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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carriage_houses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Carriage houses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carriage_houses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_outbuildings_and_dependencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_outbuildings_and_dependencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Service outbuildings and dependencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_outbuildings_and_dependencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landscaping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landscaping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Landscaping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landscaping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Rococo architecture</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background-color:#F9F9F9;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #AAAAAA;width:250px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_2018.jpg/375px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_2018.jpg/500px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6550" data-file-height="3863" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#F9F9F9;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pushkin_Catherine_Palace_Hermitage_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pushkin_Catherine_Palace_Hermitage_06.jpg/250px-Pushkin_Catherine_Palace_Hermitage_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pushkin_Catherine_Palace_Hermitage_06.jpg/375px-Pushkin_Catherine_Palace_Hermitage_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pushkin_Catherine_Palace_Hermitage_06.jpg/500px-Pushkin_Catherine_Palace_Hermitage_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3432" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption">From top to bottom: <a href="/wiki/Sanssouci_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanssouci Palace">Sanssouci Palace</a> in Germany, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Palace" title="Catherine Palace">Catherine Palace</a> in Russia, and Hermitage Retreat Building in <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Park" title="Catherine Park">Catherine Park</a> in Russia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">18th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Europe</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rococo architecture</b>, prevalent during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a> in France from 1715 to 1774, is an exceptionally ornamental and exuberant architectural style characterized by the use of <a href="/wiki/Rocaille" title="Rocaille">rocaille</a> motifs such as shells, curves, <a href="/wiki/Mascaron_(architecture)" title="Mascaron (architecture)">mascarons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">arabesques</a>, and other classical elements. The <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> style abandoned the symmetry of earlier <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> styles like <a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%A7ade" title="Façade">façades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornice" title="Cornice">cornices</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediments</a>, and instead created a flexible and visually engaging style that maintained a level of classical regularity.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Light pastel colors, including shades of blue, green, and pink, replaced the darker elements characteristic of <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque architecture</a> such as exposed limestone and extensive <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The iconography of Rococo architecture, predominantly associated with 18-century Europe, had a considerable influence on various architectural styles globally over subsequent centuries. These styles include <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_architecture" title="Dutch colonial architecture">Dutch colonial</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_architecture" title="French colonial architecture">French colonial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_style" title="Second Empire style">Second Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Nouveau architecture">Art Nouveau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the largest and most well known examples of Rococo architecture include royal palaces and other grand residences, such as <a href="/wiki/Nymphenburg_Palace" title="Nymphenburg Palace">Nymphenburg Palace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanssouci_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanssouci Palace">Sanssouci Palace</a> in Germany, along with <a href="/wiki/Runsa" title="Runsa">Runsa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salsta_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsta Palace">Salsta Palaces</a> in Stockholm, Sweden. In Russia, notable examples include <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Palace" title="Alexander Palace">Alexander Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Palace" title="Catherine Palace">Catherine Palace</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Palace" title="Winter Palace">Winter Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many have been preserved and serve as historic house museums.