseph+Priestley+Celebration&rft.pub=Dickinson+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dickinson.edu%2Fnews-and-events%2Fawards%2FJoseph-Priestley-Celebration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarl+Taylor+Compton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Taylor_Compton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Office Of The National Research Council, Biographical Memoirs, National Academies Press, (October 1, 1992), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-309-04746-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-309-04746-3">0-309-04746-3</a></li> <li>Galison, Peter, and Barton Bernstein. "In any light: Scientists and the decision to build the Superbomb, 1952-1954." <i>Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences</i> 19.2 (1989): 267–347. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://galison.scholar.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/andrewhsmith/files/27757627.pdf">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Taylor_Compton&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trumanlibrary.org/photographs/view.php?id=14452">Photograph of Karl Taylor Compton and other members of the NDRC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514043844/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photographs/view.php?id=14452">Archived</a> 2011-05-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraries.mit.edu/archives/mithistory/biographies/compton.html">Official MIT Presidential Biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin.nap.edu/books/0309047463/html/38.html">Julius A. Stratton's biography of Compton</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060828135704/http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people%2FCompton%2C+Karl">Annotated bibliography for Karl Compton from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/compton-karl-t.pdf">National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Wesley_Stratton" title="Samuel Wesley Stratton">Samuel Wesley Stratton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology </b><br />1930–1948 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Rhyne_Killian" title="James Rhyne Killian">James Rhyne Killian</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Research_and_Engineering" title="Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering">Chair of the Research and Development Board</a> </b><br />1948–1950 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">William Webster</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Presidents of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Barton_Rogers" title="William Barton Rogers">William Barton Rogers</a> (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Daniel_Runkle" title="John Daniel Runkle">John Daniel Runkle</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barton_Rogers" title="William Barton Rogers">William Barton Rogers</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Amasa_Walker" title="Francis Amasa Walker">Francis Amasa Walker</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Crafts" title="James Crafts">James Crafts</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Smith_Pritchett" title="Henry Smith Pritchett">Henry Smith Pritchett</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Amos_Noyes" title="Arthur Amos Noyes">Arthur Amos Noyes</a> # (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cockburn_Maclaurin" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Cockburn Maclaurin">Richard Cockburn Maclaurin</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Thomson" title="Elihu Thomson">Elihu Thomson</a> # (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Fox_Nichols" title="Ernest Fox Nichols">Ernest Fox Nichols</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Thomson" title="Elihu Thomson">Elihu Thomson</a> # (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Wesley_Stratton" title="Samuel Wesley Stratton">Samuel Wesley Stratton</a> (1923)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karl Taylor Compton</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rhyne_Killian" title="James Rhyne Killian">James Rhyne Killian</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Adams_Stratton" title="Julius Adams Stratton">Julius Adams Stratton</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Wesley_Johnson" title="Howard Wesley Johnson">Howard Wesley Johnson</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Wiesner" title="Jerome Wiesner">Jerome Wiesner</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_E._Gray" title="Paul E. Gray">Paul E. Gray</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Vest" title="Charles M. Vest">Charles M. Vest</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Hockfield" title="Susan Hockfield">Susan Hockfield</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Rafael_Reif" class="mw-redirect" title="L. Rafael Reif">L. Rafael Reif</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Kornbluth" title="Sally Kornbluth">Sally Kornbluth</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Key</b>: # denotes acting president</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_American_Physical_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Physical_Society" title="Template:Presidents of the American Physical Society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_American_Physical_Society" title="Template talk:Presidents of the American Physical Society"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Physical_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the American Physical Society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Physical_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">Presidents of the American Physical Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1899–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Augustus_Rowland" title="Henry Augustus Rowland">Henry Augustus Rowland</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Albert A. Michelson</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Gordon_Webster" title="Arthur Gordon Webster">Arthur Gordon Webster</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Barus" title="Carl Barus">Carl Barus</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Leamington_Nichols" title="Edward Leamington Nichols">Edward Leamington Nichols</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Crew" title="Henry Crew">Henry Crew</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Magie" title="William Francis Magie">William Francis Magie</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Osgood_Peirce" title="Benjamin Osgood Peirce">Benjamin Osgood Peirce</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Merritt" title="Ernest Merritt">Ernest Merritt</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Bumstead" title="Henry A. Bumstead">Henry A. Bumstead</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sweetman_Ames" title="Joseph Sweetman Ames">Joseph Sweetman Ames</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lyman_IV" title="Theodore Lyman IV">Theodore Lyman</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin_Mendenhall" title="Thomas Corwin Mendenhall">Thomas Corwin Mendenhall</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Miller" title="Dayton Miller">Dayton Miller</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karl Taylor Compton</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gale_(astrophysicist)" title="Henry Gale (astrophysicist)">Henry Gale</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Gray_Swann" title="William Francis Gray Swann">William Francis Gray Swann</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Foote" title="Paul D. Foote">Paul D. Foote</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Wood" title="Robert W. Wood">Robert W. Wood</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_K._Richtmyer" title="Floyd K. Richtmyer">Floyd K. Richtmyer</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_M._Randall" title="Harrison M. Randall">Harrison M. Randall</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_James_Briggs" title="Lyman James Briggs">Lyman James Briggs</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Torrence_Tate_Sr." title="John Torrence Tate Sr.">John Torrence Tate Sr.