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<div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Akustisk_fonetik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akustisk_fonetik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Akustisk fonetik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akustisk_fonetik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Talperception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Talperception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Talperception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Talperception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allmänna_källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allmänna_källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Allmänna källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allmänna_källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fonetik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 122 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">122 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetiek" title="Fonetiek – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fonetiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetik" title="Phonetik – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Phonetik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_(%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="صوتيات (لسانيات) – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صوتيات (لسانيات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetica" title="Fonetica – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fonetica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ধ্বনিবিজ্ঞান – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ধ্বনিবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%A9tica" title="Fonética – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fonética" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ধ্বনিবিজ্ঞান – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ধ্বনিবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фонетика – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фонетика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фанетыка – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фанетыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фанэтыка – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фанэтыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фонетика – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фонетика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetik" title="Fonetik – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fonetik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%A8tica" title="Fonètica – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fonètica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фонетика – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фонетика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponetika" title="Ponetika – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ponetika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seineg" title="Seineg – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Seineg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetik" title="Fonetik – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fonetik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetik" title="Phonetik – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phonetik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foneetika" title="Foneetika – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Foneetika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Φωνητική – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φωνητική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Phonetics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фонетика – erjya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Фонетика" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erjya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%A9tica" title="Fonética – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fonética" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetiko" title="Fonetiko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fonetiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="آواشناسی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آواشناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lj%C3%B3%C3%B0fr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Ljóðfrøði – färöiska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ljóðfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="färöiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phon%C3%A9tique" title="Phonétique – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phonétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetyk" title="Fonetyk – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fonetyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheeanaghtys" title="Sheeanaghtys – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sheeanaghtys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%A9tica" title="Fonética – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fonética" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фонетика – ingusjiska" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Фонетика" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%ED%95%99" title="음성학 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="음성학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%B9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հնչյունաբանություն – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնչյունաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="स्वनविज्ञान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वनविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – högsorbiska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="högsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetiko" title="Fonetiko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fonetiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetik" title="Fonetik – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fonetik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetica" title="Phonetica – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Phonetica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifonetiki" title="Ifonetiki – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ifonetiki" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifonetiki" title="Ifonetiki – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ifonetiki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlj%C3%B3%C3%B0fr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Hljóðfræði – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hljóðfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetica" title="Fonetica – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fonetica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="פונטיקה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פונטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%A9tik" title="Fonétik – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fonétik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ფონეტიკა – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფონეტიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фонетика – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фонетика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetiki" title="Fonetiki – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fonetiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetik" title="Fonetik – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fonetik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengan%C3%AE" title="Denganî – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Denganî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фонетика – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фонетика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetica" title="Phonetica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Phonetica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C4%93tika" title="Fonētika – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fonētika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneetik" title="Phoneetik – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Phoneetik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetiek" title="Fonetiek – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Fonetiek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetica" title="Fonetica – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Fonetica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/voksnaske" title="voksnaske – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="voksnaske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funetica" title="Funetica – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Funetica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фонетика – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фонетика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B4netika" title="Fônetika – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fônetika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="സ്വനവിജ്ഞാനം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്വനവിജ്ഞാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetik" title="Fonetik – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fonetik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84-%C4%ADng-h%C5%8Fk" title="Ngṳ̄-ĭng-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngṳ̄-ĭng-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Фонетикась – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Фонетикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="သဒ္ဒဗေဒ – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သဒ္ဒဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetiek" title="Fonetiek – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fonetiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="音声学 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="音声学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%8D%DF%B2%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%9F%DF%90%DF%B2%DF%98%DF%90%DF%A6%DF%8A" title="ߡߍ߲ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ – n-kå" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߍ߲ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n-kå" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetikk" title="Fonetikk – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fonetikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetikk" title="Fonetikk – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fonetikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetike" title="Fonetike – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fonetike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetica" title="Fonetica – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fonetica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%B1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Йӱклончыш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йӱклончыш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਧੁਨੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧੁਨੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA" title="علم صوت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="علم صوت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%A9tika" title="Fonétika – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Fonétika" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="اوازپوهنه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوازپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetyka" title="Fonetyka – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fonetyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%A9tica" title="Fonética – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fonética" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetic%C4%83" title="Fonetică – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fonetică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фонетика – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фонетика" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фонетика – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фонетика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knklaan_hengak" title="Knklaan hengak – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Knklaan hengak" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetik" title="Phonetik – saterfrisiska" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Phonetik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fun%C3%A8tica" title="Funètica – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Funètica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Phonetics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%A1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%97%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фѡнитїка – kyrkslaviska" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Фѡнитїка" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kyrkslaviska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_(%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C)" title="دەنگناسی (زمانەوانی) – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەنگناسی (زمانەوانی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фонетика – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фонетика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetiikka" title="Fonetiikka – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fonetiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palabigkasan" title="Palabigkasan – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Palabigkasan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="ஒலியியல் (மொழியியல்) – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒலியியல் (மொழியியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фонетика – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фонетика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="สัทศาสตร์ – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัทศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Овошиносӣ – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Овошиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ses_bilgisi" title="Ses bilgisi – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ses bilgisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – turkmeniska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фонетика – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фонетика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="صوتیات – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صوتیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%A8tega" title="Fonètega – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fonètega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetik" title="Fonetik – veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Fonetik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Ngữ âm học – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ âm học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%81%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="音聲學 – litterär kineiska" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="音聲學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="litterär kineiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fonetika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6" title="语音学 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="语音学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="פאנעטיק – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאנעטיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="語音學 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="語音學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6" title="语音学 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="语音学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonetik" title="Fonetik – centraldusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Fonetik" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="centraldusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵜ – marockansk standard-tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="marockansk standard-tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35395#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fonetik" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Fonetik" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Fonetik" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Fonetik" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&oldid=53770805" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Fonetik&id=53770805&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFonetik"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><table style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; padding: .2em; float: right; clear: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kvetenskap" title="Språkvetenskap">Språkvetenskapliga <br />discipliner</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dialektologi" title="Dialektologi">Dialektologi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fonetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonologi" title="Fonologi">Fonologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik">Grammatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historisk_lingvistik" title="Historisk lingvistik">Historisk lingvistik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexikografi" title="Lexikografi">Lexikografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfologi_(lingvistik)" title="Morfologi (lingvistik)">Morfologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortografi" title="Ortografi">Ortografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatik" title="Pragmatik">Pragmatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantik" title="Semantik">Semantik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotik" title="Semiotik">Semiotik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfilosofi" title="Språkfilosofi">Språkfilosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociolingvistik" title="Sociolingvistik">Sociolingvistik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5ktypologi" title="Språktypologi">Språktypologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retorik" title="Retorik">Retorik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastik" title="Onomastik">Onomastik</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="noexcerpt noprint hanvisning_bas"> <dl><dd><i>För alfabetet, se <a href="/wiki/Fonetisk_skrift" class="mw-redirect" title="Fonetisk skrift">fonetisk skrift</a>.  </i></dd></dl></div> <p><b>Fonetik</b> (<a href="/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska">grekiska</a> φωνή, <i>foné</i>, ljud) eller <b>ljudlära</b> är <a href="/wiki/Vetenskap" title="Vetenskap">vetenskapen</a> om talet, särskilt talljuden. Den ägnar sig åt att beskriva <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kljud" title="Språkljud">språkljud</a> bland annat hur de bildas (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Talproduktion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talproduktion [inte skriven än]">talproduktion</a>), deras fysikaliska egenskaper (<a href="/wiki/Akustisk_fonetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Akustisk fonetik">akustisk fonetik</a>) och hur de uppfattas och förstås (<a href="/wiki/Talperception" class="mw-redirect" title="Talperception">talperception</a>). En deskriptiv gren sysslar med evolutiv fonetik och är en viktig del av den språkhistoriska vetenskapen. Den normativa fonetiken beskriver de vedertagna uttalen i specifika fall. Nära sammanhängande med fonetiken är studiet av språkljudens funktion i själva <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k" title="Språk">språket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fonologi" title="Fonologi">fonologin</a>. </p><p><b>Fonetik</b> är även namnet på en årlig <a href="/wiki/Svenska" title="Svenska">svenskspråkig</a> konferens sedan <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>, där fonetiska och närliggande <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kteknologi" title="Språkteknologi">språkteknologiska</a> ämnen tas upp. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Akustisk_fonetik">Akustisk fonetik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Akustisk fonetik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Akustisk fonetik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Human_voice_spectrogram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Human_voice_spectrogram.jpg/250px-Human_voice_spectrogram.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Human_voice_spectrogram.jpg/375px-Human_voice_spectrogram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Human_voice_spectrogram.jpg/500px-Human_voice_spectrogram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1477" data-file-height="982" /></a><figcaption>Spektrogram. Kvinnlig talare säger "It's all greek to me".</figcaption></figure> <p>Akustiskt fonetik är det experimentella studiet av talet som fysikalisk process,<sup id="cite_ref-NE.SE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NE.SE-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> främst mätningar och beskrivningar av de ljudvågor som produceras vid tal. Till skillnad från traditionell transkription av subjektiva hörselintryck används vid akustisk fonetik datorer eller maskiner för att spela in och analysera ljudsignalen. På så sätt kan man se tryckmönster, <a href="/wiki/Formant" title="Formant">formanter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brus" title="Brus">brus</a>, etc. i ett <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ljudspektrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ljudspektrum [inte skriven än]">ljudspektrum</a> (en avbildning av ljudsignalen vid ett visst ögonblick) eller ett <a href="/wiki/Spektrogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Spektrogram">spektrogram</a> (en avbildning av ljud över tid). Dock brukar man vid analysen av akustisk data rita ut segment använda traditionella fonetiska tecken. En stor del av den teoretiska grunden för den moderna akustiska fonetiken utvecklades av <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Fant_(professor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunnar Fant (professor)">Gunnar Fant</a> och lades fram i standardverket <i>Acoustic Theory of Speech Production</i> (1960).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Talperception">Talperception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Talperception" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Talperception"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Talperception handlar om människans förmåga att koda av den akustiska signalen och matcha den mot sitt <a href="/wiki/Ordf%C3%B6rr%C3%A5d" title="Ordförråd">ordförråd</a>. Talsignalen genomgår många omvandlingar på vägen till <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4rnbarken" class="mw-redirect" title="Hjärnbarken">hjärnbarken</a> för att lyssnaren ska kunna tillgodogöra sig det språkliga innehållet. Trots att det är en mycket komplicerad process går den normalt snabbt och utan ansträngning. Talperceptionens huvudproblem består i att det är mycket svårt att dra skarpa gränser mellan ljud och ord och att de språkliga segmenten kan ha skiftande egenskaper. Under 1960-talet formulerade forskare vid Haskinslaboratoriet i New York den så kallade <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorteorin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motorteorin [inte skriven än]">motorteorin</a></i>; den innebär att lyssnaren i förväg bildar hypoteser om den inkommande signalen och sedan matchar den mot den faktiska signalen. Dessa forskare menade att det i hjärnan skulle finnas ett särskilt neuralt system som sköter denna process. Kritiker till teorin menar att antagandet bara introducerade ytterligare ett antagande som kräver en förklaring. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internationella_fonetiska_alfabetet" title="Internationella fonetiska alfabetet">Internationella fonetiska alfabetet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NE.SE-1"><a href="#cite_ref-NE.SE_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se">på internet</a>, 11 april 2009, uppslagsord: <i>akustisk fonetik</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Engstrand (2004), s. 70</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allmänna_källor"><span id="Allm.C3.A4nna_k.C3.A4llor"></span>Allmänna källor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Allmänna källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Allmänna källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Engstrand, Olle (2007). <i>Fonetik Light</i>, Lund: Studentlitteratur</li> <li>Engstrand, Olle (2004). <i>Fonetikens grunder</i>, Lund: Studentlitteratur</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetik&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.ling.su.se/staff/hartmut/tur.htm">En tur i fonetikens marker</a> av Professor Hartmut Traunmüller</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.ling.su.se/fon/fonkonfer.html">Svenska fonetikkonferenser</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ling.su.se/fonetiklaboratoriet">Fonetiklaboratoriet vid Stockholms universitet</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks 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