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exterior_design_and_Andrea_Palladio's_Quattro_Libri"><span id="Exterior_design_and_Andrea_Palladio.27s_Quattro_Libri"></span>Exterior design and Andrea Palladio's <i>Quattro Libri</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rococo_architecture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Exterior design and Andrea Palladio's Quattro Libri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mascaron_8_avenue_Opera_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mascaron_8_avenue_Opera_Paris.jpg/220px-Mascaron_8_avenue_Opera_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mascaron_8_avenue_Opera_Paris.jpg/330px-Mascaron_8_avenue_Opera_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mascaron_8_avenue_Opera_Paris.jpg/440px-Mascaron_8_avenue_Opera_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2650" data-file-height="2410" /></a><figcaption>Mascaron of <a href="/wiki/Avenue_de_l%27Op%C3%A9ra" title="Avenue de l'Opéra">Avenue de l'Opéra</a> no. 8, Paris, France</figcaption></figure> <p>Eighteenth-century architecture was profoundly influenced by classical ideals of symmetrical design, prominently featuring elements such as columns, <a href="/wiki/Capital_(architecture)" title="Capital (architecture)">capitals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architrave" title="Architrave">architraves</a>, statuary, and other exterior ornamentation. The principles outlined in <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Palladio" title="Andrea Palladio">Andrea Palladio</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Quattro_Libri_dell%27Architettura" class="mw-redirect" title="Quattro Libri dell'Architettura">Quattro Libri dell'Architettura</a></i> (<i>Four Books on Architecture</i>), published in Italy in 1570, remained influential throughout the latter half of the millennium. These principles served as a foundation for various architectural styles, including <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a>, Rococo, <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival architecture</a>. They provided a template for room arrangement and the basic design of exterior elevations.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Rococo period, architects adapted these classical templates to include asymmetrical forms, whimsical curves, and bright colors, creating more dynamic and engaging designs. While some architectural historians may consider the Rococo period as a continuation of the late Baroque style, it is predominantly recognized as a distinct architectural design.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the late 18-century, the Rococo style was increasingly viewed as an elaborate and grandiose manifestation, characterized by extravagant <a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">cartouches</a>, flamboyant curves, and excessive <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilding</a>. As a reaction, the Neoclassical style emerged, aiming to return to the simpler, <a href="/wiki/Allegorical_sculpture" title="Allegorical sculpture">allegorical</a> forms and motifs reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These architectural styles consistently incorporated allegorical motifs, such as <a href="/wiki/Acanthus_leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthus leaves">acanthus leaves</a>, cupids, <a href="/wiki/Putto" title="Putto">putti</a>, and figures of Greek and Roman deities, to convey an image of sophistication and moral stability.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Central to many Rococo architectural <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">friezes</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Mascaron_(architecture)" title="Mascaron (architecture)">mascaron</a>, an allegorical face that served either as a welcoming symbol or a deterrent, depending on its expression.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interior_elements_and_classical_allegorical_motifs">Interior elements and classical allegorical motifs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rococo_architecture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Interior elements and classical allegorical motifs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22IMG_7358_Ballroom_in_Catherine_Palace%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%22IMG_7358_Ballroom_in_Catherine_Palace%22.jpg/220px-%22IMG_7358_Ballroom_in_Catherine_Palace%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%22IMG_7358_Ballroom_in_Catherine_Palace%22.jpg/330px-%22IMG_7358_Ballroom_in_Catherine_Palace%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%22IMG_7358_Ballroom_in_Catherine_Palace%22.jpg/440px-%22IMG_7358_Ballroom_in_Catherine_Palace%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Ballroom, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rastrelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Rastrelli">Francesco Rastrelli</a>'s Golden Enfilade of Rooms, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Palace" title="Catherine Palace">Catherine Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsarskoye_Selo" title="Tsarskoye Selo">Tsarskoye Selo</a> in Russia</figcaption></figure><p>The interiors of Rococo buildings were intended to project an atmosphere of both intricate detail and comfort for occupants and visitors. Notable examples include the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Soubise" title="Hôtel de Soubise">Hôtel de Soubise</a> in France and the <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Palace" title="Catherine Palace">Catherine Palace</a> in Russia, where the extensive use of mirrors and large windows, surrounded by gilt frames with <a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">arabesques</a>, created spacious, bright interiors in areas such as ballrooms, <a href="/wiki/Antechamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Antechamber">antechambers</a>, and state dining rooms. These settings were enhanced by <a href="/wiki/Plasterwork" title="Plasterwork">plasterwork</a>, water gilding, <a href="/wiki/Marquetry" title="Marquetry">marquetry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parquet_flooring" class="mw-redirect" title="Parquet flooring">parquet flooring</a>, along with painted and gilded <a href="/wiki/Plafond" title="Plafond">plafond</a> ceilings. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drawing,_Section_of_wall,_salon_Louis_XIII,_Palace_of_Fontainebleau,_France,_ca._1885_(CH_18096629).