</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zeleny" title="John Zeleny">John Zeleny</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Pegram" title="George B. Pegram">George B. Pegram</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Stewart" title="George W. Stewart">George Stewart</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Percy Williams Bridgman</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_W._Hull" title="Albert W. Hull">Albert W. Hull</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Jeffrey_Dempster" title="Arthur Jeffrey Dempster">Arthur Jeffrey Dempster</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Fletcher" title="Harvey Fletcher">Harvey Fletcher</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Condon" title="Edward Condon">Edward Condon</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Alvin_DuBridge" title="Lee Alvin DuBridge">Lee Alvin DuBridge</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Wheeler_Loomis" title="Francis Wheeler Loomis">Francis Wheeler Loomis</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Christian_Lauritsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Christian Lauritsen">Charles Christian Lauritsen</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">John Hasbrouck Van Vleck</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">H. Bethe</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Thayer_Birge" title="Raymond Thayer Birge">Raymond Thayer Birge</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">E. Wigner</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_DeWolf_Smyth" title="Henry DeWolf Smyth">Henry DeWolf Smyth</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Beams" title="Jesse Beams">Jesse Beams</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">George Uhlenbeck</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf">Victor Weisskopf</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_V._Houston" title="William V. Houston">William V. Houston</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harry_Williams" title="John Harry Williams">John Harry Williams</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bacher" title="Robert Bacher">Robert Bacher</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Felix Bloch</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles H. Townes</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Walter Alvarez</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Mills Purcell</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Serber" title="Robert Serber">Robert Serber</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_M._Morse" title="Philip M. Morse">Philip M. Morse</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Edward_Mayer" title="Joseph Edward Mayer">Joseph Edward Mayer</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pief_Panofsky" title="Pief Panofsky">Pief Panofsky</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William A. Fowler</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pake" title="George Pake">George Pake</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_M._Branscomb" title="Lewis M. Branscomb">Lewis M. Branscomb</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Feshbach" title="Herman Feshbach">Herman Feshbach</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Arthur Leonard Schawlow</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Marshak" title="Robert Marshak">Robert Marshak</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Wilson" title="Robert R. Wilson">Robert R. Wilson</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Drell" title="Sidney Drell">Sidney Drell</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Logsdon Fitch</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Krumhansl" title="James A. Krumhansl">James A. Krumhansl</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Merzbacher" title="Eugen Merzbacher">Eugen Merzbacher</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_M._Henley" title="Ernest M. Henley">Ernest M. Henley</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_N._Langenberg" title="Donald N. Langenberg">Donald N. Langenberg</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Kumar_N._Patel" title="C. Kumar N. Patel">C. Kumar Patel</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">J.R. Schrieffer</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Allan_Bromley" title="D. Allan Bromley">D. Allan Bromley</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sessler" title="Andrew Sessler">Andrew Sessler</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Jerome Isaac Friedman</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Langer" title="James S. Langer">James S. Langer</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Trilling" title="George Trilling">George Trilling</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Brinkman" title="William F. Brinkman">William F. Brinkman</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriam_Sarachik" title="Myriam Sarachik">Myriam Sarachik</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Quinn" title="Helen Quinn">Helen Quinn</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_L._Cohen" title="Marvin L. Cohen">Marvin L. Cohen</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bienenstock" title="Arthur Bienenstock">Arthur Bienenstock</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_A._Murray" title="Cherry A. Murray">Cherry A. Murray</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Callan" title="Curtis Callan">Curtis Callan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Byer" title="Robert L. Byer">Robert L. Byer</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Turner" title="Michael S. Turner">Michael S. Turner</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Beasley" title="Malcolm Beasley">Malcolm R. Beasley</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Aronson" title="Sam Aronson">Sam Aronson</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Neal" title="Homer Neal">Homer Neal</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Greene_(physicist)" title="Laura Greene (physicist)">Laura Greene</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Falcone" title="Roger Falcone">Roger Falcone</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">David Gross</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Bucksbaum" title="Philip H. Bucksbaum">Philip H. Bucksbaum</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates" title="Sylvester James Gates">Sylvester James Gates Jr.</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Hellman" title="Frances Hellman">Frances Hellman</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rosner" title="Robert Rosner">Robert Rosner</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349042#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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