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Drawing%2C_Section_of_wall%2C_salon_Louis_XIII%2C_Palace_of_Fontainebleau%2C_France%2C_ca._1885_%28CH_18096629%29.jpg/220px-Drawing%2C_Section_of_wall%2C_salon_Louis_XIII%2C_Palace_of_Fontainebleau%2C_France%2C_ca._1885_%28CH_18096629%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Drawing%2C_Section_of_wall%2C_salon_Louis_XIII%2C_Palace_of_Fontainebleau%2C_France%2C_ca._1885_%28CH_18096629%29.jpg/330px-Drawing%2C_Section_of_wall%2C_salon_Louis_XIII%2C_Palace_of_Fontainebleau%2C_France%2C_ca._1885_%28CH_18096629%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Drawing%2C_Section_of_wall%2C_salon_Louis_XIII%2C_Palace_of_Fontainebleau%2C_France%2C_ca._1885_%28CH_18096629%29.jpg/440px-Drawing%2C_Section_of_wall%2C_salon_Louis_XIII%2C_Palace_of_Fontainebleau%2C_France%2C_ca._1885_%28CH_18096629%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2635" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>Arabesque wall panels in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Palace of Fontainebleau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fontainebleau" title="Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau</a>, France</figcaption></figure><p>Arabesques, often used on either framed or recessed wall panels, or applied directly onto flat walls using <i><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">trompe-l'œil</a></i> techniques to create the illusion of three-dimensional borders, were part of the decorative strategy. These panels, like the exterior design, also featured classical allegorical motifs such as acanthus leaves, vases, and mascarons.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">chinoiserie</a> iconography, reflecting European interpretations of Chinese and East Asian art, was prevalent.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motifs could be painted, plastered, or inlaid using materials like marquetry woodwork or lacquered <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a>. In the Catherine Palace, uniquely, these designs were even incorporated into multicolored amber panels.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furniture and decorative arts from the Rococo period were designed to be both functional and comfortable. Contrasting with the large, dark, gold-framed wooden chairs of the earlier Baroque period, Rococo furniture typically featured upholstery with bright cushions and was built for moderately heavy use. Decorative elements such as <a href="/wiki/Soft-paste_porcelain" title="Soft-paste porcelain">soft-paste porcelain</a> plaques were often inlaid into furniture pieces like wardrobes, <a href="/wiki/Commode" title="Commode">commodes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Console_table" title="Console table">console tables</a>, secretaires, and writing tables. Complementary decorative objects, including pendulum clocks and vases, completed the embellishment of Rococo interiors.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Writing_and_eating_table_MET_SF58_75_56.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Writing_and_eating_table_MET_SF58_75_56.jpg/220px-Writing_and_eating_table_MET_SF58_75_56.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="431" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Writing_and_eating_table_MET_SF58_75_56.jpg/330px-Writing_and_eating_table_MET_SF58_75_56.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Writing_and_eating_table_MET_SF58_75_56.jpg/440px-Writing_and_eating_table_MET_SF58_75_56.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="1999" /></a><figcaption>Console table inlaid with <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vres_Porcelain" class="mw-redirect" title="Sèvres Porcelain">Sèvres</a> soft-paste porcelain plaques</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flooring">Flooring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rococo_architecture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Flooring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Rococo period, wooden flooring often featured <a href="/wiki/Parquetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Parquetry">parquetry</a>, a design technique involving the inlay of wood panels stained in various colors. These panels were arranged into symmetrical and visually captivating patterns. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence-Parquet-Musee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Valence-Parquet-Musee.jpg/220px-Valence-Parquet-Musee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Valence-Parquet-Musee.jpg/330px-Valence-Parquet-Musee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Valence-Parquet-Musee.jpg/440px-Valence-Parquet-Musee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4115" data-file-height="2725" /></a><figcaption>Flooring inlaid with parquetry woodwork in the Musée des Beaux-Arts, <a href="/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme">Valence</a>, France</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plafonds">Plafonds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rococo_architecture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Plafonds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In large Rococo buildings, ceilings, often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Plafond" title="Plafond">plafonds</a>, were painted and gilded with scenes depicting <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek myth">ancient Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman myths">Roman myths</a>, along with other classical and allegorical motifs. These decorations served dual purposes: they were visually stunning elements of interior design and also acted as representations of social values.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plafond_du_salon_de_la_Paix_(Louvre).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Plafond_du_salon_de_la_Paix_%28Louvre%29.jpg/220px-Plafond_du_salon_de_la_Paix_%28Louvre%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Plafond_du_salon_de_la_Paix_%28Louvre%29.jpg/330px-Plafond_du_salon_de_la_Paix_%28Louvre%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Plafond_du_salon_de_la_Paix_%28Louvre%29.jpg/440px-Plafond_du_salon_de_la_Paix_%28Louvre%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Plafond du Salon de la Paix, <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Palace" title="Louvre Palace">Louvre Palace</a>, Paris, France</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2023-06-07_Hotel_de_Soubise_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2023-06-07_Hotel_de_Soubise_18.jpg/220px-2023-06-07_Hotel_de_Soubise_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2023-06-07_Hotel_de_Soubise_18.jpg/330px-2023-06-07_Hotel_de_Soubise_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2023-06-07_Hotel_de_Soubise_18.jpg/440px-2023-06-07_Hotel_de_Soubise_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Salon de la Princesse, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Soubise" title="Hôtel de Soubise">Hôtel de Soubise</a>, Paris, France</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interior_layout">Interior layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rococo_architecture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Interior layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The interior layout of Rococo palaces often incorporated a multi-level design, typically featuring two, three, or four floors, each consisting of two rooms across its width. Rather than employing hallways or corridors for room access, these palaces were designed around one or more grand staircases, in addition to service stairwells and lifts, which led to a central point on the upper floors. From this central location, occupants and visitors would move through a series of rooms, such as libraries, antechambers, chambers, <a href="/wiki/Boudoir" title="Boudoir">boudoirs</a>, and dressing rooms. This progression from public to more private spaces facilitated both social interaction and the hierarchical use of space, while also maximizing the net usable area of the building by reducing the square footage dedicated to corridors and passageways. </p><p>When hallways were used, they were typically used only by servants and workers, often passing behind fireplaces and through service entrances. Higher-status individuals and guests would travel through the suite of connected rooms to reach their destinations. On the ground level, functional spaces such as butlers' pantries, guardrooms, ancillary offices, porcelain and silver cabinet rooms, and warming kitchens were positioned with easy access to outdoor outbuildings and service entries. Ceremonial spaces like ballrooms, chapels, reception rooms, principal offices, and state dining rooms were placed closer to the center of the palace, ensuring proximity to the grand staircase and accessibility to other related rooms.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outbuildings">Outbuildings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rococo_architecture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Outbuildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kitchens">Kitchens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rococo_architecture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kitchens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the eighteenth century, kitchens in large houses and palaces were typically constructed as separate buildings from the main structure. This separation was strategic, primarily to mitigate the heat and odors from cooking permeating the main living areas, and to decrease the risk of fire spreading to the palace if an incident occurred in the kitchen. </p><p>Once food was prepared in these external kitchens, it was transported to a warming kitchen located typically on the ground floor of the main building. In the warming kitchen, dishes were plated and prepared using utensils and tableware stored in nearby porcelain cabinets or butler's pantries. To ensure the food remained hot and ready for serving, it was then conveyed from the warming kitchen to the dining room. This transportation could be facilitated through specialized hallways, stairwells, or even a <a href="/wiki/Dumbwaiter" title="Dumbwaiter">dumbwaiter</a>. </p><p>The dumbwaiter varied in design, ranging from simple dumbwaiters to more sophisticated mechanical or steam-powered cargo elevators. Some systems, known as "thieves," were even more intricate, involving individual elevators at each place setting of the dining table. These systems allowed dishes to be raised and lowered directly between the warming kitchen and the dining room, potentially eliminating the need for servants to enter the dining area. This feature was particularly advantageous during meals where privacy was required, such as discussions involving confidential or classified information. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retreat_buildings">Retreat buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rococo_architecture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Retreat buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some Rococo palace complexes, there were structures known as retreat buildings or hermitages, separate from the main palace. These structures provided a more intimate setting away from the main palace, which often included a large circulation of family members, government officials, servants, and guests. Hermitages were typically two stories high and contained a few rooms on each level. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carriage_houses">Carriage houses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rococo_architecture&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Carriage houses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rococo palace complexes frequently included carriage houses, which were used for storage and maintenance of horse-drawn wagons and related equipment. They were connected to stables and grazing areas to accommodate the horses that powered them.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the English-speaking world, such complexes dedicated to equine housing and care were often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Mews" title="Mews">mews</a> buildings. Many historic British mansions featured a separate mews.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_outbuildings_and_dependencies">Service outbuildings and dependencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rococo_architecture&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Service outbuildings and dependencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rococo palaces often featured a complex of outbuildings and dependencies designed to support the various operational needs of the estate. Beyond the primary cooking kitchen and the carriage house, these included structures such as the <a href="/wiki/Scullery" title="Scullery">scullery</a>, where vegetables were prepared and dishes were washed, and the <a href="/wiki/Smokehouse" title="Smokehouse">smokehouse</a>, used for preserving meats through smoking over hot coals to extend their freshness and usability. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Servant%27s_quarters" class="mw-redirect" title="Servant's quarters">Servant's quarters</a> were another component of the palace infrastructure. These quarters were either housed in a separate outbuilding or located in a specific area of the main palace. When within the main building, the servants' quarters were often accessible only through a separate circulation system of corridors and stairwells, distinct from those used by the palace's higher-status occupants and visitors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landscaping">Landscaping</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rococo_architecture&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Landscaping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veitsh%C3%B6chheim_Rococo_Garden_-_IMG_6615.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Veitsh%C3%B6chheim_Rococo_Garden_-_IMG_6615.JPG/220px-Veitsh%C3%B6chheim_Rococo_Garden_-_IMG_6615.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Veitsh%C3%B6chheim_Rococo_Garden_-_IMG_6615.JPG/330px-Veitsh%C3%B6chheim_Rococo_Garden_-_IMG_6615.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Veitsh%C3%B6chheim_Rococo_Garden_-_IMG_6615.JPG/440px-Veitsh%C3%B6chheim_Rococo_Garden_-_IMG_6615.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Rococo Garden, Veitshochheim Palace, Franconia, German Federation</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Governor%27s_palace_maze._colonial_williamsburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Governor%27s_palace_maze._colonial_williamsburg.jpg/220px-Governor%27s_palace_maze._colonial_williamsburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Governor%27s_palace_maze._colonial_williamsburg.jpg/330px-Governor%27s_palace_maze._colonial_williamsburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Governor%27s_palace_maze._colonial_williamsburg.jpg/440px-Governor%27s_palace_maze._colonial_williamsburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Hedge Maze, <a href="/wiki/Governor%27s_Palace_(Williamsburg,_Virginia)" title="Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Virginia)">Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Virginia)</a> United States</figcaption></figure> <p>Rococo palaces and grand houses contained severalformal and informal gardens, including parterres, vegetable gardens, hedge mazes, fountains, and reflecting ponds.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each of these elements served specific aesthetic and functional purposes within the landscape design. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Parterres" class="mw-redirect" title="Parterres">Parterres</a> were formal gardens maintained at a height of no more than about half a meter, using <a href="/wiki/Scythe" title="Scythe">scythes</a> and mowers. They were regarded as highly private outdoor areas ideal for discussing confidential matters, as the low height of the vegetation ensured that anyone within earshot was also visible, thus reducing the risk of eavesdropping.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vegetable gardens were typically tended by servants and gardeners, producing fresh produce that supplemented food supplies from external sources. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hedge_maze" title="Hedge maze">Hedge mazes</a> offered both entertainment and aesthetic appeal, with some designed with a single entrance and exit leading to a central cul-de-sac.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This central feature often included small statues or fountains and provided a secluded spot for more private encounters, such as dates.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the decorative elements in these gardens, the campana vase was particularly notable. This large stone vase, with a narrow base and a wide, cylindrical body, drew inspiration from ancient Roman vases and jugs traditionally used in wine production in classical antiquity.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolas_Lancret_-_A_Lady_and_Gentleman_Taking_Coffee_with_Children_in_a_GardenFXD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Nicolas_Lancret_-_A_Lady_and_Gentleman_Taking_Coffee_with_Children_in_a_GardenFXD.jpg/220px-Nicolas_Lancret_-_A_Lady_and_Gentleman_Taking_Coffee_with_Children_in_a_GardenFXD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Nicolas_Lancret_-_A_Lady_and_Gentleman_Taking_Coffee_with_Children_in_a_GardenFXD.jpg/330px-Nicolas_Lancret_-_A_Lady_and_Gentleman_Taking_Coffee_with_Children_in_a_GardenFXD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Nicolas_Lancret_-_A_Lady_and_Gentleman_Taking_Coffee_with_Children_in_a_GardenFXD.jpg/440px-Nicolas_Lancret_-_A_Lady_and_Gentleman_Taking_Coffee_with_Children_in_a_GardenFXD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1485" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Lancret" title="Nicolas Lancret">Nicolas Lancret</a>'s A Lady and Gentleman Taking Coffee with Children in a Garden</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rococo_architecture&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/the-rococo-style-an-introduction">"The Rococo style – an introduction · V&A"</a>. <i>Victoria and Albert Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Victoria+and+Albert+Museum&rft.atitle=The+Rococo+style+%E2%80%93+an+introduction+%C2%B7+V%26A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vam.ac.uk%2Farticles%2Fthe-rococo-style-an-introduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARococo+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span 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March 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Painswick+Rococo+Garden%2C+Gloucestershire&rft.date=2021-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthegardenstrust.org%2Fpainswick-rococo-garden-gloucestershire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARococo+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/histories/perfect-parterres/">"Parterre gardens"</a>. <i>English Heritage</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=English+Heritage&rft.atitle=Parterre+gardens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.english-heritage.org.uk%2Flearn%2Fhistories%2Fperfect-parterres%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARococo+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php/Parterre">"Parterre - History of Early American Landscape Design"</a>. <i>heald.nga.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=heald.nga.gov&rft.atitle=Parterre+-+History+of+Early+American+Landscape+Design&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheald.nga.gov%2Fmediawiki%2Findex.php%2FParterre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARococo+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrp.org.uk/hampton-court-palace/whats-on/the-maze/">"The Maze | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Maze+%26%23124%3B+Hampton+Court+Palace+%26%23124%3B+Historic+Royal+Palaces&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrp.org.uk%2Fhampton-court-palace%2Fwhats-on%2Fthe-maze%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARococo+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMatthews1922" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, William Henry (November 19, 1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ILpgAAAAMAAJ&dq=hedge+maze+cul+de+sac&pg=PA189"><i>Mazes and Labyrinths: A General Account of Their History and Developments</i></a>. 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href="https://www.northernceramicsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/An-English-Pottery-Heritage-Troy-Dawson-Chapell-Part-1.pdf">Chappell, Troy Dawson (2016). “An English Pottery Heritage” Northern Ceramic Society.</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_architecture220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">History of architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_architectural_styles" title="Timeline of architectural styles">Architectural timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_construction" title="History of construction">History of construction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="BCE">BCE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mesopotamia" title="Architecture of Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture" title="Ancient Egyptian architecture">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li>Aegean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization#Architecture" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Architecture" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_architecture" title="Etruscan architecture">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">Classical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_architecture" title="Ancient Roman architecture">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodian_architecture" title="Herodian architecture">Herodian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture#Pre-Islamic_architecture_of_Persia" title="Iranian architecture">Pre-Islamic Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_architecture" title="Achaemenid architecture">Achaemenid</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium" title="1st millennium">1st millennium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_architecture" title="Sasanian architecture">Sasanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine</a></li> <li>East Slavic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Architecture of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_church_architecture" title="Russian church architecture">Muscovite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_architecture" title="Umayyad architecture">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Moorish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_architecture" title="Abbasid architecture">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_architecture" title="Fatimid architecture">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture#Islamic_architecture_of_Persia" title="Iranian architecture">Islamic Persian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Scandinavian_architecture" title="Medieval Scandinavian architecture">Medieval Scandinavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_architecture" title="Carolingian architecture">Carolingian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1000–1500</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_school_(architecture)" title="Galician school (architecture)">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_architecture" title="Ottonian architecture">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_architecture" title="Hoysala architecture">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_architecture" title="Vijayanagara architecture">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_architecture" title="Western Chalukya architecture">Western Chalukya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Islamic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuk_architecture" title="Great Seljuk architecture">Great Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_architecture" title="Anatolian Seljuk architecture">Anatolian Seljuk architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_architecture" title="Mamluk architecture">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_architecture" title="Timurid architecture">Timurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_architecture" title="Ottoman architecture">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Islamic_architecture" title="Indo-Islamic architecture">Indo-Islamic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Gothic" title="Romano-Gothic">Romano-Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sondergotik" title="Sondergotik">Sondergotik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Gothic_architecture" title="Venetian Gothic architecture">Venetian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_architecture" title="Inca architecture">Incan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_architecture" title="Aztec architecture">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateresque" title="Plateresque">Plateresque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1500–1750</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manueline" title="Manueline">Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladian_architecture" title="Palladian architecture">Palladian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_architecture" title="Sikh architecture">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1750–1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Baroque" title="Andean Baroque">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Baroque_architecture" title="Czech Baroque architecture">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Baroque_architecture" title="Dutch Baroque architecture">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="English Baroque">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Baroque_architecture" title="French Baroque architecture">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Baroque_architecture" title="Italian Baroque architecture">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Baroque_architecture" title="Maltese Baroque architecture">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_Baroque" title="Petrine Baroque">Petrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Baroque" title="Elizabethan Baroque">Elizabethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naryshkin_Baroque" title="Naryshkin Baroque">Naryshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture_in_Portugal" title="Baroque architecture in Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Baroque" title="Siberian Baroque">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Baroque" title="Ukrainian Baroque">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_architecture" title="Industrial architecture">Industrial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_industrial_architecture" title="British industrial architecture">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Revival architecture">Byzantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Byzantine_architecture_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire">Russo-Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Byzantine_Revival_architecture" title="Serbo-Byzantine Revival architecture">Serbo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Colonial Revival architecture">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revival_architecture" title="Egyptian Revival architecture">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Revival_architecture" title="Mediterranean Revival architecture">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Revival_architecture" title="Mission Revival architecture">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumentalism" title="Monumentalism">Monumentalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_Revival_architecture" title="Baroque Revival architecture">Baroque</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rococo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Revival_architecture" title="Moorish Revival architecture">Moorish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Saracenic_architecture" title="Indo-Saracenic architecture">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Manueline" title="Neo-Manueline">Neo-Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Pueblo</a></li> <li>Queen Anne <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Queen_Anne_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="British Queen Anne Revival">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Queen_Anne_Revival_architecture" title="New World Queen Anne Revival architecture">America and Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture" title="Romanesque Revival architecture">Romanesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revival_architecture" title="Romanian Revival architecture">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revival_architecture" title="Russian Revival architecture">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Revival_architecture" title="Tudor Revival architecture">Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Gothic_architecture" title="Venetian Gothic architecture">Venetian Gothic Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">Jugendstil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_style" title="Liberty style">Liberty style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Style_(British_Art_Nouveau_style)" title="Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style)">Modern Style</a></li> <li><a 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